The lives, opinions, and remarkable sayings of the most famous ancient philosophers. The first volume written in Greek, by Diogenes Laertius ; made English by several hands ...
         De vitis philosophorum. English
         Diogenes Laertius.
      
       
         
           1688
        
      
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             The lives, opinions, and remarkable sayings of the most famous ancient philosophers. The first volume written in Greek, by Diogenes Laertius ; made English by several hands ...
             De vitis philosophorum. English
             Diogenes Laertius.
          
           [4], 589 p., [1] leaf of plates : port.
           
             Printed for Edward Brewster ...,
             London :
             1688.
          
           
             "The names of the translators": p. [14]
             Contains engraved frontispiece portrait of Diogenes Laertius.
             Marginal notes.
             Reproduction of original in the Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Philosophers.
           Philosophy, Ancient.
        
      
    
     
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               DIOGENES
               LAERTIUS
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           LIVES
           ,
           OPINIONS
           ,
           AND
           REMARKABLE
           SAYINGS
           Of
           the
           Most
           Famous
           Ancient
           Philosophers
           .
        
         
           Written
           in
           GREEK
           ,
           by
           DIOGENES
           LAERTIUS
           .
        
         
           Made
           English
           by
           Several
           Hands
           .
        
         
           
             The
             First
             Volume
          
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             Edward
             Brewster
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Crane
           in
           St.
           Paul's
           Church-Yard
           ,
           1688.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           The
           LIFE
           of
           
             DIOGENES
             LAERTIUS
          
           .
        
         
           SInce
           our
           Author
           ,
           
             Diogenes
             Laertius
          
           ,
           has
           so
           highly
           oblig'd
           Posterity
           ,
           by
           the
           Pains
           which
           he
           has
           taken
           in
           collecting
           the
           Lives
           of
           the
           most
           Famous
           Phylosophers
           ;
           without
           which
           Assistance
           ,
           we
           could
           never
           have
           attain'd
           the
           Knowledg
           of
           so
           many
           remarkable
           Discourses
           ,
           and
           Means
           to
           understand
           their
           Learning
           ,
           my
           Opinion
           is
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           but
           reasonable
           to
           do
           him
           the
           same
           Justice
           ,
           to
           publish
           whatever
           we
           have
           found
           ,
           as
           well
           in
           Ancient
           ,
           as
           in
           Modern
           Authors
           ,
           in
           reference
           to
           his
           own
           Life
           .
           Nevertheless
           ,
           because
           there
           are
           but
           very
           few
           ,
           who
           have
           made
           mention
           of
           him
           ,
           we
           must
           be
           forc'd
           to
           do
           as
           they
           do
           ,
           who
           not
           daring
           to
           stare
           impudently
           in
           the
           
           Face
           of
           any
           Lady
           ,
           for
           that
           they
           never
           had
           the
           opportunity
           of
           Access
           to
           speak
           to
           her
           ,
           are
           constrain'd
           to
           fix
           their
           Eyes
           upon
           her
           Hands
           ;
           in
           like
           manner
           shall
           I
           ground
           my
           Discourse
           ,
           for
           the
           greater
           Confirmation
           of
           the
           Reasons
           which
           I
           bring
           upon
           his
           Book
           of
           Lives
           ;
           from
           which
           we
           shall
           endeavour
           to
           collect
           his
           own
           ,
           as
           we
           do
           the
           Cause
           from
           the
           Effect
           ;
           not
           being
           able
           to
           compass
           more
           ample
           Testimonies
           of
           his
           Qualities
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           great
           Distance
           between
           the
           Age
           he
           liv'd
           in
           ,
           and
           our
           Times
           ,
           and
           the
           Negligence
           of
           those
           who
           have
           writ
           the
           Lives
           of
           Remarkable
           Persons
           ,
           without
           making
           mention
           of
           His.
           
        
         
           In
           the
           first
           place
           then
           ,
           to
           remove
           
           all
           Disputes
           concerning
           the
           Time
           wherein
           he
           flourish'd
           ,
           most
           certain
           it
           is
           ,
           that
           it
           could
           not
           be
           but
           very
           few
           Years
           ,
           that
           he
           preceded
           the
           more
           Modern
           Philosophers
           ,
           of
           whom
           he
           makes
           mention
           in
           certain
           Places
           
           of
           his
           Lives
           ;
           that
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           
             Simon
             Apollonides
          
           ,
           who
           liv'd
           in
           the
           Reign
           of
           the
           Emperor
           
             Tiberius
             ;
             Plutarch
          
           ,
           and
           
             Sextus
             Empiricus
          
           ,
           who
           liv'd
           in
           the
           Time
           of
           
             Marcus
             Antoninus
          
           .
           Nevertheless
           't
           is
           very
           probable
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           survive
           a
           long
           time
           after
           them
           ;
           seeing
           that
           Eunapius
           the
           Sardian
           ,
           who
           liv'd
           under
           the
           Reign
           of
           Julian
           the
           Emperor
           ,
           makes
           no
           mention
           of
           him
           in
           the
           Catalogue
           of
           Authors
           ,
           who
           have
           collected
           the
           History
           of
           the
           Ancient
           Philosophers
           :
           which
           makes
           me
           question
           ,
           Whether
           the
           same
           Accident
           did
           not
           befal
           Eunapius
           &
           Diogenes
           ,
           as
           befel
           Sotion
           &
           Porphyrius
           ;
           the
           Elder
           whereof
           wrote
           the
           Lives
           of
           the
           Philosophers
           who
           liv'd
           nearest
           to
           his
           Time
           ;
           and
           the
           Younger
           ,
           the
           Lives
           of
           such
           as
           were
           most
           remote
           from
           the
           Age
           wherein
           he
           liv'd
           .
           So
           that
           there
           is
           no
           Faith
           to
           be
           giv'n
           to
           Suidas
           ,
           who
           asserts
           ,
           that
           our
           Historian
           liv'd
           both
           before
           and
           after
           the
           Death
           of
           Augustus
           .
        
         
         
           As
           for
           the
           Place
           of
           his
           Birth
           ,
           I
           
           am
           not
           of
           their
           Opinion
           ,
           who
           will
           have
           it
           to
           be
           a
           Village
           of
           Cilicia
           ,
           call'd
           Laertes
           ;
           grounding
           their
           Opinion
           upon
           his
           Additional
           Sirname
           ;
           for
           their
           Conjecture
           is
           fallacious
           :
           in
           regard
           there
           is
           no
           reason
           to
           think
           ,
           but
           that
           it
           ought
           to
           be
           either
           his
           Proper
           Name
           ,
           or
           given
           him
           by
           reason
           of
           some
           Accident
           ,
           without
           deriving
           it
           from
           the
           Place
           of
           his
           Nativity
           ;
           nay
           ,
           though
           they
           might
           have
           some
           reason
           to
           derive
           his
           Name
           from
           the
           Place
           of
           his
           Birth
           ;
           yet
           there
           will
           another
           doubt
           arise
           ,
           whether
           there
           might
           not
           be
           some
           other
           Village
           in
           Greece
           ,
           that
           bore
           the
           same
           Name
           ,
           to
           prevent
           his
           being
           a
           Cilician
           :
           for
           had
           they
           but
           read
           with
           Consideration
           the
           Life
           of
           Timon
           the
           Phliasian
           ,
           they
           might
           there
           observe
           by
           his
           own
           Testimony
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           of
           Nice
           in
           Macedonia
           ;
           of
           the
           same
           Country
           with
           
             Timon
             Apolloniates
          
           ;
           as
           is
           manifestly
           apparent
           
           by
           that
           Expression
           of
           his
           ,
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
             our
             Countryman
          
           ;
           which
           Words
           cannot
           be
           understood
           in
           any
           other
           Sence
           ,
           as
           the
           Learned
           Reader
           may
           judge
           by
           the
           Greek
           Text
           in
           the
           same
           Place
           ;
           for
           there
           is
           no
           Credit
           to
           be
           giv'n
           to
           the
           Latin
           Version
           .
        
         
           If
           it
           be
           a
           thing
           possible
           to
           judge
           
           of
           the
           Manners
           of
           a
           Person
           by
           his
           Physiognomy
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Cause
           by
           the
           Effect
           ,
           what
           should
           hinder
           us
           to
           make
           a
           shrewd
           Conjecture
           of
           the
           Manners
           of
           Diogenes
           ,
           in
           regard
           that
           Books
           much
           more
           manifestly
           discover
           the
           Inclinations
           of
           those
           that
           wrote
           them
           ,
           then
           Words
           ;
           and
           Words
           more
           clearly
           then
           the
           Countenance
           ?
           It
           is
           impossible
           to
           understand
           the
           Discourse
           of
           a
           Man
           by
           his
           Face
           ,
           unless
           he
           speaks
           ;
           nor
           whether
           he
           can
           play
           on
           the
           Lute
           or
           no
           ,
           unless
           you
           hear
           him
           touch
           the
           Strings
           :
           But
           we
           may
           apparently
           discover
           his
           Manners
           in
           his
           Works
           ,
           as
           we
           may
           his
           Face
           in
           a
           
           Mirror
           ;
           in
           regard
           that
           by
           his
           faithful
           setting
           down
           in
           Writing
           what
           Men
           have
           done
           and
           said
           ,
           we
           find
           ,
           that
           he
           never
           approves
           their
           Vicious
           Acts
           ;
           but
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           censures
           them
           by
           some
           Explication
           or
           other
           :
           As
           when
           he
           tells
           us
           that
           Bion
           entertain'd
           his
           Friends
           with
           lewd
           Discourse
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           learn'd
           in
           the
           School
           of
           Prophane
           Theodorus
           :
           Or
           by
           some
           Epigram
           of
           his
           own
           making
           ;
           as
           ,
           when
           in
           the
           same
           place
           ,
           he
           laughs
           at
           the
           Folly
           of
           Bion
           ,
           who
           had
           all
           along
           liv'd
           an
           impious
           Life
           ;
           yet
           dy'd
           at
           length
           in
           the
           height
           of
           Superstition
           .
           In
           the
           next
           place
           ,
           we
           may
           observe
           his
           Humanity
           ,
           or
           rather
           true
           Morality
           in
           other
           places
           ;
           while
           he
           overthrows
           the
           Impostures
           of
           Backbiters
           and
           Slanderers
           ,
           and
           makes
           it
           his
           Business
           to
           defend
           the
           Virtue
           of
           others
           ;
           as
           we
           maysee
           in
           the
           Life
           of
           Epicurus
           .
           His
           Justice
           is
           also
           remarkable
           in
           this
           ;
           that
           he
           never
           dissembles
           what
           is
           truly
           good
           ,
           
           nor
           the
           Errors
           of
           any
           Person
           ;
           which
           is
           observable
           in
           the
           Life
           of
           Zeno
           the
           Cittean
           ,
           and
           Chrysippus
           ;
           and
           in
           this
           ;
           That
           in
           all
           his
           Writings
           ,
           he
           is
           never
           observ'd
           to
           be
           a
           rigid
           Affecter
           or
           Favourer
           of
           any
           Sect.
           Moreover
           ,
           he
           shews
           himself
           so
           much
           an
           Abhorrer
           of
           all
           manner
           of
           Venereal
           Excess
           ,
           that
           he
           never
           lets
           any
           Person
           escape
           unbranded
           who
           was
           guilty
           of
           that
           Vice
           ;
           yet
           in
           Terms
           so
           modest
           ,
           as
           not
           to
           offend
           the
           Reader
           ;
           as
           we
           may
           observe
           in
           the
           Life
           of
           Crates
           ,
           and
           several
           others
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           the
           Sects
           then
           in
           Being
           ,
           it
           
           is
           more
           easie
           for
           us
           to
           tell
           ,
           of
           which
           he
           was
           not
           ,
           then
           to
           make
           him
           a
           Follower
           of
           any
           one
           ;
           for
           that
           he
           shews
           himself
           a
           Neuter
           in
           all
           his
           Writings
           .
           Nevertheless
           ,
           if
           we
           may
           speak
           by
           Conjecture
           our
           own
           Sentiments
           ,
           we
           have
           some
           Reason
           to
           believe
           him
           a
           Follower
           of
           Potamon
           of
           Alexandria
           ,
           who
           after
           all
           the
           rest
           ,
           and
           a
           little
           before
           his
           Time
           ,
           set
           up
           a
           Sect
           
           of
           those
           that
           were
           call'd
           Choosers
           ,
           or
           Eclectics
           ;
           and
           bore
           the
           Title
           also
           of
           
             Lovers
             of
             Truth
          
           ;
           because
           they
           made
           Choice
           out
           of
           every
           Sect
           ,
           of
           that
           which
           they
           thought
           was
           best
           to
           stick
           to
           .
           Which
           was
           the
           Reason
           that
           
             Clement
             ,
             Potamon's
          
           Countryman
           ,
           says
           in
           one
           Place
           ,
           
             We
             ought
             neither
             to
             be
          
           Zenonians
           ,
           nor
           Platonics
           ,
           nor
           Epicureans
           ,
           nor
           Aristotelics
           ,
           
             but
             rather
          
           Eclectics
           ;
           
             chusing
             out
             of
             every
             Sect
             that
             is
             most
             Noble
             ,
             and
             nearest
             approaching
             to
             the
             Truth
             .
          
        
         
           His
           Learning
           appears
           by
           his
           
           Writings
           :
           For
           if
           we
           observe
           his
           Style
           ,
           we
           shall
           find
           it
           concise
           ,
           and
           full
           of
           Efficacy
           ;
           his
           Words
           well
           chosen
           ,
           and
           his
           Discourse
           eloquent
           .
           Yet
           is
           he
           not
           altogether
           exempt
           from
           blame
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           Disposal
           ,
           Superfluity
           or
           Defect
           of
           Matter
           ;
           which
           some
           excuse
           by
           laying
           the
           Fault
           upon
           his
           Memory
           ;
           others
           ,
           upon
           his
           Multiplicity
           of
           Business
           ,
           which
           would
           not
           permit
           him
           to
           
           take
           a
           Review
           of
           what
           he
           had
           written
           .
           Nevertheless
           he
           keeps
           his
           Station
           among
           those
           that
           may
           be
           thought
           most
           accomplish'd
           in
           all
           manner
           of
           Learning
           ;
           so
           that
           if
           I
           may
           speak
           my
           own
           Thoughts
           ,
           neither
           the
           Life
           of
           Plato
           ,
           nor
           the
           Epitome
           of
           the
           
             Zenonian
             Dogma's
          
           ,
           nor
           the
           three
           Epistles
           of
           Epicurus
           ,
           seem
           to
           be
           of
           his
           weaving
           .
        
         
           Certain
           it
           is
           he
           wrote
           his
           Pammeter
           
           before
           his
           Lives
           ;
           which
           is
           nothing
           else
           but
           a
           Volume
           of
           Poems
           and
           Epigrams
           ,
           in
           all
           sorts
           of
           Meter
           ,
           in
           the
           Praise
           of
           several
           Persons
           ;
           which
           was
           divided
           ,
           as
           he
           testifies
           himself
           ,
           in
           the
           Life
           of
           Thales
           ,
           into
           several
           Books
           .
           Some
           time
           after
           he
           had
           publisht
           it
           ,
           he
           collected
           out
           of
           several
           Authors
           ,
           the
           Lives
           of
           the
           most
           Illustrious
           Philosophers
           ,
           and
           dedicated
           them
           to
           a
           certain
           Lady
           ;
           as
           appears
           in
           the
           Life
           of
           Plato
           ;
           where
           he
           has
           this
           Expression
           ;
           
             Since
             you
             are
             so
             great
             an
             Admirer
             of
          
           Plato
           ,
           
             and
             a
             
             Lover
             of
             his
             Doctrine
             ,
             above
             any
             other
             ▪
             &c.
             
          
           Besides
           these
           Works
           of
           his
           ▪
           we
           have
           no
           Authentic
           Testimony
           ▪
           to
           confirm
           that
           he
           ever
           wrote
           any
           Thing
           more
           .
        
         
           I
           also
           find
           several
           Remarkable
           Persons
           ,
           who
           bear
           the
           Name
           of
           Diogenes
           .
           The
           First
           ,
           was
           a
           Sporadic
           Philosopher
           ,
           a
           Native
           of
           Apollonia
           ,
           and
           a
           Disciple
           of
           Anaximenes
           ,
           in
           the
           Seventieth
           Olympiad
           ,
           whose
           Life
           is
           recorded
           in
           the
           Ninth
           Book
           of
           this
           History
           ;
           and
           of
           whom
           Cicero
           makes
           mention
           in
           his
           First
           Book
           of
           the
           
             Nature
             of
             the
             Gods
          
           ;
           where
           ,
           he
           says
           ,
           
             But
             what
             kind
             of
             Thing
             can
             that
             Ayr
             be
             ,
             which
          
           Diogenes
           Apolloniates
           
             will
             have
             to
             be
             a
             God
             ?
             What
             Sence
             can
             it
             have
             ,
             or
             what
             Form
             ?
          
           The
           Second
           ,
           was
           the
           Cynic
           ;
           who
           was
           in
           his
           Declension
           about
           the
           113th
           .
           Olympiad
           ;
           whose
           Life
           is
           related
           at
           large
           in
           the
           Sixth
           Book
           of
           this
           History
           .
           The
           Third
           was
           an
           Epicuredn
           ,
           born
           at
           Tarsus
           ,
           and
           a
           Disciple
           of
           Epicuriis
           ;
           who
           
           wrote
           a
           Treatise
           of
           the
           
             Most
             Famous
             Schools
          
           .
           The
           Fourth
           ,
           a
           Stoic
           ;
           Sirnam'd
           ,
           the
           Babylonian
           ;
           though
           he
           were
           of
           Seleucia
           ;
           he
           flourish'd
           some
           Years
           before
           Cicero
           ;
           who
           testifies
           in
           the
           Fourth
           Book
           of
           his
           
             Tusculane
             Questions
          
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           sent
           with
           Carneades
           ,
           by
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           Ambassador
           to
           Rome
           .
           You
           may
           see
           his
           Opinions
           in
           the
           Third
           Book
           ,
           
             De
             Finibus
          
           ;
           and
           the
           First
           ,
           
             De
             Natura
             Deorum
          
           ;
           the
           Second
           ,
           Of
           Divination
           ;
           the
           Third
           ,
           
             De
             Officiis
          
           ;
           and
           the
           Fourth
           ,
           
             De
             Oratore
          
           .
           The
           last
           was
           our
           Laertius
           ;
           whose
           Life
           we
           here
           conclude
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           Names
           of
           the
           Translators
           .
        
         
           
             THe
             First
             Book
             Translated
             from
             the
             Greek
             by
             
               T.
               Fetherstone
            
             ,
             D.
             D.
             
          
           
             The
             Second
             Book
             Translated
             from
             the
             Greek
             by
             
               Sam.
               White
            
             ,
             M.
             D.
             
          
           
             The
             Third
             Book
             ,
             Translated
             from
             the
             Greek
             ,
             by
             
               E.
               Smith
            
             ,
             M.
             A.
             
          
           
             The
             Fourth
             Book
             ,
             Translated
             from
             the
             Greek
             ,
             by
             
               J.
               Philips
            
             ,
             Gent.
             
          
           
             The
             Fifth
             Book
             ,
             Translated
             from
             the
             Greek
             ,
             by
             
               R.
               Kippax
            
             ,
             M.
             A.
             
          
           
             The
             Sixth
             Book
             ,
             Translated
             from
             the
             Greek
             ,
             by
             
               William
               Baxter
            
             ,
             Gent.
             
          
           
             The
             Seventh
             Book
             ,
             Translated
             from
             the
             Greek
             ,
             by
             
               R.
               M.
            
             Gent.
             
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           
             Diogenes
             Laertius
          
           OF
           THE
           LIVES
           and
           SENTENCES
           of
           such
           Persons
           as
           were
           Famous
           in
           PHILOSOPHY
           .
        
         
           
             The
             First
             Book
             .
          
           
             Translated
             from
             the
             Greek
             by
             
               T.
               Fetherstone
            
             ,
             D.
             D.
             
          
           
             
               The
               Prooeme
               .
            
             
               SOme
               there
               are
               who
               affirm
               ,
               That
               the
               study
               of
               Philosophy
               deriv'd
               its
               first
               Original
               from
               among
               the
               Barbariàns
               .
               For
               that
               among
               the
               Persians
               there
               were
               the
               Magi
               ;
               among
               the
               Babylonians
               or
               Assyrians
               the
               Chaldaeans
               ;
               and
               the
               Gymnosophists
               among
               the
               Indians
               .
               Among
               the
               Gauls
               were
               another
               sort
               ,
               that
               went
               by
               the
               name
               of
               Druids
               ,
               or
               Semnotheans
               ,
               as
               Aristotle
               reports
               in
               his
               Magic
               ,
               and
               Sotion
               in
               his
               Thirteenth
               Book
               of
               Succession
               .
               Among
               the
               Phoenicians
               flourish'd
               
                 Ochus
                 ;
                 Zamolxes
              
               grew
               famous
               among
               the
               Thracians
               ,
               and
               Atlas
               among
               the
               Lybians
               .
               Add
               to
               this
               ,
               That
               the
               Egyptians
               asserted
               Vulcan
               to
               be
               the
               Son
               
               of
               Nilus
               ;
               from
               whom
               ,
               among
               them
               ,
               Philosophy
               first
               commenc'd
               ;
               and
               over
               which
               they
               who
               presided
               as
               Presidents
               and
               Guardians
               ,
               were
               both
               Priests
               and
               Prophets
               .
               From
               whence
               to
               the
               Time
               of
               Alexander
               the
               Macedonian
               ,
               were
               to
               be
               numbred
               Forty
               Eight
               Thousand
               ,
               Eight
               Hundred
               Sixty
               three
               Years
               :
               In
               all
               which
               space
               of
               Time
               ,
               there
               appeared
               Eclipses
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               no
               less
               than
               Three
               hundred
               seventy
               three
               ;
               of
               the
               Moon
               ,
               Eight
               hundred
               thirty
               two
               ,
               From
               the
               Magi
               ,
               of
               whom
               the
               chiefwas
               Zoroastres
               ,
               the
               Persian
               ,
               by
               the
               computation
               of
               Hermodorus
               the
               Platonic
               ,
               in
               his
               Book
               of
               the
               Sciences
               ,
               to
               the
               Taking
               and
               Destruction
               of
               Troy
               ,
               were
               five
               thousand
               years
               :
               though
               Xanthus
               the
               Lydian
               reck'ns
               from
               Zoroastres
               to
               the
               Descent
               of
               Xerxes
               not
               above
               six
               hundred
               years
               .
               To
               which
               Zoroastres
               afterwards
               succeeded
               several
               other
               Magi
               ,
               under
               the
               various
               names
               of
               
                 Ostanes
                 ,
                 Astrapsychi
                 ,
                 Gobryae
              
               ,
               and
               Pazatae
               ,
               till
               the
               total
               subversion
               of
               the
               Persian
               Monarchy
               by
               Alexander
               .
               But
               they
               are
               grosly
               mistak'n
               ,
               while
               they
               attribute
               to
               the
               Barbarians
               the
               famous
               Acts
               and
               Inventions
               of
               the
               Grecians
               ,
               from
               whom
               not
               only
               Philosophy
               ,
               but
               even
               the
               Race
               of
               Mankind
               had
               its
               first
               Beginning
               .
               For
               among
               the
               Athenians
               we
               behold
               the
               Ancient
               Musaeus
               ;
               among
               the
               
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 Linus
              
               ;
               Ofwhich
               two
               ,
               the
               former
               ,
               reported
               to
               be
               the
               Son
               of
               Eumolpus
               ,
               is
               said
               to
               have
               first
               made
               
               out
               the
               Pedigree
               of
               the
               Gods
               ;
               to
               have
               invented
               the
               Sphere
               ;
               and
               first
               to
               have
               taught
               the
               World
               that
               All
               things
               were
               created
               of
               one
               Matter
               ,
               and
               should
               again
               be
               dissolv'd
               into
               the
               same
               .
               This
               great
               Person
               ended
               his
               days
               at
               Phalerae
               ,
               where
               the
               following
               Elegy
               was
               ingrav'd
               upon
               his
               Tomb
               ,
               
                 
                   Here
                   in
                   Phalerian
                   Dust
                   ,
                   beneath
                   this
                   stone
                   ,
                
                 
                   Sleeps
                   lov'd
                   Musaeus
                   ,
                   once
                   Eumolpus
                   Son.
                   
                
              
            
             
               Also
               from
               the
               Father
               of
               Musaeus
               the
               Eumolpidae
               among
               the
               Athenians
               deriv'd
               their
               Name
               .
               As
               for
               Linus
               ,
               he
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Mercury
               ,
               and
               the
               Muse
               Urania
               :
               He
               wrote
               of
               the
               Creation
               of
               the
               World
               ;
               discovered
               the
               course
               of
               the
               Sun
               and
               Moon
               ,
               and
               from
               whence
               all
               Plants
               and
               Animals
               had
               their
               first
               Being
               .
               Which
               lofty
               Poem
               of
               his
               began
               after
               this
               manner
               ,
               
                 
                   Once
                   was
                   the
                   time
                   when
                   Nature's
                   God
                   display'd
                
                 
                   All
                   things
                   in
                   Order
                   ,
                   and
                   together
                   made
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Whence
               Anaxagoras
               borrowing
               ,
               affirms
               that
               All
               things
               appear'd
               at
               first
               without
               shape
               ,
               together
               and
               at
               the
               same
               instant
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               the
               high
               Intelligence
               coming
               ,
               embellish'd
               and
               adorn'd
               the
               several
               Compositions
               .
               This
               
               Linus
               ended
               his
               Life
               in
               Euboea
               ,
               being
               shot
               with
               an
               Arrow
               by
               Apollo
               .
               After
               which
               accident
               ,
               this
               Epitaph
               was
               inscrib'd
               upon
               his
               Monument
               :
               
                 
                   Here
                   Theban
                   Linus
                   rests
                   in
                   Sacred
                   Ground
                   ,
                
                 
                   Vrania's
                   Son
                   ,
                   with
                   honour'd
                   Garlands
                   Crown'd
                   .
                
              
            
             
               And
               thus
               Philosophy
               had
               its
               Beginning
               among
               the
               Greeks
               :
               which
               is
               also
               the
               more
               apparent
               from
               hence
               ,
               That
               in
               the
               very
               name
               it self
               there
               is
               not
               the
               least
               of
               barbarous
               Sound
               or
               Etymology
               .
               True
               it
               is
               ,
               they
               who
               ascribe
               the
               Invention
               of
               it
               to
               the
               Barbarians
               ,
               produce
               the
               
                 Thracian
                 Orpheus
              
               ,
               to
               make
               good
               their
               Assertion
               ;
               whom
               they
               averr
               to
               have
               been
               a
               Philosopher
               ,
               and
               of
               great
               Antiquity
               .
               But
               for
               my
               part
               ,
               I
               cannot
               understand
               how
               we
               can
               think
               him
               to
               be
               a
               Philosopher
               who
               utters
               such
               things
               as
               he
               does
               ,
               concerning
               the
               Gods
               ;
               while
               he
               asperses
               the
               Deities
               as
               guilty
               of
               all
               humane
               Passions
               ,
               and
               loads
               'em
               with
               those
               Vices
               which
               are
               seldom
               discours'd
               of
               ,
               less
               frequently
               committed
               by
               the
               worst
               of
               Men.
               And
               therefore
               though
               the
               Fable
               reports
               him
               to
               have
               perish'd
               by
               the
               fury
               of
               enrag'd
               Women
               ,
               yet
               the
               Epigram
               at
               Dios
               in
               Macedon
               ,
               speaks
               him
               to
               have
               been
               struck
               with
               Thunder
               ,
               in
               these
               words
               ,
               
                 
                 
                   With
                   footy
                   Thunder
                   all
                   besinear'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   Here
                   by
                   the
                   Muses
                   lies
                   interr'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   Together
                   with
                   his
                   Gold'n
                   Lyre
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Thracian
                   Orpheus
                   ,
                   he
                   whom
                   Jove
                
                 
                   High
                   Heav'n
                   commanding
                   ,
                   from
                   above
                
                 
                   Struck
                   dead
                   with
                   his
                   Celestial
                   Fire
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Now
               they
               who
               affirm
               Philosophy
               to
               have
               deriv'd
               its
               Original
               from
               the
               Barbarians
               ,
               pretend
               to
               shew
               us
               the
               form
               and
               manner
               of
               Instruction
               that
               every
               one
               made
               use
               of
               ,
               together
               with
               their
               Customs
               and
               Institutions
               ;
               declaring
               that
               the
               Gymnosophists
               and
               Druids
               uttered
               their
               Philosaphy
               in
               Riddles
               and
               obscure
               Problems
               ,
               exhorting
               Men
               to
               worship
               the
               Gods
               ,
               to
               do
               nothing
               that
               was
               Evil
               ,
               and
               to
               practise
               Fortitude
               .
               Clitarchus
               also
               in
               his
               twelfth
               Book
               asserts
               the
               first
               to
               have
               been
               great
               Contemners
               of
               Death
               :
               That
               the
               Chaldaeans
               wholly
               employ'd
               themselves
               in
               Astronomy
               and
               Predictions
               :
               That
               the
               Magi
               were
               attentive
               altogether
               upon
               the
               Ceremonies
               of
               Divine
               Worship
               ,
               Sacrifices
               and
               Prayers
               to
               the
               Gods
               ,
               as
               list'ning
               to
               none
               but
               only
               to
               themselves
               :
               They
               also
               discours'd
               of
               the
               Substance
               and
               Generation
               of
               the
               Gods
               ;
               which
               they
               affirm'd
               to
               be
               Fire
               ,
               Earth
               ,
               and
               Water
               ;
               condemning
               all
               manner
               of
               Images
               and
               Similitudes
               ;
               more
               especially
               those
               that
               asserted
               the
               Gods
               to
               be
               Male
               and
               Female
               .
               They
               taught
               
               also
               several
               things
               in
               reference
               to
               Justice
               ;
               accounting
               it
               impious
               to
               burn
               the
               Dead
               ,
               but
               held
               it
               a
               vertue
               to
               ly
               ▪
               with
               a
               Mother
               ,
               or
               a
               Daughter
               ,
               as
               Sotion
               relates
               in
               his
               Thirteenth
               Book
               .
               More
               than
               this
               ,
               they
               ▪
               practised
               Divination
               and
               Fortune-telling
               ,
               affirming
               not
               only
               that
               the
               Gods
               appeared
               to
               'em
               ,
               but
               that
               the
               Air
               was
               also
               full
               of
               Specters
               ,
               through
               the
               red●ndancy
               of
               mix'd
               and
               various
               Exhalations
               ,
               forming
               themselves
               ,
               and
               piercing
               the
               Opticks
               of
               those
               that
               were
               sharp
               sighted
               .
               However
               they
               forbid
               external
               Worship
               ,
               and
               the
               use
               of
               Gold.
               Their
               Vestment's
               were
               white
               ;
               they
               lay
               upon
               the
               Ground
               ;
               their
               Food
               was
               only
               Herbs
               ,
               Bread
               and
               Cheese
               .
               Instead
               of
               Wands
               ,
               they
               made
               use
               of
               Reeds
               ,
               with
               the
               sharp
               ends
               of
               which
               they
               took
               up
               their
               Cheese
               ,
               and
               so
               put
               it
               to
               their
               mouths
               .
               But
               as
               for
               Incantation
               ,
               or
               Conjuration
               ,
               they
               understood
               it
               not
               ,
               as
               Aristotle
               testifies
               in
               his
               Magic
               ,
               and
               Dinon
               in
               his
               Fifth
               Book
               of
               History
               ;
               where
               the
               same
               Author
               observes
               that
               the
               name
               of
               Zoroastres
               ,
               being
               interpreted
               ,
               signifies
               a
               Worshipper
               of
               the
               Stars
               ;
               which
               Hermodorus
               also
               confirms
               .
               Moreover
               Aristotle
               ,
               in
               his
               First
               Book
               of
               Philosophy
               ,
               declares
               the
               Magi
               to
               have
               been
               more
               Ancient
               than
               the
               Egyptians
               ;
               and
               farther
               ,
               that
               they
               believ'd
               there
               were
               two
               Principles
               of
               all
               Things
               ,
               a
               Good
               ,
               and
               an
               Evil
               Daemon
               ;
               of
               which
               they
               call'd
               the
               first
               by
               the
               name
               of
               Jupiter
               ,
               and
               Oromasdes
               ;
               the
               other
               
               Hades
               and
               Arimanius
               ;
               which
               Hermippus
               also
               witnesses
               in
               his
               First
               Book
               of
               the
               
                 Magi
                 ;
                 Eudoxus
              
               in
               his
               Periodus
               ,
               and
               Theopompus
               likewise
               in
               his
               Eighth
               Book
               of
               Philippics
               .
               Which
               last
               Author
               farther
               declares
               it
               to
               have
               been
               the
               Opinion
               of
               the
               Magi
               ,
               that
               Men
               should
               rise
               again
               and
               be
               Immortal
               ,
               and
               that
               all
               Things
               subsisted
               by
               their
               Intercessions
               .
               Which
               Eudemus
               the
               Rhodian
               also
               relates
               .
               Hecataeus
               asserts
               ,
               That
               they
               believ'd
               the
               Gods
               to
               be
               begotten
               .
               Clearchus
               surnamed
               Solensis
               in
               his
               Book
               of
               Education
               affirms
               the
               Gymnosophists
               to
               have
               sprung
               from
               the
               Magi
               ;
               and
               some
               there
               are
               ,
               who
               derive
               the
               Jews
               from
               the
               same
               Original
               .
            
             
               Moreover
               ,
               they
               who
               write
               concerning
               the
               Magi
               condemn
               Herodotus
               ,
               denying
               that
               ever
               Xerxes
               darted
               his
               Javelins
               against
               the
               Sun
               ,
               or
               that
               he
               ever
               offer'd
               to
               fetter
               the
               Sea
               ,
               which
               by
               the
               Magi
               were
               both
               held
               for
               Deities
               ;
               but
               that
               their
               forbidding
               of
               Statues
               and
               Images
               might
               probably
               be
               true
               .
               However
               they
               grant
               the
               Philosophy
               of
               the
               Egyptians
               to
               be
               the
               same
               ,
               as
               well
               in
               reference
               to
               the
               Gods
               ,
               as
               to
               Justice
               ;
               and
               that
               they
               held
               Matter
               to
               be
               the
               Beginning
               of
               All
               things
               ;
               out
               of
               which
               they
               distinguish'd
               the
               four
               Elements
               ,
               and
               allowed
               the
               Production
               of
               several
               Creatures
               :
               That
               they
               worship'd
               the
               Sun
               and
               Moon
               for
               Gods
               ,
               the
               first
               by
               the
               name
               of
               Osiris
               ,
               the
               other
               by
               the
               name
               of
               Isis
               ,
               whose
               mysterious
               
               worship
               they
               conceal'd
               under
               the
               similitudes
               of
               Beetles
               ,
               Dragons
               ,
               Hawks
               ,
               and
               other
               Creatures
               ,
               according
               to
               Manethus
               in
               his
               Epitome
               of
               
                 Natural
                 Things
              
               ;
               and
               Hecataeus
               in
               his
               First
               Book
               of
               the
               Egyptian
               Philosophy
               :
               And
               farther
               ,
               that
               they
               erected
               Temples
               and
               Images
               ,
               because
               they
               understood
               not
               the
               Form
               of
               the
               Deity
               .
               That
               they
               believ'd
               the
               World
               to
               have
               had
               a
               Beginning
               ,
               to
               be
               Corruptible
               and
               Sphaerical
               ;
               that
               the
               Stars
               were
               of
               a
               fiery
               substance
               ,
               and
               that
               their
               temperate
               mixture
               produc'd
               all
               things
               upon
               Earth
               :
               That
               the
               Moon
               was
               Eclips'd
               by
               the
               shadow
               of
               the
               Terrestrial
               Globe
               :
               That
               the
               Soul
               was
               immortal
               ,
               and
               frequently
               ▪
               Transmigrated
               :
               That
               Rain
               was
               produc'd
               by
               the
               alteration
               of
               the
               Air
               ;
               with
               several
               other
               Philosophical
               Opinions
               and
               ▪
               Conjectures
               of
               the
               same
               nature
               ,
               as
               may
               be
               gather'd
               from
               Hecataeus
               and
               Aristagoras
               .
               They
               also
               constituted
               several
               Laws
               in
               reference
               to
               Justice
               ;
               the
               honour
               of
               all
               which
               they
               gave
               to
               Mercury
               :
               Also
               to
               several
               Creatures
               ,
               that
               were
               generally
               useful
               to
               Mankind
               ,
               they
               attributed
               Divine
               Worship
               :
               If
               we
               may
               credit
               their
               own
               Relations
               ,
               they
               boast
               themselves
               to
               have
               been
               the
               first
               inventors
               of
               
                 Geometry
                 ,
                 Astrology
              
               ,
               and
               Arithmetick
               .
               And
               thus
               much
               concerning
               the
               first
               invention
               of
               these
               things
               .
            
             
               But
               as
               to
               the
               Name
               of
               
                 Philosophy
                 ▪
                 Pythagoras
              
               was
               the
               first
               that
               call'd
               it
               so
               ;
               and
               
               assum'd
               to
               himself
               the
               Title
               of
               Philosopher
               ,
               when
               he
               disputed
               at
               Sicyon
               with
               the
               Tyrant
               of
               the
               Sicyonians
               ,
               or
               rather
               of
               the
               Phliasians
               ,
               according
               to
               Heraclides
               of
               Pontus
               ;
               for
               he
               would
               not
               allow
               any
               mortal
               Man
               to
               be
               truly
               wise
               but
               only
               God.
               Before
               that
               time
               ,
               Philosophy
               was
               call'd
               Sophia
               ,
               or
               Wisdom
               ;
               and
               he
               who
               profess'd
               it
               was
               dignify'd
               with
               the
               Title
               of
               Sophos
               or
               Wise
               ,
               as
               one
               that
               had
               reach'd
               the
               sublimest
               vertues
               of
               the
               Soul.
               Now
               more
               modestly
               he
               is
               called
               Philosophos
               ,
               an
               Embracer
               of
               Wisdom
               .
               Nevertheless
               Wise
               Men
               still
               retain
               the
               name
               of
               Sophists
               ;
               and
               not
               only
               they
               ,
               but
               the
               Poets
               also
               .
               For
               so
               Cratinus
               in
               Archelochus
               calls
               both
               Homer
               and
               Hesiod
               ,
               as
               the
               highest
               Encomium
               he
               could
               give
               those
               famous
               Authors
               .
            
             
               Now
               they
               who
               particularly
               obtain'd
               the
               more
               eminent
               Title
               of
               
                 Wise
                 Men
              
               were
               these
               that
               follow
               ;
               
                 Thales
                 ,
                 Solon
                 ,
                 Periander
                 ,
                 Cleobulus
                 ,
                 Chilo
                 ,
                 Bias
                 ,
              
               and
               Pittacus
               ;
               in
               which
               number
               there
               are
               some
               that
               reckn
               Anacharsis
               the
               
                 Scythian
                 ,
                 Myso
              
               the
               
                 Chenean
                 ,
                 Pherecydes
              
               the
               Syrian
               ,
               and
               Epimenides
               the
               Cretan
               ;
               and
               some
               others
               needs
               will
               also
               add
               Pisistratus
               the
               Tyrant
               .
               And
               these
               ●ere
               they
               whom
               Antiquity
               reverenc'd
               under
               the
               Title
               of
               
                 Wise
                 Men.
              
               
            
             
               As
               for
               Philosophy
               ,
               it
               is
               said
               to
               have
               had
               its
               first
               Foundations
               laid
               by
               two
               Persons
               of
               equal
               Fame
               ,
               Anaximander
               and
               Pythagoras
               ;
               
               the
               one
               the
               Scholar
               of
               Thales
               ,
               the
               other
               the
               Disciple
               of
               Pherecydes
               .
               By
               which
               means
               Philosophy
               being
               thus
               divided
               ,
               that
               which
               was
               founded
               by
               Anaximander
               was
               call'd
               the
               
                 Ionian
                 Philosophy
              
               ;
               in
               regard
               that
               Thales
               ,
               who
               was
               
               Anaximander's
               .
               Master
               ,
               was
               a
               Mylesian
               of
               Ionia
               .
               The
               other
               the
               
                 Italian
                 Philosophy
              
               ,
               because
               that
               Pythagoras
               who
               was
               the
               Author
               ,
               spent
               most
               of
               his
               time
               ,
               and
               publish'd
               his
               Philosophical
               Tenents
               in
               Italy
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 Ionian
                 Philosophy
              
               terminates
               in
               
                 Clitomachus
                 ,
                 Chrysippus
              
               and
               Theophrastus
               :
               the
               Italian
               with
               Epicurus
               .
               For
               to
               Thales
               succeeded
               Anaximander
               ;
               to
               
                 Anaximander
                 ,
                 Anaximenes
                 ;
                 Anaxagoras
              
               followed
               Anaximenes
               ;
               and
               Archelaus
               follow'd
               Anaxagoras
               ;
               after
               whom
               came
               Socrates
               ,
               who
               was
               the
               first
               that
               invented
               Ethics
               ;
               to
               whom
               among
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Socratics
               ,
               in
               the
               first
               place
               succeeded
               Plato
               ,
               who
               founded
               the
               
                 Ancient
                 Academy
              
               .
               To
               him
               succeeded
               Speusippus
               and
               Xenocrates
               ;
               to
               them
               Polemon
               ;
               to
               
                 Polemon
                 Crantor
              
               and
               Crates
               .
               Then
               followed
               Archelaus
               ,
               the
               Author
               of
               the
               
                 Middlemost
                 Academy
              
               ;
               and
               his
               Successor
               was
               Lacydes
               ,
               who
               instituted
               the
               
                 New
                 Academy
              
               .
               After
               Lacydes
               flourish'd
               Carneades
               ,
               succeded
               by
               Clitomachus
               .
               Thus
               the
               
                 Ionian
                 Philosophy
              
               terminated
               with
               Clitomachus
               ;
               but
               with
               Chrysippus
               in
               this
               manner
               :
               To
               Socrates
               succeeded
               Antisthenes
               ;
               to
               
                 Antisthenes
                 ,
                 Diogenes
              
               
               the
               Cynic
               ;
               to
               him
               Crates
               the
               Theban
               ;
               to
               
                 Crates
                 ,
                 Zeno
              
               the
               Cittian
               ;
               after
               Zeno
               came
               Cleanthes
               ,
               and
               after
               him
               in
               the
               rear
               of
               all
               Chrysippus
               .
               In
               Theophrastus
               it
               thus
               concluded
               .
               To
               Plato
               succeeded
               Aristotle
               ,
               to
               
                 Aristotle
                 Theophrastus
              
               .
               And
               thus
               ended
               the
               
                 Ionic
                 Philosophy
              
               .
            
             
               The
               Series
               of
               the
               
                 Italian
                 Philosophy
              
               was
               this
               :
               Pythagoras
               succeeded
               Pherecydes
               ;
               to
               him
               his
               Son
               Telauges
               ,
               to
               whom
               Xenophanes
               ;
               to
               him
               Parmenides
               ,
               to
               whom
               Zeno
               of
               Eleate
               ;
               to
               
                 Zeno
                 ,
                 Leucippus
              
               ;
               to
               
                 Leucippus
                 Democritus
              
               .
               After
               Democritus
               followed
               several
               ,
               and
               among
               the
               rest
               Nausiphanes
               and
               Naucydes
               became
               most
               Celebrated
               ;
               and
               were
               next
               in
               order
               succeeded
               by
               Epicurus
               .
            
             
               Now
               to
               distinguish
               these
               Philosophers
               generally
               into
               two
               sorts
               ;
               some
               were
               Dogmatical
               ,
               who
               determin'd
               of
               Things
               ,
               as
               fully
               comprehended
               and
               understood
               .
               Others
               Ephectic
               ,
               who
               doubted
               of
               every
               thing
               ,
               and
               pretended
               to
               understand
               nothing
               .
               Of
               the
               one
               ,
               the
               most
               part
               have
               left
               behind
               'em
               several
               Monuments
               of
               their
               Ingenuity
               :
               others
               have
               writ
               nothing
               at
               all
               .
               In
               which
               number
               ,
               as
               some
               will
               have
               it
               ,
               are
               
                 Socrates
                 ,
                 Stilpo
                 ,
                 Philip
                 ,
                 Menedemus
                 ,
                 Pyrrho
                 ,
                 Theodorus
                 ,
                 Carneades
                 ,
              
               and
               Bryso
               ;
               and
               some
               there
               are
               who
               will
               allow
               neither
               Pythagoras
               ,
               nor
               Aristo
               the
               Chyan
               ,
               to
               have
               publish'd
               any
               more
               than
               some
               few
               Epistles
               .
            
             
             
               Others
               there
               are
               famous
               only
               for
               some
               particular
               Treatises
               ;
               as
               
                 Melissus
                 ,
                 Parmenides
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Anaxagoras
                 .
                 Zeno
              
               wrote
               much
               ;
               more
               than
               he
               
                 Zenophanes
                 :
                 Democritus
              
               more
               than
               they
               .
               Aristotle
               exceeded
               him
               ;
               more
               than
               he
               wrote
               Epicurus
               ,
               but
               most
               of
               all
               Chrysippus
               .
            
             
               Others
               of
               these
               Philosophers
               were
               distinguish'd
               by
               their
               additional
               Names
               ;
               of
               which
               some
               were
               given
               'em
               from
               the
               place
               of
               their
               Birth
               :
               as
               of
               
                 Elia
                 ,
                 Megara
                 ,
                 Eretricum
                 ,
                 Cyrenae
                 .
              
               Others
               from
               the
               places
               where
               they
               kept
               their
               Exercises
               ,
               as
               the
               Academics
               and
               Stoicks
               .
               Some
               from
               Custom
               and
               Habit
               ,
               as
               the
               Peripateticks
               .
               Others
               in
               Derision
               ,
               as
               the
               Cynics
               .
               Others
               from
               the
               Effect
               ,
               as
               Eudaemonics
               .
               Others
               from
               their
               Pride
               and
               Vain-glory
               ,
               such
               were
               they
               that
               call'd
               themselves
               
                 Lovers
                 of
                 Truth
              
               ,
               and
               Eclectici
               ,
               as
               pretending
               only
               ,
               like
               Bees
               ,
               to
               suck
               the
               flowers
               of
               Philosophy
               .
               Others
               had
               their
               Additions
               from
               their
               Instructors
               and
               Teachers
               ,
               as
               the
               Socratics
               and
               Epicureans
               .
               Some
               ,
               for
               that
               they
               ▪
               wrote
               of
               the
               nature
               of
               Things
               ,
               were
               call'd
               Naturalists
               :
               Others
               ,
               because
               they
               taught
               nothing
               but
               what
               concern'd
               Manners
               and
               Breeding
               ,
               were
               call'd
               Ethici
               :
               And
               Dialectici
               ,
               they
               who
               busied
               themselves
               only
               about
               the
               Subtleties
               and
               Niceties
               of
               Words
               and
               Arguments
               .
            
             
               The
               Parts
               of
               Philosophy
               are
               three
               ;
               Natural
               Philosophy
               ,
               or
               Physics
               ,
               Ethics
               ,
               and
               Logic
               .
               
               Physics
               properly
               treat
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               and
               the
               things
               therein
               contain'd
               .
               Ethics
               discourse
               of
               the
               management
               of
               our
               Lives
               both
               in
               Civil
               and
               Political
               Affairs
               :
               And
               Logic
               furnishes
               both
               with
               Arguments
               and
               Reasons
               .
               Till
               the
               time
               of
               Archelaus
               ,
               Physics
               flourish'd
               alone
               .
               From
               Socrates
               Ethics
               had
               their
               beginning
               .
               And
               Zeno
               of
               Elea
               ,
               was
               the
               first
               that
               reduc'd
               Logic
               into
               Form.
               Of
               Ethic
               Philosophers
               there
               were
               no
               less
               than
               ten
               Sects
               ,
               the
               
                 Academic
                 ,
                 Cyrenaic
                 ,
                 Elean
                 ,
                 Megaric
                 ,
                 Cynic
                 ,
                 Eretric
                 ,
                 Dialectical
                 ,
                 Peripatetic
                 ,
                 Stoic
                 ,
              
               and
               Epicurean
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Ancient
               Academy
               Plato
               was
               the
               chief
               :
               of
               the
               Middlemost
               ,
               Arcesilaus
               :
               and
               of
               the
               New
               Academy
               ,
               Lacides
               .
               Of
               the
               Cyrenean
               Sect
               Aristippus
               of
               Cyrene
               was
               the
               Head
               :
               of
               the
               
                 Elean
                 ,
                 Phaedon
              
               of
               Elea
               :
               of
               the
               
                 Megaric
                 ,
                 Euclid
              
               of
               Elea
               :
               of
               the
               
                 Cynic
                 ,
                 Antisthenes
              
               of
               Athens
               :
               of
               the
               
                 Eretric
                 ,
                 Menedemus
              
               of
               Eretria
               :
               of
               the
               
                 Dialectic
                 ,
                 Clitomachus
              
               the
               Chalcedonian
               :
               of
               the
               
                 Peripatetic
                 ,
                 Aristotle
              
               the
               Stagerite
               :
               of
               the
               
                 Stoic
                 ,
                 Zeno
              
               the
               Cittian
               :
               and
               the
               Epicurean
               from
               Epicurus
               ,
               who
               was
               the
               first
               Founder
               .
               However
               Hippobotus
               in
               his
               Treatise
               of
               the
               Philosophical
               Sects
               ,
               denies
               there
               were
               any
               more
               than
               nine
               Sects
               ,
               or
               Institutions
               ;
               and
               places
               the
               Megaric
               first
               ,
               the
               Eretric
               next
               :
               the
               third
               place
               he
               assigns
               to
               the
               Cyrenaic
               ;
               the
               fourth
               to
               the
               Epicurean
               ;
               the
               fifth
               
               to
               the
               Annicerean
               ;
               the
               sixth
               to
               the
               Theodorean
               :
               in
               the
               seventh
               place
               he
               ranks
               the
               Zenonian
               ;
               in
               the
               eighth
               the
               Old
               Academy
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               ninth
               the
               Peripatetic
               :
               Nor
               does
               he
               make
               any
               mention
               of
               the
               Cynic
               ,
               the
               Elean
               ,
               or
               the
               Dialectic
               .
               As
               for
               the
               Pyrrhonian
               ,
               it
               is
               rejected
               by
               most
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               its
               Obscurity
               .
               Yet
               some
               allow
               it
               to
               be
               partly
               a
               Sect
               ,
               and
               partly
               not
               ;
               as
               seeming
               to
               be
               a
               kind
               of
               a
               Sect.
               For
               ,
               say
               they
               ,
               we
               call
               that
               a
               Sect
               which
               either
               follows
               or
               pretends
               to
               follow
               some
               sort
               of
               Reason
               ,
               according
               to
               outward
               appearance
               .
               In
               which
               sense
               it
               may
               not
               improperly
               ▪
               be
               call'd
               a
               Sceptic
               Sect.
               But
               if
               we
               may
               call
               a
               Sect
               ,
               a
               propensity
               to
               adhere
               to
               Opinions
               that
               have
               some
               congruency
               one
               with
               another
               ,
               it
               cannot
               be
               call'd
               a
               Sect
               ,
               in
               regard
               it
               has
               no
               Opinions
               or
               Determinations
               belonging
               to
               it
               .
               And
               thus
               much
               in
               few
               words
               concerning
               the
               Beginning
               ,
               the
               Increase
               ,
               the
               Parts
               and
               Sects
               of
               Philosophy
               .
               Although
               it
               is
               not
               long
               since
               ,
               that
               another
               Sect
               ,
               which
               is
               calld
               the
               Eclectic
               ,
               has
               been
               started
               among
               the
               learned
               by
               Potamo
               of
               Alexandria
               ,
               which
               pretends
               to
               cull
               the
               flowers
               of
               all
               the
               other
               Sects
               ;
               and
               whatever
               seems
               most
               pleasing
               to
               their
               fancies
               .
               For
               ,
               as
               he
               says
               himself
               in
               his
               Rudiments
               ,
               there
               ought
               to
               be
               a
               twofold
               Examination
               of
               Truth
               ;
               one
               ,
               from
               whence
               we
               should
               make
               our
               judgment
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               Principal
               ;
               and
               the
               other
               by
               which
               we
               should
               make
               the
               same
               judgment
               ;
               
               which
               consists
               in
               the
               force
               and
               exactness
               of
               Ratiocination
               and
               Fancy
               .
               And
               upon
               the
               strength
               of
               these
               scrutinies
               he
               asserts
               Matter
               ,
               Quality
               ,
               Action
               and
               Place
               to
               be
               the
               Beginnings
               of
               All
               things
               ;
               that
               is
               ,
               
                 of
                 what
              
               ,
               and
               
                 from
                 what
                 ;
                 where
              
               and
               wherein
               .
               The
               End
               also
               to
               which
               all
               things
               are
               refer'd
               he
               affirms
               to
               be
               a
               life
               perfect
               in
               all
               Vertue
               ,
               not
               without
               some
               natural
               and
               external
               Felicities
               of
               the
               Body
               .
               But
               we
               are
               now
               to
               give
               an
               Account
               of
               the
               Men
               themselves
               ;
               and
               of
               Thales
               in
               the
               first
               Place
               .
            
          
           
             
             
             
               THE
               LIFE
               of
               THALES
               .
            
             
               THALES
               therefore
               (
               as
               
                 Herodotus
                 ,
                 Doris
              
               ,
               and
               Democritus
               concurringly
               report
               )
               was
               of
               a
               noble
               Extraction
               ;
               having
               for
               his
               Father
               Examius
               ,
               for
               his
               Mother
               Cleobulina
               ,
               both
               of
               the
               Family
               of
               the
               Thelidae
               ,
               the
               most
               illustrious
               among
               the
               Phoenicians
               ;
               being
               descended
               from
               Cadmus
               and
               Agenor
               ,
               as
               Plato
               testifies
               ;
               and
               he
               first
               obtain'd
               the
               Title
               of
               Wise
               ,
               at
               what
               time
               Damasius
               rul'd
               as
               Prince
               in
               Athens
               :
               During
               whose
               Government
               ,
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               
                 Wise
                 Men
              
               were
               dignified
               with
               the
               same
               Appellation
               ,
               as
               
                 Demetrius
                 Phalareus
              
               relates
               in
               his
               Epitome
               of
               the
               
                 Athenian
                 Archontes
              
               .
               He
               was
               made
               free
               of
               the
               City
               of
               Miletum
               ,
               whither
               he
               accompany'd
               Neleus
               ,
               who
               was
               expell'd
               his
               native
               Country
               Phoenicia
               .
               But
               as
               several
               others
               affirm
               ,
               he
               was
               a
               Milesian
               born
               ,
               yet
               still
               of
               a
               noble
               Descent
               .
               Where
               after
               he
               had
               manag'd
               the
               Public
               Affairs
               for
               some
               time
               ,
               he
               betook
               himself
               to
               the
               Contemplation
               of
               Nature
               ;
               though
               most
               agree
               ,
               that
               he
               never
               left
               any
               Monument
               of
               his
               Industry
               behind
               him
               .
               For
               that
               same
               Treatise
               of
               
                 Naval
                 Astrology
              
               ,
               
               reputed
               to
               be
               his
               ,
               is
               more
               probably
               aver'd
               to
               be
               the
               work
               of
               Phocus
               the
               Samian
               .
               Yet
               Callimachus
               makes
               him
               so
               skilful
               in
               the
               Heavens
               ,
               as
               to
               have
               found
               out
               the
               
                 Lesser
                 Bear
              
               ,
               by
               which
               means
               the
               Phoenicians
               became
               such
               exquisite
               Saylors
               .
               His
               Iambics
               are
               these
               :
               
                 
                   He
                   first
                   descry'd
                   the
                   Northern
                   Team
                   of
                   Stars
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   draw
                   the
                   Artic
                   Wain
                   about
                   the
                   Pole
                   ,
                
                 
                   By
                   which
                   Phoenician
                   Pilot
                   fearless
                   dares
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   steer
                   through
                   pathless
                   Seas
                   ,
                   without
                   controule
                   .
                
              
            
             
               But
               ,
               as
               others
               say
               ,
               he
               only
               wrote
               two
               Treatises
               concerning
               the
               Tropic
               and
               the
               Equinoctial
               ,
               believing
               it
               no
               difficult
               thing
               to
               apprehend
               the
               rest
               .
               However
               most
               allow
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               the
               first
               that
               div'd
               into
               the
               Mysteries
               of
               Astrology
               ,
               and
               foretold
               the
               Eclipses
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               as
               Eudemus
               declares
               in
               his
               
                 History
                 of
                 Astrology
              
               ;
               which
               was
               the
               reason
               that
               Zenophanes
               and
               Herodotus
               so
               much
               admir'd
               him
               ;
               besides
               that
               Heraclitus
               and
               Democritus
               testifie
               the
               same
               thing
               .
               Some
               there
               are
               who
               affirm
               him
               to
               be
               the
               first
               who
               held
               the
               Immortality
               of
               the
               Soul
               ;
               of
               which
               number
               is
               Choerilus
               the
               Poet.
               As
               others
               report
               ,
               he
               was
               the
               first
               that
               found
               out
               the
               course
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               
               from
               Tropic
               to
               Tropic
               ;
               and
               comparing
               the
               Orb
               of
               the
               Moon
               with
               that
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               discover'd
               the
               one
               to
               be
               no
               more
               than
               the
               seven
               hundred
               and
               twentieth
               Part
               of
               the
               other
               .
               He
               was
               also
               the
               first
               that
               limited
               the
               Month
               to
               thirty
               days
               .
               He
               was
               likewise
               the
               first
               that
               discours'd
               of
               nature
               ,
               as
               some
               affirm
               .
               Moreover
               Aristotle
               and
               Hippias
               testify
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               the
               first
               who
               taught
               ,
               that
               inanimate
               Things
               were
               endu'd
               with
               Souls
               ,
               which
               he
               prov'd
               from
               the
               Vertues
               of
               the
               Magnet
               and
               Amber
               .
               Having
               learnt
               the
               Art
               of
               Geometry
               among
               the
               Egyptians
               ,
               he
               was
               the
               first
               that
               invented
               the
               Rightangl'd
               Triangle
               of
               a
               Circle
               ,
               for
               which
               he
               offer'd
               an
               Ox
               in
               Sacrifice
               ;
               according
               to
               the
               relation
               of
               Pamphilus
               ;
               though
               others
               attribute
               that
               invention
               to
               Pythagoras
               ,
               and
               among
               the
               rest
               Apollodorus
               the
               Accomptant
               .
               And
               if
               it
               were
               true
               what
               Callimachus
               vouches
               in
               his
               Iambics
               ,
               that
               Euphorbus
               the
               Phrygian
               invented
               the
               Scalenum
               ,
               and
               Trigonum
               ,
               with
               many
               other
               things
               relating
               to
               the
               Speculation
               of
               Lines
               ,
               as
               certain
               it
               is
               that
               Thales
               gave
               much
               more
               light
               to
               that
               sort
               of
               Theory
               by
               many
               Additions
               of
               his
               own
               .
            
             
               As
               to
               what
               concern'd
               Affairs
               of
               State
               ,
               apparent
               it
               is
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               a
               most
               prudent
               Counsellor
               ;
               for
               when
               Croesus
               sent
               to
               make
               a
               League
               with
               the
               Milesians
               ,
               he
               oppos'd
               
               it
               with
               all
               his
               might
               ;
               which
               afterwards
               ,
               when
               Cyrus
               obtain'd
               the
               Victory
               ,
               prov'd
               the
               preservation
               of
               the
               City
               .
               Heraclides
               reports
               him
               greatly
               addicted
               to
               a
               solitary
               and
               private
               Life
               .
               Some
               there
               are
               who
               say
               he
               was
               marry'd
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               had
               a
               Son
               ,
               whom
               he
               call'd
               Cibissus
               :
               But
               others
               affirm
               that
               he
               persevered
               a
               Batchelor
               ,
               and
               made
               his
               Sisters
               Son
               his
               Heir
               by
               Adoption
               .
               Insomuch
               that
               being
               demanded
               why
               he
               took
               no
               care
               to
               leave
               Off-spring
               behind
               him
               ?
               His
               reply
               was
               ,
               
                 because
                 he
                 lov'd
                 his
                 Children
                 too
                 well
                 .
              
               At
               another
               time
               his
               Mother
               pressing
               him
               to
               marry
               ,
               he
               answer'd
               ,
               
                 It
                 was
                 too
                 soon
              
               :
               Afterwards
               ,
               when
               he
               grew
               in
               years
               ,
               his
               Mother
               still
               urg'd
               him
               to
               Matrimony
               with
               greater
               importunity
               ,
               he
               told
               her
               ,
               
                 't
                 was
                 then
                 too
                 late
              
               .
            
             
               Hieronymus
               the
               Rhodian
               in
               his
               second
               Book
               of
               Memorandums
               ,
               relates
               ,
               how
               that
               being
               desirous
               to
               shew
               how
               easie
               it
               was
               to
               grow
               rich
               ,
               foreseeing
               the
               great
               plenty
               of
               Oyl
               that
               would
               happen
               the
               next
               year
               ,
               he
               farm'd
               all
               the
               Plantations
               of
               Olives
               round
               about
               ,
               and
               by
               that
               means
               gain'd
               a
               vast
               summ
               of
               money
               .
            
             
               He
               affirm'd
               that
               Water
               was
               the
               Beginning
               of
               all
               things
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               World
               was
               a
               Living
               Creature
               full
               of
               Spirits
               and
               Daemons
               .
               He
               also
               distinguish'd
               the
               Seasons
               of
               the
               Year
               ,
               which
               he
               divided
               into
               three
               
               hundred
               sixty
               five
               Days
               .
               Nor
               had
               he
               any
               person
               to
               instruct
               him
               ;
               only
               while
               he
               continu'd
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               he
               held
               a
               strict
               familiarity
               with
               the
               Priests
               of
               that
               Country
               .
               The
               same
               Hieronymus
               relates
               ,
               That
               he
               measur'd
               the
               Pyramids
               ,
               by
               observing
               the
               shadows
               at
               what
               time
               they
               seem'd
               not
               to
               exceed
               human
               Proportion
               .
               As
               Minyes
               relates
               ,
               he
               liv'd
               with
               Thrasybulus
               ,
               Tyrant
               of
               the
               Milesians
               .
               As
               for
               what
               is
               recorded
               concerning
               the
               Tripos
               found
               out
               by
               the
               Fishermen
               ,
               and
               sent
               to
               the
               
                 Wise
                 Men
              
               by
               the
               Milesians
               ,
               it
               still
               remains
               an
               undoubted
               Truth
               .
               For
               they
               say
               ,
               that
               certain
               Ionian
               young
               Gentlemen
               having
               bought
               of
               the
               Milesian
               Fishermen
               a
               single
               Cast
               of
               a
               Net
               ,
               so
               soon
               as
               the
               Net
               was
               drawn
               up
               ,
               and
               the
               Tripos
               appear'd
               ,
               a
               quarrel
               arose
               ,
               which
               could
               by
               no
               means
               be
               pacify'd
               ,
               till
               the
               Milesians
               sending
               to
               Delphos
               ,
               had
               this
               Answer
               return
               ▪
               d
               by
               the
               Goddess
               :
               
                 
                   Is
                   't
                   your
                   Desire
                   ,
                   Milesian
                   youth
                   ,
                   to
                   know
                
                 
                   How
                   you
                   the
                   Golden
                   Tripos
                   must
                   bestow
                   ?
                
                 
                   Return
                   ,
                   and
                   say
                   what
                   Phoebus
                   here
                   reveals
                   ;
                
                 
                   Give
                   it
                   to
                   Him
                   in
                   wisdom
                   that
                   excells
                   .
                
              
            
             
               They
               give
               it
               therefore
               to
               Thales
               ;
               he
               to
               another
               ;
               the
               other
               to
               a
               third
               ,
               until
               it
               came
               to
               Solon
               :
               Who
               saying
               that
               only
               God
               excell'd
               in
               Wisdom
               ,
               advis
               ▪
               d
               that
               it
               should
               
               be
               forthwith
               sent
               to
               the
               Temple
               of
               Delphos
               .
               This
               story
               Callimachus
               relates
               another
               way
               ,
               as
               he
               had
               it
               from
               Leander
               the
               Milesian
               ;
               how
               that
               a
               certain
               Arcadian
               ,
               whose
               name
               was
               Bathycles
               bequeath'd
               a
               Bottle
               of
               Gold
               to
               be
               given
               to
               the
               chiefest
               of
               the
               
                 Wise
                 Men
              
               :
               Which
               was
               accordingly
               given
               to
               Thales
               ,
               and
               so
               from
               one
               to
               another
               ,
               till
               it
               came
               to
               
                 Thales
                 ▪
              
               again
               ;
               who
               thereupon
               sent
               it
               to
               
                 Didymean
                 Apollo
              
               ,
               with
               this
               Inscription
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               words
               of
               Callimachus
               .
               
                 
                   Me
                   Thales
                   sends
                   to
                   Sacred
                   Nilean
                   King
                   ,
                
                 
                   Twice
                   to
                   him
                   fell
                   the
                   Grecian
                   Offering
                   .
                
              
            
             
               But
               the
               Prose
               ran
               thus
               .
               Thales
               the
               Milesian
               ,
               Son
               of
               Examius
               ,
               to
               
                 Delphinian
                 Apollo
              
               ,
               twice
               receiving
               the
               Guerdon
               of
               the
               Greeks
               .
               And
               Eleusis
               in
               his
               Book
               of
               Achilles
               farther
               tells
               us
               ,
               That
               the
               person
               entrusted
               to
               carry
               the
               Present
               from
               one
               
                 Wise
                 Man
              
               to
               the
               other
               ,
               being
               the
               Son
               of
               Bathycles
               ,
               was
               call'd
               by
               the
               name
               of
               Thyrio
               ,
               with
               whom
               Alexo
               the
               Myndian
               also
               agrees
               .
               However
               Eudemus
               the
               Gnidian
               ,
               and
               Evanthes
               the
               Milesian
               ,
               affirm
               ,
               That
               it
               was
               a
               certain
               friend
               of
               Croesus
               ,
               who
               receiv'd
               a
               Golden
               Cup
               from
               the
               King
               ,
               with
               a
               command
               to
               present
               it
               to
               the
               Wisest
               of
               the
               Greeks
               ;
               who
               gave
               it
               to
               Thales
               ,
               and
               so
               he
               went
               
               from
               one
               to
               another
               ,
               till
               he
               came
               to
               Chilo
               ;
               to
               whom
               ,
               when
               he
               sent
               to
               enquire
               of
               the
               Oracle
               ,
               who
               was
               wiser
               than
               himself
               ,
               it
               was
               answered
               ,
               Miso
               ;
               of
               whom
               more
               in
               due
               place
               .
               Which
               person
               Eudemus
               mistakes
               for
               Cleobulus
               ,
               and
               Plato
               will
               have
               to
               be
               Periander
               ;
               and
               concerning
               whom
               Apollo
               made
               this
               return
               to
               Anacharsis
               ,
               who
               was
               sent
               to
               consult
               the
               Oracle
               .
               
                 
                   OEtaean
                   Myso
                   ,
                   born
                   in
                   Chenes
                   ,
                   I
                   ,
                
                 
                   Beyond
                   thy
                   Fame
                   for
                   wisdom
                   magnifie
                   .
                
              
            
             
               On
               the
               other
               side
               Daedachus
               the
               Platonic
               ,
               and
               Clearchus
               affirm
               ,
               that
               the
               Golden
               Present
               was
               sent
               by
               Croesus
               to
               Pittacus
               ,
               and
               so
               from
               one
               to
               another
               ,
               till
               it
               came
               to
               Pittacus
               again
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               Andron
               in
               his
               Tripos
               relates
               ,
               That
               the
               Argives
               made
               a
               Tripos
               to
               be
               presented
               to
               the
               Wisest
               of
               the
               Greeks
               ,
               as
               the
               Guerdon
               of
               his
               Vertue
               ;
               and
               that
               Aristodemus
               the
               Spartan
               was
               adjudg'd
               the
               wisest
               Person
               ,
               who
               nevertheless
               submitted
               to
               
                 Chilo
                 .
                 Alceus
              
               also
               makes
               mention
               of
               Aristodemus
               ,
               ascribing
               to
               him
               that
               famous
               saying
               among
               the
               Spartans
               ,
               
                 
                   Wealth
                   makes
                   the
                   Man
                   ,
                   no
                   Poor
                   Man
                   can
                   be
                   good
                   .
                
              
            
             
             
               Some
               there
               are
               who
               relate
               a
               Story
               of
               a
               Ship
               ,
               full
               fraighted
               ,
               that
               was
               sent
               to
               Thrasybulus
               ,
               Tyrant
               of
               the
               Milesians
               ;
               which
               Vessel
               afterwards
               was
               Shipwrackt
               in
               the
               Coan
               Sea
               ,
               where
               the
               Tripos
               was
               afterwards
               found
               by
               certain
               Fisher-men
               ,
               as
               being
               part
               of
               the
               Lading
               .
               Though
               Phanodicus
               averrs
               the
               Tripos
               to
               have
               been
               found
               in
               the
               Attick
               Sea
               ,
               and
               brought
               to
               Athens
               ,
               where
               after
               long
               debate
               in
               a
               full
               Assembly
               ,
               it
               was
               decreed
               to
               be
               sent
               to
               Bias.
               Others
               say
               ,
               That
               it
               was
               the
               Workmanship
               of
               Vulcan
               himself
               ,
               by
               whom
               it
               was
               presented
               to
               Pelops
               on
               his
               wedding
               day
               :
               Afterwards
               it
               descended
               to
               Menelaus
               ,
               from
               whom
               it
               was
               violently
               taken
               away
               by
               Paris
               ,
               when
               he
               made
               the
               famous
               Rape
               upon
               Helena
               ,
               and
               by
               him
               thrown
               into
               the
               Coan
               Sea
               ,
               by
               the
               advice
               of
               a
               Lacedemonian
               Sibyl
               ,
               who
               foretold
               him
               it
               would
               prove
               the
               occasion
               of
               much
               Mischief
               and
               Contention
               .
               Some
               time
               after
               this
               certain
               of
               the
               Lebedians
               having
               bought
               the
               Cast
               of
               a
               Net
               ,
               the
               Tripos
               was
               drawn
               up
               ;
               upon
               which
               a
               Quarrel
               arising
               between
               the
               Purchasers
               and
               the
               Fisher-men
               ,
               both
               Parties
               came
               to
               a
               Hearing
               at
               Cos
               ;
               which
               proving
               ineffectual
               ,
               they
               appeal'd
               to
               Miletum
               ,
               the
               Metropolis
               of
               the
               Country
               .
               Thereupon
               Commissioners
               were
               sent
               by
               the
               Milesians
               to
               compose
               the
               Difference
               ,
               who
               nevertheless
               
               return'd
               without
               being
               able
               to
               do
               any
               good
               .
               Upon
               which
               ,
               the
               Milesians
               resenting
               the
               contempt
               of
               their
               Ambassadors
               ,
               resolv'd
               to
               revenge
               the
               Affront
               upon
               the
               Coans
               by
               force
               of
               Arms
               :
               in
               which
               contest
               ,
               after
               many
               had
               lost
               their
               lives
               on
               both
               sides
               ,
               it
               was
               decreed
               by
               the
               Oracle
               ,
               that
               the
               Tripos
               should
               be
               presented
               to
               the
               Person
               most
               famous
               at
               that
               time
               for
               his
               Wisdom
               .
               Immediately
               both
               parties
               agreed
               upon
               Thales
               ,
               who
               in
               a
               short
               time
               after
               consecrated
               the
               Present
               to
               
                 Didymaean
                 Apollo
              
               .
               The
               answer
               given
               to
               the
               Coans
               was
               this
               ,
               
                 
                   Between
                   th'
                   Ionians
                   and
                   the
                   Meropes
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   baneful
                   wast
                   of
                   War
                   shall
                   never
                   cease
                   ,
                
                 
                   Till
                   they
                   the
                   Tripos
                   ,
                   all
                   of
                   Massy
                   Gold
                   ,
                
                 
                   Into
                   the
                   Sea
                   by
                   Vulcan
                   thrown
                   of
                   old
                   ;
                
                 
                   Send
                   from
                   their
                   City
                   to
                   the
                   distant
                   Home
                
                 
                   Of
                   him
                   that
                   knows
                   things
                   past
                   ,
                   and
                   things
                   to
                   come
                   .
                
              
            
             
               The
               answer
               to
               the
               Milesians
               has
               been
               already
               recited
               ,
               and
               therefore
               we
               shall
               not
               repeat
               it
               again
               .
               And
               this
               is
               all
               that
               we
               can
               find
               remarkable
               concerning
               this
               same
               story
               of
               the
               Tripos
               .
            
             
               As
               to
               other
               things
               ,
               Hermippus
               in
               his
               Lives
               ,
               ascribes
               to
               Thales
               ,
               what
               is
               by
               others
               reported
               to
               have
               been
               the
               saying
               of
               Socrates
               ;
               
               That
               he
               gave
               thanks
               to
               Fortune
               chiefly
               for
               three
               things
               ;
               first
               ,
               That
               he
               was
               a
               Man
               ,
               and
               not
               a
               Beast
               ;
               secondly
               ,
               That
               he
               was
               a
               Man
               ,
               and
               not
               a
               Woman
               ;
               and
               thirdly
               ,
               That
               he
               was
               a
               Grecian
               ,
               not
               a
               Barbarian
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               farther
               reported
               ,
               how
               that
               going
               forth
               of
               his
               House
               one
               night
               to
               contemplate
               the
               Stars
               ,
               he
               fell
               into
               a
               Ditch
               ,
               not
               minding
               his
               way
               :
               Which
               an
               old
               Woman
               perceiving
               ,
               
                 Thou
                 art
                 like
                 ,
                 indeed
              
               ,
               Thales
               ,
               quoth
               she
               ,
               
                 to
                 discover
                 what
                 is
                 above
                 at
                 such
                 a
                 distance
                 in
                 the
                 Sky
                 ,
                 that
                 can'st
                 not
                 see
                 a
                 Ditch
                 just
                 before
                 thy
                 nose
                 .
              
               However
               it
               were
               ,
               most
               certain
               it
               is
               that
               he
               was
               highly
               industrious
               in
               the
               study
               of
               Astronomy
               ,
               as
               Timon
               well
               knew
               ,
               who
               gives
               him
               this
               Encomium
               in
               his
               Silli
               .
               
                 
                   Such
                   Thales
                   was
                   ,
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   wiser
                   Seav'n
                
                 
                   Best
                   skill'd
                   in
                   Wisdom
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Stars
                   of
                
                 
                   Heaven
                   .
                
              
            
             
               As
               for
               his
               Writings
               ,
               Lobon
               of
               Argos
               admits
               of
               two
               hundred
               Verses
               ,
               and
               no
               more
               ;
               and
               he
               adds
               farther
               ,
               that
               this
               Anagram
               was
               ingraved
               upon
               his
               Statue
               :
               
                 
                   This
                   Thales
                   is
                   ,
                   of
                   whom
                   Miletum
                   proud
                   ,
                
                 
                   Gave
                   him
                   a
                   Birth
                   above
                   the
                   common
                   Croud
                   ;
                
                 
                   Astrologer
                   most
                   Ancient
                   He
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                
                 
                   In
                   Wisdom
                   far
                   surpassing
                   other
                   Men.
                   
                
              
            
             
             
               There
               are
               also
               several
               celebrated
               Sentences
               that
               are
               generally
               said
               to
               be
               his
               ,
               and
               pass
               under
               his
               name
               ,
               without
               the
               least
               controul
               ;
               of
               which
               ,
               among
               the
               rest
               ,
               these
               are
               a
               small
               part
               :
               
                 Few
                 words
                 are
                 the
                 sign
                 of
                 a
                 Prudent
                 Judgment
                 .
                 Search
                 after
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 and
                 choose
                 what
                 is
                 most
                 worthy
                 ;
                 so
                 shalt
                 thou
                 stop
                 the
                 mouths
                 of
                 Slanderers
                 and
                 Tale-Bearers
                 .
              
            
             
               His
               Apothegms
               are
               reported
               to
               be
               these
               .
               
                 That
                 God
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 ancient
                 of
                 Beings
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 never
                 had
                 beginning
                 .
                 That
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 more
                 beautiful
                 than
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 as
                 being
                 made
                 by
                 God.
                 That
                 the
                 widest
                 thing
                 is
                 Place
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 contains
                 all
                 things
                 .
                 That
                 the
                 mind
                 is
                 the
                 swiftest
                 Thing
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 surveys
                 all
                 things
                 in
                 a
                 Moment
                 .
                 The
                 strongest
                 thing
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 overcomes
                 all
                 things
                 .
                 The
                 wisest
                 thing
                 Time
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 invents
                 and
                 discovers
                 all
                 things
                 .
              
               He
               affirm'd
               ,
               
                 That
                 Death
                 differ'd
                 nothing
                 from
                 Life
                 .
                 Why
                 then
                 ,
              
               said
               one
               to
               him
               ,
               
                 do
                 not
                 you
                 endeavour
                 to
                 dye
                 ?
                 Because
                 ,
              
               reply'd
               he
               ,
               
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 difference
                 between
                 either
                 .
              
               Being
               ask'd
               ,
               
                 Which
                 was
                 first
                 ,
                 the
                 Night
                 or
                 the
                 Day
                 ?
                 Night
                 ,
              
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 preceded
                 Day
              
               :
               One
               day
               before
               being
               ask'd
               ,
               
                 Whether
                 the
                 Crimes
                 of
                 bad
                 Men
                 were
                 conceal'd
                 from
                 the
                 Gods
                 ?
              
               He
               reply'd
               ,
               
                 No
                 ,
                 nor
                 their
                 thoughts
                 neither
                 .
              
               To
               an
               Adulterer
               who
               ask'd
               him
               ,
               
                 Whether
                 he
                 would
                 swear
                 that
                 he
                 never
                 committed
                 Adultery
              
               ;
               he
               made
               
               answer
               ,
               
                 Is
                 not
                 Perjury
                 worse
                 than
                 Adultery
                 ?
              
               Being
               ask'd
               ,
               
                 What
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 difficult
                 thing
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ?
              
               He
               reply'd
               ,
               
                 To
                 know
                 a
                 Man's
                 self
              
               .
               To
               ,
               
                 What
                 was
                 most
                 casie
              
               ?
               he
               made
               answer
               ,
               
                 To
                 admonish
                 another
              
               .
               To
               ,
               
                 What
                 was
                 most
                 Delectable
              
               ?
               He
               reply'd
               ,
               
                 To
                 Enjoy
              
               .
               To
               ,
               
                 What
                 was
                 God
              
               ?
               He
               answer'd
               ,
               
                 That
                 which
                 has
                 neither
                 beginning
                 nor
                 ending
                 .
              
               To
               ,
               
                 What
                 was
                 most
                 rarely
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 ?
              
               He
               reply'd
               ,
               
                 To
                 see
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 strick'n
                 in
                 years
                 .
              
               Being
               ask'd
               ,
               
                 How
                 a
                 Man
                 might
                 most
                 easily
                 brook
                 misfortune
                 ?
              
               He
               answer'd
               ,
               
                 If
                 he
                 saw
                 his
                 Enemies
                 in
                 a
                 worse
                 condition
                 .
              
               To
               the
               Question
               ,
               
                 How
                 to
                 live
                 most
                 justly
                 and
                 honestly
                 ?
              
               He
               answer'd
               ,
               
                 If
                 we
                 do
                 not
                 act
                 our selves
                 what
                 we
                 reprehend
                 in
                 others
                 .
              
               To
               the
               Question
               ,
               
                 Who
                 was
                 Happy
              
               ?
               He
               reply'd
               ,
               
                 He
                 that
                 was
                 healthy
                 in
                 Body
                 ,
                 wealthy
                 as
                 to
                 his
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 furnished
                 with
                 Parts
                 and
                 Learning
                 .
              
               He
               advis'd
               all
               Men
               to
               be
               equally
               mindful
               of
               their
               absent
               ,
               as
               present
               friends
               :
               Not
               to
               study
               the
               varnishing
               and
               beautifying
               of
               the
               Face
               ,
               but
               to
               embellish
               the
               mind
               with
               Learning
               and
               Vertue
               :
               not
               to
               seek
               Riches
               by
               unlawful
               Gains
               ;
               nor
               to
               
                 defend
                 an
                 accusation
                 against
                 many
                 Witnesses
                 of
                 equal
                 Credit
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 but
                 reason
                 ,
              
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 for
                 Parents
                 to
                 expect
                 the
                 same
                 Duties
                 from
                 their
                 Children
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 paid
                 to
                 their
                 Parents
                 .
              
               The
               overflowing
               of
               Nile
               he
               attributed
               to
               the
               Etesian
               Winds
               ,
               which
               always
               
               at
               that
               time
               blow
               hard
               against
               the
               mouth
               of
               the
               River
               .
            
             
               Apollodorns
               affirms
               in
               his
               Chronicles
               ,
               that
               Thales
               was
               born
               in
               the
               first
               year
               of
               the
               Thirty
               fifth
               Olympiad
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               dy'd
               in
               the
               Seventieth
               ,
               or
               rather
               in
               the
               Ninetieth
               year
               of
               his
               Age
               ,
               if
               we
               may
               believe
               Sosicrates
               ,
               who
               says
               that
               he
               deceased
               in
               the
               Eight
               and
               fiftieth
               Olympiad
               .
               Certain
               it
               is
               however
               ,
               that
               he
               liv'd
               in
               the
               time
               of
               Croesus
               ,
               to
               whom
               he
               promis'd
               ,
               that
               he
               should
               pass
               the
               River
               Halys
               without
               a
               Bridge
               ,
               by
               altering
               the
               course
               of
               the
               River
               .
               Demetrius
               the
               Magnesian
               acknowledges
               in
               his
               Homonyma
               ,
               that
               there
               were
               five
               more
               besides
               of
               the
               same
               name
               .
               The
               first
               ,
               a
               Kalantinian
               Rhetorician
               :
               The
               second
               ,
               a
               Sicyonian
               Painter
               :
               The
               third
               ,
               a
               Person
               of
               great
               Antiquity
               ,
               contemporary
               with
               
                 Homer
                 ,
                 Hesiod
              
               ,
               and
               Lycurgus
               :
               A
               fourth
               mentioned
               by
               Doris
               in
               his
               Treatise
               of
               Painting
               :
               The
               fifth
               much
               more
               modern
               ,
               and
               of
               less
               note
               ,
               of
               whom
               Dionysius
               in
               his
               Criticks
               makes
               mention
               .
               But
               to
               return
               to
               Thales
               the
               Wise
               ,
               we
               find
               ,
               as
               to
               the
               manner
               and
               cause
               of
               his
               Death
               ,
               that
               he
               dy'd
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               beholding
               a
               Publick
               Wrastling
               Match
               ,
               not
               able
               through
               old
               age
               to
               support
               the
               inconveniencies
               of
               Heat
               and
               Thirst
               .
               Which
               occasion'd
               the
               following
               Epigram
               to
               be
               engrav'd
               upon
               his
               Tomb.
               
               
                 
                 
                   Viewing
                   th'
                   Olympic
                   Wrestlers
                   ,
                   stout
                   and
                   strong
                   ,
                
                 
                   E●lian
                   Jove
                   withdrew
                   him
                   from
                   the
                   Throng
                   .
                
                 
                   Kind
                   Heav'n
                   ,
                   to
                   bring
                   him
                   nearer
                   ,
                   whose
                   dim
                   Eyes
                
                 
                   Had
                   lost
                   from
                   Earth
                   the
                   prospect
                   of
                   the
                   Skies
                   .
                
              
            
             
               This
               same
               Thales
               also
               was
               the
               Author
               of
               that
               Golden
               Sentence
               ,
               
                 Know
                 thy self
              
               ,
               which
               Antisthenes
               in
               his
               Successions
               ascribes
               to
               Phemonoes
               ,
               and
               which
               Chile
               also
               assum'd
               to
               himself
               .
            
             
               And
               here
               it
               will
               not
               be
               amiss
               to
               repeat
               what
               were
               the
               various
               and
               different
               Opinions
               of
               the
               Ancients
               concerning
               the
               seven
               
                 Wise
                 Men.
              
               For
               Damon
               the
               Cyrenean
               in
               the
               first
               place
               ,
               discoursing
               of
               the
               Philosophers
               ,
               arraigns
               'em
               All
               ,
               especially
               the
               
                 Seven
                 .
                 Anaximenes
              
               avers
               that
               they
               addicted
               themselves
               to
               the
               study
               of
               
                 Poetry
                 .
                 Dicaearchus
              
               denys
               'em
               to
               be
               either
               
                 Wise
                 Men
              
               ,
               or
               Philosophers
               ,
               but
               only
               certain
               Persons
               of
               good
               Natural
               Parts
               ,
               and
               Lawgivers
               .
               Archetimus
               of
               Syracuse
               has
               set
               down
               in
               writing
               their
               manner
               of
               meeting
               and
               discourse
               with
               Cypselus
               ,
               where
               ,
               he
               says
               ,
               he
               was
               present
               himself
               .
               And
               Euphorus
               relates
               ,
               how
               they
               all
               attended
               upon
               Croesus
               
               except
               only
               Thales
               .
               Some
               report
               that
               they
               met
               all
               together
               at
               Panionium
               ,
               at
               Corinth
               ,
               and
               Delphos
               ,
               and
               are
               so
               confident
               as
               to
               recite
               their
               Sentences
               ,
               and
               to
               distinguish
               the
               sayings
               of
               the
               one
               ,
               from
               those
               of
               the
               other
               .
               As
               for
               Example
               ,
               The
               
                 Spartan
                 Chilo
              
               ,
               say
               they
               ,
               
                 was
                 the
                 Wise
                 Man
                 who
                 uttered
                 the
                 Proverb
                 of
                 ,
              
               Nothing
               to
               Excess
               ;
               and
               that
               other
               ,
               
                 The
                 observance
                 of
                 Season
                 ,
                 and
                 Opportunity
                 produces
                 all
                 things
                 Great
                 and
                 Glorious
                 .
              
            
             
               In
               the
               next
               place
               ,
               they
               cannot
               agree
               about
               their
               Number
               .
               For
               Leandrius
               instead
               of
               Myso
               and
               Cleobulus
               inserts
               Leophantus
               the
               Ephesian
               ,
               and
               Epimenides
               of
               
                 Creet
                 .
                 Plato
              
               in
               his
               Protagoras
               ,
               puts
               Myso
               for
               
                 Periander
                 .
                 Euphorus
              
               advances
               Anacharsis
               instead
               of
               Myso
               :
               Others
               add
               Pythagoras
               .
               Moreover
               Dicaearchus
               will
               acknowledge
               no
               more
               than
               four
               Wise
               Men
               ,
               
                 Thales
                 ,
                 Bias
                 ,
                 Pittacus
              
               and
               Solon
               :
               Then
               he
               names
               six
               others
               ,
               out
               of
               which
               he
               chuses
               three
               ,
               
                 Aristodemus
                 ,
                 Pamphilus
              
               and
               Chilo
               the
               
                 Lacedaemonian
                 ,
                 Cleobulus
                 ,
                 Anacharsis
              
               ,
               and
               Periander
               :
               And
               some
               there
               are
               who
               also
               bring
               into
               the
               number
               Acusilaus
               ,
               and
               Cabas
               ,
               or
               Scabras
               of
               Argos
               .
               But
               then
               Hermippus
               in
               his
               History
               of
               the
               Wise
               Men
               ,
               musters
               up
               no
               less
               than
               Seventeen
               :
               out
               of
               which
               number
               others
               make
               choice
               of
               what
               seven
               they
               please
               .
               Now
               the
               whole
               Seventeen
               
               were
               
                 Solon
                 ,
                 Thales
                 ,
                 Pittacus
                 ,
                 Bias
                 ,
                 Chilo
                 ,
                 Cleobulus
                 ,
                 Periander
                 ,
                 Anacharsis
                 ,
                 Acusilaus
                 ,
                 Epimenides
                 ,
                 Leophantus
                 ,
                 Pherecycles
                 ,
                 Aristodemon
                 ,
                 Pythagoras
                 ,
                 Lasus
              
               the
               Son
               of
               Charmantida
               ,
               or
               Sisymbrinus
               ,
               or
               Chabrinus
               ,
               according
               to
               
                 Aristoxenus
                 ,
                 Hermioneus
              
               ,
               and
               Anaxagoras
               .
               Nor
               must
               we
               omit
               that
               Hippobatus
               observes
               another
               order
               in
               setting
               down
               their
               Names
               :
               For
               he
               places
               Orpheus
               first
               ,
               then
               Linus
               ,
               then
               
                 Solon
                 ,
                 Periander
                 ,
                 Anacharsis
                 ,
                 Cleobulus
                 ,
                 Myso
                 ,
                 Thales
                 ,
                 Byas
                 ,
                 Pittacus
                 ,
                 Epicharmus
                 ,
              
               and
               last
               of
               all
               Pythagoras
               .
               There
               are
               also
               the
               following
               Epistles
               ,
               which
               are
               publish'd
               abroad
               under
               the
               name
               of
               Thales
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   Thales
                   to
                   Pherecydes
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     I
                     Understand
                     thy
                     Design
                     to
                     be
                     the
                     first
                     among
                     the
                     Ionians
                     ,
                     that
                     ever
                     publish'd
                     to
                     the
                     Greeks
                     the
                     Mysteries
                     of
                     Divinity
                     .
                     Though
                     perhaps
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     more
                     proper
                     upon
                     second
                     thoughts
                     to
                     Communicate
                     thy
                     Writings
                     only
                     to
                     thy
                     Friends
                     ,
                     than
                     to
                     expose
                     to
                     the
                     vulgar
                     ,
                     what
                     to
                     them
                     will
                     be
                     of
                     no
                     use
                     or
                     advantage
                     .
                     Which
                     advice
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     prove
                     acceptable
                     to
                     thee
                     ,
                     I
                     should
                     be
                     willing
                     to
                     confer
                     with
                     thee
                     üpon
                     the
                     subjects
                     of
                     thy
                     discourse
                     .
                     To
                     which
                     purpose
                     ,
                     upon
                     the
                     least
                     encouragement
                     I
                     will
                     hasten
                     with
                     
                     all
                     imaginable
                     speed
                     to
                     give
                     thee
                     a
                     visit
                     .
                     For
                     neither
                     Solon
                     ,
                     nor
                     my self
                     ,
                     would
                     be
                     thought
                     to
                     be
                     so
                     indiscreet
                     or
                     unfriendly
                     ,
                     that
                     we
                     who
                     can
                     so
                     easily
                     make
                     Voyages
                     into
                     Creet
                     ,
                     and
                     Egypt
                     ,
                     to
                     converse
                     with
                     the
                     Priests
                     and
                     Astronomers
                     in
                     those
                     parts
                     ,
                     should
                     think
                     it
                     much
                     to
                     visit
                     thee
                     .
                     For
                     Solon
                     also
                     will
                     be
                     my
                     Companion
                     upon
                     the
                     least
                     intimation
                     from
                     thee
                     ;
                     well
                     knowing
                     that
                     thou
                     ,
                     delighted
                     with
                     the
                     pleasures
                     of
                     thy
                     own
                     abode
                     ,
                     little
                     car'st
                     to
                     change
                     it
                     for
                     Ionian
                     Air
                     ,
                     nor
                     desir'st
                     much
                     the
                     converse
                     of
                     Strangers
                     ;
                     only
                     as
                     I
                     am
                     apt
                     to
                     believe
                     ,
                     thou
                     mak'st
                     it
                     thy
                     business
                     to
                     study
                     close
                     ,
                     and
                     write
                     hard
                     .
                     But
                     as
                     for
                     us
                     that
                     trouble
                     not
                     our selves
                     with
                     writing
                     ,
                     our
                     leasure
                     will
                     more
                     readily
                     permit
                     us
                     to
                     travel
                     abroad
                     and
                     visit
                     both
                     Greece
                     and
                     Asia
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Farewell
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   Thales
                   to
                   Solon
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     IF
                     thou
                     leavest
                     Athens
                     ,
                     I
                     know
                     not
                     where
                     thou
                     canst
                     more
                     conveniently
                     settle
                     thy self
                     than
                     at
                     Miletum
                     ,
                     once
                     a
                     Colony
                     of
                     thy
                     own
                     Nation
                     ,
                     and
                     where
                     thou
                     may'st
                     be
                     certain
                     to
                     live
                     secure
                     .
                     If
                     it
                     offend
                     thee
                     that
                     we
                     are
                     under
                     a
                     Tyrannical
                     Government
                     (
                     for
                     I
                     know
                     
                     thou
                     art
                     an
                     Enemy
                     to
                     all
                     Tyrannies
                     )
                     yet
                     let
                     not
                     that
                     de●●r
                     thee
                     from
                     believing
                     ,
                     that
                     no
                     man
                     shall
                     live
                     more
                     to
                     his
                     satisfaction
                     with
                     us
                     and
                     our
                     friends
                     than
                     thy self
                     :
                     Bias
                     has
                     written
                     to
                     thee
                     to
                     make
                     choice
                     of
                     Prinna
                     ;
                     which
                     if
                     thou
                     shalt
                     think
                     more
                     convenient
                     to
                     do
                     ,
                     thither
                     also
                     will
                     we
                     hasten
                     to
                     attend
                     thee
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             
               THE
               LIFE
               of
               SOLON
               .
            
             
               SOLON
               a
               Salaminian
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Execestides
               ,
               was
               the
               first
               that
               introduc'd
               the
               Seisachthia
               into
               Athens
               .
               Which
               Seisachthia
               was
               the
               Redemption
               of
               Body
               and
               Possessions
               .
               For
               many
               people
               constrain'd
               by
               extremity
               of
               want
               ,
               pawn'd
               their
               very
               Bodies
               to
               the
               Bankers
               ,
               for
               which
               they
               paid
               interest
               .
               Seeing
               therefore
               that
               his
               Father
               had
               left
               him
               in
               money
               Seven
               Thousand
               Talents
               ,
               which
               were
               owing
               from
               several
               Men
               ,
               he
               presently
               remitted
               all
               those
               Debts
               ,
               and
               excited
               others
               to
               do
               the
               same
               by
               his
               Example
               ;
               and
               this
               Law
               was
               call'd
               Seisachthia
               .
               Whence
               it
               is
               manifest
               how
               it
               came
               to
               pass
               ,
               
               that
               after
               such
               a
               prosperous
               Beginning
               ,
               he
               so
               easily
               past
               his
               other
               Laws
               ,
               which
               it
               would
               be
               too
               tedious
               to
               recite
               ,
               besides
               that
               they
               are
               to
               be
               seen
               ,
               inscrib'd
               in
               the
               publick
               Tables
               of
               Wood.
               But
               the
               greatest
               act
               of
               his
               was
               this
               ,
               that
               when
               the
               Athenians
               and
               Megareans
               had
               fought
               even
               to
               the
               utter
               extirpation
               of
               each
               other
               ,
               about
               the
               claim
               which
               both
               laid
               to
               his
               native
               Country
               of
               Salamine
               ,
               and
               that
               after
               several
               overthrows
               of
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               it
               was
               generally
               decreed
               ,
               that
               it
               should
               be
               death
               for
               any
               Man
               to
               propose
               another
               Salaminian
               War
               ,
               Solon
               counterfeiting
               himself
               Mad
               ,
               with
               a
               Crown
               upon
               his
               head
               threw
               himself
               into
               the
               Market-place
               ;
               where
               the
               people
               being
               assembled
               together
               ,
               he
               caus'd
               the
               Cryer
               to
               read
               with
               a
               loud
               Voice
               certain
               Heroic
               Verses
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               compos'd
               in
               reference
               to
               the
               Grand
               Affair
               of
               Salamine
               ;
               which
               so
               enliven'd
               and
               animated
               the
               courage
               of
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               that
               they
               renewed
               the
               War
               with
               the
               Megareans
               ,
               and
               became
               Victorious
               by
               
               Solon's
               means
               .
               Now
               the
               Verses
               which
               most
               concern'd
               the
               Athenians
               were
               these
               ,
               
                 
                   Oh
                   that
                   some
                   Pholegandrian
                   I
                   had
                   been
                   ,
                
                 
                   Or
                   Sicenite
                   ,
                   and
                   never
                   had
                   been
                   seen
                
                 
                 
                   In
                   Athens
                   bred
                   ;
                   then
                   Fame
                   had
                   done
                   me
                   right
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   th'
                   Attick
                   shewn
                   ,
                   put
                   Megara
                   to
                   flight
                   .
                
              
            
             
               And
               soon
               after
               ,
               
                 
                   Then
                   haste
                   away
                   to
                   Salamine
                   amain
                   ,
                
                 
                   With
                   courage
                   warm'd
                   ,
                   lost
                   honour
                   to
                   regain
                   .
                
              
            
             
               He
               also
               perswaded
               the
               Athenians
               to
               lay
               claim
               to
               the
               
                 Thracian
                 Chersonese
              
               .
               And
               that
               they
               might
               not
               seem
               to
               possess
               the
               Island
               of
               Salamine
               by
               force
               ,
               but
               of
               right
               ,
               he
               caus'd
               several
               Graves
               to
               be
               open'd
               ,
               and
               shew'd
               the
               Athenians
               the
               Bodies
               of
               the
               dead
               lying
               with
               their
               Faces
               toward
               the
               East
               ,
               according
               to
               their
               custom
               of
               Burial
               ;
               and
               not
               only
               so
               ,
               but
               the
               Graves
               themselves
               made
               looking
               toward
               the
               Rising
               Sun
               ,
               and
               several
               Characters
               of
               names
               familiar
               to
               their
               Language
               engrav'd
               upon
               the
               Tombs
               ,
               which
               was
               another
               custom
               no
               less
               peculiar
               to
               the
               Athenians
               ;
               and
               which
               plainly
               evidenc'd
               their
               right
               by
               long
               Possession
               :
               And
               some
               there
               are
               who
               report
               ,
               that
               he
               added
               to
               
               Homer's
               Catalogue
               ,
               after
               this
               Verse
               ,
               
                 
                 
                   Twelve
                   Ships
                   from
                   Salamine
                   fam'd
                   Ajax
                   brought
                   ,
                
              
            
             
               This
               other
               Verse
               .
               
                 
                   Long
                   time
                   before
                   ,
                   the
                   brave
                   
                   Cecropian's
                   Lott
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Which
               so
               won
               the
               Affection
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               that
               they
               willingly
               would
               have
               submitted
               to
               his
               single
               Government
               .
               But
               he
               was
               so
               far
               from
               accepting
               it
               ,
               that
               when
               he
               perceiv'd
               the
               design
               of
               his
               Kinsman
               Pisistratus
               ,
               he
               oppos'd
               it
               to
               the
               utmost
               of
               his
               Power
               .
               To
               which
               purpose
               entring
               one
               of
               their
               Assemblies
               compleatly
               armed
               ,
               with
               his
               Buckler
               in
               his
               hand
               ,
               he
               discover'd
               the
               Treachery
               of
               Pisistratus
               ;
               and
               not
               only
               so
               ,
               but
               offer'd
               the
               People
               his
               Assistance
               .
               
                 Men
                 of
              
               Athens
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 am
                 wiser
                 than
                 some
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 couragious
                 than
                 others
                 :
                 Wiser
                 than
                 they
                 who
                 understand
                 not
                 the
                 falshood
                 of
              
               Pisistratus
               ;
               
                 more
                 couragious
                 than
                 they
                 who
                 know
                 it
                 ,
                 yet
                 never
                 op'n
                 their
                 Lips.
              
               Whereupon
               the
               Senate
               ,
               who
               were
               all
               of
               
               Pisistratus's
               Party
               ,
               cry'd
               out
               he
               was
               mad
               .
               Which
               put
               him
               into
               such
               a
               Passion
               ,
               that
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               ,
               in
               a
               Poetic
               Rapture
               ,
               he
               utter'd
               these
               Lines
               ,
               
                 
                   In
                   a
                   short
                   time
                   my
                   madness
                   will
                   appear
                   ,
                
                 
                   When
                   Truth
                   discovers
                   what
                   ye
                   will
                   not
                   hear
                   .
                
              
            
             
             
               Soon
               after
               upon
               the
               Tyranny
               of
               Pisistratus
               he
               compos'd
               the
               following
               Elegiacs
               .
               
                 
                   The
                   dusky
                   Clouds
                   pour
                   down
                   the
                   Hail
                   and
                   Snow
                   ,
                
                 
                   Through
                   brightest
                   flames
                   the
                   ratling
                   Thunder
                   breaks
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   Potent
                   Men
                   great
                   Common-wealths
                   o'rethrow
                   ,
                
                 
                   While
                   Fools
                   to
                   Tyrants
                   Feet
                   submit
                   their
                   Necks
                   .
                
              
            
             
               And
               now
               Pisistratus
               ,
               having
               obtain'd
               the
               Sovereign
               Power
               ,
               disdaining
               to
               yield
               him
               Obedience
               ,
               he
               went
               and
               hung
               up
               his
               useless
               Armour
               in
               the
               Palace
               of
               the
               chief
               Commander
               ;
               and
               after
               he
               had
               vented
               his
               indignation
               in
               this
               short
               Expression
               ,
               
                 O
                 Country
                 ,
                 I
                 did
                 my
                 utmost
                 to
                 assist
                 thee
                 both
                 in
                 word
                 and
                 deed
                 ,
              
               he
               sail'd
               into
               Egypt
               ,
               then
               to
               Cyprus
               ,
               and
               lastly
               went
               to
               visit
               the
               Court
               of
               Croesus
               ;
               who
               putting
               the
               Question
               to
               him
               ,
               
                 Whom
                 he
                 deem'd
                 to
                 be
                 happy
                 ?
              
               He
               reply'd
               ,
               Tellus
               the
               
                 Athenian
                 ,
                 Biton
              
               and
               Cleobis
               ,
               and
               several
               others
               that
               were
               among
               the
               number
               of
               the
               dead
               .
               Some
               report
               ,
               That
               when
               Croesus
               sitting
               upon
               his
               Throne
               in
               all
               his
               Royal
               Robes
               ,
               demanded
               of
               him
               ,
               
                 Whether
                 he
                 ever
                 saw
                 a
                 more
                 splendid
                 sight
                 ,
              
               he
               should
               make
               Answer
               ,
               
               
                 Yes
                 ,
                 Cocks
                 ,
                 Phesants
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Peacocks
                 ;
                 as
                 being
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 the
                 Beauty
                 and
                 Gallantry
                 of
                 Nature
                 it self
                 .
              
               Taking
               his
               leave
               of
               Croesus
               ,
               he
               travel'd
               into
               Cilicia
               ,
               where
               he
               built
               a
               City
               ,
               which
               he
               call'd
               by
               his
               own
               name
               Soli
               ,
               and
               peopl'd
               with
               several
               Athenians
               ,
               who
               in
               process
               of
               time
               corrupting
               their
               Native
               Language
               ,
               were
               from
               thence
               said
               to
               soloecise
               ;
               and
               their
               corruptions
               of
               pronunciation
               were
               call'd
               Soloecisms
               .
               Afterwards
               understanding
               that
               Pisistratus
               persisted
               in
               his
               Tyrannical
               Government
               ,
               he
               wrote
               to
               the
               Athenians
               the
               following
               Lines
               .
               
                 
                   If
                   for
                   your
                   folly
                   y'
                   have
                   severely
                   paid
                   ;
                
                 
                   Ne're
                   with
                   your
                   sufferings
                   the
                   just
                   Gods
                   upbraid
                   ;
                
                 
                   Your selves
                   abetted
                   and
                   assistance
                   gave
                
                 
                   To
                   those
                   that
                   now
                   a
                   sordid
                   Race
                   enslave
                   .
                
                 
                   Foxes
                   you
                   'd
                   be
                   ,
                   and
                   Foxes
                   counterfeit
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   yet
                   among
                   ye
                   not
                   one
                   Man
                   of
                   Wit.
                
                 
                   The
                   Man
                   's
                   fair
                   Tongue
                   ,
                   and
                   flattering
                   speech
                   you
                   mind
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   ne're
                   discern
                   what
                   's
                   by
                   the
                   Man
                   design'd
                   .
                
              
            
             
               On
               the
               other
               side
               Pisistratus
               understanding
               he
               was
               fled
               ,
               sent
               him
               this
               Epistle
               .
            
             
               
                 
                 
                   Pisistratus
                   to
                   Solon
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     NEither
                     am
                     I
                     the
                     only
                     Person
                     that
                     have
                     taken
                     upon
                     me
                     Sovereignty
                     among
                     the
                     Greeks
                     ;
                     nor
                     have
                     I
                     invaded
                     the
                     Government
                     ,
                     as
                     not
                     belonging
                     to
                     me
                     ,
                     since
                     I
                     am
                     descended
                     from
                     the
                     Codrian
                     Line
                     .
                     Therefore
                     I
                     only
                     re-assum'd
                     what
                     the
                     Athenians
                     swearing
                     to
                     confirm
                     to
                     Codrus
                     and
                     his
                     Race
                     ,
                     unjustly
                     afterwards
                     despoil'd
                     'em
                     of
                     :
                     Otherwise
                     than
                     thus
                     I
                     have
                     not
                     offended
                     either
                     the
                     Gods
                     or
                     Men.
                     But
                     as
                     thou
                     thy self
                     didst
                     establish
                     Laws
                     among
                     the
                     Athenians
                     ,
                     I
                     suffer
                     'em
                     still
                     to
                     be
                     in
                     force
                     .
                     And
                     I
                     question
                     not
                     but
                     that
                     they
                     will
                     be
                     better
                     observed
                     than
                     in
                     a
                     Democracy
                     .
                     For
                     I
                     suffer
                     no
                     injury
                     to
                     be
                     done
                     to
                     any
                     Man.
                     Nor
                     do
                     I
                     ,
                     the
                     Sovereign
                     ,
                     differ
                     from
                     the
                     common
                     sort
                     ,
                     but
                     only
                     in
                     Dignity
                     and
                     Honour
                     :
                     Content
                     with
                     those
                     Revenues
                     only
                     that
                     were
                     paid
                     to
                     my
                     Predecessors
                     .
                     Every
                     one
                     divides
                     the
                     Tenth
                     of
                     his
                     Lot
                     ,
                     not
                     for
                     my
                     share
                     ,
                     but
                     for
                     the
                     publick
                     Sacrifices
                     and
                     Expences
                     .
                     Nor
                     am
                     I
                     angry
                     with
                     thee
                     ,
                     for
                     detecting
                     my
                     design
                     ,
                     which
                     I
                     know
                     thou
                     didst
                     ,
                     rather
                     out
                     of
                     kindness
                     to
                     the
                     City
                     ,
                     than
                     hatred
                     of
                     me
                     ;
                     and
                     besides
                     ,
                     not
                     understanding
                     after
                     what
                     manner
                     I
                     intended
                     to
                     govern
                     .
                     
                     Which
                     hadst
                     thou
                     understood
                     ,
                     I
                     question
                     whether
                     thou
                     wouldst
                     have
                     oppos'd
                     me
                     ,
                     or
                     have
                     fled
                     from
                     hence
                     .
                     Return
                     therefore
                     to
                     thy
                     home
                     ,
                     out
                     of
                     an
                     assurance
                     from
                     me
                     ,
                     though
                     injur'd
                     ,
                     that
                     Solon
                     can
                     have
                     no
                     cause
                     to
                     fear
                     Pisistratus
                     .
                     Since
                     thou
                     can'st
                     not
                     but
                     know
                     ,
                     that
                     none
                     of
                     all
                     my
                     other
                     Enemies
                     have
                     suffer'd
                     .
                     So
                     that
                     if
                     thou
                     deem'st
                     my
                     friendship
                     worth
                     thy
                     acceptance
                     ,
                     I
                     promise
                     thee
                     the
                     chiefest
                     place
                     in
                     my
                     affection
                     ,
                     (
                     for
                     I
                     observe
                     nothing
                     in
                     thee
                     false
                     or
                     perfidious
                     )
                     or
                     if
                     otherwise
                     thou
                     desirest
                     to
                     live
                     a
                     private
                     life
                     in
                     Athens
                     ,
                     thou
                     shalt
                     have
                     free
                     leave
                     :
                     for
                     't
                     is
                     not
                     my
                     desire
                     thou
                     should'st
                     live
                     an
                     Exile
                     for
                     my
                     sake
                     .
                  
                   Thus
                   Pisistratus
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   was
                   that
                   great
                   Solon
                   ,
                   who
                   limited
                   the
                   bounds
                   of
                   Humane
                   Life
                   to
                   Eighty
                   years
                   ;
                   and
                   who
                   appears
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   a
                   most
                   famous
                   and
                   prudent
                   Lawgiver
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   most
                   nobly
                   enacted
                   ,
                   That
                   whoever
                   refus'd
                   to
                   provide
                   for
                   his
                   Parents
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   accounted
                   ignoble
                   and
                   worthless
                   .
                   The
                   same
                   was
                   the
                   punishment
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   wasted
                   their
                   Patrimony
                   .
                   Idle
                   persons
                   were
                   liable
                   to
                   the
                   prosecution
                   of
                   any
                   one
                   that
                   would
                   Indict
                   '
                   em
                   .
                   Which
                   Law
                   was
                   written
                   by
                   Draco
                   ,
                   as
                   Lysias
                   declares
                   in
                   his
                   Oration
                   against
                   Nicias
                   ,
                   but
                   enacted
                   by
                   
                   Solon
                   .
                   Persons
                   notoriously
                   debauch'd
                   and
                   wicked
                   ,
                   he
                   would
                   not
                   suffer
                   to
                   come
                   near
                   the
                   Tribunal
                   ,
                   and
                   expell'd
                   out
                   of
                   all
                   Assemblies
                   .
                   He
                   moderated
                   the
                   rewards
                   of
                   the
                   Wrestlers
                   ,
                   allowing
                   no
                   more
                   than
                   five
                   hundred
                   Drachmas
                   to
                   him
                   that
                   won
                   at
                   the
                   Olympic
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   hundred
                   for
                   the
                   Victor
                   at
                   the
                   Isthmian
                   Games
                   .
                   For
                   though
                   he
                   thought
                   it
                   not
                   amiss
                   to
                   abate
                   their
                   rewards
                   ,
                   yet
                   he
                   did
                   not
                   think
                   that
                   only
                   they
                   who
                   were
                   slain
                   in
                   Battel
                   were
                   to
                   be
                   recompenced
                   ;
                   whose
                   Children
                   however
                   he
                   ordered
                   to
                   be
                   provided
                   for
                   ,
                   and
                   brought
                   up
                   at
                   the
                   public
                   Charge
                   .
                   Which
                   encouraged
                   others
                   to
                   behave
                   themselves
                   bravely
                   and
                   couragiously
                   in
                   the
                   Wars
                   .
                   As
                   did
                   
                     Polyzelus
                     ,
                     Cynaegyrus
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   that
                   fought
                   at
                   the
                   Battle
                   of
                   Marathon
                   .
                   As
                   also
                   
                     Harmodius
                     ,
                     Aristogiton
                     ,
                     Miltiades
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   innumerable
                   .
                   But
                   these
                   Wrestlers
                   in
                   their
                   Exercises
                   were
                   extreamly
                   expensive
                   ,
                   and
                   being
                   Victors
                   no
                   less
                   noxious
                   to
                   the
                   Public
                   ,
                   and
                   were
                   Crown'd
                   rather
                   as
                   vanquishers
                   of
                   their
                   Country
                   ,
                   than
                   the
                   Public
                   Enemy
                   :
                   and
                   when
                   they
                   grew
                   old
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   Euripides
                   ,
                   
                     
                       They
                       crept
                       about
                       the
                       Streets
                       in
                       Thredbare
                       Cloaths
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Which
                   Solon
                   foreseeing
                   ,
                   paid
                   'em
                   more
                   sparingly
                   .
                   Most
                   prudently
                   also
                   he
                   ordain'd
                   ,
                   
                   that
                   the
                   Guardians
                   of
                   Orphans
                   should
                   not
                   cohabit
                   with
                   their
                   Mothers
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   no
                   person
                   should
                   be
                   a
                   Guardian
                   ,
                   to
                   whom
                   the
                   Estate
                   descended
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   Orphans
                   decease
                   .
                   That
                   no
                   Seal-Graver
                   should
                   keep
                   the
                   Seal
                   of
                   a
                   Ring
                   that
                   was
                   sold
                   :
                   That
                   if
                   any
                   Man
                   put
                   out
                   the
                   Eye
                   of
                   him
                   that
                   had
                   but
                   one
                   ,
                   he
                   should
                   lose
                   both
                   his
                   :
                   That
                   where
                   a
                   Man
                   never
                   planted
                   ,
                   he
                   should
                   never
                   take
                   away
                   ;
                   if
                   he
                   did
                   ,
                   the
                   Crime
                   to
                   be
                   punish'd
                   with
                   death
                   .
                   That
                   it
                   should
                   be
                   death
                   for
                   a
                   Magistrate
                   to
                   be
                   taken
                   in
                   drink
                   .
                   
                   Homer's
                   Poems
                   he
                   ordain'd
                   to
                   be
                   transcrib'd
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   Contexture
                   ,
                   that
                   where
                   the
                   first
                   verse
                   ended
                   ,
                   the
                   next
                   should
                   begin
                   .
                   So
                   that
                   Solon
                   illustrated
                   Homer
                   beyond
                   Pisistratus
                   ,
                   as
                   Diochidas
                   testifies
                   in
                   his
                   fifth
                   Book
                   of
                   Megaries
                   .
                   He
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   call'd
                   the
                   Thirtieth
                   day
                   of
                   the
                   Month
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                   
                     the
                     Old
                     and
                     the
                     New
                  
                   :
                   And
                   first
                   ordain'd
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   nine
                   principal
                   Magistrates
                   to
                   pronounce
                   Sentence
                   ;
                   as
                   Apollodorus
                   relates
                   in
                   his
                   Second
                   Book
                   of
                   Legislators
                   .
                   In
                   a
                   certain
                   Sedition
                   that
                   happen'd
                   ,
                   he
                   would
                   neither
                   side
                   with
                   the
                   Citizens
                   ,
                   nor
                   the
                   Country
                   People
                   ,
                   nor
                   the
                   Seamen
                   .
                   Among
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   his
                   Apothegms
                   he
                   was
                   wont
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   
                     That
                     Speech
                     was
                     the
                     Image
                     of
                     Deeds
                     :
                     That
                     he
                     was
                     a
                     true
                     King
                     ,
                     who
                     was
                     strongest
                     in
                     Power
                     ;
                     and
                     that
                     the
                     Laws
                     were
                     
                     like
                     to
                     Spiders
                     Webs
                     ,
                     which
                     held
                     whatever
                     was
                     light
                     and
                     weak
                     ,
                     but
                     were
                     easily
                     snapt
                     asunder
                     by
                     what
                     was
                     big
                     and
                     ponderous
                     .
                     That
                     Speech
                     was
                     seal'd
                     up
                     by
                     Silence
                     ,
                     and
                     Silence
                     by
                     Opportunity
                     .
                  
                   He
                   compar'd
                   the
                   Favourites
                   of
                   Tyrants
                   to
                   Counters
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   as
                   they
                   sometimes
                   made
                   the
                   number
                   greater
                   ,
                   sometimes
                   lesser
                   ,
                   so
                   were
                   Favourites
                   advanc'd
                   or
                   disgrac'd
                   by
                   the
                   Tyrant
                   at
                   his
                   pleasure
                   .
                   Being
                   ask'd
                   ,
                   
                     Why
                     he
                     made
                     no
                     Law
                     against
                     Parricides
                     ?
                  
                   He
                   reply'd
                   ,
                   
                     Because
                     he
                     despair'd
                     of
                     meeting
                     any
                     such
                     Criminals
                     .
                  
                   To
                   the
                   Question
                   ,
                   
                     Which
                     was
                     the
                     best
                     way
                     for
                     a
                     Man
                     to
                     preserve
                     himself
                     from
                     doing
                     injury
                     ?
                  
                   He
                   answer'd
                   ,
                   
                     If
                     they
                     who
                     were
                     unprovok'd
                     ,
                     had
                     the
                     same
                     sence
                     of
                     the
                     injustice
                     ,
                     as
                     they
                     who
                     were
                     injur'd
                     .
                  
                   He
                   was
                   also
                   wont
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   
                     That
                     Plenty
                     sprang
                     from
                     Wealth
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     Plenty
                     begat
                     Contempt
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   He
                   advis'd
                   the
                   Athenians
                   to
                   regulate
                   the
                   days
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   course
                   of
                   the
                   Moon
                   :
                   And
                   forbid
                   Thespis
                   to
                   Act
                   or
                   Teach
                   the
                   making
                   of
                   Tragedies
                   ,
                   as
                   an
                   unprofitable
                   and
                   fabulous
                   sort
                   of
                   Learning
                   .
                   So
                   that
                   when
                   Pisistratus
                   wounded
                   himself
                   ,
                   he
                   cry'd
                   out
                   ,
                   
                     I
                     know
                     his
                     Instructors
                  
                   .
                   Among
                   the
                   public
                   Admonitions
                   which
                   he
                   scatter'd
                   among
                   Men
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   Apollodorus
                   in
                   his
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Sects
                   of
                   Philosophers
                   ,
                   these
                   were
                   the
                   Principal
                   ;
                   
                     To
                     look
                     upon
                     Virtue
                     and
                     Probity
                     to
                     be
                     more
                     faithful
                     
                     than
                     an
                     Oath
                     :
                     Not
                     to
                     tell
                     a
                     Lye
                     :
                     To
                     follow
                     noble
                     and
                     generous
                     Studies
                     :
                     Not
                     hastily
                     to
                     enter
                     into
                     friendship
                     ,
                     but
                     the
                     choice
                     made
                     ,
                     not
                     rashly
                     to
                     break
                     it
                     :
                     Then
                     to
                     govern
                     ,
                     when
                     a
                     Man
                     has
                     learnt
                     to
                     be
                     governed
                     :
                     To
                     give
                     Counsel
                     ,
                     not
                     the
                     most
                     acceptable
                     ,
                     but
                     most
                     wholesom
                     :
                     To
                     be
                     guided
                     by
                     Reason
                     and
                     Judgment
                     :
                     Not
                     to
                     converse
                     with
                     bad
                     Society
                     :
                     To
                     honour
                     the
                     Gods
                     :
                     And
                     reverence
                     our
                     Parents
                     .
                  
                   They
                   report
                   also
                   ,
                   that
                   upon
                   
                   Mimnormus's
                   writing
                   the
                   following
                   lines
                   ,
                   
                     
                       Vnhappy
                       Man
                       ;
                       who
                       ,
                       free
                       from
                       cares
                       and
                       pain
                       ,
                    
                     
                       And
                       Maladies
                       that
                       seek
                       for
                       cure
                       in
                       vain
                       ,
                    
                     
                       To
                       sixty
                       years
                       of
                       age
                       can
                       seldom
                       reach
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Er'e
                       death
                       the
                       swift
                       Career
                       of
                       Age
                       impeach
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   gave
                   him
                   this
                   smart
                   Reprimand
                   ,
                   
                     
                       I
                       hear
                       thy
                       sad
                       complaint
                       ,
                       but
                       leave
                       it
                       out
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Nor
                       take
                       it
                       ill
                       ,
                       that
                       we
                       advis'd
                       thee
                       to
                       't
                       .
                    
                     
                       Or
                       else
                       enlarge
                       ,
                       and
                       write
                       ,
                       That
                       cannot
                       reach
                    
                     
                       To
                       eighty
                       years
                       ,
                       e're
                       Death
                       his
                       course
                       impeach
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Other
                   Admonitions
                   also
                   he
                   gave
                   in
                   Verse
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   these
                   are
                   recorded
                   to
                   be
                   part
                   .
                   
                     
                     
                       Beware
                       (
                       for
                       wicked
                       Man
                       must
                       still
                       be
                       watch'd
                       )
                    
                     
                       Lest
                       secret
                       mischief
                       in
                       his
                       heart
                       be
                       hatch'd
                       ,
                    
                     
                       When
                       smooth
                       he
                       speaks
                       ,
                       and
                       with
                       a
                       smile
                       as
                       fair
                    
                     
                       As
                       new
                       blown
                       flowers
                       ,
                       exhaling
                       fragrant
                       Air.
                    
                     
                       Man's
                       double
                       Tongue
                       can
                       flatter
                       ,
                       or
                       can
                       howle
                       .
                    
                     
                       When
                       prompted
                       by
                       a
                       black
                       corrupted
                       Soul.
                       
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   most
                   certain
                   it
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   wrote
                   partly
                   Laws
                   ,
                   partly
                   Speeches
                   ,
                   partly
                   Admonitions
                   to
                   himself
                   ,
                   as
                   also
                   concerning
                   the
                   Common-wealths
                   of
                   Salamine
                   and
                   Athens
                   ,
                   above
                   five
                   thousand
                   Heroic
                   Verses
                   ,
                   besides
                   Iambics
                   ,
                   and
                   Epodes
                   :
                   And
                   at
                   length
                   upon
                   his
                   Statue
                   this
                   Epigram
                   was
                   engrav'd
                   .
                   
                     
                       She
                       that
                       the
                       pride
                       of
                       unjust
                       Medians
                       tam'd
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Fair
                       Salamis
                       for
                       Naval
                       Combat
                       fam'd
                       .
                    
                     
                       More
                       famous
                       she
                       for
                       
                       Solon's
                       Birth
                       hecame
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Whose
                       Sacred
                       Laws
                       immortaliz'd
                       his
                       Name
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   He
                   was
                   in
                   the
                   flower
                   of
                   his
                   Age
                   much
                   about
                   the
                   forty
                   sixth
                   Olympiad
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   third
                   year
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   Prince
                   of
                   the
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   as
                   Sosicrates
                   affirms
                   ;
                   at
                   what
                   time
                   
                   also
                   he
                   made
                   his
                   Laws
                   .
                   He
                   dy'd
                   in
                   Cyprus
                   ,
                   aged
                   fourscore
                   years
                   ,
                   with
                   this
                   Command
                   ,
                   that
                   his
                   Bones
                   should
                   be
                   translated
                   to
                   Salamine
                   ,
                   and
                   being
                   burnt
                   to
                   Ashes
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   sow'd
                   over
                   the
                   Island
                   .
                   For
                   which
                   reason
                   Cratinus
                   in
                   Chiron
                   ,
                   introduces
                   him
                   ,
                   speaking
                   after
                   this
                   manner
                   ,
                   
                     
                       This
                       Island
                       I
                       possess
                       (
                       so
                       fame
                       resounds
                       )
                    
                     
                       Sown
                       o're
                       the
                       fertile
                       Telamonian
                       Bounds
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   There
                   is
                   also
                   extant
                   an
                   Epigram
                   of
                   our
                   own
                   in
                   our
                   Book
                   of
                   Epigrams
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   formerly
                   Consecrated
                   to
                   the
                   Memories
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Wise
                   and
                   Learned
                   Men
                   deceas'd
                   .
                   
                     
                       Fam'd
                       
                       Solon's
                       Body
                       Cyprian
                       fire
                       did
                       burn
                       ,
                    
                     
                       His
                       Bones
                       at
                       Salamis
                       are
                       turn'd
                       to
                       Corn.
                    
                     
                       His
                       Soul
                       ,
                       into
                       a
                       nimble
                       Chariot
                       made
                       ,
                    
                     
                       The
                       Tables
                       of
                       his
                       Law
                       to
                       Heav'n
                       conveigh'd
                       .
                    
                     
                       Not
                       to
                       be
                       wonder'd
                       at
                       ,
                       for
                       well
                       they
                       might
                       ,
                    
                     
                       The
                       weight
                       of
                       all
                       his
                       Laws
                       was
                       then
                       so
                       light
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   He
                   is
                   also
                   reported
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   the
                   first
                   who
                   utter'd
                   that
                   Apothegm
                   ,
                   
                     Nothing
                     to
                     Excess
                  
                   .
                   And
                   Dioscorides
                   in
                   his
                   Commentaries
                   relates
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   he
                   was
                   weeping
                   and
                   wailing
                   for
                   the
                   death
                   of
                   his
                   Son
                   ,
                   (
                   whose
                   name
                   we
                   could
                   never
                   yet
                   understand
                   )
                   
                   to
                   a
                   friend
                   of
                   his
                   that
                   reprov'd
                   him
                   ,
                   saying
                   ,
                   
                     What
                     does
                     this
                     avail
                     thee
                  
                   ?
                   He
                   reply'd
                   ,
                   
                     Therefore
                     I
                     weep
                     ,
                     because
                     it
                     avails
                     me
                     nothing
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   More
                   than
                   this
                   we
                   find
                   nothing
                   in
                   his
                   Life
                   remarkable
                   ,
                   but
                   only
                   that
                   the
                   following
                   Epistles
                   are
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   his
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   Solon
                   to
                   Periander
                   .
                
                 
                   THou
                   writest
                   me
                   word
                   ,
                   of
                   several
                   that
                   lye
                   in
                   wait
                   for
                   thy
                   Life
                   ,
                   I
                   must
                   tell
                   thee
                   ,
                   that
                   shouldst
                   thou
                   resolve
                   to
                   put
                   'em
                   all
                   to
                   death
                   ,
                   't
                   would
                   nothing
                   avail
                   thee
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   persons
                   that
                   conspires
                   against
                   thee
                   ,
                   is
                   one
                   of
                   whom
                   thou
                   hast
                   the
                   least
                   suspicion
                   ;
                   either
                   jealous
                   of
                   his
                   own
                   Life
                   ,
                   or
                   condemning
                   thee
                   ,
                   and
                   resolving
                   thy
                   destruction
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   for
                   thy
                   pusillanimous
                   fear
                   ,
                   which
                   renders
                   thy
                   suspicions
                   dangerous
                   to
                   all
                   Men
                   ;
                   but
                   to
                   gratifie
                   his
                   fellow
                   Citizens
                   ▪
                   Therefore
                   't
                   is
                   thy
                   best
                   way
                   to
                   forbear
                   ,
                   to
                   avoid
                   the
                   cause
                   of
                   thy
                   fears
                   .
                   But
                   if
                   thou
                   art
                   resolv'd
                   upon
                   violence
                   ;
                   consider
                   which
                   is
                   strongest
                   ,
                   whether
                   thy
                   own
                   foreign
                   Guards
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Trained
                   Force
                   of
                   thy
                   own
                   Subjects
                   .
                   For
                   then
                   having
                   no
                   Body
                   to
                   fear
                   ,
                   there
                   will
                   be
                   no
                   need
                   of
                   Rigour
                   ,
                   or
                   Exilement
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                 
                   Solon
                   to
                   Epimenides
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     NEither
                     had
                     my
                     Laws
                     been
                     of
                     much
                     advantage
                     to
                     the
                     Athenians
                     ,
                     neither
                     hadst
                     thou
                     by
                     repealing
                     'em
                     ,
                     done
                     the
                     City
                     any
                     good
                     .
                     For
                     neither
                     God
                     ,
                     nor
                     the
                     Lawgiver
                     alone
                     can
                     be
                     profitable
                     to
                     a
                     Common-weal
                     ,
                     but
                     they
                     who
                     govern
                     the
                     Multitude
                     as
                     they
                     please
                     themselves
                     .
                     Who
                     ,
                     if
                     they
                     sway
                     the
                     People
                     as
                     they
                     ought
                     ,
                     then
                     God
                     and
                     the
                     Laws
                     may
                     do
                     good
                     ;
                     but
                     if
                     wrong
                     ,
                     they
                     will
                     be
                     but
                     of
                     little
                     use
                     .
                     'T
                     is
                     true
                     perhaps
                     my
                     Laws
                     were
                     not
                     better
                     than
                     others
                     ,
                     yet
                     they
                     that
                     refus'd
                     to
                     observe
                     'em
                     ,
                     did
                     a
                     great
                     injury
                     to
                     the
                     Common-wealth
                     :
                     And
                     such
                     were
                     they
                     who
                     would
                     not
                     oppose
                     Pisistratus
                     in
                     his
                     design
                     to
                     invade
                     the
                     Government
                     .
                     They
                     would
                     not
                     believe
                     me
                     ,
                     when
                     I
                     foretold
                     the
                     Truth
                     :
                     but
                     more
                     credit
                     was
                     given
                     to
                     them
                     that
                     flattered
                     the
                     Athenians
                     ,
                     than
                     to
                     me
                     that
                     dealt
                     sincerely
                     .
                     And
                     therefore
                     after
                     I
                     had
                     hung
                     up
                     my
                     Arms
                     in
                     the
                     Portico
                     before
                     the
                     
                       Senate
                       House
                    
                     ,
                     I
                     told
                     'em
                     plainly
                     ,
                     that
                     I
                     was
                     wiser
                     than
                     they
                     that
                     were
                     not
                     sensible
                     of
                     
                     Pisistratus's
                     design
                     ,
                     and
                     stouter
                     than
                     they
                     who
                     durst
                     not
                     resist
                     him
                     .
                     Who
                     presently
                     cry'd
                     out
                     that
                     Solon
                     was
                     mad
                     .
                     Thereupon
                     ,
                     upbraiding
                     
                     my
                     Country
                     ,
                     
                       O
                       Country
                    
                     ,
                     said
                     I
                     ,
                     this
                     Solon
                     
                       that
                       once
                       was
                       ready
                       to
                       have
                       lent
                       thee
                       the
                       utmost
                       assistance
                       of
                       his
                       Arms
                       ,
                       and
                       Eloquence
                       ,
                       is
                       now
                       taken
                       for
                       a
                       Madman
                       :
                       Therefore
                       leaving
                       thee
                       to
                       thy
                       own
                       ruin
                       ,
                       I
                       le
                       go
                       seek
                       another
                       habitation
                       ,
                       the
                       only
                       Enemy
                       of
                    
                     Pisistratus
                     .
                     Thou
                     knewest
                     the
                     Man
                     ,
                     dear
                     friend
                     ,
                     how
                     shrewdly
                     and
                     craftily
                     he
                     carried
                     on
                     his
                     design
                     .
                     He
                     began
                     with
                     his
                     complements
                     to
                     the
                     People
                     ;
                     then
                     ,
                     after
                     he
                     had
                     stab'd
                     himself
                     ,
                     he
                     ran
                     wounded
                     into
                     the
                     Eliaean
                     Piazza
                     ,
                     crying
                     ,
                     That
                     he
                     had
                     been
                     set
                     upon
                     by
                     his
                     Enemies
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     desired
                     a
                     Guard
                     of
                     four
                     hundred
                     Men
                     only
                     for
                     the
                     security
                     of
                     his
                     Person
                     .
                     Presently
                     the
                     People
                     ,
                     notwithstanding
                     all
                     the
                     opposition
                     I
                     could
                     make
                     ,
                     granted
                     him
                     his
                     request
                     :
                     And
                     then
                     he
                     set
                     up
                     for
                     himself
                     ,
                     after
                     he
                     had
                     dissolv'd
                     the
                     Government
                     .
                     And
                     thus
                     they
                     who
                     in
                     vain
                     endeavour'd
                     to
                     free
                     their
                     Poor
                     from
                     serving
                     for
                     Hire
                     ,
                     are
                     now
                     all
                     the
                     Slaves
                     of
                     Pisistratus
                     .
                  
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   Solon
                   to
                   Pisistratus
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     I
                     Do
                     not
                     believe
                     thou
                     wilt
                     do
                     me
                     any
                     injury
                     :
                     For
                     before
                     thou
                     wer
                     't
                     a
                     Tyrant
                     ,
                     I
                     was
                     thy
                     Friend
                     ;
                     and
                     now
                     no
                     more
                     thy
                     Enemy
                     than
                     any
                     other
                     of
                     the
                     Athenians
                     ,
                     who
                     always
                     hated
                     a
                     Tyrannical
                     
                     Government
                     .
                     But
                     whether
                     Monarchy
                     or
                     Democracy
                     be
                     best
                     ,
                     let
                     every
                     one
                     think
                     as
                     he
                     pleases
                     ;
                     certainly
                     I
                     must
                     acknowledge
                     thee
                     to
                     be
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     best
                     of
                     Tyrants
                     .
                     But
                     I
                     do
                     not
                     think
                     it
                     convenient
                     for
                     me
                     to
                     return
                     to
                     Athens
                     ;
                     since
                     it
                     would
                     ill
                     become
                     the
                     Person
                     who
                     set
                     up
                     Popular
                     Government
                     himself
                     ,
                     and
                     refus'd
                     the
                     Tyrannic
                     when
                     offer'd
                     ,
                     to
                     approve
                     thy
                     actions
                     by
                     a
                     penitent
                     submission
                     to
                     thy
                     Rule
                     .
                  
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   Solon
                   to
                   Croesus
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     I
                     Must
                     gratefully
                     acknowledge
                     thy
                     Benevolence
                     and
                     Bounty
                     towards
                     Us
                     :
                     And
                     by
                     Minerva
                     ,
                     were
                     it
                     not
                     but
                     that
                     I
                     am
                     so
                     great
                     an
                     admirer
                     of
                     Democracy
                     ,
                     I
                     would
                     rather
                     chuse
                     to
                     make
                     my
                     abode
                     in
                     thy
                     Kingdom
                     than
                     at
                     Athens
                     ,
                     under
                     the
                     Tyranny
                     of
                     Pisistratus
                     .
                     However
                     ,
                     since
                     we
                     cannot
                     but
                     think
                     it
                     a
                     pleasure
                     to
                     live
                     where
                     Equity
                     and
                     Justice
                     Reigns
                     ,
                     I
                     shall
                     hasten
                     to
                     attend
                     thy
                     Commands
                     ,
                     not
                     a
                     little
                     covetous
                     to
                     be
                     thy
                     Guest
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               THE
               Life
               of
               CHILO
               .
            
             
               CHILO
               the
               Lacaedemonian
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Demagetus
               .
               He
               wrote
               several
               Elegies
               to
               the
               number
               of
               about
               two
               Hundred
               Verses
               ;
               and
               taught
               ,
               that
               Foreknowledg
               was
               attain'd
               by
               Ratiocination
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               Vertue
               of
               the
               Person
               .
               To
               his
               Brother
               ,
               who
               took
               it
               ill
               ,
               he
               was
               not
               made
               an
               Ephorus
               ,
               or
               one
               of
               the
               Grand
               Council
               of
               Lacedaemon
               as
               well
               as
               He
               ,
               
                 I
                 know
              
               ,
               said
               He
               ,
               
                 how
                 to
                 put
                 up
                 Injuries
                 ,
                 which
                 thou
                 dost
                 not
                 do
                 .
              
               He
               was
               made
               one
               of
               the
               Ephori
               ,
               in
               the
               fifty
               Sixth
               Olympiad
               ;
               and
               the
               first
               Ephorus
               in
               the
               Reign
               of
               Euthydemus
               ,
               according
               to
               Sosicrates
               :
               and
               the
               first
               who
               caused
               it
               to
               be
               decreed
               ,
               that
               the
               Ephori
               should
               be
               joined
               in
               Authority
               with
               the
               Kings
               of
               Lacedaemon
               ;
               tho'
               Satyrus
               ascribes
               that
               Honour
               to
               Lycurgus
               .
               This
               was
               he
               ,
               as
               Herodotus
               relates
               ,
               who
               advised
               Hippocrates
               offering
               Sacrifice
               at
               Olympia
               ,
               when
               the
               Caldrons
               boiled
               without
               Fire
               ,
               either
               not
               to
               Marry
               ,
               or
               if
               he
               had
               a
               Wife
               already
               ,
               to
               renounce
               his
               Children
               .
               It
               is
               farther
               reported
               ,
               that
               when
               Aesopus
               asked
               him
               what
               Jupiter
               was
               
               doing
               ?
               He
               made
               answer
               ,
               
                 Humbling
                 the
                 lofty
                 ,
                 and
                 exalting
                 the
                 lowly
                 .
              
               He
               was
               won
               tto
               say
               ,
               that
               the
               Learned
               differed
               from
               the
               unlearned
               ,
               
                 in
                 good
                 hopes
              
               .
               To
               the
               Question
               what
               was
               difficult
               ?
               he
               replied
               ,
               
                 To
                 keep
                 a
                 Secret
                 ,
                 to
                 spend
                 a
                 Man's
                 leisure-time
                 well
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 wrong'd
                 to
                 brook
                 the
                 Injury
                 .
              
            
             
               His
               Precepts
               were
               these
               .
               For
               a
               Man
               to
               govern
               his
               Tongue
               ,
               especially
               at
               Festivals
               ,
               not
               to
               speak
               evil
               of
               our
               Neighbours
               ,
               not
               to
               use
               threatning
               Language
               ,
               for
               it
               was
               Effeminate
               :
               sooner
               to
               visit
               our
               Friends
               in
               their
               Misfortunes
               ,
               than
               in
               their
               Prosperity
               ;
               to
               chuse
               a
               Wife
               with
               a
               moderate
               Dowry
               :
               Not
               to
               speak
               Evil
               of
               the
               Dead
               ,
               to
               reverence
               old
               Age
               ,
               to
               put
               a
               Guard
               upon
               himself
               :
               to
               prefer
               loss
               ,
               before
               sordid
               Gain
               ;
               for
               by
               the
               one
               ,
               a
               Man
               suffers
               but
               once
               ,
               by
               the
               other
               ,
               always
               :
               never
               to
               deride
               the
               Unfortunate
               ,
               being
               strong
               and
               valiant
               ,
               to
               be
               meek
               and
               humble
               ;
               it
               being
               much
               better
               to
               be
               beloved
               than
               feared
               :
               to
               govern
               his
               family
               soberly
               and
               discreetly
               :
               not
               to
               let
               his
               Tongue
               run
               before
               his
               Wit
               :
               to
               master
               his
               Passion
               :
               not
               to
               despise
               Divination
               :
               not
               to
               desire
               Impossibilities
               :
               in
               the
               Street
               not
               to
               make
               so
               much
               haste
               ,
               as
               if
               a
               Man
               were
               always
               going
               upon
               Life
               and
               Death
               :
               in
               familiar
               discourse
               ,
               not
               to
               use
               so
               much
               motion
               of
               the
               Hands
               ;
               for
               it
               denotes
               a
               kind
               of
               Frenzy
               ,
               to
               be
               
               obedient
               to
               the
               Law
               ,
               and
               to
               study
               Peace
               and
               Quiet
               .
            
             
               Among
               the
               rest
               of
               his
               Apothegms
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               most
               approved
               was
               this
               ;
               That
               Gold
               was
               tryed
               by
               the
               Touchstone
               ,
               but
               the
               Tryal
               of
               Men
               ,
               whether
               good
               or
               bad
               ,
               was
               by
               Gold.
               It
               is
               reported
               of
               him
               ,
               that
               when
               he
               was
               very
               old
               he
               should
               say
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               no
               way
               conscious
               to
               himself
               of
               having
               done
               an
               ill
               or
               unjust
               act
               .
               One
               thing
               only
               troubled
               him
               ,
               as
               doubting
               whether
               he
               had
               done
               well
               or
               no.
               For
               that
               being
               to
               determine
               a
               difference
               between
               two
               Friends
               ,
               he
               advised
               'em
               to
               appeal
               from
               him
               to
               the
               Law
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               he
               might
               act
               legally
               ,
               and
               not
               lose
               his
               Friend
               .
               His
               Prophecy
               concerning
               the
               Island
               of
               Cythera
               ,
               gained
               him
               a
               high
               Renown
               among
               the
               Grecians
               .
               For
               when
               he
               understood
               the
               Nature
               and
               Situation
               of
               it
               ;
               
                 I
                 wish
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 it
                 never
                 had
                 been
              
               ;
               or
               
                 else
                 that
                 when
                 it
                 first
                 appeared
                 ,
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 swallowed
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Abyss
                 :
              
               and
               he
               was
               right
               in
               his
               Judgment
               .
               For
               Demaratus
               ,
               a
               
                 Lacedaemonian
                 Renegade
              
               ,
               advised
               Xerxes
               to
               keep
               a
               Navy
               always
               in
               that
               Island
               ,
               which
               had
               been
               the
               ruin
               of
               Greece
               ,
               had
               Xerxes
               followed
               his
               Counsel
               .
               Afterwards
               during
               the
               Poloponnesian
               War
               ,
               Nicias
               ,
               having
               laid
               the
               Island
               desolate
               ,
               placed
               a
               Garrison
               of
               Athenians
               therein
               ,
               which
               proved
               a
               continual
               Plague
               to
               the
               Lacedaemonians
               .
            
             
             
               He
               was
               a
               Person
               of
               few
               words
               ;
               for
               which
               reason
               Aristagoras
               the
               Milesian
               ,
               gives
               to
               Brevity
               of
               Speech
               ,
               the
               Epithete
               of
               Chilonean
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               an
               old
               Man
               in
               the
               fifty
               Second
               Olympiad
               ,
               at
               what
               time
               Aesopus
               the
               Orator
               was
               in
               his
               Prime
               .
               He
               died
               as
               Hermippus
               reports
               at
               Pissa
               ,
               embracing
               his
               Son
               ,
               returning
               victorious
               from
               the
               Olympic
               Games
               ,
               himself
               o'recome
               with
               Joy
               ,
               and
               the
               infirmity
               of
               his
               Years
               .
               And
               he
               was
               no
               sooner
               dead
               ,
               but
               all
               Men
               strove
               to
               celebrate
               his
               Obsequies
               with
               all
               the
               Honours
               and
               Encomiums
               they
               could
               devise
               befitting
               his
               Renown
               .
               Among
               the
               rest
               ,
               the
               following
               Offering
               was
               our
               own
               .
               
                 
                   Thy
                   Praises
                   mighty
                   Pollux
                   we
                   resound
                   ,
                
                 
                   For
                   Chilo's
                   Son
                   ,
                   by
                   thee
                   so
                   fairly
                   Crownd
                   .
                
                 
                   What
                   ,
                   tho'
                   his
                   Father
                   then
                   for
                   joy
                   expir'd
                   ?
                
                 
                   A
                   Fate
                   like
                   his
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   by
                   me
                   desir'd
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Upon
               his
               Statue
               was
               Engraved
               this
               Anagram
               .
               
                 
                   Chilo
                   the
                   Great
                   did
                   armed
                   Sparta
                   breed
                   ;
                
                 
                   Of
                   all
                   the
                   Greeks
                   ,
                   the
                   wisest
                   Man
                   decreed
                   .
                
              
            
             
               There
               is
               also
               extant
               a
               short
               Epistle
               of
               his
               to
               Periander
               .
            
             
               
                 
                 
                   Chilo
                   to
                   Periander
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     THOU
                     commandest
                     us
                     to
                     leave
                     the
                     Wars
                     ,
                     and
                     betake
                     our selves
                     to
                     Exilement
                     ,
                     as
                     if
                     that
                     would
                     be
                     more
                     safe
                     for
                     thee
                     .
                     However
                     't
                     is
                     my
                     opinion
                     that
                     a
                     Monarch
                     is
                     not
                     always
                     safe
                     at
                     home
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     I
                     account
                     him
                     to
                     be
                     the
                     most
                     happy
                     Tyrant
                     that
                     escapes
                     the
                     stab
                     of
                     Conspiracy
                     ,
                     and
                     dies
                     at
                     last
                     in
                     his
                     own
                     Bed.
                     
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             
               THE
               LIFE
               of
               PITTACUS
               .
            
             
               PIttacus
               ,
               born
               at
               Mitylene
               ,
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Hyrrhadius
               ;
               yet
               Doris
               asserts
               his
               Father
               to
               have
               been
               a
               Thracian
               .
               This
               was
               he
               ,
               who
               together
               with
               the
               Brothers
               of
               Alcanus
               ,
               utterly
               ruined
               Melancher
               the
               Tyrant
               of
               Lesbos
               .
               And
               in
               the
               Contest
               between
               the
               Athenians
               and
               Mityleneans
               about
               the
               Territory
               of
               Achillitis
               ,
               he
               being
               General
               of
               the
               Mityleneans
               ,
               challenged
               Phryno
               the
               Athenian
               Chieftain
               ,
               to
               fight
               with
               him
               Hand
               to
               Hand
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               carrying
               
               a
               Net
               under
               his
               Buckler
               ,
               he
               threw
               it
               over
               Phryno's
               Shoulders
               ,
               when
               he
               least
               dreamed
               of
               any
               such
               thing
               ;
               and
               by
               that
               means
               having
               slain
               his
               Antagonist
               ,
               he
               recovered
               the
               Land
               to
               the
               Mityleneans
               .
               Afterwards
               according
               to
               the
               relation
               of
               Apollodorus
               in
               his
               Chronicle
               ,
               another
               dispute
               happening
               between
               the
               Mityleneans
               and
               Athenians
               about
               the
               same
               Land
               ,
               Periander
               ,
               who
               was
               made
               Judg
               of
               the
               Controversy
               ,
               gave
               it
               for
               the
               Athenians
               .
            
             
               But
               then
               it
               was
               that
               the
               Mityleneans
               held
               Pittacus
               in
               high
               Esteem
               ,
               and
               surrender'd
               the
               Supream
               Government
               into
               his
               Hands
               ,
               which
               after
               he
               had
               managed
               for
               ten
               Years
               ,
               and
               established
               those
               Orders
               and
               Regulations
               that
               he
               thought
               convenient
               ,
               he
               again
               resigned
               into
               the
               Hands
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               and
               lived
               ten
               Years
               after
               that
               .
               For
               these
               great
               Benefits
               done
               to
               his
               Country
               ,
               the
               Mityleneans
               conferred
               on
               him
               a
               quantity
               of
               Land
               ,
               which
               he
               towards
               his
               latter
               End
               consecrated
               to
               Pious
               Uses
               .
               Sosicrates
               writes
               ,
               that
               he
               restored
               back
               the
               one
               half
               of
               the
               Land
               ,
               saying
               at
               the
               same
               time
               ,
               
                 That
                 the
                 half
                 was
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 whole
                 .
              
               Sometime
               after
               ,
               when
               Croesus
               sent
               him
               a
               Summ
               of
               Money
               ,
               he
               refused
               to
               accept
               it
               ,
               saying
               that
               he
               had
               twice
               as
               much
               more
               as
               he
               desired
               .
               For
               his
               Brother
               dying
               without
               Issue
               ,
               the
               Estate
               fell
               
               to
               him
               .
               Pamphilus
               in
               his
               first
               Book
               of
               Memorandums
               relates
               that
               he
               had
               a
               Son
               ,
               whose
               name
               was
               Pyrrhaeus
               ,
               who
               was
               kill'd
               as
               he
               was
               sitting
               in
               a
               Barbers
               Chair
               at
               Cumae
               ,
               by
               a
               Smith
               that
               threw
               a
               Hatchet
               into
               the
               Shop
               ,
               for
               which
               the
               Murtherer
               was
               sent
               in
               Fetters
               by
               the
               Cumans
               to
               Pittaeus
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               punish
               him
               as
               he
               pleased
               himself
               .
               But
               Pittacus
               after
               he
               had
               fully
               examined
               the
               Matter
               ,
               released
               and
               pardoned
               the
               Prisoner
               ,
               with
               this
               Saying
               ,
               that
               Indulgence
               was
               to
               be
               preferred
               before
               Repentance
               .
               Heraclitus
               also
               relates
               that
               when
               he
               had
               taken
               Alcaeus
               Prisoner
               ,
               he
               let
               him
               go
               ,
               saying
               ,
               that
               Pardon
               was
               to
               be
               preferred
               before
               Punishment
               .
               He
               ordained
               that
               Drunkards
               offending
               in
               their
               Drink
               ,
               should
               be
               doubly
               Punished
               ,
               to
               make
               Men
               the
               more
               wary
               how
               they
               got
               tipsy
               ;
               for
               the
               Island
               abounds
               in
               Wine
               .
            
             
               Among
               his
               Apothegms
               ,
               these
               were
               some
               of
               the
               choicest
               .
               
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 difficult
                 thing
                 to
                 be
                 Vertuous
                 .
              
               Of
               which
               Simonides
               and
               Plato
               in
               Protagoras
               make
               mention
               .
               
                 That
                 the
                 Gods
                 could
                 not
                 withstand
                 Necessity
                 .
                 That
                 Command
                 and
                 Rule
                 declare
                 the
                 Genius
                 of
                 the
                 Man.
              
               Being
               demanded
               what
               was
               best
               ?
               he
               answered
               ,
               
                 To
                 do
                 well
                 what
                 a
                 Man
                 is
                 about
                 .
              
               To
               
               Croesus's
               Question
               ,
               which
               was
               the
               largest
               Dominion
               ?
               he
               answered
               
                 That
                 of
                 the
                 Varie-coloured
                 Wood
              
               ;
               meaning
               
               the
               Laws
               written
               upon
               wooden
               Tables
               .
               He
               applauded
               those
               Victories
               that
               were
               obtained
               without
               Bloodshed
               .
            
             
               To
               Phocaicus
               ,
               who
               told
               him
               they
               wanted
               a
               diligent
               frugal
               Man
               ;
               
                 We
                 may
                 seek
              
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 long
                 enough
                 before
                 we
                 find
                 one
                 .
              
               To
               them
               that
               asked
               him
               what
               was
               most
               desirable
               ?
               He
               answered
               ,
               Time.
               To
               what
               was
               most
               obscure
               ?
               Futurity
               .
               To
               what
               was
               most
               Faithful
               ?
               
                 The
                 Earth
              
               .
               To
               what
               was
               most
               Faithless
               ?
               
                 The
                 Sea.
              
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               the
               Duty
               of
               Prudent
               Men
               ,
               before
               Misfortunes
               happened
               ,
               to
               foresee
               ,
               and
               prevent
               '
               em
               .
               Of
               Stout
               and
               Couragious
               Men
               ,
               to
               bear
               their
               adversity
               Patiently
               .
               Never
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               talk
               of
               thy
               designs
               beforehand
               ;
               lest
               thy
               miscarriage
               be
               derided
               :
               never
               to
               upbraid
               the
               misfortunes
               of
               any
               Man
               ,
               for
               fear
               of
               just
               Reprehension
               :
               always
               to
               restore
               a
               Trust
               committed
               to
               thy
               Care
               :
               never
               to
               backbite
               an
               Enemy
               ,
               much
               less
               a
               Friend
               :
               to
               practise
               Piety
               ,
               and
               honour
               Temperance
               ,
               to
               love
               Truth
               ,
               Fidelity
               ,
               Experience
               ,
               Urbanity
               ,
               Friendship
               and
               Diligence
               .
            
             
               His
               Axioms
               were
               chiefly
               these
               :
               to
               encounter
               a
               wicked
               Man
               with
               a
               Bow
               and
               Quiver
               full
               of
               Arrows
               ;
               for
               that
               there
               was
               no
               truth
               to
               be
               expected
               from
               a
               loquacious
               Tongue
               ,
               where
               the
               Breast
               conceal'd
               a
               double
               Heart
               .
            
             
             
               He
               composed
               about
               six
               hundred
               Elegiac
               Verses
               ,
               and
               several
               Laws
               in
               Prose
               for
               the
               Benefit
               of
               his
               Fellow-Citizens
               .
            
             
               He
               flourished
               in
               the
               forty
               second
               Olympiad
               ;
               and
               died
               in
               the
               third
               Year
               of
               the
               fifty
               second
               Olympiad
               ,
               during
               the
               Reign
               of
               Aristomenes
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               lived
               above
               seventy
               Years
               ,
               worn
               out
               and
               broken
               with
               old
               Age
               ,
               and
               being
               buried
               in
               Lesbos
               ,
               this
               Epitaph
               was
               engrav'd
               upon
               his
               Monument
               .
               
                 
                   Here
                   lies
                   the
                   far
                   fam'd
                   Pittacus
                   for
                   whom
                
                 
                   The
                   mournful
                   Lesbians
                   made
                   this
                   sacred
                   Tomb.
                   
                
              
            
             
               This
               was
               he
               whose
               general
               Admonition
               it
               was
               ,
               
                 To
                 observe
                 the
                 Season
              
               .
            
             
               There
               was
               also
               another
               Pittacus
               ,
               a
               Legislator
               likewise
               (
               according
               to
               Favorinus
               in
               his
               first
               Book
               of
               Commentaries
               ,
               and
               Demetrius
               in
               his
               Homonyma
               )
               who
               was
               surnamed
               the
               Little.
               But
               as
               for
               the
               Great
               Pittacus
               ,
               who
               was
               also
               the
               
                 Wise
                 Pittacus
              
               ,
               he
               is
               reported
               ,
               when
               a
               young
               Gentleman
               came
               to
               take
               his
               Advice
               about
               Marriage
               ,
               to
               have
               returned
               the
               same
               answer
               ,
               which
               we
               find
               recorded
               by
               Callimachus
               ,
               in
               the
               following
               Epigram
               .
               
                 
                 
                   Hyrrhadius
                   Son
                   ,
                   the
                   far
                   fam'd
                   Pittacus
                   ,
                
                 
                   An
                   Atarnaean
                   once
                   demanded
                   thus
                   :
                
                 
                   My
                   Friends
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   a
                   double
                   match
                   propose
                   ;
                
                 
                   The
                   one
                   a
                   noble
                   and
                   Wealthy
                   Spouse
                   ;
                
                 
                   In
                   both
                   my
                   equal
                   t'other
                   ;
                   now
                   advise
                
                 
                   My
                   Youth
                   what
                   Choice
                   to
                   make
                   ;
                   for
                   thou
                   art
                   Wise
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Weapons
                   of
                   old
                   Age
                   ,
                   the
                   Ancient
                   Seer
                
                 
                   His
                   Staff
                   then
                   raising
                   ,
                   go
                   said
                   he
                   and
                   hear
                   ,
                
                 
                   What
                   yonder
                   Children
                   say
                   ;
                   for
                   as
                   he
                   spoke
                
                 
                   The
                   Children
                   in
                   the
                   Street
                   with
                   nimble
                   stroke
                
                 
                   Their
                   Tops
                   were
                   scourging
                   round
                   :
                   to
                   them
                   he
                   goes
                   :
                
                 
                   Go
                   see
                   your
                   Match
                   cries
                   one
                   for
                   equal
                   Blows
                   .
                
                 
                   Which
                   when
                   he
                   heard
                   ,
                   the
                   Stranger
                   went
                   his
                   way
                   ,
                
                 
                   Left
                   Birth
                   and
                   Wealth
                   ,
                   resolving
                   to
                   obey
                
                 
                   The
                   Sportive
                   Documents
                   of
                   Childrens
                   Play.
                   
                
              
            
             
               But
               this
               Councel
               he
               seems
               to
               have
               given
               from
               woful
               Experience
               .
               For
               he
               himself
               had
               married
               a
               noble
               Dame
               ,
               the
               Sister
               of
               Draco
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Penthelus
               ,
               who
               was
               a
               Woman
               of
               an
               insufferable
               Pride
               .
            
             
               This
               Pittacus
               was
               variously
               nicknamed
               by
               Alcaeus
               ,
               who
               sometimes
               called
               him
               Splay-Foot
               ,
               and
               Flatfooted
               ,
               sometimes
               Cloven-footed
               ,
               because
               of
               the
               Clefts
               in
               his
               Feet
               ,
               sometimes
               Gauric
               ,
               as
               being
               perhaps
               too
               much
               affected
               in
               his
               Gate
               .
               Sometimes
               Physcon
               and
               Gastron
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               his
               prominent
               Belly
               .
               Sometimes
               Bat-Eyed
               ,
               
               because
               he
               was
               dim-sighted
               ;
               and
               sometimes
               Agasyrtus
               ,
               as
               one
               that
               was
               nasty
               and
               careless
               in
               his
               Habit.
               
            
             
               His
               usual
               Exercise
               was
               grinding
               of
               Wheat
               with
               a
               Hand-Mill
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               also
               extant
               a
               short
               Epistle
               of
               his
               to
               Croesus
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   Pittacus
                   to
                   Croesus
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     THOU
                     send'st
                     for
                     me
                     into
                     Lydia
                     to
                     behold
                     thy
                     vast
                     Wealth
                     ,
                     but
                     altho'I
                     never
                     yet
                     beheld
                     it
                     ,
                     I
                     am
                     contented
                     to
                     believe
                     the
                     Son
                     of
                     Alyattis
                     to
                     be
                     the
                     richest
                     of
                     Monarchs
                     ,
                     without
                     desiring
                     to
                     be
                     ever
                     the
                     better
                     for
                     coming
                     to
                     Sardis
                     .
                     For
                     we
                     want
                     no
                     Gold
                     ;
                     as
                     having
                     sufficient
                     both
                     for
                     our selves
                     and
                     Friends
                     .
                     Nevertheless
                     I
                     intend
                     to
                     visit
                     thee
                     ,
                     were
                     it
                     only
                     to
                     be
                     acquainted
                     with
                     a
                     generous
                     and
                     Hospitable
                     Person
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             
               THE
               LIFE
               of
               BIAS
               .
            
             
               BIAS
               of
               Priene
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Teutamus
               ,
               and
               by
               Satyrus
               ,
               preferred
               before
               all
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               seven
               Wiseman
               .
               Doris
               will
               not
               allow
               him
               to
               be
               born
               at
               Priene
               ,
               but
               says
               he
               was
               a
               Stranger
               .
               But
               
               several
               affirm
               him
               to
               have
               been
               very
               Rich
               ;
               and
               Phanodicus
               tells
               us
               ,
               That
               he
               redeem'd
               the
               Messenian
               Virgins
               ,
               being
               taken
               Captive
               ,
               bred
               'em
               at
               home
               as
               his
               own
               Daughters
               ,
               and
               then
               sent
               'em
               back
               to
               their
               Parents
               ,
               with
               every
               one
               a
               Portion
               in
               mony
               .
               Soon
               after
               the
               Golden
               Tripos
               being
               found
               ,
               as
               we
               have
               already
               declar'd
               ,
               with
               this
               Inscription
               ,
               To
               the
               
                 Wisest
                 .
                 Satyrus
              
               relates
               how
               that
               the
               Messenian
               Virgins
               ,
               but
               others
               ,
               and
               among
               the
               rest
               Phanodicus
               ,
               that
               their
               Parents
               came
               into
               the
               Assembly
               ,
               and
               declaring
               what
               he
               had
               done
               ,
               pronounced
               him
               the
               Wisest
               Man.
               Whereupon
               the
               Tripos
               was
               sent
               to
               Bias
               ,
               who
               beholding
               it
               ,
               declar'd
               Apollo
               to
               be
               wiser
               than
               himself
               ,
               and
               so
               refus'd
               it
               .
               Others
               report
               that
               he
               Consecrated
               it
               to
               
                 Theban
                 Hercules
              
               ,
               for
               that
               either
               he
               was
               there
               born
               ,
               or
               else
               because
               Priene
               was
               a
               Colony
               of
               the
               Thebans
               ;
               which
               Phanodicus
               also
               testifies
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               ,
               when
               Priene
               his
               native
               Country
               was
               besieged
               by
               Alyattes
               ,
               that
               Bias
               fatted
               two
               Mules
               for
               the
               nonce
               ,
               and
               drave
               'em
               into
               the
               Enemies
               Camp.
               Which
               Alyattes
               seeing
               ,
               began
               to
               be
               amaz'd
               to
               see
               the
               pamper'd
               Beasts
               so
               plump
               and
               smooth
               :
               However
               before
               he
               rais'd
               his
               Siege
               ,
               he
               resolv'd
               to
               send
               some
               person
               under
               the
               pretence
               of
               certain
               Propositions
               to
               spy
               the
               condition
               of
               the
               City
               .
               But
               
               Bias
               well
               aware
               of
               the
               King's
               design
               ,
               having
               caus'd
               several
               heaps
               of
               Sand
               to
               be
               cover'd
               with
               Wheat
               ,
               led
               the
               Messenger
               about
               to
               satisfie
               his
               Curiosity
               .
               Which
               being
               reported
               to
               the
               King
               ,
               he
               presently
               made
               a
               Peace
               with
               the
               Prieneans
               .
               Soon
               after
               when
               the
               King
               sent
               for
               Bias
               to
               come
               to
               him
               ,
               
                 Bid
                 him
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 go
                 eat
                 Onions
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 would
                 make
                 him
                 weep
                 .
              
            
             
               He
               is
               reported
               to
               have
               been
               a
               most
               notable
               pleader
               of
               Causes
               ;
               but
               that
               still
               he
               us'd
               the
               force
               of
               his
               Eloquence
               on
               the
               right
               side
               .
               Which
               Demodocus
               intimated
               when
               he
               said
               ,
               that
               an
               Orator
               was
               to
               imitate
               the
               Prienaean
               manner
               of
               Pleading
               :
               And
               Hipponax
               ,
               when
               he
               gave
               this
               applause
               to
               any
               one
               ,
               That
               he
               pleaded
               better
               than
               Bias
               of
               Priene
               .
            
             
               His
               death
               happen'd
               after
               this
               manner
               .
               He
               had
               in
               his
               old
               Age
               pleaded
               a
               Cause
               for
               a
               friend
               of
               his
               .
               After
               he
               had
               done
               ,
               being
               tired
               with
               declaming
               ,
               he
               rested
               his
               Head
               in
               the
               Bosom
               of
               his
               Sister's
               Son.
               In
               the
               mean
               time
               his
               Adversary
               having
               pleaded
               against
               him
               ,
               the
               Judges
               gave
               Sentence
               for
               his
               Client
               .
               But
               then
               so
               soon
               as
               the
               Court
               rose
               ,
               he
               was
               found
               dead
               in
               the
               Bosom
               of
               his
               Nephew
               .
               The
               City
               however
               made
               a
               sumptuous
               Funeral
               for
               him
               ,
               and
               caus'd
               this
               Anagram
               to
               be
               inscrib'd
               upon
               his
               Monument
               .
               
                 
                 
                   This
                   Marble
                   by
                   the
                   fam'd
                   Priene
                   rear'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   Iona's
                   Glory
                   covers
                   here
                   interr'd
                   .
                
              
            
             
               To
               which
               we
               may
               add
               another
               of
               our
               own
               .
               
                 
                   For
                   Bias
                   this
                   ,
                   whom
                   in
                   a
                   gentle
                   Dream
                
                 
                   Hermes
                   convey'd
                   to
                   the
                   Elysian
                   stream
                   .
                
                 
                   Yet
                   not
                   till
                   Age
                   upon
                   his
                   Hair
                   had
                   snow'd
                   ;
                
                 
                   When
                   spent
                   with
                   pleading
                   in
                   the
                   sultry
                   Crowd
                
                 
                   His
                   friend's
                   just
                   Cause
                   ,
                   he
                   went
                   aside
                   to
                   rest
                
                 
                   His
                   drooping
                   Head
                   against
                   his
                   Nephew's
                   Breast
                   :
                
                 
                   Whence
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   Trance
                   expiring
                   his
                   last
                   Breath
                   ,
                
                 
                   He
                   fell
                   asleep
                   into
                   the
                   Arms
                   of
                   Death
                   .
                
              
            
             
               He
               wrote
               concerning
               the
               Affairs
               of
               Iona
               ,
               more
               especially
               by
               what
               means
               it
               might
               preserve
               it self
               in
               a
               happy
               and
               flourishing
               condition
               ,
               to
               the
               number
               of
               two
               Thousand
               Verses
               in
               Heroic
               Measure
               .
            
             
               The
               choicest
               of
               his
               Sentences
               were
               these
               .
               To
               be
               complaisant
               and
               familiar
               among
               the
               People
               where
               we
               live
               ;
               as
               being
               that
               which
               begat
               both
               love
               and
               respect
               :
               Whereas
               a
               haughty
               demeanour
               prov'd
               many
               times
               the
               occasion
               of
               much
               mischief
               .
               That
               to
               be
               stout
               ,
               was
               the
               gift
               of
               Nature
               ;
               to
               advise
               what
               was
               profitable
               
               to
               a
               Man's
               Country
               was
               the
               gift
               of
               a
               Prudent
               Mind
               ;
               but
               that
               Wealth
               was
               to
               many
               the
               benignity
               of
               Fortune
               .
               He
               accounted
               him
               unfortunate
               that
               could
               not
               brook
               misfortune
               ;
               and
               said
               it
               was
               a
               disease
               of
               the
               Soul
               to
               love
               and
               desire
               impossibilities
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               unmindful
               of
               other
               Mens
               miseries
               .
               Being
               ask'd
               what
               was
               difficult
               ?
               He
               answer'd
               ,
               
                 Generously
                 to
                 brook
                 an
                 alteration
                 for
                 the
                 worse
                 .
              
               Going
               a
               Voyage
               once
               with
               certain
               irreligious
               Persons
               ,
               who
               in
               the
               height
               of
               a
               raging
               Tempest
               loudly
               invok'd
               the
               Gods
               ,
               Peace
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 lest
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 understand
                 that
                 you
                 are
                 here
                 .
              
               Being
               ask'd
               by
               an
               irreligious
               person
               ,
               what
               irreligion
               was
               ?
               To
               a
               second
               question
               ,
               why
               he
               made
               no
               answer
               ?
               He
               reply'd
               ,
               
                 Because
                 thou
                 askest
                 me
                 that
                 which
                 nothing
                 concerns
                 thee
                 .
              
               To
               the
               question
               what
               was
               pleasing
               to
               Men
               ?
               He
               answer'd
               Hope
               .
               He
               said
               ,
               it
               was
               more
               easie
               to
               determine
               differences
               between
               Enemies
               than
               Friends
               .
               For
               that
               of
               two
               Friends
               ,
               the
               one
               would
               prove
               an
               Enemy
               :
               but
               of
               two
               Enemies
               ,
               the
               other
               would
               become
               a
               Friend
               .
               To
               the
               question
               ,
               What
               was
               most
               delightful
               for
               a
               Man
               to
               do
               ?
               He
               answer'd
               ,
               
                 To
                 be
                 always
                 gaining
              
               .
               He
               advis'd
               Men
               so
               to
               measure
               their
               lives
               ,
               as
               they
               that
               were
               to
               live
               either
               a
               long
               or
               a
               short
               time
               ;
               and
               so
               to
               love
               as
               if
               we
               were
               to
               hate
               .
            
             
             
               His
               Admonitions
               were
               ,
               
                 Slowly
                 to
                 undertake
                 an
                 intended
                 design
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 persist
                 in
                 what
                 a
                 Man
                 has
                 once
                 resolv'd
                 upon
                 .
                 Not
                 to
                 let
                 the
                 Tongue
                 run
                 before
                 the
                 Wit
                 ;
                 as
                 being
                 a
                 sign
                 of
                 madness
                 :
                 To
                 love
                 Prudence
                 :
                 To
                 discourse
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 :
                 Not
                 to
                 praise
                 an
                 unworthy
                 person
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 his
                 wealth
                 :
                 To
                 receive
                 perswading
                 ,
                 not
                 constraining
                 :
                 Whatever
                 good
                 we
                 do
                 ,
                 to
                 ascribe
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 :
                 To
                 take
                 wisdom
                 for
                 our
                 provision
                 in
                 our
                 Journey
                 from
                 Youth
                 to
                 Old
                 Age
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 the
                 ,
                 most
                 certain
                 and
                 durable
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 Possessions
                 .
              
            
             
               Hipponax
               also
               makes
               mention
               of
               Bias
               ;
               and
               the
               morose
               Heraclitus
               gives
               him
               the
               highest
               Applause
               in
               these
               words
               :
               Bias
               
                 the
                 Son
                 of
              
               Teutamus
               
                 was
                 born
                 at
              
               Priene
               ,
               
                 much
                 more
                 esteem'd
                 than
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 .
              
               And
               the
               Prienaeans
               consecrated
               a
               Temple
               to
               him
               ,
               by
               the
               name
               of
               Tentameion
               .
            
          
           
             
               THE
               LIFE
               of
               CLEOBULUS
               .
            
             
               CLeobulus
               the
               Lindian
               ,
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Evagoras
               ;
               but
               as
               Doris
               relates
               ,
               a
               Carian
               .
               And
               some
               there
               are
               who
               derive
               
               his
               descent
               from
               Hercules
               ;
               but
               that
               he
               excell'd
               the
               Hero
               in
               strength
               and
               beauty
               :
               That
               he
               learn'd
               his
               Philosophy
               in
               Egypt
               ;
               and
               that
               he
               had
               a
               Daughter
               ,
               Cleobuline
               ,
               who
               compos'd
               several
               Enigmaes
               in
               Hexameter
               Verse
               :
               Of
               whom
               also
               Cratinus
               makes
               mention
               ;
               in
               a
               Poem
               of
               the
               same
               name
               ,
               writing
               in
               the
               Plural
               Number
               .
               Farther
               it
               is
               reported
               ,
               That
               he
               repair'd
               the
               Temple
               of
               Minerva
               at
               Athens
               ,
               built
               by
               Danaus
               .
               He
               also
               compos'd
               several
               Songs
               ,
               and
               obscure
               Problems
               ,
               to
               the
               number
               of
               three
               thousand
               Verses
               .
               And
               some
               affirm
               that
               he
               made
               the
               following
               Epigram
               upon
               Midas
               .
               
                 
                   I
                   am
                   that
                   Brazen
                   Virgin
                   ,
                   fixed
                   here
                
                 
                   To
                   Midas
                   Tomb
                   ,
                   that
                   never
                   hence
                   must
                   stir
                   ;
                
                 
                   Who
                   till
                   the
                   liquid
                   waters
                   cease
                   to
                   flow
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   the
                   tall
                   Trees
                   in
                   Woods
                   forbear
                   to
                   grow
                   ;
                
                 
                   Till
                   Phoebus
                   once
                   forget
                   his
                   course
                   to
                   run
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   the
                   pale
                   Moon
                   for
                   sake
                   her
                   Mate
                   ,
                   the
                   Sun
                   ;
                
                 
                   Till
                   springs
                   of
                   Rivers
                   stopt
                   ,
                   their
                   Streams
                   no
                   more
                
                 
                   Into
                   the
                   dry'd
                   up
                   Sea
                   shall
                   headlong
                   pour
                   ,
                
                 
                   Must
                   here
                   remain
                   by
                   a
                   perpetual
                   Doom
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   tell
                   that
                   Midas
                   lies
                   beneath
                   this
                   Tomb.
                   
                
              
            
             
               This
               they
               confirm
               by
               the
               Testimony
               of
               Simonides
               ,
               where
               he
               cries
               out
               ,
               
                 What
                 Man
                 in
                 his
                 wits
                 can
                 be
                 so
                 impertinent
                 as
                 to
                 applaud
              
               
               Cleobulus
               the
               Lindian
               ,
               
                 for
                 equalling
                 a
                 Statue
                 ,
                 in
                 diuturnity
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 course
                 of
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 Vernal
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 the
                 Beams
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 the
                 Light
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 ,
                 and
                 Waves
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ?
                 For
                 all
                 these
                 things
                 ,
              
               says
               he
               ,
               
                 are
                 inferiour
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ;
                 but
                 for
                 a
                 Stone
                 ,
                 how
                 easily
                 is
                 it
                 broken
                 by
                 mortal
                 hands
                 ?
              
               So
               that
               at
               last
               he
               calls
               Cleobulus
               in
               plain
               Terms
               a
               meer
               mad
               Man.
               Whence
               it
               is
               apparent
               that
               it
               was
               none
               of
               
               Homer's
               ,
               who
               ,
               as
               they
               say
               ,
               was
               many
               years
               before
               Midas
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               likewise
               extant
               in
               
               Pamphila's
               Commentaries
               ,
               an
               Enigma
               of
               his
               ,
               in
               these
               words
               .
               
                 
                   One
                   Father
                   has
                   twelve
                   Sons
                   ,
                   and
                   each
                   of
                   these
                
                 
                   Has
                   thirty
                   various
                   colour'd
                   Sons
                   apiece
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   some
                   are
                   white
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   in
                   black
                   disguise
                   ,
                
                 
                   Immortal
                   too
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   not
                   one
                   but
                   dies
                   .
                
              
            
             
               By
               which
               is
               meant
               the
               year
               .
            
             
               His
               chiefest
               and
               most
               celebrated
               Sentences
               were
               these
               .
               That
               ignorance
               and
               multitude
               of
               words
               predominates
               in
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               Mankind
               ;
               whereas
               Opportunity
               and
               Season
               would
               suffice
               .
               That
               vertue
               and
               honour
               ought
               to
               be
               our
               chiefest
               study
               ;
               and
               that
               we
               ought
               to
               avoid
               Vanity
               and
               Ingratitude
               .
               That
               we
               ought
               to
               give
               our
               Daughters
               that
               Education
               ,
               that
               when
               they
               come
               to
               be
               married
               ,
               they
               
               should
               be
               Virgins
               in
               Age
               ,
               but
               Women
               in
               Prudence
               .
               That
               we
               ought
               to
               be
               kind
               to
               our
               Friends
               ,
               to
               make
               'em
               more
               our
               Friends
               ;
               and
               to
               our
               Enemies
               ,
               to
               gain
               their
               Friendship
               .
               That
               we
               ought
               to
               beware
               being
               upbraided
               by
               our
               Friends
               ,
               and
               ensnared
               by
               our
               Enemies
               .
               That
               when
               a
               Man
               goes
               abroad
               he
               should
               consider
               what
               he
               has
               to
               do
               ,
               and
               when
               he
               returns
               home
               ,
               what
               he
               has
               done
               .
               That
               it
               was
               the
               duty
               of
               all
               Men
               to
               be
               more
               desirous
               to
               hear
               than
               speak
               ;
               and
               to
               be
               lovers
               of
               Instruction
               rather
               than
               Illiterate
               .
               To
               restrain
               the
               Tongue
               from
               Slander
               and
               Back-biting
               ;
               fly
               injustice
               ,
               and
               advise
               the
               Public
               to
               the
               best
               advantage
               .
               To
               refrain
               voluptuous
               Pleasure
               ;
               act
               nothing
               violently
               ;
               give
               Children
               good
               Education
               ,
               and
               reconcile
               Enmity
               .
               Neither
               to
               flatter
               nor
               contend
               with
               a
               Woman
               in
               the
               presence
               of
               Strangers
               ;
               the
               one
               being
               a
               sign
               of
               Folly
               ,
               the
               other
               of
               Madness
               .
               To
               marry
               among
               Equals
               ;
               for
               he
               that
               marries
               a
               Wife
               superiour
               to
               himself
               ,
               must
               be
               a
               slave
               to
               her
               Relations
               .
               Not
               to
               be
               puft
               up
               with
               prosperity
               ,
               nor
               to
               despair
               in
               want
               ;
               and
               generously
               to
               brook
               the
               Changes
               of
               Fortune
               .
            
             
               He
               dy'd
               an
               old
               Man
               in
               the
               Seventieth
               year
               of
               his
               Age
               ,
               and
               had
               this
               Epitaph
               engrav'd
               upon
               his
               Monument
               .
               
                 
                 
                   Wise
                   Cleobulus
                   was
                   no
                   sooner
                   gone
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   Sea-girt
                   Lindus
                   did
                   his
                   loss
                   bemoan
                   .
                
              
            
             
               There
               is
               also
               extant
               the
               following
               short
               Epistle
               of
               his
               to
               Solon
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   Cleobulus
                   to
                   Solon
                   .
                
                 
                   MAny
                   are
                   thy
                   Friends
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   Mens
                   doors
                   are
                   open
                   to
                   receive
                   thee
                   .
                   However
                   I
                   believe
                   that
                   Lindus
                   being
                   under
                   a
                   Democratical
                   Government
                   ,
                   can
                   never
                   be
                   inconvenient
                   for
                   Solon
                   ,
                   where
                   he
                   may
                   live
                   out
                   of
                   fear
                   of
                   Pisistratus
                   ;
                   beside
                   that
                   being
                   a
                   Sea
                   Town
                   ,
                   he
                   may
                   be
                   certain
                   of
                   the
                   visits
                   of
                   his
                   Friends
                   from
                   all
                   part
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
               THE
               LIFE
               of
               PERIANDER
               .
            
             
               PEriander
               the
               Corinthian
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Cypselus
               ,
               of
               the
               Race
               of
               the
               Heraclidae
               .
               He
               marry'd
               Lysida
               ,
               whom
               he
               himself
               call'd
               by
               the
               name
               of
               Melissa
               ,
               the
               Daughter
               of
               Procleus
               ,
               Tyrant
               of
               Epidaurum
               ,
               and
               Eristhenea
               ,
               the
               Daughter
               of
               Aristocrates
               ,
               and
               
               Sister
               of
               Aristodemus
               :
               Which
               Procleus
               ,
               as
               
                 Heraclides
                 Ponticus
              
               witnesses
               in
               his
               Book
               of
               Government
               ,
               extended
               his
               Dominion
               almost
               over
               all
               Arcadia
               .
               By
               her
               he
               had
               two
               Sons
               Cypselus
               and
               Lycophron
               ;
               of
               which
               the
               younger
               became
               a
               Wise
               Man
               ,
               the
               elder
               grew
               a
               meer
               Natural
               .
               After
               some
               time
               ,
               in
               the
               height
               of
               his
               Passion
               he
               threw
               his
               Wise
               under
               the
               Stairs
               ,
               being
               then
               big
               with
               Child
               ,
               and
               spurn'd
               her
               to
               death
               ,
               incensed
               thereto
               by
               his
               Harlots
               ;
               which
               afterwards
               ,
               nevertheles
               ,
               he
               flung
               into
               the
               fire
               and
               burnt
               :
               And
               then
               renounc'd
               his
               Son
               Lycophron
               ,
               and
               sent
               him
               into
               Corcyra
               ,
               for
               weeping
               at
               his
               Mother's
               Funeral
               .
               However
               ,
               when
               he
               grew
               in
               years
               he
               sent
               for
               him
               again
               to
               invest
               him
               in
               the
               Tyranny
               while
               he
               liv'd
               .
               Which
               the
               Corcyreans
               understanding
               ,
               resolved
               to
               prevent
               his
               design
               ,
               and
               so
               slew
               the
               young
               Prince
               .
               At
               which
               Periander
               enrag'd
               ,
               sent
               their
               Children
               to
               Alyattes
               to
               be
               Eunuchiz'd
               .
               But
               when
               the
               Ship
               arriv'd
               at
               Samos
               ,
               the
               Children
               ,
               upon
               their
               supplications
               to
               Juno
               ,
               were
               sav'd
               by
               the
               Samians
               .
               Which
               when
               the
               Tyrant
               understood
               ,
               he
               dy'd
               for
               very
               anguish
               of
               mind
               ,
               being
               at
               that
               time
               fourscore
               years
               of
               Age.
               Sosicrates
               affirms
               ,
               That
               he
               dy'd
               before
               Croesus
               ,
               one
               and
               forty
               years
               before
               the
               forty
               ninth
               
                 Olympiad
                 .
                 Heredetus
              
               also
               reports
               ,
               That
               he
               was
               entertain'd
               
               by
               Thrasybulus
               ,
               Tyrant
               of
               the
               Milesians
               .
               In
               like
               manner
               Aristippus
               in
               his
               first
               Book
               of
               Antiquities
               relates
               thus
               much
               farther
               concerning
               him
               ,
               How
               that
               his
               Mother
               Cratea
               ,
               being
               desperately
               in
               love
               with
               him
               ,
               privately
               enjoy'd
               him
               ,
               nothing
               scrupulous
               of
               the
               Crime
               :
               But
               that
               when
               the
               Incest
               came
               to
               be
               discover'd
               ,
               he
               grew
               uneasie
               to
               all
               his
               Subjects
               ,
               out
               of
               meer
               madness
               that
               his
               insane
               Amours
               were
               brought
               to
               light
               .
            
             
               Ephorus
               ,
               moreover
               ,
               tells
               us
               another
               Story
               ,
               That
               he
               made
               a
               Vow
               ,
               if
               he
               won
               his
               Chariot
               Race
               at
               the
               Olympic
               Games
               ,
               to
               offer
               up
               a
               Golden
               Statue
               to
               the
               Deity
               .
               But
               when
               he
               had
               won
               the
               Victory
               ,
               he
               wanted
               money
               ;
               and
               therefore
               understanding
               that
               the
               Women
               would
               be
               all
               in
               their
               Pomp
               ,
               upon
               such
               a
               solemn
               approaching
               Festival
               ,
               he
               sent
               and
               despoil'd
               'em
               of
               all
               their
               Rings
               ,
               and
               Jewels
               ,
               and
               by
               that
               means
               supply'd
               himself
               for
               the
               performance
               of
               his
               Vow
               .
            
             
               Some
               there
               are
               who
               report
               ,
               That
               designing
               to
               conceal
               the
               Place
               of
               his
               Burial
               ,
               he
               made
               use
               of
               this
               Invention
               .
               He
               commanded
               two
               young
               Men
               (
               shewing
               'em
               a
               certain
               Road
               )
               to
               set
               forth
               in
               the
               night
               ,
               and
               to
               kill
               and
               bury
               him
               they
               met
               first
               ;
               after
               them
               he
               sent
               four
               more
               ,
               with
               command
               to
               kill
               and
               bury
               them
               ;
               and
               after
               those
               he
               sent
               a
               greater
               
               number
               ,
               with
               the
               same
               Orders
               ;
               by
               which
               means
               meeting
               the
               first
               he
               was
               slain
               himself
               .
               However
               the
               Corinthians
               would
               not
               suffer
               his
               supposed
               Tomb
               ,
               to
               go
               without
               an
               Anagram
               ,
               in
               memory
               of
               so
               great
               a
               Person
               ,
               in
               these
               words
               .
               
                 
                   For
                   Wealth
                   and
                   Wisdom
                   Periander
                   fam'd
                
                 
                   Now
                   Corinth
                   holds
                   ,
                   the
                   place
                   where
                   once
                   he
                   reign'd
                   .
                
                 
                   Close
                   to
                   the
                   Shore
                   he
                   lies
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   same
                   Earth
                
                 
                   Conceals
                   him
                   now
                   ,
                   that
                   gave
                   him
                   once
                   his
                   Birth
                   .
                
              
            
             
               To
               which
               we
               may
               add
               another
               of
               our
               own
               .
               
                 
                   Ne'er
                   grieve
                   because
                   thou
                   art
                   not
                   Rich
                   or
                   Wise
                   :
                
                 
                   But
                   what
                   the
                   Gods
                   bestow
                   ,
                   let
                   that
                   suffice
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   here
                   we
                   see
                   great
                   Periander
                   gone
                   ,
                
                 
                   With
                   all
                   his
                   Wealth
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   his
                   high
                   Renown
                   ;
                
                 
                   Extinct
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   Grave
                   laid
                   low
                   ;
                   for
                   all
                
                 
                   His
                   Art
                   and
                   Wit
                   could
                   not
                   prevent
                   his
                   Fall.
                   
                
              
            
             
               It
               was
               one
               of
               his
               Admonitions
               to
               do
               nothing
               for
               Money
               's
               sake
               ,
               and
               to
               Princes
               that
               designed
               to
               reign
               securely
               ,
               to
               guard
               themselves
               with
               the
               good
               Will
               of
               their
               Subjects
               ,
               not
               with
               Arms.
               Being
               asked
               why
               he
               persisted
               to
               govern
               singly
               ?
               He
               answered
               ,
               Because
               't
               was
               equally
               dangerous
               to
               resign
               ,
               whether
               willingly
               or
               by
               Compulsion
               .
            
             
             
               Some
               of
               his
               Apothegms
               were
               these
               .
               
                 That
                 Peace
                 was
                 a
                 good
                 thing
                 ,
                 Precipitancy
                 dangerous
                 :
                 That
                 Democracy
                 was
                 better
                 than
                 Tyranny
                 :
                 That
                 Pleasure
                 was
                 Corruptible
                 and
                 Transitory
                 ;
                 but
                 Honour
                 Immortal
                 .
                 In
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 be
                 moderate
                 ,
                 in
                 Adversity
                 Prudent
                 .
                 Be
                 the
                 same
                 to
                 thy
                 Friends
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 their
                 Misfortunes
                 as
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 Splendour
                 .
                 Be
                 punctual
                 to
                 thy
                 Promises
                 .
                 Beware
                 of
                 betraying
                 a
                 Secret.
                 Punish
                 not
                 only
                 Offenders
                 ,
                 but
                 those
                 that
                 design
                 to
                 Offend
                 .
              
               He
               was
               the
               first
               that
               made
               use
               of
               a
               Life-guard
               ,
               and
               that
               changed
               Democratical
               Government
               into
               Tyranny
               ,
               nor
               would
               he
               permit
               every
               one
               that
               desired
               it
               ,
               to
               live
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               as
               Euphorus
               and
               Aristotle
               testify
               .
            
             
               He
               flourished
               in
               his
               Prime
               ,
               about
               the
               thirty
               third
               Olympiad
               ,
               and
               reigned
               full
               Forty
               Years
               .
               Nevertheless
               
                 Sotion
                 Heraclides
              
               ,
               and
               Pamphila
               affirm
               ,
               That
               there
               were
               two
               Perianders
               ,
               one
               a
               Tyrant
               ,
               the
               other
               a
               
                 Wise
                 Man
              
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Tyrant
               was
               an
               Ambraciote
               ;
               however
               Neanthes
               of
               Cyzicum
               will
               have
               'em
               to
               be
               Cousin
               Germans
               .
               Aristotle
               also
               asserts
               the
               Corinthian
               to
               be
               the
               
                 Wise
                 Man
              
               ;
               and
               Plato
               denies
               it
               .
               Whoever
               it
               were
               he
               designed
               it
               seems
               to
               have
               digged
               down
               the
               Neck
               of
               the
               Isthmus
               :
               and
               his
               Motto
               was
               this
               ,
               
                 Premeditation
                 does
                 all
                 things
              
               .
               There
               are
               also
               extant
               several
               Epistles
               
               of
               his
               ,
               and
               among
               the
               rest
               these
               that
               follow
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   Periander
                   to
                   the
                   
                     Wise
                     Men.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     IMmortal
                     Thanks
                     to
                     
                       Pythian
                       Apollo
                    
                     ,
                     that
                     my
                     Letters
                     found
                     ye
                     all
                     together
                     :
                     And
                     therefore
                     I
                     expect
                     your
                     Coming
                     ,
                     assuring
                     you
                     of
                     a
                     welcome
                     befitting
                     the
                     quality
                     of
                     your
                     Persons
                     .
                     For
                     seeing
                     that
                     you
                     were
                     so
                     ready
                     the
                     last
                     Year
                     to
                     visit
                     Sardis
                     in
                     Lydia
                     ,
                     I
                     make
                     no
                     question
                     but
                     that
                     you
                     will
                     vouchsafe
                     your
                     Company
                     to
                     the
                     Tyrant
                     of
                     Corinth
                     ,
                     nor
                     will
                     the
                     Corinthian
                     be
                     unmindful
                     to
                     congratulate
                     your
                     coming
                     to
                     
                     Periander's
                     Habitation
                     .
                  
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   Periander
                   to
                   Procleus
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     I
                     Do
                     not
                     hear
                     the
                     Crime
                     which
                     thy
                     Wise
                     committed
                     was
                     done
                     voluntarily
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     thou
                     wilt
                     do
                     ill
                     ,
                     if
                     thou
                     shalt
                     act
                     premeditately
                     any
                     thing
                     against
                     thy
                     ungrateful
                     Son.
                     Forbear
                     therefore
                     thy
                     Cruelty
                     toward
                     the
                     Youth
                     ,
                     or
                     I
                     will
                     assist
                     and
                     defend
                     him
                     ,
                     in
                     regard
                     he
                     has
                     suffered
                     enough
                     already
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   We
                   also
                   find
                   another
                   Letter
                   ,
                   written
                   from
                   Thrasybulus
                   to
                   Periander
                   ,
                   in
                   these
                   Words
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                 
                   Thrasybulus
                   to
                   Periander
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     WE
                     dissembled
                     nothing
                     to
                     thy
                     Heraulds
                     ,
                     for
                     I
                     led
                     him
                     to
                     the
                     standing
                     Corn
                     ,
                     and
                     with
                     my
                     wand
                     in
                     his
                     Presence
                     ,
                     struck
                     off
                     the
                     Ears
                     that
                     grew
                     up
                     above
                     the
                     rest
                     :
                     ask
                     him
                     therefore
                     ,
                     and
                     he
                     will
                     tell
                     thee
                     what
                     he
                     heard
                     me
                     say
                     ,
                     and
                     what
                     he
                     saw
                     me
                     do
                     .
                     Then
                     follow
                     my
                     advice
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     be
                     thy
                     design
                     to
                     establish
                     thy
                     regal
                     Power
                     ,
                     cut
                     off
                     the
                     Principal
                     Men
                     of
                     the
                     City
                     ,
                     whether
                     Friends
                     or
                     Enemies
                     :
                     For
                     Friends
                     and
                     Foes
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     alike
                     suspected
                     by
                     a
                     Tyrant
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             
               THE
               LIFE
               of
               ANACHARSIS
               .
            
             
               ANACHARSIS
               ,
               a
               Scythian
               ,
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Gnurus
               ,
               and
               Brother
               of
               Cadovidas
               King
               of
               the
               Scythians
               ;
               his
               Mother
               being
               a
               Grecian
               ;
               by
               which
               means
               he
               spoke
               both
               the
               Languages
               .
            
             
               He
               wrote
               concerning
               the
               Laws
               of
               the
               Scythians
               ,
               the
               Rites
               and
               Solemnities
               among
               the
               Grecians
               ,
               concerning
               a
               Frugal
               Life
               ,
               and
               military
               affairs
               ,
               to
               the
               Number
               
               of
               nine
               Hundred
               Verses
               .
               Being
               bold
               and
               resolute
               in
               Speaking
               ,
               he
               gave
               occasion
               to
               the
               Proverb
               ,
               That
               whoever
               imitated
               his
               resolution
               ,
               was
               said
               to
               speak
               like
               a
               Scythian
               .
            
             
               Sosicrates
               affirms
               that
               he
               arrived
               at
               Athens
               about
               the
               Forty
               seventh
               Olympiad
               ,
               at
               what
               time
               Eucrates
               was
               chief
               Magistrate
               of
               the
               City
               .
               Hermippus
               relates
               ,
               That
               at
               the
               same
               time
               he
               went
               to
               
               Solon's
               House
               ,
               and
               bid
               one
               of
               the
               Servants
               tell
               his
               Master
               ,
               that
               Anacharsis
               was
               at
               the
               Door
               ,
               desirous
               of
               his
               Acquaintance
               ,
               and
               ,
               if
               it
               were
               convenient
               ,
               to
               be
               his
               Guest
               ;
               which
               Message
               the
               Servant
               repeating
               to
               Solon
               ,
               was
               sent
               back
               with
               this
               Answer
               ,
               That
               Guests
               were
               made
               by
               those
               that
               were
               in
               their
               own
               Country
               .
               Upon
               which
               ,
               Anacharsis
               entred
               into
               the
               House
               with
               this
               Complement
               ;
               
                 Now
                 then
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 am
                 in
                 my
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 belongs
                 to
                 me
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Guests
                 .
              
               Thereupon
               Solon
               admiring
               the
               dexterity
               of
               the
               Person
               ,
               not
               only
               gave
               him
               admittance
               ,
               but
               made
               him
               one
               of
               his
               most
               intimate
               Friends
               .
               Sometime
               after
               returning
               into
               Scythia
               ,
               while
               he
               endeavoured
               to
               alter
               the
               Laws
               of
               his
               Country
               ,
               and
               to
               introduce
               the
               Grecian
               Constitutions
               ,
               he
               was
               shot
               through
               the
               Body
               by
               his
               Brother
               ,
               as
               he
               rode
               a
               Hunting
               ,
               breathing
               forth
               these
               last
               words
               as
               he
               expired
               :
               For
               my
               Learning's
               
               sake
               I
               was
               preserved
               in
               Greece
               ,
               but
               perished
               ,
               through
               Envy
               at
               Home
               ,
               and
               in
               my
               Country
               .
               Others
               say
               that
               he
               was
               slain
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               offering
               to
               the
               Gods
               after
               the
               Greek
               manner
               .
               However
               it
               were
               ,
               the
               first
               report
               produced
               this
               Anagram
               of
               ours
               .
               
                 
                   Through
                   many
                   Regions
                   view'd
                   ,
                   and
                   dangers
                   past
                   ,
                
                 
                   Great
                   Anacharsis
                   home
                   returns
                   at
                   last
                   ;
                
                 
                   And
                   straight
                   by
                   soft
                   Perswasion
                   seeks
                   to
                   draw
                
                 
                   The
                   ruder
                   Scythians
                   to
                   the
                   Grecian
                   Law.
                
                 
                   But
                   ere
                   th'
                   imperfect
                   words
                   he
                   could
                   impart
                   ,
                
                 
                   A
                   feather'd
                   Arrow
                   pierc'd
                   his
                   bleeding
                   heart
                   .
                
              
            
             
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               that
               the
               Vine
               bare
               three
               sorts
               of
               Clusters
               :
               the
               first
               of
               Pleasure
               ;
               the
               second
               of
               Debauchery
               ;
               and
               the
               third
               of
               Discontent
               and
               Repentance
               .
               He
               admired
               how
               it
               came
               to
               pass
               ,
               that
               in
               the
               Contentions
               among
               the
               Grecian
               Artificers
               ,
               the
               worst
               Artists
               were
               still
               made
               the
               Judges
               of
               the
               Dispute
               .
               Being
               asked
               how
               a
               Man
               might
               best
               preserve
               himself
               Sober
               ?
               He
               answered
               ,
               
                 By
                 setting
                 before
                 the
                 Eyes
                 the
                 evil
                 Behaviour
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 drank
                 to
                 Excess
                 .
              
               He
               wondred
               why
               the
               Grecian
               Legislators
               enacting
               Laws
               against
               the
               Injurious
               ,
               honoured
               the
               Wrestlers
               ,
               that
               daily
               mischiefed
               one
               another
               .
               When
               he
               understood
               the
               Plancks
               of
               a
               Ship
               to
               be
               
               but
               four
               Fingers
               thick
               ,
               he
               said
               that
               was
               the
               distance
               between
               Death
               ,
               and
               those
               that
               went
               by
               Sea.
               He
               called
               Oil
               the
               
                 Provocative
                 of
                 Madness
              
               ,
               observing
               that
               the
               Wrestlers
               being
               anointed
               with
               it
               ,
               were
               the
               more
               enraged
               one
               against
               another
               .
               
                 How
                 comes
                 it
                 to
                 pass
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 forbid
                 Lying
                 ,
                 Lye
                 so
                 frequently
                 in
                 the
                 common
                 Victualling-Houses
                 ?
              
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               wonder
               why
               the
               Greeks
               at
               the
               beginning
               of
               their
               Banquets
               ,
               drank
               in
               little
               Cups
               ;
               but
               when
               their
               Stomachs
               were
               full
               ,
               still
               quaff'd
               on
               in
               large
               Bowls
               ?
               Upon
               his
               Statues
               this
               admonition
               is
               generally
               engraved
               ,
               
                 to
                 govern
                 the
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 the
                 Belly
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Privy-Members
                 .
              
               Being
               asked
               whether
               there
               were
               any
               Fifes
               in
               Scythia
               ,
               he
               made
               answer
               ,
               
                 No
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 Vines
                 neither
                 .
              
               To
               the
               question
               what
               sort
               of
               Ships
               were
               safest
               ?
               He
               answered
               ,
               
                 Those
                 that
                 were
                 come
                 into
                 Harbour
                 .
              
            
             
               Another
               thing
               he
               also
               admired
               among
               the
               Grecians
               ,
               that
               they
               left
               the
               Smoke
               behind
               in
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               and
               brought
               the
               Wood
               into
               the
               City
               .
               To
               the
               question
               which
               were
               most
               ,
               the
               Living
               or
               the
               Dead
               ?
               he
               replied
               with
               another
               Question
               ,
               in
               the
               number
               of
               which
               they
               ranked
               those
               that
               ventured
               by
               Sea
               ?
               To
               an
               Athenian
               that
               upbraided
               him
               for
               being
               a
               Scythian
               ,
               he
               retorted
               ,
               
                 My
                 Country
                 indeed
                 is
                 a
                 reproach
                 to
                 
                 me
                 ,
                 but
                 thou
                 to
                 thy
                 Country
                 .
              
               To
               the
               question
               ,
               What
               was
               good
               or
               bad
               in
               Men
               ?
               He
               answer'd
               ,
               
                 The
                 Tongue
              
               .
               He
               us'd
               to
               say
               ,
               't
               was
               better
               to
               have
               one
               good
               friend
               ,
               than
               many
               that
               were
               Men
               of
               no
               worth
               .
               He
               accounted
               the
               Market
               a
               place
               appointed
               for
               Men
               to
               deceive
               one
               another
               ,
               and
               display
               their
               Avarice
               .
               Being
               affronted
               by
               a
               young
               Man
               at
               a
               Compotation
               ,
               
                 Young
                 Ma●
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 if
                 thou
                 caust
                 not
                 bear
                 Wine
                 in
                 thy
                 Youth
                 ,
                 thou
                 wilt
                 carry
                 Water
                 when
                 thou
                 art
                 Old.
              
               He
               is
               said
               to
               have
               invented
               for
               the
               benefit
               of
               Mankind
               ,
               the
               Anchor
               ,
               and
               the
               Potters
               Wheel
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               also
               extant
               the
               following
               Epistle
               of
               his
               to
               Croesus
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   Anacharsis
                   to
                   Croesus
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   Came
                   into
                   Greece
                   ,
                   O
                   King
                   of
                   the
                   Lydians
                   ,
                   to
                   learn
                   their
                   Customs
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Constitutions
                   .
                   I
                   want
                   no
                   Gold
                   ,
                   as
                   having
                   sufficient
                   for
                   a
                   better
                   Scythian
                   than
                   my self
                   ,
                   to
                   carry
                   me
                   back
                   into
                   my
                   Country
                   .
                   Nevertheless
                   I
                   will
                   attend
                   thee
                   at
                   Sardis
                   ,
                   esteeming
                   ,
                   as
                   a
                   high
                   honour
                   ,
                   thy
                   friendship
                   and
                   familiarity
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               THE
               LIFE
               of
               MYSO
               .
            
             
               MYSO
               the
               Son
               of
               Strymon
               (
               according
               to
               Sosicrates
               ,
               who
               follows
               Hermippus
               )
               was
               a
               Chenean
               by
               Birth
               ,
               so
               call'd
               from
               a
               certain
               OEtaean
               or
               Laconian
               Village
               ,
               and
               is
               reckon'd
               in
               the
               number
               of
               the
               
                 Seven
                 Wise
                 Men.
              
               Others
               say
               that
               his
               Father
               was
               a
               Tyrant
               of
               some
               City
               not
               mention'd
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               ,
               That
               when
               Anacharsis
               enquir'd
               of
               the
               Oracle
               ,
               whether
               any
               one
               were
               wiser
               than
               himself
               ,
               the
               Prophetes●
               return'd
               that
               Answer
               already
               recited
               in
               the
               Life
               of
               Thales
               .
               
                 
                   OEtaean
                   Myso
                   ,
                   born
                   in
                   Chenes
                   ,
                   I
                
                 
                   For
                   Wisdom
                   far
                   before
                   thee
                   magnifie
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Thereupon
               Anacharsis
               ,
               to
               satisfie
               his
               curiosity
               ,
               came
               to
               the
               Village
               ,
               where
               he
               found
               Myso
               in
               the
               Summer-time
               fitting
               the
               handle
               to
               his
               Plough
               ,
               
                 To
                 whom
                 ,
                 O
              
               Myso
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 now
                 the
                 Season
                 for
                 Ploughing
                 :
                 No
                 ,
              
               reply'd
               
                 Myso
                 ,
                 but
                 't
                 is
                 time
                 to
                 prepare
                 .
              
            
             
               Others
               report
               ,
               that
               the
               Oracle
               did
               not
               answer
               OEtaean
               ,
               but
               Eteian
               ;
               and
               they
               are
               
               very
               diligent
               in
               their
               enquiries
               who
               that
               Eteian
               should
               be
               ?
               Parmenides
               asserts
               it
               to
               be
               the
               Village
               of
               Laconia
               ,
               where
               Myso
               was
               born
               .
               Sosicrates
               affirms
               him
               to
               have
               been
               an
               Eteian
               by
               the
               Father's
               side
               ,
               but
               a
               Chenean
               by
               the
               Mother's
               side
               .
               Euthyphron
               the
               Son
               of
               
                 Heraclides
                 Ponticus
              
               ,
               asserts
               him
               to
               have
               been
               a
               Cretan
               ,
               for
               that
               Eteia
               was
               a
               City
               of
               
                 Creet
                 .
                 Anaxilaus
              
               will
               have
               him
               an
               
                 Arcadian
                 .
                 Hipponax
              
               also
               makes
               mention
               of
               him
               ,
               in
               these
               words
               ,
               And
               Myso
               ,
               whom
               Apollo
               
                 prefer'd
                 for
                 the
                 wisest
                 of
                 Men.
              
               Lastly
               ,
               Aristoxenus
               in
               his
               Medleys
               relates
               ,
               That
               he
               differ'd
               little
               in
               his
               Disposition
               and
               Manners
               from
               Apemas
               and
               Timon
               ;
               as
               being
               a
               Man-hater
               ,
               and
               once
               found
               laughing
               by
               himself
               in
               a
               Solitary
               Place
               .
               And
               when
               he
               was
               ask'd
               by
               him
               that
               had
               so
               discover'd
               him
               ,
               why
               he
               laugh'd
               by
               himself
               ?
               He
               answer'd
               ,
               
                 At
                 that
                 very
                 Accident
                 .
                 Aristoxenus
              
               therefore
               calls
               him
               ignoble
               ,
               as
               not
               being
               born
               in
               a
               City
               ,
               but
               in
               a
               Village
               ,
               and
               that
               an
               obscure
               one
               too
               .
               Which
               obscurity
               of
               his
               Birth
               was
               the
               reason
               that
               many
               of
               his
               sayings
               are
               attributed
               to
               the
               Tyrant
               Pisistratus
               ,
               by
               most
               Authors
               ,
               except
               Plato
               ;
               for
               he
               makes
               mention
               of
               him
               in
               his
               Protagoras
               in
               the
               stead
               of
               Periander
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               that
               things
               were
               not
               to
               be
               examin'd
               by
               words
               ,
               but
               words
               
               by
               things
               ;
               for
               that
               actions
               were
               not
               perform'd
               for
               the
               sake
               of
               words
               ,
               but
               tha●
               words
               were
               fram'd
               to
               set
               forth
               action●
               He
               dy'd
               in
               the
               ninety
               seventh
               year
               of
               hi●
               Age.
               
            
          
           
             
               THE
               LIFE
               of
               EPIMENIDES
               .
            
             
               EPimenides
               (
               according
               to
               Theopompus
               and
               several
               others
               )
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Phaestius
               :
               Of
               Dosiades
               ,
               as
               some
               say
               ;
               as
               others
               ,
               of
               Agesarchus
               :
               However
               it
               were
               ,
               he
               was
               by
               Birth
               a
               Cretan
               ,
               born
               in
               Gnossus
               ,
               where
               according
               to
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               Village
               ,
               he
               is
               said
               to
               have
               chang'd
               his
               shape
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               of
               him
               ,
               that
               when
               he
               was
               young
               ,
               his
               Father
               sent
               him
               a
               field
               to
               fetch
               home
               a
               Wether
               ;
               but
               that
               he
               in
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               day
               ,
               turning
               aside
               out
               of
               the
               way
               enter'd
               into
               a
               Cave
               ,
               and
               there
               falling
               a
               sleep
               ,
               slept
               on
               for
               fifty
               seven
               years
               together
               .
               When
               he
               awak'd
               ,
               he
               went
               to
               seek
               the
               Wether
               ,
               as
               one
               that
               believ'd
               he
               had
               slept
               not
               above
               an
               hour
               or
               two
               ;
               but
               not
               finding
               it
               ,
               he
               return'd
               to
               the
               Village
               .
               Where
               when
               he
               saw
               an
               unexpected
               change
               of
               unknown
               Faces
               ,
               and
               found
               the
               
               Land
               in
               the
               possession
               of
               a
               stranger
               ,
               he
               hasten'd
               to
               the
               City
               .
               At
               what
               time
               when
               he
               enter'd
               his
               own
               House
               ,
               he
               was
               ask'd
               who
               he
               was
               ,
               and
               what
               he
               would
               have
               ?
               He
               began
               to
               be
               in
               a
               deep
               amaze
               ,
               till
               being
               with
               much
               ado
               known
               by
               his
               younger
               Brother
               ,
               who
               was
               now
               grown
               into
               years
               ,
               from
               him
               he
               understood
               the
               whole
               Truth
               .
               Upon
               which
               his
               fame
               flying
               over
               all
               Greece
               ,
               he
               was
               look't
               upon
               as
               one
               belov'd
               of
               the
               Gods.
               Whence
               it
               came
               to
               pass
               ,
               that
               the
               Athenians
               being
               afterwards
               infected
               with
               a
               sore
               Pestilence
               ,
               upon
               the
               answer
               which
               they
               receiv'd
               from
               the
               Oracle
               ,
               that
               their
               City
               was
               to
               be
               purify'd
               ,
               they
               sent
               Nicias
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Niceratus
               ,
               into
               Creet
               to
               bring
               away
               Epimenides
               .
               Who
               coming
               in
               the
               forty
               seventh
               Olympiad
               ,
               purify'd
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               so
               the
               Plague
               ceas'd
               .
               To
               which
               purpose
               he
               took
               certain
               black
               and
               white
               Sheep
               ,
               and
               driving
               'em
               to
               the
               next
               Village
               ,
               let
               'em
               go
               which
               way
               they
               pleased
               of
               their
               own
               accord
               ,
               ordering
               those
               that
               follow'd
               'em
               ,
               to
               kill
               'em
               in
               the
               place
               where
               they
               rested
               ,
               and
               then
               to
               Sacrifice
               'em
               to
               the
               peculiar
               Deity
               .
               Insomuch
               that
               to
               this
               day
               there
               are
               to
               be
               seen
               several
               Altars
               in
               several
               of
               the
               Athenian
               Villages
               ,
               erected
               to
               an
               unknown
               Deity
               ,
               in
               memory
               of
               this
               Expiation
               .
               But
               by
               others
               ,
               the
               cause
               of
               that
               Pestilence
               is
               attributed
               to
               
               the
               Cylonian
               Fact
               ,
               for
               which
               two
               young
               Men
               Cratinus
               and
               Ctesibius
               dy'd
               ,
               and
               so
               the
               City
               was
               freed
               from
               the
               present
               Calamity
               .
               Thereupon
               the
               Athenians
               order'd
               a
               Talent
               to
               Epimenides
               ,
               and
               provided
               him
               a
               Ship
               to
               carry
               him
               back
               to
               Creet
               .
               But
               he
               refusing
               the
               money
               ,
               desired
               only
               to
               make
               a
               League
               of
               Friendship
               between
               the
               Athenians
               and
               the
               Gnossians
               ;
               and
               so
               returning
               home
               ,
               within
               a
               short
               time
               after
               he
               dy'd
               ,
               in
               the
               hundred
               fifty
               seventh
               year
               of
               his
               Age
               ,
               according
               to
               Phasgo
               ,
               in
               his
               History
               of
               long
               Livers
               :
               As
               the
               Cretans
               relate
               ,
               in
               his
               two
               hundred
               ninety
               ninth
               year
               :
               But
               ,
               as
               Xenophanes
               the
               Colophonian
               testifies
               that
               he
               heard
               by
               report
               ,
               in
               his
               hundred
               fifty
               fourth
               .
            
             
               He
               wrote
               the
               History
               of
               the
               Curetes
               ,
               and
               Corybants
               ,
               and
               the
               Pedigree
               of
               the
               Gods
               ,
               to
               the
               number
               of
               six
               thousand
               Verses
               .
               Also
               concerning
               the
               building
               and
               furniture
               of
               the
               Ship
               Argos
               ,
               and
               
               Jason's
               Voyage
               to
               Colchos
               to
               the
               number
               of
               six
               thousand
               five
               hundred
               Verses
               .
               In
               Prose
               he
               wrote
               of
               the
               Sacrifices
               and
               Common-wealth
               of
               the
               Cretans
               ;
               and
               of
               Minos
               and
               Rhadamanthus
               ,
               to
               the
               number
               of
               four
               thousand
               Verses
               .
               He
               also
               erected
               among
               the
               Athenians
               a
               Temple
               to
               the
               Venerable
               Gods
               ,
               as
               Lobon
               testifies
               in
               his
               Treatise
               of
               the
               Poets
               .
               He
               is
               also
               said
               to
               be
               the
               first
               
               that
               erected
               Temples
               ,
               and
               purify'd
               Houses
               and
               Fields
               by
               Processions
               and
               Sacrifices
               .
            
             
               Some
               there
               are
               ,
               who
               assert
               that
               he
               never
               slept
               ,
               but
               only
               retir'd
               himself
               out
               of
               the
               way
               ,
               busily
               employ'd
               about
               the
               cutting
               of
               Roots
               .
               There
               is
               also
               an
               Epistle
               of
               his
               to
               Solon
               ,
               concerning
               the
               Republic
               which
               Minos
               erected
               among
               the
               Cretans
               .
               But
               Demetrius
               the
               Magnesian
               ,
               in
               his
               Treatise
               of
               the
               Poets
               ,
               denies
               the
               Epistle
               to
               be
               Legitimate
               ,
               as
               not
               being
               writt'n
               in
               the
               Cretan
               ,
               but
               Attic
               Language
               ,
               and
               that
               not
               very
               ancient
               neither
               .
               However
               I
               found
               another
               Epistle
               of
               his
               in
               these
               words
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   Epimenides
                   to
                   Solon
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     BE
                     of
                     good
                     courage
                     ,
                     my
                     dear
                     Friend
                     .
                     For
                     had
                     the
                     Athenians
                     been
                     accustomed
                     to
                     servitude
                     ,
                     and
                     wanted
                     good
                     Laws
                     ,
                     when
                     Pisistratus
                     erected
                     his
                     Tyranny
                     ,
                     he
                     had
                     establish'd
                     himself
                     for
                     ever
                     .
                     But
                     now
                     he
                     has
                     not
                     enslav'd
                     a
                     sordid
                     People
                     ;
                     but
                     such
                     as
                     remembring
                     
                     Solon's
                     Laws
                     ,
                     bemoan
                     themselves
                     out
                     of
                     meer
                     shame
                     ,
                     and
                     will
                     no
                     longer
                     brook
                     his
                     severity
                     .
                     But
                     though
                     Pisistratus
                     have
                     invaded
                     the
                     Liberty
                     of
                     the
                     City
                     ,
                     yet
                     I
                     hope
                     the
                     Tyranny
                     will
                     not
                     descend
                     to
                     his
                     Successors
                     .
                     And
                     therefore
                     I
                     would
                     
                     not
                     have
                     thee
                     wander
                     about
                     too
                     far
                     ,
                     but
                     come
                     into
                     Creet
                     ,
                     where
                     there
                     is
                     no
                     single
                     Monarch
                     to
                     trouble
                     thee
                     .
                     And
                     beware
                     that
                     none
                     of
                     his
                     friends
                     do
                     light
                     upon
                     thee
                     by
                     the
                     way
                     ,
                     lest
                     mischief
                     befall
                     thee
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Some
                   there
                   are
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   report
                   of
                   Demetrius
                   ,
                   who
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   receiv'd
                   his
                   Food
                   from
                   the
                   Nymphs
                   ,
                   which
                   he
                   preserv'd
                   in
                   the
                   Hoof
                   of
                   an
                   Ox
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   he
                   took
                   a
                   little
                   at
                   Times
                   ,
                   never
                   needing
                   Evacuation
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   never
                   seen
                   to
                   Eat
                   .
                   Timaeus
                   also
                   makes
                   mention
                   of
                   him
                   in
                   his
                   Second
                   Book
                   .
                
                 
                   Others
                   there
                   are
                   who
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Cretans
                   offer'd
                   Sacrifices
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   as
                   a
                   God
                   ;
                   for
                   they
                   aver
                   him
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   most
                   skillful
                   in
                   Divination
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   observing
                   the
                   Munictrian
                   Port
                   among
                   the
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   he
                   told
                   'em
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   they
                   knew
                   what
                   Calamities
                   that
                   place
                   would
                   bring
                   upon
                   their
                   City
                   ,
                   they
                   would
                   tear
                   it
                   up
                   with
                   their
                   Teeth
                   .
                   He
                   is
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   first
                   who
                   call'd
                   himself
                   Aeacus
                   ,
                   and
                   foretold
                   the
                   Lacedaemonians
                   the
                   Bondage
                   which
                   they
                   should
                   endure
                   under
                   the
                   Arcadians
                   ,
                   often
                   pretending
                   that
                   he
                   rose
                   from
                   death
                   to
                   life
                   .
                   Theopompus
                   also
                   relates
                   ,
                   That
                   when
                   he
                   was
                   laying
                   the
                   Foundations
                   of
                   a
                   Temple
                   to
                   the
                   Nymphs
                   ,
                   a
                   voice
                   was
                   heard
                   
                   from
                   Heaven
                   ,
                   
                     Not
                     to
                     the
                     Nymphs
                     ,
                     but
                     to
                  
                   Jove
                   himself
                   .
                   He
                   likewise
                   foretold
                   the
                   Cretans
                   the
                   issue
                   of
                   the
                   War
                   between
                   the
                   Lacedaemonians
                   and
                   Arcadians
                   ;
                   in
                   which
                   War
                   being
                   deserted
                   by
                   the
                   Orchomenians
                   ,
                   they
                   fell
                   into
                   the
                   power
                   of
                   their
                   Enemies
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   not
                   wanting
                   some
                   who
                   affirm
                   ▪
                   That
                   he
                   waxed
                   old
                   in
                   so
                   many
                   days
                   as
                   he
                   slept
                   years
                   ,
                   which
                   Theopompus
                   also
                   testifies
                   :
                   And
                   Murianus
                   asserts
                   ,
                   That
                   he
                   was
                   by
                   the
                   Cretans
                   call'd
                   Curetes
                   .
                   The
                   Lacedaemonians
                   preserv'd
                   his
                   Body
                   within
                   their
                   City
                   ,
                   being
                   advis'd
                   so
                   to
                   do
                   by
                   a
                   certain
                   Oracle
                   ,
                   as
                   Sosibius
                   the
                   Lacedaemonian
                   reports
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   were
                   two
                   more
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   name
                   besides
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   a
                   writer
                   of
                   Genealogies
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   one
                   that
                   writ
                   the
                   History
                   of
                   Rhodes
                   in
                   the
                   Doric
                   Dialect
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
               THE
               LIFE
               of
               PHERECYDES
               .
            
             
               THE
               
                 Syrian
                 Pherecydes
              
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Badys
               ,
               as
               Alexander
               in
               his
               Successions
               reports
               ,
               and
               a
               Hearer
               of
               Pittacus
               .
               He
               was
               the
               first
               ,
               as
               Theopompus
               testifies
               ,
               that
               wrote
               among
               the
               Greeks
               ,
               concerning
               Nature
               
               and
               the
               Gods
               ;
               more
               than
               that
               ,
               he
               is
               famous
               for
               many
               wonderful
               things
               ;
               for
               as
               he
               was
               walking
               near
               the
               Sea-shoar
               upon
               the
               Sand
               ,
               seeing
               a
               Ship
               under
               Sail
               right
               afore
               the
               Wind
               ,
               he
               foretold
               ,
               that
               the
               Vessel
               would
               sink
               in
               a
               short
               time
               ;
               which
               soon
               after
               happen'd
               in
               his
               sight
               .
               Another
               time
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               drank
               a
               draught
               of
               Water
               drawn
               out
               of
               a
               Well
               ,
               he
               foretold
               an
               Earthquake
               within
               three
               days
               ,
               which
               fell
               out
               ,
               as
               he
               said
               .
               Travelling
               thro'
               Messana
               to
               Olympia
               ,
               he
               advis'd
               his
               Friend
               and
               Host
               Perilaus
               to
               depart
               from
               thence
               with
               all
               his
               Family
               ;
               which
               he
               neglecting
               to
               do
               ,
               Messana
               was
               soon
               after
               taken
               by
               the
               Enemy
               .
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               tell
               the
               Lacedemonians
               ,
               that
               neither
               Gold
               or
               Silver
               were
               to
               be
               valu'd
               or
               admir'd
               .
               And
               the
               same
               night
               that
               Hercules
               commanded
               the
               Kings
               to
               obey
               Pherecydes
               ,
               the
               Deity
               gave
               him
               notice
               of
               it
               in
               a
               Dream
               .
               However
               ,
               some
               there
               are
               do
               ascribe
               these
               things
               to
               Pythagoras
               .
            
             
               But
               Hermippus
               hath
               this
               further
               of
               Pherecydes
               ;
               that
               in
               the
               War
               between
               the
               Magnesians
               and
               Ephesians
               ,
               he
               being
               desirous
               that
               the
               Ephesians
               should
               have
               the
               better
               ,
               demanded
               of
               one
               that
               travel'd
               upon
               the
               Road
               ,
               of
               what
               place
               he
               was
               ?
               who
               answering
               of
               Ephesus
               ,
               Then
               draw
               me
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               by
               the
               Legs
               ,
               and
               lay
               me
               in
               the
               Territory
               
               of
               the
               Magnesians
               ,
               and
               bid
               thy
               fellow
               Citizens
               ,
               after
               they
               have
               obtain'd
               the
               Victory
               ,
               take
               care
               to
               bury
               me
               in
               that
               place
               ;
               adding
               withal
               that
               he
               was
               Pherecydes
               :
               which
               when
               the
               Passenger
               had
               related
               to
               his
               Neighbours
               ,
               they
               were
               in
               great
               hopes
               of
               victory
               .
               The
               next
               day
               they
               overthrew
               the
               Magnesians
               ,
               and
               being
               Victors
               found
               Pherecydes
               dead
               ,
               whom
               they
               not
               only
               honourably
               interr'd
               ,
               but
               held
               in
               great
               veneration
               afterwards
               .
            
             
               Some
               say
               that
               going
               to
               Delphos
               from
               Corycium
               ,
               he
               threw
               himself
               from
               the
               top
               of
               a
               Mountain
               .
               But
               Aristoxenus
               writing
               of
               Pythagoras
               ,
               and
               his
               familiar
               Acquaintance
               ,
               affirms
               ,
               that
               he
               dy'd
               of
               a
               sickness
               ,
               and
               was
               buried
               by
               Pythagoras
               .
               Some
               say
               that
               he
               ended
               his
               days
               of
               the
               Lowsie
               Disease
               ,
               and
               that
               when
               Pythagoras
               coming
               to
               visit
               him
               ,
               ask'd
               him
               how
               he
               felt
               himself
               ;
               he
               answer'd
               ,
               thrusting
               his
               finger
               through
               the
               door
               ,
               
                 my
                 skin
                 will
                 tell
                 thee
              
               .
               Whence
               the
               Expression
               was
               ever
               afterwards
               taken
               by
               the
               Philosophers
               in
               a
               bad
               sence
               .
            
             
               Andro
               the
               Ephesian
               asserts
               that
               there
               were
               two
               of
               the
               same
               name
               ,
               both
               Syrians
               .
               One
               ,
               an
               Astrologer
               ;
               the
               other
               a
               Theologist
               ,
               whom
               Pythagoras
               admir'd
               .
               On
               the
               other
               side
               Eratosthenes
               denies
               that
               there
               was
               any
               more
               than
               one
               Syrian
               ;
               but
               that
               
               the
               other
               was
               an
               Athenian
               ,
               and
               a
               writer
               of
               Genealogies
               .
               Moreover
               there
               is
               yet
               extant
               a
               little
               Treatise
               written
               by
               Pherecydes
               the
               Syrian
               ,
               concerning
               the
               first
               Principle
               of
               all
               things
               ,
               which
               begins
               thus
               .
            
             
               
                 Jupiter
                 and
                 Time
                 are
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Earth
                 was
                 always
                 .
              
            
             
               Upon
               his
               Tomb
               ,
               as
               Doris
               testifies
               ,
               this
               Epigram
               was
               inscrib'd
               .
               
                 
                   In
                   me
                   all
                   Wisdom
                   ends
                   ,
                   if
                   there
                   be
                   more
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   that
                   Pythagoras
                   enjoys
                   this
                   store
                   ;
                
                 
                   Tell
                   him
                   the
                   Truth
                   that
                   Pherecydes
                   speaks
                   ,
                
                 
                   It
                   springs
                   again
                   in
                   him
                   among
                   the
                   Greeks
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Ion
               the
               Chiote
               writes
               also
               thus
               concerning
               him
               .
               
                 
                   How
                   sweetly
                   lives
                   his
                   incorrupted
                   Soul
                   ?
                
                 
                   Who
                   all
                   the
                   Vertues
                   did
                   himself
                   controul
                   ?
                
                 
                   Credit
                   the
                   wise
                   Pythagoras
                   who
                   had
                   seen
                
                 
                   The
                   Customs
                   and
                   the
                   Manners
                   of
                   most
                   Men.
                   
                
              
            
             
               To
               which
               we
               may
               add
               that
               which
               follows
               ,
               being
               one
               of
               our
               own
               ,
               in
               Pherecratian
               Measure
               .
               
                 
                   The
                   Learned
                   Pherecyde
                   ,
                
                 
                   Whom
                   Syria
                   boasts
                   her
                   own
                   ,
                
                 
                   So
                   Fame
                   reports
                   it
                   ,
                   dy'd
                
                 
                   By
                   Vermin
                   over-run
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   To
                   the
                   Ephesians
                   kind
                   ,
                
                 
                   His
                   Body
                   to
                   Magnesian
                   Land
                
                 
                   He
                   willingly
                   resign'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Pledge
                   of
                   Glory
                   gain'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   By
                   Victory
                   next
                   day
                   :
                
                 
                   'T
                   was
                   th'
                   Oracles
                   Command
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   he
                   that
                   only
                   knew
                   ,
                
                 
                   Resolved
                   to
                   obey
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   thus
                   to
                   friendship
                   true
                
                 
                   He
                   dy'd
                   to
                   save
                   his
                   friends
                   .
                
                 
                   So
                   sure
                   it
                   is
                   that
                   where
                
                 
                   The
                   Wise
                   Men
                   have
                   their
                   Ends
                   ,
                
                 
                   They
                   no
                   less
                   useful
                   dye
                   ,
                
                 
                   Than
                   when
                   they
                   living
                   were
                   .
                
              
            
             
               This
               happen'd
               about
               the
               fifty
               ninth
               Olympiad
               ;
               leaving
               behind
               this
               Letter
               to
               Thales
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   Pherecydes
                   to
                   Thales
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     MAyest
                     thou
                     dy
                     well
                     when
                     thy
                     fatal
                     day
                     approaches
                     .
                     I
                     was
                     taken
                     desperately
                     ill
                     ,
                     when
                     I
                     receiv'd
                     thy
                     Letters
                     ;
                     I
                     was
                     cover'd
                     over
                     with
                     Vermin
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     Quotidian
                     Ague
                     shook
                     my
                     Bones
                     besides
                     .
                     However
                     I
                     left
                     it
                     in
                     charge
                     with
                     some
                     of
                     my
                     Servants
                     ,
                     that
                     so
                     soon
                     as
                     they
                     had
                     interr'd
                     me
                     ,
                     they
                     should
                     convey
                     the
                     enclosed
                     to
                     thee
                     .
                     Which
                     if
                     thou
                     do'st
                     approve
                     ,
                     shew
                     it
                     to
                     
                     the
                     rest
                     of
                     the
                     Wise
                     Men
                     ;
                     if
                     not
                     ,
                     conceal
                     it
                     :
                     for
                     my
                     part
                     I
                     cannot
                     say
                     it
                     pleased
                     me
                     very
                     much
                     .
                     I
                     cannot
                     commend
                     it
                     for
                     infallibility
                     ,
                     for
                     I
                     neither
                     promis'd
                     it
                     ,
                     neither
                     do
                     I
                     profess
                     to
                     know
                     the
                     Truth
                     of
                     all
                     things
                     .
                     Something
                     perhaps
                     of
                     the
                     Theology
                     thou
                     may'st
                     make
                     use
                     of
                     ,
                     the
                     rest
                     must
                     be
                     consider'd
                     .
                     For
                     I
                     rather
                     chose
                     to
                     propose
                     obscurely
                     ,
                     than
                     to
                     determine
                     .
                     But
                     my
                     Distemper
                     every
                     day
                     increasing
                     ,
                     I
                     am
                     unwilling
                     to
                     lose
                     either
                     any
                     of
                     my
                     Physicians
                     ,
                     or
                     any
                     of
                     my
                     Friends
                     :
                     And
                     to
                     those
                     that
                     ask
                     me
                     how
                     I
                     do
                     ,
                     I
                     shew
                     my
                     finger
                     through
                     the
                     Door
                     ,
                     to
                     let
                     'em
                     see
                     my
                     condition
                     ,
                     and
                     bid
                     'em
                     all
                     be
                     sure
                     to
                     come
                     next
                     day
                     to
                     
                     Pherecydes's
                     Funeral
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   And
                   these
                   are
                   they
                   who
                   were
                   call'd
                   the
                   
                     Wise
                     Men
                  
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   which
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   who
                   add
                   Pisistratus
                   the
                   Tyrant
                   .
                   Now
                   we
                   come
                   to
                   the
                   Philosophers
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   first
                   let
                   us
                   begin
                   with
                   the
                   Ionick
                   Philosophy
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   declar'd
                   Thales
                   ,
                   the
                   Instructor
                   of
                   Anaximander
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   first
                   Founder
                   .
                
              
            
             
               The
               End
               of
               the
               First
               Book
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             
               Diogenes
               Laertius
            
             ,
             Containing
             the
             Lives
             ,
             Opinions
             ,
             and
             Apophthegms
             Of
             the
             most
             Famous
             PHILOSOPHERS
             .
          
           
             The
             Second
             Book
             ,
          
           
             Translated
             from
             the
             Greek
             by
             
               Sam.
               White
            
             ,
             M.
             D.
             
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               ANAXIMANDER
               .
            
             
               ANaximander
               ,
               a
               Milesian
               ,
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Praxiades
               .
               He
               held
               that
               the
               Beginning
               and
               Principle
               of
               all
               things
               was
               the
               
                 Vast
                 Immensity
              
               ;
               however
               no
               way
               bounding
               the
               Air
               ,
               the
               Water
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               Thing
               .
               That
               the
               parts
               were
               subject
               to
               Alteration
               ;
               but
               that
               the
               whole
               was
               immutable
               ;
               that
               the
               Earth
               lay
               in
               the
               middle
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               claiming
               the
               place
               of
               a
               Center
               ,
               being
               of
               a
               Spherical
               
               Figure
               .
               That
               the
               Light
               of
               the
               Moon
               was
               a
               false
               Light
               ,
               as
               being
               borrowed
               from
               the
               Sun
               ;
               which
               was
               at
               least
               equal
               to
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               the
               most
               pure
               sort
               of
               Fire
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               the
               first
               inventer
               of
               the
               Gnomen
               ,
               which
               he
               fixed
               in
               the
               Dials
               of
               Lacedaemon
               ,
               which
               were
               then
               no
               other
               than
               places
               proper
               for
               the
               observation
               of
               the
               Shadows
               which
               the
               Sun
               cast
               ;
               whereby
               ,
               as
               Phavorinus
               records
               in
               his
               Universal
               History
               ,
               he
               mark'd
               out
               the
               Tropics
               and
               Equinoxes
               ,
               and
               erected
               Horoscopes
               .
               He
               was
               also
               the
               first
               who
               undertook
               to
               delineate
               the
               Perimeter
               or
               Circuit
               of
               the
               Earth
               and
               Sea
               ,
               and
               to
               frame
               a
               Sphere
               that
               '
               embody'd
               both
               those
               Elements
               .
               Which
               done
               ,
               he
               set
               down
               in
               writing
               a
               short
               Exposition
               of
               such
               things
               as
               occur'd
               most
               plainly
               to
               his
               Apprehension
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               second
               year
               of
               the
               fifty
               eighth
               Olympiad
               he
               had
               attained
               to
               the
               sixty
               fourth
               year
               of
               his
               Age
               ,
               as
               Apollodorus
               the
               Athenian
               declares
               in
               his
               Chronicle
               ,
               and
               dy'd
               not
               long
               after
               ;
               but
               he
               flourish'd
               in
               his
               prime
               ,
               during
               the
               Reign
               of
               Polycrates
               ,
               Tyrant
               of
               Samos
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               ,
               That
               one
               time
               among
               the
               rest
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               singing
               ,
               certain
               Boys
               laugh'd
               at
               him
               ,
               which
               when
               he
               understood
               ,
               Therefore
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 it
                 behoves
                 us
                 to
                 sing
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 better
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 Boys
                 .
              
            
             
             
               There
               was
               also
               another
               Anaximander
               ,
               a
               Milesian
               likewise
               ,
               who
               was
               an
               Historian
               ,
               and
               wrote
               in
               the
               Ionic
               Dialect
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               ANAXIMENES
               .
            
             
               ANaximenes
               ,
               a
               Milesian
               also
               ,
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Eurystratus
               ,
               and
               a
               Hearer
               of
               Anaximander
               ,
               and
               as
               some
               say
               ,
               of
               Parmenides
               likewise
               .
            
             
               He
               affirm'd
               the
               Air
               and
               the
               
                 Infinite
                 Immensity
              
               to
               be
               the
               beginning
               of
               All
               things
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Stars
               did
               not
               move
               above
               the
               Earth
               ,
               but
               round
               about
               it
               .
               He
               wrote
               in
               the
               Ionic
               Dialect
               ,
               affecting
               a
               plain
               and
               concise
               Style
               .
               He
               was
               born
               in
               the
               sixty
               third
               Olympiad
               ,
               as
               Apollodorus
               testifies
               ,
               and
               dy'd
               about
               the
               time
               that
               Sardis
               was
               taken
               .
            
             
               There
               were
               also
               two
               others
               of
               the
               same
               name
               ,
               born
               in
               Lampsacus
               ;
               the
               one
               an
               Orator
               ;
               the
               other
               ,
               an
               Historian
               ,
               and
               Nephew
               to
               the
               Rhetorician
               ,
               who
               wrote
               the
               History
               of
               
               Alexander's
               fam'd
               Atchievements
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               likewise
               extant
               two
               Epistles
               of
               Anaximenes
               the
               Philosopher
               to
               Pythagoras
               ,
               of
               which
               the
               first
               ●uns
               thus
               .
            
             
               
                 
                 
                   Anaximenes
                   to
                   Pythagoras
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     THales
                     himself
                     in
                     the
                     progress
                     of
                     his
                     Studies
                     from
                     the
                     flower
                     of
                     his
                     Youth
                     to
                     his
                     Old
                     Age
                     ,
                     was
                     not
                     altogether
                     free
                     from
                     misfortune
                     .
                     For
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     was
                     his
                     custom
                     ,
                     going
                     forth
                     one
                     night
                     with
                     his
                     Maid
                     Servant
                     to
                     behold
                     the
                     Stars
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     midst
                     of
                     his
                     serious
                     Contemplation
                     ,
                     forgetting
                     the
                     situation
                     of
                     the
                     place
                     ,
                     while
                     he
                     went
                     forward
                     gazing
                     up
                     to
                     the
                     Skies
                     ,
                     he
                     fell
                     down
                     a
                     steep
                     Precipice
                     .
                     This
                     was
                     the
                     end
                     ,
                     say
                     the
                     Milesians
                     ,
                     of
                     that
                     famous
                     Astrologer
                     .
                     But
                     we
                     ,
                     among
                     the
                     rest
                     of
                     his
                     Scholars
                     ,
                     forget
                     not
                     the
                     Man
                     ,
                     nor
                     our
                     Children
                     ,
                     who
                     are
                     his
                     Disciples
                     likewise
                     :
                     But
                     we
                     embrace
                     his
                     Doctrine
                     ,
                     and
                     ascribe
                     the
                     beginning
                     of
                     all
                     our
                     Learning
                     to
                     Thales
                     .
                  
                
              
            
             
               His
               second
               Epistle
               was
               this
               that
               follows
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   Anaximenes
                   to
                   Pythagoras
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     CErtainly
                     thou
                     did'st
                     consult
                     our
                     Advantage
                     more
                     than
                     our selves
                     ,
                     in
                     returning
                     from
                     Samos
                     to
                     Crotona
                     ,
                     where
                     thou
                     livest
                     in
                     Peace
                     .
                     For
                     the
                     Sons
                     of
                     Aeacus
                     are
                     offensive
                     to
                     others
                     ,
                     and
                     for
                     the
                     Milesians
                     ,
                     they
                     are
                     in
                     subjection
                     to
                     
                     their
                     Tyrants
                     .
                     And
                     the
                     King
                     of
                     the
                     Medes
                     threatens
                     us
                     severely
                     too
                     ,
                     unless
                     we
                     will
                     submit
                     our
                     Necks
                     to
                     the
                     Yoke
                     of
                     Servitude
                     :
                     But
                     as
                     yet
                     the
                     Ionians
                     seem
                     readily
                     resolv'd
                     to
                     fight
                     with
                     the
                     Medes
                     both
                     for
                     their
                     own
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Liberty
                     of
                     their
                     Neighbours
                     .
                     But
                     the
                     Enemy
                     so
                     surrounds
                     ,
                     and
                     over-powers
                     us
                     at
                     present
                     ,
                     that
                     we
                     have
                     little
                     hopes
                     to
                     preserve
                     it
                     .
                     How
                     then
                     is
                     it
                     possible
                     for
                     Anaximenes
                     to
                     mind
                     his
                     Contemplation
                     of
                     the
                     Skies
                     ,
                     living
                     as
                     he
                     does
                     ,
                     in
                     continual
                     dread
                     of
                     Perdition
                     or
                     Slavery
                     .
                     But
                     thou
                     enjoyest
                     a
                     perfect
                     Tranquillity
                     ;
                     honour'd
                     by
                     the
                     Crotonaeans
                     ,
                     and
                     other
                     Italians
                     and
                     crowded
                     with
                     Disciples
                     out
                     of
                     Sicily
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               ANAXAGORAS
               .
            
             
               ANaxagoras
               ,
               a
               Clozomenian
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Hegesibulus
               ,
               or
               Eubulus
               ,
               was
               a
               diligent
               Disciple
               of
               Anaximenes
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               the
               first
               who
               attributed
               to
               Matter
               Sense
               and
               Reason
               ;
               thus
               beginning
               his
               great
               Work
               ,
               which
               is
               both
               delightful
               ,
               and
               loftily
               compos'd
               ,
               All
               things
               at
               the
               beginning
               
               sprung
               together
               ;
               then
               came
               the
               World's
               Intelligence
               ,
               and
               shap'd
               and
               embellish'd
               every
               individual
               Species
               ;
               whereas
               it
               was
               call'd
               the
               
                 Great
                 Intelligence
              
               .
               Of
               which
               thus
               Timon
               in
               his
               Silli
               .
               
                 
                   For
                   thus
                   fam'd
                   Anaxagoras
                   profoundly
                   taught
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   vast
                   Mind
                   like
                   some
                   great
                   Hero
                   fought
                
                 
                   Rebellious
                   Chaos
                   ,
                   that
                   disdain'd
                   controul
                   ;
                
                 
                   And
                   then
                   it
                   was
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Worlds
                   mighty
                   Soul
                
                 
                   Millions
                   of
                   ranging
                   formless
                   Bodies
                   fix'd
                   ;
                
                 
                   Rammass'd
                   ,
                   Compacted
                   ,
                   here
                   conjoyn'd
                   ,
                   there
                   mix'd
                   ;
                
                 
                   Vntil
                   at
                   length
                   the
                   vanquish'd
                   Mass
                   gave
                   o're
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   all
                   agreed
                   ,
                   that
                   was
                   confus'd
                   before
                   .
                
              
            
             
               This
               Person
               was
               not
               only
               eminent
               for
               his
               Birth
               and
               Riches
               ,
               but
               for
               the
               Grandeur
               of
               his
               aspiring
               Mind
               .
               For
               he
               surrender'd
               his
               Patrimony
               to
               his
               Relations
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               being
               by
               them
               tax'd
               for
               neglecting
               his
               Estate
               ;
               
                 What
                 then
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 are
                 not
                 you
                 sufficiently
                 able
                 to
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 it
                 ?
              
               Soon
               after
               he
               left
               'em
               all
               ,
               and
               retir'd
               himself
               to
               the
               Contemplation
               of
               Nature
               ,
               not
               minding
               publick
               or
               private
               Affairs
               .
               Insomuch
               that
               to
               one
               who
               thus
               accosted
               him
               ;
               
                 What!
                 then
                 takest
                 thou
                 no
                 care
                 of
                 thy
                 
                 Country
                 ?
                 Yes
                 ,
              
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 no
                 Man
                 more
              
               ,
               pointing
               to
               the
               Heav'ns
               .
            
             
               He
               is
               said
               to
               have
               been
               twenty
               years
               of
               Age
               when
               Xerxes
               invaded
               Greece
               ,
               and
               to
               have
               liv'd
               seventy
               two
               .
               But
               Apollodorus
               in
               his
               Chronicle
               ,
               affirms
               him
               to
               have
               flourish'd
               in
               his
               prime
               in
               the
               Seventieth
               Olympiad
               ,
               and
               that
               in
               the
               first
               year
               of
               the
               Se-Seventy
               eighth
               Olympiad
               he
               ended
               his
               days
               .
            
             
               He
               began
               to
               divulge
               his
               Philosophical
               Exercises
               at
               Athens
               ,
               under
               Callias
               ,
               in
               the
               twentieth
               year
               of
               his
               Age
               ,
               as
               
                 Demetrius
                 Phalereus
              
               reports
               ,
               in
               his
               Compendium
               of
               the
               
                 Athenian
                 Rulers
              
               :
               Where
               ,
               they
               say
               ,
               he
               continu'd
               thirty
               years
               .
            
             
               He
               affirm'd
               the
               Sun
               to
               be
               a
               massy
               Plate
               of
               Red-hot
               Iron
               ,
               bigger
               than
               the
               Peloponnesus
               .
               Which
               some
               assert
               to
               have
               been
               the
               Opinion
               of
               Tantalus
               before
               him
               .
               He
               held
               that
               the
               Moon
               was
               full
               of
               Habitations
               ,
               Mountains
               and
               Vallies
               ;
               and
               that
               the
               Principles
               of
               all
               things
               were
               endu'd
               with
               similitude
               of
               Parts
               .
               For
               that
               as
               the
               dust
               and
               filings
               of
               Gold
               might
               be
               embody'd
               into
               a
               Mass
               ;
               so
               was
               the
               Universe
               compos'd
               of
               little
               Bodies
               consisting
               of
               similar
               Particles
               .
               That
               heavy
               Bodies
               possess'd
               the
               lowermost
               place
               ,
               as
               the
               Earth
               ;
               Light
               things
               the
               uppermost
               ,
               as
               Fire
               ;
               and
               the
               Middlemost
               he
               assign'd
               to
               Air
               and
               Water
               .
               
               That
               the
               Sea
               lay
               below
               the
               Earth
               ,
               which
               was
               broad
               ;
               the
               moisture
               being
               exhaled
               by
               the
               Sun.
               That
               the
               motions
               of
               the
               Stars
               were
               at
               first
               disorderly
               and
               confus'd
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               over
               the
               Top
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               or
               the
               Pole
               which
               always
               appears
               :
               but
               that
               afterwards
               ,
               the
               change
               of
               Inclination
               happen'd
               :
               That
               the
               Milky-way
               was
               only
               the
               Reflexion
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               where
               none
               of
               the
               Stars
               could
               cast
               their
               Light.
               That
               Comets
               were
               only
               the
               Meeting
               together
               ,
               or
               Conjunctions
               of
               all
               the
               Planets
               sending
               forth
               flames
               of
               Fire
               ,
               which
               danc'd
               to
               and
               fro
               according
               to
               the
               Motion
               of
               the
               Air.
               That
               the
               Rarifying
               the
               Air
               by
               the
               Sun
               was
               the
               occasion
               of
               Winds
               .
               That
               Thunder
               was
               a
               compression
               of
               the
               Clouds
               ;
               Light'ning
               a
               brushing
               of
               the
               Clouds
               one
               against
               another
               .
               That
               an
               Earthquake
               was
               the
               return
               of
               the
               Air
               from
               the
               Subterraneal
               Parts
               .
               That
               all
               Living
               Creatures
               sprung
               at
               first
               from
               a
               mixture
               of
               Moist
               ,
               Hot
               and
               Earthy
               ;
               and
               then
               begat
               each
               other
               .
               That
               Males
               were
               generated
               in
               the
               right
               ,
               Females
               in
               the
               left
               side
               of
               the
               Womb.
               
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               that
               he
               foretold
               the
               fall
               of
               the
               Stone
               ,
               near
               the
               River
               of
               Aegos
               ,
               call'd
               Aegos-Potamos
               ,
               which
               he
               said
               would
               fall
               from
               the
               Sun.
               Whence
               Euripides
               ,
               who
               was
               his
               Disciple
               ,
               in
               his
               fable
               of
               Phaeton
               ,
               
               calls
               the
               Sun
               a
               
                 Golden
                 Mass
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Clod
                 of
                 Gold.
              
               Coming
               to
               Olympia
               ,
               he
               sate
               himself
               down
               ,
               covered
               with
               a
               Leathern
               Hide
               ,
               as
               if
               it
               had
               been
               going
               to
               rain
               ;
               and
               being
               asked
               ,
               whether
               he
               thought
               the
               Sea
               would
               ever
               overflow
               the
               Mountains
               of
               
                 Lampsacus
                 ?
                 Yes
              
               ;
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 unless
                 it
                 want
                 time
              
               .
               To
               the
               question
               ,
               to
               what
               purpose
               he
               was
               Born
               ?
               He
               replied
               ▪
               
                 To
                 contemplate
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 the
                 Moon
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Heavens
                 .
              
               To
               one
               that
               told
               him
               ,
               he
               had
               lost
               the
               
                 Athenians
                 .
                 Not
                 so
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ;
               
                 but
                 they
                 me
              
               .
               Beholding
               
               Mausolus's
               Tomb
               ,
               
                 Asumptuous
                 Monument
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 Estate
                 Metamorphosed
                 into
                 Stone
                 .
              
               To
               one
               who
               griev'd
               that
               he
               should
               dye
               in
               a
               foreign
               Country
               ,
               
                 The
                 Descent
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 to
                 the
                 Infernal
                 Shades
                 is
                 every
                 where
                 alike
                 .
              
               He
               was
               the
               first
               ,
               as
               Phavorinus
               relates
               in
               his
               Universal
               History
               ,
               who
               affirmed
               that
               Homer's
               Poem
               was
               composed
               of
               Vertue
               and
               Justice
               .
               To
               which
               Opinion
               of
               his
               Metrodorus
               of
               Lampsacus
               ,
               his
               intimate
               Friend
               ,
               is
               said
               to
               have
               contributed
               very
               much
               ,
               who
               was
               the
               first
               that
               essayed
               to
               write
               of
               Natural
               things
               in
               Poetry
               .
               However
               Anaxagoras
               was
               the
               first
               who
               ever
               published
               any
               Treatise
               written
               upon
               that
               Subject
               .
            
             
               Silenus
               also
               farther
               reports
               ,
               in
               his
               first
               Book
               of
               History
               ,
               that
               a
               Stone
               fell
               from
               Heaven
               in
               the
               time
               that
               Dimylus
               Ruled
               ;
               
               at
               what
               time
               Anaxagoras
               aver'd
               ,
               that
               the
               whole
               Heaven
               was
               Composed
               of
               Stones
               ;
               only
               that
               the
               Swiftness
               of
               the
               Circumrotation
               fixed
               'em
               in
               their
               Places
               ,
               which
               otherwise
               would
               suddenly
               loosen
               and
               fall
               down
               .
            
             
               But
               as
               to
               his
               being
               called
               in
               Question
               ,
               there
               are
               various
               Reports
               .
               For
               Sotion
               in
               his
               Succession
               of
               the
               Philosophers
               ,
               asserts
               that
               he
               was
               accused
               of
               Irreligion
               by
               Cleo
               ,
               because
               he
               held
               the
               Sun
               to
               be
               a
               Red-hot
               Mass
               of
               Iron
               :
               for
               which
               ,
               when
               Pericles
               his
               Scholar
               defended
               him
               ,
               he
               was
               fin'd
               fifty
               Talents
               ,
               and
               exiled
               his
               Country
               .
            
             
               Satyrus
               also
               in
               his
               Lives
               ,
               reports
               that
               he
               was
               accused
               by
               Thucydides
               ,
               who
               always
               opposed
               Pericles
               ,
               not
               only
               of
               Impiety
               ,
               but
               Treason
               ;
               and
               in
               his
               absence
               was
               Condemned
               to
               Death
               .
               At
               what
               time
               when
               he
               received
               the
               News
               ,
               both
               of
               the
               Sentence
               pronounced
               against
               him
               ,
               and
               the
               Death
               of
               his
               Sons
               ;
               as
               to
               his
               Condemnation
               ,
               he
               answered
               ,
               
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 what
                 Nature
                 had
                 long
                 before
                 decreed
                 ,
                 that
                 both
                 he
                 and
                 they
                 should
                 Dye
                 .
              
               As
               to
               the
               Death
               of
               his
               Sons
               ,
               he
               replied
               ,
               
                 That
                 he
                 well
                 knew
                 ▪
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 begotten
                 'em
                 to
                 be
                 Immortal
                 .
              
               Yet
               some
               there
               are
               ,
               who
               attribute
               these
               Sayings
               to
               Salon
               ,
               others
               to
               Zenophon
               .
               However
               
                 Demetrius
                 Pha●areus
              
               records
               in
               his
               Treatise
               of
               old
               Age
               ,
               that
               he
               buried
               his
               Sons
               with
               his
               own
               Hands
               .
               On
               the
               other
               
               side
               Hermippus
               relates
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               imprisoned
               ,
               in
               order
               to
               his
               Execution
               .
               But
               then
               Pericles
               coming
               into
               the
               Assembly
               ,
               asked
               the
               Rulers
               ,
               whether
               they
               could
               accuse
               him
               of
               anything
               that
               reached
               his
               Life
               ?
               who
               returning
               no
               answer
               ;
               Why
               then
               said
               he
               ,
               I
               am
               his
               Disciple
               ,
               and
               therefore
               beware
               how
               ye
               destroy
               a
               Man
               impeached
               only
               by
               Malice
               and
               Calumny
               ,
               but
               rather
               take
               my
               Advice
               ,
               and
               let
               him
               go
               .
               Which
               was
               accordingly
               done
               .
               However
               he
               took
               the
               affront
               so
               hainously
               ,
               that
               he
               would
               not
               stay
               in
               the
               City
               .
            
             
               In
               opposition
               to
               this
               ,
               Jerome
               in
               his
               second
               Book
               of
               Commentaries
               ,
               asserts
               ,
               That
               Pericles
               caused
               him
               to
               be
               brought
               into
               Court
               ,
               tottering
               every
               Step
               he
               went
               ,
               as
               being
               spent
               with
               Age
               and
               long
               Sickness
               ;
               and
               that
               he
               was
               acquitted
               rather
               through
               the
               Compassion
               of
               the
               Judges
               ,
               than
               that
               he
               was
               found
               innocent
               of
               what
               was
               laid
               to
               his
               Charge
               .
               So
               strangely
               do
               Authors
               vary
               in
               their
               Reports
               concerning
               his
               Condemnation
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               also
               thought
               to
               have
               born
               Democritus
               a
               grudge
               ,
               for
               refusing
               him
               a
               Conference
               which
               he
               desired
               .
               At
               length
               retiring
               to
               Lampsacus
               ,
               he
               there
               ended
               his
               days
               .
               And
               being
               asked
               by
               the
               Magistrates
               of
               the
               City
               whether
               he
               had
               any
               particular
               Command
               to
               lay
               upon
               'em
               ,
               he
               desired
               
               that
               the
               Boys
               might
               have
               Liberty
               to
               Play
               ,
               every
               Year
               during
               the
               Month
               wherein
               he
               died
               ,
               which
               Custom
               is
               observed
               to
               this
               Day
               .
               He
               was
               honourably
               interred
               by
               the
               Lampsacenses
               ,
               who
               caused
               this
               Epigram
               to
               be
               engraved
               upon
               his
               Monument
               .
               
                 
                   Here
                   he
                   ,
                   who
                   th'
                   utmost
                   bounds
                   of
                   Earth
                   and
                   Skies
                   ,
                
                 
                   For
                   Truth
                   and
                   Knowledg
                   rang'd
                   ,
                   entombed
                   lies
                   .
                
              
            
             
               To
               which
               we
               shall
               add
               this
               other
               of
               our
               own
               .
               
                 
                   For
                   saying
                   that
                   the
                   Sun
                   was
                   but
                   a
                   Mass
                
                 
                   Of
                   Iron
                   Red-hot
                   ,
                   doom'd
                   Anaxagoras
                
                 
                   To
                   Death
                   great
                   Pericles
                   sav'd
                   ;
                   which
                   danger
                   past
                   ,
                
                 
                   Another
                   Error
                   was
                   his
                   End
                   at
                   last
                   .
                
              
            
             
               There
               are
               also
               three
               more
               of
               the
               same
               Name
               .
               The
               first
               an
               Orator
               and
               Scholar
               of
               Isocrates
               .
               The
               Second
               a
               Statuary
               ,
               of
               whom
               Antigonus
               makes
               mention
               ;
               and
               the
               third
               a
               Grammarian
               ,
               the
               Disciple
               of
               Zenodorus
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               ARCHELAVS
               .
            
             
               ARchelaus
               ,
               an
               Athenian
               ,
               or
               Milesian
               ,
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Apollodorus
               ,
               or
               of
               Mido
               as
               others
               affirm
               ,
               the
               Disciple
               of
               Anaxagoras
               ,
               and
               
               Socrates's
               Master
               .
               He
               was
               the
               first
               that
               introduced
               natural
               Philosophy
               out
               of
               Ionia
               into
               Athens
               ,
               and
               was
               therefore
               called
               the
               Naturalist
               .
               However
               he
               was
               the
               last
               Professor
               of
               natural
               Philosophy
               ,
               Socrates
               soon
               after
               advancing
               the
               Study
               of
               Ethics
               ,
               of
               which
               nevertheless
               ,
               he
               himself
               ,
               in
               his
               Life-time
               ,
               did
               not
               seem
               to
               have
               been
               utterly
               Ignorant
               ;
               for
               he
               made
               several
               of
               his
               publick
               Readings
               ,
               upon
               the
               Subjects
               of
               Law
               ,
               of
               Morality
               and
               Justice
               .
               Which
               being
               borrowed
               from
               him
               ,
               and
               propagated
               by
               Socrates
               ,
               he
               was
               therefore
               look'd
               upon
               as
               the
               first
               Inventor
               of
               Ethics
               .
               He
               asserted
               two
               Principles
               of
               Generation
               ,
               Heat
               and
               Cold
               ;
               and
               that
               Living
               Animals
               were
               first
               created
               out
               of
               Mud
               ;
               and
               that
               Good
               and
               Evil
               did
               not
               proceed
               from
               Nature
               ,
               but
               from
               the
               Law.
               For
               all
               which
               he
               gave
               these
               particular
               Reasons
               ;
               First
               ,
               that
               the
               Water
               being
               melted
               and
               dissolved
               by
               the
               Heat
               ,
               when
               it
               
               came
               to
               be
               thickned
               by
               the
               fiery
               Mixture
               ,
               made
               the
               Earth
               ;
               but
               being
               fluid
               ,
               produced
               the
               Air
               :
               whence
               it
               came
               to
               pass
               ,
               that
               the
               one
               was
               curbed
               by
               the
               circular
               Motion
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               the
               other
               by
               that
               of
               the
               Fire
               .
               Then
               ,
               that
               living
               Animals
               were
               begotten
               out
               of
               the
               hot
               Earth
               ,
               which
               dissolved
               the
               Mud
               into
               a
               Substance
               ,
               almost
               like
               Milk
               ,
               for
               their
               Nourishment
               :
               and
               that
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               Men
               were
               produced
               .
               He
               was
               the
               first
               who
               defined
               the
               Voice
               of
               Man
               to
               be
               the
               Repercussion
               of
               the
               Air
               ;
               and
               affirmed
               that
               the
               Sea
               was
               a
               vast
               Body
               of
               Water
               ,
               strained
               through
               the
               Earth
               ,
               into
               the
               Cavities
               of
               the
               terrestrial
               Globe
               ,
               that
               the
               Sun
               was
               the
               bigger
               of
               the
               Stars
               ,
               and
               the
               whole
               was
               infinite
               .
            
             
               Besides
               this
               Archelaus
               there
               were
               three
               others
               of
               the
               same
               Name
               .
               The
               one
               Chorographer
               ,
               who
               made
               a
               distinct
               Mapp
               of
               that
               part
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               over
               which
               Alexander
               had
               marched
               .
               Another
               ,
               who
               wrote
               of
               natural
               Productions
               :
               the
               third
               an
               Orator
               ,
               who
               also
               wrote
               of
               the
               Art
               of
               Rhetoric
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               SOCRATES
               .
            
             
               SOcrates
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Sophroniscus
               a
               Stone-cutter
               ,
               and
               Phaenareta
               ,
               a
               Midwife
               ,
               as
               Plato
               witnesses
               in
               his
               Theaetetus
               ;
               however
               he
               challeng'd
               Athens
               for
               his
               Country
               ,
               as
               being
               born
               in
               Halopex
               ,
               a
               little
               Village
               in
               the
               Athenian
               Territory
               .
            
             
               He
               is
               said
               to
               have
               assisted
               Euripides
               in
               composing
               his
               Tragedies
               .
               Which
               occasion'd
               the
               following
               Verses
               of
               Mnesilochus
               .
               
                 
                   New
                   from
                   the
                   Mint
                   ,
                   the
                   Phrygians
                   here
                   behold
                   ,
                
                 
                   Made
                   by
                   Euripides
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   are
                   told
                   ;
                
                 
                   But
                   whispers
                   run
                   that
                   Socrates
                   was
                   he
                
                 
                   Who
                   gave
                   perfection
                   to
                   the
                   Tragedy
                   .
                
              
            
             
               In
               another
               place
               he
               calls
               him
               
               Socrates's
               Wedge
               :
               And
               Callias
               in
               his
               Pedaetae
               ,
               thus
               retorts
               upon
               Euripides
               .
               
                 
                   And
                   why
                   not
                   I
                   look
                   great
                   ?
                   O
                   Sir
                   ,
                   you
                   may
                   ;
                
                 
                   For
                   Socrates
                   assists
                   your
                   Verse
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Nor
               is
               Aristophanes
               less
               severe
               in
               his
               Clouds
               .
               
                 
                 
                   This
                   is
                   the
                   great
                   Euripides
                   ,
                   whose
                   Plays
                
                 
                   Are
                   full
                   of
                   Wisdom
                   ,
                   but
                   who
                   bears
                   the
                   praise
                   ?
                
              
            
             
               He
               was
               a
               Hearer
               of
               Anaxagoras
               as
               some
               report
               ,
               but
               of
               Damon
               ,
               as
               Alexander
               asserts
               in
               his
               Successions
               ,
               who
               being
               condemned
               to
               death
               ,
               he
               follow'd
               Archelaus
               the
               Naturalist
               ,
               by
               whom
               he
               was
               belov'd
               in
               the
               worst
               Sence
               ,
               as
               Aristoxenus
               relates
               .
               But
               Doris
               affirms
               ,
               That
               he
               serv'd
               as
               an
               Apprentice
               ,
               and
               then
               working
               at
               his
               Trade
               of
               a
               Stone-Cutter
               ,
               made
               the
               Statues
               of
               the
               Graces
               in
               their
               Habits
               ,
               which
               are
               to
               be
               seen
               in
               the
               Acropolis
               ,
               or
               Castle
               of
               Athens
               .
               Which
               occasion'd
               the
               following
               lines
               of
               Timon
               in
               his
               Silli
               .
               
                 
                   From
                   These
                   a
                   shabby
                   Stone-Cutter
                   ,
                   for
                   sooth
                   ,
                
                 
                   A
                   babler
                   about
                   Law
                   ,
                   to
                   tell
                   ye
                   truth
                   ,
                
                 
                   His
                   Learning
                   boasts
                   ;
                   the
                   
                   Grecian's
                   Prophet
                   he
                   ,
                
                 
                   If
                   you
                   'l
                   believe
                   him
                   ,
                   quaint
                   in
                   Sophistry
                   ,
                
                 
                   A
                   scoffing
                   Droll
                   ,
                   a
                   Sub-Athenian
                   ;
                   more
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   cursed'st
                   Flatterer
                   ,
                   e're
                   known
                   before
                   .
                
              
            
             
               For
               as
               Idomeneus
               relates
               ,
               he
               was
               a
               very
               smart
               ,
               and
               ready
               Orator
               ;
               only
               the
               thirty
               Tyrants
               forbid
               all
               teaching
               or
               practising
               the
               Art
               of
               Rhetoric
               ,
               as
               Zenophon
               testifies
               :
               And
               he
               is
               severely
               censur'd
               by
               Aristophanes
               ,
               as
               one
               that
               could
               make
               a
               good
               Cause
               
               of
               a
               bad
               one
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               as
               Phavorinus
               writes
               in
               his
               
                 General
                 History
              
               ,
               he
               was
               the
               first
               who
               ,
               together
               with
               Aeschines
               ,
               his
               Scholar
               ,
               taught
               Rhetorick
               in
               his
               Publick
               School
               .
               Which
               Idomeneus
               also
               testifies
               in
               his
               Life
               of
               Socrates
               .
               He
               was
               also
               the
               first
               who
               discours'd
               of
               the
               Government
               to
               be
               observ'd
               in
               Humane
               Life
               and
               Conversation
               ,
               and
               the
               first
               of
               the
               Philosophers
               who
               was
               publickly
               Executed
               after
               Condemnation
               .
               And
               Aristoxenus
               also
               the
               Son
               of
               Spintharus
               reports
               him
               to
               have
               been
               the
               first
               that
               demanded
               money
               for
               teaching
               .
               But
               Demetrius
               of
               Byzantium
               relates
               ,
               that
               Crito
               brought
               him
               off
               from
               that
               Mercenary
               Trade
               of
               begging
               ,
               and
               growing
               in
               love
               with
               his
               great
               Parts
               ,
               and
               the
               perfections
               of
               his
               Mind
               ,
               became
               his
               bountiful
               Scholar
               .
               After
               he
               had
               cry'd
               down
               Natural
               Philosophy
               ,
               as
               neither
               beneficial
               nor
               profitable
               to
               Mankind
               ,
               he
               introduc'd
               Ethicks
               ,
               which
               he
               publickly
               taught
               in
               the
               Work-Houses
               ,
               and
               Market-places
               ;
               exhorting
               the
               People
               only
               to
               study
               that
               ,
               which
               according
               to
               the
               Verse
               in
               Homer
               ,
               
                 
                   In
                   civil
                   Converse
                   and
                   each
                   Family
                
                 
                   Might
                   civil
                   most
                   ,
                   or
                   most
                   destructive
                   be
                   .
                
              
            
             
               And
               such
               was
               his
               vehemency
               in
               discourse
               ,
               that
               he
               would
               frequently
               bend
               
               his
               fists
               ,
               knock
               his
               knuckles
               one
               against
               another
               ,
               and
               twitch
               the
               hairs
               of
               his
               Beard
               from
               his
               Chin
               ,
               after
               such
               a
               strange
               manner
               ,
               that
               the
               People
               contemning
               his
               antic
               Gestures
               ,
               would
               laugh
               at
               him
               ,
               and
               offer
               him
               twenty
               affronts
               ;
               which
               nevertheless
               he
               bore
               with
               an
               extraordinary
               Patience
               .
               Insomuch
               that
               once
               being
               spurn'd
               and
               kick'd
               by
               a
               certain
               Person
               ,
               to
               another
               that
               admir'd
               at
               his
               forbearance
               ,
               he
               made
               answer
               ,
               
                 What
                 if
                 an
                 Ass
                 had
                 kick'd
                 me
                 ,
                 should
                 I
                 have
                 presently
                 su'd
                 him
                 for
                 it
                 ?
              
               Thus
               much
               Demetrius
               .
               He
               never
               thought
               it
               necessary
               to
               travel
               ,
               unless
               ,
               when
               any
               occasion
               call'd
               him
               to
               the
               Wars
               .
               All
               the
               rest
               of
               his
               time
               he
               staid
               at
               home
               ,
               and
               spent
               it
               wholly
               in
               conversing
               and
               disputing
               with
               his
               familiar
               Friends
               ;
               not
               so
               much
               to
               convince
               them
               of
               their
               own
               Opinions
               ,
               as
               to
               find
               out
               the
               Truth
               himself
               .
               To
               Euripides
               ,
               who
               ask'd
               him
               what
               he
               thought
               of
               a
               Treatise
               of
               
               Heraclitus's
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               given
               him
               to
               read
               ,
               he
               reply'd
               ,
               
                 Those
                 things
                 that
                 I
                 understand
                 are
                 Genuine
                 and
                 Masc●li●e
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 perhaps
                 may
                 they
                 be
                 likewise
                 which
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 understand
                 ;
                 yet
                 they
                 want
                 a
                 Delian
                 Diver
                 .
              
            
             
               He
               was
               very
               careful
               to
               exercise
               his
               Body
               ,
               and
               therefore
               he
               enjoy'd
               a
               most
               healthy
               and
               strong
               Constitution
               :
               Insomuch
               that
               in
               the
               Expedition
               against
               Amphipolis
               ,
               
               at
               the
               Battle
               of
               Deli●s
               ,
               he
               sav'd
               Xenophon
               that
               was
               fallen
               from
               his
               Horse
               ,
               and
               mounted
               him
               again
               .
               And
               when
               all
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Athenians
               fled
               ,
               he
               retreated
               fair
               and
               softly
               ,
               and
               frequently
               look'd
               back
               without
               the
               least
               disturbance
               ,
               resolv'd
               to
               have
               defended
               himself
               ,
               had
               any
               one
               adventur'd
               to
               assail
               him
               .
               He
               also
               serv'd
               in
               the
               War
               against
               Potidaea
               by
               Sea
               ;
               in
               which
               Expedition
               he
               is
               reported
               to
               have
               stood
               a
               whole
               night
               in
               one
               Posture
               .
               More
               than
               that
               ,
               after
               a
               single
               Victory
               obtain'd
               by
               his
               own
               Valour
               ,
               he
               yielded
               the
               honour
               of
               the
               action
               to
               Alcibiades
               ,
               by
               whom
               he
               was
               highly
               esteem'd
               ,
               as
               Aristippus
               relates
               ,
               in
               his
               fourth
               Book
               of
               
                 Ancient
                 Delights
                 .
                 I●
              
               the
               Ch●●●e
               reports
               him
               to
               have
               travel'd
               with
               Archelaus
               into
               
                 Samos
                 .
                 Aristotle
              
               also
               affirms
               ,
               that
               he
               visited
               Pytho
               ;
               and
               Phavorinus
               in
               his
               first
               Book
               of
               Remembrances
               ,
               that
               he
               survey'd
               the
               Isthmus
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               a
               person
               resolv'd
               and
               obstinate
               in
               his
               Opinions
               ,
               and
               a
               great
               Champion
               of
               Democracy
               ,
               which
               is
               apparent
               from
               hence
               ,
               that
               he
               withstood
               both
               Critias
               ,
               and
               his
               Faction
               ,
               who
               commanded
               Leontes
               the
               Salaminian
               ,
               a
               rich
               Man
               ,
               to
               be
               sent
               for
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               be
               put
               to
               death
               ;
               and
               was
               the
               sole
               Person
               that
               adventur'd
               to
               pronounce
               judgment
               ,
               contrary
               to
               the
               ten
               most
               powerful
               Captains
               ;
               and
               when
               the
               Prison
               doors
               
               were
               set
               open
               to
               him
               ,
               to
               go
               where
               he
               pleas'd
               ,
               refus'd
               ;
               severely
               chid
               those
               that
               wept
               for
               him
               ;
               and
               when
               fetter'd
               ,
               mollify'd
               the
               fury
               of
               his
               Enemies
               with
               his
               soft
               and
               smooth
               Language
               .
               He
               was
               a
               person
               contented
               with
               his
               present
               condition
               ,
               and
               Majestic
               .
               So
               that
               ,
               as
               Pamphila
               relates
               ,
               when
               Alcibiades
               had
               giv'n
               him
               a
               large
               piece
               of
               ground
               whereon
               to
               build
               him
               a
               House
               ;
               said
               he
               to
               his
               Benefactor
               ,
               
                 Hadst
                 thou
                 given
                 me
                 a
                 pair
                 of
                 Shoes
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Hide
                 to
                 make
                 'em
                 my self
                 ,
                 would
                 it
                 not
                 appear
                 very
                 ridiculous
                 in
                 me
                 to
                 accept
                 it
                 ?
              
               And
               when
               he
               saw
               the
               vast
               variety
               of
               Commodities
               that
               were
               put
               to
               sale
               among
               the
               Multitude
               ,
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               to
               himself
               ,
               
                 How
                 many
                 things
                 are
                 there
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 of
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 no
                 need
                 !
              
               And
               it
               was
               his
               custom
               frequently
               to
               repeat
               the
               following
               Tambicks
               .
               
                 
                   Silver
                   and
                   Purple
                   ,
                   breeding
                   so
                   much
                   strife
                   ,
                
                 
                   Fit
                   for
                   Tragoedians
                   ,
                   not
                   for
                   Humane
                   Life
                   .
                
              
            
             
               He
               despis'd
               Archelaus
               the
               
                 Macedonian
                 ,
                 Scopas
              
               the
               Crannonian
               ,
               and
               Eurylochus
               the
               Larissaean
               ,
               refusing
               the
               money
               which
               they
               sent
               him
               ,
               nor
               vouchsafing
               so
               much
               as
               to
               give
               'em
               a
               visit
               .
               So
               orderly
               and
               temperate
               in
               his
               Dyet
               ,
               that
               in
               all
               the
               Contagions
               which
               happen'd
               at
               Athens
               in
               his
               time
               ,
               he
               never
               was
               sick
               .
            
             
             
               Aristotle
               tells
               us
               ,
               that
               he
               married
               two
               Wives
               ;
               the
               first
               Xantippe
               ,
               by
               whom
               he
               had
               a
               Son
               call'd
               Lamprocles
               .
               The
               second
               Myrto
               ,
               Daughter
               of
               Aristides
               the
               Just
               ;
               whom
               he
               marry'd
               without
               any
               Portion
               ;
               and
               by
               whom
               he
               had
               Sophroniscus
               ,
               and
               Menexenus
               .
               Some
               there
               are
               who
               affirm
               ,
               That
               Myrto
               was
               his
               first
               Wife
               ;
               though
               others
               report
               that
               he
               was
               marry'd
               to
               both
               at
               the
               same
               time
               ;
               and
               among
               the
               rest
               Satyrus
               ,
               and
               Hieronymus
               the
               Rhodian
               .
               For
               it
               is
               said
               ,
               that
               the
               Athenians
               finding
               a
               decay
               of
               Men
               ,
               and
               that
               there
               was
               a
               necessity
               of
               propagation
               ,
               made
               a
               Decree
               ,
               that
               any
               Man
               might
               marry
               one
               Town-born
               Wife
               ,
               and
               get
               Children
               of
               another
               ;
               which
               Socrates
               did
               .
            
             
               He
               had
               a
               loftiness
               of
               mind
               that
               scorn'd
               all
               those
               who
               ridicul'd
               him
               .
               He
               glory'd
               in
               his
               frugality
               ,
               and
               was
               frequently
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               That
               he
               who
               eat
               with
               an
               Appetite
               ,
               had
               the
               least
               need
               of
               variety
               of
               Food
               .
               And
               he
               that
               drank
               with
               a
               Gusto
               ,
               least
               desired
               change
               of
               Liquor
               :
               And
               that
               he
               who
               wanted
               least
               ,
               came
               nearest
               to
               the
               Gods.
               And
               this
               we
               may
               learn
               from
               the
               Comoedians
               ,
               not
               aware
               of
               the
               Encomiums
               which
               they
               give
               him
               ,
               while
               they
               labour
               to
               vilisie
               him
               .
               As
               for
               Example
               in
               
                 Aristophanes
                 ▪
              
               
                 
                 
                   In
                   Wisdom
                   justly
                   aspiring
                   to
                   excell
                   ,
                
                 
                   How
                   sweetly
                   'mong
                   th'
                   Athenians
                   dost
                   thou
                   dwell
                   !
                
              
            
             
               And
               then
               again
               ,
               
                 
                   Serious
                   and
                   Musing
                   though
                   we
                   know
                   thee
                   well
                   ,
                
                 
                   For
                   Toil
                   attends
                   on
                   Quest
                   of
                   knowledge
                   still
                   ,
                
                 
                   Yet
                   thou
                   Eternal
                   Drudge
                   ,
                   or
                   sit
                   ,
                   or
                   walk
                   ,
                
                 
                   Art
                   never
                   tyr'd
                   with
                   pondering
                   ,
                   nor
                   with
                   talk
                   ▪
                
                 
                   Cold
                   ne'er
                   molests
                   thee
                   ,
                   nor
                   the
                   fond
                   desire
                
                 
                   Of
                   sumptuous
                   Food
                   ,
                   or
                   Wine
                   ,
                   which
                   Fools
                   admire
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Moreover
               ,
               Amipsias
               introducing
               him
               in
               a
               long
               Thread-bare
               Cloak
               ,
               thus
               bespeaks
               him
               :
               
                 O
                 Socrates
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 few
                 Men
                 the
                 best
                 ,
                 of
                 many
                 the
                 vainest
                 ,
                 and
                 art
                 thou
                 at
                 last
                 come
                 amongst
                 us
                 with
                 thy
                 wonted
                 patience
                 ?
                 How
                 camest
                 thou
                 by
                 this
                 Winter
                 Cloak
                 ?
                 Certainly
                 this
                 misfortune
                 befell
                 thee
                 through
                 the
                 Villany
                 of
                 the
                 Leather-Dresser
                 .
              
            
             
               But
               we
               must
               say
               this
               of
               him
               ,
               that
               he
               would
               never
               flatter
               any
               Man
               for
               a
               Meals
               Meat
               .
               And
               Aristophanes
               does
               but
               acknowledge
               the
               Grandeur
               and
               Loftiness
               of
               his
               mind
               ,
               where
               he
               says
               ,
               
                 
                 
                   With
                   pompous
                   Gate
                   he
                   struts
                   along
                   the
                   streets
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   frowns
                   and
                   scowles
                   on
                   every
                   one
                   he
                   meets
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   though
                   no
                   Shoes
                   upon
                   his
                   Feet
                   he
                   wears
                   ,
                
                 
                   Yet
                   still
                   his
                   haughty
                   Count'nance
                   nothing
                   fears
                   .
                
              
            
             
               However
               sometimes
               ,
               to
               humour
               the
               occasion
               ,
               you
               should
               see
               him
               appear
               in
               splendid
               and
               modest
               Habit
               :
               as
               when
               he
               went
               to
               visit
               Agatho
               ,
               in
               
               Plato's
               Symposium
               .
               And
               such
               was
               his
               Eloquence
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               equally
               prevalent
               whether
               to
               perswade
               or
               disswade
               the
               same
               thing
               .
               Insomuch
               that
               when
               he
               disputed
               with
               Theaetetus
               ,
               concerning
               Knowledge
               ,
               he
               sent
               him
               away
               like
               one
               that
               thought
               himself
               inspir'd
               .
               And
               with
               Euthyphron
               who
               prosecuted
               his
               Father
               ,
               and
               had
               summoned
               him
               for
               Tryal
               at
               such
               a
               day
               ,
               discoursing
               concerning
               Justice
               and
               Piety
               ,
               he
               diverted
               him
               from
               his
               purpose
               ,
               and
               made
               him
               let
               fall
               his
               Suit.
               Convincing
               Lysis
               also
               ,
               he
               made
               him
               a
               most
               Moral
               Man.
               For
               he
               had
               a
               peculiar
               faculty
               to
               adapt
               his
               words
               to
               his
               matter
               .
               And
               Lamprocles
               ,
               so
               undutiful
               and
               cruel
               to
               his
               Mother
               ,
               as
               Xenophon
               relates
               ,
               by
               soft
               perswasion
               he
               overcame
               ,
               and
               brought
               to
               respect
               and
               reverence
               her
               .
               The
               same
               Xenophon
               also
               testifies
               ,
               that
               he
               diverted
               Glauco
               ,
               the
               Brother
               of
               Plato
               ,
               from
               medling
               with
               State
               Affairs
               ,
               by
               convincing
               him
               of
               
               his
               Ignorance
               ,
               and
               want
               of
               Experience
               .
               On
               the
               other
               side
               ,
               he
               admonish'd
               and
               over-perswaded
               Charmides
               to
               apply
               himself
               to
               public
               business
               ,
               as
               being
               fit
               for
               it
               .
               He
               also
               encourag'd
               the
               great
               Captain
               Iphicrates
               ,
               by
               shewing
               him
               the
               Cocks
               of
               Midas
               the
               Barber
               ,
               and
               Callias
               ,
               fighting
               together
               .
               Wherefore
               Glauconides
               thought
               him
               fit
               to
               walk
               about
               the
               City
               ,
               but
               no
               otherwise
               than
               a
               Pheasant
               or
               a
               Peacock
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               't
               was
               to
               him
               a
               wonder
               ,
               that
               every
               Man
               should
               be
               able
               to
               utter
               those
               things
               which
               he
               has
               in
               his
               mind
               ;
               but
               could
               not
               be
               able
               to
               tell
               how
               many
               Friends
               he
               had
               :
               So
               negligent
               we
               were
               in
               the
               observance
               of
               our
               Benefactors
               .
            
             
               To
               Euclides
               that
               apply'd
               himself
               with
               a
               more
               than
               ordinary
               diligence
               to
               cavilling
               Disputes
               ,
               O
               Euclides
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 thou
                 knowest
                 how
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 Sophisters
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 of
                 Men.
              
               For
               he
               look'd
               upon
               it
               as
               an
               idle
               study
               for
               a
               Man
               to
               mind
               those
               things
               ,
               as
               Plato
               records
               in
               his
               Euthydemus
               .
            
             
               He
               refus'd
               the
               Servants
               that
               Charmides
               offer'd
               him
               ,
               to
               attend
               him
               when
               he
               went
               abroad
               ;
               and
               some
               there
               are
               who
               report
               ,
               that
               he
               despis'd
               the
               beauty
               of
               Alcibiades
               .
               Only
               he
               extoll'd
               Leisure
               ,
               as
               the
               best
               thing
               which
               a
               Man
               could
               enjoy
               ,
               as
               Xenophon
               witnesses
               ,
               in
               his
               Symposium
               .
            
             
             
               He
               farther
               held
               ,
               that
               there
               was
               but
               one
               
                 Chief
                 Good
              
               ,
               which
               was
               Knowledge
               :
               And
               one
               thing
               Evil
               above
               all
               the
               rest
               ,
               and
               that
               was
               Ignorance
               .
               Riches
               and
               Nobility
               of
               Birth
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               were
               so
               far
               from
               deserving
               to
               be
               valu'd
               or
               esteem'd
               ,
               that
               they
               were
               rather
               the
               Fountain
               of
               all
               mischief
               .
               Therefore
               to
               one
               who
               told
               him
               that
               the
               Mother
               of
               Antisthenes
               was
               a
               
                 Thracian
                 ,
                 Why
                 ,
                 couldst
                 thou
                 believe
                 ,
              
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 that
                 such
                 a
                 Noble
                 Person
                 could
                 have
                 been
                 born
                 of
                 two
              
               Athenians
               ?
               He
               order'd
               Crito
               to
               redeem
               Phaedo
               ,
               whom
               Captivity
               had
               reduc'd
               to
               ply
               at
               the
               Brothel-Houses
               for
               a
               Livelihood
               ,
               and
               made
               him
               a
               great
               Philosopher
               .
               At
               his
               leisure
               hours
               he
               learn'd
               to
               sing
               to
               the
               Harp
               ;
               affirming
               it
               was
               no
               shame
               for
               a
               Man
               to
               learn
               what
               he
               knew
               not
               before
               .
               He
               accustom'd
               himself
               very
               much
               to
               dancing
               ,
               esteeming
               that
               sort
               of
               Exercise
               ,
               as
               very
               much
               conducing
               to
               Health
               .
               He
               affirm'd
               ,
               That
               the
               Deity
               had
               endu'd
               him
               with
               the
               gift
               of
               Fore-knowledge
               :
               And
               it
               was
               one
               of
               his
               Maxims
               ,
               That
               
                 to
                 begin
                 well
              
               was
               not
               only
               no
               small
               thing
               ,
               but
               the
               chiefest
               thing
               of
               all
               ;
               and
               that
               he
               only
               knew
               this
               ,
               that
               he
               knew
               Nothing
               .
            
             
               Being
               ask'd
               ,
               What
               was
               the
               Vertue
               of
               a
               young
               Man
               ?
               He
               answer'd
               ,
               
                 Nothing
                 to
                 Excess
              
               .
               Then
               for
               Geometry
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               it
               behov'd
               Men
               to
               study
               it
               so
               long
               ,
               till
               
               they
               were
               able
               to
               give
               and
               take
               Land.
               
            
             
               When
               Euripides
               in
               his
               Auga
               repeated
               this
               Expression
               concerning
               Vertue
               ,
               '
               
                 T
                 was
                 best
                 to
                 let
                 her
                 go
                 at
                 Random
              
               ;
               He
               rose
               up
               and
               left
               the
               Stage
               ,
               saying
               as
               he
               went
               off
               ,
               
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 ridiculous
                 thing
                 to
                 deem
                 a
                 lost
                 Slave
                 worthy
                 to
                 be
                 sought
                 after
                 and
                 found
                 out
                 again
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 suffer
                 vertue
                 to
                 perish
                 .
              
               To
               the
               Question
               ,
               whether
               best
               to
               marry
               or
               not
               ,
               he
               answer'd
               ,
               
                 Let
                 a
                 Man
                 do
                 which
                 he
                 pleases
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 repent
                 .
              
            
             
               It
               was
               a
               saying
               that
               he
               wonder'd
               at
               Stone-Cutters
               ,
               who
               endeavour'd
               to
               make
               the
               Stones
               as
               like
               to
               Men
               as
               they
               could
               ,
               but
               never
               took
               care
               to
               prevent
               their
               being
               like
               Stones
               themselves
               .
            
             
               He
               would
               be
               always
               exhorting
               young
               Men
               to
               view
               themselves
               in
               their
               Looking-Glasses
               ;
               that
               if
               they
               saw
               themselves
               fair
               and
               comely
               ,
               they
               might
               render
               themselves
               worthy
               of
               their
               Beauty
               :
               But
               if
               deformed
               ,
               that
               they
               might
               hide
               the
               defects
               of
               the
               Body
               ,
               by
               improvements
               of
               the
               Mind
               .
            
             
               Having
               invited
               certain
               wealthy
               Persons
               to
               Supper
               ,
               and
               perceiving
               Xantippe
               ashamed
               of
               his
               short
               Commons
               ,
               
                 Come
                 ,
                 come
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 never
                 let
                 it
                 trouble
                 thee
                 ;
                 If
                 they
                 be
                 moderate
                 and
                 thrifty
                 Men
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 bear
                 with
                 me
                 :
                 If
                 they
                 be
                 proud
                 and
                 luxurious
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 have
                 no
                 occasion
                 to
                 mind
                 '
                 em
                 .
              
            
             
             
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               That
               other
               Men
               liv'd
               ,
               that
               they
               might
               eat
               ;
               but
               that
               he
               eat
               only
               that
               he
               might
               live
               .
               Concerning
               the
               vulgar
               Multitude
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               they
               were
               like
               a
               vast
               sum
               of
               Money
               ,
               where
               a
               Man
               refuses
               to
               take
               the
               pieces
               one
               by
               one
               ,
               but
               never
               scruples
               to
               carry
               away
               the
               whole
               Heap
               .
               When
               Aeschines
               told
               him
               he
               was
               poor
               ,
               and
               had
               nothing
               else
               to
               give
               him
               but
               himself
               ;
               How
               !
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 and
                 art
                 thou
                 not
                 sensible
                 that
                 thou
                 givest
                 me
                 the
                 greatest
                 gift
                 thou
                 can'st
                 e'er
                 expect
                 to
                 be
                 Master
                 of
                 in
                 this
                 World
                 ?
              
            
             
               To
               one
               that
               murmur'd
               to
               find
               himself
               despis'd
               ,
               when
               the
               thirty
               Tyrants
               came
               into
               Power
               ,
               Oh
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 d'
                 ye
                 repent
                 at
                 length
              
               ?
               To
               another
               ,
               who
               brought
               him
               the
               news
               that
               the
               Athenians
               had
               condemned
               him
               to
               dye
               ;
               
                 Very
                 good
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 and
                 Nature
                 has
                 condemned
                 them
              
               .
               Which
               saying
               is
               ascribed
               by
               others
               to
               Anaxagoras
               .
               To
               his
               Wife
               ,
               that
               cry'd
               to
               him
               ,
               
                 Thou
                 dy'st
                 unjustly
                 :
                 Do'st
                 wish
                 ,
              
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 justly
              
               ?
            
             
               Dreaming
               that
               he
               heard
               a
               Person
               recite
               this
               Verse
               to
               him
               in
               his
               sleep
               ,
               
                 
                   On
                   the
                   third
                   day
                   come
                   thou
                   to
                   
                   Phthia's
                   Plains
                   .
                
              
            
             
               He
               told
               Aeschines
               that
               he
               should
               dye
               within
               three
               days
               .
            
             
             
               Upon
               the
               day
               that
               he
               was
               to
               drink
               the
               Hemlock
               draught
               ,
               when
               Apollodorus
               offer'd
               him
               a
               sumptuous
               upper
               Garment
               to
               cover
               him
               expiring
               ,
               What!
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 my
                 own
                 Cloak
                 suffic'd
                 me
                 while
                 I
                 liv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 it
                 not
                 serve
                 me
                 to
                 dye
                 in
                 ?
              
               To
               one
               who
               brought
               him
               word
               ,
               that
               a
               certain
               Person
               curs'd
               and
               rail'd
               at
               him
               ,
               
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 so
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   for
                   he
                   never
                   learn'd
                   to
                   speak
                   any
                   better
                   .
                
                 When
                 Antisthenes
                 held
                 up
                 his
                 upper
                 Garment
                 ,
                 and
                 shew'd
                 it
                 full
                 of
                 holes
                 to
                 the
                 light
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   see
                
                 ,
                 said
                 
                   Socrates
                   ,
                   thy
                   vanity
                   through
                   the
                   Rents
                   of
                   my
                   Cloak
                   .
                
                 To
                 one
                 that
                 cry'd
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 
                   Does
                   not
                   such
                   a
                   one
                   abuse
                   thee
                   ?
                   No
                   ,
                
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   for
                   his
                   words
                   concern
                   me
                   not
                   .
                
                 He
                 said
                 ,
                 't
                 was
                 expedient
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 expose
                 himself
                 on
                 purpose
                 to
                 the
                 Comoedians
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 they
                 tell
                 us
                 our
                 faults
                 ,
                 we
                 ought
                 to
                 correct
                 'em
                 in
                 our selves
                 ;
                 if
                 not
                 ,
                 their
                 Scoffs
                 are
                 nothing
                 to
                 Us.
                 To
                 Xantippe
                 ,
                 that
                 first
                 read
                 him
                 a
                 Curtain
                 Lecture
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 threw
                 a
                 Bowl
                 of
                 Water
                 in
                 his
                 Face
                 .
                 
                   Did
                   I
                   not
                   tell
                   ye
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   that
                   when
                
                 Xantippe
                 thunder'd
                 ,
                 she
                 would
                 rain
                 soon
                 after
                 .
              
               To
               Alcibiades
               telling
               him
               ,
               That
               
                 Xantippe's
                 Billingsgate
              
               Language
               was
               not
               to
               be
               endur'd
               ;
               Oh!
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 have
                 accustom'd
                 my self
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 troubles
                 me
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 noise
                 of
                 the
                 Mill
                 offends
                 the
                 Miller
                 :
              
               And
               then
               adding
               ,
               
                 Dost
                 not
                 thou
                 bear
                 with
                 the
                 cackling
                 of
                 thy
                 Geese
                 ?
              
               To
               which
               Alcibiades
               replying
               ,
               
               that
               they
               brought
               him
               Eggs
               and
               Goslins
               :
               And
               Xantippe
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 has
                 brought
                 me
                 Children
              
               .
               Another
               time
               ,
               when
               she
               pull'd
               his
               Cloak
               from
               his
               back
               ,
               and
               his
               familiar
               Friends
               advis'd
               him
               to
               chastise
               her
               with
               his
               fists
               ,
               
                 Well
                 advis'd
                 ,
                 by
              
               Jove
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 for
                 you
                 ,
                 while
                 we
                 are
                 together
                 by
                 the
                 Ears
                 ,
                 to
                 laugh
                 at
                 us
                 ,
                 and
                 cry
                 ,
                 well
                 done
              
               Socrates
               ,
               
                 bravely
                 done
              
               Xantippe
               .
               Therefore
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               that
               a
               Man
               must
               use
               himself
               to
               a
               morose
               ill
               humour'd
               Wife
               ,
               as
               Jockies
               order
               their
               high
               mettl'd
               Horses
               .
               For
               by
               breaking
               Them
               of
               their
               Jades
               tricks
               ,
               they
               learn
               to
               ride
               others
               with
               pleasure
               .
               So
               I
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               being
               accustom'd
               to
               
               Xantippe's
               bawling
               ,
               can
               the
               more
               easily
               brook
               the
               indignities
               of
               Men
               when
               I
               come
               abroad
               .
               These
               ,
               and
               such
               like
               Sentences
               and
               Admonitions
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               both
               utter'd
               and
               practis'd
               every
               day
               ,
               he
               was
               applauded
               by
               the
               Pythian
               Priests
               ,
               who
               return'd
               that
               Answer
               to
               Chaerephon
               ,
               which
               is
               in
               every
               Bodies
               Mouth
               .
               
                 
                   Of
                   all
                   Men
                   living
                   ,
                   Socrates
                   the
                   Wisest
                   .
                
              
            
             
               This
               drew
               upon
               him
               the
               envy
               of
               several
               ,
               especially
               those
               ,
               who
               having
               a
               proud
               and
               impertinent
               conceit
               of
               themselves
               ,
               he
               always
               despis'd
               for
               Fools
               and
               Nonsensical
               fellows
               ;
               of
               which
               number
               was
               Anytus
               ,
               
               as
               Plato
               relates
               in
               his
               Memnon
               .
               This
               Anytus
               therefore
               not
               brooking
               the
               Jokes
               and
               Sarcasms
               that
               Socrates
               daily
               put
               upon
               him
               ,
               first
               embitter'd
               Aristophanes
               ;
               after
               that
               he
               incensed
               Melitus
               to
               draw
               up
               an
               Indictment
               against
               him
               ,
               laying
               Impiety
               ,
               and
               corrupting
               of
               Youth
               to
               his
               Charge
               .
               Thereupon
               Melitus
               drew
               up
               the
               Bill
               ,
               and
               Polyeuretus
               took
               upon
               him
               the
               Prosecution
               ,
               as
               Phavorinus
               relates
               in
               his
               Universal
               History
               .
               Polycrates
               the
               Sophister
               compil'd
               the
               Declamation
               against
               him
               ,
               as
               Hermippus
               reports
               ;
               though
               others
               will
               have
               Anytus
               himself
               to
               be
               the
               Person
               ;
               and
               Lyco
               the
               Orator
               manag'd
               the
               Tryal
               .
               But
               Antisthenes
               in
               his
               Successions
               of
               the
               Philosophers
               ,
               and
               Plato
               in
               his
               Apologies
               ,
               relate
               him
               to
               have
               had
               three
               Accusers
               ,
               
                 Anytus
                 ,
                 Lyco
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Melitus
                 .
                 Anytus
              
               took
               the
               Citizens
               ,
               and
               Tradesmens
               part
               ;
               Lyco
               appear'd
               for
               the
               Orators
               ,
               and
               Melitus
               stood
               for
               the
               Poets
               ,
               who
               had
               every
               one
               felt
               the
               lash
               of
               
               Socrates's
               Reprimands
               .
               But
               Phavorinus
               in
               his
               first
               Book
               of
               Remembrances
               ,
               tells
               us
               ,
               that
               the
               Oration
               fix'd
               upon
               Polycrates
               could
               not
               be
               his
               ,
               for
               that
               there
               is
               mention
               made
               therein
               of
               the
               Walls
               that
               were
               repair'd
               by
               Conan
               ;
               which
               was
               not
               done
               till
               six
               years
               after
               the
               death
               of
               Socrates
               .
               Now
               the
               form
               of
               the
               Process
               ran
               thus
               :
               For
               it
               still
               remains
               to
               be
               seen
               ,
               says
               
               Phavorinus
               in
               the
               
                 Metroum
                 ;
                 Melitus
              
               of
               Pithea
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Melitus
               ,
               accuses
               Socrates
               the
               Alopecian
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Sophroniscus
               ,
               of
               the
               following
               Crimes
               .
               Socrates
               does
               impiously
               ,
               not
               believing
               those
               to
               be
               Gods
               ,
               which
               the
               City
               believes
               to
               be
               so
               ,
               but
               introducing
               other
               strange
               Deities
               .
               He
               does
               impiously
               in
               Corrupting
               and
               Seducing
               the
               Youth
               of
               the
               City
               .
               Wherefore
               his
               punishment
               ought
               to
               be
               Death
               .
            
             
               Soon
               after
               ,
               when
               Lysias
               had
               read
               the
               Apology
               which
               he
               had
               made
               for
               him
               ,
               
                 'T
                 is
                 an
                 exceeding
                 Eloquent
                 ,
                 and
                 Polite
                 Oration
                 .
              
               Lysias
               ,
               said
               the
               Philosopher
               ,
               
                 yet
                 it
                 nothing
                 concerns
                 me
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 was
                 more
                 like
                 a
                 judicial
                 piece
                 of
                 Pleading
                 than
                 was
                 proper
                 for
                 a
                 Philosopher
                 to
                 own
                 .
              
               But
               then
               Lysias
               demanding
               ,
               if
               the
               Oration
               were
               good
               ,
               and
               lik'd
               him
               ,
               wherefore
               it
               were
               not
               convenient
               for
               him
               ?
               
                 May
                 not
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 my
                 Garments
                 and
                 Shoes
                 be
                 very
                 splendid
                 and
                 fashionable
                 ,
                 yet
                 not
                 fit
                 me
                 ?
              
            
             
               At
               the
               time
               of
               the
               Tryal
               ,
               Justus
               of
               Tiberias
               in
               his
               Stemma
               relates
               ,
               that
               Plato
               ascended
               into
               the
               Pulpit
               ,
               and
               thus
               beginning
               his
               Harangue
               ,
               
                 Though
                 the
                 youngest
                 in
                 years
                 ,
                 O
                 Men
                 of
              
               Athens
               ,
               
                 of
                 any
                 that
                 ever
                 yet
                 ascended
                 into
                 this
                 Place
                 :
              
               He
               was
               presently
               interrupted
               by
               the
               Judges
               ,
               who
               cry'd
               out
               ,
               
                 Come
                 down
                 then
              
               .
               Thereupon
               he
               was
               cast
               by
               two
               hundred
               eighty
               and
               one
               Voices
               .
               
               After
               which
               the
               Judges
               debating
               whether
               to
               punish
               his
               Body
               or
               his
               Purse
               ,
               he
               told
               'em
               ,
               he
               was
               ready
               to
               pay
               twenty
               five
               Drachma's
               ,
               though
               Eubulides
               affirms
               ,
               that
               he
               promis'd
               a
               hundred
               .
               Upon
               which
               the
               Judges
               being
               divided
               in
               their
               Opinions
               ,
               
                 I
                 should
                 have
                 thought
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 for
                 what
                 I
                 have
                 done
                 I
                 might
                 rather
                 have
                 been
                 rewarded
                 ,
                 and
                 allowed
                 the
                 Public
                 Maintenance
                 of
                 the
              
               Prytaneum
               .
               But
               that
               put
               'em
               into
               such
               a
               Heat
               ,
               that
               they
               presently
               condemned
               him
               to
               death
               ,
               with
               a
               new
               access
               of
               fourscore
               Voices
               more
               .
               Thereupon
               he
               was
               thrown
               into
               Irons
               .
               Nor
               was
               it
               many
               days
               after
               that
               ,
               before
               he
               drank
               the
               poysonous
               Juice
               ;
               uttering
               at
               his
               death
               those
               Raptures
               of
               Morality
               &
               Philosophy
               ,
               which
               Plato
               has
               recorded
               in
               his
               Phaedo
               .
               There
               are
               some
               who
               affirm
               that
               he
               wrote
               that
               Hymn
               to
               Apollo
               and
               Diana
               ,
               which
               begins
               ,
               
                 
                   Diana
                   ,
                   Hail
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Thou
                     bright
                  
                   Delian
                   Youth
                   ,
                
                 
                   Apollo
                   ,
                   
                     Hail
                     ;
                     renowned
                     Off-spring
                     Both.
                  
                   
                
              
            
             
               Though
               Dionysodorus
               will
               not
               allow
               it
               to
               be
               his
               .
               He
               also
               wrote
               an
               Aesopian
               Fable
               ,
               highly
               significant
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               purpose
               ,
               which
               thus
               began
               ,
               
                 
                   The
                   wise
                   Aesopus
                   his
                   Corinthians
                   taught
                   ,
                
                 
                   Not
                   to
                   trust
                   Vertue
                   with
                   the
                   common
                   Rout.
                   
                
              
            
             
             
               This
               was
               the
               Exit
               which
               Socrates
               made
               out
               of
               the
               World.
               But
               soon
               after
               the
               Athenians
               so
               sorely
               repented
               of
               what
               they
               had
               done
               ,
               that
               they
               shut
               up
               for
               a
               time
               all
               their
               Places
               of
               Public
               Sports
               and
               Exercises
               :
               And
               for
               his
               Judges
               ,
               some
               they
               Exil'd
               ,
               and
               condemn'd
               Melitus
               to
               Death
               :
               But
               the
               Memory
               of
               Socrates
               they
               honour'd
               with
               a
               Brazen
               Statue
               ,
               the
               Workmanship
               of
               Lysippus
               ,
               which
               they
               erected
               in
               the
               chiefest
               Street
               of
               the
               City
               .
               Anytus
               also
               ,
               being
               then
               beyond
               the
               Seas
               ,
               the
               Heracleots
               exterminated
               the
               same
               day
               .
               Nor
               were
               the
               Athenians
               thus
               unkind
               to
               Socrates
               alone
               ,
               but
               to
               several
               other
               Illustrious
               Persons
               also
               .
               For
               ,
               as
               Heraclides
               reports
               ,
               they
               Fin'd
               Homer
               fifty
               Drachma's
               ,
               as
               being
               a
               mad
               Man
               ;
               and
               condemn'd
               Tyrtaeus
               for
               a
               Fool
               ;
               though
               they
               honour'd
               Astydamas
               the
               first
               of
               
               Aeschylus's
               Scholars
               with
               a
               Brazen
               Statue
               .
               Which
               Euripides
               throws
               upon
               'em
               as
               a
               reproach
               ,
               in
               his
               Palamedes
               .
               
                 
                   Y'have
                   slain
                   ,
                   y'have
                   slain
                   the
                   Wise
                   sweet-singing
                   Muse
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   liv'd
                   among
                   ye
                   free
                   from
                   all
                   abuse
                   .
                
              
            
             
               However
               Philochorus
               affirms
               that
               Enripides
               dy'd
               before
               Socrates
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               born
               ,
               as
               Apollodorus
               relates
               in
               his
               Chronicle
               ,
               under
               the
               Government
               
               of
               Aphsephion
               ,
               in
               the
               fourth
               year
               of
               the
               77th
               .
               Olympiad
               ,
               upon
               the
               sixth
               day
               of
               the
               Month
               Thargelion
               ,
               or
               April
               ,
               when
               the
               Athenians
               purifie
               their
               City
               with
               a
               Solemn
               Procession
               ,
               the
               very
               same
               day
               that
               the
               Delians
               affirm
               Diana
               to
               have
               been
               born
               .
            
             
               He
               dy'd
               in
               the
               first
               year
               of
               the
               ninety
               fifth
               Olympiad
               ;
               in
               the
               seventieth
               year
               of
               his
               Age
               :
               Which
               
                 Demetrius
                 Phalereus
              
               also
               testifies
               ,
               in
               opposition
               to
               others
               ,
               who
               will
               not
               allow
               him
               to
               have
               liv'd
               above
               sixty
               .
               However
               they
               were
               Disciples
               of
               Anaxagoras
               ,
               both
               he
               ,
               and
               Euripides
               ,
               who
               was
               born
               in
               the
               first
               year
               of
               the
               seventy
               fifth
               Olympiad
               under
               the
               Government
               of
               Callias
               .
            
             
               Now
               it
               seems
               to
               me
               that
               Socrates
               apply'd
               himself
               also
               to
               
                 Natural
                 Philosophy
              
               ;
               which
               appears
               by
               his
               Discourses
               of
               Providence
               ,
               mention'd
               by
               Xenophon
               ,
               though
               he
               never
               made
               any
               set
               Orations
               ,
               but
               such
               as
               concern'd
               Morality
               ,
               and
               the
               well
               ordering
               of
               Humane
               Life
               .
               And
               Plato
               in
               his
               Apology
               ,
               making
               mention
               of
               Anaxagoras
               and
               other
               Philosophers
               ,
               discourses
               of
               those
               things
               which
               Socrates
               is
               said
               not
               to
               have
               deny'd
               ,
               as
               attributing
               all
               to
               
                 Socrates
                 .
                 Aristotle
              
               also
               reports
               ,
               that
               a
               certain
               Magician
               ,
               coming
               out
               of
               Syria
               to
               Athens
               ,
               reprehended
               Socrates
               for
               many
               things
               ,
               and
               foretold
               his
               violent
               Death
               .
               As
               for
               any
               Epigrams
               
               that
               were
               made
               upon
               him
               ,
               we
               find
               no
               other
               ,
               but
               this
               of
               our
               own
               .
               
                 
                   Now
                   Nectar
                   sip
                   among
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   for
                   thee
                
                 
                   Great
                   Socrates
                   ,
                   the
                   Delphian
                   Deity
                   ,
                
                 
                   Pronounc'd
                   the
                   Man
                   (
                   and
                   sure
                   the
                   God
                   was
                   wise
                   )
                
                 
                   Whom
                   he
                   for
                   wisdom
                   above
                   all
                   did
                   prize
                   .
                
                 
                   Ingrateful
                   Athens
                   in
                   a
                   poyson'd
                   Bowl
                   ;
                
                 
                   To
                   Starry
                   Mansions
                   sent
                   thy
                   swimming
                   Soul
                   ;
                
                 
                   The
                   more
                   ingrateful
                   they
                   ,
                   and
                   vile
                   much
                   more
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   drank
                   such
                   Wisdom
                   from
                   thy
                   Lips
                   before
                   :
                
              
            
             
               Aristotle
               tells
               us
               in
               his
               Poetics
               that
               Antiochus
               of
               Lemnos
               ,
               and
               Antiopho
               ,
               an
               expounder
               of
               Prodigies
               ,
               labour'd
               highly
               to
               be
               his
               Emulaters
               ;
               as
               Onatas
               and
               Kydo
               vy'd
               with
               
                 Pythagoras
                 ,
                 Sagaris
              
               with
               Homer
               living
               ,
               and
               Xenophanes
               after
               his
               death
               :
               Cecrops
               with
               
                 Hesiod
                 ;
                 Pindar
              
               with
               Amphimenes
               the
               
                 Coan
                 ;
                 Thales
              
               with
               
                 Pherecydes
                 ;
                 Bias
              
               with
               Salarus
               of
               
                 Priene
                 ;
                 Pittacus
              
               with
               Antimenides
               ,
               and
               
                 Alceus
                 ;
                 Sosibius
              
               with
               
                 Anaxagoras
                 ;
                 Simonides
              
               with
               Timocreon
               .
               Now
               of
               those
               that
               succeeded
               Socrates
               ,
               and
               were
               called
               Socratics
               ,
               the
               most
               eminent
               were
               
                 Plato
                 ;
                 Xenophon
              
               and
               Antisthenes
               .
               Of
               those
               that
               were
               call'd
               the
               Ten
               ,
               the
               most
               famous
               were
               
                 Aesthines
                 ,
                 Phaedo
                 ,
                 Euclid
              
               ,
               and
               Aristippus
               .
            
             
             
               There
               was
               also
               another
               Socrates
               ,
               who
               was
               an
               Historian
               ,
               and
               wrote
               the
               History
               of
               Argos
               ;
               another
               a
               Bithynian
               ,
               and
               a
               Peripatetic
               ;
               a
               third
               ,
               a
               writer
               of
               Epigrams
               ,
               and
               a
               fourth
               ,
               a
               Coan
               ,
               who
               set
               down
               several
               Forms
               of
               Supplications
               to
               the
               Gods.
               
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               XENOPHON
               .
            
             
               XEnophon
               ,
               an
               Athenian
               ,
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Gryllus
               ,
               Born
               in
               the
               Village
               of
               Argeus
               :
               modest
               to
               Excess
               ,
               and
               the
               most
               lovely
               Person
               living
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               ,
               that
               meeting
               Socrates
               in
               a
               narrow
               Passage
               ,
               he
               held
               up
               his
               Stick
               ,
               and
               having
               stopped
               him
               from
               going
               forward
               ,
               asked
               him
               where
               he
               might
               purchase
               such
               and
               such
               things
               ,
               that
               were
               necessary
               for
               humane
               Use
               :
               to
               which
               ,
               when
               Socrates
               had
               returned
               him
               an
               Answer
               ;
               Socrates
               asked
               him
               again
               ,
               where
               good
               and
               vertuous
               Men
               were
               to
               be
               found
               ;
               which
               sudden
               question
               putting
               Xenophon
               to
               a
               non-plus
               ,
               
                 Follow
                 me
                 then
                 ,
                 said
              
               Socrates
               ,
               
                 and
                 Learn
              
               :
               and
               so
               from
               thenceforth
               ,
               Xenophon
               became
               a
               Hearer
               of
               Socrates
               :
               and
               was
               the
               first
               ,
               who
               taking
               Notes
               of
               what
               he
               heard
               ,
               afterwards
               made
               his
               Observations
               public
               in
               writing
               to
               all
               the
               World
               ;
               being
               
               also
               the
               first
               that
               wrote
               the
               History
               of
               the
               Philosophers
               .
               He
               was
               in
               Love
               with
               Clini●s
               ,
               as
               Aristippus
               relates
               in
               his
               fourth
               Book
               
                 of
                 the
                 delights
                 of
                 the
                 Ancients
                 ,
              
               to
               whom
               he
               is
               said
               to
               have
               used
               these
               Expressions
               .
               
                 And
                 now
                 Clinias
                 ,
                 I
                 behold
                 thee
                 with
                 more
                 delight
                 ,
                 than
                 all
                 things
                 else
                 whatever
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 accounted
                 Beautiful
                 among
                 Men.
                 Nor
                 would
                 I
                 value
                 my
                 being
                 Blind
                 as
                 to
                 all
                 other
                 Objects
                 ,
                 so
                 I
                 might
                 enjoy
                 the
                 Sight
                 of
                 Clinias
                 only
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 am
                 perplexed
                 all
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 disquieted
                 in
                 my
                 Dreams
                 ,
                 because
                 I
                 see
                 not
                 Him.
                 But
                 I
                 return
                 the
                 choicest
                 of
                 my
                 Thanks
                 to
                 Day
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 Su●
                 ,
              
               because
               they
               shew
               me
               Clinias
               again
               .
               As
               for
               his
               Friendship
               with
               Cyrus
               ,
               he
               gained
               it
               in
               this
               manner
               .
               There
               was
               then
               in
               the
               Persian
               Court
               ,
               a
               familiar
               Friend
               of
               his
               ,
               Proxenus
               by
               Name
               ,
               by
               Birth
               a
               Boeotian
               ,
               the
               Disciple
               of
               
                 Gorgius
                 Leontinus
              
               ,
               well
               known
               to
               Cyrus
               ,
               and
               by
               him
               highly
               beloved
               .
               He
               remaining
               at
               Sardis
               with
               Cyrus
               sent
               an
               Epistle
               to
               Xenophon
               and
               then
               at
               Athens
               ,
               inviting
               him
               to
               an
               Acquaintance
               with
               the
               Prince
               ,
               Xenophon
               ,
               shewed
               the
               Letter
               to
               Socrates
               ,
               and
               asked
               his
               Advice
               ;
               who
               sent
               him
               to
               Delphos
               to
               consult
               the
               Oracle
               .
               Thither
               Xenophon
               went
               ,
               in
               obedience
               to
               Socrates
               ,
               and
               enquires
               of
               the
               Deity
               ,
               not
               whether
               he
               should
               go
               to
               Cyrus
               ,
               
               but
               after
               what
               manner
               .
               For
               which
               ,
               tho'
               Socrates
               modestly
               blamed
               him
               ,
               yet
               he
               advised
               him
               to
               go
               .
               Thereupon
               he
               went
               ,
               and
               ingratiated
               himself
               in
               such
               a
               manner
               with
               the
               young
               Prince
               ,
               that
               he
               became
               no
               less
               his
               Friend
               than
               Proxenus
               .
               As
               for
               what
               happened
               in
               the
               ascent
               of
               Cyrus
               ,
               and
               the
               return
               of
               the
               Greeks
               ,
               he
               himself
               has
               given
               us
               a
               perfect
               account
               with
               his
               own
               Pen.
               But
               he
               hated
               Meno
               ,
               the
               Pharsalian
               ,
               at
               the
               time
               of
               the
               Ascent
               ,
               Commander
               of
               the
               Foreign
               Troops
               ,
               who
               among
               other
               Reproaches
               ,
               upbraided
               him
               with
               his
               Excess
               of
               Male-Venery
               .
               Moreover
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               scoff
               at
               Apollonides
               ,
               and
               tell
               him
               ,
               
                 that
                 his
                 Ears
                 were
                 bored
              
               .
            
             
               After
               the
               Ascent
               ,
               his
               misfortunes
               in
               Pontus
               ,
               and
               the
               violation
               of
               the
               Leagues
               he
               had
               made
               with
               Seuthus
               ,
               King
               of
               the
               Odrysians
               ,
               he
               marched
               into
               Asia
               ,
               and
               join'd
               with
               Agesilaus
               ,
               King
               of
               the
               Lacedemonians
               ,
               and
               listing
               under
               his
               Command
               the
               Souldiers
               that
               he
               brought
               along
               with
               him
               ,
               he
               became
               his
               familiar
               Acquaintance
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               because
               he
               seemed
               to
               take
               part
               with
               the
               Lacedemonians
               ,
               he
               was
               Condemn'd
               and
               Exil'd
               by
               the
               Athenians
               .
               Marching
               then
               to
               Ephesus
               ,
               and
               being
               full
               of
               Money
               ,
               he
               delivered
               the
               one
               half
               of
               his
               Gold
               to
               Megabyztes
               ,
               the
               Priest
               of
               Diana
               ,
               to
               keep
               till
               his
               Return
               ;
               but
               if
               he
               
               never
               came
               back
               ,
               for
               the
               consecration
               of
               a
               Statue
               to
               the
               Goddess
               .
               Of
               the
               other
               half
               he
               sent
               a
               good
               part
               in
               Presents
               and
               Offerings
               to
               Delphos
               .
               From
               thence
               he
               accompany'd
               Agesilaus
               into
               Greece
               ,
               being
               call'd
               home
               to
               command
               in
               the
               Theban
               War
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               the
               Lacedemonians
               kindly
               entertain'd
               him
               ,
               and
               afforded
               him
               all
               necessary
               Accommodations
               .
               After
               that
               ,
               taking
               his
               leave
               of
               Agesilaus
               ,
               who
               retir'd
               to
               Scilluntes
               ,
               in
               the
               Territory
               of
               Elea
               ,
               not
               far
               distant
               from
               the
               City
               ;
               whither
               a
               certain
               ordinary
               Woman
               ,
               called
               Philesia
               ,
               as
               Dentetrius
               the
               Magnesian
               relates
               ,
               together
               with
               two
               Children
               ,
               Gryllus
               and
               Diodorus
               ,
               which
               were
               also
               said
               to
               be
               Twins
               ,
               as
               Dinarchus
               reports
               in
               his
               Book
               of
               Divorce
               against
               Xenophon
               .
               Soon
               after
               Megabyzus
               ,
               coming
               to
               attend
               the
               public
               Solemnities
               of
               the
               Place
               ,
               he
               receiv'd
               his
               Money
               ,
               with
               which
               he
               purchased
               a
               piece
               of
               Land
               ,
               and
               consecrated
               the
               same
               to
               the
               Goddess
               ,
               lying
               upon
               the
               River
               Selenus
               ,
               which
               bare
               the
               same
               name
               ,
               with
               that
               which
               ran
               by
               the
               Walls
               of
               Eph●sus
               .
               There
               he
               spent
               his
               time
               in
               Hunting
               ,
               feasting
               his
               Friends
               ,
               and
               writing
               Histories
               :
               Though
               Dinarchus
               affirms
               ,
               that
               his
               House
               and
               Lands
               were
               the
               free
               gift
               of
               the
               
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 Philopidas
              
               also
               the
               Spartan
               ,
               sent
               him
               several
               Dardanian
               Captives
               ,
               of
               
               which
               he
               dispos'd
               as
               he
               thought
               fit
               himself
               :
               At
               what
               time
               the
               Eleans
               marching
               against
               Scilluntes
               ,
               while
               the
               Lacedaemonians
               delay'd
               their
               assistance
               ,
               took
               the
               Country
               .
               But
               then
               the
               Sons
               of
               Xenophon
               privately
               withdrew
               themselves
               with
               a
               small
               retinue
               ,
               and
               came
               to
               
                 Lepreum
                 .
                 Xenophon
              
               himself
               also
               first
               retir'd
               to
               Elis
               ,
               then
               to
               Lepreum
               ,
               to
               his
               Sons
               ,
               and
               thence
               all
               together
               getting
               safe
               to
               Corinth
               ,
               there
               settl'd
               themselves
               .
               At
               the
               same
               time
               the
               Athenians
               having
               resolv'd
               to
               assist
               the
               Lacedaemonians
               ,
               he
               sent
               his
               Sons
               to
               Athens
               to
               serve
               in
               the
               Wars
               .
               For
               they
               had
               been
               both
               bred
               up
               at
               Sparta
               ,
               as
               Diocles
               relates
               in
               his
               Lives
               of
               the
               Philosophers
               .
               As
               for
               Diodorus
               ,
               he
               escap'd
               out
               of
               the
               Battel
               ,
               without
               performing
               any
               remarkable
               Atchievment
               .
               But
               Gryllus
               ,
               serving
               among
               the
               Cavalry
               (
               for
               it
               was
               at
               the
               Battle
               of
               Mantinea
               )
               after
               he
               had
               behav'd
               himself
               with
               a
               more
               than
               ordinary
               courage
               ,
               dy'd
               valiantly
               in
               the
               Throng
               of
               his
               Enemies
               ,
               as
               Euphorus
               relates
               in
               the
               five
               and
               twentieth
               Book
               of
               his
               History
               ,
               Ctephisodotus
               then
               leading
               the
               Horse
               ,
               and
               Agesilaus
               commanding
               the
               Foot
               :
               And
               the
               same
               Fate
               befalling
               the
               Theban
               General
               ;
               for
               Epaminondas
               was
               slain
               in
               the
               same
               fight
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               ,
               That
               when
               the
               news
               of
               the
               defeat
               was
               brought
               to
               Xenophon
               ,
               he
               
               was
               then
               offering
               Sacrifices
               with
               a
               Crown
               upon
               his
               Head
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               ,
               when
               he
               heard
               that
               his
               Son
               Gryllus
               was
               slain
               ,
               he
               laid
               aside
               his
               Crown
               ;
               but
               afterwards
               ,
               finding
               by
               the
               continuance
               of
               the
               Relation
               that
               he
               had
               bravely
               fought
               ,
               and
               dy'd
               honourably
               ,
               he
               put
               on
               his
               Crown
               again
               .
               Some
               report
               ;
               that
               he
               did
               not
               so
               much
               as
               shed
               a
               Tear
               ,
               only
               sigh'd
               out
               these
               words
               ,
               
                 I
                 know
                 that
                 my
                 Son
                 was
                 not
                 Immortal
                 .
                 Aristotle
              
               also
               tells
               us
               ,
               That
               an
               infinite
               number
               of
               Persons
               wrote
               the
               Praises
               of
               Gryllus
               ,
               and
               bestow'd
               Epitaphs
               upon
               him
               ,
               partly
               to
               celebrate
               his
               Name
               ,
               and
               partly
               to
               gratifie
               his
               Father
               .
               Hermippus
               moreover
               asserts
               ,
               That
               Socrates
               wrote
               an
               Encomium
               of
               Gryllus
               ,
               which
               Timon
               thus
               derides
               ;
               
                 
                   A
                   sorry
                   Duad
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   Leash
                   ,
                   perhaps
                   ,
                
                 
                   Of
                   Doggrel
                   Distichs
                   he
                   together
                   scrapes
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   claw
                   kind
                   Xenophon
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   to
                   please
                
                 
                   His
                   Friend
                   and
                   Scholar
                   ,
                   bawling
                   Aeschines
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Xenophon
               flourish'd
               in
               the
               fourth
               year
               of
               the
               ninety
               fourth
               Olympiad
               ;
               and
               he
               accompany'd
               Cyrus
               in
               his
               Expedition
               at
               what
               time
               Xenaretus
               govern'd
               Athens
               ,
               a
               year
               before
               the
               death
               of
               Socrates
               .
               He
               dy'd
               (
               according
               to
               Stesiclides
               in
               his
               Epitome
               of
               the
               Archontes
               and
               Olympiaes
               )
               in
               the
               first
               year
               of
               the
               hundred
               and
               fifth
               Olympiad
               ,
               
               during
               the
               Government
               of
               Callidemides
               ,
               at
               what
               time
               Philip
               the
               Son
               of
               Amyntas
               reign'd
               in
               Macedon
               .
               And
               Demetrius
               the
               Magnesian
               affirms
               ,
               That
               he
               was
               far
               strick'n
               in
               years
               at
               the
               time
               of
               his
               decease
               :
               A
               person
               of
               great
               Vertue
               ,
               and
               among
               his
               other
               Excellencies
               ,
               a
               great
               Lover
               of
               Horsemanship
               ,
               Hunting
               ,
               and
               Warlike
               Discipline
               ,
               as
               is
               manifest
               by
               his
               Writings
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               very
               Religious
               ,
               a
               constant
               Offerer
               of
               Sacrifices
               ;
               one
               who
               was
               able
               to
               judge
               of
               Religion
               ,
               and
               an
               exact
               Emulator
               of
               Socrates
               in
               every
               thing
               .
               He
               wrote
               about
               forty
               several
               Treatises
               ;
               the
               Ascent
               of
               Cyrus
               ;
               annexing
               a
               Prologue
               to
               every
               particular
               Book
               ,
               but
               not
               any
               to
               the
               Whole
               ;
               the
               Education
               of
               Cyrus
               ;
               the
               Transactions
               of
               the
               Greeks
               ,
               and
               several
               Commentaries
               ;
               his
               Symposium
               ,
               and
               Oeconomics
               .
               He
               wrote
               also
               of
               Horsemanship
               ,
               and
               of
               Hunting
               ;
               an
               Apology
               for
               Socrates
               ;
               of
               
                 Seeds
                 ;
                 Hiero
              
               ,
               or
               the
               Tyrant
               ;
               Agesilaus
               ;
               the
               Common-wealth
               of
               Athens
               ,
               and
               Lacedaemon
               :
               Which
               latter
               Demetrius
               the
               Magnesian
               denies
               to
               be
               
               Xenophon's
               .
               It
               is
               reported
               also
               ,
               that
               when
               it
               was
               in
               his
               power
               to
               have
               stifl'd
               the
               Works
               of
               Thucydides
               ,
               he
               was
               the
               first
               who
               made
               'em
               public
               to
               the
               World
               ,
               for
               the
               honour
               of
               the
               Author
               .
               He
               was
               call'd
               the
               Athenian
               Muse
               ,
               for
               the
               
               sweetness
               of
               his
               Style
               .
               For
               which
               he
               was
               envy'd
               by
               Plato
               ,
               as
               we
               shall
               declare
               in
               his
               Life
               .
               Nor
               could
               we
               our selves
               refrain
               his
               commendations
               in
               the
               following
               Epigrams
               .
               
                 
                   By
                   Cyrus
                   call'd
                   to
                   assist
                   his
                   bold
                   Ascent
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   valiant
                   Xenophon
                   not
                   only
                   went
                   ;
                
                 
                   But
                   back
                   returning
                   he
                   so
                   bravely
                   fought
                   ,
                
                 
                   As
                   one
                   that
                   for
                   Immortal
                   honour
                   sought
                   :
                
                 
                   Then
                   writing
                   his
                   bold
                   acts
                   ,
                   he
                   plainly
                   shew'd
                
                 
                   How
                   much
                   to
                   Socrates
                   his
                   Valour
                   ow'd
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Then
               this
               upon
               his
               Death
               .
               
                 
                   Tho'
                   Thee
                   ,
                   Great
                   Xenophon
                   ,
                   thy
                   Native
                   Soil
                
                 
                   For
                   Cyrus
                   sake
                   condemn'd
                   to
                   long
                   Exile
                   ,
                
                 
                   More
                   kindly
                   far
                   by
                   Corinth
                   entertain'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   A
                   happy
                   life
                   thou
                   lead'st
                   ,
                   where
                   mildness
                   reign'd
                   .
                
              
            
             
               In
               some
               other
               Authors
               I
               have
               read
               ,
               that
               he
               flourish'd
               about
               the
               Eighty
               ninth
               Olympiad
               ,
               together
               with
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Socraetics
               .
               On
               the
               other
               side
               ,
               Ister
               asserts
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               banish'd
               by
               the
               Decree
               of
               Eubulus
               ,
               but
               that
               afterwards
               the
               same
               person
               gave
               his
               Voice
               for
               his
               return
               home
               .
            
             
               Of
               his
               name
               there
               were
               seven
               in
               all
               :
               Himself
               the
               first
               :
               The
               second
               an
               Athenian
               ,
               the
               Brother
               of
               Pythostratus
               ,
               who
               wrote
               
               a
               Poem
               ,
               entitl'd
               Theseis
               ;
               as
               also
               the
               Life
               of
               Epaminondas
               ,
               and
               Pelopidas
               .
               The
               third
               was
               a
               Physician
               of
               Coos
               ;
               A
               fourth
               ,
               who
               compil'd
               the
               History
               of
               Hannibal
               :
               The
               fifth
               ,
               a
               Collector
               of
               Fabulous
               Prodigies
               :
               The
               sixth
               a
               Parian
               ,
               and
               a
               famous
               Statuary
               :
               The
               seventh
               ,
               a
               writer
               of
               Comedies
               ,
               after
               the
               Ancient
               strain
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               AESCHINES
               .
            
             
               Aeschines
               an
               Athenian
               ,
               as
               some
               say
               ,
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Charinus
               ,
               whose
               Trade
               it
               was
               to
               make
               Sawcidges
               ;
               as
               others
               assert
               of
               Lysanias
               ;
               industrious
               from
               his
               Infancy
               :
               And
               therefore
               he
               never
               forsook
               Socrates
               :
               Which
               occasion'd
               that
               saying
               of
               his
               Master
               ,
               The
               Sawcidge-makers
               Son
               is
               the
               only
               person
               that
               ever
               knew
               how
               to
               give
               us
               respect
               .
            
             
               This
               was
               he
               ,
               as
               Idomeneus
               relates
               ,
               and
               not
               Crito
               ,
               who
               advis'd
               Socrates
               to
               make
               his
               escape
               out
               of
               Prison
               ;
               though
               Plato
               ,
               more
               a
               friend
               to
               Aristippus
               ,
               will
               have
               Crito
               to
               be
               the
               Author
               of
               that
               good
               Counsel
               .
               However
               Aeschines
               was
               question'd
               for
               it
               ,
               and
               eagerly
               prosecuted
               by
               Menedemus
               
               the
               Eretrian
               ,
               because
               he
               had
               divulg'd
               several
               Dialogues
               under
               
               Socrates's
               name
               ,
               and
               which
               he
               pretended
               to
               have
               receiv'd
               from
               Xantippe
               .
               Of
               which
               ,
               those
               that
               bear
               the
               Title
               of
               Acephali
               ,
               are
               very
               loose
               and
               extravagant
               ,
               not
               savouring
               in
               the
               least
               of
               Socratic
               reserv'dness
               .
               And
               therefore
               Pisistratus
               the
               Ephesian
               denies
               'em
               to
               have
               been
               compos'd
               by
               Aeschines
               .
               To
               which
               Perseus
               adds
               ,
               That
               seven
               of
               those
               Dialogues
               ,
               being
               the
               greatest
               part
               ,
               were
               written
               by
               Pasipho
               of
               Eretrium
               ,
               and
               by
               him
               foisted
               into
               the
               Works
               of
               Aeschines
               .
               On
               the
               other
               side
               ,
               that
               Antisthenes
               ,
               the
               
                 lesser
                 Cyrus
              
               ,
               the
               
                 lesser
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 Alcibiades
              
               and
               the
               Lives
               of
               several
               others
               were
               all
               written
               by
               Him.
               Now
               the
               Dialogues
               of
               Aeschines
               ,
               describing
               the
               Life
               and
               Conversation
               of
               Socrates
               were
               seven
               ;
               under
               the
               names
               of
               
                 Miltiades
                 ,
                 Callias
                 ,
                 Axiochus
                 ,
                 Aspasia
                 ,
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 Telauges
                 ,
              
               and
               Rhino
               .
            
             
               Some
               there
               are
               who
               report
               ,
               that
               being
               reduc'd
               to
               great
               want
               ,
               he
               took
               a
               Voyage
               into
               Sicily
               ,
               hoping
               to
               tast
               of
               
               Dionysius's
               bounty
               ;
               and
               that
               being
               there
               despis'd
               by
               Plato
               ,
               but
               recommended
               to
               the
               Tyrant
               by
               Aristippus
               ,
               he
               produc'd
               his
               Dialogues
               ,
               and
               was
               liberally
               rewarded
               by
               the
               generous
               Sicilian
               .
               From
               thence
               he
               return'd
               back
               with
               his
               Presents
               to
               Athens
               ,
               but
               durst
               not
               spread
               his
               Philosophy
               ,
               by
               
               reason
               of
               the
               high
               esteem
               which
               the
               Athenians
               had
               of
               Plato
               and
               Aristippus
               .
               Thereupon
               he
               gave
               money
               to
               certain
               persons
               to
               come
               to
               him
               and
               be
               his
               Hearers
               ;
               and
               undertook
               to
               Plead
               at
               the
               Bar
               ,
               for
               such
               as
               would
               fee
               him
               in
               their
               Causes
               .
               Which
               occasion'd
               that
               Sarcasm
               of
               Timon
               upon
               him
               .
               
                 
                   —
                   And
                   more
                   officious
                   to
                   indite
                   ,
                
                 
                   Than
                   ever
                   needy
                   Aeschines
                   to
                   write
                   .
                
              
            
             
               And
               it
               is
               reported
               ,
               that
               in
               the
               extremity
               of
               his
               Poverty
               ,
               Socrates
               merrily
               advis'd
               him
               to
               demand
               interest
               of
               himself
               for
               the
               Victuals
               he
               ow'd
               his
               Belly
               .
            
             
               Neither
               had
               Aristippus
               a
               good
               opinion
               of
               his
               Dialogues
               ;
               for
               as
               he
               was
               reading
               'em
               at
               Megara
               ,
               he
               cry'd
               out
               in
               a
               kind
               of
               a
               Passion
               ,
               
                 Cursed
                 Rogue
                 ,
                 what
                 put
                 thee
                 into
                 this
                 humour
                 ?
              
            
             
               Polycritus
               the
               Mendesian
               ,
               in
               his
               first
               Book
               of
               the
               Acts
               of
               Dionysius
               ,
               affirms
               ,
               that
               he
               liv'd
               with
               the
               Tyrant
               ,
               till
               he
               was
               expell'd
               his
               Country
               ,
               and
               till
               the
               return
               of
               Dion
               to
               Syracuse
               ;
               adding
               also
               that
               Carcinus
               the
               Comoedian
               was
               his
               associate
               all
               the
               time
               ;
               and
               there
               is
               also
               extant
               an
               Epistle
               of
               his
               to
               Dionysius
               .
            
             
               However
               it
               were
               ,
               most
               certain
               it
               is
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               an
               exact
               and
               exquisite
               Orator
               ,
               as
               
               appears
               by
               the
               Oration
               which
               he
               made
               in
               defence
               of
               the
               Father
               of
               Phaeax
               ,
               who
               was
               General
               of
               the
               Horse
               ;
               and
               for
               that
               he
               strove
               to
               imitate
               
                 Gorgias
                 Leontinus
              
               ,
               not
               without
               good
               Success
               .
               Nevertheless
               Lysias
               wrote
               an
               Oration
               against
               him
               ,
               which
               he
               entitl'd
               the
               Sycophant
               .
               Whence
               it
               is
               manifest
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               a
               great
               Orator
               :
               Though
               it
               seems
               it
               was
               his
               hap
               to
               have
               but
               one
               familiar
               Friend
               ,
               that
               we
               hear
               of
               ,
               whose
               name
               was
               Aristotle
               ,
               Surnam'd
               Mythus
               .
            
             
               Yet
               Panaetius
               could
               not
               be
               his
               Enemy
               ,
               for
               he
               is
               the
               only
               person
               of
               all
               the
               Socratics
               ,
               who
               will
               allow
               so
               much
               as
               those
               Dialogues
               to
               be
               Legitimate
               ,
               where
               the
               discourse
               is
               fram'd
               under
               the
               names
               of
               
                 Plato
                 ,
                 Xenophon
                 ,
                 Antisthenes
              
               ,
               and
               Aeschines
               ;
               but
               very
               much
               questions
               those
               that
               go
               under
               the
               names
               of
               Phaedo
               ,
               and
               Euclid
               ;
               and
               for
               all
               the
               rest
               ,
               he
               utterly
               rejects
               '
               em
               .
            
             
               Of
               this
               name
               there
               were
               eight
               in
               all
               :
               The
               first
               himself
               :
               Another
               ,
               who
               wrote
               the
               
                 Art
                 of
                 Rhetoric
              
               :
               The
               third
               an
               Orator
               ,
               that
               oppos'd
               Demosthenes
               :
               The
               fourth
               an
               Arcadian
               ,
               and
               Disciple
               of
               Isocrates
               :
               The
               fifth
               ,
               a
               Mitylenaean
               ,
               who
               was
               call'd
               the
               
                 Scourge
                 of
                 Orators
              
               :
               The
               sixth
               ,
               a
               Neapolitan
               ,
               an
               Academic
               Philosopher
               ;
               and
               both
               the
               Scholar
               ,
               and
               Male-Delight
               of
               Melanthus
               the
               Rhodian
               .
               The
               seventh
               ,
               a
               
               Milesian
               ,
               and
               writer
               of
               Politicks
               :
               The
               eighth
               ,
               a
               Statuary
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               ARISTIPPVS
               .
            
             
               ARistippus
               was
               by
               Birth
               a
               Cyrenaean
               ,
               but
               came
               to
               Athens
               ,
               drawn
               thither
               by
               the
               far-spread
               Fame
               of
               Socrates
               ,
               as
               Aeschines
               relates
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               the
               first
               of
               all
               the
               Socratics
               ,
               who
               setting
               up
               a
               Rhetoric-School
               ,
               demanded
               money
               from
               his
               Scholars
               ,
               of
               which
               he
               sent
               a
               part
               to
               his
               Master
               .
               But
               the
               first
               Present
               he
               made
               him
               ,
               his
               Master
               refus'd
               it
               ,
               with
               this
               Expression
               ,
               That
               
                 Socratés's
                 Daemon
              
               would
               not
               permit
               him
               to
               take
               it
               .
               This
               mercenary
               humour
               of
               his
               displeas'd
               Socrates
               .
               Nor
               could
               Xenophon
               brook
               it
               ,
               who
               for
               that
               reason
               wrote
               〈…〉
               Treatise
               against
               Pleasure
               ,
               in
               opposition
               to
               Aristippus
               ,
               and
               maintains
               the
               Dispute
               in
               the
               person
               of
               Socrates
               .
               And
               not
               only
               so
               ,
               but
               Theodorus
               in
               his
               Treatise
               of
               Sects
               ,
               calls
               him
               a
               hundred
               Knaves
               and
               Fools
               ,
               nor
               i●
               Plato
               more
               kind
               to
               him
               in
               his
               Book
               of
               the
               Soul.
               
            
             
             
               However
               he
               was
               a
               person
               of
               a
               soft
               temper
               ,
               and
               could
               comply
               with
               all
               Places
               ,
               Times
               ,
               and
               Persons
               ,
               as
               one
               that
               understood
               the
               whole
               Art
               of
               Complacency
               .
               And
               therefore
               he
               liv'd
               in
               greater
               reputation
               with
               Dionysius
               than
               all
               the
               rest
               ,
               as
               being
               one
               that
               knew
               how
               to
               demean
               himself
               ,
               whatever
               happen'd
               .
               For
               as
               he
               gladly
               reap'd
               the
               pleasures
               of
               present
               enjoyments
               ,
               so
               never
               was
               he
               greedily
               sollicitous
               after
               absent
               delights
               .
               For
               which
               reason
               Diogenes
               call'd
               him
               a
               
                 Curr
                 for
                 a
                 King.
              
               And
               Timon
               censures
               him
               for
               his
               Effeminacy
               in
               these
               lines
               .
               
                 
                   Then
                   Aristippus
                   far
                   more
                   Coy
                   and
                   Nice
                   ,
                
                 
                   Who
                   Vertue
                   by
                   the
                   touch
                   could
                   feel
                   from
                   Vice.
                   
                
              
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               ,
               That
               he
               order'd
               fifty
               Drachma's
               to
               be
               given
               for
               a
               Partridge
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               a
               certain
               Person
               reproving
               his
               Prodigality
               ,
               Why
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 would'st
                 not
                 thou
                 have
                 bought
                 the
                 Fowl
                 ,
                 could'st
                 thou
                 have
                 had
                 it
                 for
                 a
                 Farthing
                 ?
              
               To
               which
               the
               other
               assenting
               :
               
                 Well
                 then
              
               ,
               added
               he
               ,
               
                 fifty
                 Drachma's
                 are
                 no
                 more
                 to
                 me
                 than
                 thy
                 Farthing
                 .
              
               Another
               time
               Dionysius
               giving
               him
               his
               choice
               of
               three
               handsom
               Curtezans
               ,
               he
               led
               away
               with
               him
               all
               the
               three
               ,
               saying
               as
               he
               went
               off
               ,
               
                 That
                 the
                 Ruin
                 of
              
               Paris
               
                 was
                 his
                 preferring
                 one
                 before
                 another
              
               ;
               and
               
               then
               handing
               'em
               to
               the
               Door
               ,
               dismiss'd
               'em
               all
               together
               .
               To
               shew
               that
               he
               could
               either
               enjoy
               ,
               or
               scorn
               ,
               with
               the
               same
               indifferency
               ;
               which
               was
               the
               reason
               ,
               that
               Strato
               ,
               or
               as
               others
               say
               ,
               Plato
               told
               him
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               the
               only
               person
               that
               car'd
               not
               whether
               he
               went
               in
               Purple
               or
               in
               Tatters
               .
               Another
               time
               the
               Tyrant
               spitting
               in
               his
               Face
               ,
               he
               took
               it
               patiently
               .
               For
               which
               ,
               when
               another
               reprov'd
               him
               ,
               
                 The
                 Fisher-men
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 will
                 endure
                 to
                 be
                 wash'd
                 by
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 in
                 hopes
                 to
                 take
                 a
                 Sturgeon
                 ,
                 and
                 shall
                 not
                 I
                 endure
                 to
                 be
                 sprinkl'd
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 Wine
                 ,
                 to
                 catch
                 a
                 Fool
                 ?
              
            
             
               Another
               time
               ,
               Diogenes
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               washing
               of
               a
               few
               Pot-herbs
               ,
               joqu'd
               upon
               him
               ,
               and
               told
               him
               ,
               That
               if
               he
               had
               but
               learn'd
               to
               dress
               such
               a
               Dish
               as
               That
               ,
               he
               never
               needed
               to
               have
               held
               a
               Trencher
               to
               a
               Tyrant
               :
               To
               whom
               ,
               
                 Nor
                 thou
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 hadst
                 thou
                 known
                 how
                 to
                 converse
                 with
                 Men
                 ,
                 had'st
                 ever
                 been
                 necessitated
                 to
                 wash
                 Pot-herbs
                 .
              
            
             
               To
               one
               that
               ask'd
               him
               ,
               what
               he
               had
               gain'd
               by
               Philosophy
               ?
               He
               reply'd
               ,
               
                 A
                 confidence
                 to
                 discourse
                 with
                 any
                 Man.
              
               Being
               upbraided
               with
               his
               expensive
               way
               of
               living
               :
               Certainly
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 if
                 this
                 were
                 such
                 a
                 hainous
                 thing
                 ,
                 the
                 Gods
                 would
                 never
                 be
                 so
                 lavish
                 at
                 their
                 Banquets
                 .
              
            
             
             
               To
               one
               that
               ask'd
               him
               ,
               wherein
               the
               Philosophers
               excell'd
               others
               ?
               He
               reply'd
               ,
               
                 In
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 live
                 uprightly
                 and
                 justly
                 ,
                 were
                 there
                 no
                 Laws
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
            
             
               To
               Dionysius
               who
               ask'd
               him
               ,
               why
               Philosophers
               haunted
               the
               Tables
               of
               rich
               Men
               ,
               Because
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 they
                 know
                 their
                 own
                 necessities
                 better
                 than
                 the
                 others
                 do
                 .
              
            
             
               To
               one
               that
               ask'd
               him
               ,
               what
               was
               the
               difference
               between
               the
               Learned
               and
               the
               Ignorant
               ,
               he
               made
               answer
               ,
               
                 The
                 same
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 between
                 a
                 wild
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 that
                 is
                 brok'n
                 .
              
            
             
               Entring
               one
               time
               into
               a
               Curtizan's
               Lodging
               ,
               and
               perceiving
               one
               of
               the
               young
               Men
               that
               were
               with
               him
               to
               be
               asham'd
               ,
               
                 Ne'er
                 blush
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 the
                 shame
                 does
                 not
                 lye
                 in
                 going
                 in
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 get
                 out
                 again
                 .
              
            
             
               To
               one
               that
               proposed
               a
               hard
               question
               to
               him
               ,
               and
               cry'd
               ;
               Unfold
               me
               this
               Riddle
               ,
               Fool
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 wherefore
                 dost
                 thou
                 desire
                 us
                 to
                 unfold
                 that
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 words
                 themselves
                 present
                 us
                 so
                 mysteriously
                 wrapt
                 up
                 ?
              
            
             
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               't
               was
               better
               to
               be
               a
               Beggar
               than
               Illiterate
               .
               For
               the
               one
               wanted
               nothing
               but
               Money
               ,
               the
               other
               Humanity
               .
            
             
               Another
               time
               being
               scurrilously
               rail'd
               at
               ,
               he
               left
               the
               Room
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               ,
               the
               other
               pursuing
               him
               ,
               and
               asking
               why
               he
               
               made
               such
               hast
               to
               be
               gone
               ?
               Because
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 thou
                 hast
                 got
                 a
                 Patent
                 for
                 railing
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 have
                 no
                 Patent
                 to
                 hear
                 thee
                 .
              
            
             
               To
               one
               that
               was
               offended
               at
               the
               Philosophers
               ,
               for
               frequenting
               the
               Houses
               of
               the
               Wealthy
               ;
               Why
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 the
                 Physicians
                 frequent
                 the
                 Chambers
                 of
                 the
                 Sick
                 ;
                 yet
                 that
                 is
                 no
                 reason
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Man
                 should
                 rather
                 chuse
                 to
                 lye
                 sick
                 ,
                 than
                 be
                 cured
                 .
              
            
             
               As
               he
               was
               going
               to
               Corinth
               by
               Sea
               ,
               a
               sudden
               Tempest
               put
               him
               into
               some
               disorder
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               ,
               to
               one
               that
               insulted
               over
               his
               fears
               ,
               and
               cry'd
               ,
               We
               illiterate
               People
               fear
               nothing
               ,
               what
               are
               you
               Philosophers
               afraid
               of
               ?
               
                 O
                 friends
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 we
                 are
                 not
                 both
                 alike
                 concern'd
                 for
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Soul.
                 
              
            
             
               To
               one
               that
               boasted
               of
               his
               great
               reading
               ,
               
                 As
                 they
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 who
                 feed
                 and
                 Exercise
                 most
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 always
                 more
                 healthy
                 ,
                 than
                 they
                 who
                 only
                 eat
                 and
                 exercise
                 to
                 supply
                 Nature
                 ;
                 so
                 neither
                 they
                 who
                 read
                 much
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 who
                 read
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 is
                 useful
                 and
                 beneficial
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 Learned
                 .
              
            
             
               To
               his
               Lawyer
               ,
               who
               having
               pleaded
               his
               cause
               ,
               and
               got
               the
               day
               ,
               ask'd
               him
               ,
               What
               good
               Socrates
               had
               done
               him
               ?
               
                 Very
                 much
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 For
                 he
                 made
                 all
                 thy
                 words
                 good
                 ,
                 that
                 thou
                 hast
                 spok'n
                 in
                 my
                 behalf
                 .
              
            
             
               His
               Daughter
               Arete
               ,
               among
               all
               the
               wholsome
               instructions
               that
               he
               gave
               her
               ,
               
               he
               chiefly
               admonish'd
               to
               contemn
               superfluity
               .
            
             
               To
               one
               who
               ask'd
               him
               ,
               what
               his
               Son
               would
               be
               the
               better
               ,
               by
               being
               a
               Scholar
               ?
               
                 If
                 for
                 nothing
                 else
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 yet
                 for
                 this
                 alone
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 comes
                 into
                 the
                 Theatre
                 ,
                 one
                 Stone
                 will
                 not
                 sit
                 upon
                 another
                 .
              
            
             
               When
               a
               certain
               Person
               recommended
               his
               Son
               to
               him
               ,
               he
               demanded
               five
               hundred
               Drachmas
               :
               To
               which
               when
               the
               Father
               reply'd
               ,
               that
               he
               could
               buy
               a
               Slave
               for
               so
               much
               money
               —
               
                 Do
                 so
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 and
                 then
                 thou
                 wilt
                 be
                 Master
                 of
                 a
                 Couple
              
               —
            
             
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               That
               he
               took
               money
               of
               his
               friends
               ,
               not
               so
               much
               for
               his
               own
               use
               ,
               as
               that
               they
               might
               know
               what
               money
               was
               good
               for
               ,
               and
               how
               to
               bestow
               it
               .
            
             
               Being
               upbraided
               another
               time
               ,
               for
               that
               having
               a
               Suit
               of
               Law
               depending
               ,
               he
               fee'd
               a
               Lawyer
               to
               plead
               for
               him
               ;
               
                 Just
                 so
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 when
                 I
                 have
                 a
                 great
                 Supper
                 to
                 make
                 ,
                 I
                 always
                 hire
                 a
                 Cook.
                 
              
            
             
               Another
               time
               being
               commanded
               by
               Dionysius
               to
               discourse
               upon
               a
               Point
               of
               Philosophy
               ,
               
                 'T
                 is
                 irrational
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 that
                 thou
                 as
                 a
                 learner
                 ,
                 shouldst
                 desire
                 me
                 to
                 speak
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 teach
                 me
                 when
                 I
                 should
                 speak
                 :
              
               At
               which
               when
               Dionysius
               was
               offended
               ,
               and
               commanded
               him
               to
               the
               lower
               end
               of
               the
               Table
               ,
               
                 I
                 perceive
                 thy
                 design
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 a
                 Plate
                 of
                 Honour
                 .
              
            
             
             
               To
               one
               that
               extoll'd
               himself
               to
               the
               Skies
               for
               his
               excellent
               skill
               and
               activity
               in
               swimming
               ,
               
                 Art
                 not
                 asham'd
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 to
                 boast
                 of
                 that
                 ,
                 which
                 every
              
               Dolphin
               
                 can
                 better
                 do
              
               ?
            
             
               To
               one
               that
               put
               the
               question
               ,
               wherein
               a
               Wise
               Man
               differ'd
               from
               a
               Fool
               ?
               
                 Send
                 both
                 together
                 naked
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 acquainted
                 with
                 neither
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 thou
                 shalt
                 know
                 .
              
            
             
               To
               one
               that
               boasted
               his
               ability
               to
               drink
               ,
               and
               yet
               never
               be
               drunk
               ,
               
                 T
                 is
                 no
                 more
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 than
                 a
                 Mule
                 can
                 do
              
               .
            
             
               To
               one
               that
               reproved
               him
               for
               living
               with
               a
               Curtizan
               ,
               Why
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 is
                 it
                 not
                 better
                 to
                 live
                 in
                 a
                 House
                 where
                 many
                 have
                 dwelt
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 one
                 that
                 was
                 never
                 before
                 inhabited
                 ?
              
               Which
               the
               other
               affirming
               ;
               
                 And
                 is
                 it
                 not
                 safer
                 to
                 venture
                 in
                 a
                 Ship
                 where
                 thousands
                 have
                 sail'd
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 one
                 that
                 never
                 was
                 at
                 Sea
                 before
                 ?
              
               To
               which
               when
               the
               other
               reply'd
               ,
               
                 Yes
                 :
                 Very
                 good
                 then
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 why
                 should
                 it
                 not
                 be
                 more
                 convenient
                 to
                 live
                 with
                 a
                 Woman
                 that
                 many
                 Men
                 have
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 ,
                 than
                 with
                 one
                 that
                 never
                 was
                 try'd
                 i'th
                 is
                 World
                 ?
              
            
             
               To
               one
               that
               reprov'd
               him
               ,
               for
               that
               being
               a
               Scholar
               of
               Socrates
               ,
               he
               took
               money
               :
               
                 So
                 much
                 the
                 rather
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               for
               Socrates
               ,
               
                 when
                 they
                 sent
                 him
                 Provision
                 and
                 Wine
                 ,
                 took
                 what
                 he
                 wanted
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 the
                 rest
                 ;
                 and
                 
                 good
                 reason
                 why
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 chiefest
                 of
                 the
              
               Athenians
               
                 were
                 his
                 Stewards
                 ;
                 but
                 I
                 have
                 none
                 but
              
               Eutichides
               ,
               
                 a
                 Servant
                 bought
                 with
                 my
                 money
                 .
              
            
             
               He
               frequented
               the
               company
               of
               Lais
               ,
               the
               famous
               Curtizan
               ,
               as
               Sotio
               relates
               ,
               in
               his
               Second
               Book
               of
               the
               
                 Successions
                 of
                 the
                 Philosophers
              
               .
               For
               which
               being
               reproved
               by
               several
               :
               
                 'T
                 is
                 very
                 true
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 enjoy
              
               Lais
               ,
               
                 but
                 she
                 does
                 not
                 enjoy
                 me
                 .
                 For
                 Pleasure
                 ,
              
               added
               he
               ,
               
                 is
                 no
                 Crime
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Crime
                 is
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 Man
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Slave
                 to
                 his
                 Pleasures
                 .
              
            
             
               To
               one
               that
               tax'd
               him
               for
               his
               costly
               and
               voluptuous
               feeding
               ,
               
                 I
                 warrant
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 thou
                 wouldst
                 not
                 have
                 bestowed
                 three
                 farthings
                 upon
                 such
                 a
                 Dinner
                 :
              
               Which
               the
               other
               confessing
               ;
               
                 Why
                 then
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 find
                 my self
                 less
                 indulgent
                 to
                 my
                 Palate
                 ,
                 than
                 thou
                 art
                 to
                 thy
                 covetous
                 humour
                 .
              
               Or
               thus
               ,
               
                 Why
                 then
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 find
                 that
                 I
                 love
                 my
                 Belly
                 ,
                 and
                 thou
                 lov'st
                 thy
                 money
                 .
              
            
             
               When
               Simus
               ,
               Treasurer
               to
               Dionysius
               ,
               shewed
               him
               his
               House
               sumptuously
               furnished
               ,
               and
               paved
               with
               costly
               Marble
               (
               for
               he
               was
               a
               Phrygian
               ,
               and
               consequently
               profuse
               )
               after
               he
               had
               hawk'd
               up
               a
               sufficient
               Morsel
               ,
               he
               spit
               full
               in
               the
               Treasurer's
               Face
               ,
               at
               which
               ,
               when
               the
               other
               began
               to
               be
               in
               Wrath
               ,
               
                 Why
                 truly
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 could
                 not
                 find
                 a
                 fitter
                 place
                 .
              
            
             
             
               To
               Charonidas
               ,
               or
               as
               others
               say
               ,
               to
               Phado
               ,
               who
               asked
               him
               who
               it
               was
               that
               was
               so
               bedawb'd
               with
               pretious
               Ointments
               ?
               
                 Ee'n
                 unhappy
                 am
                 I
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 and
                 the
              
               Persian
               
                 King
                 ,
                 more
                 miserable
                 than
                 my self
                 .
                 But
                 prethee
                 take
                 Care
                 ,
              
               proceeded
               he
               ,
               
                 since
                 ●●
                 other
                 Creature
                 loses
                 by
                 this
                 ,
                 lest
                 any
                 Man
                 be
                 the
                 worse
                 for
                 it
                 .
                 Shame
                 take
                 take
                 those
                 Cursed
              
               Ganymeds
               ,
               
                 that
                 grudge
                 us
                 a
                 little
                 sweet
                 Ointment
                 .
              
            
             
               To
               Plato
               that
               reproved
               him
               for
               his
               Prodigal
               manner
               of
               Living
               .
               Why
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 Does
                 it
                 not
                 shew
              
               Dionysius
               
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 very
                 good
                 Man
                 ?
              
               Which
               the
               other
               acknowledging
               ,
               
                 And
                 yet
              
               ,
               replied
               
                 Aristippus
                 ,
                 he
                 lives
                 far
                 more
                 profusely
                 than
                 I
                 do
                 .
              
            
             
               Being
               asked
               how
               Socrates
               died
               ?
               
                 I
                 wish
              
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 that
                 I
                 may
                 but
                 dye
                 as
                 he
                 did
                 .
              
            
             
               It
               happened
               one
               time
               ,
               that
               Polyxenus
               came
               to
               give
               him
               a
               Visit
               ,
               but
               seeing
               a
               Company
               of
               Ladies
               richly
               drest
               ,
               and
               great
               preparations
               for
               a
               Banquet
               ,
               he
               began
               a
               long
               Sermon
               against
               Luxury
               ;
               which
               when
               Aristippus
               had
               patiently
               listned
               to
               for
               some
               time
               ,
               
                 D'
                 ye
                 hear
                 me
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 will
                 you
                 stay
                 and
                 Dine
                 with
                 me
                 today
                 ?
              
               To
               which
               ,
               when
               the
               other
               agreed
               ,
               
                 Why
                 then
                 so
                 angry
              
               ,
               said
               he
               .
               
                 For
                 now
                 I
                 perceive
                 you
                 do
                 not
                 find
                 fault
                 with
                 the
                 delicacy
                 of
                 the
                 Viands
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 the
                 Cost
                 .
              
            
             
               Another
               time
               ,
               his
               Servant
               carrying
               after
               
               him
               a
               great
               weight
               of
               Money
               ,
               and
               ready
               to
               sink
               upon
               the
               Road
               ,
               under
               his
               Burthen
               ,
               he
               bid
               him
               pour
               out
               the
               overplus
               i'
               th
               high-way
               ,
               and
               carry
               as
               much
               as
               he
               could
               .
            
             
               Having
               taken
               Shipping
               in
               a
               Vessell
               ,
               which
               when
               he
               was
               out
               at
               Sea
               ,
               he
               understood
               to
               be
               Man'd
               with
               Pirates
               ,
               he
               pull'd
               out
               his
               money
               ,
               and
               after
               he
               had
               told
               it
               before
               their
               Faces
               ,
               let
               it
               drop
               into
               the
               Water
               ,
               and
               then
               ,
               as
               if
               he
               had
               done
               it
               against
               his
               will
               ,
               fell
               into
               a
               strange
               Agony
               of
               grief
               for
               his
               loss
               .
               Some
               report
               ,
               that
               he
               should
               use
               these
               expressions
               at
               the
               same
               time
               :
               
                 Better
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 should
                 be
                 thrown
                 away
              
               by
               Aristippus
               ,
               
                 than
                 that
              
               Aristippus
               
                 should
                 perish
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 his
                 money
                 .
              
            
             
               To
               Dionysius
               demanding
               of
               him
               ,
               wherefore
               he
               came
               thither
               ?
               
                 To
                 give
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 what
                 I
                 have
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 receive
                 what
                 I
                 have
                 not
                 .
              
               Though
               others
               report
               his
               answer
               to
               be
               thus
               .
               
                 When
                 I
                 wanted
                 wisdom
                 I
                 went
                 to
              
               Socrates
               ,
               
                 but
                 now
                 wanting
                 money
                 I
                 come
                 to
                 thee
                 .
              
            
             
               He
               condemn'd
               Mankind
               for
               prying
               and
               searching
               ,
               and
               viewing
               the
               Vessels
               and
               Pots
               which
               they
               bought
               in
               the
               Market
               ,
               but
               never
               making
               any
               Inspection
               into
               their
               Lives
               and
               Conversations
               :
               Which
               others
               attribute
               to
               Diogenes
               .
            
             
             
               It
               is
               reported
               that
               at
               another
               time
               ,
               when
               Dionysius
               after
               a
               great
               Feast
               commanded
               all
               his
               Guests
               to
               dance
               in
               the
               Womens
               Purple
               Habits
               ,
               and
               Plato
               refus'd
               the
               command
               ,
               reciting
               these
               Lines
               ,
               
                 
                   I
                   cannot
                   in
                   Effeminate
                   array
                   ,
                
                 
                   Disgrace
                   my
                   Manhood
                   ,
                   nor
                   my
                   Sex
                   betray
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Aristippus
               putting
               on
               the
               Garment
               allotted
               for
               him
               ,
               and
               going
               to
               dance
               ,
               on
               a
               sudden
               made
               this
               Repartee
               .
               
                 
                   At
                   Bacchanalian
                   Feasts
                   ,
                   where
                   mirth
                   is
                   free
                   ,
                
                 
                   A
                   sober
                   mind
                   could
                   ne'er
                   corrupted
                   be
                   .
                
              
            
             
               At
               another
               time
               ,
               interceding
               to
               Dionysius
               in
               the
               behalf
               of
               a
               Friend
               ,
               but
               not
               prevailing
               ,
               he
               fell
               at
               his
               feet
               :
               For
               which
               being
               reprov'd
               ,
               '
               
                 T
                 was
                 not
                 I
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 was
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 that
                 submission
                 ,
                 but
              
               Dionysius
               .
            
             
               Sojourning
               in
               Asia
               ,
               he
               was
               taken
               Prisoner
               by
               Artaphernes
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               a
               certain
               person
               coming
               to
               him
               ,
               and
               asking
               him
               ,
               
                 How
                 ,
                 d'
                 yee
                 find
                 your
                 confidence
                 now
                 ?
                 Fool
                 ,
              
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 when
                 had
                 I
                 more
                 occasion
                 to
                 be
                 confident
                 than
                 now
                 that
                 I
                 am
                 to
                 discourse
                 with
              
               Artaphernes
               ?
            
             
               Those
               that
               had
               had
               a
               generous
               Education
               ,
               and
               neglected
               the
               study
               of
               Philosophy
               ,
               he
               compar'd
               to
               
               Penelope'●
               Suitors
               .
               
               For
               they
               ,
               though
               they
               might
               have
               free
               liberty
               to
               court
               
                 Melantho
                 ,
                 Polydora
              
               ,
               and
               the
               rest
               of
               her
               Wairing-Gentlewomen
               ,
               yet
               they
               could
               never
               hope
               to
               marry
               the
               Mistress
               .
               Something
               like
               to
               this
               ,
               Aristo
               is
               reported
               to
               have
               spok'n
               .
               For
               Vlysses
               descending
               into
               Hell
               ,
               is
               said
               to
               have
               seen
               almost
               all
               the
               Dead
               ,
               and
               to
               have
               discoursed
               with
               several
               ,
               but
               the
               Queen
               her self
               he
               could
               never
               see
               ?
            
             
               Moreover
               ,
               the
               question
               being
               put
               to
               Aristippus
               ,
               what
               those
               things
               were
               which
               Children
               generously
               Educated
               ought
               chiefly
               to
               learn
               ?
               He
               made
               answer
               ,
               
                 All
                 those
                 things
                 ,
                 which
                 might
                 be
                 useful
                 to
                 'em
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 Men.
                 
              
            
             
               To
               one
               that
               upbraided
               him
               for
               going
               from
               Socrates
               to
               
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 No
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 went
                 to
              
               Socrates
               ,
               
                 wanting
                 serious
                 Education
                 ;
                 to
              
               Dionysius
               
                 for
                 Pastime
                 and
                 Recreation
              
               .
            
             
               When
               Socrates
               ask'd
               him
               ,
               being
               then
               flush
               of
               money
               ,
               
                 How
                 cam'st
                 thou
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 rich
                 ?
              
               He
               reply'd
               ,
               
                 How
                 cam'st
                 thou
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 poor
                 ?
              
            
             
               To
               a
               Curtizan
               that
               told
               him
               ,
               she
               was
               with
               Child
               by
               him
               ,
               
                 Thou
                 can'st
                 no
                 more
                 tell
                 that
                 ,
              
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 than
                 if
                 thou
                 shoul'dst
                 say
                 ,
                 such
                 a
                 Thorn
                 pricks
                 me
                 ,
                 walking
                 through
                 a
                 field
                 of
                 Brambles
                 .
              
            
             
               To
               a
               certain
               Person
               that
               reprov'd
               him
               for
               not
               owning
               his
               Son
               ,
               as
               if
               none
               of
               his
               
               begetting
               :
               
                 We
                 know
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 that
                 Flegm
                 and
                 Lice
                 are
                 generated
                 in
                 our
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 useless
                 ,
                 we
                 dispose
                 of
                 both
                 as
                 far
                 from
                 ut
                 as
                 we
                 can
                 .
              
            
             
               Having
               receiv'd
               money
               of
               Dionysius
               ,
               at
               the
               same
               time
               that
               Plato
               accepted
               a
               Book
               only
               ,
               and
               being
               tax'd
               for
               it
               ,
               
                 The
                 reason
                 's
                 plain
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 want
                 money
                 ,
                 and
              
               Plato
               
                 wants
                 Books
              
               .
            
             
               Being
               ask'd
               ,
               wherefore
               Dionysius
               was
               angry
               with
               him
               ?
               
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 reason
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 that
                 other
                 Men
                 are
                 angry
              
               .
            
             
               Having
               made
               his
               application
               to
               Dionysius
               for
               money
               ,
               and
               the
               Tyrant
               seeming
               to
               wonder
               ,
               in
               regard
               he
               had
               so
               often
               told
               him
               ,
               a
               Wise
               Man
               could
               never
               want
               ,
               
                 Oh
                 Sir
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 grant
                 me
                 my
                 suit
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 us
                 dispute
                 of
                 those
                 things
                 afterwards
                 :
              
               But
               then
               the
               King
               satisfying
               his
               desires
               :
               Now
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 thou
                 see'st
                 a
                 Wise
                 Man
                 does
                 not
                 want
                 .
              
            
             
               Another
               time
               ,
               Dionysius
               reciting
               these
               Verses
               to
               him
               ,
               
                 
                   He
                   that
                   with
                   Tyrants
                   seeks
                   for
                   bare
                   support
                   ,
                
                 
                   Enslaves
                   himself
                   ,
                   though
                   free
                   he
                   came
                   to
                   Court.
                   
                
              
            
             
               He
               presently
               reply'd
               ,
               
                 He
                 is
                 no
                 Slave
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 be
                 free
                 to
                 come
                 .
              
               This
               Diocles
               relates
               in
               his
               
                 Lives
                 of
                 the
                 Philosophers
              
               ,
               though
               others
               ascribe
               the
               saying
               to
               Plato
               .
            
             
             
               Being
               offended
               with
               Aeschines
               ,
               in
               a
               short
               time
               ,
               
                 Shall
                 we
                 not
                 be
                 Friends
              
               ?
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 shall
                 we
                 never
                 cease
                 Fooling
                 ?
                 But
                 stay
                 ,
                 till
                 we
                 become
                 the
                 talk
                 of
                 Scullions
                 in
                 their
                 Cups
                 .
              
               To
               which
               when
               the
               other
               answered
               ,
               
                 Most
                 willingly
                 :
                 Remember
                 then
              
               ,
               said
               
                 Aristippus
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 being
                 the
                 Elder
                 Person
                 ,
                 made
                 the
                 first
                 Motion
                 .
              
               Then
               
                 Aeschines
                 ,
                 Very
                 right
                 by
              
               Juno
               ;
               I
               must
               acknowledge
               thee
               to
               be
               much
               better
               natur'd
               than
               I
               am
               ;
               for
               I
               am
               the
               Prince
               of
               Enmity
               ,
               thou
               of
               Friendship
               .
               And
               this
               is
               that
               which
               is
               reported
               of
               him
               most
               remarkable
               .
            
             
               Besides
               himself
               there
               were
               three
               more
               of
               the
               same
               name
               ;
               one
               that
               wrote
               the
               History
               of
               Arcadia
               ;
               another
               that
               was
               Grand-child
               to
               the
               first
               ,
               as
               being
               his
               Daughters
               Son
               ,
               and
               Sur-nam'd
               Metrodidactus
               ,
               because
               he
               had
               no
               other
               Learning
               but
               what
               his
               Mother
               taught
               him
               .
               And
               the
               last
               a
               Member
               of
               the
               
                 New
                 Academy
              
               .
            
             
               But
               as
               for
               the
               Cyrenaean
               Philosopher
               ,
               he
               is
               said
               to
               have
               compil'd
               several
               Treatises
               upon
               that
               subject
               :
               Three
               Books
               of
               the
               Lybian
               History
               ,
               which
               he
               dedicated
               to
               Dionysius
               .
               Twenty
               five
               Dialogues
               ,
               some
               in
               the
               Doric
               ,
               some
               in
               the
               Attic
               Dialect
               ,
               under
               these
               several
               Titles
               :
               
                 Artabazus
                 ;
                 To
                 the
                 Shipwrackt
              
               ;
               To
               the
               Fugitives
               ;
               To
               the
               Beggar
               ;
               To
               Lais
               ;
               To
               Porus
               ;
               To
               Lais
               cona●e●ing
               her
               Looking-Glass
               ;
               Hermias
               ;
               
               The
               Dream
               ;
               To
               the
               Yeoman
               of
               the
               Bottles
               ;
               Philomelus
               ;
               To
               his
               Servants
               ;
               To
               him
               that
               chid
               him
               for
               enjoying
               
                 Old
                 Wine
              
               and
               Harlots
               ;
               To
               them
               that
               found
               fault
               with
               his
               costly
               Fare
               :
               An
               Epistle
               to
               Arete
               his
               Daughter
               :
               To
               him
               that
               exercis'd
               himself
               at
               the
               
                 Olympic
                 Games
              
               ;
               A
               Question
               put
               ;
               Another
               Question
               put
               ;
               An
               Epistle
               entitl'd
               ,
               Chreia
               to
               Dionysius
               ;
               Another
               upon
               a
               Statue
               ;
               Another
               to
               
               Dionysius's
               Daughter
               ;
               To
               one
               who
               thought
               himself
               disgrac'd
               ;
               To
               one
               that
               endeavour'd
               to
               advise
               him
               .
               Some
               there
               are
               who
               assert
               that
               he
               wrote
               six
               Books
               of
               Disputations
               ;
               Others
               ,
               that
               he
               never
               wrote
               any
               thing
               at
               all
               ,
               of
               which
               number
               was
               Sosicrates
               the
               Rhodian
               .
               But
               Sotio
               ,
               and
               Panaetius
               allow
               him
               to
               have
               been
               the
               Author
               of
               the
               following
               Dialogues
               ,
               under
               the
               following
               Titles
               :
               
                 Concerning
                 Education
                 ;
                 Of
                 Vertue
                 ;
                 Exhortations
                 ;
                 Artabazus
                 ;
                 The
                 Shipwrackt
                 ;
                 The
                 Fugitives
                 ;
                 Six
                 Books
                 of
                 Disputations
                 ;
                 Three
                 Books
                 of
                 Proverbs
                 ;
                 To
              
               Lais
               ;
               To
               Porus
               ;
               To
               Socrates
               ;
               
                 Of
                 Fortune
              
               .
               And
               among
               other
               things
               he
               defin'd
               the
               End
               to
               be
               a
               soft
               Motion
               closing
               in
               Perceptibility
               .
            
             
               And
               now
               having
               thus
               given
               an
               account
               of
               his
               own
               Life
               ;
               let
               us
               briefly
               run
               over
               in
               their
               order
               the
               Cyrenaies
               that
               succeeded
               him
               ;
               of
               which
               some
               called
               themselves
               
               Hegesiacs
               ,
               others
               Anecerians
               ,
               and
               others
               Theodorians
               .
               And
               not
               only
               them
               ,
               but
               such
               as
               followed
               Phaedo
               ,
               of
               which
               the
               chiefest
               were
               called
               Eretrici
               .
               Now
               then
               let
               us
               number
               'em
               all
               in
               their
               order
               .
            
             
               The
               Hearers
               of
               Aristippus
               were
               Arete
               his
               Daughter
               ,
               Ptolomy
               the
               
                 Aethiopian
                 ,
                 Antipater
              
               the
               Cyrenean
               .
               Arete's
               Disciple
               was
               her
               Son
               Apristippus
               ,
               Sur-named
               Metrodidactus
               ;
               whose
               Scholar
               was
               Theodorus
               ,
               first
               Surnamed
               the
               Atheist
               ,
               then
               the
               Deist
               .
               Antipater's
               Disciple
               was
               Epitimedes
               the
               Cyrenean
               ;
               whose
               Hearer
               was
               Paraebates
               ;
               and
               his
               Disciple
               Hegesias
               ,
               Surnam'd
               Pisithanatus
               ,
               and
               Aniceris
               ,
               by
               whom
               Plato
               was
               redeem'd
               .
            
             
               Now
               they
               who
               embrace
               the
               Doctrine
               of
               Aristippus
               ,
               and
               are
               from
               him
               call'd
               Cyrenaics
               ,
               hold
               these
               following
               Opinions
               .
               In
               the
               first
               place
               they
               assert
               two
               perturbations
               of
               the
               Mind
               ,
               Pain
               and
               Pleasure
               ;
               the
               one
               a
               smooth
               ,
               the
               other
               a
               rough
               Motion
               .
               That
               there
               is
               no
               difference
               between
               Pleasure
               and
               Pleasure
               ;
               and
               that
               no
               Pleasure
               has
               any
               thing
               more
               peculiar
               to
               it
               than
               another
               ,
               as
               being
               that
               which
               all
               living
               Creatures
               desire
               :
               The
               other
               ,
               which
               is
               Pain
               ,
               they
               all
               endeavour
               to
               avoid
               .
               As
               for
               the
               pleasure
               of
               the
               Body
               ,
               which
               they
               assert
               to
               be
               a
               sort
               of
               End
               ,
               as
               Panaetius
               relates
               in
               his
               Treatise
               of
               the
               Sects
               ,
               they
               
               do
               not
               allow
               it
               to
               be
               that
               sedate
               Pleasure
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               privation
               of
               Pain
               ,
               and
               cessation
               of
               Trouble
               ,
               which
               Epicurus
               defends
               ,
               and
               maintains
               to
               be
               the
               End.
               For
               they
               hold
               that
               there
               is
               a
               difference
               between
               the
               End
               and
               Felicity
               :
               For
               the
               End
               is
               only
               pleasure
               in
               part
               ;
               but
               Felicity
               is
               a
               compos'd
               Body
               consisting
               of
               all
               the
               parts
               of
               Pleasure
               ,
               into
               which
               number
               are
               to
               be
               reckon'd
               both
               past
               and
               present
               ,
               Moreover
               that
               Pleasure
               in
               part
               is
               to
               be
               desir'd
               for
               it self
               ;
               happiness
               ,
               not
               for
               it self
               ,
               but
               for
               the
               sake
               of
               all
               the
               pleasures
               divided
               .
               Now
               for
               proof
               that
               the
               End
               is
               Pleasure
               ,
               we
               find
               our selves
               all
               accustomed
               to
               it
               from
               Children
               ,
               not
               of
               our
               own
               choice
               ,
               but
               by
               the
               Impulse
               of
               Nature
               ,
               and
               that
               when
               we
               enjoy
               it
               ,
               we
               seek
               nothing
               farther
               .
               On
               the
               other
               side
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               nothing
               which
               we
               seek
               more
               to
               avoid
               than
               its
               contrary
               ,
               Pain
               .
               Moreover
               that
               Pleasure
               is
               a
               Good
               ,
               though
               proceeding
               from
               the
               vilest
               Actions
               ,
               as
               Hipp●ba●us
               relates
               in
               his
               Treatise
               of
               Sects
               .
               For
               though
               the
               act
               be
               Evil
               ,
               yet
               the
               Pleasure
               that
               proceeds
               from
               it
               ,
               is
               desirable
               and
               good
               .
               But
               the
               removal
               of
               Pain
               ,
               is
               not
               by
               them
               ,
               as
               by
               Epicurus
               ,
               taken
               for
               Pleasure
               ;
               nor
               is
               the
               cessation
               of
               Pleasure
               by
               them
               accounted
               Pain
               ;
               for
               that
               both
               consist
               in
               Motion
               ;
               but
               neither
               cessation
               of
               Pain
               ,
               
               nor
               privation
               of
               Pleasure
               are
               Motions
               ;
               seeing
               that
               cessation
               of
               Pain
               ,
               is
               no
               more
               than
               as
               it
               were
               the
               condition
               of
               him
               that
               sleeps
               .
               Moreover
               they
               affirm
               that
               perverseness
               of
               Mind
               can
               make
               no
               choice
               of
               Pleasure
               ,
               nor
               do
               they
               believe
               that
               all
               the
               Pleasures
               and
               Pains
               of
               the
               Mind
               proceed
               from
               the
               Pains
               and
               Pleasures
               of
               the
               Body
               .
               For
               that
               in
               the
               Soul
               ,
               there
               is
               a
               joy
               for
               the
               Prosperity
               of
               our
               Country
               ,
               besides
               the
               pleasure
               we
               take
               in
               our
               own
               private
               happiness
               .
               Nor
               do
               they
               believe
               the
               remembrance
               of
               past
               ,
               or
               the
               expectance
               of
               future
               enjoyments
               to
               be
               Pleasure
               ,
               which
               was
               the
               Opinion
               of
               Epicurus
               :
               for
               time
               puts
               a
               stop
               to
               the
               motion
               of
               the
               Soul.
               Nor
               will
               they
               allow
               Pleasure
               to
               consist
               in
               seeing
               or
               hearing
               only
               :
               For
               we
               hear
               with
               delight
               those
               that
               feign
               a
               Lamentation
               ,
               but
               a
               real
               Mourning
               is
               displeasing
               to
               our
               Ears
               .
               Moreover
               they
               call
               the
               privation
               of
               Pain
               or
               Pleasure
               the
               
                 Middle
                 Condition
              
               between
               Both.
               However
               they
               hold
               the
               Pleasures
               of
               the
               Body
               far
               to
               excell
               those
               of
               the
               Mind
               ,
               and
               that
               therefore
               the
               pains
               of
               the
               Body
               are
               more
               grievous
               ;
               and
               whence
               it
               happens
               that
               offenders
               are
               more
               tormented
               with
               corporeal
               Punishment
               .
               For
               pain
               is
               more
               grievous
               to
               endure
               ,
               pleasure
               more
               familiar
               and
               grateful
               ;
               which
               was
               the
               reason
               that
               some
               took
               greater
               care
               of
               
               their
               Bodies
               than
               of
               their
               Souls
               .
               And
               therefore
               ,
               seeing
               pleasure
               is
               to
               be
               desir'd
               for
               the
               sake
               of
               this
               Pleasure
               ,
               the
               efficient
               causes
               of
               some
               pleasures
               many
               times
               are
               troublesome
               ;
               and
               a
               croud
               of
               pleasures
               becomes
               most
               irksome
               ,
               as
               not
               creating
               any
               true
               Felicity
               .
            
             
               They
               would
               not
               have
               a
               Wise
               Man
               to
               live
               always
               in
               pleasure
               ,
               nor
               a
               Fool
               alway●
               in
               pain
               ;
               but
               for
               the
               most
               part
               :
               And
               they
               think
               it
               sufficient
               for
               a
               Man
               to
               enjoy
               the
               satisfaction
               of
               one
               Pleasure
               at
               a
               time
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               Wisdom
               ,
               they
               hold
               it
               to
               be
               a
               Blessing
               ,
               but
               not
               to
               be
               desir'd
               of
               it self
               ,
               but
               for
               the
               sake
               of
               those
               things
               that
               proceed
               from
               it
               .
            
             
               That
               a
               Friend
               is
               to
               be
               loved
               for
               the
               use
               we
               make
               of
               him
               ,
               for
               that
               he
               is
               a
               part
               of
               the
               Body
               ,
               so
               long
               as
               he
               continues
               a
               Friend
               .
            
             
               That
               some
               Vertues
               are
               common
               to
               Fools
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               Wise
               Men.
               
            
             
               That
               Bodily
               exercise
               conduces
               to
               the
               attaining
               of
               Vertue
               .
            
             
               That
               a
               Wise
               Man
               will
               never
               give
               way
               to
               Envy
               ,
               Incontinency
               ,
               nor
               Superstition
               for
               they
               proceed
               from
               want
               of
               Judgment
               .
               But
               they
               allow
               him
               to
               grieve
               and
               fear
               ,
               as
               being
               natural
               to
               Mankind
               .
            
             
               That
               Wealth
               is
               an
               efficient
               cause
               of
               Pleasure
               ,
               but
               not
               to
               be
               desir'd
               for
               it self
               .
            
             
             
               That
               the
               affections
               were
               also
               to
               be
               included
               ,
               but
               they
               did
               not
               pretend
               to
               tell
               us
               from
               whence
               they
               proceeded
               .
            
             
               They
               made
               little
               inquiry
               into
               Natural
               Philosophy
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               its
               difficulty
               and
               obscurity
               :
               But
               for
               Logick
               they
               had
               a
               kindness
               ,
               as
               being
               so
               singularly
               useful
               .
               Yet
               Meleager
               in
               his
               Second
               Book
               of
               Opinions
               ,
               and
               Clitomachus
               in
               his
               First
               Book
               of
               Sects
               ,
               both
               deny
               that
               they
               minded
               ,
               at
               all
               ,
               either
               Natural
               Philosophy
               or
               Logic.
               For
               they
               thought
               that
               he
               who
               rightly
               understood
               the
               nature
               of
               Good
               and
               Evil
               ,
               might
               be
               able
               both
               to
               argue
               and
               speak
               well
               ;
               that
               he
               was
               out
               of
               the
               danger
               of
               superstition
               ,
               and
               had
               no
               reason
               to
               be
               afraid
               of
               Death
               .
            
             
               That
               there
               was
               nothing
               just
               ,
               honest
               ,
               or
               dishonest
               by
               Nature
               ;
               but
               only
               by
               Law
               and
               Custom
               .
               However
               a
               good
               Man
               forbears
               to
               act
               any
               thing
               absur'd
               or
               wicked
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               Censures
               of
               the
               World
               and
               Punishments
               to
               which
               Offenders
               are
               liable
               .
            
             
               That
               to
               be
               wise
               ,
               was
               to
               make
               a
               progress
               in
               Philosophy
               and
               other
               things
               ,
               wherein
               a
               Man
               was
               deficient
               before
               .
            
             
               They
               held
               that
               one
               Man
               was
               more
               affected
               with
               grief
               than
               another
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Senses
               did
               not
               always
               give
               true
               Information
               .
            
             
             
               They
               also
               ,
               that
               call'd
               themselves
               Hegesiacs
               ,
               had
               the
               same
               prospects
               of
               Pleasure
               and
               Pain
               .
               Besides
               they
               held
               ,
               that
               there
               was
               nothing
               of
               Kindness
               ,
               nothing
               of
               Friendship
               or
               Beneficence
               ;
               because
               they
               do
               not
               desire
               these
               things
               for
               their
               own
               ,
               but
               for
               the
               sake
               of
               benefit
               and
               necessity
               ;
               and
               for
               the
               sake
               of
               those
               occasions
               which
               give
               them
               Life
               and
               Being
               .
            
             
               That
               for
               a
               Man
               to
               enjoy
               a
               Life
               of
               perfect
               Felicity
               ,
               was
               absolutely
               impossible
               ;
               for
               that
               the
               Body
               was
               subject
               to
               a
               thousand
               Distempers
               ;
               and
               the
               Soul
               sympathiz'd
               with
               the
               Body
               ;
               besides
               that
               fortune
               frustrated
               our
               expectations
               in
               many
               things
               .
            
             
               That
               Life
               and
               Death
               were
               both
               to
               be
               desired
               ,
               and
               that
               nothing
               was
               either
               pleasant
               or
               unpleasant
               by
               Nature
               ;
               but
               that
               through
               Scarcity
               ,
               Novelty
               and
               Satiety
               ,
               some
               things
               were
               delightful
               ,
               others
               distastful
               .
            
             
               That
               Wealth
               and
               Poverty
               had
               no
               relation
               to
               Pleasure
               ;
               for
               that
               the
               Peasures
               of
               the
               Rich
               ,
               and
               the
               Pleasures
               of
               the
               Poor
               were
               still
               the
               same
               .
            
             
               That
               there
               was
               no
               difference
               between
               Servitude
               and
               Freedom
               ,
               Nobility
               and
               meanness
               of
               Extraction
               ,
               Honour
               and
               Dishonour
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               Standard
               of
               Pleasure
               .
               That
               it
               was
               expedient
               for
               a
               
               Fool
               to
               live
               ,
               but
               indifferent
               to
               a
               Wise
               Man.
               
            
             
               That
               a
               Wise
               Man
               in
               all
               his
               actions
               had
               a
               regard
               to
               himself
               ,
               not
               believing
               any
               other
               sort
               of
               Men
               to
               be
               his
               equals
               .
            
             
               They
               also
               deny'd
               the
               Senses
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               so
               uncertain
               in
               their
               Information
               ,
               and
               seem
               to
               act
               without
               any
               care
               or
               circumspection
               .
            
             
               They
               were
               of
               opinion
               ,
               That
               the
               Transgressions
               of
               Men
               were
               to
               be
               pardoned
               ,
               for
               that
               no
               Man
               committed
               a
               voluntary
               sin
               ,
               but
               by
               the
               Impulse
               of
               some
               natural
               passion
               or
               other
               .
            
             
               That
               it
               became
               Men
               to
               instruct
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               bear
               Enmity
               one
               to
               another
               .
               That
               a
               wise
               Man
               ought
               to
               be
               more
               sedulous
               in
               avoiding
               Evils
               ,
               than
               in
               the
               choice
               of
               delightful
               Enjoyments
               ;
               proposing
               to
               himself
               ,
               as
               his
               chiefest
               End
               ,
               to
               live
               a
               Life
               the
               freest
               that
               may
               be
               from
               Trouble
               and
               Pain
               :
               which
               happens
               to
               them
               who
               are
               not
               over
               eager
               in
               the
               Chace
               of
               Pleasure
               .
            
             
               The
               Annicerians
               in
               other
               things
               differ
               nothing
               from
               the
               former
               .
               Only
               they
               uphold
               Friendship
               ,
               Benevolence
               and
               Affection
               towards
               Parents
               ,
               and
               acting
               bravely
               for
               the
               honour
               of
               our
               Country
               .
               In
               the
               performance
               of
               which
               Duties
               if
               any
               misfortune
               should
               befal
               a
               Wise
               Man
               ,
               they
               account
               him
               never
               a
               jot
               the
               less
               happy
               ,
               
               though
               he
               miss
               a
               few
               Pleasures
               that
               he
               covets
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               felicity
               of
               a
               Friend
               is
               not
               desirable
               in
               it self
               ;
               for
               though
               near
               it
               ,
               we
               do
               not
               rightly
               apprehend
               it
               ;
               nor
               have
               we
               reason
               sufficient
               to
               be
               confident
               ,
               and
               advance
               our selves
               above
               the
               opinion
               of
               others
               .
            
             
               That
               it
               behoves
               us
               to
               habituate
               our selves
               to
               Vertue
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               that
               evil
               disposition
               with
               which
               we
               are
               born
               into
               the
               World.
               And
               therefore
               we
               ought
               to
               embrace
               a
               Friend
               ,
               not
               only
               for
               profits
               sake
               ,
               which
               if
               it
               fail
               ,
               our
               affection
               vanishes
               ,
               but
               out
               of
               that
               inbred
               kindness
               ,
               which
               carries
               us
               to
               undergo
               all
               manner
               of
               hardships
               ,
               still
               proposing
               pleasure
               for
               our
               End.
               For
               while
               we
               propose
               pleasure
               for
               the
               End
               ,
               and
               are
               sorry
               to
               be
               deprived
               of
               it
               ,
               yet
               we
               willingly
               undergo
               the
               trouble
               out
               of
               our
               affection
               for
               our
               Friend
               ,
               because
               our
               service
               is
               a
               Pleasure
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               Theodorus
               ,
               he
               deny'd
               all
               Opinions
               concerning
               the
               Gods
               ;
               and
               we
               met
               with
               a
               Book
               of
               his
               Entitl'd
               ,
               
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Gods
              
               ,
               no
               way
               to
               be
               contemn'd
               ,
               out
               of
               which
               ,
               they
               say
               ,
               Epicurus
               borrow'd
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               what
               he
               wrote
               upon
               that
               subject
               .
            
             
               This
               Theodorus
               was
               a
               Hearer
               of
               Annicerides
               and
               Dionysius
               the
               Logician
               ,
               as
               Antisthenes
               
               testifies
               in
               his
               
                 Successions
                 of
                 the
                 Philosophers
              
               .
               He
               held
               the
               End
               to
               be
               Joy
               and
               Grief
               ;
               the
               one
               consisting
               in
               Prudence
               ,
               the
               other
               in
               Folly.
               That
               Prudence
               and
               Justice
               were
               good
               things
               ;
               the
               contrary
               Habits
               ,
               evil
               :
               And
               for
               Pleasure
               and
               Pain
               ,
               he
               plac'd
               'em
               in
               the
               middle
               .
               He
               deny'd
               Friendship
               ,
               as
               really
               appearing
               neither
               in
               Fools
               nor
               Wise
               Men.
               For
               in
               the
               first
               ,
               as
               soon
               as
               the
               benefit
               ceas'd
               ,
               their
               friendship
               dy'd
               .
               And
               for
               Wise
               Men
               ,
               they
               trusting
               to
               their
               own
               abilities
               ,
               stood
               in
               need
               of
               none
               .
            
             
               He
               did
               not
               think
               it
               rational
               ,
               That
               a
               Vertuous
               Man
               should
               hazard
               himself
               for
               his
               Country
               ,
               for
               it
               was
               not
               fit
               that
               he
               should
               throw
               away
               his
               prudence
               for
               the
               folly
               and
               miscarriages
               of
               others
               ;
               besides
               that
               ,
               the
               whole
               World
               was
               his
               Country
               ;
               and
               that
               it
               was
               lawful
               for
               a
               Wise
               Man
               to
               Steal
               ,
               commit
               Adultery
               and
               Sacriledge
               when
               opportunity
               offer'd
               .
               For
               that
               none
               of
               those
               actions
               were
               naturally
               evil
               ,
               setting
               but
               aside
               the
               vulgar
               Opinion
               which
               was
               introduc'd
               into
               the
               World
               by
               silly
               and
               illiterate
               People
               .
            
             
               That
               a
               Wise
               Man
               might
               publickly
               ,
               without
               shame
               or
               scandal
               ,
               keep
               company
               with
               common
               Harlots
               ,
               if
               his
               inclinations
               led
               him
               to
               it
               .
               
                 For
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 shall
                 a
                 learned
                 Woman
                 be
                 of
                 no
                 use
                 ,
                 because
                 she
                 is
                 
                 learned
                 ?
                 Or
                 a
                 Boy
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 Youth
                 be
                 laid
                 aside
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 has
                 been
                 well
                 Educated
                 ?
                 Surely
                 ,
                 No
                 —
                 Then
                 again
                 ,
                 may
                 not
                 a
                 ,
                 beautiful
                 Woman
                 be
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 ,
                 because
                 she
                 is
                 fair
                 ?
                 Or
                 a
                 Boy
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 Youth
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 is
                 lovely
                 ?
                 Most
                 certainly
                 they
                 may
                 —
                 Now
                 then
                 you
                 will
                 allow
                 that
                 a
                 lovely
                 Boy
                 or
                 Youth
                 is
                 useful
                 for
                 that
                 end
                 for
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 born
                 lovely
                 .
                 If
                 so
                 ,
                 then
                 to
                 be
                 enjoy'd
                 .
                 Whence
                 he
                 inferr'd
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 that
                 enjoyment
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 requisite
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 no
                 Transgression
                 .
                 Neither
                 is
                 he
                 also
                 guilty
                 of
                 any
                 Crime
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 makes
                 use
                 of
                 beauty
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 for
                 his
                 Advantage
                 .
              
               And
               these
               were
               the
               Sophisms
               which
               he
               impos'd
               upon
               his
               Hearers
               .
            
             
               Now
               the
               reason
               why
               he
               was
               Nick-nam'd
               Theos
               ,
               or
               God
               ,
               was
               this
               :
               For
               that
               when
               Stilpo
               put
               the
               Question
               to
               him
               ,
               
                 Whether
                 he
                 thought
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 same
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 ?
              
               And
               he
               was
               so
               vain
               as
               not
               to
               deny
               it
               :
               
                 Why
                 then
              
               ,
               said
               
                 Stilpo
                 ,
                 Thou
                 art
                 God.
              
               At
               which
               when
               he
               seem'd
               to
               be
               highly
               pleas'd
               ,
               the
               other
               with
               a
               smile
               reply'd
               ,
               
                 Alas
                 poor
                 miserable
                 wretch
                 as
                 thou
                 art
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 thou
                 might'st
                 as
                 well
                 assert
                 thy self
                 to
                 be
                 a
              
               Jack-Daw
               .
            
             
               Another
               time
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               sitting
               by
               Euclid
               ,
               whose
               business
               it
               was
               to
               instruct
               the
               young
               Probationers
               in
               the
               holy
               Mysteries
               
               of
               their
               Order
               ,
               
                 Tell
                 me
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 who
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 belong
                 to
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Ceremonies
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 wicked
                 ?
              
               To
               which
               when
               the
               other
               answer'd
               ,
               They
               who
               divulge
               'em
               to
               those
               that
               are
               not
               initiated
               :
               
                 Why
                 then
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 thou
                 art
                 an
                 Impious
                 person
                 who
                 teachest
                 'em
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 not
                 initiated
                 ,
                 thy self
                 .
              
               For
               which
               he
               had
               like
               to
               have
               been
               dragg'd
               to
               the
               Areopagus
               ,
               had
               not
               
                 Demetrius
                 Phalereus
              
               rescu'd
               him
               .
            
             
               Sojourning
               with
               Ptolomy
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Lagus
               ,
               he
               was
               by
               him
               sent
               ,
               as
               his
               Ambassador
               ,
               to
               Lysimachus
               .
               At
               what
               time
               Lysimachus
               boldly
               asking
               him
               ,
               Whether
               he
               were
               not
               banish'd
               
                 Athens
                 ?
                 'T
                 is
                 very
                 true
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 for
                 the
                 City
                 no
                 longer
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 me
                 ,
                 cast
                 me
                 forth
                 ,
                 as
              
               Semele
               did
               Bacchus
               .
               To
               which
               Lysimachus
               replying
               ,
               
                 Beware
                 how
                 thou
                 com'st
                 any
                 more
                 hither
                 .
                 Never
                 fear
                 it
                 ,
              
               said
               he
               ,
               unless
               Ptolomy
               
                 send
                 me
              
               .
               At
               the
               same
               time
               Mythrus
               ,
               the
               King
               's
               High
               Steward
               was
               present
               ;
               who
               offended
               at
               his
               haughty
               carriage
               ,
               
                 Thou
                 seem●…t
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 to
                 be
                 as
                 ignorant
                 of
                 the
                 Majesty
                 of
                 Kings
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 :
                 How
                 oan
                 that
                 be
                 ,
              
               reply'd
               the
               other
               ,
               
                 when
                 I
                 know
                 thee
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 Enemy
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ?
              
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               ,
               that
               when
               he
               came
               to
               Corinth
               ,
               he
               was
               presently
               surrounded
               with
               a
               great
               Crowd
               of
               his
               Disciples
               .
               Which
               Metrocles
               the
               Cynic
               observing
               as
               he
               was
               washing
               
               of
               wild
               Pot-herbs
               ,
               Hark
               ye
               ,
               said
               he
               ▪
               as
               he
               pass'd
               by
               ,
               would'st
               not
               thou
               ,
               as
               great
               a
               Sophister
               as
               thou
               art
               ,
               want
               Scholars
               ▪
               should
               they
               see
               thee
               washing
               Pot-herbs
               ▪
               To
               whom
               the
               other
               ,
               
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 that
                 ,
                 friend
                 ▪
                 but
                 this
                 I
                 know
                 ,
                 Thou
                 need'st
                 not
                 now
                 have
                 been
                 washing
                 wild
                 Roots
                 ,
                 had'st
                 thou
                 bee
                 learnt
                 how
                 to
                 converse
                 with
                 Men.
              
               But
               this
               Repartee
               is
               father'd
               as
               well
               upon
               Diogenes
               and
               Aristippus
               ,
               as
               upon
               him
               .
               And
               th●●
               much
               for
               the
               Life
               and
               Tenents
               of
               Theodorus
               .
               At
               length
               retiring
               to
               Cyrene
               ,
               he
               was
               there
               a
               long
               time
               ,
               highly
               honour'd
               by
               M●rias
               .
               From
               whence
               being
               at
               length
               also
               expell'd
               ,
               at
               his
               departure
               ,
               
                 Ye
                 do
                 very
                 ill
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               O
               Cyreneans
               ,
               
                 to
                 banish
                 me
                 out
                 of
              
               Africa
               into
               Greece
               .
            
             
               Of
               this
               name
               there
               were
               nineteen
               more
               .
               The
               first
               a
               Samian
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Rhoecus
               ,
               who
               advis'd
               the
               laying
               of
               Charcoals
               under
               the
               Foundation
               of
               the
               Temple
               of
               Ephesus
               ,
               for
               he
               affirm'd
               ,
               That
               the
               place
               being
               very
               moist
               ,
               the
               Charcoal
               would
               dissolve
               ,
               and
               then
               consolidate
               again
               into
               a
               most
               firm
               and
               durable
               substance
               ,
               The
               second
               was
               a
               Geometrician
               of
               Cyrene
               ,
               and
               
               Plato's
               Master
               .
               The
               third
               ,
               the
               Author
               of
               a
               Treatise
               
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Exercise
                 of
                 the
                 Voice
                 .
              
               The
               fourth
               ,
               he
               that
               wrote
               the
               Lives
               of
               the
               Legislators
               ,
               beginning
               from
               Terpander
               .
               The
               fifth
               a
               Stoic
               .
               The
               sixth
               ,
               he
               that
               wrote
               
               the
               Roman
               History
               .
               The
               seventh
               a
               Syracusian
               ,
               that
               wrote
               of
               Military
               Discipline
               .
               The
               eighth
               of
               Byzantium
               ,
               a
               famous
               writer
               of
               Politicks
               .
               The
               ninth
               mention'd
               by
               Aristotle
               in
               his
               Epitome
               of
               the
               Rhetoricians
               .
               The
               tenth
               ,
               a
               Theban
               Statuary
               .
               The
               eleventh
               a
               Painter
               ,
               of
               which
               one
               Polemo
               makes
               mention
               .
               The
               twelfth
               an
               Athenian
               Painter
               ,
               mention'd
               by
               Menodotus
               .
               The
               thirteenth
               an
               Ephosian
               Painter
               ,
               of
               whom
               Theophrastus
               speaks
               ,
               in
               his
               Treatise
               of
               Painting
               .
               The
               fourteenth
               ,
               an
               Epigrammatist
               .
               The
               fifteenth
               wrote
               the
               Lives
               of
               the
               Poets
               .
               The
               sixteenth
               a
               Physician
               ,
               and
               Disciple
               of
               Athenaeus
               .
               The
               seventeenth
               a
               Chiote
               ,
               and
               a
               Stoic
               Philosopher
               .
               The
               eighteenth
               a
               Milesian
               and
               a
               Stoic
               likewise
               .
               The
               nineteenth
               a
               Tragedian
               :
               and
               our
               own
               Philosopher
               makes
               the
               twentieth
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               PHAEDO
               .
            
             
               PHaedo
               ,
               an
               Elean
               ,
               born
               of
               a
               noble
               Family
               ,
               being
               taken
               in
               the
               general
               Sack
               of
               his
               Country
               ,
               was
               constrain'd
               for
               a
               livelihood
               to
               keep
               a
               small
               Victualing-House
               ,
               to
               which
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               got
               him
               a
               little
               Door
               ,
               he
               enjoy'd
               Socrates
               for
               his
               Bed-fellow
               
               and
               Master
               ,
               till
               Alcibiades
               or
               Crito
               ,
               by
               the
               persuasion
               of
               Socrates
               ,
               redeem'd
               him
               from
               that
               Penury
               ;
               and
               from
               that
               time
               forward
               he
               apply'd
               himself
               with
               great
               diligence
               to
               the
               study
               of
               Philosophy
               .
               He
               wrote
               several
               Dialogues
               ,
               which
               are
               undoubtedly
               acknowledg'd
               to
               be
               his
               .
               But
               his
               
                 Zopyrus
                 ,
                 Simo
              
               ,
               and
               Nicias
               are
               called
               in
               question
               .
               His
               Medus
               is
               said
               to
               have
               been
               written
               by
               Aeschines
               ,
               or
               as
               some
               will
               have
               it
               ,
               by
               Polyaenus
               :
               His
               Antimachus
               is
               controverted
               :
               And
               his
               Scythian
               Proverbs
               are
               attributed
               to
               Aeschines
               .
               His
               Successor
               was
               Plistinus
               of
               Eleia
               ,
               and
               after
               him
               the
               Disciples
               of
               Menedemus
               of
               Eretricum
               ,
               and
               Asclepiades
               the
               Phthiasian
               ,
               Successor
               to
               Stilpo
               ,
               till
               their
               time
               call'd
               Eliaci
               ,
               but
               then
               again
               from
               
                 Menedemus
                 ,
                 Eretrici
              
               .
               But
               of
               him
               more
               hereafter
               ,
               in
               regard
               he
               was
               the
               head
               and
               founder
               of
               that
               Sect.
               
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               EVCLIDES
               .
            
             
               EVclides
               ,
               born
               at
               Megara
               ,
               adjoyning
               to
               the
               Isthmus
               ,
               as
               some
               assert
               ,
               or
               in
               Gelo
               ,
               as
               Alexander
               affirms
               in
               his
               Successions
               ,
               is
               reported
               to
               have
               been
               a
               great
               admirer
               
               of
               Parmenides
               ,
               whose
               writings
               he
               continually
               studied
               .
               From
               him
               the
               Megarici
               took
               their
               denomination
               ,
               afterwards
               called
               Eretrici
               ,
               and
               after
               that
               Dialectici
               :
               So
               nam'd
               by
               Dionysius
               the
               Carthaginian
               ,
               because
               they
               always
               wrote
               by
               way
               of
               Question
               and
               Answer
               .
            
             
               To
               this
               great
               Man
               ,
               says
               Hermodotus
               ,
               repair'd
               Plato
               and
               all
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Philosophers
               ,
               after
               the
               death
               of
               Socrates
               ,
               fearing
               the
               cruelty
               of
               the
               thirty
               Tyrants
               .
            
             
               He
               allow'd
               but
               one
               
                 Supream
                 Good
              
               ,
               tho'
               he
               gave
               it
               several
               Names
               .
               For
               sometimes
               he
               call'd
               it
               Prudence
               ;
               sometimes
               God
               ,
               and
               at
               other
               times
               ,
               the
               
                 Great
                 Intelligence
              
               .
               He
               deny'd
               whatever
               was
               contrary
               to
               the
               Supream
               Good
               ,
               affirming
               there
               was
               no
               such
               thing
               .
               For
               which
               he
               brought
               his
               Proofs
               ,
               not
               by
               way
               of
               Assumption
               ,
               but
               by
               way
               of
               Inference
               and
               Conclusion
               .
            
             
               He
               also
               condemn'd
               the
               use
               of
               Allegories
               in
               Disputations
               .
               
                 For
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 they
                 consist
                 either
                 of
                 Similitudes
                 or
                 Dissimilitudes
                 .
                 If
                 of
                 Similitudes
                 ,
                 then
                 it
                 behoves
                 the
                 Disputant
                 to
                 insist
                 upon
                 the
                 Similitude
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 upon
                 those
                 things
                 for
                 which
                 the
                 Illustration
                 is
                 intended
                 .
                 If
                 of
                 Dissimilitudes
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 Comparison
                 is
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 .
              
               Timon
               therefore
               derides
               him
               ,
               together
               with
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Socratics
               in
               the
               following
               Lines
               .
               
                 
                 
                   Phaedo
                   be
                   hang'd
                   ,
                   with
                   all
                   his
                   Rakeshame
                   Crew
                   ,
                
                 
                   I
                   neither
                   mind
                   'em
                   ,
                   nor
                   their
                   Trifles
                   view
                   .
                
                 
                   Nor
                   their
                   fam'd
                   Euclid
                   neither
                   ;
                   fam'd
                   !
                   for
                   what
                   ?
                
                 
                   For
                   plaguing
                   Megara
                   with
                   brawling
                   Chat.
                   
                
              
            
             
               He
               wrote
               six
               Dialogues
               ,
               entitl'd
               
                 Lamprias
                 ,
                 Aeschines
                 ,
                 Phoenix
                 ,
                 Crito
                 ,
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
              
               and
               Eroticum
               .
               To
               Euclid
               succeeded
               Eubulides
               the
               Milesian
               ,
               who
               form'd
               in
               writing
               several
               Moods
               and
               Figures
               in
               Logic
               ,
               by
               way
               of
               Interrogation
               ,
               under
               the
               names
               of
               the
               Fallacious
               ,
               the
               Latent
               ,
               the
               Electra
               ,
               the
               Involv'd
               ,
               the
               Sorite
               ,
               the
               Horned
               ,
               and
               the
               Bald
               ;
               of
               which
               Timon
               ,
               
                 
                   Contentious
                   Euclid
                   with
                   his
                   Horned
                   Queries
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   ranting
                   Bumbast
                   his
                   admirers
                   wearies
                   ;
                
                 
                   Yet
                   after
                   all
                   his
                   babling
                   thus
                   by
                   rote
                
                 
                   
                   Demosthenes's
                   R
                   sticks
                   in
                   his
                   Throat
                   .
                
              
            
             
               For
               Demosthenes
               seems
               to
               have
               been
               once
               his
               hearer
               ,
               but
               because
               he
               pronounc'd
               the
               Letter
               R
               worse
               than
               his
               Master
               ,
               he
               forsook
               his
               Master
               that
               could
               not
               remedy
               his
               impediment
               .
               As
               for
               Eubulides
               ,
               it
               is
               manifest
               that
               he
               was
               a
               great
               Enemy
               to
               Aristotle
               ,
               in
               whose
               writings
               he
               finds
               a
               thousand
               faults
               .
               Now
               among
               the
               rest
               that
               succeeded
               
                 Eubulides
                 ,
                 Alexinus
              
               was
               one
               ;
               
               famous
               for
               a
               Brangler
               ,
               and
               a
               Man
               of
               strong
               parts
               ;
               for
               which
               reason
               he
               was
               call'd
               Alexinus
               ;
               but
               against
               no
               Man
               so
               much
               embitter'd
               as
               against
               Zeno.
               
            
             
               This
               Alexinus
               ,
               as
               Hermippus
               relates
               ,
               travelling
               from
               Elis
               to
               Olympia
               ,
               there
               divulged
               his
               Philosophy
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               ,
               being
               ask'd
               by
               his
               Scholars
               ,
               why
               he
               tarry'd
               there
               ?
               He
               reply'd
               ,
               That
               he
               intended
               to
               set
               up
               a
               new
               Sect
               ,
               and
               give
               it
               the
               Title
               of
               Olympiac
               .
               Thereupon
               his
               Scholars
               finding
               their
               Provision
               spent
               ,
               and
               the
               place
               very
               unhealthy
               ,
               left
               Alexinus
               to
               shift
               for
               himself
               ,
               with
               one
               Servant
               only
               .
               Afterwards
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               swimming
               in
               the
               River
               Alpheus
               ,
               the
               sharp
               end
               of
               a
               Reed
               ran
               into
               his
               Body
               ,
               of
               which
               wound
               he
               dy'd
               .
               Which
               occasion'd
               this
               Epigram
               of
               our
               own
               .
               
                 
                   'T
                   was
                   then
                   no
                   story
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   Nail
                   should
                   lame
                
                 
                   The
                   Foot
                   of
                   one
                   that
                   in
                   a
                   River
                   swam
                   ;
                
                 
                   For
                   Alexinus
                   in
                   Alpheus
                   found
                
                 
                   The
                   cursed
                   Reed
                   that
                   gave
                   him
                   his
                   death's
                   wound
                   .
                
              
            
             
               He
               not
               only
               wrote
               against
               Zeno
               and
               Ephorus
               the
               Historian
               ,
               but
               several
               other
               Treatises
               .
               Euphantus
               also
               the
               Olynthian
               ,
               was
               another
               admirer
               and
               follower
               of
               Eubulides
               ,
               who
               wrote
               the
               Story
               of
               his
               own
               Times
               ,
               and
               several
               Tragedies
               ,
               which
               won
               
               him
               great
               Reputation
               at
               the
               
                 Public
                 Exercises
              
               .
               He
               was
               also
               Tutor
               to
               King
               Antigonus
               ,
               to
               whom
               he
               wrote
               a
               Treatise
               of
               Regality
               ,
               and
               Kingly
               Government
               ,
               very
               much
               applauded
               among
               the
               Learned
               ,
               and
               dy'd
               meerly
               of
               old
               Age.
               Eubulides
               had
               also
               several
               other
               Scholars
               ,
               and
               among
               the
               rest
               Apollonius
               ,
               Sur-nam'd
               Cronus
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               DIODORVS
               .
            
             
               DIodorus
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Amenias
               ,
               an
               Iassian
               ,
               Sur-nam'd
               also
               Cronos
               ,
               of
               whom
               Callimachus
               seems
               to
               have
               been
               a
               bitter
               Enemy
               ,
               and
               writes
               in
               derision
               :
               
                 
                   Yet
                   Momus
                   is
                   so
                   kind
                   upon
                   the
                   Wall
                
                 
                   To
                   write
                   his
                   Name
                   in
                   Letters
                   Capital
                   ,
                
                 
                   Cronos
                   the
                   Wise
                   ;
                   Oh!
                   never
                   then
                   despise
                
                 
                   The
                   Man
                   whom
                   Momus
                   has
                   Sur-nam'd
                   the
                   Wise
                   .
                
              
            
             
               He
               was
               a
               Logician
               ,
               and
               the
               first
               who
               is
               reported
               to
               have
               found
               out
               the
               Involv'd
               and
               
                 Horned
                 Enthymemes
              
               .
               While
               he
               Sojourn'd
               with
               
                 Ptolomy
                 Soter
                 ,
                 Stilpo
              
               put
               several
               Logical
               Questions
               to
               him
               ,
               which
               
               when
               he
               was
               not
               able
               readily
               to
               resolve
               ,
               the
               King
               laught
               at
               him
               ,
               and
               call'd
               him
               Cronos
               in
               derision
               .
               Thereupon
               he
               retir'd
               from
               the
               Banquet
               ,
               and
               after
               he
               had
               written
               a
               whole
               Treatise
               upon
               the
               Question
               propounded
               to
               him
               ,
               he
               dy'd
               for
               meer
               Grief
               :
               Which
               occasion'd
               this
               Epigram
               of
               ours
               .
               
                 
                   Poor
                   
                     Diodorus
                     Cronus
                  
                   !
                   which
                   of
                   All
                
                 
                   The
                   Daemons
                   was
                   it
                   ,
                   ow'd
                   thee
                   so
                   much
                   Gall
                   ,
                
                 
                   So
                   to
                   besot
                   thy
                   Brains
                   ,
                   thou
                   cou'dst
                   not
                   speak
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   then
                   with
                   silly
                   Grief
                   thy
                   heart
                   to
                   break
                   ?
                
                 
                   Alas
                   !
                   thou
                   couldst
                   not
                   
                   Stilpo's
                   knot
                   unty
                   ,
                
                 
                   'T
                   was
                   knit
                   too
                   fast
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   's
                   the
                   reason
                   why
                   ?
                
                 
                   'T
                   was
                   that
                   took
                   P
                   and
                   K
                   from
                   thy
                   Name
                   ,
                
                 
                   So
                   
                     Kronos
                     ,
                     Onos
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   an
                   Ass
                   became
                   .
                
              
            
             
               In
               
               Euclid's
               School
               were
               also
               bred
               the
               famous
               Ichthyas
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               
                 Metallus
                 ,
                 Clinomachus
              
               the
               Thurian
               ,
               who
               wrote
               a
               Treatise
               of
               Logical
               Axioms
               and
               Predicaments
               .
               And
               Stilpo
               ,
               a
               most
               renown'd
               Philosopher
               ,
               whose
               Life
               we
               are
               next
               to
               write
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               STILPO
               .
            
             
               STilpo
               ,
               born
               in
               Megara
               of
               Greece
               ,
               was
               the
               Disciple
               of
               some
               of
               
               Euclid's
               Scholars
               ;
               as
               also
               of
               Thrasymachus
               the
               Corinthian
               ,
               a
               familiar
               acquaintance
               of
               
               Ichthyas's
               .
               But
               he
               so
               far
               surpassed
               his
               Teachers
               ,
               and
               all
               others
               for
               Invention
               and
               Eloquence
               ,
               that
               he
               wanted
               but
               little
               of
               drawing
               all
               Greece
               after
               him
               to
               
                 Megara
                 .
                 Philip
              
               the
               Megaric
               gives
               this
               account
               of
               him
               :
            
             
               He
               forsook
               Theophrastus
               to
               follow
               Metrodorus
               ,
               who
               was
               altogether
               addicted
               to
               Contemplation
               ,
               and
               Timagoras
               of
               Gelos
               :
               And
               at
               the
               same
               time
               Clitarchus
               and
               Simmi●s
               left
               Aristotle
               the
               Cyrenaean
               for
               the
               same
               reason
               .
            
             
               Among
               the
               
                 Dialectics
                 ,
                 Paeonins
              
               forsaking
               
                 Aristides
                 ,
                 Diphilus
              
               of
               Bosphorus
               the
               Son
               of
               Euphantus
               ,
               and
               Myrmex
               the
               Son
               of
               Exenaetus
               ,
               studious
               of
               Disputation
               ,
               became
               his
               Admirers
               .
               He
               also
               won
               Phrasidemus
               the
               Peripatetic
               ,
               a
               great
               Naturalist
               ,
               and
               Alcinous
               ,
               the
               most
               eminent
               Orator
               of
               all
               who
               then
               flourish'd
               in
               Greece
               ,
               to
               be
               his
               Hearers
               ;
               together
               with
               
                 Crates
                 ,
                 Phoenix
                 ,
                 Zeno
              
               ,
               and
               several
               others
               ,
               who
               all
               flock'd
               to
               him
               .
            
             
             
               He
               was
               a
               Man
               deeply
               Politic
               ;
               and
               besides
               his
               Wife
               Nicarete
               ,
               kept
               a
               Mistress
               in
               his
               House
               ,
               as
               Onetor
               testifies
               .
               His
               Daughter
               ,
               who
               prov'd
               none
               of
               the
               chastest
               ,
               he
               marry'd
               to
               Simmias
               of
               Syracuse
               ,
               his
               Kinsman
               :
               Of
               whose
               Incontinency
               when
               Stilpo
               was
               inform'd
               ,
               and
               told
               moreover
               ,
               that
               she
               was
               a
               disgrace
               to
               her
               Parents
               ,
               
                 She
                 is
                 not
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 shame
                 to
                 me
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 I
                 am
                 a
                 greater
                 Ornament
                 to
                 her
                 .
                 Ptolomy
                 Soter
              
               kindly
               entertain'd
               him
               ,
               when
               the
               victorious
               Enemy
               had
               subdu'd
               his
               Native
               Country
               ;
               and
               giving
               him
               a
               round
               Sum
               of
               Money
               ,
               requested
               his
               Company
               into
               Aegypt
               :
               Thereupon
               he
               return'd
               the
               best
               part
               of
               the
               Money
               ,
               refusing
               the
               Voyage
               ,
               and
               retir'd
               to
               Aegina
               ,
               till
               
               Ptolomy's
               return
               .
               Nor
               was
               Demetrius
               less
               kind
               ;
               for
               after
               he
               had
               taken
               Megara
               ,
               he
               took
               particular
               care
               to
               save
               the
               Philosopher's
               House
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Plunder
               taken
               out
               of
               it
               should
               be
               restor'd
               him
               .
               But
               when
               the
               Victor
               demanded
               an
               Inventory
               of
               his
               Goods
               ,
               to
               see
               whether
               he
               miss'd
               nothing
               ,
               he
               made
               answer
               ,
               that
               every
               thing
               was
               safe
               ,
               for
               no
               Man
               could
               deprive
               him
               of
               his
               Eloquence
               ,
               and
               his
               Learning
               :
               And
               after
               this
               discoursing
               to
               the
               Conqueror
               concerning
               
                 Humane
                 Beneficence
              
               ,
               he
               did
               it
               with
               that
               force
               of
               Eloquence
               ,
               that
               the
               vanquish'd
               Victor
               became
               not
               only
               his
               Admirer
               but
               his
               Hearer
               .
            
             
             
               It
               is
               reported
               of
               him
               ,
               That
               he
               put
               this
               Question
               to
               a
               certain
               person
               concerning
               the
               Statue
               of
               Minerva
               made
               by
               
                 Phydias
                 ,
                 Is
              
               Minerva
               
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
              
               Jove
               
                 a
                 God
              
               ?
               To
               which
               the
               other
               answering
               
                 Yes
                 .
                 But
                 this
              
               Minerva
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 is
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
              
               Phydias
               ,
               
                 not
                 of
              
               Jupiter
               :
               Which
               the
               other
               acknowledging
               ;
               
                 Then
                 this
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 can
                 be
                 no
                 God.
              
               For
               which
               ,
               when
               he
               was
               cited
               to
               the
               Areopagus
               ,
               he
               disdain'd
               to
               eat
               his
               words
               ,
               but
               rather
               affirm'd
               that
               he
               had
               spok'n
               nothing
               but
               what
               was
               true
               ;
               for
               that
               she
               was
               no
               God
               ,
               but
               a
               Goddess
               ,
               in
               regard
               the
               Gods
               were
               all
               Masculine
               :
               However
               the
               Areopagites
               ,
               never
               a
               jot
               the
               more
               pacify'd
               for
               that
               ,
               commanded
               him
               to
               depart
               the
               City
               .
               At
               which
               time
               Theodorus
               ,
               nick-nam'd
               the
               God
               ,
               is
               reported
               to
               have
               droll'd
               upon
               him
               ,
               asking
               him
               ,
               
                 How
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 knowing
              
               ;
               or
               
                 whether
                 he
                 took
                 up
                 her
                 Coats
                 and
                 look'd
                 ?
              
               For
               he
               was
               a
               person
               of
               a
               daring
               confidence
               ;
               but
               Stilpo
               a
               Man
               very
               reserv'd
               ,
               yet
               extreamly
               facetious
               .
               And
               therefore
               when
               Crates
               ask'd
               him
               whether
               the
               Gods
               were
               pleas'd
               with
               the
               Prayers
               of
               Mortals
               ,
               and
               the
               Divine
               Honours
               continually
               paid
               '
               em
               ?
               Fool
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 never
                 ask
                 Questions
                 concerning
                 these
                 things
                 in
                 the
                 Street
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 thou
                 art
                 private
                 in
                 thy
                 Study
                 .
              
            
             
             
               Which
               very
               answer
               is
               reported
               to
               have
               been
               given
               by
               Bion
               to
               one
               that
               ask'd
               him
               ,
               whether
               there
               were
               any
               Gods
               ?
               
                 
                   Wretched
                   Old
                   Man
                   ,
                   canst
                   thou
                   the
                   Crowd
                   remove
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   I
                   may
                   loudly
                   speak
                   of
                   things
                   above
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Moreover
               Stilpo
               was
               a
               plain
               dealing
               person
               ,
               without
               fraud
               or
               guile
               ,
               and
               one
               that
               would
               not
               despise
               the
               most
               ignorant
               person
               alive
               .
               And
               therefore
               when
               Crates
               the
               Cynic
               would
               not
               answer
               to
               a
               question
               propounded
               to
               him
               ,
               only
               let
               a
               fart
               ;
               
                 I
                 knew
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 thou
                 wouldst
                 speak
                 any
                 thing
                 rather
                 than
                 what
                 it
                 behov'd
                 thee
                 to
                 do
                 .
              
            
             
               Another
               time
               ,
               a
               certain
               person
               presenting
               him
               a
               dry
               Figg
               ,
               and
               then
               propounding
               a
               question
               to
               him
               ;
               he
               presently
               eat
               the
               Figg
               ;
               upon
               which
               the
               other
               crying
               out
               ,
               that
               he
               had
               lost
               his
               Figg
               :
               
                 Yes
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 question
                 too
                 ,
              
               reply'd
               
                 Stilpo
                 ,
                 which
                 thou
                 gav'st
                 me
                 in
                 Earnest
                 for
                 question
                 .
              
            
             
               Another
               time
               beholding
               Crates
               scorch'd
               and
               burnt
               in
               the
               Winter
               time
               ,
               Truly
               Crates
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 in
                 my
                 opinion
                 thou
                 want'st
                 a
                 new
                 Cloak
              
               ;
               meaning
               ,
               as
               well
               to
               hide
               his
               knavery
               ,
               as
               to
               keep
               him
               warm
               :
               To
               whom
               the
               old
               Man
               ,
               being
               at
               present
               somewhat
               dash'd
               out
               of
               count'nance
               presently
               retorted
               ,
               
                 
                 
                   Time
                   was
                   when
                   I
                   at
                   Megara
                   have
                   seen
                
                 
                   Stilpo
                   in
                   rags
                   ,
                   that
                   scarce
                   would
                   hide
                   his
                   skin
                   ,
                
                 
                   Shivering
                   and
                   shaking
                   ,
                   tho'
                   so
                   near
                   the
                   rocks
                
                 
                   Where
                   
                   Typhon's
                   Cavern
                   still
                   with
                   Sulphur
                   smoaks
                   ,
                
                 
                   At
                   length
                   for
                   a
                   new
                   Coat
                   to
                   warm
                   his
                   Breech
                   ,
                
                 
                   I'th'open
                   streets
                   he
                   needs
                   would
                   Vertue
                   teach
                   ,
                
                 
                   Till
                   all
                   his
                   friends
                   so
                   thick
                   about
                   him
                   got
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   tatter'd
                   Vertue
                   had
                   like
                   t'
                   ha
                   '
                   gone
                   to
                   pot
                   .
                
              
            
             
               He
               is
               reported
               ,
               so
               to
               have
               bewitch'd
               the
               Ears
               of
               the
               People
               at
               Athens
               ,
               that
               the
               very
               Slaves
               flock'd
               out
               of
               the
               Public
               Bridewells
               to
               see
               him
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               ,
               to
               a
               certain
               Person
               saying
               to
               him
               ,
               Look
               —
               how
               they
               wonder
               at
               thee
               ,
               as
               if
               thou
               wer
               't
               some
               strange
               wild
               Beast
               ,
               —
               He
               reply'd
               ,
               
                 No
                 ,
                 no
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 because
                 they
                 never
                 saw
                 a
                 true
                 Man
                 before
                 .
              
            
             
               Being
               a
               most
               sharp
               and
               quick
               Disputant
               ,
               he
               deny'd
               all
               manner
               of
               Species
               ;
               and
               affirm'd
               ,
               That
               he
               who
               said
               he
               was
               a
               Man
               ,
               was
               no
               Man.
               For
               he
               must
               be
               either
               this
               ,
               or
               that
               Man.
               But
               why
               rather
               this
               Man
               ,
               than
               that
               Woman
               ?
               Therefore
               ,
               no
               Man.
               And
               again
               :
               This
               Pot-herb
               which
               here
               we
               see
               is
               no
               Pot-herb
               :
               For
               Pot-herbs
               were
               a
               thousand
               years
               ago
               ;
               therefore
               ,
               this
               is
               no
               Pot-herb
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               ,
               that
               as
               he
               was
               talking
               
               with
               Crates
               ,
               he
               broke
               off
               abruptly
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               his
               Speech
               ,
               to
               go
               to
               the
               Fishmongers
               .
               At
               what
               time
               ,
               when
               the
               other
               pull'd
               him
               back
               ,
               and
               told
               him
               ,
               he
               left
               his
               discourse
               behind
               him
               :
               No
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 keep
                 my
                 discourse
                 to
                 my self
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 leave
                 thee
                 .
                 For
                 my
                 discourse
                 can
                 tarry
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Fish
                 will
                 be
                 gone
                 .
              
            
             
               He
               is
               said
               to
               have
               been
               the
               Author
               of
               nine
               insipid
               Dialogues
               ,
               entitl'd
               ,
               
                 Moschus
                 ,
                 Aristippus
              
               or
               
                 Callias
                 ,
                 Ptolomy
                 ,
                 Chaerecrates
                 ,
                 Metrocles
                 ,
                 Anaximenes
                 ,
                 Epigenes
                 ,
              
               To
               his
               Daughter
               ,
               and
               Aristotle
               .
            
             
               Heraclides
               asserts
               that
               Zeno
               ,
               the
               Founder
               of
               the
               Stoic
               Philosophy
               ,
               was
               one
               of
               his
               Followers
               .
               And
               Hermippus
               assures
               us
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               very
               old
               when
               he
               dy'd
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               drank
               a
               lusty
               draught
               of
               Wine
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               he
               might
               the
               sooner
               expire
               .
               Thereupon
               we
               made
               him
               this
               Epigram
               .
               
                 
                   Stilpo
                   of
                   Megara
                   perhaps
                   thou
                   know'st
                   ,
                
                 
                   Him
                   up
                   and
                   down
                   by
                   various
                   fortune
                   tost
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   sad
                   Distempers
                   of
                   old
                   Age
                   o'retook
                   .
                
                 
                   At
                   last
                   ,
                   quite
                   weary
                   of
                   the
                   ponderous
                   yoak
                   ,
                
                 
                   A
                   nimbler
                   Charioteer
                   he
                   found
                   to
                   drive
                
                 
                   The
                   lingring
                   Chariot
                   of
                   his
                   Irksome
                   life
                   ;
                
                 
                   Calls
                   for
                   two
                   juggs
                   of
                   Wine
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   pour'd
                   down
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Curtain
                   draws
                   ,
                   and
                   Coachman
                   ,
                   crys
                   ,
                   drive
                   on
                   .
                
              
            
             
             
               Sophilus
               also
               the
               Comic
               Poet
               ,
               was
               very
               severe
               upon
               him
               ,
               in
               his
               Play
               call'd
               the
               Wedding
               .
               
                 
                   Stilpo
                   ,
                   to
                   hasten
                   death
                   ,
                   what
                   so
                   provok'd
                   thee
                   ?
                
                 
                   But
                   't
                   was
                   Charinus
                   Plaguy
                   Problem
                   choak'd
                   thee
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               CRITO
               .
            
             
               CRito
               was
               an
               Athenian
               ,
               who
               above
               all
               others
               ,
               had
               such
               a
               singular
               affection
               for
               Socrates
               ,
               that
               he
               made
               it
               his
               business
               continually
               to
               supply
               his
               wants
               .
               His
               Sons
               
                 Critobulus
                 ,
                 Hermogenes
                 ,
                 Ctesippus
              
               and
               Epigenes
               ,
               were
               all
               the
               Disciples
               of
               
                 Socrates
                 .
                 Crito
              
               himself
               likewise
               was
               the
               Author
               of
               seventeen
               Dialogues
               ,
               all
               comprehended
               in
               one
               Volume
               ,
               and
               thus
               entitl'd
               ,
               
                 That
                 Learning
                 does
                 not
                 make
                 good
                 Men.
                 Of
                 Plentiful
                 Living
                 .
                 Of
                 what
                 is
                 sufficient
                 .
                 Of
                 Honesty
                 and
                 Vertue
                 .
                 Of
                 God.
                 What
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 do
                 evil
                 .
                 Of
                 Fertility
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Law.
                 Of
                 Arts.
                 Concerning
                 Conversation
                 .
                 Of
                 Wisdom
                 .
                 Of
              
               Protagoras
               ,
               
                 or
                 the
                 Politician
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Letters
                 .
                 Of
                 Poetry
                 .
                 Of
                 Generosity
                 .
                 Concerning
                 Education
                 .
                 Of
                 Knowledge
                 .
                 What
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 know
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               SIMO
               .
            
             
               SIMO
               was
               an
               Athenian
               Stone-Cutter
               ,
               who
               when
               Socrates
               came
               into
               his
               Work-House
               ,
               and
               discours'd
               upon
               any
               subject
               ,
               set
               down
               in
               writing
               whatever
               he
               could
               remember
               :
               For
               which
               reason
               his
               Dialogues
               are
               call'd
               Socratici
               ;
               of
               which
               there
               are
               three
               and
               thirty
               ,
               upon
               various
               subjects
               ,
               all
               bound
               together
               in
               one
               Volume
               ,
               with
               these
               running
               Titles
               .
               
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Gods.
                 Of
                 Honesty
                 .
                 What
                 is
                 Honourable
                 and
                 Honest.
                 Of
                 Justice
                 ,
              
               in
               two
               Parts
               .
               
                 Concerning
                 Vertue
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 taught
                 .
                 Of
                 Fortitude
                 ,
              
               in
               three
               Dialogues
               .
               
                 Of
                 Love.
                 Concerning
                 Popularity
                 .
                 Of
                 Honour
                 .
                 Of
                 Poetry
                 .
                 Concerning
                 Health
                 .
                 Of
                 Love
                 ,
                 Philosophy
                 ,
                 Knowledge
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Music
                 .
                 What
                 is
                 Honourable
                 .
                 Of
                 Education
                 .
                 Of
                 Labour
                 .
                 Of
                 Judgment
                 .
                 Of
                 Entity
                 .
                 Of
                 Number
                 .
                 Of
                 Industry
                 .
                 Concerning
                 the
                 Love
                 of
                 Gain
                 .
                 Of
                 Vain-glory.
                 Of
                 Vertue
                 .
              
               Other
               Treatises
               he
               also
               wrote
               ,
               
                 Concerning
                 giving
                 Counsel
                 .
                 Of
                 Reason
              
               and
               
                 Dexterity
                 .
                 Of
                 Evil
                 doing
              
               .
               He
               is
               also
               reputed
               to
               be
               the
               first
               that
               made
               use
               of
               
               Socrates's
               Arguments
               .
               And
               this
               was
               he
               ,
               who
               when
               Pericles
               promis'd
               him
               ,
               that
               
               if
               he
               would
               live
               with
               him
               ,
               he
               should
               want
               for
               nothing
               ,
               made
               him
               answer
               ,
               
                 That
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 mind
                 to
                 part
                 with
                 his
                 Liberty
                 .
              
               There
               was
               also
               another
               Simo
               ,
               who
               wrote
               a
               Treatise
               of
               Rhetoric
               .
               A
               third
               ,
               who
               was
               a
               Physician
               ,
               and
               Kinsman
               to
               Seleucus
               and
               Nicanor
               ;
               and
               a
               fourth
               ,
               who
               was
               a
               Carver
               in
               Stone
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               GLAVCO
               .
            
             
               GLauco
               an
               Athenian
               ,
               was
               the
               Author
               of
               nine
               Dialogues
               ,
               all
               comprehended
               likewise
               in
               one
               Volume
               ,
               under
               these
               Titles
               ,
               
                 Phydilus
                 ,
                 Euripides
                 ,
                 Amyntichus
                 ,
                 Euthias
                 ,
                 Lysichides
                 ,
                 Aristophanes
                 ,
                 Cephalus
                 ,
                 Anaxiphemus
                 ,
                 Menexeus
                 .
              
               There
               are
               also
               thirty
               two
               more
               that
               go
               abroad
               under
               his
               name
               ,
               but
               not
               allowed
               to
               be
               his
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               SIMMIAS
               .
            
             
               SImmias
               was
               a
               Theban
               ,
               and
               said
               to
               have
               wrote
               twenty
               three
               Dialogues
               under
               these
               Heads
               .
               
                 Of
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 Truth
                 ,
                 Musick
                 .
                 
                 Of
                 Epic
                 Verses
                 ,
                 Fortitude
                 ,
                 Philosophy
                 ,
                 Ratiocination
                 ,
                 Truth
                 ,
                 Letters
                 ,
                 Education
                 ,
                 Arts
              
               and
               
                 Sciences
                 :
                 How
                 to
                 govern
                 :
                 Of
                 Decency
                 :
                 What
                 to
                 choose
                 ;
                 what
                 to
                 avoid
                 :
                 Of
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 Knowledge
                 ,
                 well
                 living
                 :
                 Of
                 Possibility
                 :
                 Of
                 Money
                 :
                 Concerning
                 Life
                 :
                 What
                 is
                 Honest
                 :
                 Of
                 Diligence
                 and
                 Love.
                 
              
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               CEBES
               .
            
             
               CEbes
               ,
               a
               Theban
               likewise
               ,
               is
               reported
               to
               be
               the
               Author
               of
               three
               Dialogues
               entitl'd
               ,
               
                 His
                 Table
                 ,
                 Hebdome
              
               ,
               and
               Phrynichus
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               MENEDEMVS
               .
            
             
               MEnedemus
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Phaedo
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Clisthenes
               ,
               of
               the
               Family
               of
               the
               Theopropidae
               ,
               was
               a
               person
               of
               a
               Noble
               Extraction
               ,
               but
               a
               Carpenter
               ,
               and
               poor
               .
               Others
               report
               him
               to
               have
               been
               a
               Tent-maker
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               learn'd
               both
               Trades
               .
               
               Which
               was
               the
               reason
               ,
               that
               when
               he
               had
               made
               a
               certain
               Decree
               ,
               he
               was
               reproved
               by
               one
               Alexinus
               ,
               who
               told
               him
               ,
               that
               it
               did
               not
               become
               a
               Wise
               Man
               to
               make
               either
               a
               Tent
               or
               a
               Decree
               .
               Afterwards
               being
               sent
               by
               the
               Eretrici
               to
               Garrison
               Megara
               ,
               he
               took
               a
               Journey
               to
               the
               Academy
               to
               visit
               Plato
               ,
               by
               whose
               perswasions
               ,
               not
               unwillingly
               entic'd
               ,
               he
               left
               off
               his
               being
               a
               Soldier
               .
               But
               being
               invited
               by
               Asclepias
               the
               Phthiasian
               ,
               he
               liv'd
               at
               Megara
               with
               Stilpo
               ,
               whose
               followers
               they
               both
               became
               .
               From
               whence
               going
               by
               Sea
               to
               Elis
               ,
               they
               fell
               into
               the
               company
               of
               Archipalus
               ,
               and
               Moschus
               ,
               and
               so
               till
               now
               ,
               they
               were
               call'd
               Eretrici
               ,
               from
               the
               Country
               where
               Menedemus
               was
               born
               .
            
             
               Certainly
               it
               is
               that
               Menedemus
               was
               a
               Person
               highly
               esteem'd
               for
               his
               Vertue
               and
               Gravity
               .
               For
               which
               reason
               Crates
               in
               his
               morose
               humour
               calls
               him
               ,
            
             
               
                 
                   The
                   Eretric
                   Bull.
                   
                
                 
                   Nor
                   is
                   Timon
                   less
                   Satyrical
                   in
                   deriding
                   his
                   compos'd
                   Demeanour
                   .
                   
                     
                       Then
                       rising
                       up
                       ,
                       he
                       knits
                       his
                       beetle
                       Brows
                       ,
                    
                     
                       And
                       gravely
                       humms
                       a
                       lesson
                       through
                       his
                       Nose
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                 
                   However
                   he
                   was
                   a
                   person
                   so
                   awful
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   Eurylochus
                   the
                   Cassandraan
                   was
                   sent
                   for
                   by
                   Antigonus
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   Clippides
                   ,
                   a
                   young
                   Gentleman
                   of
                   Cyzicum
                   ,
                   he
                   refus'd
                   to
                   go
                   ,
                   for
                   fear
                   Menedemus
                   should
                   know
                   it
                   ,
                   for
                   he
                   was
                   quick
                   and
                   severe
                   in
                   his
                   Reprimands
                   .
                   Insomuch
                   that
                   when
                   a
                   young
                   Man
                   behav'd
                   himself
                   with
                   an
                   unbeseeming
                   Insolence
                   before
                   him
                   ,
                   he
                   said
                   nothing
                   ,
                   but
                   with
                   a
                   Reed
                   upon
                   the
                   Pavement
                   he
                   describ'd
                   the
                   Posture
                   of
                   a
                   Boy
                   suffering
                   under
                   male
                   Agitation
                   ,
                   till
                   the
                   young
                   Man
                   perceiving
                   himself
                   to
                   be
                   abus'd
                   in
                   the
                   presence
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   standers
                   by
                   ,
                   sneak'd
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Room
                   ,
                   asham'd
                   of
                   what
                   he
                   had
                   done
                   .
                   Another
                   time
                   ,
                   when
                   Hierocles
                   fell
                   most
                   severely
                   foul
                   upon
                   him
                   in
                   the
                   Pyraeum
                   about
                   Amphiaraus
                   ,
                   and
                   told
                   him
                   several
                   Stories
                   concerning
                   the
                   taking
                   of
                   
                     Eretria
                     :
                     Menedemus
                  
                   said
                   no
                   more
                   ,
                   but
                   only
                   ask'd
                   him
                   ,
                   
                     Wherefore
                     it
                     was
                     that
                  
                   Antigonus
                   
                     so
                     highly
                     extoll'd
                     him
                  
                   ?
                
                 
                   To
                   one
                   that
                   boasted
                   of
                   his
                   Adultery
                   ,
                   
                     Dost
                     thou
                     not
                     know
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     That
                     Radishes
                     contain
                     as
                     good
                     a
                     juice
                     as
                     Coleworts
                     ?
                  
                   To
                   a
                   young
                   Man
                   ,
                   that
                   bawl'd
                   and
                   yaul'd
                   after
                   him
                   ,
                   
                     Have
                     a
                     care
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     lest
                     thou
                     forget
                     for
                     hast
                     what
                     thou
                     hast
                     left
                     behind
                     thee
                     .
                  
                   To
                   Antigonus
                   in
                   a
                   quandary
                   ,
                   whether
                   he
                   should
                   go
                   to
                   a
                   Feast
                   ,
                   where
                   he
                   knew
                   there
                   would
                   be
                   hard
                   drinking
                   ,
                   He
                   said
                   no
                   more
                   
                   than
                   this
                   ,
                   
                     Remember
                     thou
                     art
                     the
                     Son
                     of
                     a
                     King.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   To
                   a
                   stupid
                   fellow
                   that
                   talk'd
                   impertinently
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   
                     Hast
                     thou
                     any
                     Lands
                  
                   ?
                   said
                   he
                   :
                   Who
                   answering
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   had
                   several
                   Farms
                   :
                   
                     Go
                     then
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     and
                     look
                     after
                     'em
                     ,
                     lest
                     thou
                     lose
                     thy
                     wealth
                     ,
                     and
                     com'st
                     to
                     be
                     a
                     poor
                     Fool.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   To
                   one
                   that
                   ask'd
                   his
                   advice
                   ,
                   whether
                   he
                   should
                   marry
                   :
                   
                     Dost
                     thou
                     not
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     take
                     me
                     for
                     a
                     Wise
                     Man
                     ?
                  
                   Who
                   not
                   denying
                   but
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   so
                   ,
                   
                     Why
                     then
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     I
                     am
                     marry'd
                  
                   .
                   To
                   one
                   that
                   affirm'd
                   ,
                   there
                   were
                   many
                   
                     Good
                     Things
                  
                   ,
                   he
                   put
                   the
                   Question
                   ,
                   
                     How
                     many
                     ,
                     and
                     whether
                     he
                     thought
                     there
                     were
                     above
                     a
                     hundred
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   Being
                   invited
                   to
                   a
                   sumptuous
                   Feast
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   a
                   sort
                   of
                   Riot
                   he
                   could
                   never
                   abide
                   ,
                   he
                   said
                   nothing
                   ,
                   but
                   by
                   his
                   silence
                   reprehended
                   the
                   person
                   ,
                   while
                   he
                   was
                   observ'd
                   to
                   take
                   only
                   a
                   few
                   Olives
                   for
                   his
                   own
                   share
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   liberty
                   of
                   speech
                   which
                   he
                   us'd
                   had
                   like
                   to
                   have
                   cost
                   him
                   and
                   his
                   Friend
                   Asclepias
                   their
                   lives
                   at
                   Cyprus
                   ,
                   where
                   he
                   offended
                   Nicocreon
                   :
                   For
                   the
                   King
                   having
                   invited
                   both
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   several
                   other
                   Philosophers
                   to
                   a
                   monthly
                   Festival
                   ,
                   Menedemus
                   could
                   not
                   forbear
                   ,
                   but
                   with
                   his
                   wonted
                   freedom
                   publickly
                   at
                   the
                   Table
                   ,
                   
                     If
                     there
                     be
                     any
                     benefit
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     in
                     such
                     Society
                     ,
                     
                     these
                     Feasts
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     kept
                     every
                     day
                     :
                     If
                     not
                     ,
                     this
                     is
                     now
                     superfluous
                     .
                  
                   To
                   which
                   the
                   Tyrant
                   answering
                   ,
                   That
                   he
                   set
                   apart
                   such
                   leisure
                   Holidays
                   to
                   hear
                   the
                   Philosophers
                   :
                   Menedemus
                   more
                   sharply
                   insisted
                   ,
                   
                     That
                     it
                     behov'd
                     him
                     to
                     hear
                     the
                     Philosophers
                     at
                     all
                     times
                     :
                  
                   Insomuch
                   that
                   they
                   had
                   both
                   dy'd
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   had
                   not
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Musicians
                   given
                   'em
                   private
                   intelligence
                   of
                   the
                   mischief
                   design'd
                   ,
                   and
                   sent
                   'em
                   privately
                   away
                   .
                   Thereupon
                   they
                   presently
                   took
                   shipping
                   ,
                   which
                   gave
                   occasion
                   to
                   Asclepias
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   a
                   violent
                   Storm
                   that
                   rose
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   they
                   were
                   out
                   at
                   Sea
                   ,
                   to
                   complain
                   ,
                   
                     That
                     the
                     Musicians
                     skill
                     had
                     sav'd
                     him
                     ,
                     but
                  
                   Menedemus
                   '
                   
                     s
                     over
                     boldness
                     had
                     lost
                     him
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   He
                   was
                   a
                   person
                   that
                   little
                   regarded
                   any
                   ▪
                   order
                   in
                   his
                   School
                   ;
                   where
                   there
                   were
                   no
                   Benches
                   fix'd
                   round
                   the
                   Room
                   as
                   in
                   a
                   Theatre
                   ,
                   but
                   every
                   one
                   sate
                   or
                   stood
                   as
                   they
                   could
                   find
                   a
                   Place
                   or
                   Seat
                   convenient
                   .
                   Otherwise
                   timorous
                   ,
                   and
                   jealous
                   of
                   his
                   Reputation
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   when
                   Asclepias
                   and
                   he
                   both
                   wrought
                   with
                   a
                   Bricklayer
                   ,
                   and
                   Asclepias
                   never
                   scrupl'd
                   to
                   be
                   seen
                   in
                   his
                   Shirt
                   ,
                   carrying
                   Mortar
                   in
                   a
                   Hodd
                   to
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   the
                   Tiles
                   ,
                   he
                   would
                   always
                   hide
                   himself
                   when
                   any
                   Passenger
                   came
                   by
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   he
                   took
                   upon
                   him
                   the
                   management
                   of
                   Public
                   Affairs
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   so
                   timorous
                   ,
                   
                   that
                   being
                   to
                   put
                   the
                   Incense
                   into
                   the
                   Censor
                   ,
                   he
                   let
                   it
                   fall
                   beside
                   .
                
                 
                   Much
                   about
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   when
                   Crates
                   reproach'd
                   him
                   for
                   medling
                   with
                   the
                   Government
                   ,
                   he
                   order'd
                   him
                   to
                   be
                   carry'd
                   to
                   Prison
                   .
                   Where
                   Crates
                   nevertheless
                   would
                   still
                   watch
                   him
                   as
                   he
                   pass'd
                   to
                   and
                   again
                   ,
                   and
                   taunt
                   him
                   with
                   the
                   Nick-names
                   of
                   Agamemnon
                   ,
                   and
                   Alderman
                   Menedemus
                   :
                   For
                   ,
                   to
                   speak
                   the
                   Truth
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   somewhat
                   addicted
                   to
                   Superstition
                   .
                
                 
                   Another
                   time
                   ,
                   Asclepias
                   and
                   he
                   having
                   din'd
                   in
                   an
                   Inn
                   upon
                   a
                   Dish
                   of
                   flesh
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Proverb
                   is
                   ,
                   of
                   
                   Goda'mighty's
                   Killing
                   ,
                   when
                   Menedemus
                   came
                   to
                   understand
                   it
                   ,
                   he
                   began
                   to
                   grow
                   pale
                   ,
                   and
                   fall
                   a
                   puking
                   ,
                   till
                   Asclepias
                   ,
                   rebuking
                   him
                   severely
                   ,
                   convinced
                   him
                   ,
                   that
                   't
                   was
                   not
                   the
                   flesh
                   ,
                   but
                   his
                   own
                   squeamish
                   conceit
                   that
                   caus'd
                   his
                   illness
                   .
                   But
                   setting
                   these
                   humours
                   aside
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   both
                   Magnanimous
                   and
                   Liberal
                   .
                
                 
                   His
                   habit
                   and
                   condition
                   of
                   Body
                   was
                   the
                   same
                   in
                   his
                   Old
                   Age
                   and
                   in
                   his
                   Youth
                   ,
                   strong
                   and
                   lusty
                   as
                   a
                   Wrestler
                   ;
                   of
                   a
                   swarthy
                   Complexion
                   ;
                   fat
                   and
                   smooth
                   ;
                   of
                   a
                   middle
                   Stature
                   ,
                   as
                   appears
                   by
                   his
                   Statue
                   in
                   the
                   Street
                   call'd
                   the
                   old
                   Stadium
                   in
                   Eretria
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   is
                   carv'd
                   for
                   the
                   nonce
                   ,
                   half
                   naked
                   ,
                   discovering
                   the
                   chiefest
                   parts
                   of
                   his
                   Body
                   .
                   He
                   was
                   a
                   most
                   courteous
                   entertainer
                   of
                   his
                   Friends
                   ;
                   and
                   because
                   
                   Eretria
                   was
                   an
                   unhealthy
                   place
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   wont
                   to
                   feast
                   often
                   .
                   He
                   was
                   a
                   great
                   admirer
                   of
                   
                     Aratus
                     Lycophron
                  
                   the
                   Tragic
                   Poet
                   ,
                   and
                   Antagoras
                   the
                   Rhodian
                   .
                   But
                   Homer
                   was
                   his
                   chiefest
                   delight
                   .
                   The
                   Lyrics
                   he
                   lov'd
                   ,
                   as
                   also
                   Sophocles
                   and
                   Achaeus
                   ,
                   among
                   the
                   Satyrists
                   ;
                   but
                   he
                   preferr'd
                   Aeschylus
                   above
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   .
                   Therefore
                   to
                   those
                   that
                   oppos'd
                   him
                   at
                   the
                   Council
                   Table
                   ,
                   he
                   would
                   always
                   repeat
                   these
                   lines
                   :
                   
                     
                       The
                       swiftest
                       foot
                       in
                       time
                       th'
                       infirm
                       and
                       weak
                       ,
                    
                     
                       And
                       Tortoises
                       may
                       Eagles
                       overtake
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Which
                   was
                   a
                   Sentence
                   of
                   Achaeus
                   ,
                   taken
                   out
                   of
                   his
                   Satyr
                   entitl'd
                   Omphale
                   .
                   So
                   that
                   they
                   were
                   foully
                   mistaken
                   ,
                   who
                   affirm'd
                   that
                   he
                   never
                   read
                   any
                   other
                   Books
                   but
                   
                   Euripides's
                   Medea
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   said
                   by
                   some
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   written
                   by
                   Neophron
                   the
                   Sicyonian
                   .
                   But
                   he
                   slighted
                   his
                   Masters
                   
                     Plato
                     ,
                     Xenocrates
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Parecbates
                   the
                   Cyrenaic
                   .
                   However
                   he
                   was
                   an
                   admirer
                   of
                   Stilpo
                   ;
                   concerning
                   whom
                   the
                   question
                   being
                   once
                   put
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   what
                   his
                   Conditions
                   were
                   ,
                   he
                   only
                   answer'd
                   ,
                   
                     He
                     is
                     liberal
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   he
                   was
                   a
                   person
                   not
                   easily
                   to
                   be
                   understood
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   Disputations
                   an
                   Adversary
                   troublesome
                   to
                   be
                   encounter'd
                   .
                   He
                   was
                   ready
                   upon
                   all
                   subjects
                   ,
                   and
                   furnished
                   with
                   a
                   copious
                   Elegancy
                   of
                   words
                   .
                   
                   Much
                   addicted
                   to
                   Syllogisms
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   he
                   was
                   wont
                   to
                   argue
                   thus
                   .
                   
                     Is
                     one
                     thing
                     different
                     from
                     another
                     ?
                     Yes
                     .
                     Does
                     Profitable
                     differ
                     from
                     Good
                     ?
                     Yes
                     .
                     Therefore
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     good
                     ,
                     is
                     not
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     Profitable
                     .
                  
                   He
                   rejected
                   all
                   Negatives
                   ,
                   making
                   use
                   of
                   Affirmatives
                   only
                   ;
                   and
                   those
                   simple
                   ,
                   not
                   compound
                   ,
                   which
                   he
                   said
                   were
                   intricate
                   and
                   complex'd
                   .
                
                 
                   Heraclides
                   asserts
                   that
                   in
                   his
                   Doctrine
                   and
                   Opinions
                   he
                   was
                   a
                   Platonic
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   he
                   sported
                   with
                   Logic.
                   So
                   that
                   Alexinus
                   asking
                   him
                   whether
                   he
                   had
                   left
                   off
                   beating
                   his
                   Father
                   :
                   He
                   answer'd
                   ,
                   
                     I
                     have
                     neither
                     struck
                     him
                     ,
                     nor
                     have
                     I
                     left
                     off
                     .
                  
                   Upon
                   which
                   the
                   other
                   desiring
                   him
                   to
                   explain
                   himself
                   by
                   saying
                   I
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     No.
                     'T
                     is
                     a
                     ridiculous
                     thing
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     to
                     obey
                     your
                     Laws
                     ,
                     that
                     will
                     permit
                     a
                     Man
                     to
                     brawl
                     and
                     wrangle
                     in
                     the
                     open
                     Market-places
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   He
                   complain'd
                   that
                   Bion
                   murder'd
                   the
                   dead
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   exclaim'd
                   so
                   industriously
                   against
                   the
                   Southsayers
                   .
                
                 
                   Hearing
                   another
                   maintain
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   could
                   be
                   no
                   greater
                   good
                   than
                   for
                   a
                   Man
                   to
                   enjoy
                   whatever
                   he
                   desired
                   :
                   Yes
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     a
                     much
                     greater
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     Man
                     to
                     desire
                     no
                     more
                     than
                     is
                     needful
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Antigonus
                   the
                   Caristyan
                   positively
                   asserts
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   never
                   wrote
                   or
                   compos'd
                   any
                   .
                   Treatise
                   in
                   his
                   life
                   ,
                   nor
                   that
                   he
                   ever
                   
                   set
                   up
                   any
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   as
                   a
                   fundamental
                   Truth
                   :
                   But
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   so
                   obstinate
                   and
                   quarrelsome
                   in
                   his
                   Questions
                   and
                   Interrogatories
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   would
                   never
                   give
                   over
                   till
                   the
                   Blood
                   started
                   out
                   of
                   his
                   Eyes
                   .
                   Yet
                   though
                   he
                   were
                   so
                   passionate
                   in
                   words
                   ,
                   his
                   actions
                   bespake
                   him
                   the
                   meekest
                   Man
                   i'
                   the
                   World.
                   And
                   therefore
                   though
                   Alexinus
                   laught
                   at
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   abus'd
                   him
                   where-ever
                   he
                   met
                   him
                   ,
                   yet
                   he
                   was
                   always
                   kind
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   accompany'd
                   his
                   Wife
                   from
                   Delphos
                   to
                   Chalcis
                   ,
                   because
                   she
                   was
                   afraid
                   of
                   being
                   rob'd
                   upon
                   the
                   Road.
                   He
                   was
                   also
                   a
                   true
                   and
                   constant
                   friend
                   ,
                   as
                   appears
                   by
                   his
                   strict
                   League
                   with
                   Asclepias
                   ,
                   almost
                   as
                   signal
                   as
                   that
                   between
                   Pylades
                   and
                   Orestes
                   .
                   But
                   Asclepias
                   being
                   the
                   Elder
                   ,
                   they
                   liken'd
                   him
                   to
                   the
                   Poet
                   ,
                   and
                   Menedemus
                   to
                   the
                   Actor
                   .
                   And
                   it
                   is
                   reported
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   Archeopolis
                   had
                   once
                   told
                   'em
                   out
                   three
                   thousand
                   pieces
                   of
                   Money
                   ,
                   because
                   there
                   was
                   a
                   friendly
                   dispute
                   who
                   should
                   take
                   first
                   ,
                   neither
                   would
                   touch
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   were
                   both
                   marry'd
                   ,
                   Asclepias
                   to
                   the
                   Daughter
                   ,
                   and
                   Menedemus
                   to
                   the
                   Mother
                   :
                   Moreover
                   they
                   tell
                   us
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   
                   Asclepias's
                   Wife
                   dy'd
                   ,
                   he
                   took
                   his
                   friend
                   
                   Menedemus's
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   he
                   being
                   advanc'd
                   to
                   preferment
                   ,
                   had
                   marry'd
                   another
                   more
                   Noble
                   and
                   Wealthy
                   :
                   However
                   ,
                   because
                   
                   they
                   kept
                   House
                   together
                   ,
                   Menedemus
                   gave
                   his
                   first
                   Wife
                   leave
                   to
                   manage
                   the
                   Family
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   as
                   Asclepias
                   was
                   the
                   Elder
                   ,
                   so
                   he
                   dy'd
                   long
                   before
                   him
                   in
                   Eretria
                   ,
                   being
                   far
                   strick'n
                   in
                   years
                   ,
                   after
                   they
                   had
                   liv'd
                   long
                   and
                   happily
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   so
                   much
                   love
                   ;
                   that
                   when
                   ,
                   sometime
                   after
                   ,
                   a
                   young
                   Lad
                   that
                   had
                   been
                   
                   Asclepias's
                   Minion
                   ,
                   coming
                   to
                   
                   Menedemus's
                   House
                   to
                   a
                   Feast
                   ,
                   was
                   shut
                   out
                   of
                   Doors
                   by
                   his
                   Servants
                   ,
                   he
                   bid
                   'em
                   let
                   him
                   in
                   ,
                   for
                   that
                   Asclepias
                   though
                   dead
                   ,
                   had
                   still
                   the
                   power
                   to
                   open
                   his
                   Doors
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   were
                   also
                   those
                   that
                   supported
                   both
                   ,
                   Hipponicus
                   the
                   Macedonian
                   ,
                   and
                   Agetor
                   the
                   Lamian
                   .
                   Of
                   which
                   the
                   one
                   presented
                   'em
                   with
                   thirty
                   Minas
                   apiece
                   ;
                   and
                   Hipponicus
                   gave
                   two
                   thousand
                   Drachmas
                   to
                   
                   Menedemus's
                   Daughters
                   upon
                   their
                   Marriage
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   he
                   had
                   three
                   by
                   his
                   Wife
                   Oropia
                   ,
                   as
                   Heraclides
                   witnesses
                   .
                
                 
                   His
                   Feasts
                   he
                   order'd
                   after
                   this
                   manner
                   ,
                   first
                   he
                   sate
                   down
                   himself
                   with
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   Friends
                   ,
                   till
                   it
                   grew
                   to
                   be
                   Evening
                   .
                   Then
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Guests
                   were
                   call'd
                   in
                   ,
                   though
                   they
                   had
                   already
                   supp'd
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   if
                   any
                   one
                   came
                   too
                   soon
                   ,
                   they
                   would
                   ask
                   the
                   Servants
                   what
                   was
                   upon
                   the
                   Table
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   long
                   it
                   had
                   stood
                   there
                   ?
                   If
                   only
                   Roots
                   and
                   Sallets
                   ,
                   away
                   
                   they
                   went
                   again
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   either
                   Roast
                   or
                   Boil'd
                   ,
                   they
                   went
                   in
                   .
                   The
                   Guests
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   lay
                   upon
                   Mats
                   ;
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   upon
                   Sheep-skins
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   woolly
                   part
                   upwards
                   ;
                   and
                   every
                   one
                   had
                   his
                   Pillow
                   brought
                   him
                   .
                   The
                   Cup
                   that
                   went
                   about
                   ,
                   contain'd
                   something
                   more
                   than
                   half
                   a
                   Pint.
                   The
                   junkets
                   were
                   Beans
                   and
                   Lupins
                   .
                   Sometimes
                   Pears
                   or
                   Pomgranates
                   ,
                   or
                   dry
                   Figgs
                   .
                   Of
                   all
                   which
                   Lycophron
                   makes
                   mention
                   in
                   his
                   Satyr
                   call'd
                   Menedemus
                   ,
                   where
                   he
                   writes
                   in
                   praise
                   of
                   the
                   Philosopher
                   thus
                   much
                   in
                   part
                   .
                   
                     
                       The
                       Banquet
                       short
                       ,
                       the
                       Cup
                       that
                       went
                       about
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Of
                       moderate
                       size
                       ,
                       was
                       fill'd
                       again
                       ,
                       when
                       out
                       .
                    
                     
                       But
                       the
                       chief
                       junkets
                       that
                       adorn
                       these
                       Feasts
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Were
                       learning's
                       sweet
                       Preserves
                       and
                       harmless
                       Jests
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   He
                   was
                   at
                   first
                   very
                   much
                   contemn'd
                   and
                   slighted
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   the
                   Eretrians
                   frequently
                   abus'd
                   ,
                   who
                   call'd
                   him
                   Curr
                   and
                   mad
                   Man
                   :
                   But
                   afterwards
                   he
                   was
                   so
                   highly
                   admir'd
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   solely
                   intrusted
                   with
                   the
                   Government
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   .
                   He
                   perform'd
                   three
                   Embassies
                   to
                   Ptolomy
                   ,
                   to
                   Lysimachus
                   ,
                   and
                   Demetrius
                   ,
                   highly
                   honour'd
                   where-ever
                   he
                   came
                   .
                   And
                   when
                   the
                   City
                   allow'd
                   him
                   two
                   hundred
                   Talents
                   a
                   year
                   ,
                   he
                   remitted
                   fifty
                   .
                   Being
                   accus'd
                   
                   to
                   Demetrius
                   for
                   designing
                   to
                   betray
                   the
                   City
                   to
                   Ptolomy
                   ,
                   he
                   justify'd
                   himself
                   in
                   an
                   Epistle
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   this
                   was
                   the
                   beginning
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   Menedemus
                   to
                   Demetrius
                   ,
                   Happiness
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   
                     Hear
                     that
                     several
                     stories
                     have
                     been
                     told
                     thee
                     concerning
                     Vs
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   By
                   this
                   Letter
                   he
                   admonishes
                   Demetrius
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   watchful
                   Eye
                   upon
                   Aeschylus
                   ,
                   who
                   was
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   contrary
                   Faction
                   .
                   He
                   seems
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   sent
                   to
                   Demetrius
                   in
                   the
                   behalf
                   of
                   Oropus
                   ,
                   which
                   Embassy
                   was
                   by
                   him
                   manag'd
                   with
                   singular
                   Gravity
                   ,
                   as
                   Euphantus
                   in
                   his
                   History
                   records
                   .
                   Antigonus
                   also
                   had
                   a
                   particular
                   esteem
                   for
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   own'd
                   himself
                   to
                   be
                   his
                   Disciple
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   he
                   had
                   vanquish'd
                   the
                   Barbarians
                   about
                   
                     Lysimachia
                     ,
                     Menedemus
                  
                   sent
                   him
                   a
                   Decree
                   written
                   in
                   a
                   plain
                   Style
                   ,
                   and
                   free
                   from
                   any
                   flattery
                   ,
                   which
                   thus
                   began
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Captains
                     and
                     chief
                     Counsellors
                     to
                     Antigonus
                     .
                     Seeing
                     that
                     King
                     Antigonus
                     ,
                     victorious
                     over
                     the
                     Barbarians
                     ,
                     is
                     now
                     advanc'd
                     to
                     Elia
                     ,
                     prosperous
                     in
                     all
                     things
                     else
                     according
                     to
                     his
                     wishes
                     ,
                     therefore
                     the
                     Senate
                     and
                     People
                     have
                     thought
                     fit
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   This
                   Decree
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   intimate
                   familarity
                   with
                   the
                   King
                   were
                   the
                   Reasons
                   that
                   
                   he
                   was
                   suspected
                   for
                   having
                   a
                   design
                   to
                   betray
                   the
                   City
                   .
                   And
                   being
                   accus'd
                   by
                   Aristodemus
                   ,
                   he
                   retir'd
                   privately
                   to
                   the
                   Temple
                   of
                   Amphiaraus
                   ,
                   in
                   Oropus
                   ,
                   from
                   whence
                   after
                   the
                   loss
                   of
                   the
                   Golden
                   Cups
                   ,
                   as
                   Hermippus
                   relates
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   by
                   the
                   general
                   Decree
                   of
                   the
                   Boeotians
                   ,
                   commanded
                   to
                   depart
                   .
                   Removing
                   therefore
                   from
                   thence
                   with
                   a
                   heavy
                   heart
                   ,
                   he
                   privately
                   return'd
                   into
                   his
                   Country
                   ,
                   sent
                   for
                   his
                   Wife
                   and
                   Children
                   ,
                   and
                   retiring
                   to
                   Antigonus
                   ,
                   under
                   his
                   Protection
                   ended
                   his
                   Days
                   ,
                   for
                   grief
                   and
                   anguish
                   of
                   mind
                   .
                   On
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   Heraclides
                   tells
                   us
                   a
                   story
                   quite
                   contrary
                   ;
                   how
                   that
                   being
                   made
                   President
                   of
                   the
                   Senate
                   ,
                   he
                   freed
                   the
                   Eretrians
                   several
                   times
                   from
                   the
                   attempts
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   affected
                   the
                   Tyranny
                   ,
                   by
                   calling
                   in
                   Demetrius
                   to
                   his
                   assistance
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   therefore
                   it
                   was
                   not
                   likely
                   he
                   should
                   have
                   any
                   design
                   to
                   betray
                   the
                   City
                   to
                   Antigonus
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   a
                   meer
                   Calumny
                   thrown
                   upon
                   him
                   :
                   But
                   that
                   he
                   went
                   to
                   Antigonus
                   with
                   another
                   design
                   ,
                   was
                   true
                   ;
                   for
                   when
                   he
                   could
                   not
                   prevail
                   with
                   him
                   to
                   set
                   his
                   Country
                   at
                   liberty
                   ,
                   he
                   abstained
                   from
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Food
                   for
                   seven
                   days
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   ended
                   his
                   life
                   .
                   And
                   this
                   is
                   also
                   testified
                   by
                   Antigonus
                   the
                   Carystian
                   .
                   Only
                   against
                   Persaeus
                   he
                   profess'd
                   an
                   inexorable
                   hatred
                   ;
                   for
                   when
                   Antigonus
                   
                   would
                   have
                   restor'd
                   to
                   the
                   Eretrians
                   ,
                   their
                   former
                   Republican
                   Government
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   sake
                   of
                   Menedemus
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   the
                   only
                   Person
                   that
                   disswaded
                   him
                   .
                   For
                   which
                   reason
                   Menedemus
                   bitterly
                   incens'd
                   against
                   him
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   hearing
                   of
                   a
                   full
                   Assembly
                   ,
                   at
                   a
                   great
                   Feast
                   .
                   
                     'T
                     is
                     true
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     he
                     is
                     a
                     Philosopher
                     ,
                     but
                     of
                     all
                     Men
                     that
                     are
                     ,
                     or
                     ever
                     were
                     ,
                     or
                     ever
                     will
                     be
                     ,
                     assuredly
                     the
                     most
                     vile
                     and
                     wicked
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   He
                   dy'd
                   (
                   according
                   to
                   Heraclides
                   )
                   in
                   the
                   seventy
                   third
                   year
                   of
                   his
                   Age.
                   Nor
                   could
                   we
                   chuse
                   but
                   dedicate
                   this
                   Epigram
                   to
                   his
                   memory
                   .
                   
                     
                       When
                       first
                       (
                       Great
                       Menedemus
                       )
                       loudest
                       Fame
                    
                     
                       Did
                       to
                       our
                       Ears
                       thy
                       sudden
                       End
                       proclaim
                       ;
                    
                     
                       How
                       thou
                       morose
                       ,
                       and
                       sternly
                       obstinate
                       ,
                    
                     
                       By
                       Abstinence
                       did'st
                       hasten
                       on
                       thy
                       Fate
                       ,
                    
                     
                       It
                       was
                       no
                       more
                       ,
                       't
                       is
                       true
                       ,
                       than
                       what
                       thy
                       Sect
                    
                     
                       Allow'd
                       ;
                       however
                       't
                       was
                       a
                       weak
                       Defect
                    
                     
                       Of
                       Noble
                       Courage
                       in
                       a
                       Man
                       so
                       rare
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Not
                       to
                       be
                       able
                       to
                       withstand
                       Despair
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   And
                   thus
                   much
                   for
                   the
                   Socratics
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   descended
                   from
                   them
                   .
                   We
                   come
                   now
                   to
                   Plato
                   ,
                   who
                   founded
                   the
                   Academy
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   those
                   of
                   his
                   Followers
                   ,
                   who
                   were
                   most
                   transcendent
                   in
                   Learning
                   and
                   Eloquence
                   .
                
              
            
             
               The
               End
               of
               the
               Second
               Book
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             
               Diogenes
               Laertius
            
             ,
             Containing
             the
             Lives
             ,
             Opinions
             ,
             and
             Sayings
             Of
             the
             most
             Famous
             PHILOSOPHERS
             .
          
           
             The
             Third
             Book
             ,
          
           
             Translated
             from
             the
             Greek
             by
             
               E.
               Smith
            
             ,
             M.
             A.
             
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               PLATO
               .
            
             
               PLATO
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Aristo
               ,
               and
               Perictione
               ,
               or
               Potona
               ,
               was
               Born
               at
               Athens
               ,
               his
               Mother
               being
               descended
               from
               the
               Race
               of
               Solon
               .
               For
               the
               Brother
               of
               Solon
               was
               Dropides
               ,
               from
               whom
               Critias
               ,
               the
               Father
               of
               Calaeschrus
               ,
               whose
               Son
               was
               Critias
               also
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               thirty
               Tyrants
               ,
               the
               Father
               of
               Glauco
               ,
               from
               
               whom
               Charmides
               and
               Perictione
               ,
               of
               whom
               and
               
                 Aristo
                 ,
                 Plato
              
               was
               the
               Son
               ,
               being
               the
               sixth
               from
               Solon
               ,
               who
               deriv'd
               his
               Pedigree
               from
               Neleus
               and
               Neptune
               .
               His
               Father
               also
               is
               said
               to
               have
               deduc'd
               his
               Original
               from
               Codrus
               the
               Son
               of
               Melanthus
               ,
               who
               in
               like
               manner
               boasted
               his
               Descent
               from
               Neptune
               ,
               as
               Thrasylus
               testifies
               .
            
             
               Speusippus
               also
               ,
               in
               
               Plato's
               Book
               entitl'd
               
                 Th●
                 Supper
                 ;
                 Clearchus
              
               in
               praise
               of
               Plato
               ;
               and
               Anaxilides
               in
               his
               Lives
               of
               the
               Philosophers
               tell
               us
               how
               the
               story
               went
               ,
               that
               Aristo
               inflam'd
               with
               
               Perictione's
               Beauty
               ▪
               would
               have
               ravish'd
               her
               .
               But
               finding
               too
               great
               a
               Resistance
               ,
               and
               warn'd
               by
               Apollo
               in
               his
               sleep
               ,
               he
               then
               courted
               her
               to
               the
               chast
               embraces
               of
               Wedlock
               .
               So
               that
               Plato
               was
               born
               ,
               according
               to
               Apollodorus
               in
               his
               Chronicle
               ,
               in
               the
               eighty
               eighth
               Olympiad
               ,
               in
               the
               Month
               of
               April
               ,
               the
               same
               day
               that
               Apollo
               came
               into
               the
               World
               ,
               by
               the
               supputation
               of
               the
               Delians
               :
               And
               dy'd
               ,
               as
               Hermippus
               reports
               ,
               in
               the
               first
               year
               of
               the
               hundred
               and
               eighth
               Olympiad
               ,
               being
               at
               that
               time
               fourscore
               and
               one
               years
               of
               Age
               ,
               and
               designing
               to
               marry
               another
               Wife
               .
               Though
               Neauthes
               affirms
               him
               to
               have
               been
               fourscore
               and
               four
               years
               old
               at
               the
               time
               of
               his
               decease
               .
               So
               that
               he
               was
               six
               years
               younger
               than
               Isocrates
               .
               For
               that
               he
               was
               born
               under
               Lysimachus
               ,
               but
               
               Plato
               under
               the
               Government
               of
               Aminias
               ,
               about
               which
               time
               Pericles
               also
               dy'd
               .
               Then
               for
               his
               most
               familiar
               and
               intimate
               Acquaintance
               ,
               Collyteus
               is
               number'd
               among
               the
               chiefest
               by
               Antileo
               ,
               in
               his
               second
               Book
               ,
               
                 De
                 Temporibus
              
               .
            
             
               Others
               there
               are
               ,
               who
               report
               him
               to
               have
               been
               born
               in
               Aegina
               ,
               in
               the
               House
               of
               Phidiaedes
               ,
               who
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Thales
               (
               as
               Phavorinus
               records
               in
               his
               Various
               History
               )
               his
               Father
               being
               sent
               ,
               with
               others
               ,
               about
               the
               Division
               of
               certain
               Lands
               ,
               and
               returning
               to
               Athens
               ,
               when
               they
               were
               expell'd
               by
               the
               Lacedaemonians
               ,
               who
               assisted
               the
               Aeginenses
               .
               He
               is
               also
               said
               to
               have
               gratify'd
               the
               People
               of
               Athens
               with
               several
               pompous
               Shews
               and
               Interludes
               ,
               at
               the
               expences
               of
               Dio
               ,
               as
               Athenodorus
               relates
               .
               He
               had
               two
               Brothers
               Adimantus
               and
               Glaucus
               ,
               and
               a
               Sister
               named
               Pot●ma
               ,
               the
               Mother
               of
               Speusippus
               ,
               and
               was
               taught
               his
               first
               Rudiments
               of
               Learning
               by
               Dionysius
               ,
               of
               whom
               he
               makes
               mention
               in
               his
               Anterastae
               ;
               and
               he
               perform'd
               his
               Wrestling
               Exercises
               under
               Aristo
               of
               Argos
               ,
               by
               whom
               for
               his
               lovely
               Shape
               and
               Proportion
               ,
               he
               was
               called
               Plato
               ,
               whereas
               before
               he
               had
               been
               nam'd
               Aristocles
               ,
               from
               the
               name
               of
               his
               Grandfather
               ,
               as
               Alexander
               relates
               in
               his
               Successions
               .
               Though
               ●thers
               will
               have
               him
               to
               be
               so
               call'd
               from
               his
               broad
               manner
               of
               
               Pronunciation
               ;
               or
               else
               from
               the
               breadth
               of
               his
               fore-head
               ▪
               according
               to
               Neanthes
               .
               Others
               report
               him
               to
               have
               been
               a
               great
               Wrestler
               at
               the
               Isthmian
               Games
               ;
               among
               whom
               was
               Dicaearchus
               in
               his
               Book
               of
               Lives
               ;
               also
               that
               he
               was
               addicted
               to
               Painting
               and
               Poetry
               ;
               and
               that
               first
               he
               wrote
               Dithyrambies
               ,
               afterwards
               Odes
               and
               Tragedies
               .
               His
               voice
               was
               but
               shrill
               ,
               and
               somewhat
               effeminate
               ,
               as
               Timotheus
               the
               Athenian
               relates
               of
               him
               in
               his
               
                 Book
                 of
                 Lives
              
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               that
               Socrates
               should
               dream
               ,
               that
               a
               Cygnet
               newly
               hatch'd
               came
               and
               sate
               down
               upon
               his
               knees
               ;
               and
               that
               the
               wings
               of
               the
               Bird
               growing
               out
               of
               a
               sudden
               ,
               she
               flew
               away
               ,
               sweetly
               singing
               in
               her
               flight
               :
               The
               next
               day
               ,
               Plato
               being
               brought
               to
               him
               by
               his
               Father
               ,
               he
               cry'd
               out
               ,
               
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 Bird
                 which
                 I
                 dreamt
                 of
                 .
              
            
             
               He
               began
               to
               divulge
               his
               Philosophy
               first
               in
               the
               Academy
               ▪
               then
               in
               the
               Garden
               adjoyning
               to
               Colonus
               ,
               as
               Alexander
               relates
               from
               the
               Testimony
               of
               Heraclitus
               .
               Then
               resolving
               a
               contest
               in
               Tragedy
               ,
               before
               the
               Dionysian
               Theatre
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               heard
               Socrates
               ,
               he
               threw
               his
               Poems
               in
               the
               fire
               ,
               crying
               out
               ,
            
             
               Hast
               ,
               Vulcan
               ,
               hith●●
               ,
               Plato
               
                 wants
                 thy
                 aid
              
               .
            
             
             
               And
               from
               that
               time
               forward
               ,
               being
               then
               twenty
               years
               of
               age
               ,
               he
               became
               a
               Hearer
               of
               Socrates
               .
               After
               whose
               decease
               he
               stuck
               to
               Cratylus
               ,
               the
               Disciple
               of
               Heraclitus
               ,
               and
               Hermogenes
               ,
               who
               maintain'd
               the
               Philosophy
               of
               Parmenides
               .
            
             
               When
               he
               arriv'd
               at
               eight
               and
               twenty
               years
               of
               age
               ,
               according
               to
               Hermodorus
               ,
               together
               with
               some
               other
               Socratics
               ,
               he
               betook
               himself
               to
               Megara
               ,
               where
               he
               admir'd
               and
               follow'd
               Euclid
               ;
               from
               whence
               he
               departed
               for
               Cyrene
               ,
               to
               hear
               Theodorus
               the
               Mathematician
               ,
               and
               from
               thence
               he
               travell'd
               into
               Italy
               ,
               to
               the
               
                 Pythagoreans
                 ,
                 Philolaus
              
               and
               Eurytus
               :
               Thence
               into
               Aegypt
               ,
               where
               he
               associated
               with
               the
               Priests
               and
               Prophets
               ,
               whither
               it
               is
               also
               reported
               ,
               that
               Enripides
               accompany'd
               him
               ,
               and
               falling
               sick
               ,
               was
               by
               the
               Priests
               cured
               with
               a
               Salt-water
               Medicine
               ,
               which
               occasion'd
               that
               verse
               of
               his
               ,
               
                 
                   —
                   
                     The
                     briny
                     Ocean
                     scoures
                     away
                  
                
                 
                   All
                   the
                   Distempers
                   that
                   on
                   Mortals
                   prey
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Moreover
               ,
               with
               
                 Homer
                 ▪
              
               he
               affirm'd
               ,
               that
               all
               the
               Egyptians
               were
               Physicians
               .
               Plato
               had
               also
               design'd
               to
               have
               visited
               the
               Magi
               ,
               but
               the
               Wars
               ,
               breaking
               forth
               in
               Asia
               ,
               forc'd
               him
               to
               desist
               from
               his
               purpose
               .
               Returning
               therefore
               to
               Athens
               ,
               he
               continu'd
               
               in
               the
               Academy
               .
               This
               was
               a
               pleasant
               place
               in
               the
               Suburbs
               shaded
               with
               Trees
               ,
               and
               so
               call'd
               from
               a
               certain
               Hero
               ,
               whose
               name
               was
               Academus
               ,
               of
               whom
               Eupolis
               makes
               mention
               in
               his
               Astrateuti
               .
               
                 
                   In
                   those
                   delightful
                   shades
                   ,
                   the
                   sweet
                   abode
                
                 
                   Of
                   Academus
                   ,
                   now
                   a
                   Semi-God
                   .
                
              
            
             
               And
               Timon
               also
               ,
               speaking
               of
               Plato
               ,
               thus
               writes
               .
               
                 
                   But
                   above
                   all
                   ,
                   was
                   Plato
                   ,
                   still
                   allow'd
                
                 
                   To
                   be
                   the
                   Captain
                   of
                   the
                   Charming
                   Croud
                   ;
                
                 
                   Upon
                   his
                   Lips
                   the
                   Charms
                   of
                   Eloquence
                
                 
                   In
                   Clusters
                   hung
                   ,
                   sweet
                   words
                   ,
                   and
                   sublime
                   Sence
                   .
                
                 
                   More
                   tunef●l
                   notes
                   ne'er
                   chirp'd
                   the
                   Grass-hoppers
                
                 
                   In
                   Hecademian
                   Groves
                   ,
                   to
                   list'ning
                   Ears
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   in
                   those
                   Groves
                   was
                   Plato
                   wont
                   to
                   sing
                   ,
                
                 
                   Out-charming
                   all
                   the
                   Music
                   of
                   the
                   Spring
                   .
                
              
            
             
               For
               formerly
               the
               same
               place
               was
               call'd
               Hecademia
               ,
               with
               an
               Epsilon
               .
            
             
               That
               our
               Philosopher
               was
               a
               friend
               to
               Isocrates
               ,
               appears
               also
               from
               hence
               ,
               for
               that
               Polyxenus
               has
               committed
               to
               writing
               a
               certain
               discourse
               concerning
               the
               Poets
               ,
               that
               happen'd
               while
               Isocrates
               continu'd
               with
               Plato
               at
               his
               Country-House
               .
               And
               
               Aristoxenus
               farther
               asserts
               that
               he
               was
               three
               times
               a
               Souldier
               ,
               once
               in
               the
               Expedition
               to
               Tanagra
               ,
               a
               second
               time
               in
               the
               War
               with
               Corinth
               ,
               and
               lastly
               at
               the
               Delian
               Conflict
               ,
               when
               he
               won
               the
               Victory
               .
            
             
               He
               made
               a
               mixture
               of
               the
               Opinions
               of
               the
               Heraclitans
               ,
               the
               Pythagoreans
               ,
               and
               the
               Socratics
               ,
               and
               as
               to
               those
               things
               which
               appertain'd
               to
               the
               sense
               ,
               he
               held
               with
               Heraclitus
               ;
               where
               the
               understanding
               was
               concern'd
               ,
               he
               adher'd
               to
               Pythagoras
               ;
               but
               in
               Ethics
               and
               Politics
               he
               follow'd
               Socrates
               .
               Some
               there
               are
               ,
               and
               among
               the
               rest
               Satyrus
               ,
               who
               affirm
               ,
               that
               he
               sent
               into
               Sicily
               ,
               to
               Dio
               ,
               a
               hundred
               Minas
               to
               purchase
               of
               Philolaus
               three
               Pythagorical
               Books
               for
               his
               own
               use
               .
               For
               he
               was
               then
               full
               of
               money
               ,
               having
               receiv'd
               from
               Dionysius
               above
               fourscore
               Talents
               ,
               as
               Onetor
               testifies
               in
               his
               Treatise
               entitl'd
               ,
               
                 Whether
                 a
                 Wise
                 Man
                 should
                 be
                 Rich.
              
               For
               many
               other
               things
               he
               was
               also
               beholding
               to
               Epicharmus
               the
               Comedian
               ,
               most
               of
               whose
               Writings
               he
               transcrib'd
               ,
               as
               Alcimus
               assures
               us
               in
               his
               Books
               that
               he
               wrote
               to
               Amyntas
               ,
               which
               are
               four
               in
               number
               :
               In
               the
               first
               of
               which
               he
               runs
               on
               in
               these
               words
               ,
               It
               is
               apparent
               ,
               says
               he
               ,
               that
               Plato
               took
               many
               things
               out
               of
               Epicharmus
               .
               
                 As
                 for
                 Example
                 ,
                 Sensible
                 ,
                 says
                 Plato
                 ,
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 never
                 continues
                 permanent
                 either
                 in
                 Quality
                 or
                 
                 Quantity
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 also
                 perpetually
                 flowing
                 ,
                 and
                 lyable
                 to
                 the
                 inconstancy
                 of
                 Change.
                 As
                 if
                 we
                 should
                 substract
                 Number
                 out
                 of
                 those
                 things
                 which
                 are
                 neither
                 equal
                 nor
                 such
                 ,
                 nor
                 subjected
                 to
                 Quantity
                 or
                 Quality
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 are
                 such
                 things
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 continual
                 Generation
                 ;
                 but
                 never
                 any
                 Substance
                 .
                 Intelligible
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 neither
                 encreases
                 or
                 diminishes
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 things
                 Sempiternal
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 always
                 alike
                 ,
                 and
                 ever
                 the
                 same
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 That
                 the
                 Soul
                 did
                 apprehend
                 some
                 things
                 by
                 the
                 Help
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 happen'd
                 in
                 Seeing
                 and
                 Hearing
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 understanding
                 of
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 she
                 needed
                 no
                 assistance
                 of
                 Corporeal
                 Organs
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 endu'd
                 with
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Penetration
                 of
                 her self
                 .
                 Which
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 Plato
                 ,
                 from
                 Epicharmus
                 affirms
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 who
                 have
                 a
                 desire
                 to
                 collect
                 the
                 Beginnings
                 and
                 Principles
                 of
                 the
                 Whole
                 ,
                 must
                 first
                 make
                 a
                 distribution
                 of
                 the
                 several
                 Ideas
                 by
                 themselves
                 ;
                 as
                 
                   Likeness
                   ,
                   Vnity
                   ,
                   Multitude
                   ,
                   Magnitude
                   ,
                   Rest
                
                 and
                 Motion
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 next
                 place
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 consider
                 
                   Honest
                   ,
                   Good
                
                 and
                 Just
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 by
                 themselves
                 .
              
            
             
               Thirdly
               ,
               
                 It
                 behoves
                 him
                 to
                 compare
                 the
                 Ideas
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 observe
                 which
                 have
                 the
                 truest
                 Agreement
                 and
                 
                 Correspondence
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ;
                 as
                 
                   Knowledge
                   ,
                   Magnitude
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 Dominion
                 ●
                 As
                 likewise
                 ,
                 whether
                 those
                 things
                 which
                 are
                 existing
                 in
                 our selves
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 that
                 we
                 partake
                 of
                 their
                 Qualities
                 ,
                 are
                 Homonymous
                 to
                 those
                 other
                 things
                 ?
                 For
                 example
                 ,
                 just
                 things
                 are
                 those
                 that
                 partake
                 of
                 Justice
                 :
                 honest
                 ,
                 that
                 partake
                 of
                 Honesty
                 .
                 Now
                 every
                 Species
                 is
                 Eternal
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 understanding
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 is
                 void
                 of
                 all
                 Perturbation
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 the
                 Ideas
                 subsist
                 in
                 Nature
                 ,
                 like
                 so
                 many
                 Exemplars
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 for
                 those
                 other
                 things
                 which
                 are
                 like
                 to
                 these
                 ,
                 they
                 subsist
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 nearest
                 resemblance
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 Epicharmus
                 discourses
                 of
                 Good
                 and
                 of
                 Ideas
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 .
                 Can
                 playing
                 on
                 the
                 Flute
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 any
                 thing
                 ?
                 Most
                 surely
                 .
                 Why
                 then
                 ,
                 playing
                 upon
                 the
                 Flute
                 is
                 a
                 Man.
                 Not
                 so
                 neither
                 .
                 Go
                 too
                 then
                 :
                 Dost
                 not
                 thou
                 think
                 a
                 player
                 upon
                 a
                 Flute
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Man
                 ?
                 Most
                 certainly
                 .
                 And
                 does
                 not
                 the
                 same
                 Argument
                 hold
                 concerning
                 Good
                 ?
                 This
                 is
                 Good
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 the
                 Thing
                 ;
                 which
                 he
                 who
                 studies
                 by
                 it self
                 shall
                 become
                 Good.
                 For
                 as
                 he
                 that
                 pipes
                 is
                 call'd
                 a
                 Piper
                 ,
                 he
                 that
                 dances
                 ,
                 a
                 Dancer
                 ;
                 so
                 whoever
                 he
                 be
                 that
                 learns
                 any
                 other
                 Art
                 or
                 Mystery
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 call'd
                 the
                 Art
                 it self
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Artificer
                 that
                 professes
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
             
               Plato
               in
               his
               Treatise
               of
               Ideas
               thus
               reasons
               :
               
                 If
                 there
                 be
                 such
                 a
                 thing
                 as
                 Memory
                 ,
                 the
                 Ideas
                 have
                 their
                 Being
                 in
                 the
                 several
                 Entities
                 ;
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 memory
                 relates
                 to
                 something
                 that
                 is
                 sedate
                 and
                 permanent
                 .
                 For
                 how
                 ,
                 adds
                 he
                 ,
                 could
                 living
                 Creatures
                 be
                 preserv'd
                 ,
                 had
                 they
                 not
                 annex'd
                 to
                 themselves
                 their
                 several
                 Ideas
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 endu'd
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Natural
                   Intelligence
                
                 .
                 Now
                 they
                 carry
                 in
                 their
                 memories
                 their
                 Similitude
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 nourishment
                 ,
                 whatever
                 it
                 be
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 proper
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 .
                 Which
                 shews
                 that
                 the
                 Contemplation
                 of
                 Similitude
                 is
                 inherent
                 to
                 all
                 Creatures
                 by
                 Natural
                 Instinct
                 :
                 By
                 which
                 means
                 they
                 understand
                 themselves
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 kind
                 .
              
            
             
               Moreover
               Epicharmus
               asserts
               ,
               That
               wisdom
               does
               not
               predominate
               altogether
               in
               one
               kind
               ,
               but
               that
               all
               living
               Creatures
               have
               a
               certain
               Sence
               and
               Notion
               of
               themselves
               .
               And
               thus
               ,
               if
               we
               first
               observe
               the
               Hen
               ,
               she
               does
               not
               bring
               forth
               live
               Chick'ns
               ,
               but
               first
               she
               lays
               the
               Eggs
               ,
               then
               sits
               and
               enlivens
               her
               young
               ones
               with
               her
               natural
               Heat
               .
               Now
               this
               is
               a
               sort
               of
               Wisdom
               which
               only
               nature
               infuses
               and
               teaches
               .
               
                 Therefore
                 it
                 is
                 no
                 wonder
                 that
                 all
                 Creatures
                 associate
                 with
                 their
                 Like
                 ,
                 and
                 think
                 their
                 Productions
                 fairest
                 .
                 For
                 a
                 Dogg
                 
                 is
                 to
                 a
                 Dog
                 most
                 beautiful
                 ,
                 the
                 Cow
                 to
                 the
                 Cow
                 ,
                 the
                 Ass
                 to
                 the
                 Ass
                 ,
                 and
                 Swineherd
                 together
                 ,
                 as
                 admiring
                 their
                 own
                 kind
                 above
                 all
                 others
                 .
              
            
             
               These
               ,
               and
               several
               other
               Passages
               of
               this
               nature
               are
               recited
               by
               Alcimus
               in
               his
               four
               Books
               ,
               to
               shew
               how
               much
               Plato
               was
               indebted
               to
               Epicharmus
               .
               Now
               that
               Epicharmus
               was
               not
               ignorant
               of
               
               Plato's
               ingenuity
               ,
               may
               be
               conjectur'd
               from
               hence
               ,
               that
               he
               does
               as
               it
               were
               prophesie
               ,
               that
               he
               would
               be
               his
               Emulator
               ,
               in
               these
               words
               :
               
                 I
                 am
                 of
                 opinion
                 ,
                 says
                 he
                 ,
                 nay
                 more
                 ,
                 I
                 am
                 well
                 confirm'd
                 ,
                 such
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 remembrance
                 of
                 my
                 Words
                 and
                 Sentences
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 one
                 person
                 or
                 other
                 will
                 entertain
                 'em
                 in
                 this
                 rude
                 dress
                 ,
                 and
                 attiring
                 'em
                 in
                 more
                 pompous
                 Colours
                 ,
                 will
                 himself
                 ,
                 insuperable
                 ,
                 become
                 a
                 Victor
                 over
                 many
                 others
                 .
              
            
             
               Moreover
               there
               is
               good
               reason
               to
               believe
               ,
               that
               Plato
               was
               the
               first
               who
               brought
               the
               writings
               of
               Sophron
               the
               Mimic
               into
               Athens
               ,
               and
               fram'd
               his
               own
               Gestures
               and
               Postures
               from
               thence
               ;
               for
               that
               the
               Books
               were
               found
               under
               his
               Pillow
               .
            
             
               He
               made
               three
               Voyages
               into
               Sicily
               ;
               the
               first
               only
               to
               see
               the
               Island
               ,
               and
               the
               Rarities
               that
               made
               it
               famous
               ;
               when
               Dionisius
               the
               Tyrant
               ,
               and
               Son
               of
               Hermocrates
               ,
               compell'd
               him
               to
               a
               Conference
               .
               At
               
               what
               time
               ,
               when
               he
               discours'd
               concerning
               Tyranny
               ,
               and
               alledg'd
               ,
               That
               what
               was
               profitable
               to
               him
               alone
               ,
               made
               little
               or
               nothing
               for
               his
               advantage
               ,
               unless
               he
               excell'd
               in
               vertue
               ;
               the
               Tyrant
               growing
               angry
               ,
               
                 Thou
                 talk'st
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 like
                 an
                 old
                 doating
                 Fool
              
               :
               To
               whom
               
                 Plato
                 ,
                 And
                 thou
                 like
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 .
              
               Which
               so
               enrag'd
               the
               Potentate
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               about
               to
               have
               put
               him
               to
               Death
               ;
               but
               altering
               his
               resolution
               ,
               at
               the
               Intercession
               of
               Dio
               ,
               and
               Aristomenes
               ,
               he
               gave
               him
               to
               Polis
               ,
               then
               Ambassador
               from
               the
               Lacedaemonians
               ,
               to
               sell
               him
               for
               a
               Slave
               ;
               who
               carry'd
               him
               to
               Aegina
               ,
               and
               there
               sold
               him
               .
               At
               what
               time
               Charmander
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Charmandrides
               ,
               prosecuted
               him
               for
               his
               Life
               ,
               having
               indicted
               him
               upon
               a
               Statute
               in
               force
               among
               the
               Islanders
               ,
               That
               the
               first
               Athenian
               that
               landed
               in
               the
               Island
               should
               dye
               without
               mercy
               .
               But
               upon
               the
               saying
               of
               some
               body
               ,
               though
               by
               way
               of
               a
               jeer
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               a
               Philosopher
               ,
               he
               was
               dismiss'd
               .
            
             
               Others
               affirm
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               brought
               into
               Court
               ;
               where
               being
               observ'd
               not
               to
               speak
               a
               word
               in
               his
               own
               defence
               ,
               but
               stand
               as
               one
               couragiously
               resolv'd
               to
               suffer
               whatever
               happen'd
               ,
               they
               determin'd
               not
               to
               kill
               him
               ,
               but
               to
               sell
               him
               as
               a
               Captive
               taken
               in
               War.
               When
               by
               good
               fortune
               Aniceris
               the
               Cyrenean
               ,
               being
               then
               in
               
               the
               City
               ,
               redeem'd
               him
               for
               twenty
               ,
               as
               others
               say
               ,
               thirty
               Minas
               ,
               and
               sent
               him
               back
               to
               Athens
               among
               his
               Friends
               ,
               who
               immedintely
               remitted
               the
               Money
               back
               to
               Aniceris
               .
               But
               he
               refus'd
               to
               take
               it
               ,
               saying
               withal
               ,
               That
               they
               were
               not
               the
               only
               persons
               that
               were
               worthy
               to
               take
               care
               of
               Plato
               .
               Others
               say
               ,
               that
               Dio
               sent
               the
               money
               to
               Aniceris
               ,
               which
               he
               refus'd
               to
               make
               any
               other
               use
               of
               ,
               than
               for
               the
               purchace
               of
               a
               little
               Garden
               for
               himself
               in
               the
               Academy
               .
               As
               for
               Polis
               he
               was
               overthrown
               by
               Chabrias
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               drown'd
               in
               the
               River
               Helice
               ,
               at
               what
               time
               a
               certain
               Daemon
               appear'd
               to
               him
               ,
               and
               told
               him
               ,
               he
               suffer'd
               those
               misfortunes
               for
               the
               Philosopher's
               sake
               ;
               as
               Phavorinus
               reports
               in
               his
               Commentaries
               .
               Nor
               could
               Dionysius
               be
               at
               rest
               ,
               but
               understanding
               what
               had
               befallen
               him
               ,
               he
               wrote
               to
               Plato
               ,
               desiring
               him
               not
               to
               reproach
               him
               with
               what
               he
               had
               done
               :
               To
               whom
               Plato
               return'd
               for
               answer
               ,
               
                 That
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 leisure
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 think
                 of
              
               Dionysius
               .
            
             
               His
               second
               Voyage
               was
               to
               the
               younger
               Dionysius
               ;
               of
               whom
               he
               requested
               a
               parcel
               of
               Land
               ,
               and
               a
               certain
               number
               of
               People
               to
               live
               under
               such
               a
               Common-wealth
               as
               he
               should
               Erect
               .
               Which
               though
               Dionysius
               promis'd
               him
               ,
               he
               never
               was
               so
               good
               as
               his
               word
               .
               More
               than
               that
               ,
               as
               
               some
               say
               ,
               he
               had
               like
               to
               have
               run
               the
               hazard
               of
               his
               life
               for
               tampering
               with
               Dio
               and
               Theotas
               to
               recover
               the
               former
               liberty
               of
               the
               Island
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               ,
               Archytas
               the
               Pythagorean
               ,
               in
               an
               Epistle
               to
               Dionysius
               ,
               clearing
               him
               of
               that
               suspicion
               ,
               sav'd
               him
               from
               the
               danger
               ;
               so
               that
               he
               was
               sent
               back
               to
               Athens
               .
               The
               purport
               of
               which
               Epistle
               was
               this
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   Archytas
                   to
                   Dionysius
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     ALl
                     of
                     us
                     here
                     ,
                     who
                     are
                     
                     Plato's
                     friends
                     ,
                     have
                     sent
                     to
                     thee
                     Lamiscus
                     and
                     Photidas
                     ,
                     desiring
                     thee
                     to
                     restore
                     his
                     Person
                     to
                     us
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     sake
                     of
                     that
                     Ancient
                     friendship
                     that
                     is
                     between
                     us
                     .
                     Suffer
                     him
                     therefore
                     to
                     return
                     ,
                     for
                     thou
                     wilt
                     do
                     well
                     to
                     call
                     to
                     mind
                     ,
                     how
                     earnestly
                     thou
                     didst
                     invite
                     him
                     to
                     thy
                     Court
                     ;
                     which
                     was
                     the
                     reason
                     that
                     we
                     importun'd
                     him
                     to
                     take
                     the
                     Voyage
                     ,
                     upon
                     thy
                     promise
                     that
                     he
                     should
                     have
                     free
                     liberty
                     to
                     come
                     and
                     go
                     .
                     Remember
                     therefore
                     ,
                     how
                     much
                     thou
                     didst
                     desire
                     his
                     coming
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     high
                     esteem
                     thou
                     then
                     hadst
                     of
                     him
                     .
                     If
                     there
                     have
                     been
                     any
                     Errour
                     or
                     Mistake
                     committed
                     ,
                     shew
                     thy
                     humanity
                     and
                     restore
                     him
                     to
                     us
                     untouch'd
                     .
                     So
                     shalt
                     thou
                     do
                     justly
                     ,
                     and
                     gratifie
                     thy
                     Friends
                     .
                  
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   third
                   Voyage
                   he
                   made
                   was
                   to
                   reconcile
                   Dionysius
                   to
                   Dio.
                   But
                   not
                   prevailing
                   ,
                   he
                   return'd
                   home
                   again
                   ;
                   where
                   he
                   refus'd
                   to
                   meddle
                   with
                   publick
                   business
                   ,
                   though
                   a
                   great
                   States-man
                   ,
                   as
                   his
                   writings
                   declare
                   .
                   Of
                   which
                   the
                   main
                   reason
                   was
                   ,
                   because
                   he
                   found
                   the
                   People
                   had
                   been
                   long
                   accustom'd
                   to
                   Laws
                   and
                   Constitutions
                   that
                   did
                   not
                   correspond
                   with
                   his
                   frame
                   of
                   Government
                   .
                   Pamphile
                   also
                   relates
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Arcadians
                   and
                   Thebans
                   built
                   a
                   large
                   City
                   ;
                   which
                   when
                   they
                   had
                   finish'd
                   ,
                   they
                   sent
                   for
                   Plato
                   to
                   be
                   their
                   Lawgiver
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   prescribe
                   'em
                   a
                   Form
                   of
                   a
                   Common-wealth
                   ;
                   but
                   then
                   understanding
                   that
                   they
                   hated
                   Equality
                   ,
                   he
                   refus'd
                   to
                   go
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   reported
                   that
                   he
                   follow'd
                   Chabrias
                   the
                   General
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   fled
                   from
                   Condemnation
                   ,
                   at
                   what
                   time
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   his
                   fellow
                   Citizens
                   declin'd
                   his
                   adversity
                   :
                   And
                   when
                   Cobryas
                   the
                   Sycophant
                   upbraided
                   him
                   as
                   he
                   accompany'd
                   the
                   General
                   up
                   into
                   the
                   Castle
                   ,
                   telling
                   him
                   ,
                   
                     That
                     he
                     should
                     not
                     be
                     so
                     forward
                     to
                     help
                     others
                     ,
                     but
                     do
                     well
                     to
                     mind
                     the
                     t'other
                     of
                     
                     Socrates's
                     Draughts
                     ,
                     that
                     was
                     preparing
                     for
                     him
                     ;
                     He
                     made
                     answer
                     ,
                  
                   
                     When
                     I
                     fought
                     for
                     my
                     Country
                     ,
                     I
                     ventur'd
                     my
                     Life
                     ;
                     and
                     now
                     again
                     for
                     my
                     Friend's
                     sake
                     ,
                     I
                     care
                     as
                     little
                     what
                     befalls
                     me
                     .
                  
                
                 
                 
                   He
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   as
                   Phavorinus
                   reports
                   ,
                   who
                   introduc'd
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   writing
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   Question
                   and
                   Answer
                   :
                   The
                   first
                   that
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   Analysis
                   expounded
                   the
                   Question
                   to
                   Leodamus
                   the
                   Thasian
                   :
                   And
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   in
                   Philosophy
                   nam'd
                   the
                   Antipodes
                   ;
                   illustrated
                   Logic
                   and
                   Poetry
                   ;
                   Progression
                   in
                   Number
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Plane
                   Superficies
                   of
                   the
                   Extreams
                   ;
                   and
                   discours'd
                   of
                   the
                   Providence
                   of
                   God.
                   The
                   first
                   also
                   of
                   the
                   Philosophers
                   who
                   contradicted
                   the
                   Oration
                   of
                   Lysias
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Cephalus
                   ,
                   expounding
                   it
                   word
                   for
                   word
                   in
                   his
                   Phaedrus
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   contemplated
                   the
                   force
                   of
                   Grammar
                   .
                   And
                   being
                   the
                   first
                   also
                   that
                   oppos'd
                   almost
                   all
                   that
                   went
                   before
                   him
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   by
                   many
                   wonder'd
                   why
                   he
                   made
                   no
                   mention
                   of
                   Democritus
                   .
                
                 
                   Neanthes
                   of
                   Cyzicum
                   reports
                   ,
                   that
                   as
                   he
                   was
                   travelling
                   to
                   the
                   Olympics
                   ,
                   he
                   drew
                   the
                   Eyes
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Greeks
                   upon
                   him
                   ,
                   at
                   what
                   time
                   he
                   had
                   a
                   long
                   Conference
                   with
                   Dio
                   ,
                   then
                   designing
                   a
                   War
                   with
                   Dionysius
                   .
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   Phavorinus
                   in
                   his
                   first
                   Book
                   of
                   Commentaries
                   relates
                   ,
                   that
                   Mithridates
                   the
                   Persian
                   ,
                   erected
                   the
                   Statue
                   of
                   Plato
                   in
                   the
                   Academy
                   ,
                   with
                   this
                   Inscription
                   ,
                   `
                   Mithridates
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Rhadobatus
                   ,
                   the
                   Persian
                   ,
                   consecrated
                   to
                   the
                   Muses
                   this
                   Statue
                   of
                   Plato
                   ,
                   made
                   by
                   Silanio
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Heraclides
                   reports
                   him
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   so
                   modest
                   and
                   reserv'd
                   in
                   his
                   Youth
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   never
                   seen
                   to
                   laugh
                   but
                   with
                   great
                   moderation
                   .
                   Yet
                   notwithstanding
                   all
                   his
                   vertues
                   ,
                   he
                   could
                   not
                   escape
                   the
                   Lashes
                   and
                   Scoffs
                   of
                   the
                   Comedians
                   ;
                   and
                   among
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   Theopompus
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Autochares
                   .
                   
                     
                       One
                       is
                       not
                       one
                       ,
                       so
                       strangely
                       w'
                       are
                       deceiv'd
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Nay
                       two
                       are
                       hardly
                       One
                       ,
                       let
                       Plato
                       be
                       believ'd
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   And
                   Anaxandrides
                   in
                   his
                   Theseus
                   ,
                   
                     
                       When
                       th'
                       Olives
                       he
                       more
                       greedily
                       devour'd
                    
                     
                       Than
                       Plato
                       for
                       his
                       Learning
                       so
                       ador'd
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   But
                   Timon
                   is
                   more
                   severe
                   ,
                   for
                   cries
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     
                       How
                       finely
                       does
                       th'
                       Impostor
                       Plato
                       gull
                       us
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Feigning
                       a
                       thousand
                       Miracles
                       to
                       fool
                       us
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Then
                   Alexis
                   in
                   his
                   Merops
                   .
                   
                     
                       Thou
                       com'st
                       in
                       time
                       ,
                       but
                       still
                       my
                       anxious
                       mind
                    
                     
                       No
                       ease
                       nor
                       quiet
                       high
                       or
                       low
                       can
                       find
                       ;
                    
                     
                       Like
                       
                       Plato's
                       Pate
                       ,
                       my
                       turmoil'd
                       Brains
                       will
                       give
                    
                     
                       My
                       limbs
                       tyr'd
                       out
                       with
                       labour
                       no
                       Reprieve
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                 
                   And
                   again
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Ancilio
                   .
                   
                     
                       Thou
                       talk'st
                       of
                       things
                       unto
                       thy self
                       unknown
                       ▪
                    
                     
                       Like
                       busie
                       Plato
                       ,
                       trotting
                       up
                       and
                       down
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Amphis
                   in
                   his
                   Amphicrates
                   thus
                   derides
                   him
                   ;
                   
                     
                       But
                       I
                       must
                       tell
                       ye
                       ,
                       for
                       the
                       good
                       you
                       aim
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Or
                       benefit
                       to
                       get
                       by
                       this
                       proud
                       Dame
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Troth
                       ,
                       Sir
                       ,
                       by
                       me
                       't
                       is
                       no
                       more
                       understood
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Than
                       that
                       Chimera
                       ye
                       call
                       
                       Plato's
                       Good.
                       
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Another
                   time
                   in
                   his
                   Dexidemides
                   he
                   cries
                   out
                   ,
                   
                     
                       No
                       ,
                       no
                       ,
                       fond
                       Plato
                       ,
                       th'
                       art
                       a
                       doating
                       fool
                    
                     
                       To
                       prize
                       thy self
                       for
                       a
                       sowre
                       look
                       or
                       skowle
                       ;
                    
                     
                       Yet
                       can'st
                       thou
                       not
                       that
                       cursed
                       trick
                       for
                       bear
                       ,
                    
                     
                       The
                       formal
                       Fop
                       of
                       all
                       the
                       Town
                       t'
                       appear
                       ;
                    
                     
                       Withforehead
                       all
                       plough'd
                       up
                       in
                       surly
                       wrinkles
                       ,
                    
                     
                       And
                       furrow'd
                       like
                       the
                       shells
                       of
                       Periwinkles
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   And
                   Cratinus
                   in
                   his
                   Counterfeit
                   .
                   
                     
                       Thou
                       art
                       a
                       Man
                       I
                       think
                       ,
                       and
                       hast
                       a
                       Soul
                       :
                    
                     
                       But
                       stay
                       ,
                       for
                       Plato
                       must
                       our
                       thoughts
                       controul
                       ,
                    
                     
                       I
                       'le
                       go
                       and
                       ask
                       him
                       ,
                       if
                       thou
                       hast
                       or
                       no
                       ?
                    
                     
                       For
                       I
                       profess
                       ,
                       till
                       then
                       ,
                       I
                       do
                       not
                       know
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                 
                   And
                   Alexis
                   in
                   Olympiodorus
                   .
                   
                     
                       My
                       mortal
                       part
                       lies
                       dry
                       ,
                       I
                       know
                       not
                       where
                       ;
                    
                     
                       But
                       the
                       immortal
                       vanish'd
                       into
                       Air
                       :
                    
                     
                       Whimseys
                       like
                       these
                       ,
                       and
                       all
                       not
                       worth
                       a
                       Groat
                       ,
                    
                     
                       In
                       
                       Plato's
                       School
                       most
                       learnedly
                       are
                       taught
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   And
                   in
                   his
                   Parasite
                   .
                   
                     
                       Or
                       else
                       ,
                       like
                       Plato
                       ,
                       by
                       thy self
                       an
                       Hour
                    
                     
                       Go
                       rave
                       and
                       twattle
                       ,
                       till
                       thy
                       Lungs
                       are
                       sore
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Anaxilas
                   also
                   drolls
                   upon
                   him
                   in
                   his
                   Botrylio
                   ,
                   his
                   Cercus
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Plusiae
                   .
                
                 
                   Aristippus
                   also
                   affirms
                   him
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   wantonly
                   in
                   love
                   with
                   a
                   young
                   Lad
                   ▪
                   whose
                   name
                   was
                   Asterus
                   ,
                   that
                   went
                   to
                   study
                   Astrology
                   with
                   him
                   :
                   as
                   also
                   with
                   Dio
                   already
                   mention'd
                   ;
                   and
                   some
                   there
                   are
                   who
                   believe
                   Phaedrus
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   one
                   of
                   his
                   Minions
                   .
                   Besides
                   that
                   the
                   Epigrams
                   ,
                   which
                   he
                   made
                   ,
                   were
                   no
                   small
                   convictions
                   of
                   his
                   roving
                   Appetite
                   toward
                   the
                   Male
                   Sex.
                   First
                   upon
                   Aster●s
                   .
                   
                     
                       My
                       brightest
                       Star
                       !
                       that
                       for
                       thy
                       sake
                       I
                       were
                    
                     
                       The
                       Heav'n
                       it self
                       ,
                       in
                       one
                       embody'd
                       Sphere
                       !
                    
                     
                       So
                       might
                       I
                       view
                       thy
                       Beauties
                       with
                       more
                       Eyes
                    
                     
                       Than
                       Stars
                       of
                       Heav'n
                       adorn
                       the
                       gloomy
                       skies
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                 
                   And
                   then
                   again
                   ,
                   
                     
                       He
                       that
                       so
                       lately
                       like
                       the
                       Morning
                       Star
                       ,
                    
                     
                       When
                       living
                       ,
                       did
                       such
                       Orient
                       brightness
                       wear
                       ,
                    
                     
                       The
                       lovely
                       Hesperus
                       is
                       now
                       become
                    
                     
                       That
                       shines
                       more
                       bright
                       in
                       blest
                       Elysium
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Then
                   upon
                   Dio
                   thus
                   .
                   
                     
                       That
                       Tears
                       for
                       Trojan
                       Damsels
                       should
                       be
                       shed
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Tho'
                       newly
                       born
                       ,
                       fair
                       Hecuba
                       decreed
                       .
                    
                     
                       But
                       in
                       the
                       full
                       Career
                       of
                       all
                       thy
                       hopes
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Thy
                       sullen
                       Fate
                       thy
                       valour's
                       progress
                       stops
                       .
                    
                     
                       Nobly
                       howe'er
                       interr'd
                       thou
                       ly'st
                       ,
                       and
                       all
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Th'
                       Atchievements
                       of
                       thy
                       Prowess
                       will
                       extoll
                       :
                    
                     
                       Only
                       my
                       raging
                       love
                       no
                       cure
                       can
                       find
                       ,
                    
                     
                       To
                       ease
                       the
                       Torments
                       of
                       a
                       restless
                       ▪
                       mind
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   his
                   love
                   of
                   Alexis
                   and
                   Phaedrus
                   ,
                   he
                   discovers
                   it
                   in
                   the
                   following
                   Lines
                   .
                   
                     
                       With
                       Cheeks
                       bedew'd
                       the
                       young
                       Alexis
                       cry'd
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Where
                       in
                       the
                       World
                       so
                       fair
                       a
                       one
                       beside
                    
                     
                       As
                       Phaedrus
                       was
                       ?
                       And
                       must
                       we
                       Phaedrus
                       lose
                       ?
                    
                     
                       What
                       can
                       my
                       losses
                       equal
                       but
                       my
                       woes
                       ?
                    
                  
                
                 
                   More
                   than
                   all
                   this
                   ,
                   he
                   kept
                   company
                   also
                   with
                   a
                   Colophonian
                   Curtizan
                   ,
                   whose
                   name
                   was
                   Archeanassa
                   ,
                   upon
                   whom
                   he
                   made
                   the
                   following
                   Lines
                   .
                   
                     
                     
                       Archeanassa
                       ,
                       fam'd
                       in
                       Colophon
                       ,
                    
                     
                       My
                       Mistress
                       was
                       ,
                       that
                       yielded
                       once
                       to
                       none
                       :
                    
                     
                       For
                       tho'
                       before
                       my
                       courtship
                       't
                       were
                       so
                       late
                       ,
                    
                     
                       In
                       fading
                       beauty
                       Love
                       ,
                       commanding
                       ,
                       sate
                       .
                    
                     
                       Then
                       thrice
                       unhappy
                       they
                       ,
                       whose
                       Amorous
                       flames
                       ,
                    
                     
                       In
                       burning
                       hearts
                       were
                       kindl'd
                       by
                       those
                       beams
                    
                     
                       Her
                       youthful
                       Glances
                       shot
                       ,
                       where
                       e'er
                       they
                       whirl'd
                       ,
                    
                     
                       When
                       in
                       her
                       Prime
                       she
                       vanquish'd
                       all
                       the
                       World.
                       
                    
                  
                
                 
                   These
                   also
                   upon
                   Agatho
                   ,
                   
                     
                       When
                       I
                       on
                       my
                       beloved
                       Agatho
                    
                     
                       My
                       soft
                       and
                       tender
                       kisses
                       did
                       bestow
                       ,
                    
                     
                       My
                       Soul
                       sate
                       on
                       my
                       Lips
                       ,
                       loth
                       to
                       depart
                       ,
                    
                     
                       When
                       one
                       kiss
                       more
                       return'd
                       it
                       to
                       my
                       heart
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   The
                   other
                   ,
                   this
                   .
                   
                     
                       Toss'd
                       to
                       thy
                       hand
                       ,
                       catch
                       me
                       this
                       mellow
                       Pear
                       ,
                    
                     
                       And
                       if
                       thou
                       lov'st
                       me
                       uncompell'd
                       ,
                       my
                       Dear
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Accept
                       it
                       too
                       ;
                       but
                       grant
                       my
                       other
                       suit
                       ,
                    
                     
                       In
                       kind
                       exchange
                       to
                       crop
                       thy
                       Virgin
                       fruit
                       .
                    
                     
                       If
                       not
                       ;
                       yet
                       on
                       the
                       Pear
                       still
                       cast
                       an
                       Eye
                       ,
                    
                     
                       And
                       then
                       consider
                       how
                       the
                       Seasons
                       fly
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       Pear
                       I
                       threw
                       ,
                       but
                       whoe'er
                       kisses
                       thee
                       ,
                    
                     
                       More
                       to
                       my
                       damage
                       throws
                       the
                       Pear
                       at
                       me
                       .
                    
                     
                       For
                       now
                       the
                       mellow
                       Pear
                       is
                       in
                       its
                       prime
                       ,
                    
                     
                       But
                       if
                       I
                       stay
                       ,
                       we
                       both
                       shall
                       wast
                       in
                       time
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                 
                   He
                   is
                   also
                   said
                   to
                   have
                   made
                   the
                   following
                   Epigram
                   upon
                   the
                   Eretrians
                   ,
                   who
                   were
                   surpriz'd
                   by
                   an
                   Ambuscado
                   .
                   
                     
                       Bred
                       in
                       Eretrum
                       ,
                       of
                       Eretrian
                       Race
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Fertile
                       Euboea
                       once
                       our
                       Country
                       was
                       ;
                    
                     
                       But
                       now
                       ,
                       the
                       more
                       severe
                       our
                       Destiny
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Near
                       
                         Persian
                         Susae
                      
                       ,
                       here
                       interr'd
                       we
                       lye
                       :
                    
                     
                       Vnhappy
                       they
                       that
                       after
                       so
                       much
                       Toyl
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Lye
                       so
                       far
                       distant
                       from
                       their
                       native
                       Soyl.
                       
                    
                  
                
                 
                   The
                   two
                   following
                   Epigrams
                   were
                   also
                   father'd
                   upon
                   him
                   .
                   
                     
                       Thus
                       to
                       the
                       Muses
                       
                         Venus
                         ▪
                      
                       Fear
                       ,
                       said
                       she
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Disdainful
                       Nymphs
                       ,
                       my
                       anger'd
                       Deity
                       .
                    
                     
                       Who
                       to
                       your
                       mischief
                       else
                       most
                       surely
                       arms
                    
                     
                       The
                       God
                       of
                       Love
                       with
                       all
                       his
                       subtle
                       charms
                       .
                    
                     
                       To
                       whom
                       as
                       quick
                       the
                       Muses
                       streight
                       reply'd
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Fair
                       Cyprian
                       Queen
                       we
                       still
                       are
                       so
                       employ'd
                       ,
                    
                     
                       And
                       that
                       the
                       Boy
                       in
                       his
                       discretion
                       knows
                       ,
                    
                     
                       That
                       he
                       ne'er
                       minds
                       to
                       trouble
                       our
                       repose
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   The
                   other
                   thus
                   .
                   
                     
                       The
                       Man
                       that
                       found
                       the
                       Gold
                       ,
                       laid
                       by
                       the
                       Rope
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Two
                       troubles
                       having
                       past
                       Despair
                       and
                       Hope
                       :
                    
                     
                       But
                       when
                       he
                       could
                       not
                       find
                       his
                       Gold
                       ;
                       what
                       then
                       ?
                    
                     
                       Why
                       he
                       was
                       forc'd
                       to
                       take
                       the
                       Rope
                       again
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                 
                   Such
                   things
                   as
                   these
                   were
                   heap'd
                   up
                   against
                   him
                   to
                   display
                   his
                   Incontinence
                   and
                   Hypocrisie
                   .
                   And
                   Molon
                   ,
                   among
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   his
                   ill-willers
                   ,
                   said
                   of
                   him
                   ,
                   That
                   it
                   was
                   not
                   so
                   much
                   to
                   be
                   wonder'd
                   that
                   Dionysius
                   should
                   be
                   permitted
                   to
                   live
                   at
                   Corinth
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   Plato
                   should
                   be
                   suffer'd
                   to
                   live
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                   Nor
                   did
                   Xenophon
                   seem
                   to
                   have
                   any
                   great
                   kindness
                   for
                   him
                   :
                   and
                   therefore
                   as
                   two
                   persons
                   ,
                   between
                   whom
                   there
                   was
                   a
                   perfect
                   Emulation
                   ,
                   they
                   still
                   wrote
                   upon
                   the
                   same
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   and
                   under
                   the
                   same
                   Titles
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Symposium
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Defence
                   .
                   Then
                   Plato
                   wrote
                   of
                   his
                   Common-wealth
                   ,
                   and
                   Xenophon
                   his
                   Cyropaedia
                   ,
                   which
                   Plato
                   affirms
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   feign'd
                   Story
                   ,
                   for
                   that
                   Cyrus
                   was
                   no
                   such
                   Man.
                   And
                   though
                   both
                   have
                   Socrates
                   continually
                   in
                   their
                   mouths
                   ,
                   yet
                   they
                   never
                   speak
                   a
                   word
                   one
                   of
                   another
                   ,
                   only
                   that
                   Xenophon
                   makes
                   mention
                   of
                   Plato
                   once
                   in
                   his
                   third
                   Book
                   of
                   Commentaries
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   also
                   reported
                   ,
                   that
                   Antisthenes
                   having
                   a
                   desire
                   to
                   repeat
                   something
                   that
                   he
                   had
                   written
                   ,
                   requested
                   Plato
                   to
                   be
                   present
                   at
                   the
                   rehearsal
                   ,
                   who
                   asking
                   Antisthenes
                   ,
                   what
                   was
                   the
                   subject
                   of
                   the
                   Manuscript
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   replying
                   ,
                   That
                   it
                   was
                   to
                   prove
                   ,
                   
                     There
                     was
                     something
                     which
                     was
                     not
                     to
                     be
                     contradicted
                     :
                     Plato
                  
                   demanded
                   how
                   he
                   could
                   write
                   upon
                   that
                   subject
                   ;
                   and
                   then
                   going
                   
                   about
                   to
                   shew
                   him
                   his
                   Errour
                   ,
                   he
                   so
                   offended
                   Antisthenes
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   wrote
                   a
                   Dialogue
                   against
                   Plato
                   ,
                   under
                   the
                   Title
                   of
                   Satho
                   ,
                   a
                   nick-name
                   in
                   derision
                   ,
                   denoting
                   him
                   to
                   be
                   well
                   Arm'd
                   against
                   the
                   Combats
                   of
                   Venus
                   .
                   From
                   what
                   time
                   they
                   had
                   a
                   continual
                   Grudge
                   one
                   against
                   the
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   'T
                   is
                   said
                   ,
                   that
                   Socrates
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   heard
                   
                   Plato's
                   Lysis
                   repeated
                   by
                   the
                   Author
                   himself
                   ,
                   should
                   cry
                   out
                   ,
                   
                     Heavens
                     bless
                     me
                     ,
                     what
                     a
                     company
                     of
                     Fables
                     has
                     the
                     young
                     Man
                     invented
                     ▪
                     about
                     me
                     !
                  
                   For
                   he
                   had
                   written
                   several
                   things
                   that
                   Socrates
                   never
                   spoke
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   like
                   Animosity
                   there
                   was
                   between
                   Plato
                   and
                   Aristippus
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   in
                   his
                   Dialogue
                   concerning
                   the
                   Soul
                   ,
                   he
                   objects
                   against
                   him
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   not
                   present
                   with
                   Socrates
                   when
                   he
                   dy'd
                   ;
                   though
                   he
                   were
                   then
                   at
                   Aegina
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   not
                   far
                   distant
                   .
                
                 
                   Aeschines
                   also
                   bare
                   him
                   a
                   particular
                   spleen
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   when
                   he
                   came
                   to
                   Dionysius
                   ,
                   who
                   had
                   a
                   peculiar
                   respect
                   for
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   ▪
                   that
                   expected
                   relief
                   in
                   his
                   poor
                   and
                   low
                   condition
                   ,
                   Plato
                   despised
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   had
                   lost
                   his
                   labour
                   but
                   for
                   the
                   recommendation
                   of
                   Aristippus
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   Speeches
                   which
                   he
                   introduces
                   Crito
                   speaking
                   ,
                   when
                   Socrates
                   was
                   advis'd
                   to
                   make
                   his
                   escape
                   ,
                   Idomeneus
                   affirms
                   'em
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   made
                   by
                   Aeschines
                   ;
                   only
                   
                   by
                   Plato
                   attributed
                   to
                   Crito
                   ,
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   unkindness
                   between
                   '
                   em
                   .
                   Nor
                   is
                   Plato
                   found
                   to
                   have
                   made
                   any
                   mention
                   of
                   him
                   in
                   any
                   of
                   his
                   Books
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   be
                   in
                   his
                   
                     Immortality
                     of
                     the
                     Soul
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   defence
                   of
                   Socrates
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   very
                   slightly
                   too
                   .
                   Moreover
                   Aristotle
                   asserts
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   Writings
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   properly
                   his
                   ,
                   run
                   in
                   a
                   Style
                   between
                   Verse
                   and
                   Prose
                   ;
                   who
                   was
                   the
                   only
                   person
                   ,
                   as
                   Phavorinus
                   relates
                   ,
                   that
                   staid
                   with
                   him
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   repeated
                   his
                   
                     Immortality
                     of
                     the
                     Soul
                  
                   ,
                   when
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   rose
                   up
                   and
                   departed
                   .
                   Many
                   are
                   of
                   opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   Philip
                   the
                   Opuntine
                   transcrib'd
                   all
                   his
                   Laws
                   that
                   were
                   written
                   in
                   the
                   Tables
                   of
                   Wax
                   ,
                   which
                   were
                   comprehended
                   in
                   his
                   
                     Epinomis
                     .
                     Euphorion
                  
                   also
                   ,
                   and
                   Panaetius
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   his
                   Common-wealth
                   was
                   frequently
                   found
                   with
                   several
                   Blurrings
                   ,
                   Alterations
                   and
                   Emendations
                   .
                   More
                   than
                   this
                   ,
                   Aristoxenus
                   asserts
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   whole
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   chiefest
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Treatise
                   was
                   to
                   be
                   read
                   word
                   for
                   word
                   in
                   the
                   Contradictories
                   of
                   Protagoras
                   .
                   His
                   Phaedrus
                   is
                   said
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   the
                   first
                   piece
                   that
                   ever
                   he
                   compos'd
                   ,
                   and
                   indeed
                   the
                   whole
                   Problem
                   suvours
                   of
                   Juvenility
                   ;
                   besides
                   that
                   Dicearchus
                   has
                   bequeath'd
                   an
                   ill
                   name
                   to
                   all
                   that
                   manner
                   of
                   writing
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   both
                   troublesome
                   and
                   insipid
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   It
                   happen'd
                   once
                   that
                   Plato
                   seeing
                   a
                   certain
                   person
                   playing
                   at
                   Dice
                   ,
                   reprov'd
                   him
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   who
                   answering
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   was
                   a
                   slight
                   matter
                   ;
                   
                     Dost
                     thou
                     take
                     custom
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     to
                     be
                     a
                     slight
                     matter
                  
                   ?
                
                 
                   Being
                   ask'd
                   whether
                   he
                   intended
                   for
                   himself
                   a
                   Monument
                   like
                   that
                   of
                   his
                   Ancestors
                   ;
                   he
                   reply'd
                   ,
                   
                     First
                     let
                     me
                     get
                     my self
                     a
                     Name
                     ,
                     then
                     perhaps
                     I
                     may
                     want
                     many
                     Monuments
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Another
                   time
                   Xenocrates
                   coming
                   to
                   give
                   him
                   a
                   visit
                   :
                   Pray
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     chastize
                     this
                     Boy
                     for
                     me
                     ,
                     for
                     I
                     am
                     angry
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     cannot
                     .
                  
                   And
                   to
                   another
                   of
                   his
                   Servants
                   ,
                   Sirrah
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     I
                     had
                     certainly
                     bang'd
                     thy
                     bones
                     ,
                     had
                     I
                     not
                     been
                     in
                     a
                     passion
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Being
                   on
                   Horse-back
                   ,
                   he
                   presently
                   alighted
                   ;
                   fearing
                   ,
                   as
                   he
                   said
                   ,
                   lest
                   the
                   pride
                   of
                   the
                   Horse
                   should
                   infect
                   him
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   was
                   wont
                   to
                   advise
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   given
                   to
                   drink
                   ,
                   diligently
                   to
                   survey
                   themselves
                   in
                   their
                   Looking-Glasses
                   ,
                   for
                   that
                   certainly
                   they
                   would
                   then
                   beware
                   of
                   the
                   shame
                   which
                   they
                   brought
                   upon
                   themselves
                   .
                   Nor
                   would
                   he
                   allow
                   any
                   Man
                   to
                   drink
                   to
                   a
                   pitch
                   ,
                   unless
                   it
                   were
                   upon
                   the
                   solemn
                   Festivals
                   of
                   the
                   God
                   that
                   was
                   the
                   giver
                   of
                   Wine
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   was
                   also
                   an
                   Enemy
                   to
                   immoderate
                   sheep
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   in
                   his
                   Laws
                   he
                   pronounces
                   all
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   given
                   to
                   sleep
                   to
                   be
                   persons
                   of
                   no
                   worth
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   He
                   held
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   was
                   nothing
                   so
                   delightful
                   to
                   the
                   hearing
                   ,
                   as
                   Truth
                   ;
                   or
                   ,
                   as
                   others
                   say
                   ,
                   
                     to
                     speak
                     Truth
                  
                   .
                   For
                   thus
                   he
                   writes
                   of
                   Truth
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Laws
                   :
                   
                     Truth
                     ,
                     noble
                     Guest
                     ,
                     is
                     a
                     most
                     sublime
                     and
                     durable
                     thing
                     ;
                     but
                     it
                     is
                     a
                     hard
                     matter
                     to
                     perswade
                     Men
                     to
                     it
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   He
                   wish'd
                   he
                   might
                   leave
                   a
                   Monument
                   behind
                   him
                   either
                   in
                   Friends
                   or
                   Books
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   dy'd
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   already
                   declar'd
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   thirteenth
                   year
                   of
                   King
                   
                   Philip's
                   Reign
                   ,
                   as
                   Phavorinus
                   relates
                   in
                   his
                   third
                   Book
                   of
                   Commentaries
                   ;
                   and
                   Theopompus
                   tells
                   us
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   same
                   Prince
                   gave
                   him
                   once
                   a
                   very
                   tart
                   and
                   severe
                   Reprimand
                   .
                   On
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   Myronianus
                   in
                   his
                   Likenesses
                   testifies
                   ,
                   that
                   Philo
                   makes
                   mention
                   of
                   a
                   Proverb
                   concerning
                   
                   Plato's
                   Lice
                   ;
                   as
                   if
                   he
                   should
                   dye
                   of
                   that
                   Disease
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   was
                   buried
                   in
                   the
                   Academy
                   ,
                   where
                   he
                   had
                   spent
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   his
                   time
                   in
                   the
                   study
                   and
                   profession
                   of
                   Philosophy
                   ;
                   from
                   whence
                   the
                   Sect
                   which
                   he
                   founded
                   was
                   call'd
                   the
                   Academic
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   was
                   accompany'd
                   to
                   his
                   Grave
                   by
                   an
                   honourable
                   Train
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   City
                   ,
                   that
                   flock't
                   to
                   his
                   Funeral
                   .
                   And
                   for
                   his
                   Estate
                   ,
                   he
                   dispos'd
                   of
                   it
                   by
                   his
                   Will
                   ,
                   which
                   he
                   made
                   after
                   this
                   manner
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   These
                   things
                   Plato
                   left
                   behind
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   thus
                   dispos'd
                   of
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     A
                     Farm
                     in
                     the
                     Lordship
                     of
                     the
                     Ephestiadae
                     ;
                     bounded
                     to
                     the
                     North
                     ,
                     by
                     the
                     High-way
                     that
                     leads
                     from
                     the
                     Temple
                     of
                     the
                     Cephisiades
                     ;
                     to
                     the
                     South
                     ,
                     by
                     the
                     Heracleum
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     Lordship
                     ;
                     butting
                     to
                     the
                     East
                     ,
                     upon
                     the
                     Lands
                     of
                     
                       Archestratus
                       Phlearius
                    
                     ;
                     and
                     Westward
                     ,
                     upon
                     the
                     Lands
                     of
                     Philip
                     the
                     Cholidian
                     .
                     Let
                     not
                     this
                     Farm
                     be
                     sold
                     or
                     alienated
                     to
                     any
                     Person
                     ,
                     but
                     let
                     it
                     come
                     to
                     Adimantus
                     my
                     Son.
                     
                  
                   
                     Another
                     Farm
                     also
                     I
                     leave
                     behind
                     ,
                     which
                     I
                     purchased
                     of
                     Callimachus
                     ,
                     adjoyning
                     Northward
                     to
                     the
                     Lands
                     of
                     Eurymedon
                     the
                     Myrinnusian
                     ;
                     Southward
                     to
                     the
                     Lands
                     of
                     
                       Demostratus
                       Eupetero
                    
                     ;
                     Eastward
                     to
                     the
                     Lands
                     of
                     the
                     foresaid
                     Eurymedon
                     ,
                     and
                     Westward
                     to
                     the
                     Lands
                     of
                     the
                     foresaid
                     Cephisus
                     .
                  
                   
                     Item
                     ,
                     In
                     money
                     three
                     Minas
                     .
                  
                   
                     Item
                     ,
                     A
                     Silver
                     Bottle
                     weighing
                     one
                     hundred
                     sixty
                     five
                     Drachmas
                     .
                  
                   
                     Item
                     ,
                     A
                     Silver
                     Boat
                     ,
                     weighing
                     forty
                     five
                     Drachmas
                     .
                  
                   
                     Item
                     ,
                     A
                     Gold
                     Ring
                     ,
                     and
                     an
                     Ear-ring
                     both
                     together
                     ,
                     weighing
                     four
                     Drachmas
                     and
                     six
                     half-penies
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Item
                       ,
                       Euclid
                    
                     the
                     Stone-Cutter
                     owes
                     me
                     three
                     Minas
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     Item
                     ,
                     I
                     give
                     Diana
                     her
                     Freedom
                     .
                  
                   
                     Item
                     ,
                     I
                     leave
                     behind
                     me
                     Servants
                     
                       Tycho
                       ,
                       Bicta
                       ,
                       Apollonius
                    
                     and
                     Dionysius
                     .
                  
                   
                     Item
                     ,
                     Houshold-stuff
                     ,
                     and
                     Vessels
                     ,
                     of
                     which
                     Demetrius
                     has
                     an
                     Inventory
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     owe
                     not
                     a
                     farthing
                     to
                     any
                     Body
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   His
                   Executors
                   were
                   
                     Sosthenes
                     ,
                     Speusippus
                     ,
                     Demetrius
                     ,
                     Higias
                     ,
                     Eurymedon
                     ,
                     Callimachus
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Thrasippus
                   .
                   This
                   was
                   the
                   Copy
                   of
                   his
                   Will.
                   
                
                 
                   His
                   Monument
                   was
                   adorn'd
                   with
                   several
                   Epigrams
                   and
                   Encomiums
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   this
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   .
                   
                     
                       If
                       Modesty
                       and
                       Justice
                       ever
                       shin'd
                    
                     
                       Conspicuously
                       bright
                       in
                       mortal
                       mind
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Here
                       lies
                       the
                       Man
                       ,
                       Divine
                       Aristocles
                       ;
                    
                     
                       Of
                       all
                       Men
                       ,
                       He
                       ,
                       if
                       wisdom
                       e'er
                       could
                       raise
                    
                     
                       To
                       Fame
                       Immortal
                       ,
                       most
                       deserves
                       that
                       Fame
                    
                     
                       Which
                       Malice
                       ne'er
                       could
                       reach
                       ,
                       nor
                       Envy
                       blame
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Another
                   thus
                   .
                   
                     
                       Entomb'd
                       in
                       Earth
                       ,
                       here
                       
                       Plato's
                       Body
                       lyes
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Whose
                       happy
                       Soul
                       Immortal
                       Bliss
                       enjoys
                       .
                    
                     
                       Him
                       ,
                       honour'd
                       all
                       good
                       Men
                       ,
                       no
                       less
                       desir'd
                    
                     
                       In
                       distant
                       Regions
                       ,
                       than
                       at
                       home
                       admir'd
                       ;
                    
                     
                       And
                       well
                       might
                       he
                       deserve
                       most
                       high
                       applause
                       ,
                    
                     
                       That
                       liv'd
                       so
                       truly
                       up
                       to
                       Nature's
                       Laws
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                 
                   And
                   this
                   other
                   of
                   somewhat
                   a
                   later
                   date
                   .
                   
                     
                       Say
                       Queen
                       of
                       Birds
                       ,
                       when
                       soaring
                       starry
                       height
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Whose
                       Tomb
                       it
                       was
                       o're
                       which
                       thou
                       took'st
                       thy
                       flight
                       ?
                    
                     
                       Or
                       didst
                       thou
                       soar
                       so
                       high
                       ,
                       to
                       take
                       a
                       view
                    
                     
                       What
                       blest
                       Immortals
                       in
                       their
                       Mansions
                       do
                       ?
                    
                     
                       I
                       was
                       the
                       Soul
                       of
                       Plato
                       ,
                       once
                       below
                       ;
                    
                     
                       But
                       now
                       ,
                       to
                       answer
                       your
                       Inquiry
                       ,
                       know
                       ,
                    
                     
                       The
                       Soul
                       of
                       Plato
                       to
                       Olympus
                       flies
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Whose
                       Body
                       here
                       in
                       native
                       Athens
                       lies
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   To
                   which
                   we
                   shall
                   add
                   another
                   of
                   our
                   own
                   .
                   
                     
                       Had
                       not
                       Apollo
                       ,
                       to
                       the
                       Grecians
                       kind
                       ,
                    
                     
                       To
                       
                       Plato's
                       Wit
                       his
                       God-like
                       Art
                       resign'd
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Where
                       had
                       we
                       found
                       a
                       cure
                       for
                       Human
                       Souls
                       ?
                    
                     
                       For
                       as
                       Asclepius
                       by
                       his
                       skill
                       controuls
                    
                     
                       The
                       various
                       pains
                       invading
                       humane
                       kind
                       ,
                    
                     
                       'T
                       is
                       only
                       Plato
                       who
                       can
                       heal
                       the
                       Mind
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Together
                   with
                   this
                   upon
                   his
                   Death
                   :
                   
                     
                       Phoebus
                       ,
                       on
                       Mortal's
                       happiness
                       intent
                       ,
                    
                     
                       To
                       Mortals
                       Plato
                       and
                       Asclepius
                       sent
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       one
                       in
                       health
                       our
                       Bodies
                       to
                       assure
                       ,
                    
                     
                       The
                       other
                       ,
                       our
                       diseased
                       minds
                       to
                       cure
                       .
                    
                     
                       At
                       last
                       ,
                       upon
                       the
                       confines
                       of
                       his
                       life
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Designing
                       the
                       brisk
                       pleasures
                       of
                       a
                       Wife
                       ,
                    
                     
                     
                       To
                       Jove's
                       own
                       consecrated
                       ground
                       he
                       came
                       ,
                    
                     
                       And
                       City
                       rear'd
                       of
                       old
                       to
                       Phoebus
                       Name
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Where
                       to
                       his
                       Master
                       he
                       his
                       Art
                       resign'd
                       ,
                    
                     
                       But
                       left
                       his
                       Physic
                       of
                       the
                       Soul
                       behind
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   His
                   Disciples
                   and
                   Followers
                   were
                   Speusippus
                   the
                   
                     Athenian
                     ,
                     Xenocrates
                  
                   the
                   
                     Chalcedonian
                     ,
                     Aristotle
                  
                   the
                   
                     Stagarite
                     ,
                     Philip
                  
                   of
                   
                     Opus
                     ,
                     Hestiaeus
                  
                   the
                   
                     Printhian
                     ,
                     Dio
                  
                   of
                   
                     Syracuse
                     ,
                     Amyclus
                  
                   the
                   
                     Heracleote
                     ,
                     Erastus
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Coriscus
                   both
                   
                     Skepsians
                     ;
                     Timolaus
                  
                   of
                   
                     Cyzicum
                     ,
                     Enaeon
                  
                   of
                   
                     Lampsacus
                     ,
                     Pytho
                  
                   and
                   Heraclides
                   ,
                   both
                   of
                   
                     Aenea
                     ,
                     Callippus
                  
                   the
                   
                     Athenian
                     ,
                     Demetrius
                  
                   of
                   
                     Amphipolis
                     ,
                     Heraclides
                  
                   of
                   Pontus
                   ,
                   and
                   several
                   others
                   .
                   Together
                   with
                   these
                   he
                   had
                   also
                   two
                   Female
                   Disciples
                   ,
                   Lesthenia
                   of
                   Mantinea
                   ,
                   and
                   Axiothea
                   a
                   Phthiasian
                   ,
                   which
                   latter
                   ,
                   as
                   Dicearchus
                   relates
                   ,
                   always
                   went
                   in
                   Man's
                   Apparel
                   .
                   Theophrastus
                   also
                   is
                   said
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   one
                   of
                   his
                   Hearers
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   Hyperides
                   the
                   Rhetorician
                   .
                   Chamaeleon
                   adds
                   Lycurgus
                   ;
                   and
                   
                     Polemo
                     ,
                     Lycurgus
                     .
                     Sabinus
                  
                   also
                   in
                   his
                   fourth
                   Book
                   of
                   the
                   
                     subject
                     of
                     Meditation
                  
                   ,
                   affirms
                   Menesistratus
                   the
                   Thasian
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   another
                   of
                   his
                   Admirers
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   very
                   probable
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   then
                   being
                   well
                   assur'd
                   of
                   thy
                   great
                   affection
                   for
                   Plato
                   ,
                   not
                   undeservedly
                   bestow'd
                   ;
                   and
                   with
                   what
                   a
                   zealous
                   enquiry
                   thou
                   seek'st
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   compleat
                   
                   Collection
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Opinions
                   of
                   this
                   famous
                   Philosopher
                   ,
                   I
                   thought
                   it
                   expedient
                   to
                   set
                   'em
                   down
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   nature
                   of
                   the
                   Discoutses
                   ,
                   the
                   order
                   of
                   the
                   Dialogues
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   method
                   of
                   Exposition
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   reduc'd
                   under
                   several
                   Heads
                   and
                   Chapters
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   nothing
                   omitted
                   materially
                   conducing
                   to
                   the
                   story
                   of
                   his
                   Life
                   .
                   Otherwise
                   ,
                   knowing
                   to
                   whom
                   I
                   write
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   more
                   curious
                   and
                   particular
                   than
                   is
                   requisite
                   ,
                   would
                   be
                   only
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Proverb
                   ,
                   
                     To
                     carry
                     an
                     Owl
                     to
                  
                   Athens
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   therefore
                   Zeno
                   of
                   Elea
                   is
                   reported
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   the
                   first
                   Composer
                   of
                   Dialogues
                   .
                   Though
                   Aristotle
                   in
                   his
                   first
                   Book
                   of
                   the
                   Poets
                   ,
                   asserts
                   Alexamenus
                   the
                   Styrean
                   ,
                   or
                   according
                   to
                   Phavorinus
                   the
                   Teian
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   wrote
                   in
                   that
                   manner
                   .
                   However
                   in
                   my
                   judgment●
                   Plato
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   who
                   polish'd
                   that
                   way
                   of
                   writing
                   ,
                   and
                   brought
                   it
                   to
                   perfection
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   not
                   only
                   the
                   adorning
                   part
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   invention
                   it self
                   may
                   be
                   justly
                   attributed
                   to
                   him
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Dialogue
                   then
                   is
                   a
                   discourse
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   Question
                   and
                   Answer
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   subjects
                   either
                   of
                   Politics
                   ,
                   or
                   Philosophy
                   ,
                   consisting
                   of
                   decent
                   and
                   apt
                   expressions
                   of
                   the
                   Persons
                   introduc'd
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Methodical
                   Composition
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Logic
                   is
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   Ratiocination
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   we
                   refute
                   or
                   confirm
                   by
                   Questions
                   and
                   Answers
                   between
                   the
                   persons
                   that
                   dispute
                   .
                   Now
                   then
                   there
                   are
                   two
                   sorts
                   of
                   Platonic
                   Ratiocination
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   for
                   Instruction
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   for
                   Enquiry
                   .
                   The
                   first
                   of
                   which
                   is
                   again
                   divided
                   into
                   Speculative
                   and
                   Practical
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Speculative
                   into
                   Physical
                   ,
                   or
                   Natural
                   ,
                   and
                   Logical
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Practical
                   into
                   Ethical
                   and
                   Political
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   inquisitive
                   Ratiocination
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   also
                   two
                   sorts
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   Gymnastic
                   ,
                   which
                   consists
                   in
                   Exercise
                   ;
                   the
                   other
                   Agonistic
                   ,
                   which
                   consists
                   in
                   Contest
                   and
                   Dispute
                   .
                   Gymnastic
                   is
                   also
                   twofold
                   ,
                   Maieutic
                   ,
                   which
                   nurses
                   and
                   fosters
                   the
                   first
                   Rudiments
                   of
                   Science
                   ;
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   begins
                   to
                   feel
                   its
                   own
                   strength
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   call'd
                   Peirastic
                   ,
                   as
                   attempting
                   upon
                   the
                   score
                   of
                   its
                   own
                   ability
                   .
                   Agonistic
                   also
                   is
                   distinguish'd
                   into
                   Demonstrative
                   and
                   Perswasive
                   .
                
                 
                   True
                   it
                   is
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   others
                   who
                   make
                   a
                   quite
                   different
                   division
                   of
                   
                   Plato's
                   Dialogues
                   ;
                   for
                   some
                   they
                   call
                   Dramatic
                   ;
                   others
                   Diegematic
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   Mixt.
                   But
                   that
                   distinction
                   is
                   more
                   proper
                   for
                   a
                   Stage
                   than
                   a
                   Philosophers
                   School
                   .
                
                 
                   More
                   particularly
                   therefore
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   of
                   
                   Plato's
                   Dialogues
                   that
                   treat
                   of
                   Physics
                   ,
                   as
                   Timaeus
                   ;
                   others
                   of
                   Logic
                   ,
                   as
                   
                   
                     Politicus
                     ,
                     Cratylus
                     ,
                     Parmenides
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Sophist
                   .
                   Others
                   of
                   Morality
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   
                     Apology
                     ,
                     Crito
                     ,
                     Phaedo
                     ,
                     Phaedias
                     ,
                  
                   the
                   
                     Symposium
                     ;
                     Menexenus
                     ,
                     Clitophon
                  
                   ,
                   his
                   Epistles
                   ,
                   
                     Philelebus
                     ,
                     Hipparchus
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Anterastae
                   ;
                   others
                   of
                   Politics
                   ,
                   as
                   his
                   Commonwealth
                   ,
                   his
                   Laws
                   ,
                   
                     Minos
                     ,
                     Epinomis
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Atlanticus
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   Rudiments
                   of
                   Learning
                   .
                   The
                   two
                   
                   Alcibiades's
                   ,
                   
                     Theages
                     ,
                     Lysis
                     ,
                     Laches
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   first
                   Attempts
                   to
                   Practise
                   ,
                   
                     Euthyphron
                     ,
                     Menon
                     ,
                     Ion
                     ,
                     Charmides
                     ,
                     Thetaetus
                     .
                  
                   Of
                   Demonstration
                   ,
                   Protagoras
                   ;
                   of
                   Perswasion
                   ,
                   Ethydemus
                   ,
                   the
                   two
                   Hippiae
                   and
                   Gorgias
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   because
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   very
                   hot
                   Contention
                   among
                   Writers
                   ,
                   while
                   some
                   affirm
                   Plato
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Author
                   of
                   new
                   Opinions
                   ,
                   others
                   deny
                   it
                   ,
                   let
                   us
                   a
                   little
                   consider
                   how
                   it
                   stands
                   .
                   A
                   Dogmatist
                   is
                   properly
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   such
                   a
                   Person
                   who
                   starts
                   a
                   new
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   as
                   he
                   is
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Legislator
                   that
                   introduces
                   new
                   Laws
                   .
                   Now
                   the
                   Dogma
                   is
                   said
                   to
                   indifferently
                   ,
                   either
                   the
                   thing
                   about
                   which
                   the
                   Opinion
                   is
                   raised
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Opinion
                   it self
                   .
                   The
                   thing
                   about
                   which
                   the
                   Opinion
                   is
                   raised
                   ,
                   is
                   called
                   the
                   Proposition
                   ,
                   But
                   the
                   opinion
                   ,
                   is
                   called
                   the
                   
                     Supposition
                     .
                     Plato
                  
                   therefore
                   ,
                   whatever
                   he
                   apprehends
                   to
                   be
                   true
                   ;
                   those
                   things
                   he
                   expounds
                   ,
                   and
                   refutes
                   what
                   he
                   believes
                   to
                   be
                   false
                   .
                   Concerning
                   his
                   own
                   Sentiments
                   ,
                   he
                   discourses
                   under
                   the
                   Persons
                   of
                   
                     Socrates
                     ,
                     Timaeus
                  
                   ,
                   
                   His
                   Athenian
                   Guest
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Stranger
                   of
                   Elea.
                   Which
                   Strangers
                   were
                   not
                   as
                   some
                   Conjecture
                   ,
                   Plato
                   and
                   Parmenides
                   ;
                   but
                   fictitious
                   and
                   anonymous
                   Persons
                   .
                   When
                   he
                   quotes
                   the
                   words
                   of
                   Socrates
                   and
                   Timaus
                   ,
                   then
                   he
                   Dogmatizes
                   ,
                   or
                   asserts
                   some
                   new
                   Opinion
                   of
                   his
                   own
                   .
                   When
                   he
                   refutes
                   those
                   things
                   which
                   he
                   believes
                   to
                   be
                   false
                   ,
                   he
                   introduces
                   
                     Thrasymachus
                     ,
                     Callicles
                     ,
                     Polus
                     ,
                     Gorgias
                     ,
                     Protagoras
                     ,
                     Hippias
                     ,
                     Euthydemus
                  
                   and
                   some
                   others
                   .
                   When
                   he
                   demonstrates
                   ,
                   he
                   makes
                   use
                   of
                   Induction
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   not
                   only
                   single
                   ,
                   but
                   twosold
                   .
                   For
                   Induction
                   is
                   an
                   Argument
                   inferring
                   from
                   certain
                   undeniable
                   Truths
                   ,
                   that
                   whatever
                   is
                   like
                   to
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   Truths
                   ,
                   must
                   be
                   True.
                   Of
                   which
                   there
                   are
                   two
                   sorts
                   .
                   The
                   one
                   proceeding
                   from
                   Contrariety
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   from
                   Consequence
                   .
                
                 
                   Induction
                   from
                   Contrariety
                   ,
                   when
                   through
                   the
                   whole
                   Question
                   the
                   contrary
                   follows
                   to
                   what
                   is
                   asked
                   .
                   As
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   My
                   Father
                   is
                   either
                   the
                   same
                   Man
                   with
                   mine
                   ,
                   or
                   another
                   .
                   If
                   then
                   thy
                   Father
                   be
                   a
                   different
                   Person
                   from
                   my
                   Father
                   ,
                   seeing
                   he
                   is
                   another
                   Man
                   than
                   your
                   Father
                   ,
                   he
                   is
                   no
                   Father
                   .
                   But
                   if
                   he
                   be
                   the
                   same
                   with
                   my
                   Father
                   ,
                   being
                   the
                   same
                   with
                   my
                   Father
                   ,
                   he
                   must
                   be
                   my
                   Father
                   .
                   Again
                   ,
                   if
                   Man
                   were
                   not
                   a
                   living
                   Creature
                   ,
                   he
                   would
                   
                   be
                   either
                   a
                   piece
                   of
                   Wood
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   Stone
                   .
                   But
                   he
                   is
                   neither
                   Stone
                   nor
                   a
                   Piece
                   of
                   Wood
                   ,
                   for
                   he
                   has
                   Life
                   and
                   moves
                   of
                   himself
                   ;
                   therefore
                   he
                   is
                   a
                   Creature
                   .
                   If
                   then
                   he
                   be
                   a
                   Creature
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   a
                   Creature
                   be
                   a
                   Dog
                   ,
                   or
                   a
                   Bull
                   ,
                   Man
                   being
                   a
                   Creature
                   is
                   either
                   a
                   Dog
                   or
                   a
                   Bull.
                   And
                   this
                   is
                   that
                   sort
                   of
                   contention
                   by
                   Contrariety
                   ,
                   where
                   there
                   is
                   an
                   Opportunity
                   to
                   Cavil
                   ,
                   which
                   Plato
                   makes
                   use
                   of
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   assert
                   any
                   Opinions
                   ,
                   but
                   to
                   refute
                   those
                   of
                   other
                   Men.
                   
                
                 
                   Induction
                   by
                   Consequence
                   is
                   twofold
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   demonstrating
                   in
                   part
                   the
                   question
                   that
                   is
                   propounded
                   in
                   part
                   .
                   The
                   other
                   proving
                   generally
                   by
                   the
                   particular
                   ;
                   the
                   first
                   is
                   Rhetorical
                   ,
                   the
                   second
                   Logical
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   example
                   ,
                   the
                   Question
                   is
                   ,
                   whether
                   such
                   a
                   Person
                   slew
                   such
                   a
                   Man.
                   The
                   demonstration
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   apprehended
                   with
                   his
                   Cloaths
                   all
                   Bloody
                   about
                   such
                   a
                   time
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   Rhetorical
                   manner
                   of
                   Induction
                   is
                   this
                   .
                   For
                   that
                   Rhetoric
                   is
                   employed
                   in
                   Particulars
                   ,
                   not
                   in
                   Universals
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   does
                   not
                   enquire
                   into
                   Justice
                   it self
                   ,
                   but
                   into
                   the
                   parts
                   of
                   Justice
                   ,
                   or
                   what
                   things
                   are
                   particularly
                   just
                   .
                   The
                   other
                   is
                   Logical
                   ,
                   and
                   proves
                   the
                   General
                   by
                   the
                   Particulars
                   .
                   As
                   when
                   the
                   Question
                   is
                   whether
                   the
                   Soul
                   be
                   immortal
                   ,
                   and
                   whether
                   there
                   be
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   Deceased
                   that
                   are
                   living
                   ?
                   
                   Which
                   in
                   his
                   Book
                   of
                   the
                   Soul
                   is
                   proved
                   by
                   a
                   certain
                   General
                   ,
                   that
                   Contraries
                   are
                   produced
                   by
                   Contraries
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Universal
                   is
                   composed
                   of
                   certain
                   Particulars
                   ,
                   as
                   when
                   Sleep
                   is
                   composed
                   out
                   of
                   Waking
                   ,
                   or
                   quite
                   the
                   contrary
                   .
                   Or
                   the
                   greater
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   less
                   ;
                   or
                   the
                   less
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   greater
                   ;
                   which
                   sort
                   of
                   Argument
                   he
                   made
                   use
                   of
                   to
                   assert
                   his
                   own
                   Sentiments
                   .
                   For
                   as
                   formerly
                   in
                   Tragedies
                   the
                   Chorus
                   acted
                   alone
                   ;
                   afterwards
                   Thespis
                   brought
                   in
                   one
                   more
                   Actor
                   ,
                   to
                   give
                   the
                   Chorus
                   some
                   respite
                   ;
                   after
                   whom
                   Eschylus
                   added
                   a
                   Second
                   ,
                   Sophocles
                   a
                   third
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   Tragedy
                   was
                   brought
                   to
                   Perfection
                   .
                   So
                   Physical
                   Arguments
                   and
                   discourses
                   were
                   employed
                   at
                   first
                   about
                   one
                   single
                   sort
                   of
                   Natural
                   Philosophy
                   ;
                   when
                   Socrates
                   came
                   and
                   made
                   an
                   Addition
                   of
                   Ethics
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   Plato
                   added
                   a
                   third
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   Logic
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   brought
                   Philosophy
                   to
                   its
                   full
                   perfection
                   .
                   However
                   ▪
                   Thrasylus
                   asserts
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   made
                   use
                   of
                   the
                   Quadriloquie
                   of
                   the
                   Tragedians
                   in
                   most
                   of
                   his
                   Dialogues
                   .
                   For
                   there
                   were
                   four
                   manners
                   of
                   Representation
                   among
                   the
                   Tragedians
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Dionysian
                     ,
                     Lenaean
                     ,
                     Pan-Athenaean
                  
                   and
                   Chytrian
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   fourth
                   was
                   Satyrical
                   ,
                   and
                   these
                   four
                   sorts
                   of
                   Representation
                   were
                   called
                   the
                   Quadriloquie
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   four
                   sorts
                   of
                   Interlocution
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Dialogues
                   ,
                   which
                   
                   are
                   acknowledged
                   to
                   be
                   his
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   in
                   all
                   fifty
                   six
                   .
                   His
                   Commonwealth
                   ,
                   is
                   divided
                   into
                   ten
                   Books
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   found
                   almost
                   entire
                   in
                   the
                   Contradictions
                   of
                   Protagoras
                   ,
                   as
                   Phavorinus
                   relates
                   in
                   his
                   second
                   Book
                   of
                   Universal
                   History
                   .
                
                 
                   His
                   Laws
                   are
                   divided
                   into
                   twelve
                   Books
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Quadriloquies
                   are
                   nine
                   in
                   number
                   ,
                   his
                   Commonwealth
                   ,
                   making
                   one
                   Volume
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Laws
                   another
                   .
                   Now
                   then
                   his
                   first
                   Quadroloquy
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   comprehends
                   the
                   common
                   Hypothesis
                   ,
                   shewing
                   what
                   manner
                   of
                   Life
                   ,
                   the
                   Life
                   of
                   a
                   Philosopher
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   .
                   Moreover
                   he
                   puts
                   two
                   Titles
                   to
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   his
                   Books
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   from
                   the
                   Name
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   from
                   the
                   Subject
                   .
                   And
                   thus
                   the
                   first
                   in
                   this
                   Quadriloquie
                   is
                   called
                   Euthyphron
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   Sanctity
                   ;
                   being
                   a
                   Dialogue
                   written
                   to
                   try
                   what
                   he
                   could
                   do
                   .
                   The
                   next
                   is
                   the
                   defence
                   of
                   Socrates
                   ;
                   the
                   third
                   Crito
                   ,
                   concerning
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   practised
                   ,
                   a
                   moral
                   Dialogue
                   ,
                   the
                   fourth
                   ▪
                   Phaedo
                   ,
                   or
                   concerning
                   the
                   Soul
                   ,
                   a
                   moral
                   Dialogue
                   also
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   Quadriloquie
                   ,
                   the
                   first
                   is
                   Cratylus
                   ,
                   or
                   concerning
                   the
                   truth
                   of
                   Words
                   ,
                   a
                   Logical
                   Dialogue
                   .
                   The
                   Politician
                   .
                   Of
                   Kingly
                   Government
                   ,
                   Logical
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   third
                   Quadiloquie
                   ,
                   preceeds
                   Parmenides
                   ,
                   of
                   Ideas
                   ,
                   Logical
                   ;
                   in
                   the
                   next
                   place
                   ,
                   Philebus
                   ,
                   of
                   Pleasure
                   ,
                   Moral
                   .
                   Then
                   
                   the
                   Symposium
                   ,
                   Of
                   Love
                   ,
                   Moral
                   .
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   Phaedrus
                   ,
                   of
                   Good
                   ,
                   Moral
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   fourth
                   Quadriloquy
                   ,
                   Alcibiades
                   is
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     nature
                     of
                     Man
                     ,
                     Maieutic
                     .
                  
                   The
                   second
                   Alcibiades
                   ,
                   of
                   Prayer
                   ,
                   
                     Maieutic
                     .
                     Hippar●hus
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   Love
                   of
                   Gain
                   ,
                   Moral
                   .
                   Anterastie
                   ,
                   or
                   Philosophy
                   ,
                   Moral
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   fifth
                   Division
                   begins
                   with
                   Theages
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   Wisdom
                   Maieutic
                   ,
                   or
                   for
                   young
                   Beginners
                   ;
                   Charmides
                   ,
                   of
                   Frugality
                   ,
                   for
                   tryal
                   of
                   Parts
                   .
                   Laches
                   of
                   Fortitude
                   ,
                   for
                   young
                   Beginners
                   .
                   Lysis
                   of
                   Friendship
                   ,
                   the
                   same
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   sixth
                   Division
                   begins
                   with
                   Euthydemus
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Contentious
                   ,
                   Perswasive
                   ;
                   Protagoras
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Sophister
                   ,
                   Demonstrative
                   .
                   Gorgias
                   ,
                   of
                   Rhetoric
                   ,
                   Perswasive
                   .
                   Meto
                   ,
                   of
                   
                     Vertue
                     .
                     Peirastic
                  
                   ,
                   for
                   tryal
                   of
                   Skill
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   seventh
                   the
                   two
                   Hippiae
                   first
                   appear
                   ,
                   the
                   first
                   of
                   Honesty
                   ,
                   the
                   second
                   of
                   Lying
                   ,
                   both
                   exhortative
                   .
                   Ion
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Iliad
                     Peirastic
                     .
                     Menexenus
                  
                   or
                   the
                   Epitaph-writer
                   ,
                   Moral
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   eighth
                   Division
                   Clitophon
                   shews
                   it self
                   first
                   or
                   the
                   Exhorter
                   ,
                   Moral
                   .
                   The
                   The
                   Commonwealth
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   Justice
                   ,
                   Civil
                   .
                   Timaeus
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   Nature
                   ,
                   Philosophical
                   .
                   Critias
                   or
                   Atlanticus
                   ,
                   Moral
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   ninth
                   ,
                   Minos
                   preceeds
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     of
                     Law
                  
                   ,
                   
                   Civil
                   .
                   The
                   Laws
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   
                     making
                     Laws
                  
                   ,
                   Civil
                   .
                   Epinomis
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Philosopher
                   ,
                   Civil
                   .
                   Thirteen
                   Epistles
                   ,
                   all
                   Moral
                   :
                   The
                   one
                   to
                   Aristodemus
                   ;
                   to
                   Archytas
                   two
                   ;
                   to
                   Dionysius
                   four
                   ,
                   to
                   
                     Hermius
                     ,
                     Erastus
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Coriscus
                   one
                   :
                   to
                   Dio
                   one
                   ,
                   to
                   Perdiccas
                   one
                   ,
                   to
                   Leodamus
                   one
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Relations
                   of
                   Dio
                   ,
                   one
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   is
                   the
                   division
                   of
                   
                   Plato's
                   Writings
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   Thrasylus
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   agreed
                   to
                   by
                   most
                   .
                   But
                   others
                   there
                   are
                   ,
                   among
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   Aristophanes
                   the
                   Grammarian
                   ,
                   who
                   divides
                   his
                   Dialogues
                   into
                   Triloquies
                   ,
                   after
                   this
                   manner
                   ;
                   placing
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   his
                   
                     Commonwealth
                     ,
                     Timaeus
                  
                   and
                   Critias
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   his
                   
                     Politician
                     Sophister
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Cratylus
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   third
                   ,
                   his
                   Laws
                   ,
                   Minos
                   and
                   Epinomis
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   fourth
                   ,
                   
                     Theaetetus
                     ,
                     Euthymon
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Defence
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   fifth
                   ,
                   
                     Phaedo
                     ,
                     Crito
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Epistles
                   .
                   The
                   rest
                   they
                   put
                   by
                   themselves
                   ,
                   and
                   without
                   any
                   order
                   ,
                   some
                   beginning
                   with
                   his
                   Commonwealth
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   .
                   Others
                   from
                   his
                   Elder
                   Alcibiades
                   ,
                   some
                   from
                   his
                   Theages
                   ,
                   some
                   from
                   his
                   Euthyphron
                   ,
                   others
                   from
                   his
                   Clitophon
                   ;
                   some
                   from
                   his
                   Timaeus
                   ;
                   many
                   from
                   his
                   Phaedrus
                   ,
                   some
                   from
                   his
                   Theaetetus
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   from
                   his
                   Defence
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   Dialogues
                   which
                   are
                   attributed
                   to
                   Plato
                   ,
                   but
                   are
                   beyond
                   all
                   Controversie
                   none
                   of
                   his
                   ,
                   they
                   go
                   about
                   under
                   the
                   Inscriptions
                   of
                   Mido
                   or
                   
                     Hippostrophus
                     ,
                     Erycias
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Erasistratus
                     ,
                     Alcyon
                     ,
                     Acephalus
                  
                   ,
                   
                   or
                   
                     Sisyphus
                     ,
                     Axiochus
                     ,
                     Phaeaces
                     ,
                     Demodocus
                     ,
                     Chelidon
                     ,
                     Hebdome
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Epimenides
                   .
                   Of
                   these
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   bears
                   the
                   title
                   of
                   Alcyon
                   is
                   said
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   written
                   by
                   a
                   certain
                   Person
                   whose
                   name
                   was
                   Leon
                   ,
                   as
                   Phavorinus
                   testifies
                   in
                   his
                   fifth
                   Book
                   of
                   Commentaries
                   .
                   He
                   made
                   use
                   of
                   various
                   Names
                   to
                   preserve
                   his
                   Writings
                   from
                   being
                   thumbed
                   by
                   rude
                   and
                   illiterate
                   Readers
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   said
                   that
                   Wisdom
                   was
                   properly
                   the
                   knowledg
                   of
                   those
                   things
                   which
                   were
                   apprehended
                   by
                   the
                   Understanding
                   ,
                   and
                   were
                   truly
                   existent
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   separated
                   from
                   the
                   Body
                   in
                   the
                   Contemplation
                   of
                   God
                   and
                   the
                   Soul.
                   Moreover
                   he
                   defin'd
                   Wisdom
                   and
                   Philosphy
                   to
                   be
                   an
                   inbred
                   desire
                   of
                   Divine
                   or
                   Heavenly
                   Wisdom
                   .
                   But
                   generally
                   he
                   took
                   it
                   for
                   all
                   sort
                   of
                   Skill
                   and
                   Knowledg
                   ;
                   as
                   when
                   we
                   call
                   an
                   Artificer
                   a
                   
                     Knowing
                     Man.
                  
                   He
                   also
                   makes
                   use
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   words
                   to
                   signifie
                   several
                   things
                   .
                   Thus
                   he
                   makes
                   use
                   of
                   the
                   word
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   to
                   signify
                   Plain
                   or
                   Simple
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   Euripides
                   ,
                   thus
                   speaking
                   of
                   Hercules
                   in
                   his
                   Lysimnius
                   .
                   
                     
                       Careless
                       and
                       *
                       Plain
                       ,
                       but
                       for
                       the
                       most
                       part
                       honest
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Who
                       measured
                       Wisdom
                       still
                       by
                       Deeds
                       ,
                       not
                       words
                       ,
                    
                     
                     
                       
                         What
                         e're
                         he
                         said
                         he
                         meant
                         —
                      
                    
                  
                
                 
                   The
                   same
                   word
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   Plato
                   frequently
                   uses
                   sometimes
                   for
                   Honest
                   ,
                   sometimes
                   for
                   Small
                   :
                   tho'
                   at
                   other
                   times
                   he
                   makes
                   use
                   of
                   different
                   words
                   to
                   signify
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   .
                   Thus
                   he
                   calls
                   Idea
                   sometimes
                   Genus
                   ,
                   sometimes
                   
                     Species
                     ▪
                  
                   as
                   also
                   the
                   Beginning
                   ,
                   the
                   Exemplar
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Cause
                   .
                   Sometimes
                   he
                   expresses
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   by
                   contrary
                   words
                   .
                   Thus
                   he
                   give●
                   the
                   Names
                   of
                   Entity
                   and
                   
                     Non
                     Entity
                  
                   to
                   
                     Sensible
                     .
                     Entity
                  
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   is
                   generated
                   :
                   
                     Non
                     Entity
                  
                   ,
                   because
                   of
                   its
                   being
                   subject
                   to
                   continual
                   Change.
                   Moreover
                   he
                   calls
                   Idea
                   that
                   which
                   never
                   is
                   moved
                   ,
                   nor
                   is
                   permanent
                   ;
                   
                     the
                     same
                     ,
                     one
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   .
                   And
                   this
                   he
                   uses
                   to
                   do
                   in
                   several
                   other
                   things
                   .
                   As
                   for
                   his
                   works
                   ,
                   they
                   require
                   a
                   threefold
                   Exposition
                   .
                   First
                   ,
                   what
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Subjects
                   are
                   that
                   are
                   discoursed
                   of
                   ,
                   .
                   Then
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   the
                   Discourse
                   ;
                   whether
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   first
                   Intention
                   ,
                   or
                   in
                   lieu
                   of
                   an
                   Example
                   ,
                   whether
                   to
                   assert
                   or
                   〈◊〉
                   fute
                   :
                   and
                   thirdly
                   ,
                   whether
                   rightly
                   and
                   truly
                   said
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   next
                   place
                   ,
                   in
                   regard
                   there
                   are
                   several
                   marks
                   and
                   Characters
                   affixed
                   tohis
                   Books
                   ,
                   let
                   us
                   take
                   some
                   account
                   of
                   Them
                   also
                   .
                   The
                   Letter
                   X.
                   is
                   affixed
                   to
                   Sentences
                   
                   and
                   Figures
                   ,
                   altogether
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Platonic
                   Custom
                   .
                   Double
                   XX.
                   to
                   his
                   peculiar
                   Opinions
                   ,
                   and
                   Tenents
                   .
                   X′
                   accented
                   to
                   his
                   more
                   polite
                   and
                   elegant
                   Flourishes
                   .
                   Double
                   accented
                   X″
                   to
                   the
                   Emendations
                   of
                   others
                   .
                   A
                   little
                   Dagger
                   †
                   accented
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   rejecting
                   ridiculous
                   Confutations
                   .
                   An
                   Antisigma
                   to
                   shew
                   the
                   double
                   use
                   and
                   transpositions
                   of
                   Writing
                   .
                   A
                   small
                   Half-Moon
                   to
                   shew
                   the
                   Context
                   of
                   the
                   Philosophy
                   .
                   An
                   Astcrisk
                   *
                   to
                   shew
                   the
                   Concurrently
                   of
                   Opinions
                   .
                   A
                   Dagger
                   ,
                   to
                   denote
                   a
                   Confutation
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   thus
                   much
                   for
                   the
                   Notes
                   and
                   particular
                   Marks
                   ,
                   which
                   he
                   that
                   desired
                   to
                   understand
                   gave
                   s
                   much
                   Money
                   to
                   his
                   instructor
                   ,
                   as
                   Antigonus
                   the
                   Carystian
                   relates
                   in
                   his
                   Treatise
                   concerning
                   Zeno
                   ,
                   late
                   put
                   forth
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   his
                   Opinions
                   which
                   he
                   most
                   fancied
                   they
                   were
                   these
                   .
                   That
                   the
                   Soul
                   was
                   Immortal
                   ,
                   and
                   transmigrated
                   into
                   several
                   Bodies
                   ,
                   having
                   its
                   beginning
                   from
                   Number
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   the
                   Beginning
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   was
                   Geometrical
                   .
                   He
                   defined
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Idea
                   of
                   a
                   Spirit
                   altogether
                   separate
                   ,
                   moveing
                   it self
                   ,
                   and
                   consisting
                   of
                   three
                   parts
                   .
                   That
                   the
                   Rational
                   part
                   was
                   seated
                   in
                   the
                   Head.
                   That
                   part
                   which
                   was
                   subject
                   to
                   Passion
                   and
                   Anger
                   in
                   the
                   Heart
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Part
                   which
                   brought
                   forth
                   Desire
                   and
                   
                   Concupiscence
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Navel
                   and
                   Liver
                   .
                   That
                   it
                   encompassed
                   the
                   one
                   half
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   all
                   over
                   in
                   a
                   circular
                   Form
                   ,
                   consisting
                   of
                   the
                   Elements
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   being
                   divided
                   according
                   to
                   Harmonical
                   Intervals
                   ,
                   made
                   two
                   Semi-circles
                   joined
                   together●
                   the
                   innermost
                   of
                   which
                   being
                   divided
                   into
                   six
                   Parts
                   ,
                   made
                   all
                   the
                   other
                   seven
                   Circles
                   ;
                   and
                   lay
                   Diametrically
                   to
                   the
                   Left
                   side
                   within
                   :
                   the
                   other
                   close
                   to
                   the
                   side
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   Right
                   :
                   and
                   therefore
                   it
                   was
                   most
                   predominant
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   but
                   one
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   other
                   was
                   divided
                   within
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   one
                   was
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Other
                   :
                   alledging
                   this
                   to
                   be
                   motion
                   of
                   the
                   Soul
                   ;
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   Universe
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   Planets
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   the
                   middle
                   Segments
                   holding
                   Proportion
                   with
                   the
                   Extreams
                   ,
                   she
                   comprehends
                   all
                   Beings
                   ,
                   and
                   adapt●
                   'em
                   together
                   ,
                   as
                   having
                   the
                   Principles
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   in
                   her
                   ▪
                   self
                   according
                   to
                   Harmony
                   .
                   That
                   Opinion
                   arises
                   from
                   the
                   Elevation
                   of
                   the
                   Circle
                   of
                   the
                   Other
                   :
                   Knowledg
                   from
                   the
                   Elevation
                   of
                   the
                   Circle
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   there
                   were
                   two
                   Beginnings
                   of
                   all
                   Things
                   ,
                   God
                   and
                   Matter
                   ;
                   which
                   he
                   calls
                   Intelligence
                   ,
                   and
                   nominates
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Cause
                   .
                   That
                   Matter
                   is
                   without
                   form
                   and
                   immense
                   ;
                   from
                   the
                   coalition
                   and
                   conjunction
                   of
                   Forms
                   .
                   That
                   this
                   Matter
                   at
                   first
                   
                   being
                   hurried
                   up
                   and
                   down
                   without
                   order
                   ,
                   was
                   at
                   length
                   rammassed
                   together
                   into
                   one
                   Place
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   wise
                   God
                   ,
                   who
                   deem'd
                   Ordel
                   more
                   seemly
                   than
                   Disorder
                   .
                   That
                   this
                   existent
                   Matter
                   is
                   divided
                   into
                   four
                   Elements
                   ,
                   Fire
                   ,
                   Water
                   ,
                   Air
                   and
                   Earth
                   .
                   Out
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   things
                   therein
                   were
                   Created
                   ;
                   only
                   that
                   the
                   Earth
                   is
                   immutable
                   ;
                   believing
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   cause
                   of
                   that
                   Diversity
                   of
                   Forms
                   ,
                   whereof
                   it
                   consists
                   :
                   for
                   that
                   the
                   Forms
                   of
                   all
                   other
                   things
                   are
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   kind
                   ,
                   being
                   all
                   composed
                   of
                   one
                   Oblong
                   Triangle
                   ,
                   tho'
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   be
                   peculiar
                   to
                   it self
                   :
                   seeing
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   Fire
                   is
                   Pyramidical
                   :
                   the
                   Air
                   resembles
                   an
                   Octaedron
                   ,
                   the
                   Water
                   an
                   Icosaedron
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Form
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   is
                   Cubical
                   .
                   Which
                   is
                   the
                   reason
                   that
                   the
                   Earth
                   never
                   changes
                   into
                   Them
                   ,
                   nor
                   they
                   into
                   the
                   Earth
                   .
                   However
                   he
                   denies
                   every
                   Element
                   to
                   be
                   confin'd
                   to
                   its
                   proper
                   place
                   :
                   for
                   that
                   the
                   Circular
                   Motion
                   by
                   constraining
                   and
                   depressing
                   to
                   the
                   Center
                   ,
                   congregates
                   the
                   smaller
                   ,
                   but
                   separates
                   the
                   more
                   bulky
                   things
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   reason
                   that
                   when
                   they
                   change
                   their
                   forms
                   ,
                   they
                   also
                   change
                   their
                   Places
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   World
                   was
                   Created
                   single
                   and
                   one
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   made
                   a
                   sensible
                   Being
                   by
                   the
                   Creator
                   ;
                   as
                   being
                   for
                   its
                   greater
                   Excellency
                   
                   endued
                   with
                   Life
                   ;
                   and
                   as
                   the
                   most
                   glorious
                   of
                   Fabricks
                   proceeding
                   from
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   Causes
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   but
                   one
                   ,
                   though
                   not
                   Infinite
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                   Exemplar
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   it
                   was
                   Created
                   ,
                   is
                   but
                   one
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   it
                   is
                   of
                   a
                   Sphaerical
                   Figure
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   the
                   Form
                   of
                   the
                   Creator
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   encompasses
                   the
                   whole
                   Creation
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   World
                   contains
                   all
                   other
                   Forms
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   .
                   Moreover
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   smooth
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   other
                   Circular
                   Organ
                   ,
                   as
                   having
                   no
                   need
                   of
                   any
                   such
                   thing
                   ;
                   farther
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   World
                   is
                   Immortal
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   cannot
                   be
                   dissolv'd
                   again
                   into
                   God.
                   But
                   that
                   Cod
                   was
                   the
                   cause
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Creation
                   ,
                   since
                   only
                   that
                   which
                   was
                   good
                   ,
                   could
                   do
                   good
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   causes
                   was
                   also
                   the
                   cause
                   of
                   the
                   Creation
                   of
                   Heaven
                   .
                   For
                   that
                   there
                   could
                   be
                   no
                   other
                   cause
                   of
                   the
                   most
                   lovely
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Creation
                   than
                   the
                   best
                   and
                   most
                   excellent
                   of
                   intelligible
                   Beings
                   ;
                   which
                   it
                   being
                   certain
                   that
                   God
                   himself
                   is
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Heaven
                   is
                   also
                   likest
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   the
                   next
                   that
                   transcends
                   in
                   Beauty
                   ,
                   there
                   can
                   be
                   no
                   Creature
                   that
                   it
                   can
                   resemble
                   but
                   only
                   God.
                   
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   World
                   consists
                   of
                   Fire
                   ,
                   Water
                   ,
                   Air
                   and
                   Earth
                   .
                   Of
                   Fire
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   it
                   might
                   be
                   visible
                   .
                   Of
                   Earth
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   might
                   be
                   solid
                   ;
                   of
                   Air
                   and
                   Water
                   ,
                   that
                   
                   it
                   might
                   not
                   want
                   Proportion
                   .
                   For
                   solid
                   things
                   derive
                   their
                   Solidity
                   from
                   two
                   Mediums
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   the
                   whole
                   may
                   be
                   made
                   One.
                   But
                   then
                   it
                   takes
                   its
                   proportion
                   from
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   that
                   so
                   it
                   may
                   become
                   perfect
                   and
                   incorruptible
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   time
                   is
                   the
                   Image
                   of
                   Sempiternity
                   ,
                   which
                   always
                   endures
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   time
                   is
                   the
                   Circumrotation
                   of
                   the
                   Heavens
                   .
                   For
                   that
                   Nights
                   ,
                   and
                   Days
                   ,
                   and
                   Months
                   ,
                   &c.
                   are
                   but
                   parts
                   of
                   Time
                   :
                   and
                   therefore
                   there
                   could
                   be
                   no
                   time
                   without
                   the
                   nature
                   of
                   the
                   World.
                   That
                   after
                   the
                   Creation
                   of
                   Time
                   ,
                   were
                   also
                   Created
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   the
                   Moon
                   ,
                   and
                   Planets
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   God
                   kindl'd
                   the
                   Light
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   the
                   Hours
                   might
                   be
                   manifest
                   and
                   certain
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Creatures
                   might
                   be
                   capable
                   to
                   understand
                   Number
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Moon
                   moves
                   above
                   the
                   Circle
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   next
                   to
                   her
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   and
                   over
                   them
                   the
                   Planets
                   .
                   That
                   they
                   are
                   all
                   endued
                   with
                   Life
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   all
                   consolidated
                   by
                   a
                   Lively
                   Motion
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   for
                   the
                   greater
                   Perfection
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   being
                   made
                   like
                   to
                   the
                   Intelligible
                   Life
                   ▪
                   the
                   nature
                   of
                   all
                   Creatures
                   was
                   made
                   ,
                   which
                   the
                   Earth
                   enjoying
                   ,
                   the
                   Heavens
                   also
                   must
                   of
                   Necessity
                   enjoy
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Gods
                   were
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   of
                   a
                   fiery
                   Substance
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   various
                   sorts
                   of
                   Living
                   Creatures
                   were
                   divided
                   into
                   three
                   distinct
                   Kinds
                   ;
                   such
                   as
                   lived
                   in
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   the
                   Water
                   nourished
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   as
                   bred
                   upon
                   the
                   Earth
                   .
                   But
                   that
                   the
                   Earth
                   was
                   the
                   Eldest
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Deities
                   in
                   Heaven
                   .
                   The
                   Structure
                   of
                   which
                   was
                   reared
                   for
                   the
                   variation
                   of
                   Day
                   and
                   Night
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Earth
                   being
                   in
                   the
                   Center
                   ,
                   is
                   moved
                   about
                   the
                   Center
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   in
                   regard
                   he
                   asserted
                   two
                   Causes
                   ,
                   therefore
                   he
                   said
                   some
                   things
                   were
                   Diuturnal
                   ,
                   others
                   proceeded
                   from
                   the
                   necessary
                   Cause
                   ,
                   those
                   were
                   Fire
                   ,
                   Water
                   ,
                   Earth
                   and
                   Air
                   ,
                   not
                   Elements
                   exactly
                   neither
                   ,
                   but
                   capable
                   of
                   Impression
                   ;
                   which
                   consisted
                   of
                   Triangles
                   joined
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   would
                   be
                   resolved
                   again
                   into
                   the
                   same
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Elements
                   from
                   which
                   they
                   sprang
                   ,
                   were
                   the
                   oblong
                   Triangle
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Isosoeles
                   .
                   And
                   these
                   were
                   the
                   Beginnings
                   and
                   twofold
                   Causes
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   whose
                   Exemplar
                   and
                   Pattern
                   were
                   God
                   and
                   Matter
                   ;
                   which
                   of
                   Necessity
                   must
                   be
                   void
                   of
                   Form
                   ,
                   as
                   all
                   other
                   Substances
                   ,
                   capable
                   of
                   Impression
                   .
                   That
                   the
                   cause
                   of
                   these
                   things
                   was
                   a
                   necessary
                   cause
                   ,
                   which
                   receiving
                   the
                   Ideas
                   ,
                   begat
                   the
                   Substances
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   moved
                   by
                   the
                   dissimilitude
                   of
                   its
                   Power
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   by
                   its
                   own
                   Motion
                   compelled
                   those
                   things
                   that
                   were
                   moved
                   by
                   it
                   ,
                   to
                   move
                   contrary
                   to
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   these
                   Causes
                   at
                   first
                   moved
                   without
                   any
                   Order
                   ,
                   but
                   when
                   the
                   World
                   began
                   to
                   be
                   embellished
                   ,
                   and
                   adorn'd
                   ,
                   they
                   received
                   their
                   Symmetry
                   and
                   Order
                   from
                   God.
                   For
                   there
                   were
                   also
                   two
                   Causes
                   before
                   the
                   Creation
                   of
                   Heaven
                   ,
                   though
                   very
                   obscure
                   and
                   irregular
                   ,
                   till
                   the
                   World
                   was
                   brought
                   to
                   Perfection
                   :
                   and
                   then
                   the
                   Heaven
                   was
                   made
                   of
                   a
                   Mixture
                   ,
                   and
                   Materials
                   chosen
                   out
                   of
                   all
                   Existences
                   then
                   Created
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   held
                   that
                   God
                   and
                   the
                   Soul
                   were
                   Immaterial
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   as
                   being
                   such
                   and
                   no
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   it
                   could
                   be
                   free
                   from
                   Corruption
                   and
                   Perturbation
                   .
                   And
                   for
                   Ideas
                   he
                   supposes
                   'em
                   to
                   be
                   certain
                   Principles
                   and
                   Causes
                   that
                   such
                   and
                   such
                   things
                   are
                   by
                   Nature
                   what
                   they
                   are
                   .
                
                 
                   Concerning
                   Good
                   and
                   Evil
                   ,
                   his
                   Tenents
                   were
                   these
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   End
                   was
                   to
                   be
                   like
                   God.
                   That
                   vertue
                   was
                   sufficient
                   to
                   render
                   Life
                   happy
                   ;
                   though
                   it
                   wanted
                   these
                   Utensils
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   ,
                   as
                   Health
                   ,
                   Strength
                   ,
                   quickness
                   of
                   the
                   Senses
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   ;
                   or
                   the
                   exteriour
                   advantages
                   of
                   Wealth
                   ,
                   Nobility
                   ,
                   Honour
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   For
                   that
                   without
                   these
                   ,
                   a
                   wise
                   and
                   vertuous
                   Man
                   might
                   be
                   happy
                   ;
                   moreover
                   he
                   may
                   be
                   admitted
                   
                   to
                   the
                   Government
                   ,
                   he
                   may
                   Marry
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   will
                   be
                   sure
                   to
                   observe
                   the
                   Laws
                   ;
                   besides
                   he
                   will
                   make
                   as
                   wholesome
                   Laws
                   for
                   the
                   Benefit
                   of
                   his
                   Country
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   utmost
                   of
                   his
                   Ability
                   ,
                   unless
                   the
                   perverseness
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   frustrate
                   his
                   good
                   Intentions
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   held
                   that
                   the
                   Gods
                   took
                   Care
                   of
                   human
                   Affairs
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   there
                   were
                   also
                   Daem●ns
                   or
                   Spirits
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   first
                   design'd
                   the
                   Notion
                   of
                   Honest
                   to
                   be
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   contiguous
                   to
                   laudable
                   ,
                   rational
                   ,
                   profitable
                   and
                   seemly
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   imprinted
                   by
                   Nature
                   ,
                   and
                   taken
                   so
                   to
                   be
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   also
                   discoursed
                   of
                   the
                   truth
                   of
                   Words
                   ;
                   and
                   may
                   be
                   said
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   had
                   the
                   true
                   Art
                   of
                   putting
                   and
                   answering
                   Questions
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   his
                   continual
                   Practice
                   .
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   in
                   his
                   Dialogues
                   ,
                   he
                   allowed
                   the
                   Justice
                   of
                   God
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Law
                   ;
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   he
                   might
                   render
                   his
                   Perswasions
                   to
                   Justice
                   the
                   more
                   prevalent
                   ,
                   and
                   prevent
                   the
                   Punishment
                   of
                   Evil-Doers
                   after
                   Death
                   .
                   Which
                   was
                   the
                   Reason
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   look'd
                   upon
                   as
                   fabulous
                   and
                   trivial
                   by
                   some
                   Persons
                   ,
                   while
                   he
                   intermixed
                   in
                   his
                   Works
                   such
                   Stories
                   as
                   those
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   the
                   uncertainty
                   of
                   what
                   should
                   happen
                   after
                   Death
                   ,
                   would
                   be
                   a
                   means
                   to
                   deter
                   Men
                   from
                   injustice
                   and
                   injury
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   His
                   distribution
                   of
                   things
                   ,
                   as
                   Aristotle
                   affirms
                   ,
                   was
                   after
                   this
                   manner
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   Blessings
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   or
                   enjoyments
                   ,
                   some
                   are
                   of
                   the
                   Mind
                   ,
                   others
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   ,
                   others
                   Extrinsecal
                   .
                
                 
                   Justice
                   ,
                   Prudence
                   ,
                   Frugality
                   ,
                   &c.
                   he
                   plac'd
                   in
                   the
                   Mind
                   :
                   Beauty
                   ,
                   Health
                   ,
                   and
                   Strength
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Body
                   .
                   Riches
                   ,
                   Friends
                   ,
                   and
                   Prosperity
                   of
                   our
                   Country
                   ,
                   he
                   numbred
                   among
                   external
                   Happinesses
                   ;
                   and
                   thus
                   he
                   asserted
                   three
                   sorts
                   of
                   Blessings
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   also
                   divided
                   Friendship
                   into
                   three
                   sorts
                   ,
                   Natural
                   ,
                   Sociable
                   ,
                   and
                   Hospitable
                   .
                   Natural
                   ,
                   the
                   Friendship
                   of
                   Parents
                   to
                   their
                   Children
                   ,
                   and
                   Kindred
                   one
                   to
                   another
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   also
                   other
                   Living
                   Creatures
                   participate
                   .
                
                 
                   So●iable
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   Custom
                   and
                   Converse
                   begets
                   ,
                   where
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   tye
                   of
                   Consanguinity
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   that
                   between
                   Pylades
                   and
                   Orestes
                   .
                
                 
                   Hospitable
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   we
                   shew
                   to
                   Strangers
                   ,
                   being
                   induc'd
                   thereto
                   either
                   by
                   Letters
                   of
                   Recommendation
                   ,
                   or
                   some
                   secret
                   Sympathy
                   of
                   Disposition
                   ;
                   to
                   which
                   some
                   add
                   a
                   fourth
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   Amorous
                   Friendship
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   Forms
                   of
                   Civil
                   Government
                   ,
                   he
                   allowed
                   five
                   sorts
                   ,
                   
                     Democratical
                     ,
                     Aristocratical
                     ,
                     Oligarchical
                     ,
                     Regal
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Tyrannical
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Democratical
                   is
                   where
                   the
                   Multitude
                   have
                   the
                   Power
                   in
                   their
                   hands
                   ,
                   and
                   chuse
                   Magistrate●
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   their
                   own
                   Laws
                   .
                
                 
                   Aristocracy
                   ,
                   where
                   neither
                   the
                   Rich
                   ,
                   nor
                   the
                   Poor
                   ,
                   nor
                   the
                   Noble
                   ,
                   but
                   they
                   who
                   are
                   the
                   most
                   Just
                   and
                   Vertuous
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   the
                   Best
                   .
                
                 
                   Oligarchy
                   is
                   where
                   the
                   Magistrates
                   are
                   Elected
                   by
                   their
                   Estates
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   Rich
                   are
                   fewer
                   by
                   much
                   than
                   the
                   Poor
                   .
                
                 
                   Regal
                   Government
                   is
                   either
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Law
                   ,
                   or
                   by
                   Succession
                   .
                   The
                   Kingdom
                   of
                   the
                   Carthaginian●
                   is
                   a
                   Kingdom
                   according
                   to
                   Law
                   ,
                   (
                   for
                   it
                   is
                   Political
                   )
                   but
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   Lacedemonians
                   by
                   Succession
                   .
                
                 
                   Tyranny
                   is
                   that
                   when
                   the
                   People
                   a●●
                   govern'd
                   by
                   force
                   and
                   constraint
                   of
                   one
                   single
                   Person
                   against
                   their
                   wills
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   asserted
                   also
                   three
                   sorts
                   of
                   Justice
                   .
                   The
                   one
                   that
                   related
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   to
                   Men
                   ,
                   the
                   third
                   to
                   the
                   Deceased
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   they
                   that
                   Sacrifice
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Law
                   ▪
                   and
                   are
                   careful
                   in
                   observance
                   of
                   Religious
                   Ceremonies
                   are
                   Just
                   and
                   Pious
                   toward
                   the
                   Gods.
                   
                
                 
                   They
                   who
                   pay
                   their
                   Debts
                   ,
                   and
                   deliver
                   up
                   their
                   Trusts
                   ,
                   are
                   just
                   toward
                   Men
                   :
                   And
                   they
                   that
                   take
                   care
                   of
                   the
                   Monuments
                   of
                   their
                   Predecessors
                   ,
                   and
                   pay
                   their
                   Funeral
                   Duties
                   to
                   their
                   Friends
                   ,
                   are
                   just
                   to
                   the
                   Deceas'd
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   He
                   also
                   asserted
                   three
                   sorts
                   of
                   Knowledge
                   .
                   The
                   one
                   relating
                   to
                   Trade
                   and
                   Manufacture
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   Speculative
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   Practical
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   first
                   are
                   included
                   Carpenter●
                   ,
                   Shipwrights
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   ,
                   professing
                   a
                   Craft
                   or
                   Trade
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   Practical
                   he
                   referr'd
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   well
                   governing
                   ,
                   neat
                   piping
                   or
                   playing
                   upon
                   the
                   Har●
                   ▪
                   which
                   all
                   consist
                   in
                   practice
                   ,
                   their
                   labour
                   producing
                   nothing
                   to
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   of
                   any
                   piece
                   of
                   workmanship
                   wrought
                   to
                   perfection
                   and
                   shape
                   :
                   Only
                   the
                   one
                   Pipes
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   plays
                   on
                   the
                   Harp
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   manages
                   the
                   Government
                   .
                   But
                   Geometry
                   ,
                   Music
                   ,
                   Astrology
                   ,
                   &c.
                   are
                   contemplative
                   Sciences
                   :
                   For
                   they
                   neither
                   act
                   nor
                   practise
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Geometrician
                   contemplates
                   the
                   Proportion
                   of
                   Lines
                   one
                   to
                   another
                   .
                   The
                   Musician
                   contemplates
                   Sounds
                   :
                   And
                   the
                   Astronomer
                   contemplates
                   the
                   Stars
                   and
                   the
                   Heavens
                   .
                
                 
                   Physic
                   he
                   divided
                   into
                   five
                   sorts
                   .
                   
                     Pharmaceutic
                     ,
                     Chirurgioal
                     ,
                     Di●tetio
                     ,
                     Nosognemonic
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Boethetic
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Pharmaceutic
                   employs
                   it self
                   in
                   the
                   study
                   of
                   Druggs
                   ,
                   and
                   composition
                   of
                   Medic●ments
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Chirurgioal
                   cures
                   by
                   manual
                   Operation
                   ,
                   as
                   cutting
                   ,
                   cupping
                   and
                   burning
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Diaetetic
                   ,
                   prescribes
                   the
                   Laws
                   of
                   Diet.
                   
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   Nosogn●monic
                   enquires
                   into
                   the
                   nature
                   of
                   Diseases
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   the
                   B●●thetic
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   gives
                   present
                   ease
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   by
                   powerful
                   Remedies
                   speedily
                   expels
                   the
                   Distemper
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   makes
                   the
                   Law
                   to
                   be
                   twofold
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   written
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   not
                   written
                   :
                   That
                   Laws
                   by
                   which
                   we
                   govern
                   in
                   Common-wealths
                   ,
                   are
                   committed
                   to
                   writing
                   .
                   The
                   other
                   is
                   imprinted
                   in
                   our
                   hearts
                   by
                   Custom
                   and
                   Nature
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   we
                   ought
                   not
                   to
                   walk
                   naked
                   in
                   the
                   Market-place
                   ,
                   not
                   wear
                   Womens
                   Apparel
                   .
                   For
                   no
                   writte●
                   Law
                   prohibits
                   these
                   things
                   ;
                   only
                   they
                   are
                   Undecencies
                   which
                   the
                   Law
                   of
                   nature
                   forbids
                   .
                
                 
                   Orations
                   he
                   divided
                   into
                   five
                   sorts
                   :
                   Of
                   which
                   the
                   one
                   was
                   nam'd
                   Political
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   use
                   of
                   in
                   public
                   Assemblies
                   by
                   those
                   that
                   manag'd
                   the
                   public
                   Affairs
                   .
                   The
                   next
                   were
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   study'd
                   by
                   Rhetoricians
                   ,
                   in
                   Demonstrations
                   ,
                   Encomiums
                   ,
                   Accusations
                   ,
                   to
                   Commend
                   or
                   Vilifie
                   ;
                   which
                   was
                   call'd
                   Oratory
                   .
                   The
                   third
                   which
                   private
                   Persons
                   us'd
                   in
                   their
                   discourses
                   one
                   among
                   another
                   .
                   A
                   fourth
                   which
                   was
                   known
                   by
                   the
                   name
                   of
                   Logical
                   ,
                   us'd
                   in
                   short
                   Disputes
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   Questions
                   and
                   Answers
                   .
                   And
                   the
                   fifth
                   was
                   that
                   ,
                   whereby
                   Tradesmen
                   and
                   Artists
                   express'd
                   themselves
                   one
                   to
                   another
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Music
                   he
                   divided
                   into
                   three
                   kinds
                   ,
                   
                     Vocal
                     ,
                     Vocal
                  
                   and
                   Instrumental
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   Instrumental
                   alone
                   .
                
                 
                   Nobility
                   ,
                   he
                   divided
                   into
                   four
                   kinds
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   he
                   call'd
                   those
                   Noble
                   who
                   were
                   descended
                   from
                   Parents
                   Illustrious
                   ,
                   Just
                   and
                   Vertuous
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   next
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   the
                   Off-spring
                   of
                   Princes
                   and
                   Potentates
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   third
                   place
                   such
                   as
                   sprung
                   from
                   Parents
                   ennobled
                   by
                   their
                   Atchievements
                   in
                   War
                   ,
                   or
                   other
                   famous
                   Acts.
                   The
                   fourth
                   sort
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   the
                   most
                   Illustrious
                   and
                   Noble
                   above
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   that
                   render'd
                   themselves
                   famous
                   by
                   their
                   Courage
                   ,
                   their
                   Vertue
                   ,
                   Magnanimity
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   perfect
                   Probity
                   and
                   Integrity
                   .
                
                 
                   Beauty
                   ,
                   he
                   said
                   ,
                   was
                   threefold
                   :
                   The
                   one
                   laudable
                   in
                   it self
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Symmetry
                   of
                   L●neaments
                   and
                   Loveliness
                   of
                   Aspect
                   :
                   A
                   second
                   for
                   use
                   ,
                   which
                   appear'd
                   in
                   the
                   Ornamental
                   part
                   of
                   Building
                   and
                   Furniture
                   of
                   a
                   House
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   graceful
                   to
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   but
                   proper
                   for
                   Accommodation
                   .
                   The
                   third
                   had
                   reference
                   to
                   the
                   Laws
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Studies
                   to
                   which
                   we
                   apply'd
                   our selves
                   :
                   For
                   in
                   either
                   there
                   was
                   both
                   Majesty
                   ,
                   and
                   Benefit
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Soul
                   he
                   also
                   asserted
                   to
                   consist
                   of
                   three
                   parts
                   ,
                   Reason
                   ,
                   Appetite
                   ,
                   and
                   Passion
                   .
                   The
                   one
                   was
                   the
                   Seat
                   of
                   Counsel
                   ,
                   
                   Thought
                   ,
                   Consultation
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   The
                   second
                   was
                   the
                   came
                   of
                   Concupiscence
                   ,
                   Hunger
                   ,
                   Thirst
                   ,
                   and
                   desire
                   of
                   Generation
                   .
                   The
                   third
                   was
                   the
                   fountain
                   of
                   Confidence
                   ,
                   Pleasure
                   ,
                   Grief
                   ,
                   Anger
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   Of
                   perfect
                   Vertue
                   he
                   describ'd
                   four
                   sorts
                   .
                   The
                   first
                   Prudence
                   ,
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   Justice
                   ,
                   the
                   next
                   Fortitude
                   ,
                   the
                   Fourth
                   Temperance
                   .
                
                 
                   Prudence
                   taught
                   us
                   the
                   true
                   Management
                   of
                   all
                   our
                   actions
                   .
                
                 
                   Justice
                   instructed
                   us
                   to
                   be
                   upright
                   and
                   sincerce
                   in
                   our
                   dealings
                   and
                   converse
                   .
                
                 
                   Fortitude
                   inspir'd
                   into
                   us
                   the
                   scorn
                   and
                   contempt
                   of
                   danger
                   .
                
                 
                   Temperance
                   preferv'd
                   us
                   from
                   being
                   overcome
                   by
                   our
                   desires
                   ,
                   and
                   enslav'd
                   to
                   our
                   pleasures
                   ,
                   teaching
                   us
                   to
                   lead
                   our
                   lives
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Dictates
                   of
                   Modesty
                   and
                   Sobriety
                   .
                
                 
                   Magistracy
                   he
                   divides
                   into
                   five
                   sorts
                   ,
                   Lawful
                   ,
                   
                     Natural
                     ,
                     Customary
                     ,
                     Successive
                  
                   and
                   Violent
                   .
                
                 
                   Magistrates
                   that
                   bear
                   sway
                   in
                   Commonweals
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   be
                   chosen
                   by
                   the
                   People
                   ,
                   rule
                   according
                   to
                   Law.
                   According
                   to
                   Nature
                   ,
                   where
                   only
                   the
                   Male
                   Sex
                   is
                   admitted
                   to
                   Govern
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   seen
                   not
                   only
                   among
                   Men
                   ,
                   but
                   among
                   Beasts
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   guided
                   only
                   by
                   Nature's
                   Instinct
                   ▪
                   Customary
                   Rule
                   is
                   the
                   Government
                   of
                   
                   School-Masters
                   and
                   Tutors
                   over
                   Children
                   and
                   Pupils
                   .
                   Successive
                   is
                   like
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   Lacedaemonian
                   Kings
                   ,
                   who
                   claim
                   their
                   Right
                   to
                   the
                   Crown
                   as
                   being
                   descended
                   from
                   such
                   a
                   Line
                   .
                   And
                   such
                   is
                   the
                   Supream
                   Magistracy
                   among
                   the
                   Macedoni●…
                   who
                   are
                   govern'd
                   by
                   King's
                   that
                   derive
                   their
                   Pedigree
                   from
                   such
                   an
                   Original
                   .
                   But
                   a
                   Violent
                   Magistracy
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   forces
                   the
                   People
                   to
                   subjection
                   against
                   their
                   Wills.
                   
                
                 
                   He
                   divided
                   Rhetorick
                   into
                   six
                   parts
                   .
                   For
                   when
                   an
                   Orator
                   urges
                   the
                   undertaking
                   a
                   War
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   assisting
                   of
                   a
                   Confederate
                   ,
                   this
                   is
                   call'd
                   Exhortation
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   they
                   admonish
                   us
                   not
                   to
                   go
                   to
                   War
                   ,
                   but
                   to
                   live
                   at
                   peace
                   and
                   quiet
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   call'd
                   a
                   Dehortation
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   he
                   complains
                   that
                   such
                   a
                   person
                   has
                   receiv'd
                   an
                   injury
                   from
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   shews
                   the
                   Aggressors
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   the
                   occasion
                   of
                   many
                   mischiefs
                   ,
                   this
                   is
                   call'd
                   Accusation
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   he
                   apologizes
                   for
                   a
                   Man
                   ,
                   and
                   sets
                   forth
                   that
                   he
                   never
                   did
                   any
                   act
                   of
                   injustice
                   ,
                   or
                   any
                   other
                   ill
                   thing
                   ,
                   this
                   is
                   call'd
                   
                     making
                     ,
                     a
                     Defence
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   he
                   declares
                   a
                   Man
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Person
                   of
                   Integrity
                   ,
                   and
                   commends
                   him
                   for
                   his
                   Vertue
                   ,
                   This
                   is
                   call'd
                   an
                   Encomium
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   demonstrates
                   and
                   displays
                   the
                   Vices
                   and
                   Lewdness
                   of
                   another
                   ▪
                   Person
                   ,
                   this
                   is
                   Discommendation
                   or
                   Dispraise
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   speaking
                   Truth
                   ,
                   he
                   said
                   four
                   things
                   were
                   to
                   be
                   consider'd
                   :
                   What
                   it
                   behoves
                   us
                   to
                   speak
                   ;
                   how
                   much
                   ;
                   to
                   whom
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   .
                
                 
                   What
                   it
                   behoves
                   us
                   to
                   speak
                   ,
                   is
                   only
                   that
                   which
                   we
                   think
                   may
                   be
                   profitable
                   ,
                   and
                   useful
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   to
                   the
                   Speaker
                   as
                   the
                   Hearer
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   how
                   much
                   ;
                   not
                   more
                   than
                   was
                   requisite
                   ,
                   nor
                   less
                   than
                   was
                   sufficient
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   whom
                   we
                   were
                   to
                   speak
                   ;
                   if
                   it
                   were
                   to
                   our
                   Seniours
                   that
                   had
                   been
                   tardy
                   ,
                   such
                   words
                   became
                   us
                   as
                   were
                   proper
                   to
                   be
                   spoken
                   to
                   persons
                   of
                   their
                   Age
                   :
                   If
                   to
                   our
                   Juniors
                   ,
                   we
                   might
                   be
                   bold
                   to
                   take
                   a
                   greater
                   liberty
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   Season
                   when
                   ?
                   neither
                   too
                   soon
                   ,
                   nor
                   too
                   late
                   ;
                   in
                   regard
                   there
                   was
                   nothing
                   more
                   ridiculous
                   than
                   to
                   speak
                   out
                   of
                   Season
                   .
                
                 
                   Beneficence
                   he
                   said
                   ,
                   was
                   fourfold
                   :
                   for
                   that
                   kindnesses
                   were
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   either
                   with
                   our
                   money
                   ,
                   with
                   our
                   Bodies
                   ,
                   with
                   our
                   Skill
                   ,
                   or
                   with
                   our
                   Words
                   .
                
                 
                   With
                   our
                   Money
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   relieve
                   the
                   pinching
                   necessities
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   in
                   want
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   With
                   our
                   Bodies
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   protect
                   and
                   defend
                   the
                   less
                   able
                   from
                   violence
                   and
                   mischiefs
                   offer'd
                   to
                   their
                   Persons
                   .
                
                 
                   With
                   our
                   Skill
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   instruct
                   the
                   Ignorant
                   ,
                   cure
                   the
                   Sick
                   ,
                   or
                   put
                   a
                   Man
                   in
                   a
                   way
                   to
                   get
                   a
                   Livelihood
                   .
                
                 
                   With
                   our
                   Words
                   ,
                   when
                   a
                   Man
                   is
                   question'd
                   for
                   his
                   life
                   ,
                   and
                   another
                   procures
                   his
                   pardon
                   by
                   speaking
                   in
                   his
                   behalf
                   ;
                   or
                   gets
                   him
                   ▪
                   acquitted
                   by
                   the
                   force
                   of
                   his
                   Eloquence
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   affirm'd
                   ,
                   That
                   business
                   was
                   brought
                   to
                   an
                   end
                   four
                   ways
                   ;
                   either
                   Legally
                   ,
                   as
                   when
                   a
                   Decree
                   is
                   confirm'd
                   and
                   establish'd
                   by
                   Law
                   :
                
                 
                   Or
                   according
                   to
                   Nature
                   ,
                   and
                   thus
                   the
                   days
                   ,
                   the
                   hours
                   ,
                   and
                   years
                   come
                   to
                   an
                   end
                   :
                
                 
                   Or
                   Artificially
                   ,
                   as
                   when
                   an
                   Architect
                   has
                   finish'd
                   a
                   House
                   ;
                   or
                   a
                   Ship-wright
                   has
                   done
                   building
                   a
                   Ship
                   :
                
                 
                   Or
                   Accidentally
                   ;
                   as
                   when
                   a
                   thing
                   comes
                   to
                   pass
                   ,
                   otherwise
                   than
                   we
                   expected
                   .
                
                 
                   Power
                   he
                   divided
                   also
                   into
                   four
                   kinds
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   one
                   had
                   relation
                   to
                   the
                   Mind
                   ,
                   as
                   ability
                   to
                   Think
                   ,
                   to
                   Meditate
                   ,
                   to
                   Invent
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   second
                   in
                   reference
                   to
                   the
                   strength
                   of
                   Body
                   ;
                   as
                   a
                   power
                   to
                   walk
                   ,
                   to
                   strike
                   ,
                   to
                   give
                   and
                   receive
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   third
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   are
                   Potent
                   in
                   Military
                   Forces
                   ,
                   and
                   wealthy
                   in
                   Money
                   ,
                   
                   which
                   enables
                   us
                   for
                   great
                   undertakings
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   he
                   that
                   abounds
                   with
                   Men
                   and
                   Riches
                   ,
                   is
                   call'd
                   a
                   Potent
                   Prince
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   fourth
                   sort
                   of
                   Power
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   do
                   or
                   suffer
                   well
                   or
                   ill
                   :
                   And
                   thus
                   we
                   have
                   a
                   power
                   to
                   live
                   in
                   health
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   taught
                   ,
                   to
                   sing
                   or
                   play
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   made
                   Humanity
                   to
                   be
                   threefold
                   :
                   The
                   first
                   consisting
                   in
                   Salutation
                   and
                   Complements
                   ,
                   as
                   when
                   a
                   Man
                   meeting
                   another
                   salutes
                   him
                   kindly
                   ,
                   and
                   freely
                   give●
                   him
                   his
                   right
                   hand
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   second
                   sort
                   is
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   compassionately
                   relieve
                   the
                   distressed
                   in
                   their
                   Afflictions
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   third
                   sort
                   consists
                   in
                   Feasting
                   and
                   Invitations
                   ,
                   and
                   cordial
                   Entertainments
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   numbred
                   five
                   sorts
                   of
                   Felicity
                   .
                   The
                   first
                   happiness
                   and
                   success
                   in
                   Counsel
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   second
                   ,
                   vigour
                   of
                   Mind
                   and
                   Body
                   ,
                   found
                   judgment
                   and
                   strength
                   of
                   Body
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   third
                   ,
                   Success
                   and
                   Prosperity
                   in
                   our
                   Undertakings
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   fourth
                   ,
                   Precedency
                   in
                   Glory
                   ,
                   Honour
                   and
                   Authority
                   among
                   Men.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   fifth
                   ,
                   Affluence
                   of
                   Wealth
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   other
                   accommodations
                   of
                   Life
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   sound
                   and
                   wholsome
                   counsel
                   sprang
                   from
                   Learning
                   and
                   Experience
                   :
                   Vigour
                   of
                   Mind
                   and
                   Body
                   from
                   a
                   sound
                   constitution
                   of
                   health
                   ,
                   and
                   perfection
                   in
                   
                   the
                   members
                   ,
                   as
                   sharpness
                   of
                   Sight
                   ,
                   quickness
                   of
                   Hearing
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   Prosperity
                   proceeds
                   from
                   hence
                   ,
                   That
                   a
                   wise
                   Man
                   considers
                   what
                   he
                   has
                   to
                   do
                   ,
                   before
                   he
                   puts
                   his
                   designs
                   in
                   Execution
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   Fame
                   and
                   Glory
                   flow'd
                   from
                   the
                   Opinion
                   of
                   Men.
                   
                
                 
                   That
                   Plenty
                   consisted
                   in
                   the
                   abundance
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   useful
                   and
                   requisite
                   for
                   Human
                   Life
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   entertain
                   his
                   Friends
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   be
                   magnificent
                   and
                   liberal
                   in
                   all
                   his
                   Actions
                   :
                   And
                   these
                   Felicities
                   whoever
                   enjoy'd
                   ,
                   might
                   be
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   perfectly
                   happy
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Arts
                   he
                   divided
                   into
                   three
                   sorts
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   some
                   were
                   employ'd
                   in
                   the
                   working
                   of
                   Metals
                   ,
                   and
                   squaring
                   of
                   Timber
                   ,
                   and
                   generally
                   in
                   the
                   preparation
                   of
                   Materials
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   second
                   sort
                   of
                   Arts
                   are
                   such
                   as
                   frame
                   and
                   shape
                   these
                   Materials
                   ;
                   as
                   the
                   Smith
                   forges
                   Arms
                   out
                   of
                   Iron
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Musical
                   Artist
                   ,
                   Pipes
                   and
                   Harps
                   out
                   of
                   Wood.
                   The
                   third
                   sort
                   of
                   Arts
                   ,
                   are
                   proper
                   to
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   learn'd
                   the
                   use
                   of
                   what
                   the
                   others
                   make
                   ;
                   Thus
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   Horsemanship
                   ,
                   makes
                   use
                   of
                   Bridles
                   ;
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   War
                   ,
                   of
                   Arms
                   ;
                   and
                   Music
                   of
                   Pipes
                   and
                   Harps
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   reckon'd
                   that
                   the
                   signification
                   of
                   Good
                   might
                   be
                   apply'd
                   four
                   ways
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   First
                   ,
                   We
                   call
                   him
                   a
                   good
                   Man
                   ,
                   who
                   is
                   endu'd
                   with
                   Vertue
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   next
                   place
                   we
                   deem
                   Vertue
                   it self
                   ,
                   and
                   Justice
                   to
                   be
                   good
                   things
                   .
                
                 
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   We
                   account
                   Food
                   ,
                   Exercise
                   ,
                   and
                   Physick
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   good
                   things
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   fourth
                   place
                   ,
                   as
                   when
                   we
                   say
                   a
                   good
                   Actor
                   ,
                   a
                   good
                   Lutinist
                   ,
                   a
                   good
                   Singer
                   .
                
                 
                   Many
                   things
                   he
                   affirm'd
                   to
                   be
                   good
                   ,
                   others
                   to
                   be
                   evil
                   ;
                   and
                   other
                   things
                   to
                   be
                   sometimes
                   good
                   ,
                   sometimes
                   bad
                   .
                
                 
                   Evil
                   things
                   were
                   such
                   as
                   were
                   absolutely
                   hurtful
                   ,
                   as
                   Intemperance
                   ,
                   Madness
                   ,
                   Iniquity
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   .
                   Things
                   to
                   be
                   desired
                   were
                   such
                   as
                   were
                   contrary
                   to
                   these
                   .
                   Things
                   good
                   or
                   bad
                   were
                   
                     Walking
                     ,
                     Sitting
                     ,
                     Feeding
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   sometimes
                   did
                   good
                   ,
                   sometimes
                   harm
                   .
                
                 
                   Equity
                   and
                   moderation
                   in
                   the
                   Law
                   he
                   alledged
                   to
                   be
                   threefold
                   .
                   For
                   first
                   if
                   the
                   Laws
                   were
                   just
                   ,
                   they
                   were
                   to
                   be
                   deem'd
                   equal
                   .
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   People
                   were
                   careful
                   to
                   observe
                   the
                   Laws
                   as
                   they
                   were
                   establish'd
                   .
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Common-wealth
                   were
                   rightly
                   govern'd
                   ,
                   without
                   written
                   Laws
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Customs
                   and
                   Manners
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   .
                
                 
                   Irregularity
                   also
                   he
                   distinguish'd
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   ,
                   first
                   ,
                   if
                   such
                   Laws
                   were
                   established
                   as
                   were
                   prejudicial
                   both
                   to
                   the
                   Natives
                   and
                   Foreigners
                   .
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   
                   People
                   refus'd
                   to
                   obey
                   the
                   settl'd
                   Constitutions
                   .
                   And
                   thirdly
                   ,
                   where
                   there
                   was
                   no
                   Law
                   at
                   all
                   .
                
                 
                   Contraries
                   he
                   made
                   to
                   be
                   threefold
                   :
                   First
                   ,
                   good
                   things
                   are
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   contrary
                   to
                   evil
                   ,
                   as
                   Justice
                   to
                   Injustice
                   ,
                   Prudence
                   to
                   Folly.
                   
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   second
                   place
                   ;
                   when
                   bad
                   is
                   contrary
                   to
                   evil
                   .
                   Thus
                   Prodigality
                   is
                   contrary
                   to
                   Penuriousness
                   ;
                   and
                   unjust
                   Punishment
                   ,
                   to
                   unjust
                   Impunity
                   .
                
                 
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   when
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   contrariety
                   between
                   things
                   neither
                   good
                   nor
                   bad
                   .
                   As
                   Poverty
                   and
                   Riches
                   ;
                   for
                   neither
                   are
                   good
                   in
                   themselves
                   ,
                   yet
                   contrary
                   one
                   to
                   another
                   .
                   In
                   like
                   manner
                   ,
                   Ponderosity
                   and
                   Levity
                   ,
                   swift
                   and
                   slow
                   ,
                   black
                   and
                   white
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   all
                   neither
                   good
                   nor
                   bad
                   ,
                   yet
                   contrary
                   to
                   each
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   good
                   things
                   he
                   averr'd
                   three
                   sorts
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   some
                   were
                   to
                   be
                   acquired
                   ;
                   some
                   of
                   which
                   we
                   might
                   partake
                   ;
                   and
                   others
                   existent
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   good
                   things
                   which
                   might
                   be
                   acquired
                   were
                   Justice
                   ,
                   Health
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   second
                   sort
                   were
                   such
                   things
                   as
                   could
                   not
                   be
                   acquired
                   ,
                   yet
                   of
                   which
                   we
                   might
                   be
                   made
                   partakers
                   .
                   Thus
                   it
                   was
                   impossible
                   to
                   attain
                   the
                   real
                   Good
                   it self
                   ,
                   yet
                   was
                   it
                   not
                   impossible
                   to
                   enjoy
                   the
                   Communication
                   of
                   Good.
                   
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   third
                   sort
                   were
                   such
                   things
                   as
                   were
                   exislent
                   ;
                   which
                   we
                   could
                   neither
                   possess
                   ▪
                   nor
                   participate
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   the
                   thing
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   .
                   Thus
                   a
                   Man
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   Just
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   Honest
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   Which
                   are
                   things
                   that
                   a
                   Man
                   can
                   neither
                   enjoy
                   nor
                   communicate
                   ;
                   only
                   it
                   is
                   sufficient
                   for
                   a
                   Man
                   to
                   be
                   Honest
                   ,
                   and
                   Just
                   .
                
                 
                   Counsel
                   also
                   he
                   alledged
                   to
                   be
                   threefold
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   taken
                   from
                   the
                   time
                   past
                   ,
                   the
                   time
                   present
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   time
                   to
                   come
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   time
                   Past
                   affords
                   us
                   Examples
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   consider
                   what
                   the
                   Lacedaemonians
                   suffer'd
                   through
                   their
                   over
                   Confidence
                   :
                   what
                   they
                   bravely
                   acted
                   ,
                   for
                   our
                   Imitation
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Present
                   Time
                   admonishes
                   us
                   to
                   consider
                   the
                   Decay
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   Walls
                   ;
                   the
                   faint-heartedness
                   and
                   present
                   dismay
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   scarcity
                   of
                   Provisions
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Future
                   puts
                   us
                   in
                   mind
                   to
                   beware
                   of
                   violating
                   the
                   Priviledges
                   of
                   Ambassadors
                   to
                   the
                   dishonour
                   of
                   Greece
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Voice
                   he
                   said
                   was
                   either
                   Animate
                   ,
                   or
                   Inanimate
                   .
                
                 
                   Animate
                   ,
                   were
                   the
                   several
                   Cries
                   ,
                   Bellowings
                   ,
                   and
                   Howlings
                   of
                   living
                   Creatures
                   .
                
                 
                   Inanimate
                   were
                   the
                   various
                   sounds
                   of
                   things
                   Inanimate
                   ,
                   thumping
                   and
                   knocking
                   one
                   against
                   the
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Animate
                   he
                   divided
                   into
                   Articulate
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   was
                   the
                   Speech
                   of
                   Men
                   ;
                   and
                   Inarticulate
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   were
                   the
                   several
                   noises
                   of
                   Mute
                   Creatures
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   all
                   Beings
                   ,
                   some
                   he
                   said
                   were
                   subject
                   to
                   division
                   ,
                   others
                   were
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   divided
                   .
                   And
                   of
                   those
                   things
                   that
                   might
                   be
                   divided
                   some
                   consisted
                   of
                   similar
                   ,
                   some
                   of
                   dissimilar
                   parts
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   those
                   things
                   that
                   do
                   not
                   admit
                   of
                   division
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   simple
                   ,
                   unmixt
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   composition
                   at
                   all
                   ;
                   as
                   an
                   Unite
                   ,
                   a
                   Point
                   ,
                   a
                   Sound
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   those
                   things
                   which
                   are
                   subject
                   to
                   be
                   divided
                   ,
                   are
                   compounded
                   ,
                   as
                   Syllables
                   ,
                   Consonants
                   ,
                   Animals
                   ,
                   Water
                   and
                   Gold.
                   
                
                 
                   Similar
                   things
                   are
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   composed
                   of
                   like
                   Parts
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   Whole
                   differs
                   not
                   from
                   the
                   Part
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   Bulk
                   or
                   Quantity
                   :
                   As
                   Water
                   and
                   Gold.
                   
                
                 
                   Dissimilars
                   are
                   such
                   as
                   consist
                   of
                   Parts
                   that
                   are
                   unlike
                   ,
                   as
                   a
                   House
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   Some
                   things
                   also
                   he
                   defin'd
                   to
                   be
                   such
                   things
                   as
                   needed
                   no
                   farther
                   interpretation
                   ,
                   than
                   only
                   the
                   bare
                   naming
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   us
                   understand
                   what
                   they
                   were
                   ,
                   as
                   a
                   Man
                   ,
                   a
                   Horse
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   of
                   all
                   other
                   Creatures
                   .
                
                 
                   Other
                   things
                   there
                   were
                   that
                   could
                   not
                   be
                   understood
                   without
                   an
                   Additional
                   Interpretation
                   ;
                   as
                   Better
                   than
                   ,
                   Bigger
                   than
                   ,
                   Fairer
                   than
                   ;
                   For
                   Better
                   is
                   Better
                   
                   than
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   Worse
                   .
                   Bigger
                   ,
                   is
                   Bigger
                   than
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   Less
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   of
                   the
                   rest
                   .
                   And
                   thus
                   he
                   divided
                   the
                   first
                   Genus's
                   of
                   things
                   according
                   to
                   Aristotle
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   were
                   also
                   besides
                   our
                   famous
                   Plato
                   ,
                   several
                   others
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   name
                   .
                
                 
                   One
                   that
                   was
                   a
                   Philosopher
                   likewise
                   ,
                   and
                   born
                   at
                   Rhodes
                   ,
                   the
                   Disciple
                   of
                   Panatius
                   ,
                   as
                   Seleucus
                   the
                   Grammarian
                   records
                   in
                   his
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Philosophy
                   ;
                   another
                   that
                   was
                   a
                   Peripatetic
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Disciple
                   of
                   Aristotle
                   :
                   And
                   one
                   more
                   ,
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Praxiphanes
                   ,
                   a
                   Comic
                   Poet
                   ,
                   that
                   wrote
                   after
                   the
                   Ancient
                   manner
                   of
                   freedom
                   without
                   respect
                   of
                   Persons
                   ,
                   in
                   imitation
                   of
                   Aristophanes
                   .
                
              
            
             
               The
               End
               of
               the
               Third
               Book
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             
               Diogenes
               Laertius
            
             ,
             Containing
             the
             Lives
             ,
             Opinions
             ,
             and
             Apothegms
             Of
             the
             most
             Famous
             PHILOSOPHERS
             .
          
           
             The
             Fourth
             Book
             ,
          
           
             Translated
             from
             the
             Greek
             by
             
               J.
               Philips
            
             ,
             Gent.
             
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               SPEVSIPPVS
               .
            
             
               THUS
               have
               we
               ,
               to
               the
               utmost
               of
               our
               power
               ,
               made
               a
               true
               and
               faithful
               Collection
               of
               whatever
               has
               occur'd
               to
               our
               Enquiry
               concerning
               the
               Life
               of
               Plato
               .
            
             
               To
               him
               succeeded
               Speusippus
               an
               Athenian
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Eurymedon
               ,
               and
               Potone
               the
               Sister
               of
               Plato
               ,
               born
               in
               the
               Village
               of
               Myrchinusium
               .
               He
               govern'd
               Plato's
               School
               
               for
               eight
               years
               together
               ,
               beginning
               from
               the
               hundred
               and
               eighth
               Olympiad
               .
               He
               plac'd
               the
               Statues
               of
               the
               Graces
               also
               in
               the
               School
               ,
               which
               was
               erected
               by
               Plato
               in
               the
               Academy
               .
               He
               likewise
               persever'd
               in
               the
               same
               Opinions
               with
               Plato
               ,
               but
               differed
               in
               his
               Manners
               .
               For
               he
               was
               hasty
               ,
               and
               addicted
               to
               pleasure
               :
               Therefore
               it
               is
               reported
               of
               him
               ,
               that
               in
               his
               Passion
               he
               threw
               a
               little
               whelp
               into
               a
               Well
               ,
               and
               that
               to
               indulge
               his
               pleasure
               ,
               he
               made
               a
               Journey
               into
               Macedonia
               ,
               to
               be
               present
               at
               the
               Nuptials
               of
               Cassander
               .
               He
               is
               also
               said
               to
               have
               been
               a
               hearer
               of
               
               Plato's
               she
               Disciples
               Lasthenia
               the
               Prophetess
               ,
               and
               Axiothea
               the
               Phliasian
               .
               Whence
               it
               happen'd
               that
               Dionysius
               thus
               derides
               him
               ;
               
                 And
                 we
                 may
                 learn
                 Philosophy
                 from
                 thy
                 Female
              
               Arcadian
               Disciple
               .
               And
               in
               another
               place
               ,
               Plato
               taught
               for
               nothing
               all
               that
               came
               to
               his
               house
               ,
               but
               thou
               exactest
               pay
               ,
               and
               scrap'st
               as
               well
               from
               the
               unwilling
               as
               the
               willing
               .
               He
               was
               the
               first
               ,
               according
               to
               Diodorus
               in
               his
               first
               Book
               of
               Commentaries
               ,
               who
               first
               sought
               out
               for
               what
               was
               common
               in
               all
               Arts
               and
               Sciences
               ,
               and
               as
               far
               as
               could
               be
               done
               ,
               joyn'd
               'em
               together
               ,
               and
               made
               'em
               agree
               one
               with
               another
               .
               He
               likewise
               first
               divulg'd
               those
               things
               called
               Mysteries
               by
               Isocrates
               ,
               as
               Caenous
               affirms
               :
               And
               was
               the
               first
               that
               invented
               
               the
               way
               of
               making
               Wicker
               Baskets
               ,
               and
               such
               like
               hollow
               Utensils
               compos'd
               of
               Twigs
               .
               At
               length
               finding
               his
               Body
               consum'd
               by
               a
               Palsey
               ,
               he
               sent
               for
               Xenocrates
               ,
               desiring
               him
               to
               come
               and
               succeed
               him
               in
               his
               School
               .
               While
               he
               was
               in
               this
               condition
               ,
               it
               is
               reported
               that
               being
               carry'd
               in
               a
               little
               Chariot
               to
               the
               Academy
               ,
               he
               met
               Diogenes
               ,
               whom
               after
               he
               had
               saluted
               with
               the
               usual
               complement
               ,
               of
               ,
               
                 I
                 am
                 glad
                 to
                 see
                 you
                 well
                 .
              
               The
               other
               reply'd
               ,
               
                 But
                 I
                 won't
                 wish
                 you
                 well
                 ,
                 that
                 can
                 endure
                 a
                 life
                 so
                 miserable
                 .
              
               At
               last
               wasted
               with
               old
               age
               ,
               such
               was
               his
               despair
               and
               discontent
               ,
               that
               of
               his
               own
               accord
               he
               put
               an
               end
               to
               his
               irk●om
               Life
               .
               However
               Plutarch
               ,
               in
               his
               Life
               of
               Lysander
               and
               Sylla
               ,
               reports
               that
               he
               was
               all
               over-run
               with
               Lice
               :
               for
               he
               was
               of
               an
               infirm
               and
               loose
               Constitution
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               Report
               of
               Timotheus
               in
               his
               
                 Book
                 of
                 Lives
              
               .
            
             
               To
               a
               rich
               Man
               that
               lov'd
               a
               deform'd
               Woman
               ,
               he
               is
               said
               to
               have
               given
               this
               rebuke
               :
               
                 What
                 need
                 hast
                 thou
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Dowdy
                 as
                 this
                 ?
                 For
                 I
                 'le
                 procure
                 thee
                 a
                 far
                 handsomer
                 for
                 ten
                 Talents
                 .
              
            
             
               He
               left
               behind
               him
               a
               great
               number
               of
               Commentaries
               ,
               and
               several
               Dialogues
               ;
               among
               which
               is
               that
               of
               Aristippus
               the
               Cyrenaean
               .
               Of
               Riches
               ,
               one
               ;
               Of
               Pleasure
               ,
               one
               ;
               Of
               Justice
               ,
               one
               ;
               Of
               Philosophy
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               
               Friendship
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               the
               Gods
               ,
               one
               :
               The
               Philosopher
               ,
               one
               :
               To
               Cephalus
               ,
               one
               :
               Cleinomachus
               ,
               or
               Lysias
               ,
               one
               :
               The
               Citizen
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               the
               Soul
               ,
               one
               :
               To
               Gryllus
               ,
               one
               :
               Aristippus
               ,
               one
               :
               The
               
                 Probation
                 of
                 Arts
              
               ,
               one
               :
               Dialogues
               by
               way
               of
               Commentary
               ,
               one
               :
               
                 Ten
                 Dialogues
              
               relating
               to
               things
               alike
               in
               business
               .
               Divisions
               and
               Propositions
               relating
               to
               things
               alike
               .
               Concerning
               the
               Kinds
               and
               Forms
               of
               Examples
               :
               To
               Amartyrus
               :
               The
               Eucomium
               of
               Plato
               :
               Epistles
               to
               
                 Die
                 ,
                 Dionysius
              
               ,
               and
               Philip
               :
               Concerning
               the
               making
               of
               Laws
               ,
               
                 Mathematicus
                 ,
                 Mandryboulus
                 ,
                 Lysias
              
               :
               Definitions
               :
               The
               Order
               of
               Commentaries
               :
               Of
               Verses
               an
               infinite
               number
               .
               To
               all
               which
               Simonides
               adds
               some
               Histories
               ,
               wherein
               he
               has
               set
               down
               the
               Lives
               of
               Bion
               ,
               and
               Dio.
               And
               Phavorinus
               reports
               in
               his
               Second
               Book
               of
               Commentaries
               ,
               how
               that
               Aristotle
               bought
               all
               his
               Books
               for
               three
               Talents
               .
               There
               was
               also
               another
               Speusippus
               ,
               a
               Physician
               ,
               Herophilius
               of
               Alexandria
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               XENOCRATES
               .
            
             
               XEnocrates
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Agathenor
               ,
               a
               Chalcedonian
               ,
               from
               his
               very
               youth
               was
               a
               great
               admirer
               and
               hearer
               of
               Plato
               ;
               nor
               would
               he
               leave
               him
               when
               he
               travelled
               into
               Sicily
               .
               He
               was
               naturally
               dull
               ,
               and
               blockish
               ;
               insomuch
               that
               Plato
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               when
               he
               compar'd
               him
               with
               Aristotle
               ,
               That
               the
               
                 one
                 wanted
                 a
                 Spur
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 a
                 Bridle
                 :
              
               And
               at
               other
               times
               ,
               
                 To
                 what
                 a
                 Horse
                 what
                 an
                 Ass
                 do
                 I
                 joyn
                 !
              
               As
               to
               other
               things
               ,
               Xenocrates
               was
               very
               grave
               in
               his
               gate
               ,
               and
               sowre-look'd
               ;
               insomuch
               that
               Plato
               would
               several
               times
               cry
               out
               to
               him
               ,
               Xenocrates
               ,
               go
               and
               sacrifice
               to
               the
               Graces
               .
            
             
               He
               liv'd
               in
               the
               Academy
               for
               the
               most
               part
               :
               But
               if
               at
               any
               time
               he
               went
               into
               the
               City
               ,
               the
               Rabble
               of
               loose
               and
               Harlotry
               People
               would
               still
               gather
               about
               him
               ,
               to
               molest
               and
               affront
               him
               as
               he
               passed
               along
               .
               Phryne
               also
               ,
               the
               famous
               Curtezan
               ,
               having
               a
               mind
               to
               try
               her
               temptations
               upon
               him
               ,
               to
               that
               purpose
               pretended
               to
               be
               pursu'd
               ,
               and
               flying
               to
               his
               little
               house
               for
               shelter
               ,
               was
               by
               him
               let
               in
               ,
               meerly
               
               in
               compassion
               :
               After
               that
               ,
               perceiving
               there
               was
               but
               one
               little
               Bed
               ,
               she
               desir'd
               him
               to
               let
               her
               have
               part
               of
               it
               ,
               which
               he
               readily
               granted
               :
               But
               after
               she
               made
               use
               of
               all
               her
               allurement●
               ,
               she
               was
               forc'd
               to
               return
               as
               she
               came
               ,
               telling
               those
               that
               asked
               her
               how
               she
               had
               sped
               ,
               that
               she
               h●d
               lain
               with
               a
               Statue
               ,
               not
               with
               a
               Man.
               Some
               there
               are
               who
               report
               ▪
               that
               certain
               of
               his
               Scholars
               put
               Lais
               to
               Bed
               to
               him
               ;
               but
               that
               he
               was
               so
               chast
               that
               he
               would
               suffer
               himself
               to
               be
               cut
               and
               burnt
               about
               the
               Privities
               ,
               to
               prevent
               venereal
               Insurrections
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               faithful
               of
               his
               word
               ,
               even
               to
               admiration
               ;
               so
               that
               the
               Athenians
               gave
               him
               alone
               that
               liberty
               of
               delivering
               hi●
               testimony
               unsworn
               ,
               which
               was
               not
               allow'd
               to
               any
               other
               of
               what
               degree
               o●
               quality
               soever
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               also
               a
               person
               of
               great
               Frugality
               ;
               so
               that
               when
               Alexander
               gave
               him
               a
               large
               sum
               of
               Money
               ,
               he
               only
               accepted
               of
               three
               thousand
               Atticks
               ,
               and
               return'd
               the
               rest
               ,
               with
               these
               words
               ,
               
                 That
                 he
                 had
                 need
                 of
                 more
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 more
                 to
                 maintain
                 .
              
               And
               as
               for
               another
               Sum
               ,
               sent
               him
               by
               Antipater
               ,
               he
               would
               not
               so
               much
               as
               touch
               it
               ,
               as
               Myronianus
               witnesses
               in
               his
               Similes
               .
               Another
               time
               ,
               being
               presented
               with
               a
               Crown
               of
               Gold
               by
               some
               of
               Dionysius's
               Favourites
               ,
               for
               bearing
               up
               briskly
               at
               a
               
               Drinking
               Match
               ;
               when
               he
               was
               gone
               out
               of
               doors
               ,
               he
               laid
               it
               before
               the
               Statue
               of
               Mercury
               ,
               where
               he
               was
               wont
               only
               to
               deposit
               Garlands
               of
               Flowers
               before
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               also
               reported
               of
               him
               ,
               that
               being
               sent
               with
               others
               on
               an
               Embassy
               to
               Philip
               ,
               when
               all
               the
               rest
               ,
               suffering
               themselves
               to
               be
               mollify'd
               by
               the
               King's
               Presents
               ,
               both
               accepted
               of
               his
               Invitation
               ,
               and
               held
               private
               Conferences
               with
               him
               ,
               he
               would
               neither
               do
               one
               ,
               nor
               t'other
               :
               Neither
               indeed
               was
               it
               for
               
               Philip's
               interest
               to
               admit
               him
               .
               Wherefore
               when
               the
               Ambassadors
               return'd
               to
               Athens
               ,
               they
               complain'd
               Xenocrates
               had
               done
               'em
               no
               Service
               ,
               upon
               which
               the
               Senate
               was
               ready
               to
               have
               Fin'd
               him
               .
               But
               being
               inform'd
               by
               himself
               ,
               when
               he
               came
               to
               plead
               in
               his
               own
               justification
               ,
               how
               much
               it
               behov'd
               'em
               at
               that
               time
               ,
               more
               than
               ever
               ,
               to
               take
               care
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               in
               regard
               that
               Philip
               had
               corrupted
               his
               Accusers
               already
               ,
               but
               could
               never
               bring
               him
               over
               to
               his
               Designs
               ;
               then
               they
               gave
               him
               double
               honour
               .
               And
               Philip
               himself
               afterwards
               confess'd
               ,
               that
               of
               all
               the
               Ambassadors
               that
               were
               sent
               to
               his
               Court
               ,
               only
               Xenocrates
               was
               the
               Person
               whom
               no
               Gold
               could
               dazle
               .
            
             
               Another
               time
               being
               sent
               Ambassador
               to
               Antipater
               for
               the
               Redemption
               of
               the
               Athenian
               Captives
               ,
               taken
               in
               the
               Lamiac
               
               War
               ,
               and
               invited
               by
               the
               Prince
               to
               a
               Banquet
               ,
               he
               return'd
               him
               these
               Verses
               in
               answer
               ,
               
                 
                   O
                   Circe
                   ,
                   thy
                   allurements
                   tempt
                   in
                   vain
                
                 
                   The
                   Man
                   whose
                   Vertue
                   prudent
                   thoughts
                   sustain
                   ;
                
                 
                   For
                   who
                   can
                   come
                   with
                   pleasure
                   to
                   a
                   Feast
                   ,
                
                 
                   Before
                   he
                   see
                   his
                   Captive
                   Friends
                   releas'd
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Which
               was
               so
               well
               taken
               by
               the
               Prince
               ;
               that
               he
               presently
               order'd
               all
               the
               Captives
               their
               liberty
               .
            
             
               Another
               time
               a
               Sparrow
               being
               pursu'd
               by
               a
               Hawk
               ,
               flew
               into
               his
               Bosom
               ,
               where
               he
               secur'd
               the
               Bird
               ,
               saying
               withal
               ,
               
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 generous
                 to
                 betray
                 a
                 Suppliant
                 .
              
            
             
               Being
               sharply
               reprimanded
               by
               Bion
               ,
               he
               would
               make
               him
               no
               return
               ,
               saying
               ,
               That
               Tragedy
               
                 when
                 injur'd
                 by
              
               Comedy
               ,
               
                 never
                 vouchsafed
                 her
                 any
                 answer
              
               .
            
             
               To
               one
               ,
               who
               neither
               understanding
               Music
               ,
               Geometry
               ,
               nor
               Astronomy
               ,
               would
               yet
               frequent
               his
               School
               ,
               
                 Be
                 gone
              
               ,
               (
               said
               he
               )
               
                 for
                 thou
                 want's●
                 the
                 supports
                 of
                 Philosophy
                 .
              
               Others
               report
               that
               he
               thus
               reprov'd
               him
               ,
               
                 For
                 this
                 is
                 no
                 place
                 to
                 hatchel
                 Wooll
                 in
                 .
              
            
             
               Dionysius
               threatning
               Plato
               in
               these
               words
               ,
               
                 Some
                 body
                 will
                 take
                 off
                 thy
                 head
                 ;
                 Xenocrates
              
               being
               present
               ,
               and
               shewing
               his
               own
               ,
               
                 No
                 body
              
               (
               said
               he
               )
               
                 before
                 he
                 take
                 off
                 this
              
               .
            
             
             
               Farther
               they
               report
               of
               him
               ,
               that
               Antipater
               coming
               to
               Athens
               ,
               and
               saluting
               him
               ,
               he
               return'd
               no
               answer
               to
               the
               Prince
               ,
               until
               he
               had
               finish'd
               the
               discourse
               which
               he
               had
               begun
               .
            
             
               Lastly
               ,
               being
               a
               great
               contemner
               of
               Pomp
               ,
               and
               Vain-glory
               ,
               many
               times
               he
               spent
               the
               day
               time
               in
               Contemplation
               ,
               and
               dedicated
               one
               hour
               particularly
               to
               Silence
               .
            
             
               The
               most
               of
               the
               Commentaries
               ,
               proverbial
               Verses
               ,
               and
               Exhortations
               which
               he
               left
               behind
               him
               were
               these
               .
               Of
               Nature
               ,
               six
               Books
               :
               Of
               Philosophy
               ,
               six
               :
               Of
               Riches
               ,
               one
               :
               Arcas
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Infinity
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               a
               Boy
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Continency
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Profitable
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               a
               Freeman
               ,
               One
               :
               Of
               Death
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               
                 Voluntary
                 Acts
              
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Friendship
               ,
               two
               :
               Of
               Writing
               one
               :
               Of
               Memory
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Modesty
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Contrary
               ,
               two
               :
               Of
               Felicity
               ,
               two
               :
               Of
               a
               Lye
               ,
               one
               :
               One
               inscrib'd
               ,
               Callicles
               :
               Of
               Prudence
               ,
               two
               :
               One
               Oeconomic
               :
               Of
               Frugality
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               the
               
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Law
              
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               a
               Common-wealth
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Sanctity
               ,
               one
               :
               
                 That
                 Vertue
                 is
                 subject
                 to
                 Treachery
                 ,
              
               one
               :
               Of
               
                 that
                 which
                 is
              
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Fate
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Perturbations
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Lives
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Concord
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Disciples
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Justice
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Vertue
               ,
               two
               :
               Of
               Specios
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Pleasure
               ,
               two
               :
               Of
               Life
               ,
               one
               :
               
               Of
               Knowledge
               ,
               one
               :
               One
               Political
               :
               Of
               Fortitude
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               the
               Number
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Idea's
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Art
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               the
               Gods
               ,
               two
               :
               Of
               the
               Soul
               ,
               two
               :
               Of
               Skill
               ,
               one
               :
               One
               call'd
               
                 Parmenides
                 :
                 Archedemus
              
               ,
               or
               of
               Justice
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Good
               ,
               one
               :
               
                 Of
                 those
                 things
                 that
                 belong
                 to
                 the
                 mind
                 ,
              
               eight
               .
               
                 A
                 solution
                 of
                 those
                 things
                 that
                 happen
                 to
                 discourse
                 ,
              
               one
               :
               Of
               
                 Natural
                 Hearing
              
               ,
               six
               :
               One
               entitl'd
               ,
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               ,
               or
               the
               Head
               :
               Of
               Kinds
               and
               Species
               ,
               one
               :
               Pythagories
               ,
               one
               :
               Solution
               ,
               two
               :
               Divisions
               ,
               eight
               :
               Books
               of
               Positions
               ,
               thirty
               three
               :
               Of
               the
               
                 study
                 and
                 practice
                 of
                 Discourse
              
               ,
               fourteen
               .
               After
               this
               ,
               fifteen
               Books
               ,
               and
               sixteen
               more
               .
               Of
               
                 Logical
                 Instructions
                 concerning
                 reading
              
               ,
               six
               :
               Of
               
                 things
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Mind
              
               ,
               other
               two
               Books
               :
               Of
               Geometricians
               ,
               five
               Books
               :
               Of
               Commentaries
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Contraries
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Numbers
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               the
               
                 Theory
                 of
                 Numbers
              
               ,
               one
               :
               Of
               Intervals
               ,
               one
               :
               
                 Of
                 those
                 things
                 that
                 belong
                 to
                 Astrology
                 ,
              
               six
               :
               
                 Elements
                 to
              
               Alexander
               
                 concerning
                 Rule
              
               ,
               four
               :
               To
               Arybas
               :
               To
               Ephestion
               :
               Of
               Geometry
               ,
               345
               Verses
               .
            
             
               Nevertheless
               ,
               as
               great
               a
               person
               as
               he
               was
               ,
               the
               Athenians
               sold
               him
               once
               ,
               thinking
               to
               break
               his
               heart
               by
               Exilement
               .
               He
               was
               bought
               by
               
                 Demetrius
                 Phalereus
              
               ,
               who
               salv'd
               up
               the
               matter
               between
               both
               ,
               to
               their
               satisfaction
               ,
               by
               restoring
               Xenocrates
               
               to
               his
               liberty
               ,
               and
               ordering
               the
               Athenians
               to
               receive
               their
               Exile
               .
               This
               is
               recorded
               by
               Myronianus
               the
               Amastrian
               ,
               in
               the
               first
               of
               his
               
                 Historical
                 similar
                 Chapters
              
               .
            
             
               He
               succeeded
               Speusippus
               ,
               and
               govern'd
               his
               School
               five
               and
               twenty
               years
               ;
               beginning
               ,
               under
               Lysimachus
               ,
               in
               the
               second
               year
               of
               the
               110th
               .
               Olympiad
               .
            
             
               He
               dy'd
               in
               the
               night-time
               ,
               stumbling
               at
               a
               Platter
               ,
               in
               the
               fourscore
               and
               second
               year
               of
               his
               age
               :
               Whose
               death
               produc'd
               these
               following
               Lines
               of
               ours
               .
               
                 
                   Xenocrates
                   ,
                   so
                   learned
                   and
                   so
                   grave
                   ,
                
                 
                   Mark
                   what
                   a
                   strange
                   Fate
                   brought
                   him
                   to
                   his
                   Grave
                   ,
                
                 
                   'T
                   was
                   late
                   and
                   dark
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   his
                   way
                   a
                   Platter
                   :
                
                 
                   Now
                   whether
                   toapt
                   or
                   sober
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   no
                   matter
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   ,
                   stumbling
                   ,
                   down
                   he
                   fell
                   ,
                   and
                   broke
                   his
                   forehead
                   ;
                
                 
                   And
                   what
                   was
                   yet
                   far
                   more
                   to
                   be
                   deplored
                   ,
                
                 
                   Depriv'd
                   of
                   time
                   to
                   speak
                   ,
                   he
                   only
                   groan'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   His
                   Soul
                   abhorring
                   such
                   a
                   Scullion
                   wound
                   .
                
              
            
             
               There
               were
               five
               others
               of
               the
               same
               name
               ;
               the
               first
               very
               ancient
               ,
               and
               both
               a
               Kinsman
               to
               the
               forementioned
               Philosopher
               ,
               and
               his
               Fellow-Citizen
               .
               There
               goes
               about
               in
               public
               a
               Poem
               of
               his
               Entitl'd
               Arsinoetica
               ,
               upon
               Arsinoe
               deceas'd
               .
               
               Another
               a
               Philosopher
               ,
               and
               a
               writer
               of
               Elegies
               ,
               but
               little
               taken
               notice
               of
               .
               For
               so
               it
               happens
               that
               Poets
               endeavouring
               to
               write
               in
               Prose
               ,
               fortunately
               succeed
               ;
               but
               writers
               of
               Prose
               when
               they
               give
               themselves
               to
               Poetry
               ,
               unhappily
               falter
               .
               And
               the
               reason
               is
               ,
               because
               the
               one
               is
               the
               Gift
               of
               Nature
               ,
               the
               other
               the
               Toyl
               of
               Art.
               The
               other
               was
               a
               Statuary
               ;
               and
               the
               last
               ,
               by
               the
               testimony
               of
               Aristoxenes
               ,
               a
               Writer
               of
               Odes
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               POLEMO
               .
            
             
               POlemo
               ,
               an
               Athenian
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Philostratus
               ,
               and
               born
               in
               the
               Village
               called
               Oeta
               ,
               when
               he
               was
               a
               young
               Man
               ,
               was
               so
               dissolute
               and
               profuse
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               his
               custom
               to
               carry
               summs
               of
               Money
               along
               with
               him
               where-ever
               he
               went
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               be
               provided
               still
               with
               sufficient
               supplies
               for
               the
               satisfaction
               of
               his
               pleasures
               .
               Nay
               ,
               he
               would
               hide
               his
               money
               up
               and
               down
               in
               holes
               and
               corners
               of
               the
               streets
               ;
               in
               so
               much
               that
               some
               of
               his
               Cash
               was
               found
               in
               the
               Academy
               ,
               near
               a
               certain
               Pillar
               ,
               laid
               there
               to
               be
               ready
               when
               he
               had
               occasion
               
               to
               fetch
               it
               for
               his
               private
               uses
               .
               Now
               it
               happen'd
               that
               one
               time
               among
               the
               rest
               ,
               as
               had
               been
               agreed
               between
               him
               and
               his
               companions
               ,
               in
               the
               height
               of
               their
               Carousing
               ,
               that
               in
               a
               drunken
               frolick
               ,
               with
               his
               Garland
               upon
               his
               head
               ,
               he
               brake
               into
               
               Xenocrates's
               School
               :
               Who
               nothing
               disturb'd
               at
               the
               rudeness
               of
               such
               Roysters
               ,
               pursu'd
               his
               discourse
               ,
               which
               then
               fell
               out
               to
               be
               concerning
               Temperance
               ,
               the
               more
               vigorously
               .
               And
               this
               Oration
               it
               was
               ,
               which
               so
               prevail'd
               at
               first
               upon
               the
               list'ning
               Debauchee
               ,
               that
               stopping
               the
               Career
               of
               his
               Extravagance
               ;
               at
               length
               he
               became
               quite
               reclaim'd
               .
               And
               such
               were
               the
               effects
               of
               his
               laborious
               and
               industrious
               studies
               ,
               that
               he
               surpassed
               all
               others
               ,
               and
               himself
               succeeded
               in
               the
               School
               ,
               beginning
               from
               the
               hundred
               and
               sixteenth
               Olympiad
               .
            
             
               
                 Antigonus
                 Carysthius
              
               ,
               in
               his
               Lives
               ,
               reports
               ,
               That
               his
               Father
               was
               one
               of
               the
               chief
               Men
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               one
               that
               bred
               up
               Horses
               for
               the
               Chariot
               :
               And
               that
               Polemo
               fled
               from
               the
               severe
               Sentence
               of
               Justice
               ,
               being
               prosecuted
               by
               his
               Wife
               for
               his
               addiction
               to
               Male-Venery
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               first
               years
               that
               he
               fell
               to
               his
               studies
               ,
               he
               acquir'd
               such
               a
               constancy
               of
               Habit
               and
               Aspect
               ,
               that
               it
               became
               unalterable
               ;
               neither
               did
               he
               ever
               change
               his
               
               voice
               .
               Which
               were
               the
               reasons
               that
               Crantor
               so
               highly
               admir'd
               him
               .
               Hence
               it
               was
               that
               being
               bit
               in
               the
               Heel
               by
               a
               mad
               Dog
               ,
               he
               never
               so
               much
               as
               chang'd
               colour
               :
               And
               that
               at
               another
               time
               ,
               a
               great
               uproar
               happening
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               understanding
               what
               was
               the
               matter
               ,
               he
               stood
               undaunted
               like
               one
               that
               had
               been
               unconcern'd
               ;
               nor
               could
               the
               Theatre
               at
               any
               time
               move
               him
               to
               Joy
               ,
               Anger
               ,
               or
               Compassion
               .
               So
               that
               when
               Nicostratus
               ,
               surnam'd
               Clytemnestra
               ,
               told
               a
               lamentable
               story
               to
               him
               and
               Crates
               ;
               that
               which
               mov'd
               the
               latter
               ,
               nothing
               affected
               him
               ,
               who
               all
               the
               while
               persever'd
               in
               an
               equal
               temper
               ,
               as
               though
               he
               had
               not
               heard
               him
               .
               And
               indeed
               he
               was
               altogether
               just
               such
               another
               ,
               as
               Melanthius
               the
               Painter
               describes
               in
               his
               Treatise
               of
               Painting
               .
               For
               he
               says
               that
               there
               is
               a
               certain
               Pride
               and
               Moroseness
               that
               ought
               to
               accompany
               a
               Man's
               Actions
               as
               well
               as
               his
               Manner
               .
               And
               it
               was
               the
               saying
               of
               Polemo
               ,
               that
               i●
               behov'd
               Men
               to
               exercise
               themselves
               i●
               Things
               ,
               and
               not
               in
               
                 Logical
                 Speculations
              
               ;
               which
               is
               but
               labouring
               ,
               and
               as
               it
               were
               drinking
               up
               some
               little
               pleasing
               Science
               whereby
               they
               become
               admir'd
               for
               the
               subtilty
               of
               some
               particular
               questions
               ,
               but
               shew
               themselves
               most
               opposite
               in
               their
               affections
               .
               And
               therefore
               as
               he
               was
               civi●
               
               and
               affable
               ,
               so
               was
               he
               no
               less
               resolutely
               constant
               ;
               and
               he
               avoided
               that
               which
               Aristophanes
               writes
               concerning
               Euripides
               ,
               when
               he
               gives
               him
               the
               Nick-names
               of
               Oxotes
               ,
               and
               Stilpho
               ,
               who
               no
               doubt
               were
               two
               cross-grain'd
               ,
               stingy
               ,
               vinegar-condition'd
               fellows
               ,
               well
               known
               at
               that
               time
               .
               For
               he
               never
               sate
               when
               he
               return'd
               his
               Answers
               to
               the
               Questions
               that
               were
               propounded
               to
               him
               ,
               but
               always
               walking
               .
            
             
               Polemo
               therefore
               for
               his
               extraordinary
               generosity
               was
               highly
               honour'd
               in
               his
               City
               .
               Nor
               did
               he
               wander
               out
               of
               the
               way
               neither
               ,
               but
               remain'd
               in
               the
               Garden
               ,
               where
               his
               Pupils
               making
               up
               little
               sheds
               ,
               lodg'd
               near
               the
               Musaeum
               ,
               and
               the
               Cloister
               .
            
             
               Indeed
               Polemo
               seems
               in
               every
               thing
               to
               emulate
               Xenocrates
               ,
               and
               to
               have
               had
               a
               great
               love
               for
               him
               ,
               as
               Aristippus
               witnesses
               in
               his
               fourth
               Book
               of
               the
               
                 Ancient
                 Delights
              
               .
               For
               which
               reason
               he
               always
               took
               an
               occasion
               to
               talk
               of
               his
               Innocency
               and
               Sincerity
               ,
               and
               had
               appropriated
               to
               himself
               his
               resolution
               and
               gravity
               ,
               affecting
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               ,
               a
               kind
               of
               Dorick
               Government
               of
               himself
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               a
               great
               admirer
               of
               Sophocles
               ,
               especially
               in
               those
               places
               where
               some
               surly
               Mastiff
               (
               according
               to
               the
               Taunts
               of
               the
               Comedian
               )
               seem'd
               to
               have
               assisted
               
               him
               in
               the
               composition
               of
               his
               Verses
               ,
               and
               where
               (
               according
               to
               the
               relation
               of
               Phrynicus
               )
               he
               did
               not
               towre
               in
               lofty
               swelling
               Language
               ,
               but
               flow'd
               in
               a
               smooth
               and
               placid
               Style
               .
               And
               therefore
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               call
               Homer
               ,
               Epic
               Sophocles
               ,
               and
               Sophocles
               ,
               Tragic
               Homer
               .
            
             
               He
               dy'd
               ,
               well
               stricken
               in
               years
               ,
               of
               ●
               Consumption
               ,
               leaving
               not
               a
               few
               Writing●
               and
               Commentaries
               behind
               him
               .
               Upon
               whom
               we
               made
               the
               following
               Lines
               .
               
                 
                   Know'st
                   thou
                   not
                   ,
                   Passenger
                   ,
                   already
                   ?
                   —
                   no.
                
                 
                   Then
                   sickness
                   here
                   has
                   hid
                   fam'd
                   Polemo
                   —
                
                 
                   For
                   my
                   part
                   I
                   believe
                   ye
                   ,
                   Sir
                   ,
                   —
                   for
                   why
                   ?
                
                 
                   Diseases
                   never
                   spare
                   Philosophy
                   —
                
                 
                   'T
                   is
                   true
                   —
                   but
                   this
                   I
                   'le
                   tell
                   ye
                   for
                   your
                   comfort
                   ,
                
                 
                   Though
                   his
                   dry
                   Bones
                   ly
                   here
                   ,
                   his
                   Soul
                   is
                   run
                   for
                   't
                   ;
                
                 
                   And
                   whither
                   think'st
                   thou
                   ?
                   To
                   the
                   starry
                   Spheres
                   :
                
                 
                   Let
                   Death
                   and
                   Sickness
                   now
                   go
                   shake
                   their
                   Ears
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               CRATES
               .
            
             
               CRATES
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Antigenes
               ,
               of
               the
               Thriasian
               Tribe
               ,
               was
               both
               a
               Hearer
               ,
               and
               Lover
               of
               Polemo
               ,
               and
               succeeded
               him
               in
               his
               School
               ,
               and
               profited
               in
               such
               a
               manner
               mutually
               together
               ,
               so
               that
               living
               ,
               they
               not
               only
               followed
               the
               same
               studies
               ,
               but
               to
               their
               very
               last
               gasps
               they
               liv'd
               alike
               one
               to
               another
               ,
               and
               being
               dead
               were
               buried
               in
               the
               same
               Tomb.
               Whence
               Antagoras
               made
               the
               following
               lines
               upon
               both
               .
               
                 
                   Stranger
                   ,
                   who
                   e're
                   thou
                   art
                   ,
                   that
                   passest
                   by
                   ,
                
                 
                   Within
                   this
                   Tomb
                   a
                   noble
                   pair
                   doth
                   lye
                   ;
                
                 
                   The
                   Holy
                   Crates
                   ,
                   and
                   Great
                   Polemo
                   ;
                
                 
                   From
                   whose
                   sweet
                   Lips
                   such
                   Sacred
                   Love
                   did
                   flow
                   :
                
                 
                   Whose
                   Lives
                   in
                   Wisdom
                   so
                   serenely
                   bright
                   ,
                
                 
                   Shon
                   forth
                   to
                   give
                   succeeding
                   Ages
                   light
                   .
                
                 
                   Both
                   equal
                   in
                   their
                   praise
                   ,
                   both
                   equal
                   friends
                   ,
                
                 
                   Both
                   liv'd
                   alike
                   ,
                   and
                   both
                   had
                   equal
                   ends
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Hence
               it
               was
               ,
               that
               Arcesilaus
               when
               he
               left
               Theophrastus
               to
               associate
               with
               them
               ,
               is
               reported
               to
               have
               said
               ,
               that
               they
               were
               
               either
               certain
               Deities
               ,
               or
               the
               remainders
               of
               the
               Golden
               Age.
               For
               they
               were
               neither
               of
               'em
               lovers
               of
               Popularity
               ,
               nor
               did
               they
               covet
               vulgar
               Applause
               ;
               but
               rather
               it
               might
               be
               said
               of
               them
               ,
               as
               Dionysiodoru●
               the
               Musitian
               was
               wont
               to
               boast
               of
               himself
               ▪
               That
               never
               any
               of
               his
               Composition
               were
               to
               be
               heard
               at
               your
               public
               Meeting●
               like
               those
               of
               Ismenius
               .
            
             
               Antigonus
               reports
               that
               he
               was
               wont
               often
               to
               Sup
               at
               
               Crantor's
               House
               ;
               Aroesilaus
               and
               they
               two
               being
               all
               three
               inseparable
               Cronies
               .
               Farther
               he
               adds
               ,
               that
               Arcesilaus
               and
               Crantor
               liv'd
               together
               ;
               and
               that
               Polemo
               liv'd
               with
               Crates
               and
               Lysiclides
               ,
               another
               of
               their
               Country-men
               ;
               Crates
               being
               particularly
               belov'd
               by
               Polemo
               ,
               and
               Arcesilaus
               having
               a
               peculiar
               friendship
               for
               Crantor
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               Crates
               ,
               when
               he
               dy'd
               (
               as
               Apollodorus
               relates
               in
               his
               third
               Book
               of
               Chronicles
               )
               he
               left
               several
               Books
               behind
               him
               ▪
               some
               Philosophical
               ,
               some
               concerning
               Comedy
               ;
               also
               several
               popular
               Orations
               ,
               and
               some
               in
               relation
               to
               Embassies
               .
               He
               had
               also
               several
               Disciples
               of
               great
               note
               :
               Of
               which
               number
               was
               Arcesilaus
               ;
               of
               whom
               more
               hereafter
               ;
               together
               with
               Bio
               ,
               and
               Borysthenites
               ;
               and
               lastly
               Theodorus
               ,
               the
               Author
               of
               the
               Theodoric
               Sect.
               Of
               whom
               next
               after
               Arcesilaus
               .
            
             
             
               There
               were
               in
               all
               ten
               that
               carry'd
               the
               name
               of
               Crates
               .
               The
               first
               a
               writer
               of
               Ancient
               Comedy
               :
               The
               second
               ,
               a
               Trallian
               Rhetorician
               ,
               of
               the
               family
               of
               Isocrates
               .
               The
               third
               ,
               an
               Engineer
               that
               serv'd
               under
               Alexander
               in
               his
               Wars
               .
               The
               fourth
               ,
               a
               Cynic
               .
               The
               fifth
               ,
               a
               Peripatetic
               .
               The
               sixth
               an
               Academic
               ,
               of
               whom
               already
               .
               The
               seventh
               a
               Grammarian
               .
               The
               eighth
               ,
               a
               Geomet●●cian
               .
               The
               ninth
               an
               Epigrammatist
               .
               The
               tenth
               ,
               of
               Tarsus
               ,
               an
               Academic
               Philosopher
               also
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               CRANTOR
               .
            
             
               CRANTOR
               ,
               of
               the
               City
               of
               Soli
               ,
               being
               in
               great
               honour
               among
               his
               own
               Citizens
               ,
               went
               to
               Athens
               ,
               and
               there
               became
               a
               hearer
               of
               Xenocrates
               ,
               and
               a
               follow
               Student
               with
               Polemo
               .
            
             
               He
               left
               behind
               him
               Verses
               amounting
               to
               thirty
               thousand
               ;
               of
               which
               there
               are
               some
               who
               ascribe
               a
               good
               number
               to
               Arcesilaus
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               ,
               that
               being
               asked
               wherefore
               he
               was
               so
               strangely
               addicted
               to
               Polemo
               ,
               he
               should
               answer
               ,
               because
               he
               never
               
               heard
               any
               Man
               speak
               more
               acutely
               ,
               nor
               more
               gravely
               .
            
             
               Finding
               himself
               not
               well
               ,
               he
               retir'd
               to
               the
               Asclepianum
               ,
               and
               there
               resided
               for
               his
               health
               .
               At
               what
               time
               there
               flock'd
               to
               him
               Disciples
               from
               all
               parts
               ,
               believing
               that
               sickness
               was
               not
               the
               cause
               of
               his
               retirement
               ,
               but
               that
               he
               did
               it
               out
               of
               a
               resolution
               to
               set
               up
               a
               School
               there
               .
               Among
               the
               rest
               came
               Arcesilaus
               ,
               desirous
               to
               be
               by
               him
               recommended
               to
               Polemo
               ,
               though
               no
               man
               more
               his
               friend
               than
               Crantor
               himself
               .
               Which
               request
               he
               was
               so
               far
               from
               taking
               ill
               ,
               that
               when
               he
               recovered
               ,
               he
               became
               
               Polemo's
               Hearer
               himself
               ;
               which
               won
               him
               great
               honour
               and
               applause
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               that
               he
               left
               all
               his
               Estate
               to
               Arcesilaus
               ,
               to
               the
               value
               of
               twelve
               Talents
               :
               And
               being
               by
               him
               requested
               to
               tell
               him
               where
               he
               intended
               to
               be
               inter'd
               ;
               he
               answered
               ,
               
                 
                   Within
                   the
                   kind
                   recesses
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                
                 
                   There
                   let
                   me
                   lye
                   ,
                   whence
                   all
                   things
                   have
                   their
                   Birth
                   .
                
              
            
             
               He
               is
               said
               to
               have
               written
               Poems
               ,
               and
               to
               have
               laid
               'em
               ,
               seal'd
               up
               ,
               in
               the
               Temple
               of
               Minerva
               :
               Of
               whom
               the
               Poet
               Theaetetes
               thus
               writes
               .
               
                 
                 
                   Grateful
                   to
                   Men
                   ,
                   but
                   yet
                   much
                   more
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Muses
                   sweet
                   delight
                   ;
                
                 
                   Such
                   Crantor
                   was
                   ,
                   whom
                   we
                   deplore
                   ,
                
                 
                   Snatch'd
                   from
                   the
                   World
                   before
                   his
                   hairs
                   grw
                   whte
                   .
                
                 
                   Gently
                   ,
                   O
                   Earth
                   ,
                   the
                   Bard
                   embrace
                
                 
                   Within
                   thy
                   tender
                   Arms
                   ;
                
                 
                   And
                   from
                   the
                   common
                   harms
                   ,
                
                 
                   By
                   Worms
                   and
                   Pick-axes
                   increas●
                   ,
                
                 
                   Defend
                   his
                   quiet
                   rest
                   .
                
              
            
             
               This
               Crantor
               ,
               among
               all
               the
               Poets
               most
               admir'd
               Homer
               and
               Euripides
               ,
               saying
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               a
               work
               of
               great
               labour
               ,
               to
               observe
               propriety
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               same
               time
               to
               write
               Tragically
               ,
               and
               with
               a
               true
               sense
               of
               commiseration
               ,
               and
               fellow-feeling
               of
               the
               sufferings
               he
               describes
               ;
               and
               he
               vould
               often
               repeat
               that
               Verse
               in
               Belleropho●
               ,
               
                 
                   Ay
                   me
                   !
                   But
                   why
                   Ay
                   me
                   ?
                   Fo
                   ▪
                   we
                   no
                   more
                
                 
                   Endure
                   ,
                   than
                   mortals
                   have
                   endur'd
                   before
                   .
                
              
            
             
               It
               is
               also
               reported
               that
               Antagoras
               ,
               the
               Poet
               ,
               would
               have
               the
               following
               Verses
               upon
               Love
               to
               have
               been
               made
               by
               Crantor
               .
               
                 
                   Assist
                   me
                   ,
                   Thoughts
                   and
                   Mind
                   ,
                   those
                   heighths
                   to
                   soar
                   ,
                
                 
                   Meet
                   for
                   the
                   heav'nly
                   Race
                   all
                   Men
                   adore
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Then
                   ,
                   mighty
                   Love
                   ,
                   will
                   I
                   in
                   praise
                   of
                   thee
                
                 
                   ●●gin
                   ,
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Immortal
                   Progeny
                
                 
                   The
                   first
                   ,
                   whom
                   ancient
                   Erebus
                   begot
                   ,
                
                 
                   O
                   Night
                   brought
                   forth
                   ,
                   in
                   Regions
                   far
                   remo●e
                   :
                
                 
                   Beneath
                   the
                   Sea's
                   Foundations
                   ,
                   dark
                   and
                   vast
                   ,
                
                 
                   Tree
                   ,
                   Son
                   of
                   Venus
                   ,
                   without
                   blemish
                   ,
                   chast
                   .
                
                 
                   Or
                   whether
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   the
                   Winds
                
                 
                   The
                   wondrous
                   Off-spring
                   ,
                   since
                   so
                   many
                   kinds
                
                 
                   Ofinterw●v'n
                   Good
                   and
                   ill
                   ,
                   each
                   hour
                   ,
                
                 
                   Oblige
                   weak
                   Mortals
                   to
                   confess
                   thy
                   power
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   double
                   power
                   of
                   thine
                   would
                   I
                   display
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   teach
                   the
                   World
                   thy
                   Scepter
                   to
                   obey
                   .
                
              
            
             
               He
               had
               a
               shrewd
               faculty
               at
               giving
               shrewd
               and
               proper
               Epithetes
               and
               Characters
               ,
               both
               to
               Men
               and
               things
               .
               Thus
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               that
               it
               behoved
               a
               Tragedian
               to
               have
               a
               strong
               Voice
               ,
               which
               he
               called
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               ▪
               
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 smoothed
                 with
                 a
                 Plainer
                 ,
              
               but
               full
               of
               Bark
               ,
               that
               is
               to
               say
               rugged
               and
               uneven
               :
               and
               of
               a
               certain
               Poet
               ,
               that
               his
               Verses
               were
               full
               of
               Prickles
               ;
               and
               of
               Thee-phrastus
               ,
               that
               his
               Tenents
               were
               written
               upon
               Oysters
               .
            
             
               Among
               all
               his
               Works
               ,
               his
               Treatise
               of
               Mourning
               is
               most
               admir'd
               :
               And
               though
               the
               time
               of
               his
               death
               be
               uncertain
               ,
               yet
               this
               is
               sure
               that
               he
               dy'd
               of
               a
               Dropsie
               before
               Crates
               and
               Polemo
               ;
               which
               gave
               occasion
               to
               these
               Lines
               of
               ours
               .
               
                 
                 
                   Ah
                   Crantor
                   ,
                   there
                   's
                   no
                   mortal
                   sickness-proof
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   thee
                   the
                   worst
                   distemper
                   carry'd
                   off
                   :
                
                 
                   For
                   tho'
                   no
                   water
                   touch'd
                   thy
                   outward
                   skin
                   ,
                
                 
                   Alas
                   !
                   Thy
                   Bowels
                   lay
                   all
                   drown'd
                   within
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   thy
                   own
                   Styx
                   thy
                   Soul
                   to
                   Pluto
                   floats
                   ,
                
                 
                   As
                   th'
                   hadst
                   design'd
                   to
                   cozen
                   
                   Charon's
                   Boats.
                
                 
                   But
                   that
                   we
                   can't
                   believe
                   ,
                   conjecturing
                   rather
                
                 
                   Thou
                   thought'st
                   to
                   lay
                   thy
                   Low-lands
                   under
                   water
                   ,
                
                 
                   Meaning
                   thereby
                   to
                   hinder
                   Death's
                   approaches
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   death
                   no
                   colours
                   fears
                   ,
                   so
                   Buenas
                   Noches
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               ARCESILAVS
               .
            
             
               ARcesilaus
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Seuthus
               ,
               or
               Scythus
               ,
               (
               as
               Apollodorus
               relates
               in
               his
               third
               Book
               of
               Chronicles
               )
               a
               Pytanean
               of
               Eolia
               .
               This
               was
               he
               who
               first
               set
               up
               the
               
                 Middle
                 Academy
              
               ,
               restraining
               negations
               through
               contrariety
               of
               words
               .
               He
               was
               the
               first
               that
               disputed
               pro
               and
               con
               :
               The
               first
               also
               that
               renewed
               
               Plato's
               manner
               of
               discourse
               ,
               which
               Plato
               introduc'd
               ,
               and
               render'd
               it
               more
               Argumentative
               by
               way
               of
               Question
               and
               Answer
               .
            
             
             
               He
               came
               acquainted
               with
               Crantor
               after
               this
               manner
               .
               He
               was
               the
               fourth
               and
               youngest
               of
               all
               his
               Brothers
               ;
               of
               which
               two
               were
               by
               the
               Father's
               ,
               and
               two
               by
               the
               Mother's
               side
               .
               Of
               these
               ,
               the
               eldest
               by
               the
               Father's
               side
               was
               called
               Pylades
               ,
               and
               the
               eldest
               by
               the
               Mother's
               side
               Moereas
               ,
               who
               was
               also
               his
               Guardian
               .
               First
               of
               all
               he
               heard
               Autolycus
               the
               Mathematician
               ,
               and
               his
               fellow
               Citizen
               ,
               before
               he
               went
               to
               Athens
               ,
               with
               whom
               he
               also
               travell'd
               to
               Sardis
               .
               After
               that
               he
               was
               a
               Scholar
               under
               Xanthus
               ,
               an
               Athenian
               Musician
               ;
               and
               there
               he
               became
               
               Theophrastus's
               Scholar
               :
               And
               lastly
               ,
               he
               betook
               himself
               to
               the
               Academy
               under
               Crantor
               .
               For
               Moereas
               his
               Brother
               advis'd
               him
               to
               learn
               Rhetoric
               ;
               but
               he
               had
               a
               greater
               kindness
               for
               Philosophy
               .
               Crantor
               therefore
               having
               an
               amorous
               Affection
               for
               him
               ,
               courted
               him
               with
               the
               following
               Verse
               out
               of
               
               Euripides's
               Andromeda
               ,
               
                 
                   O
                   Virgin
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   save
                   thee
                   ,
                   thou
                   wilt
                   thank
                   me
                   .
                
              
            
             
               To
               which
               he
               presently
               repartee'd
               ,
               
                 
                   Take
                   me
                   for
                   which
                   thou
                   likest
                   best
                   ,
                
                 
                   Thy
                   Handmaid
                   or
                   thy
                   Wife
                   .
                
              
            
             
               And
               so
               from
               that
               time
               forward
               they
               both
               
               liv'd
               together
               .
               Thereupon
               Theophrastus
               being
               disgusted
               ,
               is
               reported
               to
               have
               gi●ded
               him
               with
               this
               expression
               ,
               
                 How
                 ingenious
                 and
                 tractable
                 a
                 Lad
                 he
                 went
                 ▪
                 from
                 School
                 !
              
               Where
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               ,
               or
               easie
               to
               be
               manag'd
               ,
               seems
               to
               be
               tak'n
               in
               an
               ill
               sence
               .
               For
               he
               was
               at
               that
               time
               not
               only
               a
               grave
               and
               discreet
               Speaker
               ,
               and
               a
               great
               lover
               of
               Learning
               ,
               but
               much
               addicted
               to
               Poetry
               .
               In
               so
               much
               that
               it
               is
               said
               he
               wrote
               the
               following
               Epigrams
               ,
               the
               first
               to
               Attalus
               .
               
                 
                   Not
                   only
                   potent
                   once
                   in
                   Arms
                
                 
                   Did
                   Pergamus
                   advance
                   her
                   Head
                   ;
                
                 
                   She
                   boasted
                   too
                   with
                   equal
                   Pride
                   ,
                
                 
                   Her
                   warlike
                   Steeds
                   on
                   flowry
                   Pissa
                   bred
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   But
                   yet
                   if
                   Mortals
                   may
                   pronounce
                
                 
                   The
                   high
                   Decrees
                   of
                   ruling
                   Fate
                   ;
                
                 
                   Succeeding
                   Ages
                   shall
                   behold
                
                 
                   Her
                   ancient
                   Fame
                   renew'd
                   ,
                   and
                   far
                   more
                   great
                   .
                
              
            
             
               The
               second
               was
               upon
               Menodorus
               ,
               a
               lover
               of
               Eudamus
               ,
               one
               of
               his
               fellow
               Students
               .
               
                 
                   Though
                   Phrygia
                   distant
                   lyes
                   in
                   space
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   Thyatim
                   as
                   remote
                   a
                   place
                   ;
                
                 
                   Nor
                   Menodorus
                   ,
                   if
                   survay'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   Less
                   far
                   thy
                   native
                   Cadenade
                   :
                
                 
                 
                   Yet
                   to
                   the
                   dark
                   Infernal
                   Court
                
                 
                   The
                   way
                   is
                   plain
                   ,
                   the
                   journey
                   short
                   ;
                
                 
                   Where
                   by
                   experience
                   thou
                   canst
                   tell
                
                 
                   The
                   best
                   conveniencies
                   of
                   Hell
                   :
                
                 
                   Where
                   soon
                   or
                   late
                   all
                   Motals
                   go
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   center
                   in
                   the
                   shades
                   below
                   ;
                
                 
                   Yet
                   Eudamus
                   with
                   curious
                   Art
                   ,
                
                 
                   From
                   a
                   large
                   Purse
                   ,
                   but
                   larger
                   Heart
                   ,
                
                 
                   A
                   Marble
                   Monument
                   does
                   give
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   spite
                   of
                   Fate
                   still
                   makes
                   thee
                   live
                   ;
                
                 
                   Poor
                   tho'
                   thou
                   wert
                   ,
                   as
                   all
                   Men
                   know
                   ,
                
                 
                   (
                   And
                   most
                   adore
                   the
                   gaudy
                   show
                   )
                
                 
                   His
                   friendship
                   from
                   such
                   dross
                   refin'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   Valu'd
                   the
                   Treasures
                   of
                   thy
                   mind
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Above
               all
               the
               Poets
               he
               chiefly
               admir'd
               Homer
               ,
               of
               whose
               works
               ,
               when
               going
               to
               his
               rest
               ,
               he
               always
               read
               some
               few
               pages
               .
               And
               when
               he
               rose
               in
               the
               morning
               ,
               being
               asked
               when
               he
               would
               go
               to
               his
               beloved
               youth
               ,
               his
               answer
               was
               ,
               when
               the
               Lad
               was
               ready
               to
               read
               .
               Of
               Pindar
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               That
               he
               fill'd
               the
               mouth
               with
               a
               noble
               sound
               ,
               and
               afforded
               a
               plentiful
               varity
               of
               names
               and
               words
               .
               When
               he
               was
               a
               young
               man
               he
               affected
               the
               Ionic
               Dialect
               .
               He
               was
               also
               a
               Hearer
               of
               Hipponicus
               the
               Geometrician
               ,
               whom
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               joque
               upon
               ,
               as
               being
               in
               other
               things
               dull
               and
               heavy
               ,
               but
               skilful
               in
               his
               Art
               ,
               saying
               ,
               
                 That
                 Geometry
                 flew
                 into
                 his
                 mouth
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 
                 gap'd
                 .
              
               He
               also
               kept
               him
               for
               some
               time
               at
               home
               ,
               being
               mad
               ,
               and
               took
               a
               continual
               care
               of
               him
               ,
               till
               he
               recover'd
               his
               senses
               .
               When
               Crates
               dy'd
               ,
               he
               succeeded
               him
               in
               his
               School
               ,
               by
               the
               consent
               of
               one
               Socratides
               ,
               who
               would
               by
               no
               means
               contest
               the
               superiority
               with
               him
               .
               He
               is
               not
               known
               ever
               to
               have
               wrote
               any
               Treatise
               ,
               or
               Discourse
               himself
               ▪
               as
               being
               a
               severe
               censurer
               of
               other
               Mens
               Works
               :
               Though
               others
               say
               it
               was
               ,
               because
               he
               was
               surpriz'd
               while
               he
               was
               mending
               what
               others
               had
               written
               ;
               which
               emendations
               ,
               as
               some
               say
               ,
               he
               published
               ;
               but
               as
               others
               report
               he
               committed
               to
               the
               fire
               .
               He
               held
               Plato
               in
               high
               esteem
               ,
               and
               diligently
               study'd
               his
               Writings
               .
               Some
               there
               are
               also
               who
               affirm
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               a
               great
               imitator
               of
               Pyrrho
               ;
               and
               moreover
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               well
               skill'd
               in
               Logic
               ,
               and
               greatly
               vers'd
               in
               the
               Sentences
               and
               Arguments
               of
               the
               Eret●ics
               .
               Whence
               it
               was
               said
               of
               him
               by
               Aristo
               .
               
                 
                   Plato
                   before
                   ,
                   while
                   Pyrrho
                   put
                   behind
                   ,
                
                 
                   For
                   Diodore
                   the
                   middle
                   leaves
                   assign'd
                   .
                
              
            
             
               And
               Timon
               says
               thus
               of
               him
               .
               
                 
                   Let
                   Menedemus
                   have
                   the
                   grace
                
                 
                   With
                   Breast
                   of
                   Lead
                   ,
                   the
                   next
                   to
                   place
                
                 
                   The
                   Lubber
                   Pyrrho
                   ,
                   or
                   if
                   not
                   ,
                
                 
                   Dull
                   Diodore
                   ,
                   no
                   less
                   a
                   Sot.
                   
                
              
            
             
             
               After
               which
               he
               brings
               him
               in
               th●●
               speaking
               .
               
                 
                   I
                   'le
                   swim
                   to
                   Pyrrho
                   from
                   the
                   Stygian
                   shoar
                   ,
                
                 
                   Or
                   else
                   to
                   find
                   the
                   Booby
                   Diodore
                   .
                
              
            
             
               He
               was
               very
               full
               of
               Sentences
               ,
               and
               concise
               ;
               besides
               that
               ,
               he
               was
               very
               curio●●
               in
               the
               explanation
               of
               words
               ;
               nevertheless
               he
               could
               not
               refrain
               his
               Gibes
               ,
               and
               Jests
               ,
               and
               was
               very
               free
               in
               his
               Expressions
               ;
               for
               which
               reason
               Timon
               says
               th●●
               of
               him
               .
               
                 
                   And
                   while
                   thou
                   dost
                   with
                   Joques
                   and
                   Gibes
                
                 
                   On
                   others
                   loosely
                   play
                   ,
                
                 
                   Forget'st
                   thy
                   youthful
                   years
                   ,
                   that
                   then
                
                 
                   As
                   much
                   obnoxious
                   lay
                   .
                
              
            
             
               And
               therefore
               it
               was
               ,
               that
               once
               to
               a
               young
               man
               who
               spoke
               more
               insolently
               than
               became
               him
               :
               
                 Is
                 there
                 no
                 body
                 here
              
               ,
               (
               quoth
               he
               )
               
                 to
                 play
                 at
                 Trap
                 with
                 this
                 Boy
                 ?
              
               To
               one
               who
               concluded
               erroneously
               ,
               that
               he
               could
               not
               perceive
               This
               to
               be
               bigger
               than
               That
               .
               —
               
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 so
              
               ,
               (
               said
               he
               )
               
                 because
                 you
                 do
                 not
                 believe
                 ten
                 fingers
                 length
                 to
                 exceed
                 six
                 .
              
            
             
               To
               one
               Emon
               a
               Chiote
               ,
               who
               was
               very
               deformed
               ,
               yet
               thought
               himself
               to
               be
               very
               fair
               ,
               and
               always
               went
               richly
               apparel'd
               ,
               
               that
               put
               him
               this
               question
               ,
               Whether
               he
               seem'd
               wise
               enough
               to
               him
               to
               be
               belov'd
               :
               Yes
               (
               said
               he
               )
               
                 if
                 thou
                 canst
                 meet
                 with
                 any
                 one
                 so
                 lovely
                 as
                 thy self
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 richly
                 habited
                 .
              
               To
               one
               addicted
               to
               Male-pleasure
               ,
               yet
               offended
               at
               
               Arcesilaus's
               gravity
               ,
               who
               therefore
               put
               this
               Verse
               to
               him
               ,
               
                 
                   Is
                   't
                   lawful
                   to
                   love
                   chastly
                   ,
                   or
                   be
                   mute
                   ?
                
              
            
             
               He
               thus
               return'd
               ,
               
                 
                   Woman
                   speak
                   out
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   me
                   no
                   hard
                   Questions
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Being
               importun'd
               by
               a
               prating
               fellow
               of
               mean
               Birth
               :
               
                 
                   The
                   Sons
                   of
                   Slaves
                   can
                   never
                   rule
                   their
                   Tongues
                   .
                
              
            
             
               To
               another
               that
               talk'd
               him
               almost
               to
               death
               ,
               and
               made
               a
               din
               of
               words
               about
               his
               Ears
               :
               
                 In
                 good
                 truth
              
               ,
               (
               said
               he
               )
               
                 tho●
                 hadst
                 a
                 very
                 bad
                 Nurse
                 :
              
               But
               to
               several
               he
               would
               never
               answer
               at
               all
               .
               However
               to
               a
               talkative
               Usurer
               ,
               who
               told
               him
               ,
               there
               was
               something
               which
               he
               did
               not
               understand
               :
               He
               made
               this
               reply
               ,
               
                 
                   The
                   Female
                   Bird
                   forgets
                   a
                   stormy
                   blast
                   ,
                
                 
                   Vntil
                   it
                   shake
                   her
                   young
                   ones
                   in
                   the
                   Nest
                   .
                
              
            
             
             
               Which
               words
               were
               taken
               out
               of
               
                 Sophocles's
                 Oenomaus
              
               .
               To
               a
               certain
               Rhetorician
               ,
               whose
               name
               was
               Alexinus
               ,
               who
               was
               not
               able
               to
               expound
               certain
               Sentences
               of
               Alexinus
               ,
               he
               gave
               this
               admonition
               ,
               to
               remember
               how
               Philoxenus
               serv'd
               the
               Brick-maker
               ;
               for
               he
               over-hearing
               some
               of
               the
               Brick-makers
               spoiling
               his
               Songs
               ,
               while
               they
               sung
               without
               skill
               ,
               and
               out
               of
               Tune
               ,
               fell
               a
               breaking
               their
               Bricks
               ,
               saying
               withal
               ,
               
                 You
                 spoil
                 my
                 Songs
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 'le
                 break
                 your
                 ▪
                 Bricks
                 .
              
               He
               was
               offended
               with
               all
               those
               that
               had
               not
               learn'd
               the
               liberal
               Sciences
               in
               due
               time
               .
               Naturally
               in
               discourse
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               make
               use
               of
               this
               expression
               ,
               
                 I
                 say
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Such
                 a
                 one
                 will
                 not
                 agree
                 to
                 this
                 .
              
               Which
               many
               of
               his
               Scholars
               imitated
               ,
               as
               they
               did
               also
               his
               Rhetorical
               Manner
               ,
               and
               the
               Form
               of
               his
               Elocution
               .
               He
               was
               also
               very
               happy
               in
               the
               invention
               of
               proper
               words
               ,
               and
               to
               fit
               the
               periods
               of
               his
               Orations
               to
               the
               subject
               ;
               and
               to
               accommodate
               his
               Sentences
               to
               all
               Times
               and
               Seasons
               .
               He
               was
               also
               endu'd
               with
               a
               most
               admirable
               gift
               of
               perswasion
               upon
               any
               Argument
               whatever
               .
               For
               which
               reason
               great
               numbers
               of
               Scholars
               flock'd
               to
               his
               School
               ,
               that
               condemn'd
               his
               Acuteness
               ;
               and
               yet
               for
               all
               that
               they
               willingly
               bore
               with
               him
               :
               For
               he
               was
               very
               honest
               ,
               and
               fill'd
               his
               Hearers
               with
               good
               hopes
               .
               In
               
               his
               life
               also
               he
               was
               very
               communicative
               ,
               and
               ready
               to
               do
               kindnesses
               ,
               scorning
               to
               boast
               of
               his
               courtesies
               which
               he
               endeavour'd
               to
               conceal
               as
               much
               as
               in
               him
               lay
               .
               So
               that
               going
               to
               visit
               Ktesibus
               in
               a
               fit
               of
               sickness
               ,
               and
               finding
               him
               distressed
               with
               Poverty
               ,
               he
               privately
               convey'd
               a
               Purse
               of
               Money
               under
               his
               Pillow
               ;
               which
               the
               other
               finding
               ,
               cry'd
               out
               ,
               this
               is
               one
               of
               
               Arcesilaus's
               childish
               tricks
               .
               And
               by
               his
               recommendation
               of
               Archias
               the
               Arcadian
               to
               Eumenes
               ,
               he
               got
               him
               into
               great
               preferment
               .
               Being
               also
               very
               liberal
               ,
               and
               one
               that
               contemned
               Mony
               ,
               he
               lov'd
               to
               shew
               his
               Grandeur
               in
               Silver
               Plate
               ,
               wherein
               ,
               while
               he
               laboured
               to
               out-vy
               Archecrates
               and
               Callicrates
               ,
               he
               would
               not
               be
               at
               quiet
               till
               he
               was
               serv'd
               in
               Gold
               ;
               and
               lent
               his
               Plate
               to
               many
               with
               whom
               he
               frequently
               Supp'd
               and
               Feasted
               .
               Among
               the
               rest
               there
               was
               one
               who
               had
               borrowed
               his
               Plate
               ,
               to
               entertain
               his
               Friends
               ,
               never
               sent
               it
               again
               ;
               nor
               did
               he
               ever
               ask
               for
               it
               ,
               or
               lay
               claim
               to
               it
               more
               .
               Others
               say
               ,
               he
               purposely
               lent
               him
               the
               Plate
               ,
               and
               perceiving
               him
               to
               be
               poor
               ,
               freely
               afterwards
               gave
               it
               him
               .
               For
               he
               had
               an
               Estate
               in
               Pitana
               ,
               a
               Town
               of
               Laconia
               ,
               from
               whence
               his
               Brother
               Pylades
               furnished
               him
               with
               Money
               .
               Besides
               that
               Eumenes
               the
               Son
               of
               Philetaerus
               allowed
               him
               plentifully
               .
               And
               therefore
               of
               all
               the
               
               other
               Kings
               he
               devoted
               himself
               to
               th●●
               Prince
               alone
               .
               So
               that
               when
               many
               flocked
               to
               Antigonus
               ,
               courting
               his
               favour
               ,
               he
               only
               forbore
               ,
               as
               unwilling
               to
               thrust
               himself
               into
               his
               acquaintance
               .
               However
               he
               was
               a
               great
               friend
               of
               
               Hierocles's
               who
               possessed
               Mynichia
               ,
               and
               the
               Piraeum
               .
               And
               therefore
               upon
               Holy-days
               he
               was
               always
               wont
               to
               go
               and
               visit
               him
               :
               And
               being
               by
               him
               perswaded
               to
               wait
               upon
               Antigonu●
               ,
               he
               would
               not
               absolutely
               refuse
               him
               ,
               but
               when
               he
               came
               to
               the
               Door
               ,
               he
               turn'd
               back
               and
               would
               not
               go
               in
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               after
               the
               Naval
               fight
               fought
               by
               Antigonus
               ,
               when
               several
               wrote
               to
               him
               conslatory
               Epistles
               ,
               he
               only
               kept
               himself
               silent
               .
               And
               therefore
               being
               sent
               by
               his
               Country
               upon
               an
               Embassy
               to
               Antigonus
               ,
               as
               far
               as
               Demetriades
               ,
               he
               return'd
               without
               being
               able
               to
               effect
               what
               he
               went
               for
               .
               And
               therefore
               he
               always
               spent
               his
               time
               in
               the
               Academy
               ,
               avoiding
               the
               trouble
               of
               State
               Affairs
               ;
               and
               sometimes
               exercised
               his
               Wit
               in
               the
               Piraeum
               ,
               discoursing
               upon
               Arguments
               Extempore
               .
               For
               he
               was
               very
               familiar
               ,
               as
               we
               have
               said
               ,
               with
               Hierocles
               ;
               for
               which
               he
               was
               tax'd
               by
               several
               .
               And
               being
               very
               magnificent
               in
               his
               Expences
               ,
               (
               for
               what
               was
               he
               other
               than
               a
               second
               Aristippus
               ?
               )
               he
               not
               only
               made
               great
               entertainments
               for
               those
               of
               his
               own
               humour
               ,
               
               but
               also
               accepted
               of
               their
               entertainments
               :
               besides
               that
               he
               openly
               frequented
               the
               two
               Elean
               Curtezans
               Theodota
               and
               Philaet●
               ;
               and
               to
               those
               that
               reproved
               him
               ,
               he
               still
               quoted
               the
               Apothegms
               of
               Aristippus
               :
               He
               was
               also
               very
               much
               addicted
               to
               Male-Incontinency
               ,
               and
               therefore
               Aristo
               the
               Chiote
               ,
               and
               his
               Scholars
               ,
               called
               him
               corrupter
               of
               youth
               ;
               and
               Eloquent
               and
               Audacious
               Buggerer
               .
               And
               therefore
               he
               is
               said
               to
               have
               been
               greatly
               in
               love
               with
               Demetrius
               ,
               in
               his
               Voyage
               for
               Cyreone
               ,
               and
               with
               Leocharus
               the
               Myrleanian
               ,
               of
               whom
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               among
               his
               
                 Compotators
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 himself
                 would
                 fain
                 have
                 open'd
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 other
                 would
                 not
                 let
                 him
                 .
              
               On
               the
               other
               side
               he
               was
               beloved
               by
               Demochares
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Laches
               ,
               and
               Pythocles
               the
               Son
               of
               Bugelus
               ;
               whom
               ,
               when
               he
               admitted
               ,
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               he
               only
               gave
               way
               for
               patience
               sake
               .
            
             
               More
               than
               this
               ,
               his
               Back-biters
               before
               mention'd
               ,
               severely
               tax'd
               him
               for
               his
               vain
               affectation
               of
               Glory
               ,
               and
               vulgar
               Admiration
               .
               But
               he
               was
               chiefly
               set
               upon
               by
               Hieronymus
               the
               Peripatetic
               ,
               when
               he
               invited
               his
               friends
               to
               celebrate
               the
               Birth-day
               of
               Alcyoneus
               the
               Son
               of
               Antigonus
               ,
               upon
               which
               day
               Antigonus
               sent
               him
               a
               considerable
               ●●●m
               of
               Money
               to
               bear
               his
               Expences
               .
               At
               what
               time
               refusing
               to
               enter
               
               into
               any
               formal
               discourse
               ,
               yet
               being
               by
               Aridelus
               importun'd
               to
               speak
               to
               a
               Theoreme
               which
               he
               propos'd
               :
               '
               
                 T
                 is
                 the
                 chief
                 Quality
                 of
                 Philosophy
                 ,
              
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 to
                 teach
                 the
                 Scholars
                 the
                 Time
                 and
                 Season
                 for
                 every
                 thing
                 .
              
               Now
               that
               he
               affected
               popular
               Applause
               ,
               Timo●
               among
               other
               things
               declares
               after
               his
               Satyrical
               manner
               .
               
                 
                   This
                   said
                   ,
                   obstreperously
                   loud
                
                 
                   He
                   rush'd
                   i'
                   th'
                   thickest
                   of
                   the
                   Croud
                   :
                
                 
                   Where
                   had
                   you
                   seen
                   him
                   act
                   the
                   part
                
                 
                   Of
                   Fool
                   by
                   chance
                   ,
                   but
                   Knave
                   by
                   Art
                   :
                
                 
                   You
                   'd
                   thought
                   the
                   Rabble
                   ,
                   silly
                   Fowl
                   ,
                
                 
                   Struck
                   mute
                   at
                   sight
                   of
                   Monstrous
                   Owl
                   ;
                
                 
                   But
                   never
                   boast
                   to
                   gain
                   the
                   Prize
                
                 
                   From
                   those
                   that
                   see
                   with
                   others
                   Eyes
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   though
                   like
                   Oyl
                   thou
                   swim'st
                   a
                   top
                   ,
                
                 
                   `
                   Th'
                   art
                   ne'r
                   the
                   less
                   conceited
                   Fop.
                   
                
              
            
             
               Yet
               for
               all
               this
               he
               was
               so
               far
               from
               Pride
               and
               Vain-glory
               ,
               that
               he
               would
               often
               exhort
               his
               Scholars
               to
               hear
               other
               Men.
               So
               that
               when
               a
               certain
               young
               man
               ,
               more
               addicted
               to
               the
               forementioned
               Hieronymus
               than
               to
               him
               ,
               he
               took
               the
               Scholar
               by
               the
               hand
               ,
               and
               carrying
               him
               along
               recommended
               him
               to
               the
               Philosopher
               ,
               to
               whom
               he
               exhorted
               him
               withal
               to
               be
               observant
               and
               obedient
               .
               Pleasant
               also
               is
               that
               which
               is
               reported
               of
               him
               ,
               when
               being
               asked
               by
               
               a
               certain
               Person
               ,
               Why
               the
               Scholars
               of
               other
               Sects
               frequently
               betook
               themselves
               to
               the
               Epicurean
               ,
               but
               never
               the
               Epicureans
               forsook
               their
               own
               Masters
               ;
               made
               answer
               ,
               Because
               that
               many
               times
               Men
               were
               made
               Capons
               ,
               but
               Capons
               could
               never
               be
               made
               Men.
               
            
             
               At
               length
               when
               he
               drew
               near
               his
               end
               ,
               he
               left
               his
               whole
               Estate
               to
               Pylades
               his
               Brother
               .
               For
               which
               purpose
               he
               brought
               him
               to
               Chios
               ,
               without
               the
               knowledge
               of
               Moirea
               ,
               and
               thence
               to
               Athens
               .
               For
               in
               his
               life
               time
               he
               never
               marry'd
               a
               Wife
               ,
               nor
               had
               any
               Children
               .
               However
               he
               made
               three
               Wills
               ,
               of
               which
               he
               deposited
               one
               with
               Amphicritus
               in
               Eretria
               ;
               another
               ,
               with
               some
               of
               his
               friends
               in
               Athens
               ,
               and
               the
               third
               he
               sent
               home
               to
               Thaumasias
               ,
               a
               certain
               kinsman
               of
               his
               ,
               desiring
               him
               to
               keep
               it
               ,
               and
               to
               whom
               he
               also
               sent
               the
               following
               Epistle
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   Arcesilaus
                   to
                   Thaumasias
                   ,
                   Greeting
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     I
                     Have
                     given
                     Diogenes
                     my
                     Will
                     to
                     convey
                     to
                     thee
                     ;
                     for
                     by
                     reason
                     I
                     am
                     frequently
                     ill
                     ,
                     and
                     very
                     weak
                     in
                     Body
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     if
                     any
                     sudden
                     change
                     should
                     happen
                     ,
                     I
                     may
                     not
                     be
                     said
                     to
                     have
                     dealt
                     dishonestly
                     by
                     thee
                     ,
                     to
                     whom
                     among
                     all
                     my
                     friends
                     I
                     have
                     been
                     most
                     
                     beholding
                     in
                     my
                     life
                     time
                     :
                     And
                     therefore
                     seeing
                     thou
                     hast
                     always
                     hitherto
                     been
                     so
                     faithful
                     to
                     me
                     ,
                     I
                     desire
                     thee
                     to
                     keep
                     it
                     for
                     me
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     for
                     the
                     sake
                     of
                     thy
                     Age
                     ,
                     as
                     of
                     our
                     familiarity
                     together
                     .
                     Be
                     therefore
                     just
                     to
                     us
                     ,
                     remembring
                     why
                     it
                     is
                     that
                     I
                     entrust
                     thy
                     so
                     nearly
                     alli'd
                     fidelity
                     ,
                     to
                     the
                     end
                     that
                     what
                     I
                     leave
                     behind
                     may
                     be
                     decently
                     and
                     truly
                     disposed
                     of
                     .
                     Other
                     two
                     Wills
                     there
                     are
                     ,
                     the
                     one
                     at
                     Athens
                     with
                     some
                     of
                     my
                     acquaintance
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     other
                     in
                     Eretria
                     with
                     Amphicritus
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   He
                   dy'd
                   ,
                   as
                   Hermippus
                   reports
                   ,
                   after
                   he
                   had
                   drank
                   a
                   great
                   quantity
                   of
                   pure
                   ,
                   unmixt
                   Wine
                   ,
                   and
                   getting
                   a
                   fall
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   being
                   in
                   the
                   seventy
                   fifth
                   year
                   of
                   his
                   Age
                   ;
                   being
                   honour'd
                   by
                   the
                   Athenians
                   above
                   all
                   before
                   him
                   :
                   Upon
                   whom
                   we
                   also
                   made
                   this
                   joquing
                   Epigram
                   .
                   
                     
                       Arcesilaus
                       !
                       What
                       didst
                       thou
                       think
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Had'st
                       nothing
                       else
                       to
                       do
                       but
                       drink
                       ?
                    
                     
                       While
                       night
                       and
                       day
                       thou
                       spard'st
                       no
                       pains
                    
                     
                       To
                       bring
                       a
                       Deluge
                       o're
                       thy
                       Brains
                       :
                    
                     
                       The
                       generous
                       Wine
                       why
                       didst
                       abuse
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Which
                       might
                       have
                       serv'd
                       for
                       better
                       use
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Then
                       thus
                       to
                       murder
                       such
                       a
                       Sot
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Whose
                       shameful
                       death
                       I
                       pity
                       not
                       ?
                    
                     
                     
                       But
                       th'
                       injur'd
                       Muses
                       I
                       deplore
                       ,
                    
                     
                       By
                       thee
                       disgrac'd
                       still
                       more
                       and
                       more
                       ;
                    
                     
                       That
                       notwithstanding
                       pregnant
                       parts
                       ,
                    
                     
                       And
                       other
                       helps
                       of
                       liberal
                       Arts
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Thy
                       Wit
                       and
                       Wisdom
                       dost
                       confound
                       ,
                    
                     
                       In
                       Brimmers
                       ,
                       Brushers
                       ,
                       Facers
                       drown'd
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   There
                   were
                   three
                   other
                   
                   Arcesilaus's
                   :
                   The
                   one
                   a
                   writer
                   of
                   ancient
                   Comedy
                   :
                   the
                   other
                   a
                   Composer
                   of
                   Elegies
                   :
                   The
                   third
                   a
                   Statuary
                   :
                   Upon
                   whom
                   Simonides
                   made
                   this
                   Epigram
                   .
                   
                     
                       
                         Arcesilaus
                         ,
                         Aristodicus
                      
                       Son
                       ,
                    
                     
                       This
                       noble
                       Statue
                       finish'd
                       and
                       begun
                       ;
                    
                     
                       
                       Diana's
                       Portraicture
                       ,
                       made
                       to
                       the
                       life
                       ,
                    
                     
                       The
                       only
                       Goddess
                       ,
                       that
                       would
                       n'er
                       be
                       Wife
                       ;
                    
                     
                       Three
                       hundred
                       Parian
                       Drachma's
                       was
                       the
                       price
                    
                     
                       Of
                       famous
                       Artist
                       for
                       this
                       Master-piece
                       ;
                    
                     
                       In
                       money
                       paid
                       ,
                       to
                       which
                       Aratus
                       face
                    
                     
                       Gave
                       both
                       the
                       value
                       and
                       the
                       outward
                       grace
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   But
                   the
                   abovesaid
                   Philosopher
                   flourished
                   (
                   according
                   to
                   Apollodorus
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Chronicles
                   )
                   about
                   the
                   hundred
                   and
                   twentieth
                   Olympiad
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               BION
               .
            
             
               BION
               ,
               as
               to
               his
               Country
               and
               Nation
               ,
               was
               a
               Borysthenite
               ;
               but
               who
               were
               his
               Parents
               ,
               and
               by
               what
               means
               he
               attain'd
               to
               Philosophy
               ,
               we
               know
               no
               more
               than
               what
               he
               himself
               made
               known
               to
               Antigonus
               ;
               for
               thus
               it
               was
               that
               he
               was
               by
               him
               interrogated
               ;
               
                 
                   Say
                   in
                   what
                   Country
                   ,
                   or
                   what
                   City
                   born
                   ,
                
                 
                   Hither
                   thou
                   cam'st
                   ,
                   thy
                   betters
                   thus
                   to
                   scorn
                   ?
                
              
            
             
               To
               which
               he
               answer'd
               (
               finding
               himself
               touched
               to
               the
               quick
               by
               the
               King's
               Interrogation
               ,
               upon
               the
               report
               of
               some
               of
               his
               ill-willers
               )
               my
               Father
               was
               a
               Borysthenite
               ,
               who
               wore
               in
               his
               dis-figur'd
               forehead
               the
               engraven
               marks
               of
               his
               cruel
               Master
               ;
               afterwards
               being
               free
               from
               Bondage
               ,
               he
               learnt
               to
               wipe
               his
               mouth
               with
               his
               Sleeve
               ,
               (
               intimating
               that
               he
               sold
               Bacon
               and
               Suet
               )
               and
               he
               took
               my
               Mother
               out
               of
               a
               Brothel
               House
               ,
               such
               a
               one
               as
               was
               suitable
               to
               his
               condition
               ,
               and
               he
               could
               ask
               to
               have
               him
               .
               Afterwards
               being
               behind
               hand
               in
               his
               payments
               to
               the
               Toll-gatherers
               ,
               he
               was
               sold
               
               with
               all
               his
               family
               .
               In
               that
               place
               there
               liv'd
               an
               Orator
               ,
               who
               seeing
               me
               to
               be
               young
               ,
               and
               a
               very
               handsome
               youth
               ,
               bought
               me
               for
               a
               Sum
               of
               Money
               ,
               and
               at
               his
               death
               left
               me
               his
               whole
               Estate
               .
               Whereupon
               I
               ,
               taking
               all
               his
               Pictures
               and
               Writings
               ,
               tore
               the
               one
               half
               ,
               and
               set
               fire
               to
               the
               other
               ,
               with
               a
               resolution
               to
               come
               to
               Athens
               ,
               where
               I
               study'd
               Philosophy
               ever
               since
               .
               
                 
                   And
                   thus
                   you
                   have
                   ,
                   in
                   short
                   ,
                   the
                   story
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   I
                   account
                   my
                   chiefest
                   glory
                   .
                
              
            
             
               This
               is
               all
               that
               I
               can
               say
               ,
               in
               few
               words
               ,
               concerning
               my self
               :
               And
               therefore
               there
               was
               no
               need
               for
               Perseus
               and
               Philonides
               to
               break
               their
               Brains
               about
               inserting
               my
               Genealogy
               into
               their
               History
               :
               If
               thou
               hast
               any
               more
               to
               say
               to
               me
               ,
               look
               upon
               me
               ,
               and
               let
               my
               Ancestors
               alone
               .
            
             
               Bion
               was
               a
               very
               subtle
               Man
               ,
               full
               of
               wiles
               and
               tricks
               ,
               and
               one
               that
               for
               niceties
               and
               evasions
               had
               not
               his
               Equal
               among
               the
               Sophisters
               :
               For
               he
               began
               ,
               when
               he
               was
               but
               very
               young
               ,
               to
               challenge
               the
               field
               of
               dispute
               with
               any
               that
               would
               exercise
               their
               gifts
               in
               Philosophy
               .
               Nevertheless
               in
               several
               other
               things
               he
               knew
               well
               how
               to
               confine
               his
               humour
               ,
               and
               was
               extreamly
               civil
               and
               pleasing
               in
               his
               behaviour
               .
            
             
             
               He
               has
               left
               to
               Posterity
               several
               remarkable
               Tracts
               ,
               and
               an
               infinite
               number
               of
               Sentences
               very
               grave
               and
               profitable
               ,
               as
               for
               example
               :
               He
               was
               upbraided
               by
               a
               certain
               person
               ,
               That
               he
               had
               not
               detained
               a
               certain
               young
               man
               at
               his
               House
               :
               To
               whom
               returning
               this
               answer
               ,
               
                 'T
                 is
                 not
                 an
                 easie
                 thing
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 to
                 hang
                 a
                 green
                 Chees●
                 upon
                 a
                 Hook.
              
               Another
               time
               he
               was
               ask'd
               who
               were
               the
               least
               troubled
               with
               care
               ?
               They
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 that
                 give
                 themselves
                 the
                 least
                 trouble
                 to
                 spend
                 the
                 day
                 in
                 quiet
                 .
              
               He
               was
               also
               ask'd
               whether
               it
               were
               good
               to
               marry
               a
               Wife
               ?
               (
               for
               this
               Repartee
               is
               also
               ascribed
               to
               him
               )
               
                 If
                 thou
                 marriest
                 a
                 deformed
                 Woman
                 ,
              
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 thou
                 wilt
                 always
                 be
                 in
                 discontent
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 thou
                 marriest
                 a
                 beautiful
                 Woman
                 ,
                 she
                 will
                 be
                 common
                 .
              
               He
               call'd
               old
               Age
               the
               Haven
               of
               all
               Diseases
               (
               for
               that
               all
               our
               miseries
               and
               sufferings
               seem
               to
               be
               unladen
               ,
               and
               put
               there
               ashore
               .
               )
               That
               Honour
               was
               the
               Mother
               of
               Years
               ,
               Beauty
               a
               good
               Passenger
               ,
               and
               Riches
               the
               Sinew●
               of
               Business
               .
               To
               one
               that
               had
               spent
               his
               Estate
               in
               Lands
               ,
               
                 The
                 Earth
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 formerly
                 swallowed
              
               Amphiaraus
               ,
               
                 but
                 thou
                 hast
                 devoured
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
              
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               't
               was
               a
               great
               evil
               not
               to
               be
               able
               to
               suffer
               Evil.
               He
               reprehended
               those
               that
               buried
               the
               Bodies
               of
               the
               dead
               ,
               as
               if
               there
               remained
               no
               feeling
               after
               death
               .
               He
               was
               
               us'd
               to
               say
               ,
               that
               't
               was
               better
               to
               pleasure
               others
               with
               his
               Beauty
               ,
               than
               to
               seek
               the
               satisfaction
               of
               his
               own
               Lust
               ,
               for
               that
               he
               who
               did
               otherwise
               ,
               wasted
               both
               his
               Body
               and
               his
               Understanding
               .
               He
               argued
               against
               Socrates
               in
               this
               manner
               ;
               Either
               he
               might
               make
               use
               of
               Alcibiades
               ,
               or
               he
               might
               not
               :
               If
               he
               could
               and
               would
               not
               ,
               he
               was
               a
               Fool
               :
               If
               he
               had
               a
               mind
               and
               could
               not
               ,
               't
               was
               no
               Vertue
               in
               him
               .
               He
               said
               ,
               that
               certainly
               the
               way
               to
               Hell
               was
               easie
               to
               find
               ,
               because
               all
               men
               went
               thither
               blindfold
               .
               He
               blam'd
               Alcibiades
               ,
               saying
               ,
               that
               in
               his
               Youth
               he
               had
               debauch'd
               Men
               from
               their
               Wives
               ,
               but
               that
               when
               he
               came
               to
               be
               a
               Man
               ,
               he
               debauch'd
               Women
               from
               their
               Husbands
               .
            
             
               Thus
               ,
               as
               some
               of
               the
               Athenians
               with
               whom
               he
               met
               at
               Rhodes
               ,
               profess'd
               the
               Art
               of
               Oratory
               ,
               he
               taught
               Philosophy
               ;
               and
               being
               ask'd
               why
               he
               did
               so
               ,
               Because
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 brought
                 Wheat
                 hither
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 sell
                 Barley
                 .
              
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               that
               't
               was
               a
               greater
               pain
               to
               the
               damn'd
               to
               carry
               water
               in
               sound
               Vessels
               ,
               than
               in
               such
               as
               were
               bor'd
               thorough
               .
            
             
               To
               a
               certain
               talkative
               person
               that
               desir'd
               him
               to
               lend
               him
               his
               assistance
               in
               some
               business
               he
               had
               to
               do
               :
               Yes
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 will
                 ,
                 provided
                 thou
                 wilt
                 stay
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 and
                 send
                 me
                 i'
                 thy
                 stead
                 .
              
               Another
               time
               as
               he
               was
               going
               
               to
               Sea
               ,
               very
               meanly
               habited
               ,
               he
               fell
               into
               Pyrats
               hands
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               ,
               the
               rest
               whispering
               among
               themselves
               ,
               
                 We
                 are
                 lost
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 should
                 be
                 known
                 :
                 And
                 I
                 ,
              
               reply'd
               he
               ,
               
                 am
                 lost
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 are
                 not
                 known
                 .
              
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               that
               Arrogance
               was
               a
               great
               hinderance
               to
               a
               Man
               in
               the
               attaining
               of
               Knowledge
               .
               And
               talking
               of
               a
               Covetous
               Man
               ,
               he
               is
               not
               Master
               of
               his
               Wealth
               ,
               but
               his
               Wealth
               is
               Master
               of
               him
               :
               That
               covetous
               Men
               were
               careful
               of
               their
               Riches
               ,
               as
               belonging
               to
               'em
               ;
               but
               made
               use
               of
               their
               Wealth
               as
               if
               it
               were
               none
               of
               their
               own
               .
               That
               prudence
               is
               as
               far
               different
               from
               the
               other
               vertues
               ,
               as
               the
               sight
               from
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Senses
               :
               That
               we
               make
               use
               of
               our
               Strength
               in
               our
               Youth
               ,
               of
               our
               Prudence
               in
               our
               old
               Age
               ;
               and
               that
               we
               ought
               not
               to
               upbraid
               old
               Age
               ,
               as
               being
               that
               to
               which
               we
               all
               aspire
               .
               To
               a
               certain
               envious
               person
               that
               look'd
               with
               a
               sowre
               and
               pensive
               Aspect
               ;
               
                 The
                 question
                 is
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 whether
                 thy
                 misfortune
                 be
                 greater
                 than
                 the
                 others
                 good
                 luck
                 .
              
               He
               was
               also
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               that
               Impiety
               was
               an
               ill
               companion
               for
               Fidelity
               .
               For
               ,
               
                 
                   'T
                   will
                   gain
                   the
                   Man
                   ,
                   how
                   stout
                   so
                   e're
                   he
                   be
                   .
                
              
            
             
               And
               that
               a
               Man
               ought
               to
               preserve
               his
               friends
               ,
               in
               whatsoever
               condition
               they
               are
               ,
               
               that
               we
               may
               not
               give
               people
               an
               occasion
               that
               we
               shun
               the
               good
               ,
               because
               they
               will
               not
               humour
               our
               bad
               Manners
               ;
               or
               if
               they
               be
               bad
               ,
               that
               wicked
               familiarity
               cannot
               last
               long
               .
            
             
               At
               first
               he
               contemned
               the
               Statutes
               of
               the
               Academy
               ,
               at
               the
               same
               time
               that
               he
               was
               a
               Hearer
               of
               Crates
               ;
               afterwards
               he
               made
               choice
               of
               the
               Stoics
               manner
               of
               living
               ,
               walking
               with
               a
               stick
               in
               his
               Hand
               ,
               and
               a
               Wallet
               about
               his
               Neck
               .
               But
               who
               could
               have
               perswaded
               him
               to
               that
               Constancy
               of
               Courage
               ,
               but
               Crates
               ?
               Then
               he
               would
               needs
               understand
               the
               Doctrine
               of
               the
               Theodorians
               ,
               upon
               which
               consideration
               he
               frequented
               the
               disputing
               Place
               of
               prophane
               Theodorus
               ,
               being
               allured
               thither
               by
               the
               floridness
               of
               his
               Language
               :
               for
               he
               enriched
               ,
               and
               embellished
               it
               with
               all
               manner
               of
               Figures
               .
               And
               lastly
               ,
               he
               went
               to
               hear
               Theophrastus
               the
               Peripatetic
               .
            
             
               But
               now
               he
               was
               ambitious
               of
               Spectators
               himself
               ,
               whom
               he
               entertain'd
               with
               lively
               and
               pleasant
               Proposals
               ,
               so
               as
               to
               move
               the
               Auditory
               to
               Laughter
               ;
               for
               he
               discoursed
               of
               every
               thing
               in
               extravagant
               Terms
               .
               But
               in
               regard
               he
               interlarded
               his
               Discourses
               partly
               with
               Philosophical
               Simplicity
               ,
               partly
               with
               Rhetorical
               Gayety
               ;
               't
               is
               reported
               that
               Eratosthenes
               said
               of
               him
               ,
               that
               Bion
               was
               the
               first
               that
               had
               accouter'd
               
               Philosophy
               in
               a
               Garment
               ,
               embroidered
               with
               several
               Flowers
               pluck'd
               from
               the
               Garden
               of
               Oratory
               .
               His
               natural
               Genius
               inclined
               him
               to
               make
               Verses
               ,
               as
               you
               may
               see
               by
               this
               short
               sketch
               of
               his
               Wit.
               
               
                 
                   My
                   pretty
                   Archytas
                   Spruce
                   Fidle-faddle
                   ,
                
                 
                   Wealth-boasting
                   Fop
                   ,
                   and
                   Songster
                   from
                   thy
                   Cradle
                   :
                
                 
                   Who
                   dares
                   dispute
                   ,
                   or
                   sing
                   with
                   thee
                   for
                   Praise
                   ?
                
                 
                   Not
                   I
                   ,
                   beshrew
                   my
                   Heart
                   ,
                   I
                   love
                   my
                   Ease
                   .
                
              
            
             
               As
               for
               Music
               and
               Geometry
               ,
               his
               Exercises
               were
               but
               Pastimes
               to
               him
               .
               He
               was
               also
               greatly
               delighted
               to
               be
               in
               good
               Company
               ,
               especially
               where
               there
               was
               Mirth
               and
               good
               Chear
               ;
               which
               was
               the
               Reason
               that
               he
               frequently
               travelled
               from
               City
               to
               City
               .
               Sometimes
               he
               would
               strive
               to
               delude
               his
               Spectators
               with
               some
               genteel
               Illusion
               ;
               as
               when
               at
               Rhodes
               ,
               he
               perswaded
               the
               Seamen
               to
               put
               on
               long
               Garments
               ,
               and
               go
               along
               with
               him
               to
               the
               Colledge
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               seem
               to
               appear
               in
               State
               among
               a
               train
               of
               Philosophers
               .
               His
               custom
               also
               was
               to
               adopt
               youngmen
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               make
               use
               of
               their
               Bodies
               for
               his
               Kindness
               ,
               and
               be
               Protected
               by
               their
               favour
               .
            
             
             
               As
               to
               what
               remains
               ,
               he
               was
               a
               person
               that
               did
               all
               for
               the
               love
               of
               himself
               ,
               and
               who
               had
               this
               Expression
               frequently
               in
               his
               Mouth
               ,
               That
               all
               things
               ought
               to
               be
               common
               among
               Friends
               .
               And
               this
               was
               the
               Reason
               ,
               that
               among
               so
               great
               a
               number
               of
               Scholars
               ,
               there
               was
               not
               one
               that
               would
               acknowledge
               himself
               to
               be
               his
               Disciple
               ,
               because
               he
               was
               noted
               for
               debauching
               several
               ,
               and
               tempting
               'em
               to
               Impudence
               .
               For
               it
               is
               reported
               ,
               that
               Bution
               one
               of
               his
               familiar
               Acquaintance
               could
               not
               forbear
               saying
               one
               day
               to
               Menedemus
               ,
               every
               Night
               I
               am
               linked
               to
               Bion
               ,
               and
               yet
               I
               cannot
               think
               I
               act
               any
               thing
               that
               unbeseems
               me
               .
               Moreover
               he
               entertained
               those
               that
               went
               to
               visit
               him
               ,
               with
               lewd
               Discourses
               ,
               full
               of
               Impiety
               ;
               which
               he
               had
               learned
               at
               Prophane
               
               Theodorus's
               School
               .
            
             
               At
               length
               falling
               sick
               at
               Chal●is
               ,
               for
               there
               he
               dyed
               ,
               he
               was
               perswaded
               ,
               as
               they
               say
               that
               were
               about
               him
               ,
               to
               implore
               the
               Mercy
               of
               the
               Gods
               ,
               and
               to
               repent
               of
               his
               Transgressions
               against
               the
               Celestial
               Powers
               ,
               and
               at
               length
               to
               make
               use
               of
               certain
               Charms
               and
               Invocations
               .
               And
               at
               last
               he
               fell
               into
               great
               want
               of
               all
               things
               necessary
               for
               the
               Comfort
               of
               the
               Sick
               ,
               until
               Antigonus
               sent
               two
               of
               his
               own
               Servants
               to
               attend
               him
               .
               But
               as
               Phavorinus
               reports
               in
               his
               various
               History
               ,
               he
               died
               
               in
               a
               Litter
               upon
               the
               Road
               ,
               where
               Antigonus
               himself
               was
               coming
               to
               meet
               him
               ,
               and
               bear
               him
               Company
               .
               However
               after
               his
               Death
               we
               displayed
               him
               to
               the
               World
               in
               these
               nipping
               Verses
               of
               our
               own
               .
               
                 
                   Bion
                   ,
                   the
                   Man
                   whom
                   Soythian
                   Earth
                
                 
                   On
                   Borysthenian
                   Banks
                   gave
                   Birth
                   ,
                
                 
                   When
                   he
                   all
                   herds
                   of
                   Sects
                   had
                   tryed
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Gods
                   themselves
                   at
                   last
                   denied
                   ;
                
                 
                   In
                   which
                   ,
                   if
                   fix'd
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   presage
                
                 
                   Him
                   Virtuoso
                   of
                   his
                   Age.
                
                 
                   But
                   long
                   he
                   could
                   not
                   thus
                   persist
                   ,
                
                 
                   An
                   Accident
                   dispers'd
                   the
                   Mist
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   made
                   him
                   surcease
                   to
                   pursue
                
                 
                   Thoughts
                   surely
                   false
                   ,
                   tho'
                   seeming
                   true
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   lingring
                   Sickness
                   on
                   him
                   seiz'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   neither
                   Drink
                   ,
                   nor
                   Diet
                   pleas'd
                   ;
                
                 
                   His
                   Sight
                   grown
                   dim
                   ,
                   and
                   short
                   his
                   Breath
                   ,
                
                 
                   (
                   sure
                   Symptoms
                   of
                   approaching
                   Death
                   .
                   )
                
                 
                   He
                   that
                   the
                   Gods
                   call'd
                   Sons
                   of
                   Whores
                   ,
                
                 
                   with
                   Prayers
                   and
                   Tears
                   their
                   aid
                   implores
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   ,
                   that
                   at
                   sight
                   of
                   Temples
                   smil'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   scornfully
                   their
                   Rites
                   revil'd
                   ;
                
                 
                   With
                   Superstition
                   now
                   oregrown
                   ,
                
                 
                   No
                   Zeal
                   can
                   please
                   him
                   like
                   his
                   own
                   .
                
                 
                   Their
                   Altars
                   oft
                   by
                   him
                   despis'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   With
                   adoration
                   now
                   are
                   priz'd
                   ;
                
                 
                   With
                   far-fetch'd
                   Gums
                   ,
                   and
                   rich
                   Perfumes
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   expiate
                   his
                   Guilt
                   presumes
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Such
                   strange
                   Effects
                   works
                   Big
                   ot
                   Fear
                   ,
                
                 
                   Now
                   ,
                   God●
                   can
                   Smell
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   Hear
                   .
                
                 
                   His
                   Neck
                   stoops
                   down
                   to
                   bear
                   whole
                   loads
                
                 
                   Of
                   Old
                   Wives
                   Charms
                   ,
                   and
                   parched
                   Toads
                   ,
                
                 
                   His
                   wrists
                   the
                   Philter'd
                   Bracelet
                   binds
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   strong
                   Perswasion
                   Reason
                   Blinds
                   .
                
                 
                   White-Thorn
                   and
                   Laurel
                   deck
                   his
                   Gates
                   ,
                
                 
                   Vncertain
                   Spells
                   for
                   certain
                   Fates
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   thousand
                   Tricks
                   he
                   'd
                   gladly
                   try
                   ,
                
                 
                   Rather
                   than
                   once
                   submit
                   to
                   dye
                   .
                
                 
                   Confounded
                   Sot
                   to
                   take
                   such
                   Pain
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   fashion
                   Gods
                   for
                   thine
                   own
                   Gain
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   if
                   that
                   Gods
                   must
                   then
                   be
                   made
                   ,
                
                 
                   Only
                   when
                   Bion
                   wants
                   their
                   Aid
                   .
                
                 
                   All
                   this
                   too
                   late
                   ,
                   when
                   parch'd
                   to
                   Cole
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   nothing
                   left
                   but
                   only
                   Soul
                   :
                
                 
                   Nothing
                   remains
                   for
                   thee
                   to
                   do
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   the
                   Infernal
                   God
                   to
                   woe
                   ;
                
                 
                   And
                   he
                   no
                   doubt
                   will
                   make
                   thee
                   room
                   ,
                
                 
                   When
                   thou
                   shalt
                   cry
                   ,
                   
                     Great
                     Bion's
                  
                   come
                   .
                
              
            
             
               We
               find
               that
               there
               were
               ten
               Bions
               in
               all
               ;
               the
               first
               was
               a
               Proconnesian
               ,
               in
               the
               time
               of
               Pherecydes
               the
               Syrian
               ,
               of
               whose
               Writing
               we
               have
               ten
               Treatises
               .
               The
               second
               was
               a
               Syracusian
               ,
               who
               wrote
               a
               tract
               of
               Rhetoric
               .
               The
               third
               was
               he
               whose
               Life
               we
               have
               exposed
               .
               The
               fourth
               was
               an
               Abderite
               ,
               a
               follower
               of
               Democritus
               ,
               who
               wrote
               of
               the
               Mathematics
               in
               the
               Attic
               and
               Ionic
               Dialect
               ,
               and
               the
               first
               
               who
               affirm'd
               that
               there
               were
               Regions
               ,
               where
               there
               was
               six
               Months
               of
               Day
               ,
               and
               six
               Months
               Night
               together
               .
               The
               fifth
               was
               a
               Native
               of
               Soli
               ,
               who
               wrote
               the
               Ethiopic
               History
               .
               The
               sixth
               was
               a
               Rhetorician
               ,
               of
               whose
               Writings
               we
               have
               nine
               Books
               ,
               every
               one
               under
               the
               name
               of
               a
               particular
               Muse
               .
               The
               seventh
               was
               a
               Lyric
               Poet.
               The
               eighth
               ,
               a
               Statuary
               of
               Miletum
               ;
               of
               whom
               Polemo
               makes
               mention
               ,
               the
               ninth
               a
               Tragic
               Poet
               ,
               of
               the
               number
               of
               those
               whom
               we
               call
               Tarsicks
               .
               And
               the
               tenth
               a
               Statuary
               of
               Clazomenia
               ,
               or
               Chio
               ,
               of
               whom
               Hipponax
               makes
               mention
               .
            
          
           
             
               THE
               LIFE
               OF
               LACYDES
               .
            
             
               LACYDES
               ,
               a
               Native
               of
               Cyrene
               ,
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Alexander
               ;
               Head
               of
               the
               new
               Academy
               ,
               succeeding
               Arcesilaus
               ;
               a
               Person
               certainly
               of
               an
               exquisite
               severity
               ,
               and
               one
               that
               had
               a
               number
               of
               Scholars
               that
               followed
               his
               Precepts
               .
               From
               his
               Youth
               he
               was
               much
               addicted
               to
               study
               ,
               but
               very
               Poor
               ,
               which
               made
               him
               the
               more
               complaisant
               ,
               and
               delightful
               in
               Conversation
               .
            
             
             
               'T
               is
               reported
               that
               he
               had
               a
               custom
               to
               fix
               his
               Seal
               upon
               the
               Keyhole
               of
               his
               Buttery
               ,
               and
               then
               threw
               the
               Ring
               into
               the
               Buttery
               again
               ,
               through
               a
               small
               slit
               in
               the
               Door
               ,
               that
               no
               Body
               might
               get
               to
               his
               Victuals
               but
               himself
               .
               Which
               his
               Servants
               observing
               ,
               did
               the
               same
               as
               he
               did
               ;
               for
               they
               took
               off
               the
               Seal
               ,
               stole
               his
               Meat
               ,
               then
               fixing
               the
               Impression
               of
               his
               Seal
               upon
               the
               Lock
               ,
               threw
               the
               Key
               into
               the
               Buttery
               again
               ;
               which
               little
               Theft
               ,
               though
               they
               frequently
               practised
               ,
               yet
               could
               they
               never
               be
               caught
               .
            
             
               But
               now
               Lacydes
               ,
               being
               Head
               of
               the
               new
               Academy
               ,
               retired
               to
               the
               Garden
               ,
               which
               King
               Attalus
               caused
               to
               be
               made
               ,
               where
               he
               set
               up
               his
               School
               ,
               and
               call'd
               it
               Lacydion
               ,
               from
               his
               own
               Name
               .
               He
               was
               the
               only
               Person
               ,
               who
               in
               his
               Life
               surrendered
               the
               Charge
               of
               his
               School
               to
               another
               :
               for
               they
               report
               that
               he
               turned
               it
               over
               to
               two
               
                 Phoceans
                 ,
                 Teleclus
              
               ,
               and
               Evander
               ,
               to
               whom
               succeeded
               Hegesinus
               a
               Pergamenian
               ,
               and
               from
               
                 Hegesinus
                 ,
                 Carneades
              
               .
            
             
               The
               chiefest
               of
               his
               Repartees
               were
               these
               .
               Attalus
               sent
               for
               him
               one
               day
               to
               come
               to
               him
               ;
               to
               whom
               he
               returned
               for
               answer
               ,
               That
               Images
               were
               to
               be
               view'd
               afar
               off
               .
               To
               one
               that
               check'd
               another
               for
               studying
               Geometry
               in
               his
               old
               Age
               ,
               and
               
               crying
               to
               him
               ,
               Is
               this
               a
               time
               to
               be
               learning
               ?
               Lacydes
               replied
               ,
               When
               wouldst
               thou
               have
               him
               learn
               then
               ?
               after
               he
               is
               Dead
               ?
            
             
               As
               to
               his
               death
               ,
               he
               ended
               his
               days
               presently
               after
               he
               was
               made
               chief
               of
               the
               School
               ,
               which
               was
               in
               the
               fourth
               Year
               of
               the
               Hundred
               thirty
               fourth
               Olympiad
               ;
               after
               he
               had
               spent
               six
               and
               twenty
               Years
               in
               the
               Schools
               .
               He
               died
               of
               a
               Palsy
               ,
               which
               he
               got
               with
               excessive
               Drinking
               .
               Which
               was
               the
               reason
               we
               gave
               him
               the
               following
               Epigram
               .
               
                 
                   All
                   the
                   report
                   about
                   the
                   Country
                   goes
                   ,
                
                 
                   Friend
                   Lacydes
                   ,
                   how
                   Bacchus
                   bound
                   thy
                   toes
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   haul'd
                   thee
                   bound
                   to
                   
                     Hells
                     infernal
                  
                   Gate
                   ,
                
                 
                   Where
                   then
                   he
                   left
                   thee
                   overcharg'd
                   in
                   Pate
                   .
                
                 
                   What
                   Riddle
                   's
                   this
                   ?
                   for
                   Riddle
                   it
                   must
                   be
                   ,
                
                 
                   When
                   chearful
                   Wine
                   sets
                   all
                   the
                   Members
                   free
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   's
                   the
                   Mistake
                   ;
                   for
                   Bacchus
                   did
                   not
                   bind
                   him
                   ;
                
                 
                   He
                   only
                   found
                   him
                   bound
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   resign'd
                   him
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               CARNEADES
               .
            
             
               CARNEADES
               the
               Son
               of
               Epicomus
               ,
               or
               according
               to
               Alexander
               ,
               in
               his
               Book
               of
               Successions
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Philocomus
               ,
               was
               a
               native
               of
               Cyrene
               .
            
             
               He
               diligently
               employed
               his
               time
               in
               reading
               the
               Books
               of
               Speusippus
               and
               other
               Stoics
               ;
               which
               having
               done
               ,
               he
               was
               not
               readily
               drawn
               to
               consent
               to
               their
               opinions
               ,
               though
               if
               he
               were
               constrained
               to
               oppose
               'em
               ;
               he
               did
               it
               with
               all
               the
               Modesty
               imaginable
               ,
               as
               he
               that
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               unless
               Chrysippus
               were
               ,
               I
               could
               not
               be
               .
               He
               was
               wonderfully
               studious
               ,
               more
               especially
               in
               moral
               Philosophy
               ;
               for
               of
               natural
               Philosophy
               he
               made
               no
               great
               reckoning
               .
               Nay
               he
               was
               so
               intent
               at
               his
               Study
               ,
               that
               he
               would
               not
               allow
               himself
               leisure
               to
               Comb
               his
               hair
               ,
               and
               pair
               his
               Nails
               .
               So
               that
               at
               length
               his
               Discourses
               were
               so
               Sinewy
               in
               matters
               of
               Philosophy
               ,
               that
               the
               Orators
               flocked
               from
               all
               parts
               to
               his
               School
               ,
               on
               purpose
               to
               hear
               him
               .
               Besides
               he
               had
               a
               very
               strong
               and
               sonorous
               Voice
               ,
               insomuch
               that
               the
               head
               of
               the
               Colledge
               sent
               to
               him
               ,
               not
               to
               speak
               so
               loud
               :
               to
               
               whom
               he
               sent
               word
               ,
               that
               he
               should
               send
               him
               a
               Measure
               for
               his
               Voice
               ;
               upon
               which
               the
               Principal
               replied
               ,
               that
               Carneades
               had
               answered
               wisely
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               purpose
               .
               For
               that
               the
               Auditory
               was
               the
               measure
               that
               set
               Bounds
               to
               the
               Voice
               .
            
             
               However
               he
               was
               a
               violent
               Man
               ,
               and
               almost
               insupportable
               in
               his
               Disputes
               ,
               and
               therefore
               never
               cared
               to
               appear
               at
               great
               Meetings
               and
               Festivals
               .
            
             
               It
               happened
               that
               Mentor
               a
               Bithynian
               fell
               in
               Love
               with
               his
               Concubine
               (
               as
               Phavorinus
               in
               his
               Miscellanies
               reports
               )
               which
               made
               him
               so
               angry
               ,
               that
               he
               could
               not
               refrain
               to
               give
               him
               a
               sharp
               Reprimand
               in
               the
               following
               Verses
               .
               
                 
                   Within
                   these
                   Walls
                   ,
                   I
                   see
                   a
                   Letchero●●
                   Knave
                   ,
                
                 
                   An
                   old
                   decripit
                   ,
                   fornicating
                   Slave
                   ;
                
                 
                   So
                   like
                   to
                   Mentor
                   ,
                   both
                   in
                   Speech
                   and
                   Chins
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   they
                   who
                   saw
                   'em
                   both
                   ,
                   would
                   swear
                   'em
                   Twins
                   .
                
                 
                   Him
                   ,
                   good
                   for
                   nothing
                   but
                   to
                   play
                   the
                   Fool
                   ,
                
                 
                   Do
                   I
                   intend
                   to
                   banish
                   from
                   my
                   School
                   .
                
              
            
             
               To
               which
               Mentor
               rising
               up
               immediately
               ,
               made
               this
               suddain
               Repartee
               .
               
                 
                   This
                   having
                   heard
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   briskly
                   rose
                   ,
                
                 
                   Disdains
                   the
                   Speaker
                   ,
                   and
                   away
                   he
                   goes
                   .
                
              
            
             
             
               He
               seems
               to
               have
               born
               impatiently
               the
               approach
               of
               his
               last
               End
               :
               as
               one
               that
               had
               this
               Expression
               frequently
               in
               his
               Mouth
               :
               
                 
                   Nature
                   that
                   forms
                   ,
                   dissolves
                   the
                   frame
                   as
                   soon
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   thus
                   we
                   dye
                   ,
                   e're
                   Life
                   is
                   well
                   begun
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Now
               hearing
               that
               Antipater
               had
               killed
               himself
               ,
               by
               taking
               a
               draught
               of
               Poyson
               ,
               his
               Example
               encouraged
               him
               to
               do
               the
               like
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               he
               might
               anticipate
               the
               hour
               of
               his
               Death
               ;
               and
               to
               that
               purpose
               turning
               toward
               those
               that
               had
               told
               him
               the
               Story
               :
               Give
               me
               a
               Potion
               too
               ,
               said
               he
               .
               What
               Potion
               ?
               answered
               they
               .
               A
               draught
               of
               Honied
               Wine
               ,
               cry'd
               he
               .
               'T
               is
               reported
               that
               there
               happened
               a
               great
               Eclipse
               of
               the
               Moon
               after
               his
               Death
               ;
               as
               if
               the
               most
               beautiful
               of
               all
               the
               Celestial
               Luminaries
               next
               the
               Sun
               ,
               had
               seemed
               to
               sympathize
               with
               Men
               for
               his
               Loss
               .
            
             
               Apollodorus
               relates
               in
               his
               Chronicles
               ,
               that
               he
               departed
               this
               Life
               in
               the
               fourth
               Year
               of
               the
               Hundred
               seventy
               second
               Olympiad
               .
            
             
               We
               find
               some
               Epistles
               of
               his
               to
               Ariarathes
               ,
               King
               of
               Cappadocia
               .
               Whatever
               else
               was
               attributed
               to
               him
               ,
               was
               written
               by
               some
               of
               his
               Scholars
               ;
               for
               there
               is
               nothing
               of
               his
               own
               Writing
               extant
               .
               Moreover
               we
               made
               him
               the
               following
               Epigram
               
               in
               Logadic
               ,
               and
               Archebulian
               Measure
               .
               
                 
                   Tell
                   me
                   my
                   Muse
                   ,
                   why
                   dost
                   thou
                   teaz
                
                 
                   Me
                   thus
                   to
                   chide
                   Carneades
                   ?
                
                 
                   Such
                   an
                   illiterate
                   Fop
                   as
                   yet
                   ,
                
                 
                   He
                   understood
                   not
                   Nature's
                   Debt
                   :
                
                 
                   Nor
                   could
                   find
                   out
                   the
                   Reason
                   why
                
                 
                   Men
                   Rational
                   should
                   fear
                   to
                   dye
                   .
                
                 
                   An
                   Vlcer
                   in
                   his
                   Lungs
                   begun
                   ,
                
                 
                   Made
                   him
                   a
                   walking
                   Skeleton
                   ,
                
                 
                   Whose
                   putrid
                   Fumes
                   affect
                   the
                   Brain
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   down
                   descend
                   in
                   slimy
                   Rain
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   constant
                   Feaver
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   siow
                   ,
                
                 
                   Retards
                   deaths
                   smart
                   ,
                   and
                   suddain
                   Blow
                   ;
                
                 
                   Yet
                   at
                   these
                   Symptoms
                   he
                   ne're
                   starts
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   damns
                   Physicians
                   and
                   their
                   Arts.
                
                 
                   Mean
                   time
                   Antipater
                   had
                   quaff't
                
                 
                   In
                   great
                   distress
                   a
                   poisoned
                   Draught
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   having
                   heard
                   ,
                   t'
                   himself
                   he
                   laugh'd
                   .
                
                 
                   Then
                   jocund
                   ,
                   to
                   his
                   Friends
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                
                 
                   Give
                   me
                   a
                   Dose
                   too
                   ,
                   such
                   another
                   ,
                
                 
                   With
                   equal
                   swiftness
                   Life
                   to
                   smother
                   .
                
                 
                   Dull
                   Nature
                   ,
                   why
                   so
                   flegmatick
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   I
                   must
                   for
                   Assistance
                   seek
                   ;
                
                 
                   When
                   thou
                   beginnest
                   ,
                   thou
                   should'st
                   be
                   quick
                   .
                
                 
                   Poor
                   silly
                   Nature
                   ,
                   thus
                   in
                   vain
                   ,
                
                 
                   Building
                   and
                   pulling
                   down
                   again
                   .
                
                 
                   While
                   we
                   have
                   so
                   short
                   time
                   to
                   strive
                   ,
                
                 
                   'T
                   is
                   hardly
                   worth
                   our
                   time
                   to
                   live
                   .
                
                 
                   Thus
                   Bantring
                   Nature
                   ,
                   e're
                   he
                   went
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   Staygian
                   Shades
                   himself
                   he
                   bent
                   .
                
              
            
             
             
               It
               is
               reported
               ,
               that
               being
               intent
               upon
               his
               Meditations
               ,
               he
               took
               so
               little
               notice
               of
               a
               dimness
               in
               his
               Sight
               ,
               to
               which
               he
               was
               very
               subject
               ,
               that
               one
               day
               not
               being
               able
               to
               see
               ,
               and
               having
               commanded
               the
               Boy
               to
               bring
               him
               a
               Candle
               ;
               so
               soon
               as
               he
               had
               brought
               it
               ,
               and
               told
               him
               it
               was
               upon
               the
               Table
               ,
               he
               bid
               him
               read
               on
               then
               ,
               as
               if
               it
               had
               been
               Night
               .
            
             
               We
               find
               that
               he
               had
               several
               Disciples
               ,
               among
               whom
               was
               Clitomachus
               ,
               the
               most
               excellent
               of
               all
               the
               rest
               ;
               of
               whom
               we
               shall
               speak
               the
               very
               next
               in
               order
               .
               There
               was
               also
               one
               more
               ,
               Carneades
               an
               Elegiac
               Poet
               ;
               who
               nevertheless
               was
               a
               Person
               little
               valued
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               meanness
               of
               his
               Stile
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               CLITOMACHVS
               .
            
             
               CLITOMACHVS
               ,
               a
               Carthaginan
               ,
               was
               called
               in
               the
               Language
               of
               his
               Country
               ,
               Asdrubal
               ,
               and
               was
               wont
               to
               argue
               Philosophically
               in
               his
               own
               Language
               among
               his
               Countrymen
               .
            
             
             
               He
               travelled
               to
               Athens
               at
               forty
               years
               of
               Age
               ,
               and
               became
               a
               Hearer
               of
               Carneades
               ,
               who
               observing
               his
               Industry
               and
               Sedulity
               ,
               caused
               him
               to
               be
               instructed
               in
               Learning
               ,
               and
               took
               particular
               Care
               of
               him
               .
               Wherein
               he
               attain'd
               to
               such
               a
               degree
               of
               Knowledge
               ,
               that
               he
               wrote
               above
               four
               Hundred
               Volumes
               ,
               and
               succeded
               Carneades
               ,
               upon
               whose
               Sayings
               he
               greatly
               enlarged
               in
               his
               Writings
               .
               He
               principally
               embraced
               the
               Doctrine
               of
               the
               three
               chief
               Sects
               ,
               viz.
               The
               Academics
               ,
               the
               Peripateties
               ,
               and
               the
               Stoics
               .
               But
               Timon
               was
               an
               inveterate
               Enemy
               to
               the
               Academics
               ,
               and
               therefore
               takes
               all
               occasions
               sharply
               to
               inveigh
               against
               'em
               ,
               so
               that
               Clitomachus
               could
               not
               escape
               him
               ;
               as
               for
               Example
               ,
               
                 
                   Nor
                   must
                   I
                   here
                   omit
                   that
                   prating
                   Fool
                   ,
                
                 
                   Chief
                   of
                   the
                   stupid
                   Academic
                   School
                   .
                
              
            
             
               And
               thus
               we
               have
               hitherto
               spoken
               of
               the
               Philosophers
               descended
               from
               Plate
               ;
               let
               us
               now
               come
               to
               the
               Peripatetics
               descended
               from
               Plato
               ,
               of
               whom
               Aristotle
               was
               the
               Chief
               .
            
             
               The
               End
               of
               the
               fourth
               Book
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             
               Diogenes
               Laertius
            
             :
             Containing
             the
             Lives
             ,
             Opinions
             ,
             and
             Apophthegms
             Of
             those
             that
             were
             most
             Famous
             in
             PHILOSOPHY
             .
          
           
             The
             Fifth
             Book
             .
          
           
             Translated
             from
             the
             Greek
             by
             
               R.
               Kippax
            
             ,
             M.
             A.
             
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               ARISTOTLE
               .
            
             
               ARISTOTLE
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Nicomachus
               ,
               and
               Phaestras
               ;
               was
               a
               Native
               of
               the
               City
               of
               Stagyra
               ,
               now
               called
               
                 Liba
                 Nova
              
               .
               As
               for
               Nicomachus
               ,
               he
               derived
               himself
               from
               one
               of
               the
               same
               Name
               ,
               Nicomachus
               the
               Son
               of
               Machaon
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Esculapius
               ,
               
               as
               Hermippus
               reports
               in
               his
               Treatise
               of
               Aristotle
               .
            
             
               He
               spent
               a
               good
               part
               of
               his
               Years
               with
               Amyntas
               King
               of
               Macedon
               ,
               with
               whom
               he
               liv'd
               ,
               partly
               as
               a
               Physician
               ,
               partly
               ,
               upon
               the
               Score
               of
               that
               Friendship
               and
               Kindness
               which
               the
               Prince
               had
               for
               him
               .
               This
               is
               he
               ,
               who
               ,
               among
               all
               the
               vast
               number
               of
               
               Plato's
               Disciples
               ,
               arrived
               to
               the
               most
               eminent
               degree
               of
               Honour
               .
               He
               was
               of
               a
               moderate
               Stature
               ,
               a
               shrill
               squeaking
               Voice
               ,
               slender
               Legs
               ,
               and
               Pink-Ey'd
               ,
               as
               Timotheus
               recounts
               in
               his
               Book
               of
               Lives
               .
               He
               always
               went
               very
               decently
               clad
               ,
               wearing
               Rings
               upon
               his
               Fingers
               ,
               his
               Garments
               of
               fine
               Materials
               ,
               and
               his
               Hair
               trimmed
               .
               He
               had
               a
               Son
               called
               Nicomachus
               by
               Herpilis
               his
               Concubine
               ,
               as
               the
               same
               Timotheus
               relates
               .
               He
               withdrew
               himself
               in
               
               Plato's
               Life-time
               from
               the
               Academy
               .
               Which
               was
               the
               Reason
               that
               Plato
               said
               of
               him
               ,
               Aristotle
               has
               done
               by
               us
               ,
               like
               young
               Colts
               that
               lift
               up
               their
               heels
               and
               kick
               against
               their
               Damms
               .
            
             
               Hermippus
               relates
               ,
               That
               Xenocrates
               was
               head
               of
               the
               Academic
               School
               ,
               when
               Aristotle
               was
               deputed
               by
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               Embassador
               to
               Philip
               ;
               but
               returning
               home
               and
               finding
               that
               the
               School
               was
               still
               in
               other
               hands
               than
               his
               own
               ,
               he
               made
               choice
               of
               a
               Place
               to
               walk
               in
               ,
               in
               the
               Lycaeum
               ,
               
               where
               he
               accustom'd
               himself
               so
               much
               to
               walk
               to
               and
               fro
               ,
               while
               he
               instructed
               his
               Disciples
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               from
               thence
               called
               the
               Peripatetic
               ,
               or
               the
               Walker
               .
               Others
               report
               the
               original
               of
               this
               Name
               to
               have
               proceeded
               from
               hence
               ,
               For
               that
               Aristotle
               attending
               upon
               Alexander
               ,
               who
               had
               been
               a
               long
               time
               Sick
               ,
               and
               upon
               his
               Recovery
               was
               wont
               to
               walk
               up
               and
               down
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               have
               an
               opportunity
               to
               exercise
               himself
               ,
               made
               it
               his
               business
               to
               observe
               the
               motion
               of
               the
               young
               Prince
               ,
               to
               whom
               he
               discoursed
               all
               the
               while
               .
               But
               as
               soon
               as
               the
               number
               of
               his
               Hearers
               encreased
               ,
               then
               he
               sate
               down
               when
               he
               taught
               ,
               saying
               of
               Xenocrates
               .
               
                 
                   'T
                   would
                   be
                   a
                   shame
                   that
                   I
                   should
                   silent
                   walk
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   suffer
                   still
                   Xenocrates
                   to
                   talk
                   .
                
              
            
             
               After
               that
               he
               propounded
               some
               Proposition
               in
               Philosophy
               ,
               upon
               which
               he
               exercised
               their
               Wits
               ,
               not
               forgetting
               at
               the
               same
               time
               to
               instruct
               'em
               in
               the
               Art
               of
               Oratory
               .
            
             
               Not
               long
               after
               he
               took
               a
               Journey
               to
               visit
               the
               Eunuch
               Hermias
               ,
               Tyrant
               of
               the
               Atamensians
               ,
               with
               whom
               ,
               as
               some
               say
               ,
               he
               went
               to
               sport
               himself
               in
               his
               Male
               Amours
               :
               others
               ,
               That
               he
               was
               nearly
               related
               to
               him
               by
               the
               Marriage
               of
               his
               Daughter
               ,
               or
               
               at
               least
               of
               his
               Niece
               ,
               as
               Demetrius
               the
               Magnesian
               reports
               in
               his
               Book
               of
               the
               Poets
               and
               equivocal
               Writers
               .
               The
               same
               Author
               writes
               ▪
               that
               Hermias
               was
               a
               Bithynian
               ,
               who
               killed
               his
               Master
               ,
               and
               then
               ●surped
               his
               Authority
               .
               However
               Aristippus
               relates
               this
               otherwise
               in
               his
               Treatise
               of
               the
               Delights
               of
               the
               Ancients
               ;
               saying
               ,
               That
               Aristotle
               was
               in
               Love
               with
               Pythais
               ,
               Hermias's
               Concubine
               ,
               whom
               ,
               when
               Hermias
               had
               surrender'd
               to
               his
               Embraces
               ,
               he
               married
               to
               her
               ,
               and
               for
               Joy
               ,
               offered
               Sacrifice
               to
               the
               Woman
               ,
               as
               the
               Athenians
               did
               to
               Ceres
               of
               Elensina
               ;
               and
               ,
               That
               he
               wrote
               a
               Paean
               or
               Hymn
               in
               her
               Praise
               ,
               intituled
               the
               Inside
               .
            
             
               From
               thence
               he
               retired
               into
               Macedon
               to
               King
               Philip
               ,
               where
               he
               made
               his
               abode
               after
               he
               had
               received
               his
               Son
               Alexander
               into
               his
               Tuition
               .
               Which
               gave
               him
               an
               opportunity
               to
               request
               'em
               ,
               that
               they
               would
               be
               pleased
               to
               restore
               his
               Native
               Country
               to
               its
               former
               Liberty
               and
               Splendour
               ,
               as
               having
               been
               ruined
               by
               the
               Wars
               of
               Philip
               ,
               the
               Father
               of
               Alexander
               .
               Which
               when
               he
               had
               obtained
               ,
               he
               fram'd
               Laws
               for
               his
               City
               ,
               under
               the
               form
               of
               a
               Common-wealth
               .
               He
               also
               ordain'd
               certain
               Rules
               and
               Constitutions
               for
               the
               Government
               of
               his
               School
               ,
               in
               Imitation
               of
               Xenocrates
               ,
               of
               which
               ,
               one
               among
               the
               
               rest
               was
               to
               elect
               a
               Head-Master
               ,
               once
               every
               ten
               Years
               .
            
             
               At
               length
               finding
               that
               Alexander
               had
               acquired
               no
               small
               Benefit
               by
               his
               Precepts
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               had
               made
               him
               greatly
               beholding
               to
               him
               ,
               he
               resolved
               to
               return
               to
               Athens
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               recommended
               his
               Nephew
               Callisthenes
               the
               Olynthian
               to
               
               Alexander's
               Favour
               .
               Of
               whom
               they
               report
               ,
               that
               upon
               his
               presuming
               to
               speak
               more
               peremptorily
               to
               the
               Prince
               than
               became
               him
               ,
               and
               little
               regarding
               his
               Obedience
               to
               his
               Commands
               ,
               he
               was
               reproved
               by
               him
               in
               the
               words
               of
               a
               little
               Distick
               ,
               admonishing
               him
               to
               take
               Care
               how
               he
               behaved
               himself
               ;
               for
               that
               if
               he
               did
               not
               change
               his
               manners
               ,
               it
               might
               chance
               to
               cost
               him
               his
               Life
               .
               The
               Distick
               was
               this
               :
               
                 
                   The
                   words
                   thou
                   speak'st
                   ,
                   no
                   Mortal
                   can
                   endure
                   ;
                
                 
                   I
                   fear
                   thy
                   Life
                   's
                   not
                   in
                   this
                   World
                   secure
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Which
               happened
               to
               be
               a
               true
               Prophecy
               ;
               for
               being
               discovered
               to
               have
               been
               in
               the
               Conspiracy
               of
               Hermolaus
               ,
               against
               
               Alexander's
               Life
               ,
               he
               was
               carried
               about
               in
               an
               Iron
               Cage
               ,
               wherein
               being
               at
               length
               over-run
               with
               Nastiness
               and
               Lice
               .
               
               he
               was
               thrown
               to
               a
               hungry
               Lyon
               ,
               and
               so
               ended
               his
               miserable
               days
               .
            
             
               Now
               after
               Aristotle
               was
               come
               to
               Athens
               and
               had
               taught
               in
               that
               City
               thirteen
               Years
               ,
               he
               went
               ,
               without
               disclosing
               his
               intentions
               ,
               to
               Chalcis
               ,
               for
               that
               he
               was
               accus'd
               of
               Impiety
               by
               Eurymedon
               ,
               the
               Inquisitor
               ,
               or
               rather
               Over-seer
               of
               the
               sacred
               Mysteries
               ;
               tho'
               Phavorinus
               in
               his
               
                 Historical
                 Oglio
              
               ,
               reports
               him
               to
               have
               been
               summoned
               by
               Demophilus
               ,
               because
               he
               had
               made
               a
               Hymn
               in
               Praise
               of
               Hermias
               ,
               and
               caused
               this
               following
               Epigram
               to
               be
               engraved
               upon
               one
               of
               the
               Statues
               in
               the
               Temple
               of
               Delphos
               .
               
                 
                   This
                   Man
                   the
                   Impious
                   Persian
                   Tyrant
                   slew
                   ,
                
                 
                   Impious
                   indeed
                   ,
                   since
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   untrue
                   ,
                
                 
                   Not
                   with
                   his
                   Launce
                   in
                   lawful
                   Combat
                   slain
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   by
                   the
                   treacherous
                   Hand
                   of
                   Friendship
                   fain'd
                   .
                
              
            
             
               So
               that
               being
               almost
               out
               of
               hopes
               to
               save
               himself
               ,
               as
               Eumolus
               says
               in
               his
               
                 fifth
                 Book
                 of
                 Histories
              
               ,
               he
               poysoned
               himself
               at
               Chalcis
               ,
               and
               dyed
               in
               the
               seventieth
               Year
               of
               his
               Age.
               The
               same
               Author
               avers
               ,
               That
               he
               was
               not
               
               Plato's
               Hearer
               till
               he
               was
               thirty
               Years
               of
               Age
               ,
               whereas
               it
               is
               certain
               that
               he
               was
               his
               Disciple
               at
               seventeen
               .
               Now
               the
               Hymn
               for
               which
               he
               was
               questioned
               was
               this
               .
               
                 
                 
                   Tho'
                   difficult
                   are
                   Virtues
                   ways
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   few
                   find
                   Clews
                   to
                   trace
                   the
                   Maze
                   ;
                
                 
                   Yet
                   once
                   o'ercome
                   this
                   tedious
                   strife
                
                 
                   A
                   Relish
                   gives
                   to
                   human
                   Life
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   made
                   the
                   Grecians
                   for
                   thy
                   sake
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   greatest
                   hardships
                   undertake
                   .
                
                 
                   Their
                   Courage
                   led
                   them
                   to
                   outface
                
                 
                   A
                   thousand
                   Deaths
                   ,
                   for
                   thine
                   Embrace
                   .
                
                 
                   Not
                   glittering
                   Gold
                   that
                   stands
                   the
                   Test
                   ,
                
                 
                   Or
                   Love
                   of
                   Parents
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   Rest
                   ,
                
                 
                   Can
                   equal
                   that
                   Immortal
                   Fruit
                   ,
                
                 
                   By
                   thee
                   produc'd
                   from
                   Heavenly
                   Root
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   thee
                   that
                   mighty
                   Son
                   of
                   Jove
                
                 
                   In
                   Blooming
                   Youth
                   express'd
                   his
                   Love
                   :
                
                 
                   Made
                   Monsters
                   feel
                   his
                   Conquering
                   Hand
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   wearied
                   Juno
                   to
                   Command
                   .
                
                 
                   Nor
                   did
                   fair
                   Leda's
                   Twins
                   give
                   place
                   ,
                
                 
                   Whose
                   valiant
                   acts
                   confirmed
                   their
                   Race
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Achilles
                     ,
                     Ajax
                  
                   forc'd
                   their
                   Fates
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   storm'd
                   Hell's
                   Adamantine
                   Gates
                   .
                
                 
                   Atarnians
                   for
                   thy
                   Radiant
                   Light
                   ,
                
                 
                   Brave
                   Hermias
                   depriv'd
                   of
                   Sight
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   set
                   his
                   Contemplation
                   free
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   raise
                   his
                   Soul
                   to
                   Ecstasie
                   .
                
                 
                   Things
                   Poets
                   fain'd
                   ,
                   or
                   Fools
                   believ'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   Were
                   not
                   so
                   great
                   as
                   he
                   atchiev'd
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   could
                   my
                   Muse
                   describe
                   his
                   Mind
                   ,
                
                 
                   My
                   verse
                   with
                   Jove
                   might
                   favour
                   find
                   :
                
                 
                   For
                   constant
                   Friendship
                   ,
                   he
                   alone
                
                 
                   A
                   model
                   to
                   the
                   World
                   was
                   known
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   With
                   Love
                   like
                   his
                   I
                   'll
                   sing
                   his
                   Praise
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   Altars
                   to
                   his
                   Friendship
                   raise
                   ,
                
                 
                   Time
                   Marble
                   Monuments
                   may
                   wast
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   Verse
                   and
                   Friendship
                   ever
                   last
                   .
                
              
            
             
               This
               was
               
               Aristotle's
               Hymn
               in
               Praise
               of
               Hermias
               ;
               for
               which
               his
               Accusation
               ,
               Flight
               ,
               and
               Poysoning
               himself
               ,
               produced
               the
               following
               Epigram
               of
               our
               own
               .
               
                 
                   Eurymedon
                   the
                   Priest
                   ,
                   deeming
                   his
                   Grief
                   ,
                   assail'd
                
                 
                   By
                   Traytor
                   Aristotle
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   reason
                   ,
                
                 
                   Against
                   the
                   Gods
                   accus'd
                   him
                   of
                   High
                   ▪
                   Treason
                   ;
                
                 
                   Th'
                   Offender
                   knew
                   the
                   Crime
                   could
                   not
                   be
                   Bail'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   therefore
                   saves
                   himself
                   by
                   speedy
                   Flight
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   what
                   Intent
                   ?
                   For
                   he
                   could
                   but
                   have
                   dy'd
                   .
                
                 
                   Not
                   so
                   ;
                   for
                   Hangmen
                   he
                   could
                   not
                   abide
                   ;
                
                 
                   So
                   Drowned
                   Life
                   in
                   deadly
                   Aconite
                   .
                
                 
                   So
                   strange
                   a
                   way
                   he
                   found
                   ,
                   and
                   thought
                   it
                   best
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   vanquish
                   so
                   th'
                   unjust
                   officious
                   Priest
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Nevertheless
               Phavorinus
               in
               his
               
                 Historical
                 Oglio
              
               replied
               ,
               That
               finding
               himself
               accused
               of
               Impiety
               ,
               he
               wrote
               a
               Rhetorical
               Defence
               for
               himself
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               utter'd
               this
               Distick
               in
               Athens
               .
               
                 
                 
                   From
                   Pear-trees
                   Pears
                   ,
                   and
                   Figs
                   from
                   Fig-trees
                   shoot
                   ,
                
                 
                   Athens
                   the
                   Tree
                   ,
                   th'
                   Athenians
                   are
                   the
                   Fruit.
                   
                
              
            
             
               Apollodorus
               relates
               in
               his
               Chronicle
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               born
               in
               the
               first
               year
               of
               the
               Ninty
               ninth
               Olympiad
               ;
               that
               he
               came
               to
               Plato
               in
               the
               Seventeenth
               year
               of
               his
               Age
               ,
               and
               lived
               with
               him
               twenty
               Years
               ,
               without
               ever
               budging
               out
               of
               the
               School
               .
               Then
               he
               travelled
               to
               Mytelene
               ,
               at
               what
               time
               Eubulus
               was
               Archon
               ,
               or
               chief
               Magistrate
               of
               Athens
               :
               which
               was
               in
               the
               fourth
               Year
               of
               the
               Hundred
               and
               eighth
               Olympiad
               .
               But
               Plato
               dying
               in
               the
               first
               Year
               of
               the
               same
               Olympiad
               ,
               under
               the
               Government
               of
               Theophilus
               ,
               he
               went
               to
               Hermias
               ,
               with
               whom
               he
               remained
               three
               Years
               ;
               when
               Pythagoras
               was
               Archon
               ,
               he
               went
               to
               Philip
               ,
               at
               what
               time
               Alexander
               was
               not
               above
               fifteen
               Years
               of
               Age
               ,
               in
               the
               second
               Year
               of
               the
               Hundred
               and
               ninth
               Olympiad
               .
               After
               which
               he
               returned
               to
               Athens
               in
               the
               second
               year
               of
               the
               hundred
               and
               Eleventh
               Olympiad
               :
               where
               ,
               for
               thirteen
               years
               together
               ,
               he
               taught
               in
               the
               Lycaeum
               .
               Lastly
               he
               withdrew
               himself
               from
               thence
               into
               Chalcis
               ,
               in
               the
               third
               year
               of
               the
               hundred
               and
               fourteenth
               Olympiad
               ;
               where
               he
               fell
               sick
               ,
               and
               dyed
               at
               the
               Age
               of
               
               sixty
               three
               Years
               ,
               or
               very
               near
               it
               :
               at
               the
               same
               time
               that
               Demosthenes
               died
               in
               Calabria
               ,
               and
               that
               Philocles
               was
               Governour
               in
               Athens
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               that
               he
               fell
               under
               
               Alexander's
               displeasure
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               Conspiracy
               of
               Callisthenes
               against
               him
               ,
               and
               that
               to
               vex
               him
               he
               preferred
               Anaximenos
               ,
               and
               sent
               Presents
               to
               Xenocrates
               .
               Not
               was
               it
               possible
               for
               him
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               it
               was
               for
               other
               Men
               ,
               to
               avoid
               the
               Quipps
               and
               Girds
               of
               envious
               Men
               ,
               and
               among
               the
               rest
               ,
               of
               Theocritus
               the
               Shiot
               ,
               who
               speaks
               of
               him
               after
               the
               following
               manner
               .
               
                 
                   To
                   Hermias
                   a
                   noble
                   Tomb
                   he
                   rais'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   with
                   another
                   dead
                   Eubulus
                   grac'd
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   what
                   was
                   in
                   '
                   em
                   ?
                   Why
                   ,
                   to
                   tell
                   ye
                   Troth
                   ,
                
                 
                   As
                   empty
                   as
                   his
                   empty
                   Noddle
                   both
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Nor
               is
               Timon
               less
               severe
               in
               the
               following
               Lines
               .
               
                 
                   Nor
                   can
                   I
                   pass
                   the
                   prating
                   Stagyrite
                   ,
                
                 
                   Whose
                   Tongue
                   so
                   often
                   runs
                   before
                   his
                   Wit.
                   
                
              
            
             
               Thus
               much
               concerning
               the
               Life
               of
               this
               Philosopher
               ,
               only
               we
               shall
               here
               insert
               his
               Will
               ,
               which
               we
               met
               with
               much
               after
               the
               ensuing
               form
               .
            
             
             
               My
               Will
               shall
               be
               well
               and
               duly
               performed
               ,
               if
               ,
               when
               I
               come
               to
               die
               ,
               it
               shall
               be
               so
               Executed
               ,
               as
               I
               Aristotle
               ordain
               by
               this
               my
               last
               Testament
               .
               First
               I
               appoint
               and
               make
               Antipater
               my
               Executor
               ,
               and
               Over-seer
               of
               all
               my
               Legacies
               ,
               and
               hereby
               order
               ,
               That
               
                 Aristomanes
                 ,
                 Timarchus
                 ,
                 Hipparchus
              
               ,
               and
               Diocles
               be
               joined
               ,
               together
               with
               Theophrastus
               ,
               if
               he
               please
               to
               take
               upon
               him
               the
               Tutelage
               of
               my
               Children
               ,
               and
               of
               Herpilis
               ,
               and
               of
               my
               Estate
               ,
               till
               my
               adopted
               Son
               Nicanor
               become
               of
               Age
               to
               ease
               him
               of
               the
               Trouble
               .
               I
               also
               order
               ,
               That
               so
               soon
               as
               my
               Daughter
               Pythais
               be
               of
               Years
               to
               Marry
               ,
               that
               she
               be
               married
               to
               Nicanor
               .
               But
               if
               my
               said
               Daughter
               happen
               to
               die
               ,
               which
               God
               forbid
               ,
               either
               before
               her
               said
               Marriage
               ,
               or
               before
               she
               have
               any
               Children
               ,
               my
               Will
               is
               ,
               That
               Nicanor
               shall
               inherit
               her
               Dowry
               ;
               and
               ,
               That
               he
               take
               Care
               of
               Nicomachus
               my
               natural
               Son
               ,
               and
               of
               all
               that
               belongs
               to
               me
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               it
               may
               be
               disposed
               of
               as
               becomes
               both
               his
               and
               my
               Quality
               :
               giving
               him
               in
               Charge
               withal
               ,
               so
               to
               provide
               for
               my
               Son
               and
               Daughter
               that
               they
               may
               want
               nothing
               ,
               he
               doing
               the
               duty
               both
               of
               a
               Father
               and
               a
               Brother
               .
               Or
               if
               it
               happen
               that
               he
               die
               ,
               which
               God
               defend
               ,
               before
               he
               marry
               my
               Daughter
               ,
               or
               if
               without
               Issue
               by
               her
               ,
               my
               Will
               is
               ,
               That
               all
               disposals
               
               by
               him
               made
               ,
               shall
               stand
               good
               in
               Law.
               But
               if
               he
               will
               not
               accept
               the
               offer
               which
               I
               have
               made
               him
               ,
               I
               desire
               Theophrastus
               to
               take
               charge
               of
               my
               Daughter
               ;
               which
               if
               he
               refuses
               to
               do
               ,
               I
               desire
               Antipater
               ,
               with
               the
               rest
               of
               my
               Executors
               to
               take
               charge
               of
               my
               Son
               and
               Daughter
               .
               My
               Will
               is
               also
               ,
               That
               Nicanor
               ,
               and
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Guardians
               and
               Executors
               be
               mindful
               of
               me
               and
               my
               affairs
               ,
               especially
               of
               Herpilis
               ,
               who
               has
               been
               careful
               of
               me
               ,
               and
               to
               take
               such
               Care
               of
               her
               ,
               that
               if
               she
               has
               a
               desire
               to
               Marry
               ,
               she
               may
               not
               be
               matched
               beneath
               her
               Quality
               .
               I
               desire
               that
               they
               would
               give
               her
               ,
               besides
               what
               she
               has
               already
               receiv'd
               ,
               a
               talent
               of
               Silver
               ,
               and
               Servant
               Maids
               besides
               her
               own
               ,
               if
               she
               desires
               them
               ,
               together
               with
               a
               Lacquey
               ,
               by
               name
               Pyrrheus
               .
               As
               for
               her
               Dwelling
               ,
               she
               has
               Liberty
               to
               make
               her
               Choice
               ,
               either
               to
               live
               at
               Chalcis
               in
               our
               House
               next
               the
               Garden
               ,
               or
               else
               at
               Stagyra
               in
               our
               Paternal
               Mansion
               ;
               to
               the
               end
               that
               Herpilis
               may
               have
               no
               reason
               to
               complain
               ;
               the
               whole
               being
               sufficient
               to
               maintain
               her
               decently
               and
               handsomly
               .
               Let
               Nicanor
               send
               Myrmex
               home
               to
               his
               Parents
               ,
               with
               the
               Legacy
               that
               I
               have
               given
               him
               .
               My
               Will
               is
               ,
               That
               Ambracis
               be
               enfranchised
               ,
               and
               that
               fifty
               Drachma's
               be
               given
               her
               ,
               together
               with
               a
               Servant
               Maid
               ,
               
               so
               soon
               as
               she
               shall
               marry
               .
               I
               Will
               and
               Bequeath
               also
               to
               Thales
               ,
               a
               thousand
               Drachma's
               and
               a
               Servant
               Maid
               ,
               besides
               the
               Maid
               we
               have
               already
               bought
               her
               ,
               and
               Simos
               for
               her
               Lacquey
               without
               Money
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               to
               be
               bought
               ,
               or
               the
               value
               of
               another
               in
               Money
               .
               Let
               Tychon
               also
               be
               Enfranchised
               ,
               when
               the
               Boy
               shall
               Marry
               ,
               and
               Philo
               likewise
               ,
               together
               with
               Olympia
               and
               her
               little
               Son.
               My
               Will
               is
               also
               ,
               That
               nine
               of
               my
               Boys
               be
               sold
               ,
               but
               that
               they
               remain
               to
               my
               Heirs
               ,
               till
               they
               come
               of
               Age
               to
               redeem
               themselves
               by
               their
               good
               Service
               .
               Let
               Care
               be
               taken
               also
               to
               finish
               the
               Statues
               ,
               which
               are
               sent
               to
               Grylleo
               to
               cut
               ,
               that
               being
               finished
               ,
               they
               may
               be
               set
               up
               every
               one
               in
               their
               Places
               .
               Let
               the
               same
               Care
               be
               taken
               of
               the
               Statues
               of
               Nicanor
               and
               Proxenus
               his
               Father
               ,
               and
               of
               his
               Mother
               ,
               which
               I
               intend
               the
               same
               Person
               shall
               cut
               .
               As
               for
               that
               of
               Arimnestus
               ,
               which
               is
               finished
               ,
               let
               it
               be
               set
               up
               in
               its
               proper
               place
               in
               memory
               of
               him
               ,
               because
               he
               died
               without
               Children
               .
               Let
               my
               Mothers
               Statue
               be
               set
               up
               in
               the
               Temple
               of
               Ceres
               ,
               at
               Nemea
               ,
               or
               where
               they
               shall
               think
               more
               convenient
               ;
               and
               let
               the
               Bones
               of
               my
               Mother
               Pythais
               be
               gathered
               together
               and
               laid
               in
               my
               Sepulcher
               ,
               as
               she
               ordered
               before
               her
               Decease
               .
               Also
               I
               desire
               that
               my
               Vow
               may
               be
               performed
               ,
               
               which
               I
               vow'd
               for
               the
               welfare
               of
               Nicanor
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               Four
               Beasts
               in
               Stone
               ,
               four
               Cubits
               in
               length
               ,
               to
               
                 Jupiter
                 Servator
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Minerva
                 Servatrix
              
               ,
               at
               Stagyra
               .
               This
               was
               the
               purport
               of
               his
               last
               Will
               and
               Testament
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               that
               after
               his
               decease
               ,
               several
               earthen
               Pitchers
               were
               found
               in
               his
               House
               ,
               and
               that
               Lyco
               should
               affirm
               that
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               bathe
               himself
               in
               a
               large
               Vessel
               of
               Luke-warm
               Oyl
               ;
               which
               afterwards
               he
               sold
               .
               Others
               say
               ,
               that
               he
               laid
               a
               Bladder
               of
               warm
               Oyl
               ▪
               upon
               his
               Stomach
               ,
               and
               that
               when
               he
               composed
               himself
               to
               Rest
               ,
               he
               lay
               with
               his
               Hand
               out
               of
               Bed
               ,
               holding
               a
               Bullet
               of
               Brass
               over
               a
               Bason
               of
               the
               same
               Metal
               ,
               that
               the
               noise
               of
               the
               Bullet
               falling
               into
               the
               Bason
               ,
               might
               awake
               him
               out
               of
               his
               Sleep
               .
            
             
               The
               most
               remarkable
               of
               his
               Sayings
               were
               these
               .
               Being
               asked
               ,
               what
               Lyers
               got
               by
               their
               Babbling
               ;
               Never
               to
               be
               believ'd
               ▪
               said
               he
               ,
               when
               they
               speak
               Truth
               .
               In
               like
               manner
               ,
               when
               he
               was
               reproved
               for
               taking
               Pity
               upon
               a
               vicious
               Person
               ,
               and
               giving
               him
               Alms
               ;
               I
               did
               not
               pity
               his
               evil
               manners
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               but
               I
               pitied
               him
               as
               a
               Man.
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               where-ever
               he
               was
               ,
               either
               among
               his
               Friends
               ,
               or
               among
               his
               Scholars
               ,
               That
               the
               Eye
               received
               the
               Light
               by
               means
               of
               the
               Medium
               Air
               that
               environed
               it
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Soul
               received
               Wisdom
               
               by
               means
               of
               the
               Liberal
               Arts.
               Being
               often
               offended
               against
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               That
               the
               Athenians
               were
               the
               inventers
               of
               Laws
               and
               Wheat
               ;
               and
               that
               they
               made
               good
               use
               of
               their
               Wheat
               ,
               but
               not
               of
               their
               Laws
               .
               Farther
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               That
               the
               root
               of
               Learning
               was
               bitter
               ,
               but
               the
               fruit
               was
               sweet
               .
               Being
               asked
               what
               soonest
               grew
               old
               ;
               The
               kindness
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               which
               is
               done
               to
               others
               .
               Being
               asked
               what
               hope
               was
               ▪
               The
               dream
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               of
               one
               that
               awakes
               .
               When
               Diogenes
               presented
               him
               a
               Fig
               ,
               as
               the
               Reward
               if
               he
               unfolded
               some
               hard
               question
               ▪
               believing
               he
               would
               not
               receive
               it
               without
               uttering
               some
               notable
               Sentence
               ;
               Aristotle
               taking
               the
               Fig
               ,
               told
               Diogenes
               he
               had
               lost
               his
               Fig
               ,
               and
               his
               Expectation
               .
               Another
               time
               ,
               when
               Diogenes
               presented
               him
               another
               Fig
               upon
               the
               same
               Condition
               ,
               he
               took
               the
               Fig
               ,
               hugged
               it
               in
               his
               Arms
               ,
               as
               they
               do
               little
               Children
               ,
               and
               then
               crying
               out
               ,
               
                 O
                 brave
                 Diogenes
              
               ,
               gave
               it
               him
               again
               .
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               That
               three
               things
               were
               necessary
               for
               Children
               ,
               Wit
               ,
               Exercise
               and
               Learning
               .
               Being
               told
               that
               an
               idel
               Person
               was
               always
               abusing
               him
               ;
               let
               him
               beat
               me
               too
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               when
               I
               'm
               out
               of
               the
               way
               .
               He
               held
               ,
               That
               Beauty
               had
               more
               Power
               to
               recommend
               any
               Person
               ,
               than
               
               all
               the
               Epistles
               in
               the
               World.
               Others
               attribute
               this
               Sentence
               to
               Diogenes
               :
               But
               that
               he
               preferr'd
               the
               gift
               of
               Form
               ;
               Socrates
               ,
               a
               Tyranny
               of
               short
               Continuance
               ;
               Plato
               ,
               the
               privilege
               of
               Nature
               ;
               Theophrastus
               ,
               a
               conceal'd
               piece
               of
               Knavery
               ▪
               Theo●ritus
               ,
               a
               well
               contrived
               piece
               of
               Mischief
               ;
               Carneades
               ,
               a
               solitary
               Kingdom
               .
            
             
               Being
               asked
               what
               was
               the
               difference
               between
               learned
               and
               ignorant
               Men
               ;
               The
               same
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               as
               between
               living
               Beasts
               and
               dead
               Beasts
               .
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               .
               That
               Learning
               was
               an
               Ornament
               to
               Prosperity
               ,
               and
               a
               Refuge
               in
               Adversity
               .
               That
               Parents
               who
               bred
               up
               their
               Children
               in
               Learning
               ,
               deserv'd
               more
               honour
               than
               those
               who
               had
               only
               begot
               '
               em
               .
               For
               the
               one
               gives
               them
               only
               a
               Being
               ,
               the
               other
               not
               only
               a
               Being
               ,
               but
               a
               means
               to
               live
               well
               .
            
             
               To
               one
               that
               vaunted
               himself
               to
               be
               a
               Citizen
               of
               a
               great
               City
               :
               Let
               that
               alone
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               and
               rather
               boast
               of
               something
               that
               renders
               thee
               worthy
               of
               a
               noble
               and
               illustrious
               Country
               .
            
             
               To
               one
               that
               asked
               him
               what
               a
               Friend
               was
               ;
               One
               Soul
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               abiding
               in
               two
               Bodies
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               there
               were
               some
               Men
               so
               Covetous
               as
               if
               they
               were
               to
               live
               always
               ▪
               and
               others
               so
               Prodigal
               ,
               as
               if
               they
               were
               to
               die
               the
               next
               Hour
               .
            
             
             
               To
               one
               that
               asked
               him
               why
               he
               tarried
               l●●●●r
               in
               the
               Company
               of
               fair
               Women
               than
               others
               .
               That
               's
               a
               question
               said
               he
               for
               ●●lindman
               .
            
             
               Being
               asked
               what
               Benefit
               he
               got
               by
               the
               study
               of
               Philosophy
               ,
               he
               readily
               made
               answer
               .
               The
               same
               that
               others
               get
               by
               the
               fear
               of
               the
               Law.
               
            
             
               Being
               asked
               which
               was
               the
               best
               way
               for
               the
               studious
               to
               acquire
               Learning
               ;
               Let
               the
               riper
               witted
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               still
               go
               on
               ,
               and
               the
               less
               apprehensive
               never
               stand
               at
               a
               stay
               .
            
             
               To
               a
               prating
               Fellow
               ,
               that
               pursu'd
               him
               with
               railing
               and
               abusive
               Language
               ,
               and
               at
               length
               asked
               him
               ▪
               Whether
               he
               would
               have
               any
               more
               .
               By
               Jove
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               I
               never
               ●●●ded
               what
               thou
               said'st
               before
               .
            
             
               Being
               asked
               how
               we
               should
               behave
               our selves
               to
               our
               Friends
               ;
               As
               we
               would
               said
               he
               ,
               that
               our
               Friends
               should
               behave
               themselves
               towards
               us
               .
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               that
               Justice
               was
               a
               vertue
               of
               the
               Soul
               ,
               that
               rendered
               to
               every
               one
               according
               to
               his
               Merit
               .
               Moreover
               that
               Learning
               was
               a
               good
               Pastport
               to
               bring
               a
               Man
               to
               old
               Age.
               Phavorinus
               also
               in
               his
               second
               Book
               of
               Commentaries
               ,
               recites
               a
               Saying
               of
               his
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               always
               in
               his
               Mouth
               .
               Oh
               Friends
               ,
               there
               is
               no
               Friend
               .
               And
               thus
               much
               for
               his
               Sentences
               and
               Repartees
               .
            
             
             
               He
               wrote
               a
               vast
               number
               of
               Books
               ,
               of
               which
               I
               think
               it
               requisite
               to
               set
               down
               a
               Catalogue
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               the
               vigour
               of
               his
               Judgment
               ,
               and
               his
               indefatigable
               Industry
               in
               all
               manner
               of
               Learning
               ,
               may
               appear
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               first
               place
               ,
               three
               Books
               of
               the
               Philosophy
               of
               Anchytas
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Philosophy
               of
               Spensippus
               ,
               and
               Antipas
               ;
               one
               of
               that
               which
               is
               drawn
               from
               the
               Doctrine
               of
               Archytas
               and
               Timaus
               ;
               one
               against
               the
               decrees
               of
               Melissus
               ;
               one
               against
               the
               Constitutions
               of
               Alcmaeon
               ;
               one
               against
               the
               Pythagoreans
               ;
               one
               against
               Gorgias
               ;
               one
               against
               Zenocrates
               ;
               one
               against
               the
               Opinions
               of
               Zeno
               ;
               one
               against
               the
               Constitutions
               of
               the
               Pythagoreans
               ;
               one
               entituled
               Pythicus
               ;
               one
               Merinthus
               ,
               and
               another
               Menexenus
               .
            
             
               Then
               three
               Books
               of
               Philosophy
               :
               one
               of
               Science
               ;
               two
               more
               of
               the
               Sciences
               ;
               one
               of
               Doctrine
               ;
               two
               of
               the
               Introduction
               to
               Arts
               ;
               one
               of
               Art
               ;
               then
               two
               more
               of
               Art
               ,
               and
               two
               more
               of
               the
               liberal
               Arts
               ;
               one
               Entituled
               Methodic
               .
            
             
               Phisics
               .
               One
               of
               Unity
               ;
               one
               of
               a
               Prince
               :
               one
               of
               the
               Idea
               ;
               one
               of
               Physic
               ;
               three
               of
               Nature
               ;
               one
               of
               Motion
               ;
               three
               of
               the
               Elements
               ;
               Thirty
               eight
               of
               things
               Natural
               ▪
               according
               to
               the
               Elements
               .
               Of
               
               Plato's
               Laws
               three
               ;
               his
               
               Banquet
               one
               ;
               of
               Good
               three
               ;
               Alexander
               ,
               or
               of
               Colonies
               one
               ;
               two
               of
               Plato's
               Commonwealth
               ;
               Oeconomy
               one
               ;
               one
               of
               Friendship
               ;
               of
               Stones
               one
               ;
               of
               the
               Soul
               one
               ▪
               questions
               concerning
               the
               Soul
               one
               ;
               two
               of
               Plants
               ;
               one
               of
               Animal
               Compounded
               ;
               one
               of
               Animals
               Fabulous
               ;
               nine
               of
               Animals
               ;
               eight
               of
               their
               Dissection
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Election
               of
               things
               Anatomic
               ;
               one
               of
               things
               that
               belong
               to
               the
               Memory
               ;
               one
               of
               Physiognomy
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Signs
               of
               Tempests
               ;
               one
               of
               Physic
               ;
               two
               concerning
               Problems
               to
               things
               that
               belong
               to
               the
               Sight
               ;
               six
               of
               Problems
               drawn
               from
               Democritus
               .
            
             
               Mathematics
               .
               One
               of
               Mathematics
               ;
               one
               of
               Magnitude
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               speculation
               of
               Astronomical
               things
               ;
               one
               of
               Music
               ,
               and
               one
               more
               of
               Pythionic
               Music
               .
            
             
               Poetry
               .
               One
               of
               Poesy
               ;
               two
               of
               the
               Art
               of
               Poetry
               ;
               three
               of
               Poets
               ;
               of
               Words
               one
               ;
               of
               Similitudes
               one
               ;
               one
               of
               Tragedies
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Victory
               of
               Dionysius
               ;
               six
               of
               Homeric
               ambiguities
               .
               Some
               Verses
               to
               Democritus
               that
               begin
               ,
               
                 O
                 venerable
                 Angel
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
              
               His
               Elogies
               that
               begin
               ,
               
                 Daughter
                 of
                 fairest
                 Mother
              
               .
               In
               a
               word
               all
               his
               Poems
               containing
               forty
               five
               Thousand
               ,
               three
               Hundred
               and
               thirty
               Verses
               .
            
             
             
               Rhetoric
               .
               A
               Book
               of
               Rhetoric
               ,
               entituled
               Gryllus
               .
               One
               of
               Art
               for
               the
               Introduction
               of
               Theodectes
               ;
               one
               of
               a
               Sophister
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               division
               of
               Enthymemes
               ;
               one
               of
               Proverbs
               ;
               one
               of
               Exhortations
               ;
               Rhetorical
               Enthymemes
               .
            
             
               Logic.
               One
               of
               Species
               and
               Genus
               ;
               one
               of
               Proper
               ;
               one
               of
               Contraries
               ;
               one
               of
               Predicaments
               ;
               one
               of
               a
               Proposition
               ▪
               two
               of
               Syllogisms
               ;
               one
               more
               of
               Syllogisms
               and
               Definitions
               ;
               two
               of
               Collections
               ;
               two
               of
               Epicheremes
               ;
               Twenty
               five
               Epicheremic
               Questions
               ;
               three
               Books
               of
               Comments
               upon
               Epicheremes
               ;
               nine
               of
               the
               first
               Analytics
               ;
               two
               of
               the
               latter
               large
               Analytics
               ;
               one
               of
               divisible
               things
               ;
               Seventeen
               of
               Divisions
               ;
               two
               of
               Topics
               for
               Definitions
               ;
               one
               of
               things
               that
               are
               before
               the
               Places
               ;
               seven
               of
               the
               terms
               of
               Topic
               ;
               two
               of
               Questions
               to
               be
               demanded
               ;
               one
               of
               Solutions
               of
               the
               same
               Questions
               ;
               one
               of
               things
               that
               are
               spoken
               several
               ways
               ,
               or
               according
               to
               the
               same
               Proposition
               ;
               two
               of
               Question
               and
               Answer
               ;
               one
               of
               Questions
               appertaining
               to
               Learning
               ;
               four
               of
               Sophistioal
               Divisions
               ;
               four
               of
               contentious
               Divisions
               ;
               one
               of
               Pythionic
               Arguments
               .
            
             
               Ethics
               .
               One
               of
               honest
               ;
               one
               of
               good
               ;
               one
               of
               better
               ;
               one
               of
               what
               is
               to
               be
               chosen
               ,
               and
               of
               its
               Accidents
               ;
               one
               of
               voluntary
               ;
               
               one
               of
               the
               Passions
               ;
               one
               of
               Pleasure
               ;
               four
               of
               moral
               Vertues
               ;
               three
               concerning
               oppositions
               of
               Vertue
               ;
               one
               of
               Love
               ;
               one
               of
               Friendship
               ;
               two
               containing
               questions
               of
               Friendship
               ;
               four
               of
               Justice
               ;
               two
               of
               just
               things
               ;
               two
               of
               just
               Actions
               ;
               one
               of
               Anger
               ;
               one
               of
               Patience
               .
            
             
               O●conomics
               .
               One
               of
               Oeconomy
               ;
               one
               of
               Prayer
               ;
               one
               called
               the
               Banquet
               ;
               one
               of
               Riches
               ;
               one
               of
               Nobility
               .
            
             
               Politics
               .
               One
               of
               Calumnies
               to
               Alexander
               ;
               one
               of
               a
               Kingdom
               ;
               two
               of
               a
               Commonwealth
               ;
               eight
               of
               Political
               Hearing
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               Theophrastus
               ;
               of
               a
               Hundred
               and
               eight
               sorts
               of
               Common-wealths
               ;
               of
               Democracy
               ,
               Oligarchy
               ,
               Aristocracy
               ,
               and
               Tyranny
               ;
               two
               concerning
               
               Plato's
               Commonwealth
               ;
               four
               of
               Laws
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Laws
               of
               Recommendation
               ;
               one
               of
               Right
               ;
               one
               of
               Counsel
               ;
               one
               of
               Olimpionics
               ;
               one
               of
               Mechanic
               Arts.
               
            
             
               
                 His
                 Epistles
              
               are
               very
               numerous
               ;
               some
               of
               which
               are
               written
               to
               Philip
               ;
               four
               to
               Alexander
               ;
               nine
               to
               Antipater
               ;
               one
               to
               Mentor
               ;
               one
               to
               Ariston
               ;
               one
               to
               Olympias
               :
               one
               to
               Ep●estion
               ;
               and
               one
               to
               Themistagoras
               ;
               lastly
               one
               to
               Philoxenus
               .
            
             
               In
               short
               ,
               we
               also
               find
               twelve
               Books
               of
               things
               without
               order
               ,
               and
               fourteen
               of
               those
               things
               that
               have
               been
               briefly
               summed
               up
               .
               And
               this
               is
               the
               number
               of
               his
               
               Writings
               ,
               amounting
               in
               all
               to
               Forty
               five
               Thousand
               ,
               three
               Hundred
               and
               thirty
               Verses
               ;
               of
               which
               we
               are
               now
               briefly
               to
               sum
               up
               the
               Matter
               and
               Doctrine
               therein
               contain'd
               ;
               which
               may
               be
               called
               an
               Epitome
               of
               
               Aristotle's
               Philosophy
               .
            
             
               He
               held
               ,
               That
               Philosophy
               was
               to
               be
               divided
               into
               two
               Principal
               Members
               ;
               of
               which
               the
               one
               was
               Practical
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               Theoretical
               .
               That
               Practical
               Philosophy
               was
               to
               be
               divided
               into
               Oeconomical
               and
               Political
               ,
               to
               which
               all
               the
               business
               of
               this
               World
               ,
               both
               private
               and
               public
               may
               be
               referr'd
               ;
               and
               that
               the
               other
               Division
               into
               Physical
               and
               Logical
               ,
               belonged
               to
               Speculation
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               Logic
               ,
               he
               proposes
               it
               as
               an
               exact
               Instrument
               for
               the
               handling
               of
               all
               the
               other
               Sciences
               ;
               and
               will
               have
               it
               to
               have
               a
               double
               End
               ,
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               Truth
               and
               Probability
               :
               Each
               of
               which
               is
               of
               some
               principal
               use
               to
               the
               two
               faculties
               :
               For
               the
               use
               of
               Rhetoric
               and
               Logic
               tends
               to
               Probability
               ,
               Philosophy
               and
               Analytics
               ,
               to
               Truth
               .
               Moreover
               he
               has
               omitted
               nothing
               of
               that
               which
               appertains
               either
               to
               Invention
               or
               Judgment
               ,
               or
               to
               the
               use
               of
               either
               ;
               for
               he
               sets
               before
               Invention
               a
               great
               number
               of
               Propositions
               ,
               from
               whence
               ,
               by
               way
               of
               Method
               and
               common
               Places
               an
               infinite
               number
               
               of
               probable
               Arguments
               may
               he
               drawn
               for
               every
               Question
               .
               In
               reference
               to
               Judgment
               he
               has
               wrote
               his
               first
               and
               ▪
               second
               Analytics
               .
               The
               first
               to
               shew
               how
               to
               make
               a
               right
               Judgment
               of
               the
               Agreement
               of
               one
               Proposition
               with
               another
               ;
               and
               the
               latter
               to
               examine
               the
               Consequences
               of
               them
               ,
               by
               collecting
               what
               went
               before
               ,
               and
               what
               followed
               after
               .
               As
               to
               the
               use
               of
               things
               which
               are
               in
               Controversy
               ,
               and
               under
               dispute
               ,
               either
               among
               the
               Logicians
               ,
               or
               the
               Sophisters
               ,
               he
               has
               shewn
               how
               to
               satisfy
               the
               Arguments
               ,
               as
               well
               of
               the
               one
               as
               the
               other
               .
            
             
               He
               holds
               that
               Sence
               is
               the
               Rule
               upon
               which
               the
               Judgment
               of
               Truth
               relies
               ,
               as
               to
               actions
               that
               are
               in
               the
               Imagination
               .
               But
               that
               the
               Judgment
               is
               the
               rule
               of
               Truth
               ,
               in
               reference
               to
               the
               Moral
               Vertues
               ,
               whether
               in
               relation
               to
               public
               or
               domestic
               affairs
               ,
               or
               in
               the
               Composition
               and
               making
               of
               Laws
               .
               He
               proposes
               the
               use
               of
               Vertue
               in
               a
               perfect
               Life
               ,
               to
               be
               the
               end
               of
               all
               Mens
               Living
               .
            
             
               He
               holds
               Felicity
               to
               be
               an
               Assemblage
               of
               three
               things
               really
               beneficial
               ;
               of
               that
               which
               depends
               upon
               the
               Soul
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               best
               and
               most
               powerful
               ;
               of
               that
               which
               proceeds
               from
               the
               Body
               ,
               as
               Health
               ,
               Strength
               ,
               Beauty
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               ;
               and
               lastly
               upon
               that
               which
               is
               grounded
               upon
               outward
               Conveniences
               ;
               as
               Riches
               ,
               Nobility
               ,
               
               Reputatation
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               ,
               which
               depend
               upon
               Fortune
               .
               But
               that
               Vice
               is
               sufficient
               of
               it self
               to
               render
               Life
               miserable
               ,
               though
               accompanied
               with
               all
               outward
               and
               Corporeal
               Conveniences
               .
               That
               a
               wi●●
               Man
               might
               be
               miserable
               ,
               being
               afflicted
               sometimes
               with
               Pain
               ,
               sometimes
               with
               Poverty
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               with
               other
               Inconveniences
               .
               That
               the
               Vertues
               do
               not
               depend
               one
               upon
               another
               .
               For
               it
               may
               happen
               ,
               says
               he
               ,
               that
               a
               Man
               may
               be
               Prudent
               and
               Just
               ,
               and
               yet
               addicted
               to
               Intemperance
               and
               Incontinency
               .
               That
               a
               wise
               Man
               can
               never
               be
               wholly
               exempt
               from
               Passions
               ,
               but
               only
               he
               may
               be
               able
               to
               govern
               'em
               with
               more
               Moderation
               than
               another
               .
               That
               Friendship
               is
               the
               Reciprocal
               Justice
               of
               good-will
               ,
               of
               which
               he
               makes
               three
               sorts
               ;
               of
               Parents
               ,
               of
               Lovers
               ,
               of
               Hospitality
               .
               That
               Love
               does
               not
               only
               concern
               the
               Conversation
               of
               other
               Men
               ,
               but
               of
               Philosophers
               ;
               for
               says
               he
               ,
               a
               Wise
               Man
               may
               love
               as
               well
               as
               another
               ,
               mind
               the
               public
               affairs
               ,
               marry
               a
               Wife
               ,
               and
               live
               with
               a
               King.
               And
               lastly
               having
               established
               three
               several
               manners
               of
               Living
               ,
               the
               first
               in
               Contemplation
               ,
               the
               second
               in
               Action
               ,
               and
               the
               third
               in
               Pleasure
               ,
               he
               always
               preferred
               Contemplation
               before
               the
               rest
               .
               He
               held
               that
               the
               Knowledge
               of
               the
               liberal
               Arts
               was
               of
               little
               Importance
               toward
               the
               attaining
               of
               Vertue
               .
            
             
             
               There
               never
               was
               any
               Philosopher
               ,
               who
               〈…〉
               diligently
               enquired
               into
               the
               causes
               of
               Natural
               things
               than
               he
               ;
               so
               that
               he
               was
               able
               to
               give
               a
               Reason
               for
               the
               smallest
               thing
               that
               could
               be
               asked
               him
               :
               and
               hence
               it
               was
               that
               he
               wrote
               so
               many
               Commentaries
               concerning
               natural
               Things
               .
               He
               asserted
               ,
               with
               Plat●
               ,
               that
               God
               was
               incorporeal
               and
               immoveable
               ;
               whose
               providence
               did
               not
               pass
               beyond
               the
               limits
               of
               the
               Colestial
               Bodies
               ,
               with
               which
               all
               terre●…
               things
               agreed
               ,
               and
               were
               disposed
               by
               Sy●●p●●hy
               .
               That
               there
               was
               a
               fifth
               Element
               ,
               which
               gives
               being
               to
               the
               Heavenly
               Bodies
               ,
               whose
               Motion
               i●
               different
               from
               that
               of
               the
               other
               four
               Elements
               ,
               of
               which
               the
               inferiour
               World
               was
               composed
               .
               For
               that
               the
               Motion
               of
               this
               Element
               was
               circular
               ,
               ●●d
               theirs
               in
               a
               right
               ●ine
               .
               Also
               ,
               that
               the
               Soul
               is
               incorporeal
               ,
               and
               the
               first
               Entelechy
               of
               an
               Organick
               Natural
               Body
               having
               Life
               
                 in
                 P●…
              
               .
               Now
               you
               are
               to
               understand
               that
               he
               calls
               Entelechy
               ,
               an
               incorporeal
               Nature
               ;
               which
               imparts
               to
               the
               Corporeal
               power
               to
               move
               it self
               ;
               of
               which
               he
               makes
               two
               sorts
               ,
               the
               one
               Potential
               ,
               the
               other
               in
               Effect
               .
               That
               which
               is
               
                 in
                 Potenti●
              
               ,
               is
               manifest
               in
               a
               thing
               that
               is
               not
               ,
               but
               may
               be
               ;
               a●
               a
               piece
               of
               Wax
               ,
               or
               a
               great
               ●ingot
               of
               Copper
               ,
               of
               which
               there
               may
               be
               made
               an
               Image
               or
               Statue
               of
               Marble
               ,
               by
               
               shaping
               the
               Wax
               ,
               or
               giving
               Lineaments
               to
               the
               Brass
               .
               But
               that
               which
               is
               in
               the
               Effect
               ,
               is
               manifest
               in
               the
               thing
               it self
               ;
               which
               is
               already
               finished
               and
               perfected
               :
               as
               Wax
               or
               Copper
               when
               wrought
               or
               cast
               into
               a
               Statue
               .
            
             
               He
               adds
               
                 Natural
                 Bodies
              
               ,
               because
               there
               are
               some
               Bodies
               that
               are
               either
               wrought
               by
               the
               Hand
               ,
               as
               are
               all
               the
               Manifactures
               of
               Artisans
               ,
               as
               a
               Tower
               or
               a
               Ship
               :
               or
               else
               others
               that
               are
               produced
               from
               the
               Earth
               ▪
               as
               Plants
               and
               Animals
               .
               Farther
               he
               adds
               Organic
               ,
               that
               is
               designed
               and
               prepared
               for
               some
               design
               ,
               as
               the
               Eye
               to
               see
               ,
               the
               Ear
               to
               hear
               .
               Lastly
               he
               adds
               ,
               
                 having
                 Life
                 ▪
                 in
                 Potentia
              
               .
               For
               Potentiality
               being
               less
               than
               the
               Effect
               ,
               always
               preceeds
               Action
               in
               every
               thing
               ;
               but
               the
               Effect
               cannot
               be
               without
               Action
               .
               As
               for
               Example
               ,
               a
               Man
               that
               sleeps
               is
               enlivened
               with
               a
               Soul
               
                 in
                 Po●tentia
              
               ;
               but
               he
               that
               wakes
               is
               animated
               with
               a
               Soul
               in
               Act
               ;
               for
               he
               sees
               and
               understands
               such
               and
               such
               things
               ,
               which
               he
               that
               is
               a
               sleep
               does
               not
               do
               ,
               though
               he
               has
               a
               power
               so
               to
               do
               .
            
             
               Such
               were
               his
               Philosophical
               Reasonings
               concerning
               these
               and
               many
               other
               things
               ,
               which
               would
               be
               here
               too
               long
               to
               recite
               .
               For
               he
               was
               so
               Laborious
               and
               Industrious
               in
               all
               things
               ,
               and
               so
               acute
               in
               finding
               out
               Arguments
               for
               his
               Discourses
               ,
               
               that
               it
               was
               a
               thing
               almost
               incredible
               :
               as
               may
               be
               seen
               by
               the
               great
               number
               of
               Volumes
               ,
               which
               we
               have
               already
               number'd
               up
               ;
               exceeding
               in
               all
               four
               hundred
               Volumes
               :
               together
               with
               several
               others
               ,
               and
               an
               infinite
               Number
               of
               Sentences
               ;
               though
               I
               question
               whether
               all
               that
               are
               ascribed
               to
               him
               be
               his
               own
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               last
               place
               we
               find
               that
               there
               were
               eight
               Aristotles
               ;
               The
               first
               the
               Great
               Philosopher
               himself
               .
               A
               second
               formerly
               chief
               Magistrate
               of
               Athens
               .
               Several
               of
               whose
               Orations
               or
               Judicial
               Pleadings
               very
               neat
               and
               elegant
               ,
               are
               extant
               to
               this
               day
               .
               A
               third
               who
               Transcrib'd
               
               Homer's
               Iliads
               .
               A
               fourth
               a
               Sicilian
               Orator
               ,
               who
               wrote
               an
               Answer
               to
               the
               Panegyric
               of
               Isocrates
               .
               The
               fifth
               Sirnamed
               Mythus
               ,
               a
               Companion
               of
               Eschines
               the
               Socratic
               .
               The
               sixth
               of
               Cyrene
               ,
               who
               wrote
               a
               Book
               of
               Poetry
               .
               The
               seventh
               a
               Paedagogue
               ,
               of
               whom
               Aristoxenus
               makes
               mention
               in
               
               Plato's
               Life
               .
               The
               last
               a
               Grammarian
               of
               little
               Esteem
               :
               Of
               whose
               writing
               there
               is
               extant
               a
               small
               Treatise
               of
               Pleon●sm
               .
            
             
               But
               as
               for
               the
               Stagyrian
               Philosopher
               ,
               he
               had
               several
               Disciples
               ,
               among
               whom
               Theophrastus
               was
               the
               chiefest
               ;
               and
               whose
               Life
               we
               are
               therefore
               next
               to
               write
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               THEOPHRASTVS
               .
            
             
               THEOPHRASTVS
               an
               Etesian
               ,
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Metant●s
               ,
               a
               Fuller
               ,
               as
               Artemidorus
               reports
               in
               his
               Eighteenth
               Book
               of
               Deambulations
               .
               He
               was
               first
               a
               Hearer
               of
               Le●cipp●s
               his
               Countryman
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               same
               City
               ;
               afterwards
               he
               went
               to
               Athens
               ,
               and
               heard
               Plato
               :
               and
               at
               length
               rang'd
               himself
               in
               the
               number
               of
               
               Aristotle's
               Scholars
               ,
               to
               whom
               he
               succeeded
               in
               the
               Government
               of
               his
               School
               ▪
               after
               he
               had
               withdrawn
               himself
               to
               Chalc●●
               ,
               which
               was
               about
               the
               180.
               
               Olympiad
               .
               They
               report
               likewise
               ,
               that
               his
               Servant
               Pompylus
               was
               a
               very
               great
               Philosopher
               as
               
                 Myronius
                 Amastrius
              
               relates
               in
               the
               first
               of
               his
               a
               like
               Historical
               Chapters
               .
            
             
               Theophrastus
               was
               a
               Man
               of
               great
               Judgment
               ,
               and
               who
               ,
               as
               Pamphilus
               writes
               in
               the
               thirteenth
               Book
               of
               his
               Commentaries
               ,
               delighted
               very
               much
               in
               Comedies
               ,
               and
               was
               the
               Person
               that
               instructed
               and
               Moulded
               Menander
               .
               Moreover
               he
               was
               a
               Person
               that
               would
               do
               Kindnesses
               voluntarily
               ;
               and
               was
               very
               affable
               to
               all
               Men.
               Cas-sander
               held
               him
               in
               High
               Esteem
               ,
               and
               Ptolomy
               also
               sent
               him
               several
               Presents
               .
               He
               
               was
               so
               extreamly
               Popular
               ,
               and
               so
               greatly
               ●everenced
               by
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               that
               one
               Agnonides
               who
               accused
               him
               of
               Irreligion
               ,
               had
               much
               ado
               to
               escape
               th
               Punishment
               of
               the
               same
               Crime
               ,
               for
               which
               he
               had
               accused
               Theophrastus
               .
               His
               Auditors
               ●looked
               to
               him
               from
               all
               parts
               ,
               to
               the
               number
               of
               above
               two
               thousand
               .
            
             
               In
               a
               Letter
               written
               to
               Phanias
               the
               Peripatetic
               ,
               among
               other
               things
               touching
               the
               Decree
               made
               against
               Philosophers
               ,
               he
               thus
               discourses
               :
               
                 I
                 am
                 so
                 far
              
               ,
               says
               he
               ,
               
                 from
                 calling
                 together
                 great
                 Assemblies
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 seldom
                 appear
                 in
                 any
                 Company
                 .
              
               For
               by
               such
               a
               Retirement
               I
               have
               the
               advantage
               to
               review
               and
               correct
               my
               Writings
               .
               This
               was
               part
               of
               his
               Epistle
               to
               Phanias
               ,
               wherein
               he
               calls
               him
               Scholar
               :
               Nevertheless
               ,
               notwithstanding
               all
               his
               endowments
               ,
               he
               made
               no
               Opposition
               to
               the
               Decree
               ,
               but
               withdrew
               for
               some
               time
               ,
               as
               did
               all
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Philosophers
               .
               For
               Sophocles
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Amphiclides
               ,
               had
               made
               a
               Law
               ,
               by
               which
               it
               was
               enacted
               and
               commanded
               ,
               that
               none
               of
               the
               Philosophers
               should
               intrude
               themselves
               to
               preside
               in
               Schools
               ,
               without
               the
               consent
               of
               the
               People
               and
               Senate
               ;
               and
               that
               whoever
               it
               were
               that
               disobey'd
               this
               Decree
               ,
               should
               be
               punished
               with
               Death
               .
               But
               it
               pleased
               God
               that
               Philo
               prefixed
               a
               
               day
               to
               answer
               to
               certain
               Treacheries
               by
               him
               committed
               ;
               but
               then
               the
               Philosophers
               returned
               ,
               the
               Athenians
               having
               ●
               brogated
               that
               Law
               ,
               the
               Philosophers
               were
               restored
               to
               their
               Employments
               ,
               and
               The●phrastus
               presided
               as
               he
               did
               before
               in
               his
               School
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               called
               before
               Tyrtamus
               ,
               but
               Aristotle
               taking
               notice
               of
               the
               sub●imity
               of
               his
               Language
               and
               Discourses
               ,
               changed
               his
               Name
               ,
               and
               called
               him
               Theophrastus
               .
               He
               also
               had
               a
               great
               Esteem
               for
               Nicomachus
               the
               Son
               of
               Aristotle
               ,
               and
               shewed
               him
               a
               more
               particular
               friendship
               ,
               then
               it
               was
               usual
               for
               a
               Master
               to
               do
               :
               as
               Aristippus
               reports
               in
               his
               fourth
               Book
               of
               the
               Delights
               of
               the
               Ancients
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               ,
               how
               that
               Aristotle
               should
               say
               the
               same
               thing
               of
               Callisthenes
               ,
               and
               Theophrastus
               ,
               as
               Plato
               had
               uttered
               concerning
               him
               and
               Xenocrates
               ;
               as
               we
               have
               mention'd
               in
               another
               place
               ;
               for
               of
               one
               he
               said
               that
               apprehended
               ,
               he
               made
               all
               things
               plain
               ,
               through
               the
               nimbleness
               and
               quickness
               of
               his
               gentile
               Wit
               ;
               but
               that
               the
               other
               was
               slow
               and
               heavy
               ,
               and
               so
               thick-scull'd
               and
               dull
               ,
               that
               the
               one
               required
               a
               Bridle
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               Spurrs
               .
               T
               is
               said
               ,
               that
               he
               took
               possession
               of
               
               Aristotle's
               Garden
               ,
               so
               soon
               as
               he
               was
               retired
               to
               Chalcis
               ,
               by
               the
               Assistance
               of
               
                 Demetrius
                 Phalereus
              
               ,
               who
               furnished
               him
               with
               Money
               .
            
             
             
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               that
               't
               was
               better
               to
               trust
               a
               Horse
               without
               a
               Bridle
               ,
               than
               to
               one
               irregular
               and
               improperly
               disposed
               .
            
             
               To
               a
               certain
               person
               that
               at
               a
               great
               feast
               listened
               to
               others
               ,
               but
               spoke
               not
               a
               word
               himself
               :
               
                 If
                 thou
                 art
                 ignorant
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 thou
                 dost
                 well
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 thou
                 art
                 learned
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 thy
                 Folly
                 makes
                 thee
                 silent
                 .
              
               He
               was
               always
               w●nt
               to
               have
               this
               saying
               in
               his
               Mouth
               ,
               That
               there
               was
               nothing
               cost
               so
               dear
               as
               the
               waste
               of
               Time.
               
            
             
               He
               was
               very
               old
               when
               hee
               dy'd
               ;
               as
               having
               lived
               four
               score
               and
               five
               years
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               retired
               a
               while
               from
               his
               former
               Exercises
               .
               Which
               produced
               this
               Epigram
               of
               ours
               upon
               him
               .
               
                 
                   Th●●
                   vainly
                   talk
                   ,
                   that
                   cry
                   ,
                   unbend
                   your
                   Bow
                   ,
                
                 
                   L●●st
                   by
                   continual
                   stress
                   it
                   slacker
                   grow
                   ;
                
                 
                   For
                   Theophrastus
                   here
                   his
                   Bow
                   unbent
                   ,
                
                 
                   His
                   Labour
                   quitted
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   Orcus
                   went.
                   
                
              
            
             
               His
               Scholars
               beholding
               him
               ready
               to
               ●●pire
               upon
               his
               Death-bed
               ,
               asked
               him
               ,
               as
               t●●
               reported
               ,
               what
               commands
               he
               had
               to
               lay
               upon
               'em
               before
               he
               departed
               this
               Life
               .
               To
               whom
               he
               returned
               this
               answer
               .
               
                 I
                 have
                 nothing
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 more
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 that
                 this
                 Life
                 deceives
                 us
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 flatters
                 us
                 with
                 many
                 pleasing
                 Dreams
                 ,
                 under
                 
                 the
                 p●●t●●ce
                 of
                 Glory
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 〈◊〉
                 th●●●
                 to
                 live
                 ,
                 Death
                 comes
                 and
                 snatches
                 us
                 away
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 more
                 vain
                 th●n
                 the
                 lo●
                 of
                 Honour
                 .
                 My
                 Dear
                 friends
                 live
                 happi●●
                 and
                 ●ear
                 my
                 words
                 in
                 mind
                 :
                 and
                 either
                 forget
                 the
                 saying
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 labour
                 i●
                 gre●●
                 )
                 〈◊〉
                 st●●fastly
                 apply
                 〈◊〉
                 minds
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 g●●●●
                 is
                 the
                 Glory
                 that
                 ●tt●●ds
                 it
                 .
                 H●●ev●●
                 will
                 not
                 have
                 undertake
                 to
                 advise
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 ●o
                 Elect
                 ,
                 but
                 consider
                 among
                 〈◊〉
                 solves
                 ,
                 what
                 ●e
                 have
                 to
                 do
                 .
              
               And
               with
               these
               words
               in
               his
               mouth
               he
               expir●d
               ,
               〈◊〉
               was
               honourably
               attended
               at
               his
               Fu●●ral
               by
               all
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               who
               followed
               him
               〈◊〉
               his
               Grave
               .
               ●●av●●in●●
               reports
               ,
               That
               wh●●
               he
               was
               very
               old
               ,
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               〈◊〉
               ●●ry'd
               about
               in
               a
               Litter
               :
               and
               after
               hi●
               Hermippus
               testifies
               the
               same
               thing
               ,
               acknowledging
               that
               he
               had
               taken
               his
               Inf●●mation
               out
               of
               the
               History
               of
               Arces●●●●
               the
               ●ytan●●●
               .
            
             
               He
               left
               behind
               to
               Posterity
               several
               ●●numents
               of
               his
               sublime
               Wit
               ,
               of
               which
               I
               think
               it
               but
               requisite
               to
               give
               the
               Readers
               Catalogue
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               that
               there
               by
               it
               〈◊〉
               be
               known
               how
               great
               a
               Philosopher
               〈◊〉
               was
            
             
               First
               several
               Treatis●●
               under
               the
               na●●
               of
               the
               Persons
               to
               whom
               they
               are
               dedicated
               .
               A
               Book
               to
               Anaxagoras
               ;
               an●●her
               to
               the
               same
               ;
               one
               to
               Anaximenes
               ;
               one
               to
               
               Archel●us
               ;
               one
               to
               those
               that
               belonged
               to
               the
               A●ademy
               ,
               entituled
               ▪
               Acicar●us
               ;
               one
               to
               E●pedocles
               ;
               one
               en●it●led
               Eviades
               ;
               one
               of
               Democritus
               ;
               one
               entituled
               Megacles
               ;
               another
               entituled
               Megarica
               .
               An
               Epitome
               of
               Aristotles
               Works
               ;
               one
               Book
               of
               Commentaries
               ;
               one
               of
               Natural
               ,
               Moral
               ,
               and
               Civil
               Problems
               ,
               and
               of
               Love
               ;
               Seven
               of
               Aristotles
               Commentaries
               or
               Theophrastics
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Nature
              
               .
               Three
               Books
               of
               the
               Gods
               ;
               one
               of
               Enthusiasm
               ;
               an
               Epitome
               of
               Natural
               Things
               ;
               A
               tract
               against
               Naturallists
               ;
               one
               Book
               of
               Nature
               ;
               three
               more
               of
               Nature
               ;
               two
               Abridgments
               of
               natural
               things
               ;
               eighteen
               more
               of
               Natural
               things
               ;
               seventeen
               of
               various
               Opinions
               concerning
               Natural
               things
               ;
               one
               of
               Natural
               Problems
               ;
               three
               of
               Motion
               ;
               two
               more
               of
               Motion
               ;
               three
               of
               Water
               ;
               one
               of
               a
               River
               in
               Sicily
               ;
               two
               of
               Meteors
               ;
               two
               of
               Fire
               ;
               one
               of
               Heaven
               ;
               one
               of
               Nitre
               and
               Alum
               ;
               two
               of
               things
               that
               putrifie
               ;
               one
               of
               Stones
               ;
               one
               of
               Metals
               ;
               one
               of
               things
               that
               melt
               and
               coagulate
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Sea
               ;
               one
               of
               Winds
               ;
               two
               of
               things
               in
               dry
               places
               ;
               two
               of
               Sublime
               things
               ;
               one
               of
               Hot
               and
               Gold
               ;
               one
               of
               Generation
               ;
               ten
               of
               the
               History
               of
               Plants
               ;
               eight
               of
               the
               causes
               of
               them
               ;
               five
               of
               Humours
               ;
               one
               of
               Melancholy
               ;
               one
               of
               Honey
               ;
               eighteen
               first
               Propositions
               concerning
               Wine
               ;
               one
               of
               
               Drunkenness
               ;
               one
               of
               Spirits
               ;
               one
               of
               Hair
               ;
               another
               of
               Juices
               ,
               Flesh
               and
               Leather
               ;
               one
               of
               things
               the
               sight
               of
               which
               is
               unexpected
               ;
               one
               of
               things
               which
               are
               subject
               to
               wounds
               and
               bitings
               ;
               seven
               of
               Animals
               ;
               and
               other
               six
               of
               Animals
               ;
               one
               of
               Men
               ;
               one
               of
               Animals
               that
               are
               thought
               to
               participate
               of
               Reason
               ;
               One
               of
               the
               Prudence
               and
               Manners
               ,
               or
               Inclinations
               of
               Animals
               ;
               one
               of
               Animals
               that
               dig
               themselves
               Holes
               and
               Dens
               ;
               one
               of
               fortuito●●
               Animals
               ;
               1182
               Verses
               comprehending
               all
               sorts
               of
               Fruits
               and
               Animals
               ;
               A
               question
               concerning
               the
               Soul
               ;
               one
               of
               Sleeping
               and
               Waking
               ;
               one
               of
               Labours
               ;
               one
               of
               old
               Age
               ;
               one
               of
               Thoughts
               ;
               four
               of
               the
               Sight
               one
               of
               things
               that
               change
               their
               Colour
               one
               of
               Tears
               entituled
               Callisthenes
               ;
               two
               of
               hearing
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Diversity
               of
               the
               volces
               of
               Animals
               of
               the
               same
               sort
               ;
               one
               of
               Odours
               ;
               two
               of
               Torment
               ;
               one
               of
               Folly
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Palsi●
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Epilepsie
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Vertigo
               ,
               and
               dazling
               of
               the
               Sight
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               fainting
               of
               the
               Heart
               ;
               one
               of
               Suffocation
               ;
               one
               of
               Sweat
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Pestilence
               .
            
             
               Mathematics
               .
               A
               Book
               of
               Numbers
               ;
               one
               of
               Indivisible
               Lines
               ;
               one
               of
               Measures
               ;
               one
               of
               Harmony
               ;
               three
               of
               Music
               ;
               another
               of
               Music
               ;
               one
               of
               Great
               and
               Small
               ;
               one
               of
               Images
               ;
               one
               of
               Twi-lights
               and
               
               Meridionals
               ;
               one
               of
               Seasons
               ;
               one
               of
               ●●thmetical
               Histories
               ,
               according
               to
               Augmentation
               ;
               four
               of
               Geometrical
               Histories
               ;
               ●●●
               Astrological
               Histories
               ;
               one
               of
               
               Democritus's
               Astrology
               .
            
             
               Discourse
               .
               A
               Book
               of
               the
               Art
               of
               Rhetoric
               ;
               one
               of
               Precepts
               for
               the
               Art
               of
               Rhetoric
               ;
               seven
               sorts
               of
               the
               Art
               of
               Rhetoric
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Art
               of
               Poetry
               ;
               one
               of
               Solo●cisins
               ;
               one
               of
               a
               Word
               ;
               one
               of
               proper
               Orations
               ;
               of
               judicial
               Orations
               ;
               one
               of
               Proposition
               and
               Narration
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Exemplar
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Collection
               of
               Words
               ;
               one
               of
               Proverbs
               ;
               one
               of
               Sentences
               ;
               one
               of
               Favour
               ;
               one
               of
               Provocation
               to
               Laughter
               ;
               one
               of
               Beauty
               ;
               of
               Praise
               ;
               of
               Injuries
               ;
               of
               Flattery
               ;
               of
               Tumult
               ;
               of
               Comedy
               ;
               one
               of
               History
               ;
               six
               Books
               of
               the
               History
               of
               things
               spoken
               of
               God
               ;
               of
               the
               Praises
               of
               the
               Gods
               ;
               three
               of
               Lives
               ;
               one
               of
               Solemnities
               ;
               one
               of
               Confabulations
               ;
               a
               Collection
               of
               Diogenes's
               Propositions
               ;
               one
               of
               Calumny
               ;
               two
               of
               things
               invented
               .
            
             
               Of
               Reason
               .
               One
               how
               many
               ways
               a
               a
               Man
               may
               understand
               ;
               one
               of
               true
               and
               false
               ;
               three
               of
               false
               ;
               two
               of
               terms
               ;
               one
               of
               differences
               ;
               one
               of
               Signs
               ;
               five
               containing
               a
               Collection
               of
               Problems
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Judgment
               upon
               Syllogisms
               ;
               one
               
               of
               the
               solution
               of
               Syllogisms
               ;
               one
               of
               Enthymemes
               ;
               two
               of
               Epicheremes
               ;
               Eighteen
               Epicheremes
               ;
               one
               of
               Affirmation
               and
               Negation
               ;
               one
               of
               Occasions
               or
               Contradictions
               ;
               an
               Epitome
               of
               Definitions
               ;
               two
               of
               Divisions
               ;
               one
               of
               Causes
               ;
               an
               Epitome
               of
               Analytics
               ;
               three
               of
               the
               first
               Analytics
               ;
               seven
               of
               the
               latter
               ;
               a
               Preamble
               of
               Topics
               ;
               two
               of
               the
               deducation
               of
               Places
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Speculation
               of
               things
               that
               belong
               to
               contentious
               Discourse
               ;
               two
               of
               Sophisms
               ;
               one
               of
               Solutions
               ;
               one
               of
               simple
               doubts
               ;
               three
               of
               Controversies
               ;
               three
               Questions
               ;
               Twenty
               four
               other
               Questions
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Collections
               of
               Metrodorus
               ;
               one
               of
               Zenocratic
               Questions
               .
            
             
               Of
               Manners
               .
               Of
               divine
               Felicity
               ;
               another
               of
               human
               Felicity
               ;
               of
               Voluntary
               ;
               of
               the
               Passions
               ;
               of
               Vertue
               ;
               of
               the
               differences
               of
               the
               Vertues
               ;
               one
               of
               Pleasure
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               Aristotle
               ;
               of
               Choice
               ;
               of
               Counsel
               ;
               of
               Wise
               Men
               ;
               of
               Faith
               reposed
               without
               cunning
               ;
               three
               of
               Friendship
               ;
               one
               entituled
               Amatorious
               ;
               another
               of
               Love
               ;
               two
               of
               Liberallity
               ;
               one
               of
               Pleasure
               Men
               take
               in
               Lying
               ;
               of
               Dissimulation
               ;
               of
               Moral
               Figures
               ;
               of
               Moral
               Schools
               .
            
             
               Of
               Otconomics
               .
               Of
               Piety
               ;
               of
               the
               means
               to
               instruct
               Children
               ;
               of
               Vertue
               ;
               
               of
               Discipline
               :
               of
               Frugality
               :
               of
               what
               it
               is
               to
               give
               :
               of
               Experience
               :
               three
               Books
               of
               Epistles
               :
               more
               Epistles
               to
               
                 Astycreon
                 ,
                 Ph●●ias
              
               and
               Nicanor
               .
            
             
               Of
               Commonwealths
               .
               Two
               Abstracts
               of
               
               Pla●●'s
               Common-wealth
               :
               of
               the
               Condition
               of
               a
               good
               Republic
               :
               three
               Books
               of
               Civil
               things
               :
               four
               of
               Civil
               Customs
               :
               two
               of
               Government
               :
               four
               of
               Politics
               for
               the
               time
               :
               three
               of
               Legislators
               :
               An
               Epitome
               of
               the
               Laws
               in
               ten
               Books
               :
               one
               of
               Laws
               :
               twenty
               four
               .
               of
               Laws
               disposed
               according
               to
               Order
               and
               Alphabet
               :
               one
               of
               unjust
               Laws
               :
               one
               of
               an
               Oath
               :
               one
               to
               shew
               how
               Cities
               may
               be
               peopl'd
               .
               
                 Of
                 Kingdoms
              
               .
               One
               of
               a
               Kingdom
               :
               two
               more
               of
               a
               Kingdom
               :
               one
               of
               the
               Education
               of
               a
               King
               :
               one
               of
               Tyranny
               :
               one
               of
               Kingdom
               to
               Cassander
               :
               one
               of
               Riches
               .
               All
               these
               Books
               and
               Treatises
               were
               composed
               by
               Theophrastus
               .
            
             
               I
               also
               met
               with
               his
               Will
               in
               these
               words
               .
               My
               will
               shall
               be
               well
               and
               duly
               performed
               ,
               ●●
               I
               hope
               ,
               if
               when
               I
               come
               to
               dye
               ,
               it
               be
               no
               otherwise
               executed
               ,
               than
               I
               have
               enjoyned
               it
               by
               this
               my
               Testament
               .
               First
               ,
               I
               give
               to
               Melanthus
               and
               Pancreon
               ,
               the
               Sons
               of
               Leo
               ,
               all
               my
               Moveables
               that
               belong
               to
               ●ly
               House
               .
               For
               what
               Hipparchus
               obliged
               me
               withal
               ,
               I
               would
               have
               it
               expended
               upon
               the
               Reparations
               of
               the
               School
               ,
               and
               
               for
               adorning
               the
               Theatre
               much
               be●…
               it
               be
               possible
               than
               it
               was
               before
               :
               and
               ●et
               the
               Statue
               of
               Aristotle
               be
               set
               up
               in
               the
               Oratory
               of
               the
               said
               School
               ,
               with
               all
               the
               sacred
               Jewels
               that
               were
               there
               before
               .
               I
               would
               have
               also
               rebuilt
               the
               Portico
               adjoyning
               to
               the
               same
               School
               ,
               in
               the
               same
               condition
               it
               was
               before
               ,
               or
               better
               if
               possible
               ;
               and
               that
               the
               Map
               of
               the
               World
               be
               set
               up
               a●
               the
               lower
               End
               :
               and
               that
               an
               Altar
               be
               ●
               rected
               not
               far
               from
               it
               ,
               the
               same
               in
               form●…
               the
               other
               ,
               whether
               for
               Decency
               or
               Perfection
               .
               Moreover
               my
               Will
               is
               ,
               That
               the
               Statue
               of
               Nicomachus
               be
               finished
               ,
               a●…
               gave
               order
               to
               Praxiteles
               :
               but
               as
               for
               the
               Expences
               of
               setting
               it
               up
               ,
               let
               him
               defray
               that
               charge
               himself
               ,
               and
               let
               it
               be
               set
               up
               where
               my
               Executors
               shall
               think
               mo●…
               Convenient
               ,
               whom
               I
               have
               for
               that
               purpose
               named
               in
               my
               Will.
               Thus
               much
               in
               reference
               to
               the
               Oratory
               ,
               and
               its
               sacred
               Jewels
               .
               Moreover
               I
               bequeath
               to
               my
               friends
               who
               are
               specially
               nominated
               in
               this
               my
               Will
               ,
               and
               to
               those
               that
               will
               spend
               their
               time
               with
               them
               in
               Learning
               and
               Philosophy
               ,
               my
               Garden
               ,
               Walk
               ,
               and
               H●●ses
               adjoyning
               :
               upon
               condition
               however
               that
               none
               of
               them
               shall
               claim
               any
               particular
               property
               therein
               ,
               nor
               go
               about
               to
               alienate
               'em
               from
               their
               proper
               use
               :
               but
               that
               they
               shall
               be
               enjoyed
               in
               Common
               by
               
               'em
               all
               ,
               as
               a
               sacred
               place
               where
               they
               may
               similiarily
               visit
               one
               another
               ;
               and
               discourse
               together
               like
               good
               friends
               .
               And
               these
               are
               they
               to
               whom
               I
               bequeath
               this
               Common
               Possession
               ;
               viz.
               
                 Hipparchus
                 ,
                 Nel●●●
                 ,
                 Callio
                 ,
                 Demoticus
                 ,
                 Demaratus
                 ,
                 Calli●th●ues
                 ,
                 Melantus
                 ,
                 Pan●reo●
                 ,
              
               and
               ▪
               Ni●●ppus
               ;
               to
               whom
               I
               add
               Aristotle
               the
               Son
               of
               Midias
               and
               Pythias
               ;
               who
               if
               he
               please
               to
               addict
               himself
               to
               Philosophy
               ,
               may
               enjoy
               equal
               Privileges
               with
               the
               rest
               .
               I
               recommend
               him
               to
               his
               most
               ancient
               Friends
               ,
               to
               take
               care
               that
               he
               be
               instructed
               in
               Philosophy
               .
               For
               my
               part
               I
               desire
               to
               be
               buried
               in
               any
               part
               of
               the
               Garden
               ,
               where
               they
               shall
               think
               most
               convenient
               ,
               charging
               them
               not
               to
               be
               at
               any
               superfluous
               Expence
               ,
               either
               upon
               my
               Funeral
               ,
               or
               upon
               my
               Tomb.
               Which
               being
               done
               ,
               my
               Will
               is
               ,
               That
               Pompylus
               ,
               who
               lives
               in
               the
               House
               ,
               take
               care
               of
               every
               thing
               ,
               as
               he
               did
               before
               .
               To
               which
               purpose
               I
               recommend
               him
               to
               all
               that
               shall
               enjoy
               the
               forementioned
               Privileges
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               be
               as
               much
               to
               his
               profit
               as
               may
               be
               .
               Moreover
               it
               is
               my
               Will
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               formerly
               testified
               to
               Melantus
               and
               Pancreon
               ,
               That
               there
               be
               an
               Assignation
               of
               two
               thousand
               Drachma's
               to
               Pompylus
               and
               Threptes
               my
               free'd
               Bondmen
               ,
               who
               have
               served
               me
               faithfully
               ;
               and
               ,
               That
               this
               Assignation
               be
               made
               upon
               Hipparchus
               ;
               besides
               those
               other
               
               Emoluments
               which
               they
               have
               received
               at
               my
               hands
               ;
               and
               that
               the
               said
               Assignation
               be
               made
               over
               to
               them
               firmly
               in
               their
               own
               Names
               .
               Moreover
               I
               give
               them
               Sotomales
               ,
               and
               a
               Servant
               Maid
               .
               As
               for
               my
               Boys
               ,
               it
               is
               my
               Will
               that
               
                 Molo
                 ,
                 Cymo
              
               ,
               and
               Parmeno
               be
               forthwith
               set
               at
               Liberty
               .
               As
               for
               Manes
               and
               Callias
               ,
               I
               will
               not
               have
               them
               enfranchized
               till
               they
               have
               laboured
               four
               years
               longer
               in
               the
               Garden
               ,
               so
               that
               there
               be
               no
               fault
               found
               with
               their
               Labour
               and
               Diligence
               :
               but
               then
               let
               them
               have
               their
               Freedom
               .
               Let
               my
               houshold
               Goods
               be
               appraised
               ,
               and
               sold
               for
               the
               Benefit
               of
               those
               to
               whom
               I
               have
               bequeathed
               them
               ,
               with
               this
               proviso
               ,
               That
               Pompylus
               may
               have
               enough
               for
               his
               own
               use
               ,
               as
               the
               Executors
               shall
               think
               reasonable
               .
               I
               give
               Cano
               to
               Demotimus
               ,
               and
               Donax
               to
               Neleus
               .
               As
               for
               
                 E●bius
                 ▪
              
               I
               would
               have
               him
               sold
               ,
               and
               that
               Hipparchus
               give
               three
               thousand
               Drachma's
               to
               Callio
               .
               Had
               I
               not
               a
               respect
               for
               Hipparchus
               ,
               as
               to
               a
               Man
               to
               whom
               I
               have
               been
               greatly
               beholding
               ,
               and
               who
               is
               now
               perplexed
               in
               business
               of
               his
               own
               ,
               I
               had
               joyned
               him
               with
               Melantus
               and
               Pancreon
               in
               the
               Execution
               of
               this
               my
               Will.
               But
               I
               thought
               it
               better
               to
               assign
               a
               sum
               of
               Money
               upon
               Hipparchus
               ,
               than
               to
               put
               him
               to
               that
               trouble
               .
               Therefore
               let
               Hipparchus
               pay
               Melantus
               and
               Pancreon
               two
               Talents
               each
               ;
               being
               
               also
               bound
               by
               that
               means
               to
               furnish
               the
               ●●d
               Executors
               ,
               as
               occasion
               shall
               require
               ,
               with
               Money
               to
               defray
               the
               Expences
               in
               Execution
               of
               this
               my
               last
               Will
               and
               Testament
               .
               Which
               being
               done
               ,
               I
               discharge
               him
               from
               all
               farther
               trouble
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               Covenants
               and
               Articles
               between
               us
               .
               Moreover
               my
               will
               is
               ▪
               That
               all
               the
               Profit
               which
               Hipparchus
               receives
               from
               Chalcis
               in
               my
               Name
               ,
               shall
               be
               entirely
               his
               own
               .
               Now
               for
               the
               Executors
               whom
               I
               desire
               to
               be
               Executors
               of
               this
               my
               last
               Will
               ,
               let
               them
               be
               Hipparchus
               first
               ,
               then
               
                 Neleus
                 ,
                 Strato
                 ,
                 Callio
                 ,
                 Demotimus
                 ,
                 Callisthenes
              
               and
               Cresarchus
               .
            
             
               This
               was
               
               Theophrastus's
               Will
               ,
               of
               which
               a
               Copy
               being
               sealed
               with
               his
               Seal
               ,
               was
               put
               into
               the
               hands
               of
               Hegesias
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Hipparchus
               ,
               Witnesses
               to
               it
               were
               Calippus
               the
               
                 Pelanean
                 ,
                 Philomelus
                 Euonymus
                 ,
                 Lysander
                 ▪
                 Hybeus
                 ,
              
               and
               Philo
               of
               Alopeca
               .
            
             
               Olympiodorus
               also
               received
               another
               Duplicate
               of
               the
               same
               Will
               ,
               in
               the
               presence
               of
               the
               same
               Witnesse●…
               Adimanthes
               another
               from
               Andrusthenes
               his
               Son
               ,
               to
               which
               were
               other
               Witnesses
               ,
               Acimuestes
               the
               Son
               of
               
                 Cleobulus
                 ,
                 Lysistratus
              
               the
               Son
               of
               Phido
               the
               
                 Thrasian
                 ,
                 Strato
              
               the
               Son
               of
               Arcesilaus
               of
               
                 Lampsacum
                 ,
                 Thesippus
              
               the
               Son
               of
               Thesippus
               one
               of
               the
               Potters
               ;
               and
               Dioscorides
               
               the
               Son
               of
               Dionysius
               the
               E●icop●…
               .
            
             
               Some
               there
               are
               who
               affirm
               .
               That
               Er●…stratus
               the
               Physician
               was
               one
               of
               his
               Hearers
               ;
               which
               I
               will
               not
               contradict
               .
               However
               Strato
               succeeded
               him
               in
               his
               School
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               STRATO
               .
            
             
               STRATO
               ,
               of
               whom
               Theophrastus
               makes
               mention
               in
               his
               Will
               ,
               was
               a
               Native
               of
               Lampsacum
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               one
               Arcesilaus
               ;
               a
               Man
               certainly
               of
               great
               Eloquence
               ,
               and
               who
               formerly
               assum'd
               the
               Title
               of
               a
               Physician
               ;
               as
               being
               by
               reason
               of
               his
               great
               Industry
               superiour
               to
               other
               in
               those
               kinds
               of
               Speculations
               .
               But
               among
               other
               Employments
               that
               he
               had
               ,
               he
               was
               tutour
               to
               
                 Ptolomy
                 Philadelphus
              
               ;
               from
               whom
               they
               say
               he
               received
               a
               present
               of
               four
               and
               twenty
               Talents
               .
            
             
               He
               began
               to
               precide
               in
               the
               forementioned
               School
               ,
               as
               Ap●ll●derus
               testifies
               in
               his
               Chronicles
               ,
               in
               the
               hundred
               thirty
               third
               Olympiad
               ,
               and
               held
               it
               eighteen
               years
               .
            
             
               He
               wrote
               several
               Volumes
               ,
               of
               which
               these
               were
               the
               chiefest
               :
               An
               Extract
               of
               Royal
               Philosophy
               ;
               three
               Books
               of
               Enthusiasm
               ;
               of
               Causes
               ;
               of
               Vacuum
               ;
               of
               Time
               ;
               
               of
               Light
               and
               Heavy
               ;
               of
               the
               Heaven
               ;
               of
               the
               Generation
               of
               Animals
               ;
               of
               Coition
               ;
               of
               the
               Faculties
               ;
               of
               the
               Wit
               ;
               of
               Growth
               and
               Nourishment
               ;
               of
               Dreams
               ;
               of
               the
               Sight
               ;
               of
               Colds
               ;
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               Man
               ;
               of
               Sickness
               ;
               of
               Crises's
               ;
               of
               Hunger
               ;
               of
               dimness
               of
               Sight
               ;
               of
               Animals
               whose
               Original
               was
               uncertain
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Discourse
              
               .
               Of
               Accident
               ;
               of
               more
               and
               less
               ;
               of
               Antecedent
               and
               Consequent
               ;
               of
               a
               Definition
               ;
               of
               the
               Principles
               of
               Places
               ;
               some
               Solutions
               of
               Doubts
               .
            
             
               
                 As
                 to
                 Manners
              
               .
               Of
               Felicity
               ;
               three
               Books
               of
               Good
               ;
               of
               Pleasure
               ;
               of
               Strength
               ;
               three
               of
               Justice
               ;
               and
               a
               single
               Tract
               of
               Injustice
               .
            
             
               
                 As
                 to
                 Civils
              
               .
               Three
               Books
               of
               a
               Kingdom
               ;
               two
               or
               three
               of
               a
               Magistrate
               ;
               A
               Tract
               of
               Judgments
               ;
               another
               of
               Metallic
               Engines
               .
               He
               also
               wrote
               some
               Lives
               ,
               and
               some
               Commentaries
               :
               but
               it
               is
               questioned
               whether
               they
               were
               his
               or
               no.
               
            
             
               There
               are
               also
               extant
               about
               450
               of
               his
               Epistles
               that
               begin
               ,
               
                 Strato
                 to
                 Arsinoe
                 ,
                 Health
              
               .
            
             
               He
               is
               reported
               to
               have
               been
               of
               so
               thin
               and
               exhausted
               a
               Constitution
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               not
               sensible
               of
               his
               Death
               ,
               as
               we
               have
               described
               him
               in
               the
               following
               Epigram
               .
               
                 
                 
                   At
                   length
                   reduced
                   to
                   Skin
                   and
                   Bone
                   ,
                
                 
                   Strato
                   was
                   quite
                   transparent
                   grown
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Candle
                   set
                   in
                   Mouth
                   upright
                
                 
                   Would
                   through
                   his
                   Cheeks
                   have
                   giv'n
                   ye
                   light
                   .
                
                 
                   His
                   Soul
                   perceived
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   afraid
                
                 
                   Of
                   catching
                   cold
                   ,
                   so
                   thinly
                   clad
                   ,
                
                 
                   Away
                   she
                   stole
                   ,
                   as
                   Nurses
                   creep
                
                 
                   From
                   Beds
                   of
                   sick
                   Men
                   ,
                   when
                   asleep
                   ;
                
                 
                   Or
                   as
                   they
                   steal
                   from
                   drinking
                   Trade
                
                 
                   That
                   leave
                   the
                   Reckoning
                   to
                   be
                   paid
                   ;
                
                 
                   So
                   parted
                   Strato
                   and
                   his
                   Soul
                   ,
                
                 
                   For
                   whom
                   all
                   Athens
                   did
                   condole
                   .
                
              
            
             
               We
               meet
               with
               eight
               
               Strato's
               in
               all
               among
               the
               Writings
               of
               other
               Authors
               .
               The
               first
               ,
               a
               hearer
               of
               Isocrates
               .
               The
               second
               our
               Philosopher
               himself
               .
               The
               third
               a
               Physician
               ,
               the
               Disciple
               ,
               or
               as
               others
               say
               ,
               the
               Foster-Child
               of
               Erasistratus
               .
               The
               fourth
               was
               a
               Historian
               ,
               who
               wrote
               the
               Wars
               of
               Philip
               and
               Perseus
               ,
               who
               headed
               two
               Armies
               against
               the
               Romans
               .
               The
               sixth
               a
               writer
               of
               Epigrams
               .
               The
               seventh
               an
               Ancient
               Physician
               as
               Aristotle
               testifies
               .
               The
               eighth
               a
               Peripapetic
               ,
               who
               lived
               in
               Alexandra
               .
            
             
               His
               Will
               is
               also
               Extant
               in
               this
               Form.
               Seeing
               that
               according
               to
               the
               Frail
               Condition
               of
               other
               Men
               ,
               I
               must
               be
               laid
               in
               my
               Grave
               ,
               I
               dispose
               before
               my
               Death
               of
               my
               Affairs
               .
               First
               my
               Will
               is
               ,
               that
               Lampyrion
               
               and
               Arcesilaus
               ,
               be
               possessors
               of
               all
               that
               I
               have
               in
               my
               House
               .
               Moreover
               I
               assign
               the
               Expence
               of
               my
               Funeral
               upon
               the
               Money
               ,
               which
               I
               have
               lying
               at
               Athens
               ,
               charging
               my
               Executors
               that
               it
               be
               performed
               with
               all
               solemn
               Decency
               imaginable
               ,
               but
               not
               superfluous
               .
               My
               Executors
               shall
               be
               
                 Olympicus
                 ,
                 Aristides
                 ,
                 Mnesigenes
                 ,
                 Hippocrates
                 ,
                 Epicrates
                 ,
                 Gorgylus
                 ,
                 Diocles
                 ,
                 Lyco
                 ,
              
               and
               Athanes
               .
               I
               leave
               Lyco
               Head
               of
               the
               School
               ,
               as
               being
               not
               so
               full
               of
               business
               as
               the
               rest
               ;
               besides
               that
               he
               has
               a
               Body
               able
               enough
               to
               undergo
               the
               Trouble
               .
               I
               also
               leave
               him
               all
               my
               Books
               ,
               except
               those
               that
               I
               have
               written
               my self
               ,
               with
               all
               the
               Vessels
               ,
               Pots
               ,
               and
               Carpets
               which
               I
               made
               use
               of
               when
               I
               entertained
               my
               Friends
               .
               My
               Will
               also
               is
               ,
               That
               my
               Executors
               shall
               give
               to
               Epicrates
               ,
               five
               hundred
               
               Drachma's
               and
               a
               Boy
               ;
               such
               a
               one
               as
               Arcesilaus
               shall
               judge
               most
               convenient
               .
               Moreover
               my
               Will
               is
               ,
               That
               Lampyrion
               and
               Arcesilaus
               shall
               cancel
               the
               Bonds
               which
               Daippus
               made
               for
               Hireus
               ,
               that
               he
               may
               be
               discharged
               from
               them
               and
               their
               Heirs
               ,
               of
               all
               dues
               and
               demands
               whatever
               .
               And
               in
               regard
               of
               the
               Kindnesses
               and
               Benefits
               which
               we
               have
               received
               from
               him
               ,
               We
               order
               our
               Executors
               to
               pay
               him
               five
               hundred
               
               Drachma's
               and
               a
               Boy
               ,
               such
               a
               one
               as
               Arcesilans
               shall
               think
               fit
               ,
               that
               he
               may
               live
               handsomly
               .
               
               I
               set
               free
               
                 Diophantes
                 ,
                 Dioctes
                 ,
                 Ab●●
              
               and
               Dromo
               :
               but
               as
               for
               Simmias
               ,
               I
               leave
               him
               to
               Arcesilans
               .
               It
               is
               also
               my
               Will
               ,
               that
               till
               .
               Arcesilaus
               shall
               return
               ,
               that
               Hir●●
               shall
               give
               up
               his
               Accompts
               to
               Olympicus
               ,
               in
               the
               presence
               of
               Epicrates
               and
               the
               Re●●
               of
               the
               Executors
               ,
               deducting
               my
               Funeral
               Expences
               ,
               and
               other
               necessary
               Ceremonies
               .
               As
               for
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Money
               remaining
               after
               the
               stating
               of
               the
               Accompts
               in
               the
               hands
               of
               Olympicus
               ,
               let
               Arcesilaus
               take
               it
               to
               his
               own
               use
               ,
               exacting
               nothing
               from
               him
               for
               Time
               or
               interest
               .
               Lastly
               ,
               I
               desire
               Arcesilaus
               to
               cancel
               the
               Writings
               between
               me
               and
               Amimas
               ,
               and
               the
               said
               Olympicus
               ,
               which
               lye
               in
               the
               hands
               of
               Philocrates
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Tisame●es
               .
               And
               the
               let
               them
               make
               me
               such
               a
               Monument
               ●●
               
                 Arcesilaus
                 ,
                 Olympicus
              
               and
               Lyco
               shall
               thi●●●
               fitting
               .
               Thus
               you
               may
               see
               by
               what
               we
               have
               already
               said
               ,
               he
               was
               a
               person
               of
               Note
               and
               for
               the
               Beauty
               ,
               Variety
               and
               Grace
               of
               his
               discourse
               ,
               worthy
               the
               Admiration
               of
               Posterity
               .
               Nevertheless
               he
               was
               more
               addicted
               to
               the
               Study
               of
               the
               Natural
               Sciences
               than
               any
               other
               ,
               as
               being
               the
               most
               Ancient
               ,
               and
               that
               wherein
               the
               Greatest
               Wits
               had
               exercised
               their
               Ingenuities
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               LYCO
               .
            
             
               LYCO
               the
               Son
               of
               Astyanax
               of
               Troas
               ,
               was
               a
               person
               of
               great
               Eloquence
               ,
               and
               one
               that
               was
               every
               way
               fit
               to
               form
               and
               fashion
               the
               manners
               of
               young
               Men
               ;
               for
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               That
               Shame
               and
               Praise
               were
               as
               requisite
               for
               Youth
               ,
               as
               the
               Bridle
               and
               Spur
               for
               Horses
               .
            
             
               You
               may
               understand
               by
               some
               Touches
               ,
               what
               a
               great
               Person
               he
               was
               ,
               whether
               it
               were
               for
               Discourse
               ,
               or
               for
               the
               Interpretation
               of
               his
               own
               Conceptions
               .
               For
               happening
               to
               speak
               of
               a
               Poor
               Virgin
               ,
               he
               said
               thus
               ,
               
                 That
                 a
                 Poor
                 Virgin
                 who
                 being
                 arriv'd
                 to
                 ripe
                 .
                 Years
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Flower
                 of
                 her
                 Age
                 ,
                 ●●d
                 lies
                 at
                 home
                 in
                 her
                 Fathers
                 House
                 ,
                 for
                 ●●●●
                 of
                 a
                 Portion
                 to
                 marry
                 her
                 ,
                 is
                 an
                 intolerable
                 Burthen
                 .
              
               And
               therefore
               t
               is
               reported
               that
               Antigonus
               speaking
               of
               him
               ,
               compared
               the
               Nature
               of
               Men
               to
               the
               Nature
               of
               Pears
               ,
               saying
               that
               it
               was
               impossible
               to
               transport
               the
               Beauty
               and
               sweet
               Scent
               of
               one
               Pear
               into
               another
               ,
               or
               to
               exchange
               the
               Graces
               of
               this
               ,
               for
               the
               Endowments
               of
               that
               Man.
               And
               therefore
               in
               my
               Opinion
               we
               must
               seek
               for
               the
               true
               faculty
               of
               well
               expressing
               every
               thing
               ,
               in
               several
               
               Men
               ,
               as
               we
               do
               for
               the
               sweetness
               and
               goodness
               of
               Pears
               ,
               not
               all
               from
               one
               Tree
               ▪
               Which
               was
               the
               Reason
               that
               some
               Men
               considering
               the
               sweetness
               of
               his
               Discourse
               ,
               put
               a
               G
               before
               the
               L
               ,
               and
               called
               him
               Glyco
               ,
               which
               signifies
               :
               as
               much
               ▪
               ●
               sweet
               .
               Besides
               he
               was
               a
               Man
               that
               alwa●●
               wrote
               different
               from
               himself
               ;
               such
               a
               Plenty
               of
               words
               he
               had
               at
               his
               command
               .
            
             
               He
               often
               laught
               at
               those
               that
               repented
               themselves
               ,
               for
               having
               idl'd
               away
               the●e
               Youth
               ,
               without
               ever
               learning
               or
               improving
               their
               knowledge
               ,
               with
               a
               Resolution
               by
               their
               diligence
               for
               the
               future
               ,
               to
               repair
               the
               losses
               of
               their
               miss-spent
               time
               .
               For
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 They
                 go
                 about
                 a
                 thing
                 which
                 is
                 almost
                 impossible
                 :
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 one
                 had
                 too
                 late
                 repented
                 their
                 folly
                 ,
                 to
                 think
                 by
                 wishes
                 to
                 repair
                 the
                 defects
                 of
                 their
                 Negligence
                 :
                 and
                 they
                 that
                 betook
                 themselves
                 to
                 Study
                 in
                 their
                 old
                 Age
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 quite
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 wits
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 were
                 next
                 door
                 by
                 ;
                 and
                 resembled
                 those
                 that
                 sought
                 to
                 see
                 their
                 faces
                 i●
                 troubl'd
                 Waters
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 find
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 a
                 Right
                 in
                 a
                 Crooked
                 Line
                 .
              
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               
                 There
                 were
                 many
                 that
                 strove
                 to
                 out-doe
                 one
                 another
                 at
                 pleading
                 and
                 wrangling
                 ,
                 but
                 few
                 that
                 ventur'd
                 for
                 the
                 Olympic
                 Crown
                 .
              
               And
               as
               for
               his
               Counsels
               ,
               the
               Athenians
               found
               Benefit
               of
               'em
               ,
               more
               than
               once
               or
               twice
               .
            
             
             
               There
               was
               never
               any
               Man
               more
               neat
               and
               curious
               in
               his
               Apparel
               than
               himself
               .
               For
               as
               Hermippus
               reports
               ,
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               wear
               the
               most
               fashionable
               and
               the
               richest
               Stuffs
               he
               could
               buy
               ;
               so
               that
               his
               Effeminacy
               in
               that
               particular
               was
               almost
               Incredible
               .
               However
               he
               was
               very
               much
               given
               to
               Exercise
               ,
               and
               preferred
               Wrestling
               before
               all
               others
               :
               by
               which
               means
               he
               was
               very
               strong
               ,
               vigorous
               ,
               and
               lusty
               .
               Antigonus
               the
               Carystian
               reports
               ,
               that
               in
               his
               younger
               days
               he
               was
               very
               feeble
               and
               tender
               of
               Body
               .
               But
               having
               Convenience
               in
               his
               Country
               of
               Wrestling
               ,
               and
               hurling
               the
               Ball
               ,
               he
               omitted
               no
               means
               that
               might
               render
               a
               Man
               active
               and
               lusty
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               always
               welcome
               to
               Attalus
               and
               Eumenes
               ,
               who
               with
               some
               few
               others
               held
               him
               in
               high
               Esteem
               ,
               and
               many
               times
               gave
               him
               signal
               Testimonies
               of
               their
               Royal
               Munificence
               .
               Antigonus
               laboured
               by
               all
               ways
               imaginable
               to
               have
               had
               him
               in
               his
               House
               ;
               but
               all
               his
               Hopes
               and
               Contrivances
               fail'd
               him
               .
               But
               he
               had
               such
               an
               Antipathy
               against
               Jerome
               the
               Peripatetic
               ,
               that
               he
               of
               all
               the
               Philosophers
               was
               the
               only
               Person
               who
               absented
               himself
               from
               the
               annual
               Solemnity
               to
               which
               they
               were
               invited
               ,
               because
               he
               would
               not
               come
               into
               his
               Enemies
               Company
               .
               He
               governed
               the
               School
               forty
               two
               years
               from
               the
               day
               
               that
               Lyco
               surrendered
               up
               the
               Employment
               to
               him
               ,
               by
               his
               Will
               ,
               which
               was
               in
               the
               Hundred
               twenty
               seventh
               Olympiad
               ▪
               Nor
               must
               I
               here
               forget
               to
               tell
               you
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               a
               hearer
               of
               Panthoedes
               the
               Logician
               .
            
             
               He
               died
               in
               the
               Seventy
               fourth
               year
               of
               his
               Age
               ,
               being
               strangely
               tormented
               with
               the
               Gout
               ;
               as
               we
               have
               describ'd
               him
               in
               the
               following
               Epigram
               .
               
                 
                   Fettered
                   in
                   Oily
                   Rag
                   and
                   Clo●t
                   ,
                
                 
                   Lyco
                   long
                   lay
                   ▪
                   tormented
                   with
                   the
                   Gout
                   ;
                
                 
                   Till
                   Death
                   his
                   Pain
                   to
                   ease
                   ,
                
                 
                   Cur'd
                   him
                   at
                   once
                   of
                   Life
                   and
                   his
                   Disease
                
                 
                   But
                   here
                   's
                   the
                   Wonder
                   ;
                
                 
                   He
                   that
                   alive
                   could
                   hardly
                   Crawl
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   still
                   in
                   danger
                   of
                   a
                   Fall
                   ;
                
                 
                   When
                   dead
                   and
                   stiff
                   ,
                   ne'e
                   stood
                   to
                   blunder
                   ▪
                
                 
                   But
                   in
                   the
                   twinkling
                   of
                   an
                   Eye
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   Pluto's
                   Mansions
                   in
                   a
                   Night
                   could
                   fly
                   ▪
                
              
            
             
               There
               were
               also
               several
               other
               Lyco's
               .
               The
               first
               a
               Pythagorean
               :
               the
               second
               himself
               :
               the
               third
               a
               Writer
               of
               Verses
               ;
               and
               the
               fourth
               a
               Maker
               of
               Epigrams
               .
            
             
               We
               have
               also
               recovered
               his
               last
               Will
               ,
               after
               much
               toil
               and
               diligent
               Search
               ▪
               which
               was
               to
               this
               Effect
               .
               My
               Will
               is
               ,
               if
               
               I
               cannot
               overcome
               the
               force
               of
               my
               present
               Distemper
               ,
               that
               my
               Estate
               shall
               be
               disposed
               as
               I
               hereby
               ordain
               .
               First
               ,
               I
               give
               to
               Astyanax
               and
               Lyco
               ,
               my
               two
               Nephews
               ,
               all
               the
               Goods
               in
               my
               House
               ;
               unless
               what
               I
               have
               borrowed
               or
               taken
               upon
               Mortgage
               in
               Athens
               ,
               and
               what
               shall
               be
               expended
               upon
               the
               Solemnities
               of
               my
               Funeral
               .
               As
               for
               what
               I
               have
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               at
               Aegina
               ,
               I
               give
               it
               particularly
               to
               Lyco
               ,
               because
               he
               bears
               my
               Name
               ,
               and
               because
               we
               have
               liv'd
               long
               in
               great
               Friendship
               together
               ,
               as
               it
               was
               his
               duty
               to
               do
               ,
               because
               I
               have
               always
               looked
               upon
               him
               as
               my
               Son.
               I
               ●
               leave
               my
               walking
               place
               to
               my
               Friends
               and
               Familiars
               ,
               
                 Bulo
                 ,
                 Callio
                 ,
                 Aristo
                 ,
                 Amphio
                 ,
                 Lyco
                 ,
                 Pytho
                 ,
                 Aristomachus
                 ,
                 Heroclius
                 ,
                 Lycomedes
                 ,
              
               and
               to
               Lyco
               before-mentioned
               ,
               my
               Brothers
               Son.
               Moreover
               I
               desire
               Bulo
               and
               Callio
               ,
               and
               my
               other
               Friends
               to
               take
               Care
               that
               there
               be
               no
               want
               ,
               nor
               superfluity
               at
               my
               Funeral
               .
               As
               for
               my
               part
               in
               Aegina
               ,
               let
               Lyco
               see
               it
               distributed
               after
               my
               Decease
               to
               the
               Youngmen
               to
               buy
               'em
               Oil
               for
               their
               Exercises
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               may
               have
               an
               occasion
               to
               remember
               their
               Benefactor
               .
               I
               would
               have
               him
               advise
               with
               Diophantes
               ,
               and
               Heraclides
               the
               Son
               of
               Demetrius
               ,
               where
               to
               set
               up
               my
               Statue
               .
               As
               for
               my
               Estate
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               I
               desire
               Lyco
               to
               pay
               every
               Man
               his
               due
               ,
               and
               what
               
               Bulo
               and
               Callio
               shall
               have
               laid
               out
               upon
               my
               Funeral
               ;
               but
               for
               that
               Money
               let
               him
               charge
               it
               upon
               my
               Houshold
               Goods
               .
               Let
               him
               satisfy
               my
               Physicians
               ,
               Pasithemis
               and
               Midas
               ,
               Persons
               highly
               deserving
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               great
               Skill
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               pains
               they
               took
               about
               me
               in
               my
               Sickness
               .
               I
               give
               to
               
               Callinus's
               Son
               ,
               two
               fair
               Cups
               ,
               and
               to
               his
               Wife
               two
               pretious
               Stones
               ,
               and
               two
               Carpets
               ,
               the
               one
               Shagged
               ,
               the
               other
               smooth
               ;
               a
               Jacket
               and
               two
               Pillows
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               see
               we
               have
               not
               forgot
               'em
               ,
               as
               far
               as
               it
               stood
               with
               our
               Honour
               .
               I
               forgive
               Demetrins
               ,
               made
               free
               long
               since
               ,
               the
               Price
               of
               his
               Redemption
               ,
               and
               order
               him
               a
               Legacy
               of
               four
               Mina's
               beside
               .
               I
               give
               Micros
               his
               Freedom
               ,
               and
               recommend
               him
               to
               Lyco
               to
               instruct
               him
               for
               six
               Years
               .
               I
               also
               give
               Chares
               his
               Freedom
               ,
               and
               order
               him
               his
               Being
               with
               Lyco
               ,
               two
               Mina's
               in
               Silver
               ,
               and
               all
               the
               rest
               of
               my
               Books
               ,
               except
               those
               which
               I
               never
               yet
               made
               publick
               ,
               which
               I
               recommend
               to
               Callinus
               to
               publish
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               let
               Syrus
               my
               free'd
               Man
               have
               four
               Mina's
               ,
               and
               Menodora
               for
               his
               Servant-Maid
               ,
               and
               if
               he
               owe
               me
               any
               more
               I
               freely
               discharge
               him
               .
               I
               give
               also
               five
               Mina's
               to
               Hilaras
               ,
               a
               s●●ag
               Carpet
               ,
               two
               Pillows
               ,
               a
               figur'd
               Coverlet
               ,
               and
               a
               Bed
               ,
               such
               a
               one
               as
               she
               shall
               make
               choice
               of
               .
            
             
             
               I
               also
               enfranchise
               the
               Mother
               of
               
                 Micros
                 ,
                 Noemo
                 ,
                 Dio
                 ,
                 The●
                 ,
                 Euphrano
              
               and
               Hermyas
               .
               As
               for
               Agatho
               ,
               I
               do
               not
               think
               it
               fit
               that
               he
               have
               his
               Freedom
               these
               two
               Years
               .
               And
               as
               for
               my
               Litter-Carriers
               ,
               Ophelio
               ,
               and
               Possidonius
               ,
               let
               them
               stay
               four
               Years
               longer
               before
               they
               be
               set
               at
               Liberty
               .
               Moreover
               my
               Will
               is
               ,
               That
               
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 Crito
              
               ,
               and
               Syrus
               have
               each
               of
               them
               a
               Bed
               ,
               and
               one
               of
               my
               old
               Suits
               ,
               such
               as
               Lyco
               shall
               think
               most
               Convenient
               .
               As
               for
               the
               place
               of
               my
               Burial
               ,
               let
               Lyco
               consider
               whether
               he
               will
               bury
               me
               here
               ,
               or
               in
               my
               House
               ;
               for
               I
               am
               assur'd
               that
               he
               knows
               what
               is
               decent
               and
               comely
               as
               well
               as
               my self
               .
               And
               thus
               let
               him
               execute
               the
               Contents
               of
               my
               Will
               ,
               and
               all
               the
               rest
               is
               his
               own
               .
               The
               witnesses
               to
               this
               Will
               ,
               were
               Callinus
               the
               
                 Hermionean
                 ,
                 Aristo
              
               of
               Chios
               ,
               and
               Euphronius
               the
               Peanian
               .
            
             
               He
               shewed
               himself
               in
               all
               his
               Actions
               that
               appertained
               either
               to
               Learning
               or
               the
               Study
               of
               Human
               Things
               ,
               so
               wise
               ,
               that
               his
               Prudence
               did
               not
               only
               extend
               it self
               to
               what
               was
               before
               his
               Eyes
               ,
               but
               also
               to
               provide
               so
               well
               by
               his
               Will
               for
               all
               his
               Affairs
               ,
               that
               he
               deserves
               to
               be
               a
               Pattern
               for
               every
               one
               to
               imitate
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               DEMETRIVS
            
             
               DEMETRIVS
               the
               Son
               of
               Ph●nostratus
               was
               a
               Native
               of
               Phalera
               ,
               and
               Hearer
               of
               Theophrastus
               .
               But
               being
               a
               great
               pleader
               of
               Causes
               at
               
                 Atheni
                 ▪
              
               he
               got
               into
               that
               Credit
               by
               means
               of
               his
               Parts
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               called
               to
               the
               Government
               of
               the
               City
               ;
               where
               he
               continued
               in
               the
               first
               rank
               of
               Dignity
               for
               ten
               whole
               Years
               ,
               during
               which
               time
               ,
               there
               were
               erected
               three
               Hundred
               and
               sixty
               Statues
               in
               his
               Honour
               ,
               the
               most
               part
               of
               which
               were
               on
               Horseback
               ,
               or
               drawn
               by
               Chariots
               ,
               with
               two
               Horses
               a-breast
               ,
               and
               all
               finished
               in
               ten
               Months
               .
            
             
               He
               began
               to
               be
               engag'd
               in
               publick
               Business
               ,
               as
               Demetrius
               the
               Magnesian
               testifies
               in
               his
               Equivocals
               ,
               at
               what
               time
               Harpalus
               came
               to
               Athens
               ,
               flying
               the
               sight
               of
               Alexander
               .
               He
               discharged
               the
               Trust
               reposed
               in
               him
               to
               a
               wonder
               ,
               and
               held
               it
               a
               long
               time
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               advantage
               of
               his
               Fellow-Citizens
               .
               For
               tho'
               at
               the
               beginning
               of
               his
               Government
               ,
               he
               was
               not
               overmuch
               advanced
               in
               Honour
               and
               Wealth
               ,
               however
               he
               left
               his
               City
               much
               w●●lthier
               
               in
               Revenue
               ,
               and
               adorned
               ▪
               with
               sumptuous
               Buildings
               .
               He
               was
               descended
               ,
               as
               Phavorinus
               reports
               ,
               from
               one
               of
               the
               most
               noble
               Families
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               from
               that
               of
               the
               Canons
               ,
               and
               as
               the
               same
               Author
               asserts
               in
               the
               second
               of
               his
               Commentaries
               ,
               he
               had
               a
               she
               Friend
               ,
               whose
               name
               was
               Lamia
               ,
               that
               was
               at
               his
               Service
               ;
               but
               that
               he
               had
               suffered
               under
               Cleo
               ,
               that
               which
               was
               neither
               for
               his
               ▪
               Honour
               nor
               Modesty
               .
            
             
               Moreover
               Didymus
               recounts
               ,
               that
               a
               certain
               Curtezan
               called
               him
               Charito-Ble●●arus
               ,
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               Charmer
               of
               Ladies
               ,
               and
               that
               another
               called
               him
               ▪
               
                 Lampetes
                 ▪
              
               as
               a
               great
               boaster
               of
               his
               Abilities
               to
               please
               Women
               .
               'T
               is
               reported
               that
               he
               fell
               blind
               at
               Alexandria
               ;
               but
               that
               Serapis
               restor'd
               him
               his
               Sight
               ,
               in
               praise
               of
               whom
               he
               wrote
               several
               Hymns
               ,
               such
               as
               they
               sing
               now
               at
               this
               time
               .
            
             
               However
               being
               in
               so
               much
               Credit
               among
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               he
               could
               not
               avoid
               the
               assaults
               of
               Envy
               ,
               to
               which
               all
               Men
               in
               high
               Degree
               are
               obnoxious
               .
               So
               that
               after
               he
               had
               escaped
               the
               Snares
               of
               some
               of
               his
               Maligners
               ,
               he
               was
               at
               length
               in
               his
               absence
               condemned
               to
               Death
               .
               Nevertheless
               as
               Providence
               had
               ordered
               it
               ,
               they
               could
               not
               seize
               his
               Person
               ,
               and
               therefore
               like
               Madmen
               exercised
               their
               Rage
               upon
               
               his
               Statues
               ,
               some
               of
               which
               they
               threw
               in
               the
               Dirt
               ,
               sold
               others
               ,
               and
               buried
               several
               in
               the
               Sea
               ,
               besides
               a
               great
               number
               that
               were
               broken
               and
               spoil'd
               ,
               except
               one
               that
               was
               overlooked
               in
               the
               Castle
               .
            
             
               This
               the
               Athenians
               did
               by
               the
               Command
               of
               King
               Demetrius
               ,
               as
               Phavorinus
               testifies
               in
               his
               various
               History
               .
               Nor
               was
               this
               all
               ▪
               for
               us
               the
               same
               Phavorinus
               relates
               ,
               they
               accused
               him
               of
               Irreligion
               in
               the
               Administration
               of
               the
               Government
               .
            
             
               Moreover
               Hermippus
               relates
               ,
               that
               he
               withdrew
               himself
               ,
               after
               Cassander
               was
               put
               to
               Death
               ,
               and
               sheltered
               himself
               with
               
                 Ptolemy
                 Soter
              
               for
               fear
               of
               Antigonus
               ;
               and
               that
               after
               he
               had
               continued
               there
               a
               long
               time
               ,
               he
               advised
               the
               King
               among
               other
               things
               to
               declare
               his
               Children
               ,
               by
               his
               Wife
               ●●rydice
               ,
               his
               Successors
               ;
               but
               the
               King
               rejecting
               his
               Counsel
               ,
               bequeath'd
               his
               Diadem
               to
               a
               Son
               that
               he
               had
               by
               Berenice
               ;
               which
               was
               the
               Reason
               ,
               that
               after
               his
               Fathers
               Death
               ,
               he
               kept
               Demetrius
               close
               in
               the
               Province
               ,
               where
               he
               spent
               the
               remainder
               of
               his
               days
               in
               a
               miserable
               Condition
               .
            
             
               He
               dyed
               as
               it
               were
               in
               his
               Sleep
               ,
               being
               bit
               in
               the
               hand
               by
               an
               Asp
               as
               he
               lay
               slumbring
               ,
               and
               was
               buried
               in
               the
               Province
               of
               Busiritis
               ,
               near
               Diospolis
               ,
               and
               we
               made
               him
               the
               following
               Epigram
               .
               
                 
                 
                   As
                   wise
                   Demetrius
                   slumbring
                   lay
                   ,
                
                 
                   An
                   Aspi●
                   to
                   his
                   Hand
                   made
                   way
                   :
                
                 
                   The
                   Venom
                   flew
                   :
                   and
                   thus
                   by
                   ●apping
                
                 
                   One
                   little
                   Vein
                   ,
                   Death
                   caught
                   him
                   napping
                   .
                
              
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               Counsel
               ,
               which
               he
               gave
               the
               King
               in
               his
               Epitome
               of
               the
               successions
               of
               Sotion
               ,
               it
               diverted
               Ptolemy
               from
               his
               design
               of
               leaving
               the
               Kingdom
               to
               Philadelphus
               ;
               upon
               this
               account
               ;
               for
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               If
               thou
               giv'st
               it
               the
               other
               ,
               thou
               wilt
               never
               enjoy
               it
               thy self
               .
               However
               it
               were
               ,
               this
               is
               certain
               ,
               that
               M●nand●r
               the
               Comic
               Poet
               was
               accused
               at
               Atheus
               upon
               this
               particular
               Point
               ,
               so
               that
               he
               narrowly
               escaped
               his
               being
               Condemned
               to
               Death
               ,
               for
               no
               other
               Reason
               ,
               but
               because
               he
               had
               been
               
               Demetrius's
               Friend
               .
               But
               Telesphorus
               ,
               Son
               in
               Law
               to
               Demetrius
               ,
               made
               it
               his
               Business
               to
               clear
               him
               of
               that
               Imputation
               .
            
             
               He
               exceeded
               in
               number
               of
               Books
               and
               Verses
               ,
               all
               the
               Peripatetics
               of
               his
               Age.
               Which
               Works
               of
               his
               were
               part
               Poetry
               ,
               part
               History
               ,
               partly
               of
               Government
               ,
               and
               partly
               concerning
               Rhetoric
               .
               To
               which
               we
               may
               add
               his
               Speeches
               and
               Orations
               ,
               as
               well
               at
               the
               Council-Table
               ,
               as
               when
               employed
               in
               foreign
               Embassies
               .
               To
               give
               ye
               then
               a
               Catalogue
               of
               his
               Writings
               ,
               They
               were
               these
               ;
               Five
               Books
               of
               Laws
               ;
               
               two
               of
               the
               Citizens
               of
               Athens
               ;
               one
               of
               Laws
               ;
               two
               of
               Rhetoric
               ;
               two
               of
               military
               Discipline
               ;
               two
               of
               the
               Iliads
               ;
               four
               of
               the
               Odysses
               ;
               one
               of
               a
               Republic
               ;
               one
               of
               an
               Employment
               for
               ten
               Years
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Ionians
               ;
               one
               of
               Embassies
               ;
               one
               of
               Fidelity
               ;
               one
               of
               Favour
               ;
               one
               of
               Fortune
               ;
               one
               of
               Magnificence
               ;
               one
               of
               Laws
               ;
               one
               of
               Marriage
               ;
               one
               of
               Obstacles
               ;
               one
               of
               Peace
               ;
               one
               of
               Studies
               ;
               one
               of
               time
               ;
               one
               of
               Antiphanes
               ;
               one
               of
               Time
               ;
               Topics
               one
               ;
               one
               of
               Sentences
               .
               Several
               others
               entituled
               
                 Medon
                 ,
                 Cleon
                 ,
                 Socrates
              
               ,
               Erotics
               .
               
                 Phaedonides
                 ,
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 Artaxerxes
                 ,
                 Aristomachus
                 .
              
               Homerics
               .
               
                 Aristides
                 ;
                 Exhortatorius
                 ;
                 Dionysius
              
               the
               Chalcidian
               ;
               the
               incursion
               of
               the
               Athenians
               ;
               the
               Proem
               of
               History
               ;
               the
               sworn
               Harangue
               ;
               Right
               .
               His
               Epistles
               making
               one
               Book
               :
               his
               Stile
               is
               Philosophical
               ,
               sometimes
               intermixed
               with
               Rhetorical
               vigour
               ,
               and
               force
               of
               Eloquence
               .
            
             
               Understanding
               that
               the
               Athenians
               had
               pulled
               down
               his
               Images
               :
               However
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               they
               have
               not
               overturned
               that
               Vertue
               for
               which
               they
               were
               set
               up
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               that
               the
               Eye-brows
               were
               Members
               ,
               which
               were
               not
               to
               be
               despised
               because
               of
               their
               smallness
               ;
               for
               that
               by
               them
               we
               might
               understand
               the
               whole
               course
               of
               our
               Lives
               ;
               that
               Riches
               were
               
               not
               only
               blind
               ,
               but
               Fortune
               their
               Mistress
               .
               That
               Eloquence
               had
               as
               much
               power
               in
               Republicks
               ,
               as
               the
               Sword
               in
               War.
               One
               day
               beholding
               a
               young
               Debauch
               ,
               that
               liv'd
               a
               desolute
               Life
               ;
               Look
               there
               said
               he
               ,
               a
               perfect
               Mercury
               ,
               with
               a
               Belly
               ,
               Beard
               ,
               and
               Privy-Parts
               .
               When
               he
               saw
               Men
               puffed
               up
               with
               Honour
               ,
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               That
               the
               growing
               height
               should
               be
               taken
               down
               ,
               and
               only
               the
               understanding
               left
               behind
               .
               He
               held
               it
               for
               a
               Maxim
               ,
               That
               young
               Men
               were
               to
               pay
               Reverence
               to
               their
               Parents
               at
               Home
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Streets
               ,
               and
               when
               they
               were
               alone
               ,
               to
               respect
               themselves
               .
               Moreover
               that
               it
               was
               not
               proper
               for
               a
               Man
               to
               visit
               his
               Friends
               in
               Prosperity
               ,
               without
               being
               called
               .
            
             
               We
               meet
               with
               twenty
               more
               of
               the
               same
               Name
               :
               all
               Persons
               of
               note
               ,
               and
               worthy
               to
               be
               remmembred
               .
               The
               first
               Orator
               of
               Chalcedon
               ;
               the
               second
               our
               Philosopher
               ;
               the
               third
               a
               Peripatetic
               of
               Constantinople
               ;
               the
               fourth
               sirnamed
               Graphicus
               ,
               a
               Person
               ready
               in
               Discourse
               ,
               and
               a
               Painter
               withal
               ;
               the
               fifth
               an
               Aspadian
               ,
               and
               Disciple
               of
               of
               Apollodorus
               the
               Solensian
               ;
               the
               sixth
               a
               Calatinian
               ,
               who
               wrote
               twenty
               Books
               of
               Asia
               and
               Europe
               ,
               and
               eight
               more
               of
               the
               acts
               of
               Antiochus
               and
               Ptolemy
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               Government
               of
               Africa
               ,
               
               under
               their
               Reigns
               ;
               the
               eighth
               a
               Sophister
               ,
               who
               wrote
               of
               the
               Art
               of
               Rhetoric
               ,
               while
               he
               lived
               at
               Alexandria
               ;
               the
               ninth
               a
               Grammarian
               of
               Adramytum
               ,
               Sirnam'd
               Ixion
               ,
               because
               he
               was
               thought
               to
               have
               put
               some
               affront
               upon
               Juno
               ;
               the
               tenth
               a
               Grammarian
               of
               Cyrene
               ,
               sirnamed
               Stannus
               ,
               a
               Person
               of
               great
               Reputation
               ;
               the
               eleventh
               a
               Sceptian
               ,
               rich
               ,
               noble
               ,
               and
               a
               Lover
               of
               all
               learned
               Men
               ,
               who
               left
               his
               Estate
               to
               Metrodorus
               ;
               the
               twelfth
               a
               Grammarian
               of
               Erythraea
               ,
               registred
               among
               the
               Citizens
               of
               Temna
               ;
               the
               thirteenth
               a
               Bithynian
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Diphylus
               a
               Stoic
               ,
               and
               Disciple
               of
               Panaetius
               the
               Rhodian
               ;
               the
               fourteenth
               an
               Orator
               of
               Smyrna
               .
               All
               these
               wrote
               in
               Prose
               .
            
             
               The
               Poets
               of
               this
               name
               :
               the
               first
               was
               a
               Comedian
               ,
               the
               second
               an
               Epic
               Poet
               ,
               of
               whose
               Writings
               we
               find
               nothing
               extant
               but
               these
               Verses
               against
               Envious
               Persons
               .
               
                 
                   The
                   Man
                   whom
                   lately
                   Envious
                   Fend
                
                 
                   So
                   hotly
                   to
                   the
                   Grave
                   pursu'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   How
                   do
                   they
                   now
                   his
                   Aid
                   implore
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   wrought
                   his
                   Bane
                   but
                   just
                   before
                   ;
                
                 
                   They
                   who
                   contemn'd
                   the
                   vigorous
                   Life
                   ,
                
                 
                   Are
                   for
                   the
                   Tombstone
                   now
                   at
                   strife
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   Man
                   was
                   scorn'd
                   ,
                   who
                   Shadows
                   claim'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   Potent
                   Cities
                   are
                   inflam'd
                   ;
                
                 
                   To
                   War
                   they
                   go
                   ,
                   and
                   slaughter
                   make
                   ,
                
                 
                   As
                   if
                   the
                   Idol
                   were
                   awake
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   saw
                   ,
                   well
                   pleased
                   ,
                   how
                   bloody
                   War
                
                 
                   Reveng'd
                   his
                   causless
                   Massacre
                   .
                
              
            
             
               The
               third
               of
               Trasus
               ,
               and
               a
               writer
               of
               Satyrs
               .
               The
               fourth
               ,
               a
               troublesome
               Scribler
               of
               Iambics
               .
               The
               fifth
               a
               Statuary
               ,
               of
               whom
               Polemo
               makes
               mention
               .
               The
               sixth
               and
               last
               an
               Erythraean
               ,
               both
               a
               Historian
               and
               a
               Rhetorician
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               HERACLIDES
               .
            
             
               HERACLIDES
               ,
               an
               Heracleote
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Euthyphron
               ,
               was
               a
               Person
               of
               a
               great
               Estate
               .
               He
               came
               from
               Pontus
               to
               Athens
               ,
               where
               he
               made
               it
               his
               Business
               to
               hear
               the
               Philosophers
               ,
               and
               among
               the
               rest
               Spensippus
               ,
               to
               whom
               he
               first
               became
               a
               Scholar
               ;
               after
               that
               he
               went
               among
               the
               Pythagoreans
               ,
               in
               imitation
               of
               Plato
               ;
               and
               lastly
               was
               a
               Hearer
               of
               Aristotle
               ,
               
               as
               Sotio
               testifies
               in
               his
               Book
               of
               Successions
               .
               He
               was
               very
               gorgeous
               in
               his
               Apparel
               .
               He
               was
               shaped
               squat
               ,
               and
               with
               his
               Belly
               strutting
               out
               ;
               so
               that
               they
               gave
               him
               the
               nickname
               of
               Pompic
               ,
               as
               one
               that
               made
               a
               great
               Show
               in
               the
               Streets
               ,
               instead
               of
               Pontic
               ;
               otherwise
               he
               was
               a
               Man
               grave
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               graceful
               Deportment
               .
            
             
               His
               Works
               also
               demonstrate
               the
               Excellency
               and
               soundness
               of
               his
               Judgment
               .
               And
               first
               his
               Dialogues
               about
               the
               institution
               of
               evil
               Manners
               and
               Behaviour
               :
               One
               of
               Justice
               ;
               one
               of
               Temperance
               ;
               one
               of
               Piety
               ;
               one
               of
               Strength
               ;
               one
               of
               Vertue
               ;
               one
               of
               Vertue
               so
               generally
               taken
               ;
               of
               Felicity
               ;
               of
               a
               Prince
               ;
               of
               Laws
               and
               things
               that
               are
               agreeable
               with
               them
               ;
               of
               Words
               ;
               of
               Bargains
               ;
               of
               forc'd
               Love
               ,
               otherwise
               entituled
               Clinias
               ;
               of
               the
               Understanding
               ;
               of
               the
               Soul
               ;
               of
               the
               Soul
               and
               Nature
               ;
               of
               Images
               ;
               against
               Democritus
               ;
               of
               Heaven
               ;
               of
               things
               in
               Hell
               ;
               two
               Books
               of
               Lives
               ;
               of
               the
               Causes
               of
               Sickness
               ;
               of
               Good
               ;
               against
               Leno
               ;
               against
               Metto
               ;
               of
               the
               age
               of
               Homer
               ,
               and
               Hesiod
               ,
               and
               Archilochus
               in
               two
               Books
               ;
               a
               tract
               of
               Music
               ;
               of
               things
               written
               by
               Sophocles
               and
               Euripides
               ;
               of
               Music
               in
               two
               Books
               ;
               one
               entituled
               Theorematic
               ;
               of
               the
               three
               Tragic
               Poets
               ;
               Characters
               ;
               four
               enarrations
               
               of
               Heraclitus
               ;
               an
               Enarration
               to
               Democritus
               ;
               two
               Books
               of
               Solutions
               ;
               advertisements
               to
               Dionysius
               ;
               of
               Rhetoric
               in
               two
               Books
               ;
               the
               Duty
               of
               an
               Orator
               ,
               Entituled
               Protagoras
               ;
               the
               History
               of
               the
               Pythagoreans
               ;
               of
               Inventions
               .
            
             
               Here
               we
               are
               to
               understand
               that
               he
               handles
               some
               of
               these
               Subjects
               under
               Comical
               Fictions
               ,
               as
               Pleasure
               and
               Chastity
               ;
               others
               under
               Tragical
               Fictions
               ,
               as
               Piety
               ,
               Power
               ,
               and
               those
               things
               that
               are
               in
               Hell.
               He
               also
               keeps
               close
               to
               the
               Character
               of
               the
               Persons
               whom
               he
               introduces
               in
               his
               Dialogues
               ,
               so
               that
               still
               a
               Philosopher
               speaks
               like
               a
               Philosopher
               ,
               a
               Captain
               like
               a
               Captain
               ,
               a
               Citizen
               like
               a
               Citizen
               .
               And
               besides
               those
               Dialogues
               already
               mentioned
               ,
               we
               meet
               with
               others
               that
               are
               of
               his
               Composition
               ,
               concerning
               Geometry
               and
               Logic
               .
               In
               short
               he
               was
               a
               Man
               to
               whom
               nothing
               came
               amiss
               ;
               as
               being
               furnished
               both
               with
               Matter
               ,
               Phrases
               ,
               and
               Words
               for
               all
               manner
               of
               Subjects
               and
               Discourses
               .
            
             
               Some
               report
               ,
               that
               he
               set
               his
               Country
               free
               from
               the
               yoak
               of
               Tyranny
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               put
               to
               death
               the
               Tyrant
               that
               held
               it
               in
               Subjection
               ;
               and
               among
               the
               rest
               ,
               Demetrius
               the
               Magnesian
               in
               his
               Homonymia's
               not
               only
               asserts
               this
               for
               Truth
               ,
               but
               recites
               another
               Story
               of
               him
               ;
               how
               that
               
               he
               charged
               one
               of
               his
               Familiar
               Friend
               ▪
               to
               hide
               his
               Body
               after
               his
               Decease
               ,
               where
               it
               might
               not
               be
               found
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               should
               lay
               in
               his
               Bed
               a
               certain
               Snake
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               privately
               foster'd
               in
               his
               House
               from
               a
               young
               one
               ,
               on
               purpose
               that
               they
               might
               think
               he
               was
               taken
               by
               the
               Gods
               up
               into
               Heaven
               :
               That
               his
               Friend
               did
               as
               he
               was
               ordered
               ,
               but
               that
               the
               Imposture
               wa●
               discover'd
               .
               For
               his
               Fellow-Citizens
               flocking
               from
               all
               Parts
               to
               deisy
               him
               with
               their
               Encomiums
               ,
               the
               silly
               Snake
               terrified
               with
               the
               noise
               ,
               came
               hissing
               from
               under
               the
               Bed-cloths
               ,
               and
               frighted
               all
               the
               Company
               out
               of
               the
               Room
               .
               By
               which
               means
               the
               Cheat
               being
               discovered
               ,
               Heraclides
               wa●
               adjudged
               quite
               another
               sort
               of
               a
               Man
               than
               he
               design'd
               to
               have
               been
               ,
               which
               was
               the
               Reason
               we
               made
               him
               this
               Epigram
               .
               
                 
                   Great
                   Heraclides
                   thought
                   to
                   cheat
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   leave
                   between
                   his
                   Sheets
                   a
                   Serpent
                   furl'd
                   ;
                
                 
                   As
                   if
                   the
                   Gods
                   had
                   ravish'd
                   their
                   Delight
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   tast
                   Ambrosial
                   Food
                   with
                   them
                   that
                   Night
                   .
                
                 
                   T
                   is
                   true
                   the
                   Dragon
                   might
                   be
                   call'd
                   a
                   Beast
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   yet
                   more
                   Beast
                   was
                   he
                   with
                   Heaven
                   to
                   jest
                   ▪
                
                 
                   For
                   which
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   swift
                   Palsey
                   struck
                   ,
                   his
                   End
                
                 
                   Shew'd
                   us
                   how
                   vainly
                   Men
                   with
                   Gods
                   contend
                   .
                
              
            
             
             
               Hippobotus
               avers
               the
               same
               .
               But
               Hermippus
               tells
               the
               Story
               of
               his
               Death
               quite
               another
               way
               .
               For
               he
               says
               ,
               that
               the
               Hera●…es
               seeing
               their
               Country
               laid
               waste
               by
               Famine
               ,
               deputed
               certain
               Persons
               to
               consult
               the
               Oracle
               of
               Apollo
               ,
               about
               the
               redress
               of
               their
               Calamity
               .
               Whereupon
               Heraclides
               brib'd
               the
               Pythian
               Priestess
               and
               the
               Deputies
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               ,
               that
               at
               their
               return
               they
               might
               say
               ,
               that
               their
               Country
               would
               not
               be
               reliev'd
               ,
               till
               they
               had
               honoured
               Heraclides
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Euthypron
               ,
               yet
               living
               ,
               with
               a
               Crown
               of
               Gold
               ,
               and
               plac'd
               him
               after
               his
               Death
               among
               the
               Hero's
               and
               Semi-Gods
               .
               Which
               was
               done
               accordingly
               :
               Nevertheless
               ,
               they
               who
               were
               Actors
               in
               this
               Tragedy
               ,
               got
               little
               by
               it
               ;
               for
               just
               as
               Heraclides
               was
               crowned
               in
               the
               Theatre
               ,
               he
               was
               struck
               with
               an
               Apoplexy
               ,
               and
               the
               Commissioners
               with
               an
               Epilepsy
               ,
               with
               such
               a
               giddiness
               in
               their
               Heads
               ,
               which
               never
               left
               'em
               'till
               they
               breath'd
               out
               their
               Souls
               .
               And
               as
               for
               the
               Pythian
               Priestess
               ,
               she
               dyed
               at
               the
               same
               instant
               ;
               being
               bit
               by
               a
               venemous
               Snake
               in
               the
               Vestry
               .
            
             
               Aristoxenus
               the
               Musician
               reports
               ,
               That
               he
               wrote
               several
               Tragedies
               under
               the
               Title
               of
               Thespis
               .
            
             
               Cameleo
               also
               relates
               ,
               That
               he
               stole
               the
               choicest
               of
               his
               Writings
               from
               Homer
               and
               
               Hesiod
               .
               Moreover
               Autodorus
               an
               Epicurean
               Philosopher
               reprooves
               him
               for
               m●●
               things
               which
               he
               writ
               in
               his
               Treatises
               of
               Justice
               .
               But
               Dyonisius
               the
               Mathematics
               an
               ,
               or
               as
               others
               will
               have
               it
               ,
               Spintha●…
               attributes
               those
               Writings
               to
               Sophocles
               ,
               in
               his
               Parthenopea
               ;
               which
               Autodorus
               believing
               to
               be
               false
               ,
               when
               he
               comes
               to
               ●●●
               the
               same
               Verses
               in
               certain
               Commentaries
               of
               his
               ,
               he
               quotes
               'em
               as
               made
               by
               
                 Heraclides
                 .
                 Dyonisius
              
               thereupon
               signified
               to
               Autodorus
               his
               mistake
               ;
               but
               the
               other
               still
               mistrusting
               the
               Truth
               ,
               he
               sent
               him
               the
               Verses
               transeribed
               out
               of
               the
               Original
               Copy
               ,
               conformable
               to
               
               Pancalus's
               Copy
               which
               Pancalus
               was
               
               Dyonisius's
               Friend
               But
               Autodorus
               still
               persisting
               in
               his
               Obstinacy
               ,
               and
               affirming
               he
               could
               prove
               the
               contrary
               ,
               Dionysius
               sent
               him
               the
               following
               Verses
               .
               
                 
                   Thou
                   must
                   not
                   think
                   the
                   wary
                   Ape
                   to
                   nooze
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   therefore
                   seek
                   out
                   Cullies
                   to
                   abuse
                   ;
                
                 
                   For
                   Senseless
                   Heraclide's
                   a
                   Man
                   well
                   known
                   ,
                
                 
                   T'
                   have
                   eaten
                   Shame
                   ,
                   and
                   drank
                   to
                   wash
                   it
                   down
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Besides
               this
               Heraclides
               ,
               there
               were
               thirteen
               others
               .
               The
               first
               a
               native
               of
               the
               same
               Country
               ,
               and
               a
               writer
               of
               Pyrrich
               Fancies
               .
               The
               second
               a
               Cumaean
               ,
               who
               
               wrote
               five
               Books
               of
               the
               Persian
               Story
               .
               The
               third
               a
               Cumaean
               ,
               who
               wrote
               concerning
               the
               Art
               of
               Rhetoric
               .
               The
               fourth
               a
               Calatinian
               ,
               or
               Alexandrian
               ,
               who
               set
               forth
               his
               Successions
               in
               six
               Books
               ,
               and
               a
               Lembeatic
               Oration
               ,
               entituled
               Lembas
               .
               The
               fifth
               of
               Alexandria
               ,
               a
               Writer
               of
               the
               Persian
               Proprieties
               .
               The
               sixth
               a
               Bargyleitan
               Logician
               ,
               who
               wrote
               against
               Epicurus
               .
               The
               seventh
               a
               Nicesian
               Physician
               .
               The
               eighth
               a
               Tarentine
               Empiric
               .
               The
               ninth
               a
               writer
               of
               Precepts
               in
               Verse
               .
               The
               tenth
               a
               Phocian
               Statuary
               .
               The
               eleventh
               a
               smart
               Epigrammatist
               .
               The
               twelfth
               a
               Magnesian
               ,
               who
               wrote
               a
               Poem
               ,
               entituled
               Mithridatics
               .
               The
               thirteenth
               an
               Astrologer
               ,
               and
               our
               Philosopher
               makes
               the
               fourteenth
               .
            
             
               The
               End
               of
               the
               fifth
               Book
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
           
             
               Diogenes
               Laertius
            
             :
             Containing
             the
             Lives
             ,
             Opinions
             ,
             and
             Apophthegms
             Of
             those
             that
             were
             most
             Famous
             in
             PHILOSOPHY
             .
          
           
             The
             Sixth
             Book
             .
          
           
             Translated
             from
             the
             Greek
             by
             
               William
               Baxter
            
             ,
             Gent.
             
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               ANTISTHENES
               .
            
             
               ANTISTHENES
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Antisthenes
               ,
               and
               an
               Athenian
               by
               birth
               :
               but
               he
               was
               thought
               not
               to
               be
               rightly
               descended
               .
               Whence
               it
               is
               that
               once
               he
               said
               to
               one
               that
               twitted
               him
               with
               it
               ,
               
                 Even
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 is
                 a
              
               Phrygian
               .
               For
               
               his
               Mother
               was
               look't
               upon
               as
               a
               *
               Thracian
               .
               Whence
               it
               was
               ,
               that
               having
               ▪
               ●ignalized
               himself
               in
               the
               Battel
               of
               Tanagra
               ,
               he
               gave
               occasion
               to
               Socrates
               to
               say
               of
               him
               ,
               
                 So
                 brave
                 a
                 man
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 an
              
               Athenian
               
                 by
                 both
                 sides
              
               :
               And
               himself
               once
               reflecting
               upon
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               for
               valuing
               themselves
               upon
               their
               being
               Earth-sprung
               ,
               said
               ,
               
                 That
                 could
                 make
                 them
                 no
                 better
                 Gentlemen
                 than
                 Snails
                 and
                 Caterpillars
                 .
              
               He
               was
               first
               a
               hearer
               of
               Gorgias
               the
               Orator
               :
               whence
               it
               is
               that
               he
               expresses
               an
               haranguing
               kind
               of
               style
               in
               his
               Dialogues
               ;
               and
               especially
               in
               his
               Truth
               and
               Persuasives
               .
               And
               Hermippus
               saith
               ,
               That
               at
               the
               Isthmian
               Games
               he
               lookt
               upon
               him
               to
               praise
               and
               discommend
               the
               
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 Thebans
              
               and
               Lacedaemonians
               :
               but
               seeing
               a
               very
               great
               Concourse
               coming
               in
               from
               those
               Cities
               ,
               he
               left
               it
               off
               .
               Afterwards
               he
               struck
               in
               with
               Socrates
               ,
               and
               improved
               so
               much
               by
               him
               ,
               that
               he
               persuade
               his
               Scholars
               to
               go
               with
               him
               to
               School
               to
               Socrates
               .
               And
               though
               he
               dwelt
               at
               the
               Pireaeum
               ,
               yet
               went
               he
               up
               every
               day
               fourty
               Stadia
               to
               hear
               Socrates
               .
               Of
               whom
               when
               he
               had
               got
               the
               Art
               of
               Patience
               ,
               and
               had
               affected
               a
               sedateness
               of
               Mind
               ,
               he
               became
               the
               first
               Founder
               of
               the
               Cynick
               Philosophy
               .
               He
               would
               make
               out
               that
               Labour
               was
               good
               ,
               by
               the
               great
               Hercules
               and
               Cyrus
               ,
               borrowing
               the
               one
               Example
               
               from
               the
               Greeks
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               from
               the
               barbarous
               People
               .
               He
               was
               also
               the
               first
               man
               that
               ever
               defined
               a
               Definition
               ,
               saying
               .
               
                 A
                 Definition
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 declares
                 what
                 any
                 thing
                 is
                 whereby
                 it
                 is
                 .
              
               He
               used
               often
               to
               say
               ,
               
                 I
                 had
                 much
                 rather
                 be
                 mad
                 than
                 s●●sually
                 delighted
                 :
              
               and
               ,
               
                 That
                 a
                 man
                 should
                 accompany
                 with
                 no
                 woman
                 that
                 would
                 not
                 acknowledge
                 the
                 kindness
                 .
              
               And
               to
               a
               young
               Youth
               of
               Pontus
               that
               purposed
               to
               be
               his
               Scholar
               ,
               and
               therefore
               asked
               him
               what
               things
               he
               should
               have
               occasion
               to
               use
               ;
               he
               replyed
               ,
               
                 A
                 new
                 Writing-Book
                 ,
                 a
                 new
                 Writing-Pen
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 new
                 Writing
                 Table
              
               ;
               intending
               in
               it
               his
               Mind
               .
               To
               one
               that
               asked
               him
               what
               kind
               of
               woman
               he
               should
               marry
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 If
                 thou
                 hast
                 a
                 handsome
                 woman
                 thou
                 wil●
                 have
                 a
              
               *
               
                 Common
                 woman
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 an
                 ugly
                 one
                 ,
                 thou
                 wilt
                 have
                 a
              
               †
               Tormentor
               .
               Hearing
               upon
               a
               time
               that
               Plato
               spoke
               ill
               of
               him
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 It
                 is
                 like
                 a
                 Prince
                 to
                 do
                 well
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 ill
                 spoken
                 of
                 .
              
               Being
               admitted
               to
               the
               Mysteries
               of
               Orpheus
               ,
               and
               the
               Priest
               telling
               him
               that
               such
               as
               were
               initiated
               into
               those
               Rites
               should
               participate
               of
               many
               good
               things
               in
               the
               World
               beneath
               ,
               he
               said
               ▪
               
                 And
                 why
                 then
                 dost
                 not
                 thou
                 dye
                 ?
              
               Being
               on
               a
               time
               upbraided
               ,
               as
               not
               being
               descended
               of
               Parents
               that
               were
               both
               free
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 descended
                 of
                 Parents
                 that
                 were
                 both
                 Wrestlers
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 yet
                 I
                 can
                 wrestle
                 .
              
               Being
               asked
               why
               he
               had
               so
               few
               Scholars
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Because
               *
               
                 I
                 don't
                 keep
                 them
                 out
                 with
                 a
                 silver
                 Staff.
              
               Being
               a●k●
               why
               he
               did
               chide
               his
               Scholars
               so
               severely
               ▪
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 Doctors
                 were
                 wont
                 to
                 do
                 the
                 like
                 to
                 their
                 Patients
                 .
              
               Seeing
               upon
               a
               time
               an
               Adulterer
               making
               his
               Escape
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 Vnhappy
                 Fellow
                 !
                 what
                 a
                 danger
                 mightest
                 tho●
                 have
                 escaped
                 for
                 one
              
               Obolus
               ?
               He
               used
               to
               say
               (
               as
               Hecato
               in
               his
               Sayings
               informs
               us
               )
               
                 It
                 was
                 far
                 better
                 to
                 light
                 among
              
               †
               
                 Ravens
                 than
                 among
              
               *
               
                 Flatterers
                 :
                 for
                 those
                 would
                 e●●
                 but
                 dead
                 men
                 ,
                 but
                 these
                 these
                 the
                 living
                 .
              
               Being
               askt
               what
               he
               thought
               the
               happiest
               thing
               among
               men
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 To
                 dye
                 in
                 a
                 prosperous
                 Condition
                 .
              
               As
               one
               of
               his
               Followers
               was
               bewailing
               the
               loss
               of
               his
               Memoirs
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 You
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 written
                 them
                 on
                 your
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 upon
                 Parchments
                 .
                 As
                 Iron
                 is
                 fretted
                 by
                 rust
                 ,
                 so
              
               (
               he
               said
               )
               
                 were
                 envious
                 persons
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 ill
                 nature
                 .
              
               He
               said
               ,
               
                 They
                 that
                 would
                 be
                 immortal
                 should
                 live
                 piously
                 and
                 justly
                 .
              
               He
               said
               ,
               
                 Commonwealth●
                 were
                 then
                 destroyed
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 lost
                 the
                 distinction
                 betwixt
                 good
                 men
                 and
                 bad
                 .
              
               Being
               once
               commended
               by
               wicked
               Fellows
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 I
                 am
                 mightily
                 afraid
                 I
                 have
                 done
                 some
                 mischief
                 .
                 The
                 Cohabitation
                 of
                 Brothers
                 living
                 in
                 Amity
                 ,
              
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 was
                 stronger
                 than
                 any
                 Wall.
              
               He
               said
               ,
               
                 A
                 Traveller
                 should
                 make
                 such
                 Provisions
                 for
                 his
                 Journey
                 ,
                 ●●
                 
                 would
                 swim
                 out
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 Shipwrack
                 .
              
               Being
               once
               upbraided
               with
               keeping
               Company
               with
               wicked
               Fellows
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 Physicians
                 keep
                 company
                 with
                 sick
                 people
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 have
                 no
                 Fever
                 .
              
               He
               would
               say
               ,
               
                 It
                 was
                 an
                 absurd
                 thing
                 to
                 pick
                 Darnell
                 out
                 of
                 Wheat
                 ,
                 and
                 useless
                 persons
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Compagne
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 to
                 let
                 envious
                 persons
                 live
                 in
                 a
                 Civil
                 Society
                 .
              
               Being
               askt
               what
               advantage
               he
               reaped
               by
               Philosophy
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 To
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 keep
                 my self
                 Company
                 .
              
               When
               one
               said
               to
               him
               at
               a
               Banquet
               ,
               Pray
               Sir
               fing
               ;
               he
               replyed
               ,
               
                 Pray
                 ,
                 good
                 Sir
                 ,
                 pipe
                 to
                 me
                 .
              
               When
               Diogenes
               asked
               him
               for
               a
               Gown
               ,
               he
               bid
               him
               fold
               in
               his
               Mantle
               .
               Being
               asked
               which
               of
               the
               Sciences
               was
               the
               most
               necessary
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 To
                 unlearn
                 bad
                 things
              
               .
               He
               advised
               such
               as
               heard
               themselves
               ill
               spoken
               of
               ,
               to
               bear
               it
               a
               little
               better
               than
               a
               man
               that
               had
               Stones
               flung
               at
               him
               .
               He
               would
               rally
               Plato
               as
               too
               inflate
               :
               As
               therefore
               he
               beheld
               once
               at
               a
               publick
               Shew
               a
               snorting
               Horse
               ,
               he
               said
               to
               
                 Plato
                 ,
                 I
                 phansy
                 thou
                 wouldst
                 have
                 made
                 a
                 gallant
                 Prancer
                 thy self
                 .
              
               This
               he
               said
               ,
               because
               Plato
               would
               never
               leave
               off
               commending
               the
               Horse
               .
               And
               as
               he
               once
               made
               him
               a
               Visit
               when
               he
               was
               sick
               ,
               and
               saw
               the
               Bason
               where
               Plato
               had
               vomited
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 Here
                 is
                 Choler
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 see
                 no
                 pride
                 .
              
               He
               gave
               Counsel
               to
               the
               Athenians
               to
               elect
               their
               
               Asses
               to
               be
               Horses
               :
               But
               they
               looking
               upon
               that
               as
               very
               ridiculous
               ;
               Why
               (
               said
               he
               )
               
                 you
                 make
                 men
                 Leaders
                 of
                 your
                 Armies
                 th●●
                 have
                 nothing
                 to
                 recommend
                 them
                 but
                 you
                 Votes
                 .
              
               To
               one
               that
               said
               to
               him
               ,
               There
               are
               a
               great
               many
               that
               speak
               very
               honourably
               of
               you
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 What
                 her
                 no
                 have
                 I
                 done
                 ?
              
               As
               he
               was
               turning
               the
               ragged
               part
               of
               his
               Mantle
               outward
               ,
               Socrates
               espyed
               him
               ,
               and
               said
               ,
               
                 I
                 see
                 thy
                 Vanity
                 through
                 thy
                 M●…le
                 .
              
               Being
               asked
               by
               one
               (
               as
               we
               are
               told
               by
               Phanias
               in
               his
               Socratics
               )
               What
               he
               should
               do
               to
               become
               a
               worthy
               good
               man
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 If
                 thou
                 wilt
                 learn
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 know
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 evils
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 thee
                 should
                 be
                 avoided
                 by
                 thee
                 .
              
               To
               one
               that
               spoke
               well
               of
               Sensuality
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 I
                 pray
                 God
                 my
                 Enemies
                 Children
                 may
                 have
                 their
                 fill
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               To
               a
               young
               man
               that
               presented
               himself
               in
               a
               finical
               posture
               to
               a
               Carver
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 Prethes
                 tell
                 me
                 ,
                 if
                 that
                 Copper
                 had
                 but
                 speech
                 ,
                 what
                 thou
                 wouldst
                 have
                 to
                 beast
                 of
                 ?
              
               And
               when
               he
               had
               made
               answer
               ,
               
                 My
                 Beauty
              
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 art
                 thou
                 not
                 then
                 ashamed
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 pleased
                 with
                 being
                 like
                 a
                 dumb
                 thing
                 ?
              
               A
               young
               man
               of
               Pontus
               promising
               to
               take
               great
               care
               of
               him
               as
               soon
               as
               his
               Ship
               with
               Salt-fish
               should
               arrive
               ,
               he
               took
               him
               along
               with
               him
               with
               an
               empty
               bag
               ,
               and
               went
               to
               a
               Meal-woman
               ,
               and
               loaded
               himself
               with
               Meal
               ,
               and
               went
               his
               way
               :
               But
               the
               
               Woman
               demanding
               of
               him
               her
               Money
               ,
               he
               reply'd
               ,
               
                 This
                 young
                 man
                 will
                 pay
                 thee
                 when
                 his
                 Ship
                 with
                 Salt-fish
                 shall
                 come
                 home
                 .
              
               He
               seems
               to
               have
               occasioned
               the
               Exile
               of
               Anytus
               ,
               and
               the
               Death
               of
               Melitus
               :
               For
               as
               certain
               young
               men
               from
               Pontus
               ,
               moved
               with
               the
               Fame
               of
               Socrates
               ,
               came
               to
               converse
               with
               him
               ;
               he
               falling
               by
               chance
               into
               their
               Company
               ,
               brought
               them
               to
               Anytus
               ,
               affirming
               him
               to
               be
               a
               greater
               Moralist
               than
               Socrates
               .
               At
               which
               such
               as
               stood
               about
               him
               being
               much
               enraged
               ,
               drave
               him
               into
               Banishment
               .
               If
               he
               chanced
               to
               see
               a
               married
               Woman
               in
               fine
               Clothes
               ,
               he
               would
               go
               to
               her
               house
               ,
               and
               bid
               her
               husband
               bring
               forth
               his
               Horse
               and
               Arms
               :
               With
               which
               if
               he
               were
               provided
               ,
               he
               would
               say
               ,
               he
               might
               let
               her
               wear
               her
               Finery
               ,
               (
               for
               those
               would
               be
               his
               Defence
               ;
               )
               but
               if
               not
               ,
               he
               would
               advise
               him
               to
               strip
               her
               of
               them
               .
               These
               also
               were
               his
               Tenets
               .
               He
               taught
               that
               Vertue
               might
               be
               acquired
               :
               That
               it
               was
               the
               same
               thing
               to
               be
               a
               Gentleman
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               a
               Man
               of
               Vertue
               :
               For
               that
               Vertue
               alone
               was
               sufficient
               for
               happiness
               ;
               and
               that
               nothing
               more
               was
               requisite
               ,
               except
               it
               were
               the
               bodily
               strength
               of
               Socrates
               .
               And
               that
               Vertue
               consisted
               in
               Actions
               ,
               and
               needed
               not
               many
               Discourses
               nor
               Sciences
               :
               And
               that
               a
               wise
               man
               did
               not
               live
               by
               the
               Laws
               
               of
               the
               State
               ,
               but
               by
               those
               of
               Vertue
               .
               That
               if
               he
               designed
               to
               have
               Children
               ,
               he
               would
               accompany
               with
               the
               best
               humour'd
               Women
               ,
               that
               so
               he
               might
               be
               lov'd
               :
               for
               that
               the
               Philosopher
               only
               understood
               how
               to
               love
               .
               These
               things
               also
               are
               ascribed
               to
               him
               by
               Diocles.
               To
               a
               wise
               man
               there
               is
               nothing
               strange
               or
               foreign
               .
               A
               good
               man
               merits
               Love.
               Honest
               men
               are
               all
               Friends
               .
               To
               take
               those
               for
               ones
               Confederates
               who
               are
               brave
               and
               just
               .
               Vertue
               is
               a
               Weapon
               that
               one
               cannot
               be
               disarmed
               of
               .
               It
               is
               better
               to
               engage
               with
               a
               few
               brave
               men
               against
               all
               Cowards
               ,
               than
               with
               many
               Cowards
               against
               a
               few
               brave
               men
               .
               We
               should
               give
               great
               heed
               to
               our
               Enemies
               ,
               for
               they
               are
               the
               first
               that
               observe
               our
               Faults
               .
               That
               we
               should
               much
               more
               esteem
               a
               worthy
               man
               than
               a
               Kinsman
               .
               Vertue
               is
               the
               same
               in
               a
               Woman
               that
               it
               is
               in
               a
               Man.
               Good
               things
               are
               amiable
               ,
               and
               bad
               things
               deformed
               .
               Account
               all
               ill
               things
               strange
               to
               you
               .
               Prudence
               is
               the
               securest
               wall
               ;
               for
               it
               will
               neither
               dilapidate
               ,
               nor
               be
               betrayed
               .
               We
               should
               erect
               us
               walls
               in
               our
               own
               impregnable
               Thoughts
               .
               He
               held
               his
               Discourses
               in
               the
               place
               of
               Exercises
               ,
               called
               Kynosarges
               ,
               a
               little
               way
               without
               the
               City
               Gates
               :
               whence
               some
               suppose
               the
               Cynick
               Philosophy
               to
               have
               had
               its
               Name
               .
               Himself
               was
               
               called
               Haplokyon
               ,
               (
               which
               is
               ,
               Simple
               Dog
               )
               :
               And
               he
               was
               the
               first
               (
               as
               Diocles
               tells
               us
               )
               *
               that
               folded
               in
               the
               Mantle
               ,
               and
               used
               it
               as
               his
               only
               Garment
               ;
               and
               that
               carried
               about
               a
               Staff
               and
               a
               Scrip.
               Neanthes
               also
               writes
               that
               he
               was
               the
               first
               that
               †
               folded
               in
               the
               Mantle
               .
               But
               Sosicrates
               in
               the
               third
               Book
               of
               his
               Successions
               ,
               saith
               ,
               That
               Diodorus
               the
               Aspendian
               was
               the
               first
               that
               let
               down
               his
               Beard
               ,
               and
               used
               a
               Staff
               and
               Scrip.
               This
               was
               the
               only
               man
               of
               all
               the
               Socraticks
               that
               Theopompus
               speaks
               honourably
               of
               ;
               and
               he
               saith
               ,
               he
               was
               a
               very
               sharp
               Man
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               could
               by
               the
               charms
               of
               his
               Conversation
               draw
               in
               whom
               he
               pleased
               ;
               which
               indeed
               is
               very
               evident
               as
               well
               by
               his
               own
               Writings
               ,
               as
               by
               Xenophon's
               Barquet
               .
               And
               he
               seems
               to
               me
               ,
               to
               have
               been
               the
               first
               Author
               of
               the
               most
               Masculine
               Sect
               of
               the
               Stoics
               .
               Whence
               it
               is
               that
               Athenans
               the
               Epigram-writer
               speaks
               thus
               of
               them
               .
               
                 
                   O
                   you
                   who
                   have
                   in
                   Stoic
                   Learning
                   Skill
                   ,
                
                 
                   Whose
                   sacred
                   Pages
                   worthiest
                   Maxims
                   fill
                   ;
                
                 
                   That
                   Vertue
                   's
                   the
                   sole
                   Blessing
                   of
                   the
                   Mind
                   ,
                
                 
                   For
                   she
                   alone
                   can
                   save
                   and
                   bless
                   Mankind
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   tickling
                   joys
                   of
                   Flesh
                   that
                   others
                   Chuse
                   ,
                
                 
                   Are
                   but
                   the
                   Raveries
                   of
                   *
                   one
                   freakish
                   Muse
                   .
                
              
            
             
             
               It
               was
               he
               that
               lead
               Diogenes
               the
               way
               to
               Sedateness
               ,
               Crates
               to
               Abstinence
               ,
               and
               Zeno
               to
               Patience
               ;
               and
               it
               was
               he
               that
               laid
               the
               Foundations
               of
               the
               Government
               of
               his
               Native
               City
               .
               Xenophon
               saith
               he
               was
               indeed
               exceeding
               gay
               in
               Conversation
               ,
               but
               in
               other
               respects
               most
               temperate
               and
               grave
               .
               There
               go
               about
               ten
               Tomes
               of
               his
               Writings
               .
               The
               first
               in
               which
               he
               crean
               of
               Phrase
               or
               Forms
               of
               Stile
               :
               Ajax
               ,
               ●●
               Ajax's
               Speech
               :
               Vlysses
               ,
               or
               
               Vlysses's
               :
               
               Orestes's
               Defence
               ,
               or
               of
               Drawers
               of
               Indictments
               .
               †
               Isographe
               ,
               or
               Desias
               ,
               or
               Isocrates
               ;
               
               it
               being
               against
               
               Isocrates's
               Speec●
               called
               Amartyros
               ,
               (
               or
               without
               Testimonies
               .
               )
               The
               second
               Tome
               in
               which
               he
               discourses
               of
               the
               nature
               of
               Animals
               ;
               of
               Propagation
               ,
               or
               of
               Marriage
               ;
               a
               Love
               Discourse
               ;
               of
               the
               Sophists
               ;
               a
               Phystognomical
               Discourse
               ;
               of
               Justice
               and
               V●lour
               ,
               being
               his
               first
               ,
               second
               ,
               and
               third
               Perswasives
               ;
               of
               Theognis
               ,
               being
               his
               fourth
               and
               fifth
               .
               The
               third
               Tome
               ,
               in
               which
               he
               treats
               of
               Goodness
               ;
               of
               Valour
               ,
               of
               Law
               or
               of
               Government
               ;
               of
               Law
               ,
               or
               of
               ●●●
               and
               just
               ;
               of
               Liberty
               and
               Slavery
               ;
               of
               Trust
               ;
               of
               a
               Steward
               ,
               of
               Con●iding
               and
               of
               Victory
               ;
               an
               Oeconomical
               discourse
               .
               The
               fourth
               Tome
               ,
               wherein
               is
               ●●●
               Cyrus
               ;
               his
               Hercules
               the
               Elder
               ,
               or
               of
               Strength
               .
               Tome
               the
               Fifth
               ,
               wherein
               is
               his
               
               Cyrus
               ,
               or
               of
               Monarchy
               ;
               and
               his
               Aspasi●
               .
               Tome
               the
               sixth
               ,
               in
               which
               is
               his
               Truth
               ;
               of
               Disputing
               ,
               a
               Contradictory
               Discourse
               :
               S●thon
               ,
               Of
               Contradiction
               ,
               First
               ,
               Second
               and
               Third
               :
               Of
               Discourse
               .
               Tome
               the
               seventh
               ,
               in
               which
               is
               his
               Treatise
               of
               the
               Institution
               of
               Youth
               ,
               or
               of
               Terms
               ,
               First
               ,
               Second
               ,
               Third
               ,
               Fourth
               and
               Fifth
               :
               Of
               Dying
               :
               Of
               Life
               and
               Death
               :
               Of
               things
               in
               the
               nether
               World
               :
               Of
               the
               use
               of
               Terms
               ,
               or
               of
               Wrangling
               :
               Of
               Questioning
               and
               Answering
               :
               Of
               Opinion
               and
               Science
               ,
               First
               ,
               Second
               ,
               Third
               ,
               Fourth
               :
               Of
               Nature
               ,
               First
               ,
               Second
               :
               A
               Question
               about
               Nature
               ,
               in
               two
               Tracts
               :
               Opinions
               ,
               or
               of
               Wrangling
               :
               Of
               learning
               Problemes
               .
               Tome
               the
               eighth
               ,
               wherein
               is
               his
               Discourse
               of
               Musick
               :
               Of
               Commentators
               :
               Of
               Homer
               :
               Of
               Injustice
               and
               Impiety
               :
               Of
               Calchas
               :
               Of
               a
               Spy
               :
               Of
               Pleasure
               .
               Tome
               the
               ninth
               ,
               in
               which
               is
               his
               Discourse
               of
               the
               Odyssea
               :
               Of
               
               Minerva's
               Rod
               :
               Of
               Telemachus
               :
               Of
               Helena
               and
               Penelope
               :
               Of
               Proteus
               :
               His
               Cyclops
               ,
               or
               of
               Vlysses
               :
               Of
               the
               use
               of
               Wine
               ,
               or
               of
               Drunkenness
               ,
               or
               of
               the
               Cyelops
               :
               Of
               Circe
               :
               Of
               Amphiaraus
               :
               Of
               Vlysses
               and
               Penelope
               :
               And
               of
               
               Vlysses's
               Dog.
               The
               tenth
               Tome
               ,
               wherein
               is
               Hercules
               ,
               or
               
                 Midas
                 :
                 Hercules
              
               ,
               or
               of
               Prudence
               ,
               or
               of
               Strength
               :
               The
               Master
               ,
               or
               the
               Lover
               :
               The
               Masters
               ,
               or
               the
               Spies
               :
               
               Menexenus
               ,
               or
               of
               Government
               :
               
                 Alcibiades
                 :
                 Archelaus
              
               ,
               or
               of
               Monarchy
               .
               And
               these
               are
               the
               things
               he
               wrote
               of
               .
               Timon
               therefore
               rallying
               him
               for
               the
               great
               number
               of
               his
               Books
               ,
               calls
               him
               the
               Universal
               Tatler
               .
               He
               died
               of
               a
               wasting
               Consumption
               :
               At
               which
               time
               Diogenes
               coming
               in
               to
               visit
               him
               ,
               said
               to
               him
               ,
               
                 Hast
                 thou
                 any
                 need
                 of
                 a
                 Friend
                 ?
              
               And
               once
               he
               came
               to
               see
               him
               with
               a
               little
               Dagger
               about
               him
               ,
               and
               when
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 Who
                 will
                 deliver
                 me
                 from
                 these
                 pains
                 ?
                 Diogenes
              
               pointed
               to
               the
               Dagger
               ,
               and
               said
               ,
               
                 This
                 will.
              
               But
               he
               replyed
               ,
               
                 I
                 said
                 from
                 my
                 pains
                 ,
                 not
                 from
                 my
                 life
                 .
              
               For
               he
               was
               thought
               to
               be
               over
               effeminate
               under
               his
               Distemper
               ,
               through
               excessive
               love
               of
               Life
               .
               And
               I
               made
               my self
               the
               following
               Epigram
               upon
               him
               .
               
                 
                   Thou
                   wast
                   a
                   Cur
                   ,
                   in
                   life
                   ,
                   Antisthenes
                   ;
                
                 
                   Words
                   were
                   thy
                   teeth
                   ;
                   black
                   choler
                   thy
                   disease
                   :
                
                 
                   Now
                   dead
                   ,
                   thou
                   'lt
                   scare
                   the
                   Ghosts
                   ,
                   thou'●t
                   look
                   so
                   fell
                   :
                
                 
                   There
                   should
                   be
                   one
                   to
                   lead
                   thee
                   down
                   to
                   Hell.
                   
                
              
            
             
               There
               were
               besides
               him
               three
               other
               Antistheneses
               :
               One
               a
               Heraclitist
               :
               The
               other
               a●
               Ephesian
               :
               And
               a
               third
               an
               Historian
               of
               Rhodes
               .
               And
               now
               we
               have
               dispatched
               the
               Successors
               of
               Aristippus
               and
               Phaedo●
               ,
               we
               will
               bring
               in
               next
               the
               Cynicks
               and
               Stoicks
               ,
               the
               Followers
               of
               Antisthenes
               ;
               and
               that
               in
               the
               ensuing
               Order
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               DIOGENES
               .
            
             
               DIOGENES
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Ikesias
               ,
               a
               Banker
               ,
               and
               by
               Birth
               a
               
                 Sinopese
                 .
                 Diocles
              
               saith
               ,
               that
               his
               Father
               keeping
               a
               publick
               Goldsmiths
               Shop
               ,
               and
               stamping
               false
               Money
               ,
               was
               condemned
               to
               Banishment
               :
               But
               Eubulides
               in
               his
               Treatise
               of
               Diogenes
               ,
               saith
               ,
               Diogenes
               himself
               was
               guilty
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               therefore
               wandred
               abroad
               with
               his
               Father
               .
               Yea
               himself
               speaks
               in
               his
               *
               Leopard
               ,
               as
               if
               he
               had
               coined
               Money
               .
               Some
               will
               have
               it
               ,
               that
               being
               made
               Overseer
               of
               the
               Goldsmiths
               Work
               ,
               and
               being
               over-perswaded
               by
               the
               Workmen
               ,
               he
               went
               to
               Delphi
               ,
               or
               else
               to
               the
               Temple
               at
               Delos
               ,
               and
               asked
               Apollo
               whether
               he
               might
               do
               what
               he
               was
               perswaded
               to
               in
               his
               own
               Country
               ;
               and
               he
               saying
               he
               might
               ,
               and
               understanding
               the
               Oracle
               to
               mean
               the
               *
               publick
               Money
               ,
               he
               Counterfeited
               the
               Change-Money
               ,
               and
               was
               catch'd
               at
               it
               ;
               and
               (
               as
               some
               say
               )
               condemned
               to
               Banishment
               ;
               but
               (
               as
               others
               )
               he
               went
               of
               himself
               to
               Banishment
               out
               of
               fear
               .
               There
               are
               others
               that
               say
               ,
               that
               his
            
             
             
               Father
               found
               the
               Money
               ,
               and
               himself
               adulterated
               it
               ;
               and
               that
               his
               Father
               was
               committed
               to
               Prison
               for
               it
               ,
               and
               there
               dyed
               ,
               but
               himself
               fled
               and
               came
               to
               Delphi
               ,
               and
               there
               enquiring
               not
               whether
               he
               should
               turn
               Coiner
               ,
               but
               what
               he
               should
               do
               to
               make
               himself
               most
               famous
               ,
               and
               that
               thereupon
               he
               received
               *
               this
               Answer
               .
            
             
               And
               being
               at
               Athens
               he
               sought
               Acquaintance
               with
               Antisthenes
               ;
               but
               he
               shoving
               him
               from
               him
               ,
               because
               he
               would
               entertain
               no
               Body
               ,
               he
               forced
               himself
               upon
               him
               at
               last
               with
               long
               assiduity
               .
               And
               as
               one
               time
               he
               held
               his
               Staff
               at
               him
               ,
               he
               stooped
               hi
               Head
               to
               him
               ,
               and
               said
               ,
               strike
               ,
               for
               you
               will
               never
               find
               a
               Stick
               hard
               enough
               to
               keep
               me
               from
               you
               ,
               as
               long
               as
               I
               find
               you
               discoursing
               of
               any
               thing
               .
               From
               that
               time
               forward
               he
               became
               his
               Hearer
               ;
               and
               being
               an
               Exile
               from
               his
               Country
               ,
               he
               betook
               himself
               to
               a
               mean
               way
               of
               Living
               .
               Seeing
               a
               Mouse
               running
               over
               a
               Room
               (
               as
               Theophrastus
               tells
               us
               in
               his
               Megarick
               )
               and
               considering
               with
               himself
               ,
               that
               it
               neither
               sought
               for
               a
               Bed
               ,
               nor
               was
               affraid
               to
               be
               alone
               in
               the
               dark
               ,
               nor
               desired
               any
               of
               our
               esteemed
               Dainties
               ,
               he
               contrived
               a
               way
               to
               relieve
               his
               own
               Exigencies
               ;
               being
               the
               first
               ,
               as
               some
               think
               ,
               that
               folded
               in
               the
               Mantle
               ,
               because
               his
               Necessity
               obliged
               him
               to
               sleep
               in
               it
               :
               He
               also
               carried
               with
               him
               a
               
               Scrip
               ,
               which
               held
               his
               Victuals
               ,
               and
               he
               made
               use
               of
               all
               places
               indifferently
               to
               eat
               ,
               sleep
               ,
               and
               discourse
               in
               .
               Once
               he
               pointed
               with
               his
               Fingers
               at
               
               Jupiter's
               Portico
               ,
               and
               said
               ,
               The
               Athenians
               have
               built
               me
               here
               a
               brave
               Palace
               to
               dine
               in
               .
               He
               used
               a
               Staff
               at
               first
               to
               lean
               on
               in
               the
               time
               of
               his
               Sickness
               ;
               but
               afterwards
               he
               always
               carried
               it
               with
               him
               ;
               yet
               not
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               but
               as
               he
               walked
               in
               the
               Country
               ,
               together
               with
               his
               Scrip
               ,
               as
               Olympiodorus
               ,
               Prince
               of
               Athens
               ,
               tells
               us
               ,
               and
               Polyeuctus
               the
               Orator
               ,
               and
               Lysanias
               Son
               of
               Aeschrion
               .
               Having
               written
               to
               one
               to
               provide
               him
               a
               a
               Cottage
               ,
               and
               he
               delaying
               ,
               he
               made
               use
               of
               a
               Tub
               he
               found
               in
               the
               Metroon
               ,
               instead
               of
               a
               House
               ,
               as
               even
               himself
               reletes
               to
               us
               in
               his
               Letters
               .
               In
               Summer
               ●ime
               he
               would
               roul
               himself
               in
               hot
               Sand
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Winter
               he
               would
               embrace
               Statues
               clad
               with
               Snow
               ;
               thus
               every
               way
               exercising
               himself
               to
               hardship
               .
               He
               was
               very
               good
               at
               ridiculing
               other
               Men.
               He
               would
               call
               
               Euclid's
               School
               ,
               his
               *
               Chole
               ,
               (
               that
               is
               ,
               his
               Choler
               ;
               )
               and
               
                 Plato's
                 Diatribe
              
               (
               or
               Exercise
               )
               his
               Catatribe
               (
               or
               Time-wasting
               .
               )
               The
               Bacchanalian
               Spectacles
               he
               would
               call
               the
               Fools
               Wonders
               ;
               and
               the
               popular
               Orators
               ,
               the
               Waiting
               Men
               of
               the
               Rabble
               .
               As
               often
               as
               he
               saw
               Commanders
               of
               Ships
               ,
               Physicians
               ,
               and
               Philosophers
               ,
               he
               would
               
               say
               ,
               Man
               was
               the
               most
               intelligent
               of
               all
               Animals
               ;
               but
               when
               again
               he
               saw
               Expounders
               of
               Dreams
               ,
               Diviners
               ,
               and
               those
               that
               gave
               Ear
               to
               them
               ,
               or
               such
               as
               were
               puffed
               up
               by
               reason
               of
               Honour
               or
               Wealth
               ,
               he
               would
               say
               ,
               he
               thought
               no
               Creature
               on
               Earth
               more
               fond
               .
               He
               was
               used
               often
               to
               say
               ,
               He
               thought
               a
               Man
               ought
               to
               provide
               himself
               either
               with
               Sense
               or
               with
               a
               Halter
               .
               And
               once
               observing
               Plato
               at
               a
               great
               Feast
               lightly
               touching
               an
               Olive
               ,
               he
               said
               to
               him
               ;
               Learned
               Man
               ,
               what
               made
               you
               sail
               to
               Sicily
               for
               the
               sake
               of
               these
               Messes
               ,
               and
               will
               not
               now
               enjoy
               them
               when
               they
               are
               before
               you
               ?
               to
               which
               he
               replied
               ;
               By
               the
               Gods
               ;
               Diogenes
               ,
               I
               have
               cloy'd
               my self
               with
               Olives
               ,
               and
               such
               kind
               of
               things
               ,
               when
               I
               was
               there
               .
               What
               need
               had
               you
               then
               (
               said
               he
               )
               to
               sail
               to
               Sicily
               ?
               Did
               not
               Attica
               then
               bear
               Olives
               ?
               But
               Favorinus
               in
               his
               Various
               History
               saith
               ,
               this
               was
               spoken
               by
               Aristippus
               .
               Another
               time
               as
               he
               was
               eating
               of
               dryed
               Figs
               he
               met
               with
               Plato
               ,
               and
               said
               to
               him
               ;
               You
               may
               take
               part
               with
               me
               if
               you
               please
               :
               but
               he
               taking
               some
               and
               eating
               them
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               I
               said
               thou
               mightest
               take
               part
               with
               me
               ,
               not
               ,
               that
               thou
               mightest
               Eat
               .
            
             
               As
               on
               a
               time
               he
               trod
               upon
               his
               Carpets
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               invited
               his
               Friends
               that
               were
               
               come
               from
               King
               Dionys
               to
               see
               him
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               I
               tread
               upon
               
               Plato's
               Vanity
               :
               He
               replied
               ,
               How
               great
               a
               Pride
               dost
               thou
               discover
               Diogenes
               ,
               while
               thou
               strivest
               to
               appear
               humble
               !
               Others
               say
               ,
               Diogenes
               said
               ,
               I
               tread
               upon
               
               Plato's
               Pride
               ;
               and
               that
               he
               answered
               again
               ;
               But
               with
               another
               Pride
               ,
               Diogenes
               .
               But
               Sotion
               in
               his
               fourth
               Book
               saith
               ,
               the
               Cur
               said
               this
               to
               
                 Plato
                 .
                 Diogenes
              
               once
               begged
               a
               little
               Wine
               of
               him
               ,
               and
               also
               a
               few
               dryed
               Figs
               ,
               and
               he
               sent
               him
               a
               whole
               Cask
               .
               Upon
               which
               he
               said
               to
               him
               ,
               if
               one
               ask
               thee
               how
               much
               two
               and
               two
               is
               ,
               thou
               wilt
               say
               twenty
               ;
               and
               thus
               thou
               wilt
               neither
               give
               what
               one
               begs
               of
               thee
               ,
               nor
               answer
               what
               one
               asks
               thee
               .
               This
               he
               spoke
               Drolling
               upon
               him
               for
               his
               endless
               way
               of
               talking
               .
               Being
               asked
               in
               what
               part
               of
               Greece
               he
               had
               seen
               brave
               Men
               ,
               he
               answered
               ,
               I
               saw
               at
               Lacedaemon
               brave
               Boys
               ;
               but
               brave
               Men
               no
               where
               .
               He
               being
               one
               time
               discoursing
               upon
               a
               weighty
               Subject
               ,
               and
               no
               body
               coming
               near
               him
               ,
               he
               fell
               a
               tooting
               an
               idle
               tune
               .
               And
               as
               there
               were
               gathered
               a
               great
               Croud
               about
               him
               ,
               he
               upbraided
               them
               with
               their
               haste
               in
               coming
               to
               hear
               Impertinencies
               ,
               and
               their
               unconcerned
               Slackness
               in
               matters
               of
               Importance
               .
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               Men
               will
               strive
               for
               the
               Mastery
               in
               hunching
               and
               kicking
               ;
               but
               
               not
               a
               Man
               in
               true
               Worth
               and
               Goodness
               ▪
               He
               wonder'd
               at
               the
               Criticks
               ,
               that
               could
               so
               anxiously
               enquire
               into
               the
               Disasters
               of
               Vlysses
               ,
               and
               were
               ignorant
               of
               their
               own
               ▪
               He
               would
               say
               also
               ,
               that
               Musicians
               could
               tune
               the
               strings
               of
               a
               Lyre
               ,
               but
               left
               the
               Habits
               of
               their
               own
               Minds
               untuned
               ▪
               And
               that
               the
               Mathematicians
               pored
               upon
               the
               Sun
               and
               Moon
               ,
               but
               overlook'd
               the
               common
               things
               that
               were
               at
               their
               Feet
               ▪
               Likewise
               that
               the
               Lawyers
               kept
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               Pother
               about
               talking
               of
               Justice
               ,
               but
               never
               did
               it
               .
               Nay
               he
               said
               ,
               the
               Lover
               ▪
               of
               Money
               would
               speak
               much
               against
               it
               ,
               and
               yet
               lov'd
               it
               still
               entirely
               .
               He
               would
               often
               blame
               those
               that
               would
               commend
               honest
               Men
               for
               being
               above
               Money
               ,
               but
               would
               ,
               notwithstanding
               ,
               themselves
               emulate
               the
               moneyed
               Men.
               He
               would
               be
               very
               much
               mov'd
               to
               see
               Men
               offer
               Sacrifice
               to
               the
               Gods
               for
               their
               Health
               ,
               and
               yet
               would
               in
               time
               of
               Sacrifice
               eat
               contrary
               to
               their
               Health
               .
               He
               would
               say
               he
               much
               admired
               those
               Servants
               that
               looked
               on
               their
               Masters
               while
               they
               Gormandiz'd
               ,
               and
               yet
               snatch'd
               none
               of
               their
               Victuals
               from
               them
               .
               He
               would
               commend
               those
               that
               would
               talk
               of
               Marrying
               ,
               and
               never
               Marryed
               ;
               those
               that
               would
               talk
               of
               going
               to
               Sea
               ,
               and
               never
               went
               to
               Sea
               ;
               those
               that
               would
               talk
               of
               serving
               publick
               
               Offices
               ,
               and
               never
               served
               them
               ;
               those
               that
               would
               talk
               of
               keeping
               handsome
               Boys
               ,
               and
               never
               kept
               any
               ;
               and
               those
               that
               made
               Preparations
               to
               go
               to
               live
               with
               great
               Men
               ,
               and
               never
               came
               near
               them
               .
               He
               would
               also
               say
               ,
               A
               Man
               should
               reach
               out
               his
               Hand
               to
               his
               Friend
               with
               his
               Fingers
               unclaspt
               .
               Hermippus
               in
               his
               Sale
               of
               Diogenes
               saith
               ,
               How
               that
               being
               taken
               Captive
               and
               Sold
               ,
               and
               being
               ask'd
               what
               he
               could
               do
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               I
               can
               govern
               Men.
               And
               he
               said
               to
               the
               Cryer
               ,
               make
               an
               
                 O
                 yes
              
               ,
               and
               ask
               if
               any
               one
               will
               buy
               him
               a
               Master
               .
               Being
               forbidden
               to
               sit
               down
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Now
               I
               think
               on
               it
               ,
               it
               is
               no
               great
               matter
               ,
               for
               they
               buy
               Fish
               in
               what
               posture
               soever
               they
               lie
               .
               He
               said
               he
               much
               wondered
               that
               when
               we
               buy
               a
               Pot
               and
               a
               Lid
               ,
               we
               try
               them
               with
               our
               Fingers
               ;
               but
               when
               we
               buy
               a
               Man
               ,
               we
               are
               content
               with
               only
               seeing
               him
               .
               He
               told
               Xeniades
               ,
               that
               bought
               him
               ,
               he
               ought
               to
               be
               obedient
               to
               him
               ,
               though
               he
               was
               his
               Servant
               ;
               for
               that
               a
               Pilot
               or
               Physician
               ,
               though
               many
               times
               but
               Servants
               were
               yet
               obeyed
               .
               And
               *
               Eubulides
               saith
               in
               his
               Book
               entituled
               the
               Sale
               of
               Diogenes
               ,
               that
               accordingly
               he
               instructed
               the
               Sons
               of
               Xeniades
               after
               the
               other
               Sciences
               in
               Horsemanship
               ,
               Archery
               ,
               Slinging
               ,
               and
               Casting
               of
               Darts
               .
               And
               being
               at
               the
               place
               of
               the
               Games
               ,
               he
               would
               not
               suffer
               the
               
               Master
               of
               the
               Exercises
               to
               exercise
               them
               for
               the
               Games
               as
               was
               usual
               ,
               but
               he
               himself
               would
               do
               it
               ,
               only
               to
               get
               them
               a
               Colour
               ,
               and
               to
               preserve
               their
               Health
               .
               These
               Children
               also
               got
               by
               Heart
               many
               things
               out
               of
               the
               Poets
               and
               Historians
               ,
               and
               some
               things
               out
               of
               
               Diogenes's
               own
               Writings
               .
               And
               he
               was
               used
               to
               reduce
               every
               thing
               to
               an
               Abridgment
               for
               the
               ease
               of
               their
               Memories
               .
               He
               taught
               them
               within
               doors
               to
               be
               served
               with
               a
               slender
               Diet
               ,
               and
               to
               drink
               Water
               .
               He
               caused
               them
               also
               to
               be
               polled
               to
               the
               Skin
               ,
               and
               to
               go
               very
               plain
               in
               Habit
               ,
               without
               either
               Gown
               or
               Sandals
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               silent
               ,
               and
               to
               look
               only
               upon
               themselves
               as
               they
               went
               along
               .
               He
               also
               took
               them
               out
               a
               Hunting
               .
               And
               they
               took
               great
               Care
               of
               Diogenes
               ,
               and
               would
               often
               beg
               of
               their
               Parents
               for
               him
               .
               The
               same
               Author
               tells
               us
               ,
               that
               he
               lived
               with
               Xeniades
               until
               he
               was
               an
               old
               Man
               ,
               And
               that
               when
               he
               dyed
               ,
               he
               was
               buried
               by
               his
               Sons
               ;
               where
               Xeniades
               asking
               him
               how
               he
               would
               be
               buried
               ;
               he
               answered
               ,
               With
               my
               Face
               downward
               :
               And
               when
               he
               asked
               him
               why
               so
               ?
               Because
               shortly
               (
               said
               he
               )
               the
               lower
               side
               will
               be
               uppermost
               .
               This
               he
               said
               ,
               because
               the
               Macedonian
               Interest
               was
               already
               grown
               great
               ,
               or
               because
               mean
               People
               were
               then
               advanc'd
               to
               great
               Places
               .
               When
               one
               brought
               him
               
               to
               a
               brave
               House
               ,
               and
               bid
               him
               not
               Spit
               after
               he
               had
               perceiv'd
               him
               to
               hawk
               ,
               he
               spit
               full
               in
               his
               face
               ,
               saying
               in
               his
               own
               Excuse
               ,
               he
               could
               find
               ne'er
               a
               worse
               place
               to
               spit
               in
               .
               But
               some
               ascribe
               this
               to
               Aristippus
               .
               On
               a
               certain
               time
               he
               called
               out
               aloud
               ,
               Ho!
               you
               Men
               ;
               and
               when
               they
               were
               come
               together
               ,
               he
               struck
               at
               them
               with
               his
               Staff
               ;
               saying
               ,
               it
               was
               Men
               I
               call'd
               for
               ,
               not
               Rogues
               .
               This
               we
               are
               told
               by
               Hecato
               in
               his
               first
               Book
               of
               Sayings
               .
               They
               say
               ,
               that
               Alexander
               said
               ;
               If
               he
               had
               not
               been
               Alexander
               ,
               he
               would
               have
               been
               Diogenes
               .
               He
               was
               us'd
               to
               say
               ;
               Those
               were
               not
               *
               Anaperoi
               (
               that
               is
               maimed
               People
               )
               that
               were
               deaf
               and
               blind
               ,
               but
               
               that
               had
               no
               Pera
               (
               that
               is
               a
               Scrip.
               )
               He
               came
               once
               half
               trimmed
               into
               the
               young
               mens
               Club
               (
               as
               Metrocles
               in
               his
               Sayings
               informs
               us
               )
               and
               was
               there
               beaten
               by
               them
               .
               But
               afterwards
               he
               wrote
               down
               the
               Names
               of
               them
               that
               beat
               him
               ,
               upon
               a
               white
               Table
               ,
               and
               went
               about
               the
               Streets
               exposing
               it
               to
               publick
               View
               ;
               and
               thus
               he
               exposed
               them
               to
               Contempt
               ,
               making
               them
               to
               be
               Condemn'd
               ,
               and
               much
               blamed
               of
               all
               .
               He
               would
               say
               ,
               he
               was
               the
               commended
               man's
               dog
               ,
               but
               that
               none
               of
               the
               Commenders
               durst
               take
               him
               with
               them
               a
               Hunting
               .
               To
               one
               that
               said
               to
               him
               ,
               I
               have
               got
               the
               day
               of
               the
               men
               in
               the
               Pythian
               Games
               ,
               he
               answered
               ,
               It
               is
               I
               have
               the
               day
               of
               the
               men
               ,
               but
               thou
               
               of
               the
               Slaves
               .
               To
               some
               that
               said
               to
               him
               ,
               thou
               ▪
               art
               an
               Old
               man
               ,
               slacken
               a
               little
               now
               ;
               he
               answered
               ,
               What
               if
               I
               were
               running
               of
               a
               Race
               ,
               should
               I
               slacken
               towards
               the
               End
               or
               mend
               my
               Pace
               ?
               Being
               invited
               to
               Dinner
               ,
               he
               said
               he
               would
               not
               come
               ;
               for
               he
               had
               no
               Thanks
               Yesterday
               for
               coming
               .
               He
               would
               walk
               upon
               the
               Snow
               with
               his
               bare
               Feet
               ,
               and
               do
               such
               other
               things
               as
               were
               above
               spoken
               of
               .
               He
               did
               also
               essay
               to
               eat
               raw
               meat
               ,
               but
               could
               not
               digest
               it
               .
               He
               once
               catch'd
               Demosthenes
               dining
               at
               a
               publick
               house
               ,
               and
               as
               he
               went
               to
               steal
               away
               ,
               he
               said
               to
               him
               ;
               Thou
               wilt
               be
               so
               much
               the
               more
               in
               a
               publick
               house
               .
               Certain
               Strangers
               being
               once
               desirous
               to
               see
               Demosthenes
               ,
               he
               reached
               out
               his
               *
               middle
               Finger
               and
               said
               ,
               This
               is
               the
               Athenians
               *
               Rabble
               Guide
               .
               As
               one
               threw
               out
               a
               piece
               of
               Bread
               and
               was
               asham'd
               to
               take
               it
               up
               again
               ,
               he
               willing
               to
               reprove
               his
               Folly
               ,
               tyed
               a
               string
               to
               the
               Neck
               of
               an
               Earthen
               Pot
               ,
               and
               drew
               it
               after
               him
               across
               the
               *
               Potters
               Yard
               .
               He
               was
               used
               to
               say
               ,
               he
               did
               imitate
               Musick-masters
               ;
               for
               they
               were
               wont
               to
               go
               higher
               than
               the
               Note
               ,
               that
               others
               might
               hit
               the
               true
               Note
               .
               He
               us'd
               to
               say
               ,
               That
               most
               men
               were
               within
               a
               Finger
               of
               Madness
               :
               For
               that
               if
               a
               Man
               as
               he
               goes
               along
               put
               out
               his
               middle-Finger
               ,
               he
               will
               be
               thought
               to
               be
               mad
               ;
               but
               if
               he
               
               put
               out
               his
               Fore-Finger
               ,
               he
               will
               be
               in
               his
               right
               Wits
               .
               He
               used
               to
               say
               ;
               That
               things
               of
               most
               value
               were
               sold
               for
               nothing
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               contrary
               ;
               for
               that
               a
               Statue
               would
               ●●●●
               three
               Thousand
               Silver
               Drachmaes
               ,
               and
               
               ●●
               Bushel
               of
               Meal
               ,
               but
               two
               small
               pieces
               of
               Copper
               .
               He
               said
               to
               Xeniades
               ,
               that
               brought
               him
               ;
               Come
               let
               me
               see
               how
               you
               will
               do
               what
               you
               are
               bidden
               ,
               and
               he
               replied
               ,
               
                 
                   Rivers
                   swift
                   Streams
                   unto
                   their
                   Springs
                   return
                   .
                
              
            
             
               He
               said
               ,
               If
               in
               your
               Sickness
               you
               had
               bought
               you
               a
               Doctor
               ,
               would
               not
               you
               be
               obedient
               to
               him
               ,
               and
               not
               say
               ,
               
                 Rivers
                 swift
                 Streams
                 unto
                 their
                 Springs
                 return
                 ?
              
            
             
               One
               would
               fain
               have
               come
               to
               him
               to
               learn
               Philosophy
               of
               him
               ,
               and
               he
               gave
               him
               a
               Hough
               of
               Bacon
               to
               carry
               ,
               and
               made
               him
               follow
               him
               :
               But
               as
               he
               flung
               it
               down
               for
               very
               shame
               ,
               and
               went
               his
               way
               :
               So
               sometime
               after
               he
               meeting
               him
               ,
               laugh'd
               at
               him
               ,
               and
               said
               ,
               the
               Bacon
               Hough
               hath
               dissolved
               the
               Friendship
               betwixt
               me
               and
               thee
               .
               But
               Diocles
               tells
               us
               the
               Story
               thus
               .
               One
               saying
               to
               him
               ,
               give
               me
               your
               Command
               ,
               Diogenes
               ;
               he
               took
               him
               along
               with
               him
               ,
               and
               gave
               him
               half
               an
               Obolus
               worth
               of
               Cheese
               to
               carry
               ;
               but
               he
               refusing
               it
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Half
               an
               Obolus
               worth
               of
               Cheese
               hath
               dissolved
               
               the
               Friendship
               betwixt
               me
               and
               thee
               .
               Seeing
               once
               a
               little
               Boy
               drinking
               Water
               out
               of
               the
               Hollow
               of
               his
               Hand
               ,
               he
               took
               his
               little
               Dish
               out
               of
               his
               Scrip
               ,
               and
               threw
               it
               away
               ,
               saying
               ;
               This
               little
               Boy
               hath
               out-done
               me
               in
               Frugality
               .
               He
               threw
               away
               his
               Bowl
               also
               ,
               when
               he
               likewise
               saw
               another
               little
               Boy
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               broken
               his
               Dish
               ,
               receiving
               his
               Lentile
               Pottage
               into
               a
               hollow
               piece
               of
               Bread.
               He
               would
               also
               argue
               that
               all
               things
               are
               the
               Gods.
               And
               wise
               Men
               are
               the
               Gods
               Friends
               ,
               and
               Friends
               have
               all
               things
               common
               ;
               therefore
               all
               things
               are
               wise
               Mens
               .
               Seeing
               on
               a
               time
               a
               Woman
               Prostrating
               her self
               to
               the
               Gods
               after
               an
               unseemly
               manner
               ,
               and
               willing
               to
               free
               her
               from
               her
               *
               slavish
               fear
               
               (
               as
               Zoilus
               of
               Perga
               relates
               )
               he
               came
               to
               her
               and
               said
               ,
               Art
               thou
               not
               afraid
               ,
               Woman
               ,
               least
               God
               should
               stand
               behind
               thee
               ;
               (
               for
               he
               fills
               all
               places
               with
               his
               Presence
               )
               and
               see
               thy
               unseemly
               Posture
               ?
               He
               devoted
               the
               Picture
               of
               a
               Club-man
               to
               Aesculapius
               ,
               which
               as
               People
               threw
               themselves
               down
               upon
               their
               Faces
               ,
               ran
               to
               them
               and
               broke
               their
               Heads
               .
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               That
               the
               Curses
               in
               the
               Tragedies
               were
               all
               light
               upon
               him
               ;
               for
               he
               was
               without
               City
               ,
               without
               House
               ,
               without
               Country
               ,
               Poor
               ,
               a
               wanderer
               ,
               and
               had
               but
               one
               days
               Provision
               .
               He
               often
               said
               ,
               he
               opposed
               
               Magnanimity
               to
               Fortune
               ,
               Nature
               to
               Law
               ,
               and
               Reason
               to
               Passion
               .
               As
               he
               was
               Sunning
               himself
               one
               day
               in
               the
               
                 Craneon
                 ,
                 Alexander
              
               standing
               by
               him
               ,
               said
               ,
               Ask
               of
               me
               what
               thou
               wilt
               ,
               and
               thou
               shalt
               have
               it
               ;
               he
               answered
               ,
               Stand
               out
               of
               my
               Light.
               As
               one
               was
               reading
               a
               tedious
               Discourse
               ,
               and
               at
               last
               disclosed
               the
               Blank
               at
               the
               end
               of
               the
               Book
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Courage
               my
               Masters
               I
               see
               Land.
               When
               one
               would
               prove
               by
               a
               Syllogism
               ,
               that
               he
               had
               Horns
               ,
               he
               clapped
               his
               Hand
               to
               his
               Forehead
               and
               said
               I
               feel
               none
               .
               In
               like
               manner
               ,
               when
               one
               offered
               to
               prove
               there
               was
               no
               motion
               ,
               he
               rose
               up
               and
               walked
               about
               .
               To
               one
               that
               discoursed
               of
               the
               Heavenly
               Bodies
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               How
               long
               is
               it
               since
               thou
               camest
               from
               Heaven
               ?
               A
               wicked
               Eunuch
               having
               written
               upon
               his
               House
               ,
               
                 LET
                 NO
                 ILL
                 THING
                 COME
                 IN
                 HERE
                 ,
              
               He
               said
               ,
               Which
               way
               will
               the
               Master
               of
               the
               House
               come
               in
               ?
               As
               he
               anointed
               his
               Feet
               with
               Perfumed
               Ointments
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               The
               Perfume
               goes
               up
               from
               the
               Head
               into
               the
               Air
               ,
               but
               from
               the
               Feet
               into
               the
               Nose
               .
               When
               the
               Athenians
               advised
               him
               to
               be
               initiated
               ,
               affirming
               that
               such
               as
               were
               admitted
               to
               those
               Secrets
               ,
               shall
               obtain
               Preheminence
               in
               the
               Nether
               World
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               It
               would
               be
               an
               absurd
               thing
               ,
               if
               Agesilaus
               and
               Epaminondas
               must
               live
               in
               Mire
               ,
               
               and
               certain
               mean
               Fellows
               ,
               if
               but
               ini●ated
               ,
               be
               in
               the
               Islands
               of
               the
               Happy
               ▪
               As
               he
               saw
               Mice
               creeping
               upon
               his
               Table
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Look
               you
               here
               ,
               Diogo●es
               also
               feeds
               Parasites
               .
               When
               Plato
               called
               him
               Dog
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Very
               right
               ,
               for
               *
               I
               am
               returned
               to
               those
               that
               sold
               me
               .
               When
               o●●
               asked
               him
               as
               he
               was
               coming
               out
               of
               ●●e
               Bagnio
               ,
               Whether
               there
               were
               many
               M●●
               a
               Bathing
               ,
               he
               answered
               ,
               No
               :
               But
               to
               another
               that
               asked
               ,
               whether
               there
               was
               a
               great
               Croud
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Yes
               .
               Plato
               having
               desired
               a
               Man
               to
               be
               an
               Animal
               with
               two
               Legs
               ,
               without
               Feathers
               ,
               and
               having
               gaine
               great
               applause
               thereby
               ,
               he
               stript
               a
               C●…
               ,
               and
               brought
               him
               into
               his
               School
               ,
               and
               〈…〉
               ,
               here
               is
               
               Plato's
               Man
               for
               you
               :
               which
               occasioned
               him
               to
               add
               to
               his
               Definition
               ,
               
                 With
                 broad
                 Nails
              
               .
               To
               one
               that
               asked
               him
               what
               time
               of
               Day
               was
               best
               for
               a
               Man
               to
               〈…〉
               his
               Dinner
               in
               ,
               he
               answered
               ,
               If
               he
               be
               a
               rich
               Man
               ,
               when
               he
               will
               ;
               but
               if
               a
               p●●●
               Man
               ,
               when
               he
               can
               get
               Meat
               .
               Seeing
               among
               the
               Megaricks
               their
               *
               Sheep
               clad
               with
               Skins
               ,
               and
               their
               Children
               nak●●
               he
               said
               ,
               It
               is
               better
               to
               be
               a
               M●g●…
               Ram
               ,
               than
               his
               Son.
               To
               one
               that
               hi●
               〈…〉
               with
               a
               piece
               of
               Timber
               ,
               and
               afterward
               said
               have
               a
               Care
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               Dost
               thou
               ●●tend
               to
               strike
               me
               again
               ?
               He
               called
               ●●
               Oratours
               the
               Waiting-men
               of
               the
               Rabb●●
               
               and
               Garlands
               ,
               the
               *
               Buddings
               out
               of
               Glory
               .
               Once
               he
               highted
               a
               Candle
               at
               Noon
               day
               ,
               and
               said
               I
               look
               for
               a
               Man.
               He
               stood
               once
               under
               a
               great
               Spout
               of
               Water
               ,
               and
               when
               they
               that
               stood
               about
               him
               much
               pittied
               him
               ,
               Plato
               being
               there
               also
               ,
               said
               ,
               If
               you
               design
               him
               any
               Kindness
               ,
               go
               from
               him
               ,
               intimating
               his
               Vain-glory.
               As
               one
               gave
               him
               a
               ●low
               on
               the
               head
               with
               his
               Knuckle
               ,
               Hercules
               (
               said
               he
               )
               What
               a
               thing
               have
               I
               been
               all
               this
               while
               ignorant
               of
               ,
               that
               one
               should
               walk
               about
               with
               a
               Helmet
               on
               ?
               But
               when
               Midias
               struck
               him
               on
               the
               head
               with
               his
               Knuckle
               ,
               and
               said
               ,
               There
               is
               three
               Thousand
               Drachmaes
               upon
               the
               Table
               for
               thee
               .
               The
               next
               day
               he
               took
               the
               *
               Gamesters
               Strapping
               Leathers
               ,
               and
               thresh'd
               him
               soundly
               ,
               and
               then
               said
               ,
               there
               is
               three
               Thousand
               Drachmaes
               upon
               the
               Table
               for
               thee
               .
               Lysi●●
               the
               Apothecary
               asking
               him
               ,
               whether
               he
               thought
               there
               were
               any
               Gods
               or
               no
               ;
               he
               answered
               ,
               How
               can
               I
               do
               otherwise
               ,
               when
               I
               believe
               thee
               to
               be
               their
               Enemy
               ?
               but
               there
               are
               some
               that
               say
               ,
               Theodorus
               said
               this
               .
               When
               he
               saw
               one
               besprinkling
               himself
               with
               Water
               ,
               he
               said
               unto
               him
               ,
               Miserable
               Wretch
               !
               Dost
               thou
               not
               know
               ,
               that
               as
               thou
               canst
               not
               by
               sprinkling
               free
               my self
               from
               the
               Errours
               of
               Grammar
               ,
               no
               more
               canst
               thou
               from
               the
               Errours
               of
               Life
               .
               He
               was
               used
               to
               blame
               
               Men
               about
               their*
               Prayers
               ,
               saying
               ,
               they
               
               asked
               for
               the
               good
               things
               ,
               that
               seemed
               shed
               to
               them
               ,
               and
               not
               for
               those
               that
               were
               such
               indeed
               .
               To
               such
               as
               were
               frighted
               with
               dreams
               ,
               he
               would
               say
               ,
               They
               took
               no
               notice
               of
               what
               they
               did
               when
               awake
               ;
               but
               busied
               themselves
               mightily
               about
               what
               they
               fancied
               in
               their
               Sleep
               .
               As
               the
               Herald
               proclaimed
               at
               the
               Olympic
               Games
               ,
               Dioxipp●●
               wins
               the
               day
               of
               the
               men
               ,
               he
               said
               he
               w●●
               the
               day
               of
               the
               Slaves
               ,
               and
               I
               of
               the
               men
               .
               He
               was
               very
               much
               belov'd
               of
               the
               Athenians
               .
               Therefore
               when
               a
               young
               Fellow
               had
               broken
               his
               Tub
               ,
               they
               ordered
               him
               to
               be
               beaten
               ,
               and
               gave
               him
               another
               Tub.
               Dionysius
               the
               Stoic
               ,
               saith
               ,
               He
               was
               taken
               after
               the
               Battle
               at
               Chaeronea
               ,
               and
               carried
               away
               to
               King
               Philip
               ;
               and
               being
               asked
               what
               he
               was
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               I
               am
               a
               Spyer
               out
               of
               thy
               unsatiable
               Covetousness
               ;
               upon
               which
               he
               was
               admired
               ,
               and
               set
               free
               .
               Alexander
               once
               sending
               a
               Letter
               by
               one
               Athlias
               to
               Antipater
               at
               Athens
               ,
               he
               being
               in
               the
               Company
               ,
               said
               ,
               Athlias
               ,
               (
               that
               is
               miserable
               )
               from
               Athlias
               ,
               by
               Athlias
               ,
               to
               Athlias
               .
               When
               Perdicca
               threatned
               him
               ,
               that
               if
               he
               would
               not
               come
               to
               him
               ,
               he
               would
               kill
               him
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               A
               great
               piece
               of
               Business
               ,
               a
               Fly
               ,
               or
               a
               Spider
               can
               do
               that
               .
               He
               would
               have
               had
               him
               rather
               to
               have
               threatned
               him
               with
               this
               ;
               Though
               I
               must
               
               live
               without
               thee
               ,
               I
               will
               yet
               live
               happily
               .
               He
               would
               often
               cry
               out
               and
               say
               ,
               that
               the
               Gods
               had
               made
               the
               way
               to
               live
               very
               easy
               ,
               but
               that
               it
               was
               hidden
               from
               such
               as
               ●ought
               for
               Comfits
               and
               Perfumes
               ,
               and
               other
               such
               like
               things
               ;
               which
               made
               him
               say
               to
               one
               who
               had
               his
               Shoos
               put
               on
               by
               his
               Man
               ,
               Thou
               art
               not
               quite
               happy
               yet
               ,
               if
               he
               doth
               not
               blow
               thy
               Nose
               for
               thee
               too
               ,
               and
               that
               thou
               mayest
               have
               done
               for
               thee
               ,
               if
               thou
               wilt
               but
               cut
               off
               thy
               Hands
               .
               Seeing
               once
               the
               *
               sacred
               Remembrancers
               leading
               along
               a
               Man
               that
               had
               stolen
               a
               certain
               Sacrificing
               Bowl
               out
               of
               the
               Repository
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               Do
               not
               the
               greater
               Thieves
               lead
               along
               the
               lesser
               .
               Seeing
               once
               a
               young
               Fellow
               casting
               Stones
               at
               a
               Cross
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               VVell
               aim'd
               Boy
               ,
               thou
               wilt
               hit
               the
               mark
               at
               last
               .
               When
               certain
               young
               Fellows
               stood
               about
               him
               and
               said
               ,
               We
               are
               afraid
               thou
               wilt
               bite
               us
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               Never
               fear
               it
               Boys
               ;
               a
               Dog
               won't
               eat
               Beets
               .
               To
               one
               that
               prided
               himself
               in
               a
               Lyons
               Skin
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               Leave
               off
               to
               disgrace
               the
               Coverings
               of
               Valour
               .
               To
               one
               that
               called
               Callisthenes
               happy
               Man
               ,
               and
               mentioned
               how
               nobly
               he
               was
               treated
               by
               Alexander
               ;
               He
               is
               therefore
               an
               unhappy
               Man
               (
               said
               he
               )
               that
               can
               neither
               dine
               nor
               Sup
               ,
               but
               when
               Alexander
               pleases
               .
               When
               he
               wanted
               money
               ,
               he
               would
               say
               he
               would
               go
               get
               his
               Friends
               
               to
               pay
               him
               some
               ,
               not
               to
               give
               him
               some
               As
               once
               he
               filthily
               abused
               himself
               in
               the
               Publick
               Morket-place
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               O
               thee
               rubbing
               ones
               Stomach
               would
               keep
               away
               Hunger
               !
               As
               be
               saw
               a
               young
               Man
               going
               to
               Supper
               with
               certain
               great
               Men
               ,
               he
               pluck'd
               him
               from
               them
               ,
               and
               brought
               him
               away
               to
               his
               Friends
               ,
               and
               charged
               them
               to
               shut
               him
               up
               .
               To
               a
               ●…cal
               Young
               man
               that
               asked
               him
               a
               Question
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               He
               would
               not
               tell
               him
               ,
               till
               he
               took
               up
               his
               Cloths
               ,
               and
               satisfied
               him
               whether
               he
               was
               a
               Man
               or
               a
               Woman
               .
               To
               a
               Youth
               that
               play'd
               at
               *
               Cottabus
               in
               a
               Bagnio
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               The
               better
               thou
               dost
               it
               ,
               the
               worse
               .
               Once
               at
               supper
               time
               some
               thr●●
               him
               Scraps
               of
               Bones
               as
               to
               a
               Dog
               ,
               and
               became
               and
               pist
               upon
               them
               like
               a
               Dog
               ,
               and
               went
               his
               ways
               .
               The
               Orators
               ,
               and
               all
               such
               as
               sought
               after
               Fame
               ,
               he
               would
               〈…〉
               Thrice-Men
               ,
               instead
               of
               Thrice-wretched
               A
               rich
               Man
               without
               Earning
               ,
               he
               would
               call
               a
               Sheep
               with
               a
               golden
               Fleece
               .
               Seeing
               written
               upon
               a
               Prodigal's
               House
               ,
               
                 TO
                 BE
                 SOLD
              
               ,
               He
               said
               ,
               I
               knew
               thou
               wouldest
               easily
               spew
               out
               thy
               Master
               ,
               thou
               wast
               so
               full
               of
               Surfeits
               .
               To
               a
               young
               Man
               that
               very
               much
               complain'd
               of
               the
               multitude
               of
               such
               as
               came
               to
               trouble
               him
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Leave
               off
               to
               make
               signs
               of
               an
               affected
               uneasiness
               Of
               a
               dirty
               Bath
               he
               said
               ,
               Where
               must
               they
               
               wash
               that
               wash
               here
               ?
               A
               rude
               minstrel
               being
               discommended
               by
               all
               the
               Company
               ,
               he
               alone
               commended
               him
               ,
               and
               being
               demanded
               his
               reason
               ,
               he
               answered
               ,
               Because
               being
               no
               better
               than
               he
               is
               ,
               he
               yet
               chuses
               rather
               to
               fiddle
               than
               to
               steal
               .
               A
               Minstrel
               that
               was
               always
               forsaken
               by
               his
               Company
               ,
               he
               saluted
               thus
               ,
               Hail
               Mr.
               Cock
               ;
               and
               when
               he
               asked
               of
               him
               the
               reason
               of
               his
               Salutation
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Because
               when
               thou
               tunest
               ,
               thou
               raisest
               every
               Body
               up
               .
               As
               many
               stood
               gazing
               upon
               a
               young
               Youth
               ,
               he
               stood
               just
               before
               them
               ,
               and
               filled
               his
               Bosom
               full
               of
               Lupins
               ,
               and
               *
               fell
               a
               eating
               them
               .
               And
               as
               the
               Company
               stared
               upon
               him
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               He
               wondered
               how
               they
               came
               to
               leave
               looking
               on
               the
               Youth
               to
               stare
               upon
               him
               .
               When
               a
               Man
               that
               was
               excessive
               superstitious
               ,
               said
               unto
               him
               ,
               I
               will
               cleave
               thy
               Head
               in
               two
               at
               a
               Blow
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               But
               I
               will
               *
               sneeze
               on
               the
               left
               and
               make
               thee
               tremble
               .
               As
               Hegesius
               entreated
               him
               to
               lend
               him
               some
               of
               his
               Writings
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Thou
               art
               a
               Fool
               ,
               that
               when
               thou
               wilt
               not
               chuse
               painted
               Figs
               ,
               but
               real
               ones
               ,
               wilt
               yet
               neglect
               a
               real
               Exercise
               ,
               and
               desire
               a
               *
               painted
               one
               .
               To
               one
               that
               upbraided
               him
               with
               his
               Exile
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               My
               Exile
               ,
               wretched
               man
               ,
               was
               the
               occasion
               of
               my
               being
               a
               Philosopher
               .
               Again
               to
               another
               that
               said
               ,
               The
               Sinopeses
               have
               condemned
               
               thee
               to
               Banishment
               ;
               he
               replied
               ,
               And
               I
               have
               condemn'd
               them
               to
               stay
               at
               home
               ▪
               Seing
               once
               an
               Olympic
               Victor
               feeding
               Sheep
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               Good
               sir
               ,
               you
               are
               suddenly
               past
               from
               the
               Olympian
               to
               the
               *
               Nemean
               (
               that
               is
               feeding
               )
               Games
               .
               Being
               asked
               why
               the
               Gamesters
               were
               men
               of
               no
               Sense
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Because
               they
               were
               built
               up
               of
               Beef
               and
               Bacon
               .
               He
               was
               once
               very
               importunate
               to
               have
               a
               Statue
               set
               up
               for
               him
               ,
               and
               being
               asked
               his
               Reason
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               I
               study
               to
               be
               disappointed
               .
               As
               he
               begged
               something
               of
               one
               (
               for
               he
               used
               to
               beg
               at
               first
               by
               reason
               of
               his
               great
               Poverty
               )
               he
               said
               ,
               If
               thou
               ever
               gavest
               to
               any
               other
               man
               ,
               give
               also
               to
               me
               ;
               but
               if
               thou
               never
               gavest
               to
               any
               ,
               begin
               with
               me
               .
               Being
               once
               asked
               by
               a
               Tyrant
               ,
               what
               sort
               of
               Copper
               was
               the
               best
               to
               make
               a
               Statue
               of
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               That
               sort
               that
               Harmodius
               and
               
               Aristogeition's
               were
               made
               of
               .
               Being
               asked
               how
               King
               Dionys
               used
               his
               Favourites
               ,
               he
               replied
               ,
               Like
               bags
               ,
               for
               he
               hang'd
               up
               the
               full
               ones
               ,
               and
               threw
               the
               empty
               ones
               aside
               .
               A
               new
               married
               Man
               having
               written
               upon
               his
               House
               .
               
                 THE
                 SON
                 OF
                 JVPITER
                 ,
                 HER
                 CVLES
                 ,
                 THE
                 GALLANT
                 CONQVEROR
                 LIVES
                 HERE
                 ,
                 LET
                 NO
                 BAD
                 THING
                 ENTER
              
               ;
               He
               wrote
               under
               it
               .
               
                 THE
                 RECRVITS
                 CAME
                 AFTER
                 
                 THE
                 ENGAGEMENT
                 .
              
               He
               would
               say
               ,
               The
               Love
               of
               Money
               was
               the
               Metropolis
               of
               all
               Evils
               .
               Seeing
               a
               Prodigal
               eating
               of
               Olives
               in
               a
               Victualling-House
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               If
               thou
               hadst
               din'd
               thus
               ,
               thou
               wouldest
               not
               have
               supped
               thus
               .
               He
               would
               say
               ,
               Good
               men
               were
               the
               Images
               of
               the
               Gods
               :
               and
               that
               Love
               was
               idle
               mens
               Business
               .
               Being
               asked
               ,
               what
               was
               the
               most
               unhappy
               thing
               in
               humane
               Life
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               an
               indigent
               Old
               man.
               Being
               asked
               what
               sort
               of
               Beast
               hit
               worst
               ,
               he
               said
               of
               Wild
               Beasts
               ,
               a
               Detracter
               ,
               and
               of
               tame
               Beasts
               ,
               a
               Flatterer
               .
               Seeing
               once
               a
               Centaur
               very
               ill
               drawn
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Which
               of
               these
               is
               *
               Chiron
               (
               that
               is
               the
               worst
               ?
               )
               Smooth
               Language
               he
               would
               say
               ,
               was
               a
               Sugared
               Halter
               .
               He
               would
               say
               ,
               the
               Belly
               was
               the
               Charybdis
               of
               ones
               Livelihood
               .
               Hearing
               once
               that
               Didymon
               the
               Adulterer
               was
               apprehended
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               he
               deserv'd
               to
               be
               hanged
               up
               *
               by
               his
               Name
               .
               Being
               asked
               why
               Gold
               looked
               Pale
               ,
               he
               replied
               ,
               Because
               it
               hath
               many
               lying
               in
               wait
               to
               catch
               it
               .
               Seeing
               a
               Woman
               riding
               in
               a
               Sedan
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               The
               trap
               is
               not
               big
               enough
               for
               the
               Beast
               .
               Seeing
               a
               Fugitive
               Servant
               sitting
               upon
               a
               *
               Well
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Have
               a
               Care
               young
               man
               you
               do
               not
               fall
               in
               .
               When
               he
               saw
               a
               Cloaths-stealer
               in
               a
               Bagnio
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Art
               thou
               come
               for
               
               *
               Aleintation
               (
               that
               is
               a
               little
               Ointment
               ,
               )
               or
               All'heimation
               (
               that
               is
               some
               other
               so●●
               of
               Garment
               ?
               )
               Seeing
               on
               a
               time
               a
               Woman
               hanging
               upon
               an
               Olive-tree
               ,
               ●e
               said
               ,
               O
               that
               all
               trees
               bare
               such
               Fruit
               !
               Seeing
               one
               of
               those
               that
               used
               to
               strip
               dead
               People
               of
               their
               Cloths
               ,
               he
               said
               ;
               
                 
                   —
                   What
                   dost
                   thou
                   here
                   Friend
                   ?
                
                 
                   One
                   of
                   the
                   Dead
                   to
                   strip
                   dost
                   thou
                   intend
                   ?
                
              
            
             
               Being
               asked
               by
               one
               ,
               whether
               he
               had
               either
               a
               Girl
               or
               a
               Boy
               to
               his
               Servant
               ?
               he
               said
               ,
               No.
               And
               he
               saying
               to
               him
               ;
               if
               he
               chanced
               to
               dye
               ,
               who
               should
               bury
               him
               ?
               he
               said
               ,
               He
               that
               should
               have
               occasion
               for
               the
               House
               .
               When
               he
               saw
               a
               handsome
               Boy
               carelessly
               Sleeping
               ,
               he
               punched
               him
               with
               his
               finger
               ,
               and
               said
               ,
               arise
               ,
               
                 Lest
                 as
                 thou
                 sleep'st
                 one
                 run
                 thee
                 in
                 the
                 Back
              
            
             
               To
               one
               that
               bought
               up
               very
               costly
               Provisions
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 
                   Thou
                   'lt
                   quickly
                   dye
                   Boy
                   ,
                   why
                   dost
                   buy
                   such
                   things
                   ?
                
              
            
             
               As
               Plato
               was
               discoursing
               *
               of
               abstracted
               Forms
               (
               or
               Notions
               )
               and
               chanced
               to
               name
               Table-hood
               and
               Cup-hood
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Good
               Mr.
               Plato
               ,
               I
               see
               here
               a
               Table
               and
               a
               Cup
               ,
               but
               can
               see
               no
               Table-hood
               nor
               Cup-hood
               ▪
               to
               which
               he
               replied
               ,
               Thou
               sayest
               well
               ,
               for
               thou
               hast
               indeed
               Eyes
               which
               serve
               to
               see
               a
               Cup
               or
               a
               Table
               ,
               but
               hast
               not
               that
               Intellectualness
               
               that
               must
               discern
               Table-hood
               and
               Cup-hood
               .
               Being
               asked
               ,
               which
               he
               thought
               the
               best
               time
               to
               marry
               in
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Young
               men
               should
               never
               marry
               ,
               nor
               old
               men
               ever
               .
               Being
               asked
               by
               one
               what
               he
               would
               take
               to
               let
               him
               give
               him
               a
               blow
               on
               the
               head
               with
               his
               Knuckle
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               A
               Helmet
               .
               Seeing
               a
               young
               man
               finically
               drest
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               If
               thou
               dressest
               thy self
               for
               the
               Men
               ,
               thou
               loosest
               thy
               labour
               ;
               but
               if
               for
               the
               Women
               ,
               thou
               hast
               a
               naughty
               meaning
               .
               Seeing
               on
               a
               time
               a
               young
               man
               to
               blush
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Take
               heart
               my
               ●●d
               ;
               for
               that
               is
               the
               colour
               〈…〉
               Vertue
               .
               Hearing
               once
               one
               Lawyer
               impreaching
               the
               other
               of
               Theft
               ,
               he
               condemned
               them
               both
               ,
               saying
               ,
               The
               one
               had
               committed
               Theft
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               had
               lost
               nothing
               .
               Being
               asked
               what
               sort
               of
               Wine
               he
               loved
               best
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               That
               which
               I
               drink
               at
               other
               Mens
               Cost
               .
               To
               one
               that
               told
               him
               ,
               a
               great
               many
               laugh'd
               at
               him
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               but
               I
               am
               not
               laugh'd
               at
               .
               To
               one
               that
               said
               Life
               was
               an
               evil
               thing
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               It
               was
               not
               Life
               that
               was
               Evil
               ,
               but
               an
               evil
               Life
               .
               To
               such
               as
               counselled
               him
               to
               go
               look
               for
               his
               Servant
               that
               was
               run
               away
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               It
               would
               be
               an
               absurd
               thing
               if
               Manes
               could
               live
               without
               Diogenes
               ,
               and
               Diogenes
               could
               not
               live
               without
               Manes
               .
               As
               he
               was
               dining
               upon
               Olives
               ,
               and
               
               one
               presented
               him
               with
               a
               Cake
               ,
               hethrew
               it
               away
               ,
               and
               said
               ,
            
             
               Stranger
               be
               gone
               out
               of
               the
               way
               of
               King●
               .
            
             
               And
               another
               time
               upon
               the
               like
               occasion
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
            
             
               He
               lash'd
               ,
               and
               *
               drave
               along
               .
               —
            
             
               Being
               asked
               what
               sort
               of
               Dog
               he
               was
               he
               said
               ,
               When
               I
               am
               a
               hungry
               ,
               I
               am
               a
               Maltese
               (
               or
               Lap-Dog
               ;
               )
               but
               when
               my
               Belly
               is
               full
               ,
               I
               am
               a
               Molossian
               (
               or
               Mastiff
               )
               Most
               men
               do
               not
               Care
               to
               go
               a
               hunting
               with
               the
               Dogs
               they
               most
               Commend
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               great
               labour
               in
               following
               them
               ,
               no
               more
               are
               you
               able
               to
               live
               with
               me
               ,
               because
               you
               are
               afraid
               of
               my
               hardships
               .
               Being
               asked
               whether
               Philosophers
               could
               eat
               Cakes
               ,
               Ay
               (
               said
               he
               )
               they
               can
               eat
               any
               thing
               like
               other
               Men.
               Being
               asked
               why
               Men
               gave
               Alms
               to
               Beggars
               ,
               but
               nothing
               to
               Philosophers
               ,
               he
               answered
               ▪
               Because
               they
               expect
               to
               be
               lame
               and
               blind
               themselves
               ;
               but
               have
               no
               hopes
               of
               becoming
               Philosophers
               .
               He
               once
               begged
               an
               Alms
               of
               a
               very
               Covetous
               Man
               ,
               and
               seeing
               him
               backward
               to
               give
               him
               any
               thing
               ,
               he
               said
               to
               him
               ,
               Friend
               I
               beg
               of
               thee
               for
               my
               Nourishment
               ,
               and
               not
               for
               my
               
               Funeral
               .
               Being
               once
               twitted
               with
               having
               ,
               coined
               false
               Money
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Time
               was
               when
               I
               was
               such
               a
               one
               as
               thou
               art
               ;
               but
               thou
               wilt
               never
               be
               such
               a
               one
               as
               I
               now
               am
               .
               And
               to
               another
               that
               upbraided
               him
               with
               the
               same
               thing
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               I
               once
               pist
               a
               Bed
               too
               ,
               but
               I
               don
               't
               now
               .
               Coming
               once
               to
               Myndos
               ,
               and
               seeing
               their
               Gates
               very
               large
               ,
               and
               their
               City
               but
               small
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               You
               Men
               of
               Myndos
               ,
               I
               advise
               you
               to
               shut
               up
               your
               Gates
               for
               fear
               your
               Town
               should
               run
               out
               .
               Seeing
               once
               a
               Stealer
               of
               Purple
               apprehended
               in
               the
               very
               Act
               ,
               he
               said
               ;
               
                 
                   Strong
                   Fate
                   ,
                   and
                   Purple
                   Death
                   hath
                   on
                   thee
                   seiz'd
                   .
                
              
            
             
               When
               Craterus
               once
               invited
               him
               to
               come
               to
               live
               with
               him
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               I
               had
               rather
               lick
               Salt
               at
               Athens
               ,
               than
               live
               on
               the
               most
               delicious
               Fare
               with
               Craterus
               .
               As
               once
               he
               accosted
               Anaximenes
               the
               Oratour
               ,
               who
               was
               a
               very
               fat
               Man
               ,
               he
               said
               to
               him
               ,
               Give
               us
               poor
               folks
               some
               of
               you
               Belly
               ;
               for
               thereby
               you
               will
               both
               ease
               your self
               ,
               and
               benefit
               us
               .
               As
               he
               was
               once
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               his
               Harangue
               ,
               he
               held
               out
               a
               piece
               of
               hang'd
               Meat
               ,
               and
               diverted
               the
               Audience
               .
               At
               which
               when
               Anaximenes
               was
               much
               enrag'd
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               An
               Obolus
               worth
               of
               hang'd
               meat
               hath
               spoiled
               
               Anaximenes's
               Speech
               .
               Being
               
               once
               upbraided
               with
               having
               eaten
               his
               vi●●als
               in
               the
               Market-place
               ,
               he
               answer'd
               ,
               Why
               ,
               it
               was
               in
               the
               Market-place
               that
               I
               was
               Hungry
               .
               Some
               ascribe
               this
               also
               to
               him
               ,
               That
               Plato
               seeing
               him
               washing
               of
               Herbs
               ,
               came
               to
               him
               ,
               and
               said
               softly
               in
               his
               Ear
               ;
               Had●t
               thou
               made
               thy
               Court
               to
               Dionysius
               ,
               thou
               hadst
               not
               needed
               to
               have
               washed
               Herbs
               and
               that
               he
               answered
               him
               again
               as
               softly
               ▪
               If
               thou
               wouldst
               have
               washed
               Herbs
               ,
               thou
               wouldst
               not
               have
               made
               thy
               Court
               to
               Di●nysiu●
               .
               To
               one
               that
               told
               him
               ,
               that
               most
               People
               laughed
               at
               him
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Perhaps
               the
               Asses
               laugh
               at
               them
               :
               But
               ne●ther
               do
               they
               ●eed
               the
               Asses
               ,
               nor
               I
               them
               when
               he
               saw
               a
               young
               Youth
               addict
               himself
               to
               Philosophy
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               It
               is
               bravely
               done
               of
               thee
               ,
               to
               divert
               the
               Lovers
               of
               thy
               Body
               to
               the
               Beauty
               of
               thy
               Mind
               .
               As
               on●
               was
               admiring
               the
               great
               number
               of
               
               Votive
               Tables
               hung
               up
               in
               the
               Samoth●ac●●
               Temple
               ,
               by
               such
               as
               had
               escaped
               Shipwrack
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               There
               would
               have
               been
               a
               great
               many
               more
               ,
               if
               every
               one
               that
               was
               cast
               away
               had
               hung
               up
               one
               .
               But
               there
               are
               some
               that
               say
               ,
               this
               was
               spoken
               by
               Diag●ras
               the
               Melian
               .
               To
               a
               very
               handsome
               young
               Youth
               that
               was
               going
               to
               a
               Banque●
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Thou
               wilt
               come
               worse
               back
               ▪
               But
               when
               he
               came
               back
               ,
               he
               said
               to
               him
               the
               next
               ●day
               ;
               I
               am
               come
               back
               ,
               and
               am
               
               never
               the
               
               worse●●he
               said
               ,
               Thou
               art
               not
               become
               Chiran
               (
               that
               is
               worse
               )
               but
               B●●y●●e●
               (
               that
               is
               wider
               )
               He
               once
               beg'd
               of
               one
               a
               thing
               very
               difficult
               to
               be
               granted
               him
               ▪
               and
               the
               Party
               said
               to
               him
               ;
               Ay
               ,
               if
               you
               can
               perswade
               me
               to
               it
               ;
               he
               answered
               ,
               If
               I
               could
               have
               perswaded
               thee
               ,
               I
               would
               have
               bidden
               thee
               hang
               thy self
               .
               When
               he
               was
               coming
               back
               from
               L●●●d●●●●
               to
               Athens
               ,
               a
               certain
               Man
               asked
               him
               whither
               he
               was
               going
               and
               whence
               he
               was
               coming
               ?
               he
               answered
               ,
               I
               am
               co●ing
               from
               Manland
               ,
               and
               going
               to
               Womanland●
               ▪
               As
               he
               was
               returning
               from
               the
               Olympick
               Spectacle●
               ,
               and
               one
               asked
               him
               ,
               Whether
               there
               was
               a
               great
               Croud
               there
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               there
               was
               a
               very
               great
               Croud
               ,
               but
               a
               few
               Men.
               He
               compared
               Prodigals
               to
               Fig
               t●e●s
               that
               gr●w
               upon
               a
               steep
               Precipice
               ,
               of
               whose
               Fruit
               a
               Man
               never
               tastes
               ,
               but
               the
               Crows
               and
               the
               Vultures
               eat
               them
               .
               When
               Phryne
               the
               great
               Curtezan
               had
               see
               up
               a
               Golden
               Ve●●●
               at
               D●lph●
               ,
               he
               wrote
               these
               words
               upon
               her
               .
               
                 BY
                 THE
                 INTEMPERANCE
                 OF
                 THE
                 GREEKS
                 .
              
               As
               Alexander
               once
               stood
               by
               him
               and
               said
               ,
               I
               am
               Alexander
               the
               great
               King
               ;
               he
               replied
               ,
               And
               I
               am
               Diogen●s
               the
               Dog.
               Being
               asked
               what
               he
               did
               to
               be
               called
               Dog
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               I
               wa●
               my
               tail
               to
               those
               that
               give
               me
               any
               thing
               ;
               I
               bark
               
               at
               those
               that
               give
               me
               nothing
               ,
               and
               I
               bite
               those
               that
               do
               me
               harm
               .
               As
               he
               was
               picking
               of
               Figgs
               off
               a
               certain
               Fig-tree
               ,
               the
               Keeper
               said
               to
               him
               ,
               there
               was
               a
               Man
               hang'd
               on
               that
               Tree
               two
               days
               ago
               ;
               he
               replied
               ,
               Then
               I
               will
               Purify
               it
               .
               Seeing
               an
               Olympick
               Victor
               often
               fixing
               his
               Eye
               upon
               a
               Curtezan
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               Do
               you
               see
               how
               this
               Ram
               of
               
               Arimanes
               hath
               his
               Neck
               twisted
               about
               by
               a
               poor
               paltry
               Wench
               ?
               He
               would
               say
               ,
               Beautiful
               Curtezans
               were
               like
               poysoned
               Mede
               .
               As
               he
               was
               eating
               his
               Dinner
               in
               the
               Market-place
               ,
               those
               that
               stood
               about
               him
               often
               called
               him
               Dog
               ;
               but
               he
               said
               unto
               them
               ,
               You
               are
               the
               Dogs
               that
               stand
               about
               me
               while
               I
               am
               Eating
               .
               When
               two
               effeminate
               Persons
               went
               to
               hide
               themselves
               from
               him
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               You
               need
               not
               fear
               me
               ,
               a
               Dog
               won't
               eat
               Beets
               .
               Being
               asked
               about
               a
               Boy
               that
               had
               been
               Debauched
               ,
               whence
               he
               was
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               From
               
               Tegea
               .
               When
               he
               saw
               an
               unskillful
               Gamester
               practising
               Physick
               ;
               he
               said
               to
               him
               ,
               What
               dost
               thou
               mean
               ?
               Dost
               thou
               design
               to
               cast
               them
               down
               now
               ,
               that
               formerly
               won
               the
               Field
               of
               thee
               ?
               Seeing
               a
               Son
               of
               a
               Common
               Womon
               throwing
               a
               Stone
               among
               a
               Crowd
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               Have
               a
               Care
               Boy
               least
               thou
               hit
               thy
               Father
               .
               When
               a
               Beautiful
               Boy
               shewed
               him
               a
               Sword
               that
               had
               been
               presented
               him
               by
               his
               Minion
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               It
               is
               a
               very
               
               ●ine
               Sword
               ,
               but
               it
               hath
               a
               dirty
               Handle
               .
               As
               some
               were
               commending
               those
               that
               had
               given
               him
               something
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               But
               you
               don't
               commend
               me
               ,
               who
               was
               worthy
               to
               receive
               it
               .
               When
               one
               demanded
               back
               his
               Mantle
               of
               him
               :
               he
               said
               ,
               If
               thou
               gavedst
               it
               to
               me
               ,
               I
               will
               keep
               it
               ;
               but
               if
               thou
               didst
               but
               lend
               it
               ;
               I
               will
               use
               it
               .
               One
               that
               had
               been
               a
               supposititious
               Child
               telling
               him
               he
               had
               Gold
               in
               his
               Mantle
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Very
               right
               ,
               and
               that
               is
               the
               reason
               I
               supposite
               it
               (
               or
               lay
               it
               under
               me
               ,
               )
               when
               I
               sleep
               .
               Being
               asked
               what
               advantage
               he
               had
               by
               Philosophy
               ;
               he
               answered
               ,
               If
               nothing
               more
               ,
               yet
               to
               be
               prepared
               for
               every
               Fortune
               .
               Being
               asked
               whence
               he
               was
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               I
               am
               a
               
               Cosmopolite
               .
               When
               some
               offered
               Sacrifice
               that
               they
               might
               have
               a
               Son
               ,
               he
               said
               to
               them
               ;
               but
               you
               offer
               no
               Sacrifice
               for
               his
               Qualifications
               .
               As
               on
               a
               certain
               time
               he
               was
               desired
               to
               contribute
               to
               an
               Eranos
               (
               or
               charitable
               Collection
               ,
               )
               he
               said
               to
               the
               Eranarches
               (
               or
               overseer
               of
               the
               Collection
               .
               )
            
             
               
               
                 Spoil
                 whom
                 thou
                 wilt
                 ,
                 from
              
               Hector
               
                 keep
                 thy
                 Hands
              
               .
            
             
               He
               would
               say
               Curtezans
               were
               Queens
               to
               Princes
               ;
               for
               they
               could
               beg
               what
               they
               pleased
               of
               them
               .
               When
               the
               Athenians
               had
               voted
               Alexander
               to
               be
               the
               God
               Bacchus
               ,
               he
               said
               to
               them
               ,
               I
               pray
               make
               me
               Sarapis
               .
               To
               one
               that
               upbraided
               
               him
               for
               going
               into
               unclean
               places
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               The
               Sun
               goes
               into
               lakes
               ,
               and
               yet
               is
               not
               defiled
               .
               As
               he
               supp'd
               in
               the
               Temple
               ,
               and
               had
               pieces
               of
               *
               foul
               Bread
               set
               before
               him
               ,
               he
               took
               them
               up
               and
               threw
               them
               away
               ,
               saying
               ,
               No
               foul
               thing
               should
               come
               into
               the
               Temple
               .
               To
               one
               that
               told
               him
               ,
               Thou
               knowest
               nothing
               at
               all
               ,
               and
               yet
               pretendest
               to
               be
               a
               Philosopher
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               If
               I
               do
               but
               pretend
               to
               Wisdom
               ,
               even
               that
               is
               to
               Philosophize
               (
               or
               affect
               Wisdom
               .
               )
               To
               one
               that
               commended
               his
               Child
               to
               his
               Tuition
               ;
               telling
               him
               ,
               he
               had
               most
               excellent
               Parts
               ,
               and
               a
               most
               towardly
               Disposition
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               What
               need
               hath
               he
               then
               of
               me
               ?
               He
               said
               ,
               That
               those
               that
               discours'd
               well
               ,
               and
               acted
               not
               accordingly
               ,
               were
               nothing
               better
               than
               a
               Harp.
               For
               that
               had
               neither
               Hearing
               nor
               Sence
               .
               He
               crouded
               once
               into
               the
               Theatre
               as
               others
               were
               coming
               out
               ,
               and
               being
               asked
               his
               Reason
               for
               it
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               Opposition
               is
               the
               Study
               of
               my
               whole
               Life
               .
               Seeing
               on
               a
               time
               a
               young
               Man
               making
               himself
               look
               like
               a
               Woman
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Art
               thou
               not
               ashamed
               to
               contrive
               worse
               for
               thy self
               than
               Nature
               hath
               done
               for
               thee
               ?
               For
               she
               hath
               made
               thee
               a
               Man
               ;
               but
               thou
               wouldest
               force
               thy self
               to
               be
               a
               Woman
               .
               As
               he
               saw
               a
               simple
               Fellow
               tuning
               of
               an
               Instrument
               ,
               he
               said
               to
               him
               ,
               Art
               thou
               not
               ashamed
               
               to
               tune
               Sounds
               upon
               a
               piece
               of
               VVood
               ,
               and
               leave
               thy
               mind
               untuned
               for
               Life
               ?
               To
               one
               that
               said
               to
               him
               ,
               I
               am
               not
               fit
               for
               the
               Study
               of
               Philosophy
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               VVhy
               dost
               thou
               live
               then
               ,
               if
               thou
               dost
               not
               care
               to
               live
               well
               ?
               To
               one
               that
               despised
               his
               own
               Father
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Art
               thou
               not
               ashamed
               to
               despise
               him
               upon
               whom
               thou
               valuest
               thy self
               .
               Seeing
               a
               handsome
               young
               man
               with
               mean
               Discourse
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               Art
               thou
               not
               ashamed
               to
               draw
               a
               leaden
               Sword
               out
               of
               an
               Ivory
               Scabbard
               ?
               Being
               upbraided
               with
               having
               drunk
               in
               a
               Tavern
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               I
               am
               trimmed
               in
               the
               Barbers
               Shop
               too
               .
               Being
               twitted
               with
               having
               received
               a
               mantle
               of
               Antipater
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 
                   The
                   Gods
                   fam'd
                   gifts
                   must
                   not
                   be
                   cast
                   away
                   .
                
              
            
             
               To
               one
               that
               shoved
               a
               piece
               of
               Timber
               upon
               him
               ,
               and
               then
               said
               have
               a
               Care
               Sir
               ,
               he
               striking
               him
               with
               his
               Staff
               ,
               said
               ,
               Have
               thou
               a
               Care.
               To
               one
               that
               very
               earnestly
               importun'd
               a
               Curtezan
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               miserable
               Fellow
               !
               Why
               wouldst
               thou
               obtain
               that
               of
               her
               ,
               which
               thou
               hadst
               better
               be
               without
               ?
               To
               one
               that
               perfumed
               himself
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Have
               a
               Care
               least
               the
               sweet
               Scent
               of
               thy
               Head
               make
               thy
               Life
               to
               stink
               .
               He
               would
               say
               ,
               Servants
               were
               slaves
               to
               their
               masters
               ,
               and
               bad
               men
               to
               their
               Lusts
               .
               Being
               
               asked
               why
               Slaves
               were
               called
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               (
               which
               is
               as
               much
               a●
               to
               say
               ,
               Footmen
               ,
               )
               he
               said
               ,
               Because
               they
               have
               Feet
               like
               Men
               ,
               but
               Souls
               like
               thine
               ,
               that
               askest
               me
               that
               Question
               .
               Once
               he
               begged
               of
               a
               bad
               Husband
               a
               whole
               Mina
               ,
               and
               he
               asking
               him
               why
               he
               begged
               but
               an
               Obolus
               of
               other
               Men
               ,
               but
               of
               him
               a
               Mina
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               Because
               I
               hope
               to
               receive
               of
               others
               again
               :
               But
               whether
               I
               shall
               receive
               any
               more
               of
               thee
               or
               no
               ,
               
                 
                   —
                   
                     Lies
                     wholly
                     in
                     the
                     Knees
                     o'
                     th
                     Gods.
                     
                  
                
              
            
             
               Being
               told
               that
               he
               begged
               ,
               but
               Plato
               did
               not
               ;
               he
               said
               ,
               Plato
               begs
               too
               ,
               but
               ,
               
                 
                   Holding
                   his
                   Head
                   near
                   ,
                
                 
                   Lest
                   others
                   overhear
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Seeing
               once
               an
               unskilful
               Archer
               Shooting
               ,
               he
               sat
               down
               just
               by
               the
               Mark
               ,
               and
               said
               ,
               Lest
               he
               hit
               me
               .
               He
               would
               say
               ,
               Lovers
               mist
               of
               their
               Pleasure
               .
               Being
               asked
               whether
               Death
               was
               an
               evil
               thing
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               How
               can
               that
               be
               an
               evil
               thing
               ,
               that
               we
               cannot
               feel
               when
               it
               comes
               ?
               To
               Alexander
               standing
               by
               him
               and
               saying
               ;
               Dost
               thou
               not
               fear
               me
               ?
               What
               art
               thou
               (
               said
               he
               )
               a
               good
               thing
               or
               a
               bad
               ?
               He
               replied
               a
               good
               :
               Who
               then
               (
               said
               he
               )
               would
               fear
               a
               good
               thing
               ?
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               That
               Learning
               was
               Sobriety
               to
               the
               young
               ,
               
               Consolation
               to
               the
               Old
               ,
               Riches
               to
               the
               Poor
               ,
               and
               an
               Ornament
               to
               the
               Rich.
               To
               Didymon
               the
               Whoremaster
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               medicating
               of
               a
               young
               Womans
               Eye
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               Have
               a
               Care
               ,
               least
               while
               thou
               art
               medicating
               the
               Maids
               Eye
               ,
               thou
               vitiate
               the
               *
               Pupil
               .
               As
               one
               told
               him
               that
               his
               Friends
               were
               Plotting
               against
               him
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               What
               shall
               a
               Man
               do
               ,
               if
               he
               must
               use
               his
               Friends
               and
               his
               Enemies
               alike
               ?
               Being
               asked
               what
               was
               the
               most
               becoming
               thing
               among
               Men
               ?
               he
               answered
               ,
               Assurance
               in
               Conversation
               .
               Coming
               once
               into
               a
               School-masters
               House
               ,
               and
               seeing
               a
               great
               many
               painted
               Muses
               ,
               and
               but
               a
               few
               Scholars
               ;
               he
               said
               :
               *
               With
               the
               Gods
               ,
               Mr
               Schoolmaster
               ,
               you
               have
               a
               great
               many
               Scholars
               .
               He
               was
               used
               to
               do
               every
               thing
               in
               publick
               view
               ,
               that
               related
               either
               to
               Ceres
               or
               to
               Venus
               .
               And
               was
               wont
               to
               form
               such
               conclusions
               as
               these
               .
               If
               there
               be
               no
               absurdity
               in
               eating
               ones
               Dinner
               ,
               neither
               is
               there
               in
               eating
               ones
               Dinner
               in
               the
               Market-place
               .
               But
               there
               is
               no
               absurdity
               in
               eating
               ones
               Dinner
               :
               There
               is
               therefore
               no
               absurdity
               in
               eating
               ones
               Dinner
               in
               the
               Market
               place
               .
               And
               as
               he
               very
               often
               *
               polluted
               himself
               in
               the
               publick
               View
               ,
               he
               would
               say
               ,
               O
               that
               I
               could
               asswage
               my
               Hunger
               by
               rubbing
               my
               Stomach
               !
               There
               are
               several
               more
               sayings
               of
               the
               like
               Tendency
               ,
               attributed
               to
               him
               ,
               which
               would
               be
               long
               here
               to
               relate
               ,
               they
               being
               so
               many
               .
            
             
             
               He
               said
               there
               was
               a
               twofold
               Exercise
               the
               one
               of
               the
               Mind
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               of
               the
               Body
               .
               That
               the
               later
               of
               these
               created
               in
               the
               Mind
               such
               quick
               and
               agile
               Pha●●tasies
               in
               the
               time
               of
               its
               Performance
               ,
               〈…〉
               very
               much
               ▪
               facilitated
               the
               acts
               of
               Vertue
               But
               that
               the
               one
               could
               not
               be
               comple●…
               without
               the
               other
               ,
               (
               no
               more
               than
               Health
               could
               be
               without
               Strength
               ,
               )
               whether
               〈…〉
               regard
               the
               Body
               or
               the
               Mind
               .
               And
               he
               gave
               Reasons
               to
               prove
               how
               easy
               it
               was
               to
               pass
               from
               Corporal
               Exercise
               to
               Vertue
               ▪
               For
               that
               we
               see
               what
               a
               strange
               agility
               of
               Hand
               ordinary
               Artizans
               attain
               to
               by
               the●…
               Assiduity
               ,
               as
               well
               in
               the
               Mechanick
               as
               other
               common
               Trades
               .
               And
               what
               〈…〉
               Pitch
               both
               Harpers
               and
               Gamesters
               arrive
               to
               by
               their
               continual
               Labour
               and
               Application
               .
               And
               he
               doubted
               not
               to
               say
               ,
               That
               if
               they
               would
               have
               diverted
               that
               Exercise
               to
               their
               Mind
               ,
               their
               Labour
               would
               have
               proved
               both
               profitable
               and
               successful
               .
               For
               he
               said
               ,
               That
               as
               nothing
               in
               Human
               Life
               could
               be
               well
               done
               without
               much
               Exercise
               ,
               so
               that
               alone
               was
               able
               to
               master
               any
               thing
               .
               Those
               therefore
               whom
               want
               of
               Knowledge
               rendred
               unfortunate
               (
               he
               said
               )
               should
               lay
               aside
               useless
               Labours
               ,
               and
               take
               upon
               them
               those
               that
               agreed
               with
               Nature
               ,
               that
               so
               they
               might
               live
               a
               happy
               Life
               .
               For
               that
               the
               very
               Contempt
               of
               
               Pleasure
               when
               attained
               to
               by
               long
               meditation
               was
               most
               delectable
               .
               And
               as
               those
               that
               have
               been
               accustomed
               to
               live
               Voluptuously
               ,
               had
               great
               regret
               in
               passing
               over
               to
               a
               contrary
               Course
               ;
               so
               those
               that
               had
               been
               exercised
               to
               the
               contrary
               ,
               did
               with
               great
               Pleasure
               despise
               Pleasure
               .
               Thus
               he
               used
               to
               Discourse
               ,
               and
               thus
               appeared
               to
               have
               been
               his
               Practise
               :
               So
               that
               he
               might
               well
               be
               lookt
               upon
               as
               a
               Coyner
               of
               false
               Money
               ,
               while
               he
               assigned
               nothing
               to
               Law
               in
               comparison
               of
               what
               he
               did
               to
               Nature
               :
               Affirming
               himself
               to
               follow
               the
               same
               Form
               of
               Life
               with
               Hercules
               ,
               as
               preferring
               nothing
               before
               Liberty
               :
               And
               saying
               ,
               All
               things
               were
               wise
               Mens
               own
               :
               Forming
               such
               Conclusions
               as
               were
               before
               mentioned
               ,
               viz.
               All
               things
               are
               the
               Gods
               own
               :
               The
               Gods
               are
               wise
               Mens
               Friends
               :
               Friends
               have
               all
               things
               common
               :
               Therefore
               all
               things
               are
               wise
               Mens
               own
               .
               As
               to
               Law
               ,
               he
               said
               ;
               it
               was
               not
               possible
               to
               *
               support
               Gentility
               and
               Greatness
               without
               it
               :
               For
               (
               said
               he
               )
               out
               of
               a
               City
               there
               is
               no
               use
               of
               *
               Gentileness
               :
               A
               City
               is
               a
               thing
               of
               Gentileness
               :
               Without
               Law
               there
               is
               no
               use
               of
               a
               City
               :
               Therefore
               Law
               is
               a
               thing
               of
               Gentileness
               .
               He
               would
               Droll
               upon
               Families
               ,
               Great
               Names
               and
               such
               kind
               of
               things
               ,
               calling
               them
               the
               Varnishes
               of
               Vice
               ;
               and
               would
               say
               there
               was
               no
               rightful
               Republick
               ,
               but
               
               that
               of
               the
               whole
               World.
               He
               said
               also
               that
               Women
               ought
               to
               be
               common
               ,
               affirming
               that
               true
               ▪
               Marriage
               was
               nothing
               else
               ,
               but
               for
               a
               Man
               to
               get
               a
               Woman
               in
               the
               mind
               to
               let
               him
               lye
               with
               her
               :
               And
               that
               therefore
               the
               Children
               ought
               to
               be
               common
               also
               :
               And
               that
               there
               was
               nothing
               amiss
               in
               taking
               a
               thing
               out
               of
               a
               Temple
               ,
               or
               in
               tasting
               the
               Flesh
               of
               certain
               forbidden
               Animals
               :
               And
               that
               there
               was
               no
               impiety
               in
               eating
               even
               the
               Flesh
               of
               Men
               ,
               as
               was
               evident
               from
               the
               Practise
               of
               some
               forreign
               Parts
               .
               And
               he
               affirmed
               that
               according
               to
               sound
               Reason
               ,
               All
               things
               were
               in
               all
               things
               ,
               and
               for
               all
               things
               :
               For
               there
               was
               *
               Flesh
               in
               Bread
               ,
               and
               Bread
               in
               Salad
               :
               And
               that
               the
               smallest
               parts
               are
               in
               all
               things
               drawn
               in
               and
               exhaled
               forth
               by
               certain
               insensibly
               Inlets
               and
               Outlets
               ;
               as
               he
               *
               fully
               proves
               in
               his
               Thyestes
               ,
               (
               if
               those
               Tragedies
               be
               his
               ,
               and
               not
               his
               Disciples
               ,
               Philiscus
               of
               Aegina
               ,
               or
               
               Pasiphon's
               Son
               of
               Lucian
               ,
               who
               as
               Favorinus
               in
               his
               various
               History
               relates
               ▪
               wrote
               after
               his
               Decease
               .
               )
               Musick
               ,
               Geometry
               ,
               Astronomy
               and
               other
               such
               thing
               he
               wholly
               slighted
               ,
               as
               but
               useless
               and
               unnecessary
               Studies
               .
            
             
               His
               greatest
               Talent
               lay
               in
               sudden
               Repartees
               ,
               as
               is
               manifest
               from
               what
               hath
               been
               already
               spoken
               .
               He
               also
               bore
               hi●
               own
               Sale
               with
               great
               Generosity
               :
               For
               〈…〉
               
               〈…〉
               sailed
               to
               Aegina
               and
               was
               taken
               by
               cer●…n
               Pirates
               commanded
               by
               one
               *
               Scirpae●…s
               ,
               he
               was
               carried
               away
               to
               Crete
               and
               there
               exposed
               to
               Sale.
               And
               as
               the
               Cryer
               demanded
               of
               him
               what
               he
               could
               do
               ,
               he
               replyed
               ;
               I
               can
               govern
               Men
               :
               And
               pointing
               to
               a
               certain
               Corinthian
               whom
               he
               saw
               ●o
               be
               in
               good
               Habit
               ,
               (
               he
               being
               the
               above
               mentioned
               Xeniades
               ,
               )
               he
               said
               ;
               Sell
               me
               to
               this
               man
               :
               For
               he
               hath
               need
               of
               a
               Ma●…r
               .
               Xeniades
               then
               bought
               him
               and
               carried
               him
               away
               to
               Corinth
               ,
               and
               gave
               him
               the
               Charge
               of
               his
               Children
               ,
               and
               entrusted
               him
               with
               the
               care
               of
               his
               whole
               House
               .
               And
               he
               demeaned
               himself
               so
               well
               ,
               ●…at
               his
               Master
               ran
               about
               the
               Town
               and
               ●…d
               :
               A
               good
               Daemon
               is
               come
               to
               my
               House
               !
               Cleomenes
               in
               a
               Treatise
               called
               his
               ●edagogicon
               saith
               ,
               his
               Followers
               would
               ●…in
               have
               ransomed
               him
               ;
               but
               he
               called
               ●…hem
               simple
               Men
               ▪
               and
               said
               ;
               Lious
               were
               ●…ot
               Servants
               to
               those
               that
               fed
               them
               ,
               but
               ●…hose
               that
               fed
               them
               were
               Servants
               to
               them
               :
               For
               that
               fear
               was
               the
               Property
               of
               〈…〉
               Servant
               ,
               but
               wild
               Beasts
               kept
               men
               in
               ●…ear
               .
               He
               had
               in
               him
               a
               very
               strange
               ●a●ulty
               of
               persuasion
               ,
               insomuch
               that
               he
               would
               take
               whom
               he
               would
               with
               his
               Conversation
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               related
               ,
               how
               one
               O●esicritus
               an
               Aeginese
               having
               two
               Sons
               ,
               sent
               the
               younger
               
               of
               them
               by
               name
               Androsthenes
               unto
               Athens
               ,
               who
               when
               he
               had
               heard
               Diogenes
               Discourse
               tarried
               there
               with
               him
               :
               And
               that
               thereupon
               he
               sent
               his
               elder
               Son
               also
               (
               being
               the
               before
               named
               Philiscus
               )
               and
               that
               Philiscus
               also
               was
               detained
               there
               ;
               And
               yet
               in
               the
               third
               place
               ,
               the
               Father
               himself
               went
               ,
               and
               was
               also
               joyned
               in
               Philosophy
               with
               his
               Children
               :
               So
               great
               ●
               Charm
               there
               was
               in
               the
               Discourses
               of
               Diogenes
               .
               There
               heard
               him
               also
               Pho●…
               Sirnamed
               the
               Good
               and
               Stilpon
               of
               Meg●…
               and
               many
               other
               *
               Persons
               of
               great
               Quality
               .
               He
               is
               said
               to
               have
               died
               at
               abo●●
               ninety
               years
               of
               Age
               :
               But
               there
               are
               different
               accounts
               of
               his
               Death
               .
               For
               s●…
               say
               ,
               that
               upon
               eating
               a
               raw
               *
               Pour●●●trel
               he
               was
               taken
               with
               the
               Griping
               of
               the
               Guts
               and
               so
               died
               :
               But
               others
               say
               ,
               he
               〈…〉
               in
               his
               Breath
               until
               he
               died
               ,
               of
               which
               number
               is
               Kerkidas
               the
               Megapolitan
               (
               or
               Cr●…
               as
               others
               call
               him
               )
               saying
               in
               his
               
                 Meli●…
                 bicks
              
               thus
               :
            
             
               That
               Sinopese
               
                 is
                 no
                 more
                 what
                 he
                 was
                 ,
                 Feeding
                 abroad
                 ,
                 with
                 Staff
                 and
                 folded
                 P●…
                 He
                 clapt
                 his
                 Lips
                 to
                 's
                 Teeth
                 and
                 bit
                 his
                 Bre●…
                 And
                 flew
                 to
              
               Jove
               :
               
                 So
                 now
              
               *
               Diogenes
               
                 Thou
                 art
              
               Joves
               
                 Son
                 indeed
                 and
                 Heavens
                 D●…
              
            
             
             
               Others
               say
               ,
               that
               as
               he
               went
               to
               share
               a
               Pourcontrel
               among
               the
               Dogs
               ,
               they
               bit
               him
               by
               the
               Ligament
               of
               his
               Leg
               ,
               whereof
               he
               dyed
               .
               But
               his
               familiar
               followers
               (
               as
               Antisthenes
               relates
               in
               his
               Successions
               )
               were
               of
               the
               opinion
               that
               he
               dyed
               by
               holding
               in
               his
               Breath
               .
               For
               he
               then
               passed
               his
               time
               in
               the
               Craneon
               (
               which
               is
               a
               place
               for
               publick
               Exercises
               before
               Corinth
               )
               where
               his
               Disciples
               according
               to
               their
               Custom
               ,
               coming
               unto
               him
               found
               him
               closely
               wrapt
               up
               in
               his
               Mantle
               ,
               and
               not
               believing
               him
               to
               be
               asleep
               (
               for
               he
               was
               not
               of
               a
               sleepy
               nor
               drowsie
               Temper
               )
               they
               opened
               his
               Mantle
               and
               found
               him
               expired
               .
               And
               they
               believed
               he
               had
               done
               this
               from
               a
               great
               desire
               he
               had
               now
               to
               steal
               privately
               out
               of
               the
               World.
               Whereupon
               (
               they
               say
               )
               there
               arose
               a
               strong
               Contest
               among
               his
               Followers
               ,
               who
               should
               have
               the
               burying
               of
               him
               :
               Yea
               ,
               that
               it
               went
               so
               high
               as
               to
               come
               to
               blows
               :
               But
               that
               at
               last
               their
               Parents
               and
               Governours
               coming
               in
               ,
               he
               was
               by
               them
               interred
               by
               the
               Gate
               that
               leads
               to
               the
               Isthmus
               .
               They
               also
               set
               a
               *
               Pillar
               upon
               his
               Grave
               ,
               and
               upon
               that
               a
               Dog
               of
               Parian
               Marble
               .
               And
               afterwards
               his
               Citizens
               honoured
               him
               with
               Statues
               of
               Copper
               ,
               and
               wrote
               upon
               them
               thus
               :
               
                 
                 
                   Copper
                   decays
                   with
                   time
                   ,
                   but
                   thy
                   Renown
                   ,
                
                 
                   Diogenes
                   ,
                   no
                   age
                   shall
                   e're
                   take
                   down
                   :
                
                 
                   For
                   thou
                   alone
                   hast
                   taught
                   us
                   not
                   to
                   need
                   ,
                
                 
                   By
                   thinking
                   that
                   we
                   do'nt
                   :
                   And
                   hast
                   us
                   freed
                
                 
                   From
                   eares
                   ;
                   and
                   shew'd
                   the
                   casy
                   way
                   to
                   Life
                   .
                
              
            
             
               There
               is
               also
               this
               of
               my
               own
               upon
               him
               in
               the
               Prokeleusmatick
               Measure
               :
               
                 
                   Diogenes
                   ,
                   what
                   made
                   thee
                   take
                   thy
                   flight
                
                 
                   To
                   th'
                   Netherlands
                   :
                   It
                   was
                   a
                   mad
                   Dogs
                   bite
                   .
                
              
            
             
               But
               some
               others
               say
               ,
               that
               as
               he
               was
               dying
               he
               gave
               a
               great
               Charge
               to
               those
               about
               him
               ,
               to
               cast
               him
               out
               unburyed
               ,
               that
               every
               Beast
               might
               have
               part
               of
               him
               :
               Or
               else
               to
               throw
               him
               into
               a
               Ditch
               and
               cover
               him
               with
               a
               little
               dust
               :
               But
               others
               that
               he
               desired
               to
               be
               flung
               into
               the
               River
               Ilissus
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               benefit
               his
               Brethren
               there
               .
               Demetrius
               in
               his
               Treatise
               of
               Name-sakes
               saith
               ;
               that
               Alexander
               dyed
               at
               Babylon
               ,
               and
               Diogenes
               at
               Corinth
               upon
               the
               very
               same
               day
               .
               He
               was
               an
               Old
               man
               in
               the
               Hundred
               and
               *
               Fourteenth
               Olympiad
               .
               And
               there
               go
               about
               these
               Books
               of
               his
               :
               His
               Dialogues
               :
               His
               Kephalion
               :
               His
               Fishes
               :
               His
               Jay
               :
               His
               Leopard
               :
               His
               Commons
               of
               Athens
               :
               His
               Republick
               :
               His
               Art
               of
               Morality
               :
               His
               Treatise
               of
               Riches
               :
               His
               Love
               
               Discourse
               :
               His
               Theodore
               :
               His
               Hypsias
               :
               His
               Aristarchus
               :
               His
               Treatise
               of
               Death
               :
               His
               Letters
               :
               His
               seven
               Tragedies
               ,
               viz.
               His
               *
               Semele
               ;
               His
               Thyestes
               ;
               His
               Hercules
               ;
               His
               Achilles
               :
               His
               Medea
               ;
               His
               Chrysippus
               ;
               His
               Oedipus
               .
               But
               Sosicrates
               in
               the
               First
               Book
               of
               his
               Successions
               and
               Satyrus
               in
               the
               Fourth
               of
               his
               Lives
               say
               ,
               there
               is
               nothing
               of
               
               Diogenes's
               extant
               .
               And
               Satyrus
               adds
               further
               that
               those
               trifling
               Tragedies
               were
               written
               by
               Philiscus
               of
               Aegina
               ,
               Diogenes's
               Follower
               .
               But
               Sotion
               in
               his
               seventh
               Book
               ,
               saith
               that
               these
               following
               were
               the
               only
               things
               Diogenes
               ever
               wrote
               :
               Of
               Vertue
               :
               Of
               Good
               :
               A
               Discourse
               of
               Love
               :
               The
               Beggar
               :
               Tolmaeus
               :
               The
               Leopard
               :
               
                 Casander
                 :
                 Kephalion
                 :
                 Philiscus
                 :
                 Aristarchus
                 :
                 Sisyphus
                 :
                 Ganymedes
                 :
              
               His
               sayings
               :
               His
               Letters
               .
            
             
               There
               have
               been
               in
               all
               five
               Diogeneses
               :
               The
               First
               was
               Diogenes
               of
               Apollonia
               ,
               the
               Naturalist
               :
               His
               Book
               began
               thus
               ;
               
                 Now
                 I
                 am
                 to
                 begin
                 my
                 whole
                 Discourse
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 my
                 Duty
                 to
                 render
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 it
                 indisputable
                 .
              
               The
               Second
               was
               he
               of
               Sicyon
               ,
               who
               wrote
               of
               the
               Affairs
               of
               Peloponnesus
               .
               The
               Third
               was
               this
               Diogenes
               .
               The
               Fourth
               was
               a
               Stoick
               ,
               born
               at
               Selencia
               ,
               but
               named
               the
               Babylonian
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               Vicinity
               .
               The
               Fifth
               of
               Tarsus
               ,
               who
               wrote
               about
               Questions
               in
               Poetry
               which
               he
               attempts
               
               to
               resolve
               .
               But
               the
               Philosopher
               
                 Diogenes
                 ,
                 Athenodorus
              
               saith
               in
               the
               eighth
               Book
               of
               his
               Walks
               ,
               to
               have
               always
               appeared
               with
               a
               Shining
               Countenance
               ,
               by
               reason
               he
               used
               to
               anoint
               himself
               often
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               MONIMVS
               .
            
             
               MONIMVS
               was
               born
               at
               Syracuse
               ,
               he
               was
               a
               Disciple
               of
               Diogenes
               ,
               and
               a
               Servant
               of
               a
               certain
               Banker
               of
               Corinth
               ,
               as
               *
               Sosicrates
               relates
               .
               Xeniades
               ,
               who
               had
               bought
               Diogenes
               ,
               coming
               very
               often
               to
               see
               him
               ,
               and
               telling
               him
               of
               his
               rare
               Perfections
               ,
               as
               well
               in
               Conversation
               as
               Behaviour
               ,
               brought
               Monimus
               at
               last
               to
               be
               passionately
               in
               Love
               with
               the
               Man.
               For
               he
               presently
               began
               to
               feign
               himself
               Mad
               ,
               and
               flung
               about
               the
               Change
               Money
               ,
               and
               all
               the
               Silver
               that
               was
               on
               the
               Board
               .
               Insomuch
               that
               his
               Master
               was
               glad
               to
               part
               with
               him
               .
               Upon
               which
               he
               presently
               betook
               himself
               to
               Diogenes
               .
               He
               also
               often
               
               followed
               Crates
               the
               Cynick
               ,
               and
               kept
               much
               Company
               with
               such
               kind
               of
               Men
               ;
               which
               help'd
               to
               confirm
               his
               Master
               in
               his
               Opinion
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               Mad.
               
            
             
               And
               he
               afterwards
               became
               a
               Man
               of
               good
               account
               ,
               insomuch
               that
               Menander
               the
               famous
               Comoedian
               made
               mention
               of
               his
               Name
               ;
               for
               in
               one
               of
               his
               Drama's
               called
               Hippocomus
               ,
               he
               spoke
               thus
               :
               
                 
                   O
                   
                     Philo
                     ,
                     Monimus
                  
                   was
                   very
                   wise
                   ,
                
                 
                   Although
                   of
                   small
                   esteem
                   ,
                   few
                   such
                   can
                   prize
                   :
                
                 
                   Not
                   Master
                   of
                   one
                   Scrip
                   ;
                   for
                   he
                   had
                   three
                   ,
                
                 
                   (
                   A
                   rich
                   Philosopher
                   indeed
                   !
                   )
                   yet
                   he
                
                 
                   Vtter'd
                   no
                   Sentence
                   grave
                   like
                   a
                   deep
                   fellow
                   ,
                
                 
                   Like
                   KNOW
                   THY SELF
                   ,
                   which
                   Vulgar
                   sages
                   bellow
                   ;
                
                 
                   But
                   was
                   above
                   such
                   toys
                   :
                   For
                   he
                   said
                   that
                
                 
                   Concoited
                   thoughts
                   begot
                   conceited
                   Chat.
                   
                
              
            
             
               This
               Man
               was
               of
               a
               Genius
               so
               ponderous
               that
               he
               slighted
               Praise
               ,
               and
               wholly
               made
               after
               Truth
               .
               He
               composed
               certain
               Ludiorous
               Tracts
               ,
               in
               which
               he
               privately
               couched
               very
               serious
               things
               .
               He
               wrote
               also
               two
               Treatises
               of
               the
               Inclinations
               ,
               and
               one
               Perswasive
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               ONESCRITVS
               .
            
             
               SOme
               say
               that
               he
               was
               of
               Aegina
               :
               But
               Demetrius
               of
               Magnesia
               saith
               ,
               he
               was
               an
               Astypelaecan
               .
               He
               also
               was
               one
               of
               
               Diogenes's
               Prime
               Disciples
               .
               And
               he
               seemed
               to
               have
               something
               in
               him
               that
               made
               him
               very
               much
               to
               resemble
               Xenophon
               .
               For
               Xenophon
               followed
               Cyrus
               into
               the
               Wars
               ,
               and
               he
               
                 Alexander
                 .
                 Xenophon
              
               wrote
               the
               Institution
               of
               Cyrus
               ,
               and
               he
               the
               Education
               of
               
                 Alexander
                 .
                 Xenophon
              
               wrote
               the
               Encomium
               of
               Cyrus
               ,
               and
               he
               the
               Encomium
               of
               Alexander
               .
               He
               is
               very
               like
               him
               also
               in
               his
               Style
               ,
               and
               differs
               not
               from
               him
               ,
               but
               as
               the
               Copy
               from
               the
               Original
               .
               Menander
               also
               surnamed
               Drymos
               the
               famous
               Admirer
               of
               Homer
               ,
               was
               a
               Disciple
               of
               Diogenes
               ,
               and
               Hegesaeus
               surnamed
               Cloius
               and
               Philiscus
               of
               Aegina
               ,
               as
               we
               told
               you
               before
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               CRATES
               .
            
             
               CRATES
               was
               the
               Son
               of
               Ascandes
               ,
               and
               a
               Theban
               Born
               :
               He
               also
               was
               one
               of
               the
               prime
               Disciples
               of
               the
               Dog.
               But
               Hipobotus
               saith
               he
               was
               not
               the
               Disciple
               of
               Diogenes
               ,
               but
               of
               Bryson
               the
               Achaean
               .
               There
               go
               about
               these
               Verses
               of
               his
               ,
               made
               after
               a
               Travesty
               fashion
               .
               
                 
                   I'
                   th'
                   midst
                   o'
                   th'
                   Land
                   of
                   
                     Vana
                     Gloria
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   There
                   is
                   a
                   Citty
                   called
                   Scrippia
                   :
                
                 
                   A
                   Town
                   it
                   is
                   both
                   fair
                   and
                   fat
                   Sir
                   ,
                
                 
                   Well
                   fenced
                   round
                   ;
                   but
                   nothing
                   hath
                   Sir.
                
                 
                   Into
                   this
                   doughty
                   Town
                   dare
                   enter
                   ,
                
                 
                   Neither
                   sir
                   Fop
                   ,
                   nor
                   sir
                   Lick-Trencher
                   .
                
                 
                   Nor
                   yet
                   your
                   Liquorish
                   Fool
                   that
                   barters
                
                 
                   His
                   Coin
                   and
                   Health
                   for
                   Whores
                   hind
                   Quarters
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   's
                   stor'd
                   with
                   Onions
                   ,
                   Figs
                   ,
                   and
                   Garlick
                   ,
                
                 
                   With
                   Scraps
                   of
                   Bread
                   ,
                   it
                   knows
                   no
                   fare
                   like
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   these
                   the
                   Neighbours
                   do
                   not
                   swagger
                   ,
                
                 
                   Nor
                   huff
                   and
                   ding
                   ,
                   and
                   draw
                   the
                   Dagger
                   :
                
                 
                   They
                   have
                   no
                   Cut-throat
                   Sparks
                   to
                   guard
                   'em
                   ,
                
                 
                   Nor
                   Fame
                   ,
                   nor
                   Pence
                   for
                   to
                   reward
                   '
                   em
                   .
                
              
            
             
             
               There
               is
               also
               his
               much
               talk'd
               of
               Diary
               ,
               which
               is
               as
               followeth
               .
               
                 
                   Write
                   pay'd
                   my
                   Cook
                   ten
                   Mina
                   ,
                   very
                   right
                   ,
                
                 
                   Item
                   *
                   five
                   Talents
                   to
                   my
                   Parasite
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Drachm
                   to
                   th'
                   prating
                   Doctor
                   ,
                   and
                   no
                   more
                   .
                
                 
                   Sirra
                   !
                   set
                   down
                   a
                   Talent
                   to
                   my
                   Whore.
                
                 
                   Just
                   nothing
                   to
                   my
                   scurvy
                   Counseller
                   :
                
                 
                   Three
                   Half-pence
                   to
                   my
                   wise
                   Philosopher
                   .
                
              
            
             
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               be
               termed
               the
               Door-opener
               ,
               because
               he
               would
               go
               into
               every
               Bodies
               House
               ,
               and
               give
               them
               free
               advise
               .
               There
               are
               also
               these
               Verses
               of
               his
               .
               
                 
                   Those
                   sacred
                   Truths
                   I
                   learnt
                   by
                   help
                   Divine
                   ▪
                
                 
                   Or
                   my
                   own
                   Toil
                   ;
                   those
                   only
                   I
                   call
                   mine
                   .
                
                 
                   Th
                   '
                   Estate
                   I
                   once
                   both
                   fair
                   and
                   large
                   believ'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   I
                   am
                   of
                   that
                   by
                   Vanity
                   bereav'd
                   .
                
              
            
             
               He
               said
               also
               he
               had
               got
               by
               Philosophy
               ;
               
                 
                   A
                   Peck
                   of
                   Lupins
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   ●are
                   for
                   nought
                   .
                
              
            
             
               There
               also
               goes
               about
               this
               Distick
               of
               his
               .
               
                 
                   Fasting
                   or
                   length
                   of
                   time
                   Loves
                   Fires
                   will
                   chill
                   ;
                
                 
                   If
                   that
                   won't
                   do
                   the
                   work
                   ,
                   a
                   Halter
                   will.
                   
                
              
            
             
               He
               flourished
               about
               the
               three
               and
               thirtieth
               
               Olympiad
               .
               Antisthenes
               saith
               in
               his
               Successions
               ,
               that
               upon
               seeing
               of
               Telephus
               in
               the
               Tragedy
               carrying
               a
               little
               Basket
               about
               the
               Stage
               ,
               and
               looking
               very
               mean
               and
               poor
               ,
               he
               had
               a
               violent
               Impulse
               upon
               his
               mind
               ,
               to
               turn
               Cynick
               Philosopher
               .
               And
               that
               having
               converted
               his
               whole
               Patrimony
               into
               Silver
               (
               for
               he
               was
               a
               Man
               of
               the
               first
               rank
               )
               and
               amassed
               together
               the
               Sum
               of
               about
               a
               Hundred
               ,
               or
               two
               Hundred
               Talents
               ,
               he
               distributed
               them
               among
               his
               fellow
               Citizens
               ;
               and
               himself
               became
               so
               austere
               a
               Philosopher
               ,
               that
               Philemon
               the
               Comedian
               had
               taken
               notice
               of
               him
               in
               one
               of
               his
               Plays
               .
               For
               he
               saith
               ,
               
                 
                   Crates
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   might
                   hardy
                   be
                   ,
                   put
                   on
                
                 
                   A
                   Cloak
                   in
                   Summer
                   time
                   ,
                   in
                   Winter
                   none
                   .
                
              
            
             
               But
               Diocles
               saith
               ,
               that
               Diogenes
               perswaded
               him
               to
               turn
               his
               Lands
               into
               Commons
               ,
               and
               if
               he
               had
               any
               Money
               ,
               to
               fling
               it
               into
               the
               Sea
               ,
               (
               As
               to
               
               Crates's
               House
               ,
               it
               had
               been
               long
               before
               demolished
               *
               by
               Alexander
               ,
               and
               his
               Wife
               
               Hipparchia's
               by
               Philip.
               )
               And
               as
               any
               of
               his
               Kindred
               adressed
               themselves
               to
               him
               in
               order
               to
               disswade
               him
               from
               it
               ,
               he
               would
               many
               times
               run
               after
               them
               with
               his
               Staff
               ;
               for
               he
               was
               very
               high
               mettled
               .
               But
               Demetrius
               of
               Magnesia
               saith
               ,
               He
               setled
               his
               Money
               upon
               
               a
               certain
               Banker
               in
               Trust
               ,
               agreeing
               with
               him
               ,
               That
               if
               his
               Children
               should
               provo
               to
               be
               *
               common
               Men
               ,
               he
               should
               pay
               it
               to
               them
               ;
               but
               if
               they
               chanced
               to
               be
               Philosophers
               ,
               he
               should
               distribute
               it
               among
               the
               Commonalty
               of
               the
               Town
               :
               reckoning
               they
               would
               have
               occasion
               for
               nothing
               if
               they
               proved
               Philosophers
               .
               Eratosthenes
               saith
               ,
               that
               he
               having
               a
               Son
               by
               Hipparchia
               (
               of
               whom
               we
               shall
               speak
               more
               anon
               )
               whose
               Name
               was
               Pasicles
               ,
               assoon
               as
               he
               was
               arrived
               to
               years
               of
               Maturity
               ,
               he
               brought
               him
               to
               his
               Servant-maids
               Apartment
               and
               told
               him
               :
               That
               was
               his
               *
               Fathers
               way
               of
               wedlock
               :
               And
               that
               the
               Adulterers
               in
               the
               Tragedies
               had
               Exiles
               and
               Stabbings
               for
               their
               pains
               ,
               and
               the
               Whore-masters
               in
               the
               Comedies
               did
               by
               their
               Debauchery
               and
               Drunkenness
               make
               themselves
               mad
               .
               Crates
               had
               also
               a
               Brother
               named
               Pasicles
               and
               a
               Disciple
               of
               
                 Euclid
                 .
                 Favorinus
              
               in
               the
               second
               Book
               of
               his
               Memoires
               relates
               a
               pleasant
               story
               of
               him
               :
               For
               he
               saith
               ,
               that
               as
               he
               was
               interceding
               with
               the
               Master
               of
               the
               Games
               for
               a
               certain
               Person
               that
               had
               committed
               ●
               fault
               ,
               instead
               of
               his
               Knees
               he
               touched
               his
               Lips
               :
               At
               which
               he
               being
               much
               enraged
               ▪
               What
               's
               the
               matter
               with
               thee
               (
               said
               he
               )
               are
               not
               thy
               Lips
               thine
               as
               well
               as
               thy
               Knees
               ?
               He
               was
               used
               to
               say
               ,
               it
               was
               impossible
               
               to
               find
               a
               man
               without
               some
               Fault
               ;
               But
               that
               it
               was
               with
               the
               best
               of
               Men
               ,
               much
               as
               it
               was
               with
               a
               Pomegranate
               ,
               in
               which
               there
               would
               be
               some
               Grain
               or
               other
               rotten
               .
               Having
               once
               quarrelled
               with
               Nicodromus
               the
               Harper
               ,
               and
               he
               having
               given
               him
               ●
               Black
               and
               Blew
               Eye
               ,
               he
               hung
               a
               Scrowl
               of
               Parchment
               before
               his
               Forehead
               ,
               having
               written
               upon
               it
               ,
               *
               
                 NICODROMUS
                 FECIT
              
               .
            
             
               He
               would
               set
               himself
               industriously
               to
               rail
               at
               the
               common
               Whores
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               exercise
               himself
               to
               bad
               Language
               .
               As
               
                 Demetrius
                 Phalereus
              
               had
               sent
               him
               some
               Bread
               and
               Wine
               ,
               he
               spoke
               disdainfully
               of
               him
               ,
               and
               said
               ;
               O
               that
               the
               Springs
               would
               afford
               me
               Bread
               too
               !
               From
               whence
               it
               is
               plain
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               used
               to
               drink
               Water
               .
               Being
               reproved
               by
               the
               
                 Athenian
                 Astynomi
              
               (
               or
               Censors
               )
               for
               wearing
               linnen
               Garments
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               I
               will
               shew
               you
               Theophrastus
               himself
               clad
               in
               Linnen
               .
               But
               they
               not
               believing
               him
               ,
               he
               brought
               them
               into
               a
               Barbers-Shop
               ,
               and
               shewed
               him
               to
               them
               as
               he
               was
               Trimming
               .
               Being
               once
               scourged
               by
               the
               Master
               of
               the
               Games
               at
               Thebes
               (
               some
               say
               it
               was
               done
               at
               Corinth
               by
               Euthycrates
               )
               and
               being
               dragged
               along
               by
               the
               Heels
               ,
               he
               shewed
               his
               Unconcernedness
               by
               repeating
               over
               the
               following
               Verse
               .
               
                 
                 
                   
                   He
                   hawl'd
                   him
                   by
                   the
                   Leg
                   a're
                   Heavens
                   Sell.
                   
                
              
            
             
               But
               Diocles
               saith
               ▪
               he
               was
               dragg'd
               along
               by
               Menedemus
               of
               Eretria
               .
               For
               he
               being
               a
               handsome
               Fellow
               ,
               and
               believed
               by
               many
               to
               be
               very
               obliging
               to
               Asclepiades
               of
               
                 Phli●●s●
                 Crates
              
               clapped
               his
               hand
               upon
               his
               Buttock
               ,
               and
               said
               ,
               Is
               Asclepiades
               within
               ?
               At
               which
               Asclepiades
               being
               extreamly
               nettled
               ,
               dragg'd
               him
               along
               by
               the
               heels
               ,
               as
               was
               above
               related
               ;
               upon
               which
               he
               rehearsed
               the
               verse
               above-spoken
               .
               Moreover
               Zeno
               the
               Cittiean
               in
               his
               Book
               of
               Sayings
               ,
               tells
               us
               ,
               he
               one
               while
               sewed
               an
               old
               Sheeps
               Skin
               to
               his
               Mantle
               to
               render
               himself
               the
               more
               disfigured
               .
               He
               was
               also
               of
               a
               very
               disagreable
               Aspect
               ,
               and
               therefore
               was
               much
               laugh'd
               at
               when
               he
               exercised
               :
               But
               he
               would
               often
               lift
               up
               his
               hands
               and
               say
               ,
               Take
               Comfort
               Crates
               in
               thy
               Eyes
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               Parts
               of
               thy
               Body
               ,
               and
               thou
               shalt
               one
               day
               see
               these
               People
               that
               now
               deride
               thee
               ,
               shrivel'd
               up
               with
               Age
               and
               Sickness
               ,
               and
               Praising
               thee
               ,
               but
               condemning
               themselves
               for
               their
               Slothfullness
               .
               He
               was
               used
               to
               say
               ,
               A
               Man
               should
               study
               Philosophy
               so
               long
               ,
               until
               Leaders
               of
               Armies
               appeared
               to
               him
               to
               be
               but
               Leaders
               of
               As●es
               .
               He
               would
               say
               ,
               
               Those
               Men
               that
               conversed
               with
               Flatterers
               ●ere
               in
               as
               forlorn
               a
               condition
               as
               Calves
               in
               ●e
               Company
               of
               Wolves
               :
               For
               that
               neither
               ●f
               them
               had
               their
               Friends
               about
               them
               ,
               but
               ●n
               the
               contrary
               such
               as
               lay
               in
               wait
               for
               ●heir
               Destruction
               .
               When
               he
               perceived
               ●imself
               to
               be
               dying
               ,
               he
               chanted
               this
               ●ver
               to
               himself
               .
               
                 
                   Dear
                   Hump-back
                   now
                   thou
                   go'st
                
                 
                   Unto
                   the
                   Nether
                   Coast
                   :
                
                 
                   Thou
                   'st
                   lived
                   of
                   the
                   most
                   .
                
              
            
             
               For
               he
               was
               now
               grown
               crooked
               ●hrough
               Age.
               To
               Alexander
               ,
               asking
               him
               ●hether
               he
               was
               desirous
               he
               should
               rebuild
               ●is
               Native
               City
               or
               no
               ,
               he
               said
               no
               ,
               what
               ●o
               do
               ?
               It
               may
               be
               another
               Alexander
               will
               ●ome
               and
               destroy
               it
               again
               :
               He
               added
               ●oreover
               ,
               that
               he
               for
               his
               Part
               had
               Pover●y
               and
               Obscurity
               for
               his
               native
               City
               ,
               which
               ●e
               was
               sure
               could
               never
               be
               taken
               by
               For●●●e
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               was
               a
               Citizen
               of
               
                 Dioge●es
                 ▪
              
               that
               could
               never
               be
               supplanted
               by
               ●●vy
               .
               Menander
               makes
               mention
               of
               him
               〈…〉
               a
               certain
               Comedy
               of
               his
               ,
               named
               the
               ●wins
               ,
               in
               these
               words
               ,
               
                 
                   ●hou
                   shalt
                   go
                   rambling
                   with
                   me
                   all
                   thy
                   Life
                   ,
                
                 
                   Mantled
                   about
                   like
                   Cynick
                   Crates
                   Wife
                   .
                
              
            
             
               And
               again
               the
               same
               Author
               saith
               this
               of
               him
               .
               
                 
                 
                   He
                   set
                   his
                   Daughter
                   out
                   to
                   hire
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   gave
                   them
                   thirty
                   days
                   to
                   try
                   her
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               METROCLES
            
             
               METROCLES
               was
               his
               Disciple
               and
               Brother
               to
               Hipparchia
               ;
               who
               being
               formerly
               a
               Hearer
               of
               Theophrastus
               the
               Peripatetick
               ,
               was
               of
               so
               abasht
               a
               Temper
               ,
               that
               he
               happening
               once
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               an
               Exercise
               to
               break
               Wind
               backwards
               ,
               he
               went
               home
               and
               lock'd
               himself
               up
               ,
               resolving
               never
               to
               come
               abroad
               any
               more
               Which
               when
               Crates
               had
               understood
               by
               〈…〉
               Friend
               ,
               he
               went
               at
               his
               request
               to
               give
               him
               a
               visit
               ,
               having
               first
               filled
               his
               Belly
               with
               Lentile
               Pottage
               for
               the
               nonce
               .
               He
               then
               began
               to
               perswade
               him
               by
               many
               Arguments
               that
               he
               had
               committed
               no
               absurdity
               at
               all
               :
               For
               it
               would
               have
               been
               like
               a
               Prodigy
               ,
               if
               he
               had
               not
               discharged
               th●
               Wind
               according
               to
               its
               natural
               Course
               .
               And
               in
               the
               close
               of
               all
               he
               let
               fly
               himself
               ,
               and
               thereby
               put
               him
               in
               heart
               again
               ,
               co●forting
               him
               by
               the
               Similitude
               of
               the
               two
               Facts
               .
               From
               that
               time
               forward
               he
               became
               his
               Auditour
               ,
               and
               was
               a
               very
               abl●
               Man
               in
               Philosophy
               .
               As
               he
               was
               once
               bu●ting
               his
               own
               Writings
               (
               as
               Hecato
               tells
               〈…〉
               
               in
               the
               first
               Book
               of
               his
               Sayings
               )
               he
               rehearsed
               over
               the
               following
               Verse
               .
               
                 
                   These
                   are
                   the
                   Phantomes
                   of
                   my
                   younger
                   Dreams
                   .
                
              
            
             
               As
               who
               should
               say
               ,
               they
               are
               but
               meer
               Whimsies
               .
               Some
               say
               ,
               that
               as
               he
               was
               commiting
               to
               the
               Flames
               the
               Lectures
               of
               Theophrastus
               ,
               he
               said
               over
               this
               Verse
               .
            
             
               Vulcan
               
                 come
                 quick
              
               *
               Thetis
               
                 hath
                 work
                 for
                 thee
              
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               there
               were
               some
               things
               that
               might
               be
               purchased
               with
               Mo●y
               ,
               as
               a
               House
               :
               and
               others
               that
               must
               be
               bought
               with
               long
               time
               and
               hard
               Labour
               ,
               as
               Learning
               ?
               Also
               that
               a
               great
               Estate
               was
               a
               mischievous
               thing
               to
               one
               that
               could
               not
               wisely
               manage
               it
               ,
               He
               died
               of
               old
               Age
               stifling
               himself
               .
               His
               Disciples
               were
               Theombrotus
               and
               
                 Cleomenes
                 :
                 Theombrotus's
              
               was
               Demetrius
               of
               Alexandria
               ,
               and
               
                 Cleomenes's
                 Timarchus
              
               of
               Alexandria
               ,
               and
               Echecles
               of
               Ephesus
               :
               Of
               which
               Echecles
               was
               also
               a
               Hearer
               of
               Theombrotus
               ,
               and
               of
               him
               Menedemus
               ,
               of
               whom
               we
               shall
               treat
               hereafter
               .
               Menippus
               of
               Sinope
               was
               also
               a
               Man
               of
               note
               among
               them
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               HIPPARCHIA
               .
            
             
               HIPPARCHIA
               also
               the
               Sister
               of
               Metrocles
               was
               caught
               by
               his
               
               Discourses
               :
               And
               they
               were
               both
               of
               them
               of
               Maronea
               .
               And
               she
               fell
               passionately
               in
               Love
               with
               Crates
               ,
               and
               with
               his
               Conversation
               ,
               and
               way
               of
               Living
               ,
               not
               regarding
               any
               one
               of
               her
               Suitors
               ,
               nor
               either
               Wealth
               ,
               Parentage
               ,
               or
               Beauty
               :
               But
               Crates
               was
               all
               these
               to
               her
               .
               Nay
               she
               threatned
               her
               Parents
               ,
               she
               would
               make
               away
               with
               her self
               if
               she
               might
               not
               have
               him
               .
               Crates
               therefore
               being
               earnestly
               entreated
               by
               her
               Parents
               to
               perswade
               the
               Girl
               against
               it
               ,
               did
               all
               he
               possibly
               could
               .
               And
               at
               last
               finding
               he
               could
               not
               perswade
               her
               ;
               he
               stood
               up
               ,
               and
               set
               down
               all
               his
               Implements
               before
               her
               ,
               and
               said
               to
               her
               here
               is
               your
               Bridegroom
               ,
               and
               here
               is
               his
               Estate
               .
               Consider
               now
               how
               you
               will
               like
               these
               things
               ;
               for
               you
               are
               no
               Compation
               for
               me
               ,
               if
               you
               cannot
               follow
               my
               course
               of
               Life
               .
               The
               Girl
               chose
               so
               to
               do
               ,
               and
               immediately
               took
               up
               the
               same
               habit
               with
               his
               ,
               and
               went
               about
               with
               him
               ,
               and
               would
               both
               lye
               with
               him
               ,
               and
               *
               go
               to
               Suppers
               with
               him
               in
               open
               view
               .
               She
               went
               once
               to
               the
               House
               of
               Lysimachus
               to
               a
               Banquet
               ,
               where
               she
               ran
               down
               Theodor
               ,
               surnamed
               the
               Atheist
               ,
               by
               propounding
               this
               Sophism
               to
               him
               .
               That
               by
               doing
               whereof
               ,
               Theodor
               cannot
               be
               said
               to
               commit
               Injury
               ;
               neither
               can
               Hipparchia
               by
               doing
               it
               be
               said
               to
               do
               Injury
               ;
               But
               Theodor
               by
               beating
               of
               himself
               ,
               
               cannot
               be
               said
               to
               commit
               Injury
               .
               Hipparchia
               therefore
               by
               beating
               Theodor
               cannot
               be
               said
               to
               Commit
               Injury
               .
               But
               he
               answered
               nothing
               to
               what
               she
               had
               said
               ,
               but
               began
               to
               pull
               up
               her
               Coats
               .
               But
               Hipparchia
               was
               neither
               put
               out
               of
               Countenance
               ,
               nor
               any
               way
               discomposed
               by
               it
               ,
               as
               in
               such
               cases
               Women
               are
               used
               to
               be
               .
               But
               on
               the
               contrary
               ,
               when
               he
               said
               to
               her
               ,
               
                 
                   —
                   
                     Who
                     's
                     this
                     that
                     's
                     hither
                     come
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   *
                   
                     Leaving
                     her
                     Shuttle
                     in
                     the
                     Loom
                     ?
                  
                
              
            
             
               She
               presently
               replied
               ;
               
                 It
                 is
                 I
                 ,
                 Theodor.
              
               Dost
               thou
               really
               think
               I
               have
               provided
               ill
               for
               my self
               ,
               if
               I
               have
               employed
               the
               time
               I
               should
               have
               spent
               at
               my
               Looms
               in
               the
               getting
               of
               Knowledge
               ?
               These
               and
               a
               Thousand
               more
               such
               things
               are
               said
               of
               this
               Woman
               Philosopher
               .
            
             
               *
               There
               goes
               about
               a
               little
               Book
               of
               
               Crates's
               ,
               it
               being
               his
               Epistles
               ,
               in
               which
               he
               shews
               himself
               to
               be
               a
               very
               excellent
               Philosopher
               :
               His
               Stile
               is
               sometimes
               very
               like
               unto
               that
               of
               Plato
               .
               He
               wrote
               also
               certain
               Tragedies
               ,
               in
               which
               he
               maintains
               the
               sublimest
               Character
               of
               a
               Philosopher
               .
               Of
               which
               this
               that
               follows
               is
               an
               Example
               .
               
                 
                   One
                   House
                   my
                   Home
                   shan't
                   be
                   ;
                
                 
                   Nor
                   one
                   Town
                   my
                   Country
                   ;
                
                 
                   But
                   every
                   House
                   my
                   Home
                   ,
                
                 
                   My
                   Country
                   where
                   I
                   come
                   .
                
              
            
             
               He
               died
               a
               very
               old
               Man
               and
               was
               buried
               in
               Boeotia
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               MENIPPVS
               .
            
             
               MENIPPVS
               also
               was
               a
               Cynick
               Philosopher
               ,
               being
               by
               descent
               a
               Phoenician
               ,
               and
               as
               Achaicus
               tells
               us
               in
               his
               Ethics
               ,
               a
               Servant
               .
               But
               Diocles
               saith
               ,
               his
               Master
               was
               of
               Pontus
               ,
               and
               that
               his
               name
               was
               Baton
               .
               And
               his
               unsatiable
               Covetousness
               rendring
               him
               a
               most
               indefatigable
               Beggar
               ,
               he
               got
               so
               much
               Money
               at
               last
               as
               to
               make
               himself
               a
               Freeman
               of
               Thebes
               .
               There
               is
               nothing
               in
               him
               that
               deserves
               much
               remark
               .
               But
               his
               Books
               are
               very
               well
               fraught
               with
               matter
               of
               Laughter
               ,
               and
               are
               in
               some
               respects
               equal
               to
               those
               of
               Meleager
               ,
               who
               was
               his
               Contemporary
               .
               Hermippus
               saith
               ,
               he
               was
               called
               ,
               and
               really
               was
               ,
               a
               *
               Day-usurer
               .
               For
               that
               he
               was
               used
               to
               lend
               upon
               Interest
               to
               poor
               Seamen
               ,
               and
               to
               take
               their
               Pledges
               .
               Insomuch
               that
               he
               amassed
               together
               a
               very
               considerable
               sum
               of
               Money
               .
               But
               at
               last
               a
               Plot
               was
               laid
               against
               him
               ,
               and
               he
               was
               robbed
               of
               it
               all
               ;
               upon
               which
               he
               grew
               so
               discontented
               ,
               that
               he
               hang'd
               himself
               .
               
               And
               I
               have
               diverted
               my self
               with
               him
               as
               followeth
               .
               
                 
                   Menippus
                   you
                   may
                   know
                   the
                   Cretan
                   Curr
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   Syrian
                   Born
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Day-usurer
                   ,
                
                 
                   (
                   So
                   was
                   his
                   name
                   ,
                   )
                   How
                   Theban
                   Thieves
                   had
                   broke
                
                 
                   His
                   House
                   by
                   Night
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   his
                   Money
                   took
                   ;
                
                 
                   Because
                   he
                   knew
                   not
                   what
                   to
                   Dogs
                   belong'd
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   had
                   not
                   Patience
                   to
                   stay
                   to
                   be
                   hang'd
                   .
                
              
            
             
               But
               there
               are
               some
               that
               say
               his
               Books
               are
               not
               his
               own
               ,
               but
               Dionysius's
               and
               
               Zopyrus's
               and
               the
               Colophonians
               ,
               who
               having
               written
               by
               way
               of
               Pastime
               and
               Droll
               ,
               gave
               their
               Compositions
               to
               him
               ,
               as
               one
               that
               had
               skill
               to
               put
               them
               into
               Order
               .
               There
               were
               in
               all
               six
               Menippi
               :
               The
               first
               was
               he
               that
               wrote
               of
               the
               Lydian
               Affairs
               ,
               and
               made
               an
               Abridgment
               of
               Xanthus
               .
               The
               Second
               was
               this
               Cynick
               .
               The
               third
               was
               a
               Stratonicean
               Sophist
               ,
               and
               a
               Carian
               by
               Nation
               .
               The
               fourth
               a
               Statuary
               .
               The
               Fifth
               and
               the
               Sixth
               were
               Painters
               .
               Apollodorus
               makes
               mention
               of
               both
               these
               .
               And
               the
               Books
               of
               the
               Cynick
               are
               in
               all
               Thirteen
               ,
               viz.
               His
               Evocation
               of
               Ghosts
               ;
               his
               Wills
               ;
               his
               Letters
               ,
               which
               he
               embellished
               with
               the
               Names
               and
               Persons
               of
               the
               Gods
               ;
               against
               the
               Naturallists
               ;
               against
               the
               Mathematicians
               ;
               against
               the
               *
               Literators
               .
               Against
               the
               
               Birth-days
               of
               Epicurus
               and
               the
               Twentieth
               Days
               celebrated
               by
               his
               Followers
               ;
               and
               so
               the
               rest
               in
               order
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               MENEDEMVS
               .
            
             
               MENEDEMUS
               was
               the
               Scholar
               
               of
               *
               Colotes
               of
               Lampsacos
               .
               This
               Man
               (
               as
               we
               are
               told
               by
               Hippobotus
               )
               arrived
               to
               that
               degree
               of
               Extravagancy
               ,
               as
               to
               take
               upon
               him
               the
               habit
               of
               a
               Fury
               ,
               and
               to
               go
               up
               and
               down
               saying
               ,
               He
               was
               come
               from
               the
               nether
               World
               to
               spy
               out
               Peoples
               Sins
               ,
               that
               so
               at
               his
               return
               down
               ,
               he
               might
               acquaint
               the
               Daemons
               there
               with
               them
               .
               And
               this
               was
               the
               kind
               of
               Garb
               he
               wore
               .
               A
               dark-coloured
               Gown
               down
               to
               his
               Feet
               ,
               and
               girt
               about
               him
               with
               a
               Purple
               Girdle
               ;
               an
               Arcadian
               Bonnet
               on
               his
               Head
               ,
               having
               the
               twelve
               signs
               of
               the
               Zodiack
               interwoven
               in
               it
               ;
               Tragick
               Buskins
               on
               his
               Feet
               ;
               a
               huge
               long
               Beard
               ,
               and
               an
               ashen
               Stick
               in
               his
               Hand
               .
            
             
               And
               these
               are
               the
               Lives
               of
               each
               of
               the
               
               Cynick
               Philosophers
               ;
               to
               which
               we
               will
               subjoin
               what
               they
               hold
               in
               common
               among
               them
               :
               For
               we
               esteem
               this
               as
               a
               Sect
               in
               Philosophy
               ,
               and
               not
               (
               as
               some
               think
               it
               )
               as
               only
               an
               affected
               way
               of
               Living
               .
               Their
               Opinion
               therefore
               is
               ,
               that
               Logicks
               and
               Physicks
               should
               be
               laid
               aside
               ,
               (
               in
               which
               they
               agree
               with
               Aristo
               of
               Chios
               )
               and
               that
               we
               ought
               to
               addict
               our selves
               wholly
               to
               Morals
               .
               And
               what
               some
               ascribe
               to
               Socrates
               ,
               that
               Diocles
               attributes
               to
               Diogenes
               ,
               saying
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               we
               should
               make
               it
               our
               Enquiry
               :
               
                 
                   VVhat
                   's
                   good
                   or
                   bad
                   within
                   our
                   proper
                   Doors
                   .
                
              
            
             
               They
               decline
               also
               the
               *
               ordinary
               
               Course
               of
               Arts.
               Therefore
               Antisthenes
               was
               used
               to
               say
               ,
               sober
               Persons
               should
               never
               learn
               Letters
               ,
               for
               fear
               they
               should
               be
               perverted
               by
               other
               Mens
               Reasonings
               .
               They
               also
               take
               away
               Geometry
               ,
               Musick
               ,
               and
               all
               such
               kind
               of
               things
               .
               Diogenes
               therefore
               said
               once
               to
               one
               that
               shewed
               him
               a
               new
               Sun-dial
               ,
               Ay
               ,
               it
               is
               a
               fine
               thing
               ,
               and
               very
               useful
               to
               prevent
               one
               from
               loosing
               ones
               Dinner
               .
               To
               one
               that
               made
               Ostentation
               to
               him
               of
               his
               Skill
               in
               Musick
               ,
               he
               said
               ,
               
                 
                 
                   Counsells
                   of
                   Men
                   rule
                   Towns
                   and
                   Houses
                   too
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   playing
                   on
                   the
                   Fiddle
                   will
                   not
                   do
                   .
                
              
            
             
               They
               likewise
               hold
               ;
               That
               a
               Life
               agreeable
               to
               Vertue
               is
               a
               Man's
               last
               Good
               ,
               as
               Antisthenes
               tells
               us
               in
               his
               Hercules
               ;
               in
               which
               they
               exactly
               agree
               with
               the
               Stoicks
               :
               For
               there
               is
               a
               kind
               of
               Affinity
               betwixt
               these
               two
               Sects
               ;
               which
               hath
               made
               some
               to
               define
               Cynicism
               to
               be
               a
               short
               Cut
               unto
               Vertue
               .
               And
               Zeno
               the
               Cittiean
               lived
               like
               them
               .
               They
               are
               moreover
               for
               a
               very
               mean
               way
               of
               Living
               ,
               and
               for
               using
               only
               a
               necessary
               Diet
               ,
               and
               wearing
               nothing
               but
               old
               thredbare
               Mantles
               ,
               and
               contemn
               Wealth
               ,
               Honour
               ,
               and
               Parentage
               .
               And
               therefore
               some
               live
               altogether
               upon
               Herbs
               and
               cold
               Water
               ,
               and
               use
               such
               places
               for
               Shelter
               as
               they
               next
               meet
               with
               ,
               and
               live
               in
               Tubs
               ,
               as
               did
               Diogenes
               ,
               who
               would
               often
               say
               ;
               It
               was
               the
               Property
               of
               the
               Gods
               to
               need
               nothing
               ,
               and
               of
               such
               as
               were
               like
               the
               Gods
               ,
               to
               make
               use
               of
               but
               few
               things
               .
               They
               believe
               also
               that
               Vertue
               may
               be
               acquired
               ,
               as
               Antisthenes
               writes
               in
               his
               Hercules
               .
               And
               that
               a
               wise
               Man
               should
               never
               be
               rejected
               .
               And
               that
               he
               merits
               Love.
               And
               that
               he
               will
               never
               do
               amiss
               .
               And
               that
               he
               is
               a
               Friend
               to
               his
               Like
               .
               And
               that
               he
               
               commits
               nothing
               to
               Fortune
               .
               But
               the
               things
               in
               the
               midst
               betwixt
               Vertue
               and
               Vice
               ,
               they
               term
               Indifferents
               ,
               in
               the
               same
               manner
               with
               Aristo
               of
               Chios
               .
               And
               these
               are
               the
               Cynicks
               ;
               we
               will
               next
               pass
               to
               the
               Stoicks
               ,
               who
               began
               in
               Zeno
               ,
               who
               was
               Disciple
               to
               Crates
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             
               Diogenes
               Laertius
            
             ,
             Containing
             the
             Lives
             ,
             Opinions
             ,
             and
             Sayings
             Of
             the
             most
             Eminent
             PHILOSOPHERS
             .
          
           
             The
             Seventh
             Book
             .
          
           
             Translated
             from
             the
             Greek
             by
             
               R.
               M.
            
             
          
           
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               ZENO
               .
            
             
               ZENO
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Mnaseas
               ,
               or
               Demeas
               ,
               a
               Cittiean
               ,
               was
               born
               in
               a
               City
               of
               the
               Greeks
               ,
               in
               the
               Island
               of
               Cyprus
               ,
               inhabited
               by
               the
               Phoenicians
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               wry-neck'd
               ,
               with
               his
               Head
               leaning
               more
               to
               one
               Shoulder
               than
               the
               other
               ;
               as
               Timotheus
               the
               Athenian
               relates
               ;
               
               in
               his
               
                 Lives
                 of
                 the
                 Philosophers
              
               .
               And
               Apollonius
               ,
               the
               Tyrian
               ,
               reports
               him
               to
               have
               been
               very
               lean
               and
               slender
               of
               Body
               ,
               very
               tall
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               swarthy
               Complexion
               .
               For
               which
               Reason
               ,
               there
               were
               some
               that
               Nick-nam'd
               him
               
                 The
                 Aegyptian
                 Sprigg
              
               ,
               or
               Vine-Branch
               ;
               as
               Chrysippus
               testifies
               in
               his
               first
               Book
               of
               Proverbs
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               his
               Thighs
               were
               always
               swollen
               to
               excess
               ;
               his
               Joints
               ill
               compacted
               ,
               and
               weak
               .
               Therefore
               ,
               as
               Perseus
               writes
               in
               his
               Symposiacs
               ,
               he
               declin'd
               all
               Invitations
               to
               plentiful
               Feasts
               ;
               feeding
               most
               heartily
               upon
               Figs
               ,
               either
               green
               ,
               or
               dry'd
               in
               the
               Sun.
               
            
             
               He
               was
               a
               ●●earer
               of
               Crates
               ,
               as
               already
               has
               been
               said
               .
               Afterwards
               he
               adher'd
               to
               Stilpo
               and
               Xenocrates
               ,
               for
               Ten
               Years
               together
               ;
               as
               Timocrates
               asserts
               in
               his
               Dio.
               At
               what
               time
               ,
               he
               also
               very
               much
               frequented
               
               Polemo's
               School
               .
               Hecaton
               likewise
               ,
               and
               Apollonius
               the
               Tyrian
               ,
               report
               ,
               that
               upon
               his
               consulting
               the
               Oracle
               ,
               What
               Course
               was
               fittest
               for
               a
               Man
               to
               take
               ,
               that
               intended
               to
               regulate
               and
               govern
               his
               Life
               after
               the
               best
               manner
               ?
               The
               Deity
               return'd
               for
               Answer
               ,
               That
               he
               should
               keep
               Consortship
               with
               the
               Dead
               .
               Upon
               which
               ,
               he
               fell
               to
               reading
               the
               Writings
               of
               the
               Ancients
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               Crates
               ,
               he
               met
               with
               him
               by
               this
               Accident
               :
               Being
               bound
               for
               Greece
               ,
               in
               a
               
               Vessel
               from
               Phoenicia
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               laden
               with
               Purple
               ,
               he
               was
               cast
               away
               not
               far
               from
               the
               Piraeum
               .
               Thereupon
               ,
               in
               a
               deep
               Melancholy
               for
               his
               Loss
               ,
               he
               came
               to
               Athens
               ,
               at
               that
               time
               Thirty
               years
               of
               Age
               ;
               he
               sate
               himself
               down
               in
               a
               Book-Seller's
               Shop
               .
               When
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               read
               a
               while
               in
               the
               Second
               Book
               of
               
                 Xenophon's
                 Commentaries
              
               ,
               pleas'd
               with
               the
               Subject
               ,
               he
               enquir'd
               where
               any
               such
               Men
               dwelt
               ?
               The
               Words
               were
               no
               sooner
               out
               of
               his
               Mouth
               ,
               but
               Crates
               accidentally
               passing
               by
               ,
               the
               Book-seller
               pointing
               to
               him
               ,
               bid
               him
               follow
               that
               man.
               And
               so
               from
               that
               time
               forward
               he
               became
               a
               Hearer
               of
               Crates
               ;
               whose
               Philosophy
               ,
               as
               being
               that
               for
               which
               he
               had
               a
               great
               Reverence
               ,
               he
               readily
               and
               quickly
               learnt
               ;
               but
               his
               Modesty
               would
               never
               permit
               him
               to
               affect
               the
               impudent
               Behaviour
               of
               Cynic
               Moroseness
               Crates
               therefore
               ,
               having
               a
               mind
               to
               cure
               him
               of
               that
               same
               Bashfulness
               ,
               gave
               him
               a
               Pot
               of
               Lentil-Potage
               to
               carry
               through
               the
               Street
               call'd
               *
               Keramicum
               ;
               but
               perceiving
               him
               to
               be
               asham'd
               ,
               &
               that
               he
               hid
               his
               Pot
               under
               his
               Garment
               ,
               with
               a
               Slap
               of
               his
               Cane
               he
               brake
               the
               Pipkin
               ,
               so
               that
               the
               Liquid
               Potage
               ran
               down
               
               Zeno's
               Heels
               of
               a
               Colour
               somewhat
               ignominious
               .
               Upon
               which
               Zeno
               nimbly
               mending
               his
               Pace
               ,
               Crates
               cry'd
               out
               ,
               
                 Hey
                 —
                 You
                 Merchant
                 of
                 E●lskins
                 ,
                 
                 whither
                 away
                 so
                 fast
                 ?
                 The
                 Mischance
                 will
                 never
                 spoil
                 thy
                 Marriage
                 .
              
               Thus
               for
               some
               time
               he
               was
               a
               Hearer
               of
               Crates
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               having
               written
               his
               Common-wealth
               ,
               several
               jok'd
               upon
               him
               ,
               and
               
               said
               ,
               *
               They
               were
               only
               the
               
                 F
                 —
                 t
                 s
                 of
                 the
                 Dog's
                 Tail.
                 
              
            
             
               Several
               other
               Treatises
               he
               wrote
               upon
               various
               Subjects
               ,
               under
               the
               following
               Titles
               :
               
                 Of
                 Life
                 according
                 to
                 Nature
                 .
                 Of
                 Instinct
                 ,
              
               or
               
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 Man.
                 Of
                 the
                 Affections
                 .
                 Of
                 Decency
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Sight
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Law.
                 Of
                 Grecian
                 Education
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Whole
                 .
                 Of
                 Signs
                 .
                 Pythagoricals
                 .
                 Vniversals
                 .
                 Of
                 Words
                 .
                 Five
              
               Homerical
               
                 Problemes
                 .
                 Of
                 Poetry
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Hearing
                 .
              
               He
               was
               also
               the
               Author
               of
               certain
               
                 Solutions
                 of
                 Questions
              
               ,
               relating
               to
               several
               Sciences
               :
               Two
               Books
               of
               
                 Confutations
                 ,
                 Commentaries
              
               ,
               Crates's
               Morals
               ;
               which
               were
               all
               his
               Works
               .
            
             
               At
               length
               he
               left
               Crates
               ,
               and
               for
               twenty
               years
               together
               heard
               the
               Persons
               before-nam'd
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               he
               is
               reported
               to
               have
               us'd
               this
               Expression
               :
               
                 'T
                 was
                 then
                 that
                 I
                 only
                 sail'd
                 with
                 a
                 prosperous
                 Gale
                 ,
                 when
                 I
                 suffer'd
                 Shipwrack
                 .
              
               Some
               assert
               ,
               that
               he
               spoke
               thus
               when
               he
               sojourn'd
               with
               Crates
               .
               But
               others
               ascertain
               us
               ,
               that
               he
               liv'd
               at
               Athens
               when
               his
               Ship
               was
               cast
               away
               ;
               and
               that
               when
               he
               heard
               the
               
               News
               ,
               he
               cry'd
               out
               ,
               *
               
                 Thou
                 dost
                 well
                 O
              
               
               
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 thus
                 to
                 compel
                 me
                 to
                 a
                 Thread
                 bare
                 Cloak
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Stoa
                 ,
              
               or
               the
               
                 Philosopher
                 Portico
              
               .
               Betaking
               himself
               therefore
               to
               the
               Poecile
               ,
               or
               the
               
                 Vary-colour'd
                 Portico
              
               ,
               so
               call'd
               ,
               from
               the
               great
               variety
               of
               Painting
               with
               which
               it
               was
               ado●●d
               by
               the
               hand
               of
               Polygnotus
               ,
               designing
               it
               a
               Place
               of
               Peace
               and
               Quiet
               ,
               that
               had
               been
               a
               Place
               of
               Sedition
               ;
               he
               there
               began
               to
               teach
               his
               Philosophy
               ,
               and
               read
               upon
               several
               Subjects
               .
               For
               in
               that
               Place
               ,
               during
               the
               Government
               of
               the
               Thirty
               Tyrants
               no
               less
               than
               fourteen
               hundred
               of
               the
               Athenians
               had
               been
               put
               to
               Death
               .
            
             
               Thither
               a
               great
               Number
               of
               Disciples
               flock'd
               to
               him
               ;
               and
               for
               that
               reason
               they
               were
               call'd
               Stoics
               ,
               who
               before
               from
               his
               own
               Name
               were
               call'd
               
                 Zenonians
                 ▪
              
               as
               Epicurus
               testifies
               in
               his
               Epistles
               .
               Formerly
               also
               the
               Poets
               that
               frequented
               that
               Place
               ,
               were
               call'd
               in
               like
               manner
               by
               the
               Name
               of
               Stoics
               ,
               according
               to
               Eratosthenes
               ,
               in
               his
               
                 Eighth
                 Book
              
               of
               the
               
                 Ancient
                 Comedy
              
               ;
               by
               whose
               means
               the
               Name
               became
               very
               numerous
               .
            
             
               By
               this
               time
               the
               Athenians
               had
               a
               high
               Esteem
               for
               Zeno
               ;
               insomuch
               that
               they
               entrusted
               him
               with
               the
               Keys
               of
               the
               City-Gates
               ,
               and
               honour'd
               him
               with
               a
               Crown
               of
               Gold
               ,
               and
               a
               Brazen
               Statue
               .
               And
               
               the
               same
               Honours
               his
               own
               Countrymen
               conferr'd
               upon
               him
               ;
               believing
               his
               Statue
               to
               be
               an
               Ornament
               to
               their
               City
               .
               The
               Cittians
               of
               Sidon
               paid
               him
               the
               same
               Respect
               .
               Antigonus
               also
               was
               his
               great
               Admirer
               ;
               and
               when
               he
               came
               to
               Athen's
               ,
               always
               went
               to
               hear
               him
               ,
               and
               made
               him
               frequent
               Invitations
               to
               his
               own
               Court.
               To
               which
               ,
               though
               he
               gave
               modest
               Denials
               himself
               ,
               yet
               he
               sent
               Persaeus
               ,
               one
               of
               his
               familiar
               Acquaintance
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Demetrius
               ,
               a
               Cittian
               by
               Birth
               ,
               who
               flourish'd
               in
               the
               hundred
               and
               thirtieth
               Olympiad
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               Zeno
               was
               far
               stricken
               in
               years
               .
               The
               Epistle
               sent
               him
               by
               Antigonus
               ,
               ran
               in
               these
               Words
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               recited
               by
               Apollonius
               the
               Tyrian
               ,
               in
               his
               Life
               of
               Zeno.
               
            
             
               
                 
                   King
                   Antigonus
                   to
                   Zeno
                   the
                   Philosopher
                   ,
                   Greeting
                   .
                
                 
                   I
                   Am
                   apt
                   to
                   believe
                   ,
                   that
                   Fortune
                   and
                   Honour
                   have
                   render'd
                   my
                   Life
                   much
                   more
                   remarkable
                   than
                   Thine
                   :
                   But
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   ,
                   for
                   Learning
                   ,
                   Knowledge
                   ,
                   and
                   perfect
                   Happiness
                   ,
                   I
                   cannot
                   but
                   think
                   thee
                   far
                   above
                   my self
                   :
                   Therefore
                   have
                   We
                   sent
                   thee
                   this
                   Invitation
                   to
                   Our
                   Court
                   ;
                   deeming
                   thou
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   so
                   unkind
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   deny
                   Our
                   Request
                   .
                   By
                   all
                   means
                   therefore
                   be
                   sure
                   to
                   
                   let
                   Me
                   enjoy
                   thy
                   Society
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   Recent
                   of
                   This
                   ;
                   assuring
                   thee
                   ,
                   that
                   thou
                   shalt
                   not
                   be
                   only
                   Mine
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Instructer
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Macedonians
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   that
                   is
                   able
                   to
                   teach
                   and
                   conduct
                   to
                   Virtue
                   the
                   Prince
                   of
                   the
                   Macedonians
                   ,
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   be
                   no
                   less
                   sufficient
                   to
                   instruct
                   his
                   Subjects
                   in
                   the
                   Noble
                   Lessons
                   of
                   Fortitude
                   and
                   Probity
                   .
                   For
                   such
                   as
                   is
                   the
                   Guide
                   and
                   Leader
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   most
                   probable
                   ,
                   that
                   such
                   will
                   be
                   the
                   Disciples
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     To
                     which
                  
                   Zeno
                   
                     return'd
                     the
                     following
                     Answer
                  
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   Zeno
                   ,
                   to
                   King
                   Antigonus
                   ,
                   Health
                
                 
                   I
                   Applaud
                   thy
                   Desire
                   of
                   Learning
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   really
                   true
                   ,
                   and
                   tending
                   altogether
                   to
                   Benefit
                   ;
                   not
                   Vulgar
                   ,
                   which
                   only
                   drives
                   ●●
                   the
                   Corruption
                   of
                   Manners
                   ;
                   for
                   he
                   that
                   applies
                   himself
                   to
                   the
                   Love
                   of
                   Wisdom
                   ,
                   decining
                   those
                   common
                   Pleasures
                   of
                   the
                   Cro●●
                   of
                   Mortals
                   ,
                   which
                   only
                   effeminate
                   the
                   So●●
                   of
                   Youth
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   shews
                   himself
                   by
                   Nature
                   but
                   by
                   Choice
                   ,
                   inclin'd
                   to
                   Virtue
                   and
                   Galla●try
                   .
                   And
                   such
                   a
                   Person
                   ,
                   endu'd
                   with
                   ●
                   Noble
                   and
                   Generous
                   Mind
                   ,
                   with
                   less
                   Practice
                   ,
                   so
                   his
                   Teacher
                   not
                   being
                   wanting
                   ●●
                   his
                   Instructions
                   ,
                   will
                   readily
                   and
                   easily
                   ●●tain
                   to
                   that
                   Perfection
                   which
                   he
                   aims
                   〈…〉
                   
                   Now
                   then
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   my self
                   ,
                   I
                   lie
                   fetter'd
                   with
                   the
                   Distempers
                   of
                   Old
                   Age
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Eightieth
                   Year
                   of
                   my
                   Age
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   the
                   Happiness
                   of
                   attending
                   thy
                   Person
                   ,
                   is
                   deny'd
                   me
                   :
                   But
                   I
                   have
                   sent
                   thee
                   one
                   of
                   my
                   Disciples
                   ,
                   for
                   Learning
                   ,
                   Instruction
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   concerns
                   the
                   Mind
                   ,
                   a
                   Person
                   equal
                   to
                   my self
                   ;
                   but
                   far
                   surpassing
                   me
                   in
                   Strength
                   of
                   Body
                   ;
                   with
                   whom
                   conversing
                   ,
                   Thou
                   wilt
                   not
                   want
                   whatever
                   may
                   conduce
                   to
                   compleat
                   thy
                   Felicity
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     With
                     this
                     Epistle
                     he
                     sent
                     away
                  
                   Persaeus
                   and
                   Philonides
                   the
                   Theban
                   ;
                   
                     of
                     whose
                     Familiarity
                     with
                  
                   Antigonus
                   ,
                   Epicurus
                   
                     makes
                     mention
                     in
                     his
                     Epistle
                     to
                     his
                     Brother
                  
                   Aristobulus
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     To
                     which
                     I
                     thought
                     fit
                     to
                     add
                     the
                     Decree
                     which
                     the
                  
                   Athenians
                   
                     made
                     in
                     his
                     behalf
                     :
                     Of
                     which
                     ,
                     this
                     is
                     the
                     Copy
                     .
                  
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   The
                   DECREE
                   .
                
                 
                   ARrhenides
                   ,
                   then
                   Governor
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Ward
                   of
                   Acamantis
                   ,
                   during
                   the
                   Sitting
                   of
                   the
                   Fifth
                   *
                   Prutany
                   ,
                   the
                   Thirteenth
                   Day
                   of
                   August
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Three
                   and
                   Twentieth
                   of
                   the
                   Sitting
                   of
                   the
                   said
                   Prutany
                   ,
                   
                   the
                   Assembly
                   of
                   the
                   Chief
                   Magistrates
                   ,
                   
                     Hippo
                     ,
                     Gratistoteles
                     ,
                     Xynipeteo
                     ,
                     Thraso
                     ,
                  
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Thraso
                   the
                   Anacaean
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Court
                   ,
                   thus
                   Decreed
                   :
                   Whereas
                   Zeno
                   ,
                   
                     the
                     Son
                     of
                  
                   Mnaseus
                   the
                   Cittian
                   ,
                   
                     has
                     for
                     many
                     years
                     liv'd
                     a
                     Philosophical
                     Life
                     in
                     this
                     City
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     all
                     things
                     has
                     behav'd
                     himself
                     like
                     a
                     Person
                     of
                     Virtue
                     and
                     Sincerity
                     ,
                     exhorting
                     all
                     Men
                     that
                     sought
                     his
                     Instruction
                     ,
                     to
                     Honesty
                     and
                     Frugality
                     ;
                     as
                     also
                     in
                     his
                     own
                     Person
                     setting
                     a
                     fair
                     Example
                     before
                     their
                     Eyes
                     ,
                     by
                     leading
                     a
                     Life
                     altogether
                     conformable
                     to
                     his
                     Precepts
                     ;
                     wishing
                     him
                     therefore
                     all
                     good
                     Fortune
                     ,
                     the
                     People
                     have
                     thought
                     meet
                     to
                     give
                     a
                     public
                     Mark
                     of
                     their
                     Commendations
                     of
                  
                   Zeno
                   ,
                   
                     and
                     to
                     crown
                     him
                     with
                     a
                     Crown
                     of
                     Gold
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     Laws
                     ,
                     as
                     the
                     Reward
                     of
                     his
                     Virtue
                     and
                     Temperance
                     ;
                     and
                     further
                     ,
                     to
                     erect
                     for
                     him
                     a
                     public
                     Monument
                     in
                     the
                  
                   *
                   Ceramicum
                   :
                   
                     Moreover
                     ,
                     for
                     making
                     the
                     Crown
                     ,
                     and
                     building
                     the
                     Tomb
                     ,
                     the
                     People
                     have
                     made
                     choice
                     of
                     five
                  
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   
                     who
                     shall
                     also
                     take
                     care
                     that
                     this
                     Decree
                     be
                     ingrav'd
                     by
                     the
                     Public
                     Scribe
                     upon
                     two
                     Pillars
                     ;
                     of
                     which
                     one
                     shall
                     be
                     set
                     up
                     in
                     the
                  
                   Academy
                   ,
                   
                     the
                     other
                     in
                     the
                  
                   Lycaeum
                   ;
                   
                     and
                     the
                     public
                     Treasurer
                     to
                     pay
                     the
                     Charges
                     of
                     the
                     Engraving
                     :
                     to
                     the
                     end
                     all
                     men
                     may
                     know
                     that
                     the
                     People
                     of
                  
                   Athens
                   
                     understand
                     how
                     ●o
                     value
                     good
                     Men
                     ,
                     both
                     living
                     ,
                     and
                     after
                     their
                     Decease
                     .
                     For
                     Surveyors
                     also
                     ,
                     they
                     make
                     
                     Choice
                     of
                  
                   Thraso
                   the
                   Anacaean
                   ,
                   Philocles
                   the
                   Pyraean
                   ;
                   Phoedrus
                   ,
                   the
                   Anaphlystian
                   ;
                   Melo
                   ,
                   the
                   Acarnean
                   ;
                   Mycethus
                   ,
                   the
                   Sympelletean
                   ;
                   and
                   Dio
                   ,
                   the
                   Poeanean
                   .
                
                 
                   Antigonus
                   the
                   Carystian
                   ,
                   affirms
                   ,
                   That
                   Zeno
                   never
                   deny'd
                   himself
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Cittian
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   himself
                   being
                   one
                   who
                   contributed
                   to
                   the
                   Structure
                   of
                   the
                   Bath
                   ,
                   and
                   being
                   present
                   when
                   Zeno
                   beheld
                   the
                   Inscription
                   of
                   Zeno
                   the
                   Philosopher
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   Pillars
                   ;
                   he
                   heard
                   him
                   also
                   desire
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Addition
                   of
                   Cittian
                   might
                   be
                   put
                   in
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   he
                   follow'd
                   Crates
                   ,
                   he
                   made
                   a
                   Cup
                   with
                   a
                   Cover
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   wherein
                   he
                   carry'd
                   his
                   Money
                   to
                   supply
                   Crates
                   with
                   Necessaries
                   where-ever
                   he
                   went.
                   
                
                 
                   His
                   Estate
                   also
                   was
                   valu'd
                   at
                   a
                   Thousand
                   Talents
                   when
                   he
                   first
                   came
                   into
                   Greece
                   ;
                   and
                   it
                   is
                   said
                   farther
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   us'd
                   to
                   lend
                   his
                   Money
                   to
                   the
                   Sea-men
                   upon
                   Bottomree
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   his
                   Diet
                   he
                   was
                   very
                   sparing
                   ;
                   a
                   short
                   pittance
                   of
                   Bread
                   and
                   ●oney
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   small
                   Draught
                   of
                   sweet
                   Wine
                   satisfying
                   his
                   Hunger
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   rarely
                   made
                   Use
                   of
                   Boys
                   ;
                   and
                   once
                   he
                   took
                   to
                   his
                   Bed
                   an
                   ordinary
                   Maid-Servant
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   might
                   not
                   be
                   thought
                   to
                   hate
                   the
                   Sex.
                   
                
                 
                 
                   He
                   liv'd
                   in
                   the
                   House
                   of
                   Persaeus
                   ;
                   who
                   ,
                   thinking
                   to
                   please
                   him
                   ,
                   one
                   time
                   among
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   brought
                   him
                   home
                   a
                   young
                   Minstrel
                   ;
                   but
                   so
                   little
                   did
                   he
                   regard
                   his
                   Friend's
                   Kindness
                   ,
                   that
                   after
                   he
                   had
                   stripp'd
                   her
                   ,
                   he
                   deliver'd
                   her
                   back
                   to
                   the
                   Embraces
                   of
                   Persaeus
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   was
                   of
                   so
                   easie
                   a
                   Nature
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   could
                   comply
                   with
                   all
                   Humors
                   ;
                   insomuch
                   that
                   he
                   would
                   drink
                   to
                   a
                   Pitch
                   with
                   Antigonus
                   ,
                   who
                   would
                   take
                   him
                   along
                   with
                   him
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   went
                   to
                   be
                   merry
                   with
                   Aristocles
                   the
                   Harper
                   ;
                   but
                   then
                   he
                   would
                   hide
                   himself
                   up
                   for
                   a
                   time
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   avoided
                   all
                   Popularity
                   ,
                   refusing
                   to
                   sit
                   in
                   the
                   uppermost
                   Seats
                   ,
                   though
                   the
                   Crowd
                   were
                   far
                   more
                   troublesom
                   to
                   him
                   .
                   Nor
                   would
                   he
                   be
                   seen
                   to
                   walk
                   with
                   more
                   then
                   two
                   or
                   three
                   at
                   a
                   time
                   .
                   And
                   to
                   others
                   he
                   gave
                   Money
                   to
                   forbear
                   thrusting
                   upon
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   keep
                   off
                   the
                   Throng
                   ;
                   as
                   Cleanthes
                   reports
                   in
                   his
                   Treatise
                   of
                   
                     Bra●●
                     Coyns
                  
                   .
                   At
                   another
                   time
                   ,
                   the
                   People
                   being
                   gather'd
                   about
                   him
                   ,
                   pointing
                   to
                   the
                   Wooden
                   Rails
                   of
                   the
                   Altar
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   upp●●
                   end
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Stoa
                     ;
                     This
                     Altar
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     formerly
                     stood
                     in
                     the
                     middle
                     of
                     the
                  
                   Portico
                   ,
                   ●●
                   
                     because
                     it
                     was
                     cumbersom
                     ,
                     it
                     was
                     remov●
                     where
                     it
                     now
                     stands
                     by
                     it self
                     ;
                     in
                     like
                     manner
                     ,
                     if
                     you
                     would
                     but
                     stand
                     a
                     little
                     further
                     off
                     ,
                     you
                     would
                     be
                     less
                     troublesom
                     to
                     Vs
                     .
                  
                   A●
                   
                   another
                   time
                   ,
                   Demochares
                   ,
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Laches
                   ,
                   embracing
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   offering
                   ,
                   if
                   he
                   desir'd
                   it
                   ,
                   to
                   speak
                   and
                   write
                   to
                   Antigenus
                   ,
                   as
                   one
                   that
                   would
                   be
                   sure
                   to
                   supply
                   him
                   with
                   whatever
                   he
                   wanted
                   ,
                   he
                   took
                   it
                   so
                   hainously
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   would
                   never
                   come
                   into
                   his
                   Company
                   more
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   reported
                   ,
                   That
                   after
                   
                   Zeno's
                   Decease
                   ,
                   Antigonus
                   should
                   use
                   this
                   Expression
                   ;
                   
                     What
                     a
                     Sight
                     have
                     I
                     lost
                     !
                  
                   And
                   therefore
                   he
                   made
                   it
                   his
                   Request
                   ,
                   by
                   Thraso
                   ,
                   his
                   Ambassador
                   to
                   the
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   That
                   he
                   might
                   be
                   buried
                   in
                   the
                   Ceramicum
                   .
                   And
                   being
                   ask'd
                   ,
                   Why
                   he
                   so
                   much
                   admir'd
                   him
                   ?
                   Because
                   ,
                   said
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   
                     that
                     after
                     many
                     and
                     great
                     Presents
                     that
                     I
                     made
                     him
                     ,
                     he
                     was
                     never
                     the
                     more
                     vainly
                     proud
                     ;
                     but
                     still
                     the
                     humblest
                     Person
                     in
                     the
                     World.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   full
                   of
                   Doubts
                   and
                   Queries
                   ;
                   and
                   whatever
                   he
                   heard
                   or
                   read
                   ,
                   he
                   weigh'd
                   it
                   exactly
                   :
                   For
                   which
                   Reason
                   ,
                   Timon
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Silli
                   ,
                   gives
                   him
                   this
                   Character
                   ;
                   
                     
                       Like
                       Red-nos'd
                       Bawd
                       the
                       Mortal
                       there
                       I
                       saw
                       ,
                    
                     
                       That
                       in
                       the
                       shady
                       Stoa
                       laid
                       the
                       Law
                       ;
                    
                     
                       Bedlam
                       Phoenissa
                       ,
                       Gammer
                       Prate-apace
                       ;
                    
                     
                       For
                       you
                       might
                       think
                       him
                       Woman
                       by
                       his
                       Face
                       ;
                    
                     
                     
                       Her
                       Wicker-Basket
                       all
                       the
                       while
                       ran
                       o're
                       〈◊〉
                    
                     
                       But
                       empty-headed
                       as
                       an
                       old
                       Bandore
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   He
                   was
                   a
                   diligent
                   Observer
                   of
                   Philo
                   the
                   Logician
                   ,
                   with
                   whom
                   he
                   spent
                   much
                   of
                   his
                   Time
                   ;
                   for
                   which
                   Reason
                   he
                   was
                   admir'd
                   by
                   Zeno
                   the
                   younger
                   ,
                   no
                   less
                   then
                   his
                   Master
                   Diodorus
                   .
                
                 
                   Timon
                   also
                   derides
                   the
                   Shabbiness
                   of
                   his
                   Attendants
                   ;
                   who
                   were
                   all
                   a
                   sort
                   of
                   Needy
                   ,
                   Rascally
                   ,
                   Nasty
                   Tatter-de-mallions
                   .
                   
                     
                       Close
                       at
                       his
                       Heels
                       a
                       Crowd
                       of
                       Varlets
                       creep
                       ,
                    
                     
                       
                         Old
                         Hats
                         ,
                         Buy
                         any
                         Brooms
                         ,
                      
                       and
                       Chimney-Sweep
                       ,
                    
                     
                       In
                       Tatters
                       ,
                       Rags
                       and
                       Jags
                       ,
                       see
                       where
                       the
                       Clown
                    
                     
                       They
                       follow
                       ;
                       the
                       meer
                       Scum
                       of
                       all
                       the
                       Town
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   He
                   had
                   a
                   Morose
                   ,
                   Dogged
                   ,
                   Surly
                   Look
                   ;
                   and
                   his
                   Forehead
                   was
                   all
                   furrow'd
                   into
                   Wrinkles
                   .
                   His
                   Habit
                   also
                   was
                   very
                   mean
                   ,
                   approaching
                   next
                   to
                   Barbarous
                   Penury
                   ,
                   under
                   pretence
                   of
                   Frugality
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   he
                   reprov'd
                   any
                   Person
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   very
                   quick
                   and
                   concise
                   ,
                   not
                   using
                   many
                   Words
                   ;
                   nor
                   would
                   he
                   do
                   it
                   too
                   closely
                   ,
                   but
                   expressing
                   himself
                   at
                   a
                   distance
                   ;
                   as
                   when
                   he
                   twitted
                   a
                   spruce
                   young
                   Gallant
                   ,
                   that
                   pass'd
                   slowly
                   by
                   him
                   in
                   his
                   Chariot
                   :
                   
                   
                     He
                     does
                     well
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     to
                     keep
                     his
                     Eyes
                     off
                     the
                     Dirt
                     ;
                     for
                     he
                     cannot
                     see
                     himself
                     there
                     ,
                     as
                     he
                     does
                     in
                     his
                     Glass
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Another
                   time
                   ,
                   a
                   certain
                   Cynic
                   ,
                   telling
                   him
                   ,
                   he
                   had
                   no
                   Oil
                   in
                   his
                   Cruse
                   ,
                   desir'd
                   him
                   to
                   bestow
                   some
                   upon
                   him
                   ;
                   to
                   whom
                   Zeno
                   made
                   Answer
                   ,
                   
                     He
                     would
                     give
                     him
                     none
                  
                   :
                   As
                   he
                   was
                   going
                   away
                   ,
                   he
                   bid
                   him
                   take
                   notice
                   which
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   was
                   the
                   more
                   impudent
                   .
                
                 
                   Being
                   wantonly
                   affected
                   toward
                   Chremonides
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Lad
                   and
                   Cleanthes
                   sate
                   down
                   ,
                   he
                   rose
                   up
                   ;
                   at
                   which
                   Cleanthes
                   admiring
                   ,
                   
                     I
                     have
                     heard
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     the
                     most
                     skilful
                     Physicians
                     say
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     best
                     Cure
                     for
                     a
                     Swelling
                     is
                     Rest
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Two
                   Persons
                   at
                   a
                   Banquet
                   ,
                   lying
                   upon
                   the
                   same
                   Couch
                   ,
                   and
                   Zeno
                   observing
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   who
                   lay
                   uppermost
                   ,
                   and
                   next
                   to
                   himself
                   ,
                   bobb'd
                   the
                   lowermost
                   in
                   the
                   Tail
                   with
                   his
                   Foot
                   ,
                   he
                   fell
                   a
                   butting
                   the
                   Bum
                   of
                   the
                   next
                   to
                   him
                   with
                   his
                   Knee
                   .
                   Upon
                   which
                   ,
                   the
                   uppermost
                   turning
                   about
                   ;
                   
                     What
                     's
                     the
                     Matter
                     ,
                     said
                     he
                     ,
                     Dost
                     think
                     thy
                     Neighbour
                     felt
                     any
                     Pleasure
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   To
                   a
                   great
                   Lover
                   of
                   Boys
                   ,
                   
                     I
                     fear
                     me
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     those
                     Masters
                     will
                     never
                     have
                     much
                     Wit
                     ,
                     that
                     are
                     always
                     conversing
                     with
                     Children
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   He
                   was
                   wont
                   to
                   liken
                   a
                   neat
                   Oration
                   ,
                   that
                   was
                   nothing
                   to
                   the
                   purpose
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   
                   Coyn
                   of
                   Alexandria
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   pleasing
                   to
                   the
                   Eye
                   ,
                   and
                   flourish'd
                   about
                   with
                   curious
                   Letters
                   ,
                   but
                   never
                   a
                   whit
                   the
                   more
                   in
                   value
                   for
                   that
                   ;
                   but
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Tetradrachma's
                   of
                   Athens
                   ,
                   that
                   were
                   rudely
                   and
                   slovenly
                   cut
                   ;
                   many
                   times
                   surpassing
                   those
                   Harangues
                   that
                   were
                   more
                   politely
                   writ
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   his
                   Disciple
                   Aristo
                   recited
                   some
                   things
                   without
                   any
                   Grace
                   of
                   Delivery
                   ,
                   other
                   things
                   with
                   a
                   rash
                   and
                   over-confident
                   Vehemence
                   ,
                   he
                   said
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   That
                   
                     't
                     was
                     impossible
                     that
                     any
                     man
                     should
                     commit
                     such
                     Absurdities
                     ,
                     whose
                     Father
                     had
                     not
                     begotten
                     him
                     when
                     he
                     was
                     drunk
                     .
                  
                   Therefore
                   he
                   call'd
                   him
                   Prater
                   and
                   Babler
                   .
                   himself
                   being
                   a
                   Person
                   of
                   few
                   Words
                   .
                
                 
                   Observing
                   a
                   large
                   Fish
                   set
                   before
                   a
                   notorious
                   Glutton
                   ,
                   that
                   us'd
                   to
                   leave
                   nothing
                   for
                   his
                   Companions
                   ,
                   he
                   took
                   away
                   the
                   Fish
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   he
                   intended
                   to
                   have
                   eaten
                   it
                   .
                   To
                   whom
                   ,
                   not
                   knowing
                   well
                   how
                   to
                   take
                   it
                   ,
                   
                     How
                     dost
                     thou
                     think
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     thy
                     Companions
                     should
                     bear
                     with
                     thy
                     greedy
                     Appetite
                     every
                     day
                     ,
                     if
                     thou
                     canst
                     not
                     brook
                     my
                     hearty
                     Feeding
                     for
                     once
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   Another
                   time
                   ,
                   when
                   a
                   young
                   Stripling
                   began
                   to
                   ask
                   certain
                   Questions
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   Peremptoriness
                   not
                   becoming
                   his
                   Age
                   ,
                   he
                   led
                   the
                   young
                   Gentleman
                   to
                   the
                   Looking-Glass
                   ,
                   and
                   bidding
                   him
                   take
                   good
                   Notice
                   
                   of
                   his
                   own
                   Face
                   ;
                   ask'd
                   him
                   ,
                   
                     Whether
                     be
                     thought
                     such
                     Questions
                     became
                     his
                     years
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   To
                   one
                   who
                   told
                   him
                   ,
                   That
                   several
                   of
                   
                   Antisthenes's
                   Works
                   did
                   not
                   please
                   him
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   ,
                   he
                   also
                   appeal'd
                   to
                   the
                   Judgment
                   of
                   Sophoeles
                   ;
                   he
                   put
                   the
                   Question
                   ,
                   
                     Whether
                     he
                     thought
                     well
                     of
                     any
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     Author's
                     Writings
                     ?
                  
                   Who
                   answering
                   ,
                   That
                   he
                   had
                   not
                   seen
                   all
                   ;
                   
                     Art
                     not
                     thou
                     then
                     asham'd
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     to
                     cull
                     and
                     remember
                     what
                  
                   Antisthenes
                   
                     has
                     said
                     amiss
                     ,
                     and
                     yet
                     to
                     take
                     ●…o
                     Notice
                     of
                     what
                     he
                     has
                     done
                     well
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   To
                   one
                   that
                   found
                   fault
                   with
                   the
                   Brevity
                   of
                   the
                   Philosophers
                   Sentences
                   ,
                   he
                   reply'd
                   ,
                   That
                   
                     their
                     very
                     Syllables
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     shorter
                     then
                     others
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     were
                     possible
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   To
                   one
                   that
                   found
                   fault
                   with
                   Polemo
                   ,
                   for
                   that
                   he
                   propounded
                   one
                   thing
                   ,
                   and
                   spoke
                   another
                   ;
                   knitting
                   his
                   Brows
                   ,
                   
                     Did
                     it
                     not
                     shew
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     how
                     highly
                     he
                     preferr'd
                     those
                     things
                     that
                     were
                     granted
                     ?
                  
                   He
                   was
                   wont
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   That
                   a
                   loud
                   Voice
                   and
                   a
                   vehement
                   Gesture
                   became
                   an
                   Orator
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   did
                   an
                   Actor
                   ;
                   only
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   to
                   beware
                   how
                   he
                   splay'd
                   with
                   his
                   Mouth
                   ,
                   or
                   skew-skaw'd
                   his
                   Lips
                   to
                   and
                   again
                   ,
                   as
                   many
                   did
                   ,
                   through
                   difficulty
                   of
                   Utterance
                   .
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   That
                   they
                   who
                   spake
                   well
                   ,
                   were
                   not
                   to
                   permit
                   their
                   Auditors
                   Leisure
                   to
                   stare
                   ,
                   like
                   Work-men
                   who
                   put
                   their
                   Pieces
                   to
                   shew
                   .
                   On
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   ,
                   
                   That
                   it
                   became
                   the
                   Hearer
                   to
                   be
                   so
                   intent
                   upon
                   what
                   was
                   deliver'd
                   ,
                   as
                   not
                   to
                   permit
                   himself
                   time
                   to
                   take
                   Notes
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   a
                   young
                   prating
                   Fool
                   that
                   spake
                   more
                   then
                   became
                   him
                   ;
                   
                     Thy
                     Ears
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     are
                     run
                     into
                     thy
                     Tongue
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   a
                   handsom
                   young
                   Man
                   ,
                   that
                   said
                   ,
                   He
                   did
                   not
                   believe
                   a
                   Philosopher
                   could
                   be
                   in
                   Love
                   ;
                   
                     There
                     is
                     nothing
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     more
                     irksom
                     to
                     us
                     than
                     Beauty
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   He
                   was
                   wont
                   to
                   say
                   ;
                   That
                   most
                   Philosophers
                   in
                   many
                   things
                   were
                   meer
                   Fools
                   ;
                   in
                   slight
                   and
                   fortuitous
                   things
                   Illiterate
                   .
                   To
                   which
                   he
                   added
                   that
                   of
                   Caphesius
                   the
                   Piper
                   ,
                   who
                   ,
                   observing
                   one
                   of
                   his
                   Scholars
                   to
                   fill
                   his
                   Instrument
                   with
                   more
                   Wind
                   then
                   was
                   necessary
                   ,
                   gave
                   him
                   a
                   Rap
                   ,
                   and
                   told
                   him
                   withal
                   ,
                   
                     That
                     good
                     Play
                     did
                     not
                     consist
                     in
                     Sound
                     ,
                     but
                     Sound
                     in
                     good
                     Play.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   Another
                   time
                   ,
                   a
                   certain
                   Rhodian
                   ,
                   wealthy
                   and
                   handsom
                   ,
                   came
                   to
                   him
                   to
                   be
                   his
                   Schollar
                   ;
                   unwiling
                   therefore
                   to
                   receive
                   him
                   ,
                   he
                   bid
                   him
                   go
                   fit
                   upon
                   the
                   Stone-steps
                   that
                   lead
                   to
                   the
                   Public
                   Guild
                   ,
                   to
                   dirty
                   his
                   fine
                   Cloak
                   ;
                   and
                   when
                   he
                   had
                   done
                   so
                   ,
                   to
                   go
                   and
                   live
                   a
                   while
                   among
                   the
                   Beggars
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   might
                   be
                   accustom'd
                   to
                   their
                   Tatters
                   ;
                   upon
                   which
                   the
                   young
                   man
                   departed
                   .
                   He
                   was
                   wont
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   
                     That
                     there
                     was
                     nothing
                     so
                     misbecoming
                     as
                     Pride
                     and
                     Loftiness
                     ,
                     especially
                     in
                     young
                     Men.
                     
                  
                
                 
                 
                   He
                   advis'd
                   all
                   young
                   Students
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   trouble
                   their
                   Brains
                   about
                   Words
                   and
                   Sounds
                   ,
                   but
                   to
                   exercise
                   their
                   Minds
                   about
                   what
                   was
                   truly
                   beneficial
                   ;
                   for
                   fear
                   of
                   attaining
                   no
                   farther
                   then
                   to
                   a
                   meer
                   Smackering
                   in
                   Learning
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   admonish'd
                   Youth
                   to
                   be
                   careful
                   in
                   the
                   Observance
                   of
                   all
                   imaginable
                   Decency
                   and
                   Modesty
                   ,
                   both
                   in
                   their
                   Gate
                   ,
                   their
                   Gestures
                   and
                   Habit
                   ;
                   frequently
                   repeating
                   those
                   Verses
                   of
                   Euripides
                   concerning
                   Capaneus
                   .
                   
                     
                       A
                       plentiful
                       Estate
                       supply'd
                       his
                       Wants
                       ;
                    
                     
                       Yet
                       all
                       his
                       Wealth
                       ne'er
                       made
                       him
                       vainly
                       Proud
                       ;
                    
                     
                       But
                       humble
                       still
                       ,
                       as
                       th'
                       humblest
                       of
                       the
                       Poor
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   He
                   was
                   wont
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   That
                   there
                   was
                   no
                   greater
                   Obstacle
                   to
                   the
                   gaining
                   of
                   Knowledge
                   ,
                   then
                   Poetry
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   there
                   was
                   nothing
                   which
                   we
                   stood
                   more
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   then
                   Time.
                   
                
                 
                   Being
                   ask'ed
                   ,
                   Who
                   was
                   a
                   true
                   Friend
                   ?
                   he
                   answer'd
                   ,
                   
                     The
                     t'other
                     My self
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Having
                   discover'd
                   one
                   of
                   his
                   Servants
                   in
                   a
                   piece
                   of
                   Thievery
                   ,
                   he
                   chastiz'd
                   him
                   severely
                   ;
                   at
                   what
                   time
                   the
                   Servant
                   crying
                   our
                   ,
                   
                     What
                     ill
                     Luck
                     had
                     I
                     to
                     steal
                     !
                     And
                     to
                     be
                     bang'd
                     for
                     thy
                     pains
                  
                   ;
                   reply'd
                   his
                   Master
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   To
                   a
                   Minion
                   of
                   one
                   of
                   his
                   familiar
                   Friends
                   ,
                   beholding
                   him
                   with
                   a
                   black
                   and
                   blue
                   Eye
                   ;
                   
                     I
                     see
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     the
                     Footsteps
                     of
                     Anger
                     ,
                     not
                     of
                     Love.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   To
                   one
                   that
                   was
                   anoited
                   all
                   over
                   with
                   precious
                   Ointment
                   ;
                   
                     Who
                     's
                     this
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     that
                     smells
                     so
                     much
                     of
                     Woman
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   To
                   one
                   Dionysius
                   ,
                   a
                   frequent
                   Retractor
                   of
                   his
                   own
                   Opinions
                   ,
                   who
                   ask'd
                   Why
                   he
                   did
                   not
                   correct
                   himself
                   ?
                   Because
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     I
                     do
                     not
                     believe
                     thee
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   an
                   impertinent
                   young
                   Man
                   ,
                   that
                   put
                   the
                   Question
                   ,
                   Why
                   we
                   have
                   two
                   Ears
                   ,
                   and
                   but
                   one
                   Mouth
                   ?
                   Because
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     we
                     should
                     hear
                     more
                     ,
                     and
                     speak
                     less
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Another
                   time
                   ,
                   as
                   he
                   was
                   sitting
                   at
                   a
                   Banquet
                   ,
                   and
                   saying
                   never
                   a
                   Word
                   ,
                   to
                   one
                   that
                   ask'd
                   him
                   the
                   Reason
                   why
                   ?
                   
                     Go
                     tell
                     the
                     King
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     that
                     here
                     is
                     one
                     knows
                     how
                     to
                     hold
                     his
                     Peace
                     .
                  
                   For
                   it
                   seems
                   the
                   Question
                   was
                   ask'd
                   by
                   one
                   of
                   
                   Ptolomy's
                   Ambassadors
                   ,
                   who
                   were
                   before
                   not
                   a
                   little
                   solicitous
                   to
                   know
                   ,
                   what
                   Character
                   they
                   should
                   give
                   of
                   him
                   to
                   the
                   King.
                   
                
                 
                   Being
                   ask'd
                   what
                   he
                   thought
                   of
                   Detraction
                   and
                   opprobrious
                   Words
                   ?
                   He
                   reply'd
                   ,
                   
                     As
                     if
                     an
                     Ambassador
                     should
                     be
                     sent
                     away
                     without
                     an
                     Answer
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Apollonius
                     Tyrius
                  
                   relates
                   ,
                   That
                   when
                   Crates
                   pull'd
                   him
                   away
                   by
                   the
                   Cloak
                   from
                   Stilpo
                   ,
                   he
                   made
                   him
                   this
                   Answer
                   ;
                   Crates
                   ,
                   
                   (
                   said
                   he
                   )
                   
                     the
                     best
                     way
                     to
                     take
                     a
                     Philosopher
                     ,
                     is
                     ,
                     by
                     the
                     Ears
                     ;
                     for
                     if
                     thou
                     const
                     prevail
                     ,
                     thou
                     hast
                     me
                     sure
                     ;
                     but
                     if
                     thou
                     forcest
                     me
                     ,
                     my
                     Body
                     perhaps
                     may
                     follow
                     thee
                     ,
                     but
                     my
                     Heart
                     will
                     continue
                     with
                  
                   Stilpo
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   also
                   liv'd
                   with
                   Diodorus
                   ,
                   as
                   Hippobatus
                   relates
                   ;
                   with
                   whom
                   he
                   study'd
                   Logic
                   ;
                   wherein
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   came
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Proficient
                   ,
                   he
                   repair'd
                   to
                   Polemo
                   ,
                   with
                   an
                   intention
                   to
                   abate
                   his
                   Pride
                   :
                   Who
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   reported
                   ,
                   so
                   soon
                   as
                   he
                   saw
                   him
                   coming
                   ,
                   O
                   Zeno
                   ,
                   (
                   cry'd
                   he
                   )
                   
                     I
                     am
                     not
                     ignorant
                     of
                     thy
                     creeping
                     in
                     at
                     the
                     Garden-Doors
                     ,
                     to
                     steal
                     away
                     my
                     Precepts
                     ,
                     and
                     wear
                     them
                     after
                     the
                  
                   Phoenician
                   manner
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   also
                   farther
                   said
                   of
                   him
                   ,
                   That
                   when
                   his
                   Master
                   told
                   him
                   ,
                   there
                   were
                   seven
                   sorts
                   of
                   Logic
                   in
                   Human
                   Dialect
                   ;
                   he
                   ask'd
                   his
                   Master
                   ,
                   what
                   he
                   would
                   have
                   to
                   teach
                   'em
                   all
                   ?
                   Who
                   ,
                   demanding
                   a
                   hundred
                   ,
                   he
                   gave
                   him
                   two
                   hundred
                   Pieces
                   ;
                   such
                   was
                   his
                   Affection
                   to
                   Learning
                   .
                   He
                   is
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   first
                   also
                   that
                   defin'd
                   the
                   Word
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   
                     Becoming
                     Duty
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   wrote
                   a
                   Treatise
                   concerning
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   was
                   wont
                   to
                   transpose
                   the
                   two
                   Verses
                   of
                   Hesiod
                   thus
                   ;
                   
                     
                       The
                       best
                       of
                       Men
                       obedient
                       lives
                    
                     
                       To
                       him
                       that
                       true
                       Instruction
                       gives
                       :
                    
                     
                     
                       And
                       Good
                       is
                       he
                       ,
                       by
                       restless
                       Pains
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Who
                       all
                       things
                       of
                       himself
                       attains
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Whereas
                   in
                   Hesiod
                   they
                   run
                   thus
                   ;
                   
                     
                       The
                       best
                       of
                       Men
                       by
                       restless
                       pains
                       ,
                    
                     
                       To
                       all
                       Things
                       of
                       himself
                       attains
                       ;
                    
                     
                       Nor
                       Evil
                       he
                       ,
                       that
                       yielding
                       lives
                    
                     
                       To
                       him
                       that
                       true
                       Instruction
                       gives
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   But
                   Zeno
                   thought
                   him
                   the
                   better
                   Man
                   that
                   gave
                   Ear
                   to
                   true
                   Instruction
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   a
                   right
                   Use
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   then
                   he
                   that
                   of
                   himself
                   understood
                   all
                   things
                   :
                   For
                   the
                   one
                   was
                   Master
                   of
                   Vnderstanding
                   only
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   other
                   by
                   Obedience
                   put
                   in
                   execution
                   what
                   he
                   understood
                   .
                
                 
                   Being
                   ask'd
                   ,
                   why
                   he
                   was
                   so
                   austere
                   ?
                   He
                   reply'd
                   ,
                   
                     That
                     Humor
                     empties
                     when
                     I
                     take
                     off
                     my
                     Cups
                     .
                     Lupins
                     are
                     bitter
                     ,
                     but
                     being
                     steep'd
                     in
                     Water
                     ,
                     become
                     sweet
                     .
                  
                   And
                   Hecato
                   testifies
                   ,
                   That
                   he
                   would
                   abate
                   of
                   his
                   Severity
                   at
                   such
                   kind
                   of
                   Compotations
                   :
                   being
                   wont
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   
                     That
                     it
                     was
                     better
                     for
                     a
                     man
                     to
                     falter
                     with
                     his
                     Feet
                     ,
                     then
                     with
                     his
                     Tongue
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   He
                   affirm'd
                   ,
                   That
                   men
                   became
                   good
                   by
                   little
                   and
                   little
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   it
                   was
                   not
                   a
                   small
                   thing
                   to
                   do
                   good
                   .
                   Which
                   Saying
                   is
                   by
                   others
                   attributed
                   to
                   Socrates
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   He
                   was
                   a
                   Person
                   of
                   extraordinary
                   Patience
                   ,
                   a
                   moderate
                   Feeder
                   ,
                   affecting
                   generally
                   a
                   rare
                   Diet
                   ;
                   and
                   never
                   wore
                   any
                   other
                   then
                   a
                   very
                   thin
                   Cloak
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   it
                   was
                   said
                   of
                   him
                   ,
                   
                     
                       Nor
                       could
                       the
                       VVinter's
                       Cold
                       ,
                       nor
                       pouring
                       Rain
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Nor
                       scorching
                       Heat
                       ,
                       or
                       Sickness
                       tame
                       this
                       Man
                       ;
                    
                     
                       But
                       like
                       the
                       meanest
                       of
                       the
                       Vulgar
                       Crowd
                       ,
                    
                     
                       All
                       Seasons
                       his
                       Transparent
                       Cloak
                       withstood
                       :
                    
                     
                       For
                       Day
                       and
                       Night
                       ,
                       by
                       restless
                       Study
                       charm'd
                       ,
                    
                     
                       The
                       Labour
                       of
                       his
                       Mind
                       his
                       Body
                       warm'd
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Nor
                   were
                   the
                   Comic
                   Poets
                   aware
                   of
                   the
                   Encomiums
                   which
                   they
                   gave
                   him
                   ,
                   while
                   they
                   bestow'd
                   their
                   Jokes
                   and
                   Sarcasms
                   so
                   freely
                   upon
                   him
                   ;
                   among
                   whom
                   Philemon
                   was
                   one
                   in
                   his
                   Comedy
                   ,
                   call'd
                   
                     The
                     Philosopher
                  
                   ;
                   where
                   he
                   cries
                   ,
                   
                     
                       A
                       Parsnip
                       serves
                       for
                       Bread
                       ,
                       for
                       Meat
                       a
                       Sprat
                       ;
                    
                     
                       A
                       Draught
                       of
                       VVater
                       ,
                       and
                       a
                       Mess
                       of
                       Chat
                       :
                    
                     
                       And
                       thus
                       our
                       new
                       Philosopher
                       has
                       found
                    
                     
                       A
                       way
                       to
                       keep
                       his
                       VVits
                       and
                       Body
                       sound
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       Yet
                       though
                       he
                       teach
                       his
                       Scholars
                       to
                       be
                       poor
                    
                     
                       And
                       starve
                       ,
                       they
                       say
                       ,
                       he
                       has
                       Disciples
                       store
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Others
                   father
                   these
                   Verses
                   upon
                   Posidippus
                   .
                   And
                   now
                   it
                   is
                   almost
                   grown
                   into
                   a
                   Proverb
                   ,
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   
                     More
                     abstemious
                     then
                     the
                     Philosopher
                  
                   :
                   Which
                   perhaps
                   might
                   be
                   borrow'd
                   from
                   that
                   of
                   Posidippus
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Metapherumeni
                   .
                   
                     
                       And
                       so
                       may
                       he
                       become
                       in
                       some
                       ten
                       days
                       ,
                    
                     
                       More
                       abstinent
                       then
                       ever
                       Zeno
                       was
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   And
                   indeed
                   he
                   surpass'd
                   all
                   others
                   for
                   Goodliness
                   of
                   Form
                   ,
                   and
                   awful
                   Gravity
                   ;
                   nay
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Heav'ns
                   ,
                   in
                   Felicity
                   too
                   :
                   For
                   he
                   liv'd
                   to
                   Fourscore
                   Years
                   of
                   Age
                   ,
                   free
                   from
                   all
                   Distempers
                   ,
                   in
                   perfect
                   Health
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   Persaeus
                   ,
                   Famous
                   in
                   the
                   Schools
                   of
                   Morality
                   ,
                   he
                   dy'd
                   in
                   the
                   Threescore
                   and
                   Twelfth
                   Year
                   of
                   his
                   Age
                   ,
                   being
                   two
                   and
                   Twenty
                   years
                   old
                   when
                   he
                   came
                   first
                   to
                   Athens
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   Zeno
                   ,
                   he
                   had
                   been
                   Master
                   of
                   his
                   School
                   for
                   Eight
                   and
                   Fifty
                   Years
                   together
                   ,
                   as
                   Apollonius
                   testifies
                   .
                   At
                   length
                   ,
                   being
                   arriv'd
                   at
                   that
                   of
                   Age
                   ,
                   as
                   he
                   was
                   going
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   School
                   ,
                   he
                   stumbl'd
                   ,
                   and
                   brake
                   
                   his
                   Finger
                   .
                   At
                   what
                   time
                   ,
                   when
                   his
                   Hand
                   hit
                   upon
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   he
                   recited
                   that
                   Verse
                   out
                   of
                   Niobe
                   .
                   
                     
                       I
                       come
                       ;
                       then
                       to
                       what
                       End
                       this
                       Call
                       ?
                       —
                    
                  
                
                 
                   And
                   so
                   saying
                   ,
                   he
                   strangl'd
                   himself
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   expir'd
                   .
                   Being
                   dead
                   ,
                   the
                   Athenians
                   buried
                   him
                   in
                   the
                   Ceramicum
                   ,
                   and
                   honour'd
                   him
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Decree
                   before-mention'd
                   ,
                   in
                   Testimony
                   of
                   his
                   singular
                   Virtue
                   .
                   Upon
                   whom
                   Antipater
                   the
                   Sidonian
                   ,
                   made
                   the●g
                   ram
                   .
                   
                     
                       Here
                       Cittium's
                       Glory
                       ,
                       Zeno
                       the
                       sublime
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Now
                       lies
                       ;
                       who
                       that
                       he
                       might
                       .
                       Olympus
                       climb
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Ne're
                       Pelion
                       upon
                       Ossa
                       strove
                       to
                       raise
                       ;
                    
                     
                       No
                       fam'd
                       Herculean
                       Deeds
                       advano'd
                       his
                       Praise
                       :
                    
                     
                       For
                       by
                       his
                       Virtue
                       he
                       found
                       a
                       Pathless
                       way
                    
                     
                       To
                       Starry
                       Mansions
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Seats
                       of
                       Day
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   To
                   which
                   ,
                   Zenodorus
                   the
                   Stoic
                   ,
                   and
                   Scholar
                   of
                   Diogenes
                   ,
                   added
                   another
                   .
                   
                     
                       A
                       frugal
                       Life
                       he
                       liv'd
                       ,
                       till
                       Time
                       did
                       snow
                    
                     
                       Majestic
                       Rev'rence
                       on
                       his
                       Aged
                       Brow
                       ;
                    
                     
                     
                       By
                       Dint
                       of
                       VVit
                       he
                       made
                       the
                       Foe
                       give
                       Ground
                       ,
                    
                     
                       VVhile
                       for
                       his
                       VVeapons
                       Masculine
                       VVords
                       he
                       found
                       ,
                    
                     
                       A
                       Sect
                       with
                       matchless
                       Vigor
                       to
                       defend
                       ,
                    
                     
                       That
                       Man
                       's
                       beloved
                       Liberty
                       maintain'd
                       .
                    
                     
                       VVhat
                       though
                       Phoenician
                       born
                       ;
                       from
                       thence
                       what
                       Shame
                       ?
                    
                     
                       VVas
                       't
                       not
                       from
                       thence
                       the
                       Mighty
                       Cadmus
                       came
                       ?
                    
                     
                       VVho
                       first
                       taught
                       Greece
                       those
                       Letters
                       that
                       have
                       since
                    
                     
                       Fill'd
                       all
                       the
                       VVorld
                       with
                       Grecian
                       Eloquence
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Then
                   in
                   Commendation
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Stoics
                   in
                   general
                   ,
                   Athenaeus
                   the
                   Epigrammatist
                   ,
                   thus
                   expresses
                   himself
                   ;
                   
                     
                       Oh
                       happy
                       Mortals
                       ,
                       skill'd
                       in
                       Stoic
                       Lor●
                       ,
                    
                     
                       How
                       does
                       the
                       World
                       your
                       Documents
                       adore
                       !
                    
                     
                       Virtue
                       ,
                       they
                       cry
                       ,
                       't
                       is
                       Virtue
                       ,
                       only
                       She
                       ,
                    
                     
                       That
                       crowns
                       the
                       Soul
                       with
                       true
                       Felicity
                       .
                    
                     
                       She
                       guides
                       Erroneous
                       Man
                       ,
                       and
                       leads
                       him
                       right
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Guards
                       Pop'lous
                       Cities
                       from
                       invading
                       Might
                       ;
                    
                     
                       While
                       others
                       ,
                       by
                       the
                       Charms
                       of
                       Pleasure
                       sway'd
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Are
                       by
                       their
                       Pleasures
                       to
                       Destruction
                       led
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       These
                       were
                       the
                       Monuments
                       of
                       
                       Zeno's
                       Name
                       ,
                    
                     
                       That
                       Stoic
                       Doctrin
                       rear'd
                       to
                       Stoic
                       Fame
                       ;
                    
                     
                       And
                       fair
                       Mnemosyne
                       preserves
                       'em
                       still
                       ,
                    
                     
                       That
                       Men
                       may
                       still
                       be
                       happy
                       ,
                       They
                       that
                       will.
                       
                    
                  
                
                 
                   To
                   which
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   in
                   the
                   last
                   Place
                   ,
                   add
                   this
                   of
                   our
                   own
                   .
                   
                     
                       Many
                       Reports
                       of
                       Zeno's
                       Death
                       has
                       Fame
                    
                     
                       Spred
                       through
                       th'enquiring
                       World
                       :
                       Some
                       say
                       ,
                       the
                       Flame
                    
                     
                       Of
                       Nature
                       dampt
                       ,
                       his
                       wasted
                       ▪
                       Fire
                       went
                       out
                       ;
                    
                     
                       But
                       the
                       Report
                       of
                       being
                       starv'd
                       I
                       doubt
                       .
                    
                     
                       Yet
                       old
                       he
                       was
                       ;
                       nor
                       could
                       his
                       feeble
                       Feet
                    
                     
                       Sustain
                       his
                       feebler
                       Body
                       through
                       the
                       Street
                       :
                    
                     
                       Thus
                       stepping
                       forth
                       his
                       School
                       ,
                       upon
                       his
                       Hand
                    
                     
                       He
                       fell
                       ;
                       which
                       soon
                       the
                       quick
                       Disaster
                       sprain'd
                       .
                    
                     
                       And
                       then
                       ,
                       as
                       if
                       admonish'd
                       by
                       the
                       Fall
                       ,
                    
                     
                       I
                       come
                       ,
                       he
                       cry'd
                       ,
                       what
                       needs
                       my
                       Fate
                       to
                       call
                       ?
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Demetrius
                   the
                   Mignesian
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Equivocals
                   ,
                   reports
                   ,
                   That
                   Mnaseus
                   ,
                   his
                   Father
                   ,
                   as
                   a
                   Merchant
                   ,
                   came
                   frequently
                   to
                   Athens
                   ;
                   where
                   he
                   bought
                   several
                   Socratic
                   
                   Books
                   ,
                   which
                   he
                   carry'd
                   to
                   his
                   Son
                   Zeno
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   he
                   began
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   Kindness
                   for
                   Philosophy
                   in
                   his
                   own
                   Country
                   :
                   For
                   which
                   Reason
                   he
                   went
                   to
                   Athens
                   ,
                   where
                   he
                   met
                   with
                   Crates
                   :
                   He
                   seems
                   also
                   ,
                   saith
                   he
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   limited
                   the
                   Mistakes
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   cavill'd
                   about
                   Negations
                   ;
                   and
                   then
                   he
                   adds
                   ,
                   That
                   his
                   usual
                   Oath
                   was
                   by
                   the
                   Fruit
                   Capers
                   ;
                   as
                   Socrates
                   swore
                   by
                   his
                   Dog.
                   
                
                 
                   Others
                   there
                   are
                   ,
                   and
                   among
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   Cassius
                   the
                   Sceptic
                   ,
                   who
                   blame
                   Zeno
                   for
                   many
                   things
                   .
                
                 
                   First
                   ,
                   For
                   pronouncing
                   the
                   Liberal
                   Sciences
                   unprofitable
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   his
                   Commonwealth
                   .
                
                 
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   For
                   saying
                   ,
                   That
                   he
                   look'd
                   upon
                   all
                   good
                   Men
                   ,
                   Parents
                   of
                   Children
                   ,
                   Brothers
                   of
                   Brothers
                   ,
                   and
                   Kindred
                   to
                   be
                   equally
                   Enemies
                   and
                   Foes
                   ,
                   Servants
                   and
                   Strangers
                   one
                   to
                   another
                   .
                   But
                   then
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Commonwealth
                   ,
                   he
                   cries
                   up
                   only
                   Honest
                   Men
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   true
                   Citizens
                   ,
                   Friends
                   ,
                   Kindred
                   ,
                   and
                   Free-men
                   .
                   So
                   that
                   Parents
                   and
                   Children
                   among
                   the
                   Stoicks
                   ,
                   are
                   accounted
                   as
                   Enemies
                   ;
                   meaning
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   not
                   wise
                   and
                   virtuous
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   next
                   place
                   ,
                   he
                   holds
                   Community
                   of
                   Women
                   in
                   his
                   Commonwealth
                   ;
                   forbids
                   the
                   erecting
                   of
                   any
                   Temples
                   ,
                   Courts
                   of
                   Justice
                   ,
                   or
                   Public
                   Places
                   of
                   Exercise
                   
                   in
                   any
                   of
                   his
                   Cities
                   ;
                   and
                   will
                   not
                   allow
                   the
                   Use
                   of
                   Money
                   ,
                   either
                   for
                   Trade
                   ,
                   or
                   Expences
                   of
                   Travel
                   .
                
                 
                   Then
                   he
                   ordains
                   ,
                   That
                   Men
                   and
                   Women
                   should
                   go
                   all
                   clad
                   alike
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   no
                   Part
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   should
                   be
                   seen
                   naked
                   .
                   All
                   which
                   were
                   the
                   chief
                   Ordinances
                   of
                   his
                   Republick
                   ;
                   as
                   Chrysippus
                   testifies
                   .
                   Of
                   Love-Matters
                   ,
                   he
                   writes
                   at
                   the
                   Beginning
                   of
                   his
                   Book
                   ,
                   Entituled
                   ,
                   The
                   
                     Art
                     of
                     Love.
                  
                   Upon
                   which
                   Subject
                   ,
                   he
                   has
                   also
                   wrote
                   in
                   his
                   Diatribae
                   .
                   And
                   some
                   things
                   of
                   this
                   Nature
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   found
                   in
                   Cassius
                   and
                   ●sidore
                   the
                   Rhetorician
                   of
                   Pergamum
                   ;
                   who
                   says
                   ,
                   That
                   there
                   were
                   several
                   Opinions
                   and
                   Sayings
                   of
                   the
                   Stoics
                   look'd
                   upon
                   as
                   Erroneous
                   ,
                   expung'd
                   and
                   raz'd
                   out
                   by
                   Athenodorus
                   the
                   Stoic
                   ,
                   who
                   was
                   Keeper
                   of
                   the
                   Library
                   at
                   Pergamum
                   ,
                   which
                   were
                   afterwards
                   re-inserted
                   ;
                   
                     Athenodorus
                     ▪
                  
                   being
                   discover'd
                   ,
                   and
                   narrowly
                   escaping
                   severe
                   Punishment
                   .
                
                 
                   Besides
                   our
                   Philosopher
                   ,
                   there
                   were
                   Four
                   more
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Name
                   .
                   The
                   first
                   ,
                   of
                   Elea
                   ;
                   the
                   second
                   ,
                   a
                   Rhodian
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Geographer
                   ;
                   the
                   next
                   ,
                   an
                   Historian
                   ,
                   who
                   wrote
                   the
                   Acts
                   of
                   Pyrrhus
                   ,
                   in
                   Italy
                   and
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   with
                   an
                   Epitome
                   of
                   the
                   Roman
                   and
                   Carthaginian
                   History
                   .
                   The
                   next
                   ,
                   a
                   Scholar
                   of
                   Chrysippus
                   ,
                   who
                   wrote
                   little
                   ;
                   but
                   left
                   several
                   Scholars
                   behind
                   him
                   .
                   The
                   
                   fifth
                   ,
                   a
                   Physitian
                   of
                   Herophilis
                   ,
                   a
                   Person
                   of
                   a
                   solid
                   Judgment
                   ,
                   but
                   no
                   great
                   Writer
                   ;
                   the
                   sixth
                   ,
                   a
                   Grammarian
                   ;
                   whose
                   Epigrams
                   are
                   commonly
                   sold
                   ;
                   the
                   seventh
                   ,
                   a
                   Sydonian
                   ,
                   and
                   an
                   Epicurean
                   Philosopher
                   ,
                   Famous
                   both
                   for
                   Sence
                   and
                   Elocution
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   
                   Zeno's
                   Disciples
                   ,
                   they
                   were
                   many
                   in
                   Number
                   .
                   Among
                   the
                   more
                   Noble
                   Sort
                   ,
                   was
                   Persaeus
                   ,
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Demetrius
                   ,
                   a
                   Cittian
                   .
                   This
                   Person
                   ,
                   some
                   affirm
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   one
                   of
                   his
                   familiar
                   and
                   intimate
                   Friends
                   ;
                   others
                   ,
                   That
                   he
                   was
                   his
                   Servant
                   ,
                   and
                   sent
                   by
                   Antigonus
                   ,
                   to
                   copy
                   out
                   his
                   Writings
                   ;
                   and
                   to
                   whose
                   Son
                   Alcyoneus
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   also
                   Tutor
                   .
                   Of
                   whom
                   ,
                   when
                   Antigonus
                   had
                   once
                   a
                   mind
                   to
                   make
                   Trial
                   ,
                   he
                   sent
                   a
                   Messenger
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   with
                   false
                   ,
                   but
                   sad
                   Tidings
                   ;
                   That
                   his
                   Farms
                   were
                   all
                   sack'd
                   and
                   plunder'd
                   by
                   the
                   Enemy
                   :
                   At
                   which
                   ,
                   when
                   Persaeus
                   seem'd
                   to
                   be
                   somewhat
                   disturb'd
                   ,
                   and
                   continu'd
                   in
                   a
                   Melancholy
                   Humor
                   ;
                   
                     Thou
                     seest
                  
                   ,
                   said
                   he
                   ,
                   
                     now
                     ,
                     that
                     Wealth
                     is
                     no
                     indifferent
                     Thing
                     .
                  
                   He
                   wrote
                   several
                   Treatises
                   ,
                   of
                   
                     Regal
                     Government
                  
                   ;
                   The
                   Commonwealth
                   of
                   Lacedaemon
                   ;
                   Of
                   
                     Impiety
                     ;
                     Thyestes
                  
                   ;
                   Of
                   Marriage
                   ;
                   Of
                   
                     wanton
                     Love
                     ;
                     Exhortations
                     ;
                     Disputations
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Oracles
                   ,
                   four
                   Books
                   ;
                   Commentaries
                   upon
                   
                   Plato's
                   Works
                   ,
                   in
                   seven
                   Volumes
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Aristo
                   ,
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Miltiades
                   ,
                   a
                   Chiote
                   ;
                   who
                   wrote
                   of
                   Indifferency
                   .
                
                 
                   Herillus
                   ,
                   the
                   Chalcedonian
                   ,
                   who
                   asserted
                   Knowledge
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   End.
                   
                
                 
                   Dionysius
                   of
                   Heraclea
                   ,
                   who
                   asserted
                   Pleasure
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   End
                   ;
                   for
                   being
                   extreamly
                   troubl'd
                   with
                   sore
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   he
                   could
                   not
                   be
                   brought
                   to
                   think
                   Pain
                   indifferent
                   .
                
                 
                   Sphaerus
                   ,
                   of
                   
                     Bosphorus
                     ;
                     Cleanthes
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Phanius
                   ,
                   an
                   Asiatic
                   ,
                   who
                   succeeded
                   Zeno
                   in
                   his
                   School
                   .
                   Which
                   Person
                   Zeno
                   was
                   wont
                   to
                   compare
                   to
                   hardn'd
                   Steel
                   ,
                   that
                   was
                   difficult
                   to
                   be
                   engrav'd
                   ;
                   but
                   wherein
                   the
                   Impression
                   once
                   being
                   made
                   ,
                   lasted
                   a
                   long
                   time
                   before
                   it
                   was
                   worn
                   out
                   .
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   after
                   the
                   Death
                   of
                   
                     Zeno
                     ,
                     Sphaerus
                  
                   became
                   his
                   Disciple
                   likewise
                   .
                
                 
                   Next
                   to
                   these
                   ,
                   the
                   most
                   Noted
                   Disciples
                   of
                   Zeno
                   ,
                   were
                   Athenodorus
                   ,
                   of
                   
                     Soli
                     ;
                     Philonides
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   
                     Thebes
                     ;
                     Calippus
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   
                     Corinth
                     ;
                     Posidonius
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   Alexandria
                   ;
                   and
                   Zeno
                   ,
                   the
                   Sidonian
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   his
                   Opinions
                   ,
                   they
                   were
                   these
                   ;
                   and
                   not
                   only
                   his
                   ,
                   but
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Stoics
                   in
                   general
                   ;
                   which
                   we
                   shall
                   set
                   down
                   under
                   several
                   Heads
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   has
                   been
                   our
                   Custom
                   hitherto
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   divided
                   Philosophy
                   into
                   Three
                   Parts
                   ;
                   
                     Natural
                     ,
                     Ethical
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Logical
                   .
                   Which
                   Division
                   was
                   first
                   made
                   Use
                   of
                   by
                   
                   Zeno
                   the
                   Cittian
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Book
                   of
                   Reason
                   ;
                   and
                   Chrysippus
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   First
                   Book
                   of
                   Physics
                   ;
                   and
                   by
                   
                     Diodorus
                     Ephillus
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   First
                   Book
                   of
                   
                     Introductions
                     to
                     Opinions
                     ;
                     Eudromus
                  
                   in
                   his
                   
                     Moral
                     Institutes
                     ;
                     Diogenes
                  
                   the
                   Babylonian
                   ,
                   and
                   Posidonius
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   these
                   divided
                   Parts
                   ,
                   Apollodorus
                   calls
                   
                     Places
                     ;
                     Chrysippus
                  
                   and
                   
                     Eudemus
                     ,
                     Species's
                  
                   ;
                   others
                   ,
                   Genus's
                   :
                   For
                   they
                   affirm
                   Philosophy
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Creature
                   ;
                   comparing
                   Logic
                   to
                   the
                   Bones
                   and
                   Nerves
                   ,
                   Ethics
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Flesh
                   ;
                   and
                   Physics
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Soul
                   :
                   And
                   then
                   again
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   like
                   an
                   Egg
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   they
                   resemble
                   Logic
                   to
                   the
                   Shell
                   ;
                   Ethics
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   White
                   ;
                   and
                   Physics
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   innermost
                   Yolk
                   .
                   Others
                   there
                   are
                   ,
                   who
                   will
                   have
                   Philosophy
                   to
                   be
                   like
                   a
                   fruitful
                   Field
                   ;
                   Logic
                   representing
                   the
                   Hedge
                   ;
                   Ethics
                   ,
                   the
                   Fruit
                   ;
                   and
                   Physic
                   ,
                   the
                   Soyl
                   and
                   Trees
                   .
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   others
                   among
                   .
                   'em
                   ,
                   compare
                   it
                   to
                   a
                   Beautiful
                   City
                   ,
                   surrounded
                   with
                   stately
                   Walls
                   ,
                   and
                   under
                   an
                   excellent
                   Form
                   of
                   Government
                   ;
                   not
                   admitting
                   any
                   Part
                   to
                   be
                   preferr'd
                   before
                   the
                   other
                   ;
                   but
                   affirming
                   all
                   Parts
                   to
                   be
                   equally
                   mixt
                   .
                   Some
                   there
                   are
                   who
                   place
                   Logic
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   ;
                   next
                   Physics
                   ;
                   and
                   Ethics
                   ,
                   last
                   of
                   all
                   .
                   Thus
                   did
                   
                     Zeno
                     ,
                     Chrysippus
                     ,
                     Archidemus
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Eudemus
                   .
                   For
                   
                     P●olomean
                     Diogenes
                  
                   begins
                   with
                   
                     Ethics
                     .
                     Apollodorus
                  
                   ranks
                   'em
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   Place
                   :
                   
                   But
                   Panaetius
                   ,
                   and
                   Posidonius
                   ,
                   begin
                   with
                   Physics
                   ;
                   as
                   did
                   also
                   Phanius
                   ,
                   the
                   Kinsman
                   of
                   Posidonius
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Schools
                   .
                
                 
                   Cleanthes
                   divides
                   Philosophy
                   into
                   Six
                   Parts
                   ;
                   
                     Logical
                     ,
                     Rhetorical
                     ,
                     Ethical
                     ,
                     Political
                     ,
                     Physical
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Theological
                   .
                   Others
                   divide
                   Logical
                   into
                   Two
                   Parts
                   ;
                   Rhetorical
                   and
                   Logical
                   .
                   Others
                   add
                   the
                   Defining
                   Part
                   ,
                   relating
                   to
                   Canons
                   and
                   Judgments
                   .
                   Which
                   they
                   make
                   Use
                   of
                   ,
                   either
                   to
                   find
                   out
                   the
                   Truth
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   they
                   correct
                   the
                   Varieties
                   of
                   Fancy
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   Knowledge
                   of
                   the
                   Truth
                   :
                   for
                   that
                   things
                   were
                   understood
                   by
                   the
                   most
                   common
                   Notions
                   .
                
                 
                   Rhetoric
                   they
                   affirm
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   well
                   Speaking
                   and
                   Discoursing
                   of
                   those
                   things
                   which
                   are
                   proper
                   for
                   Explanation
                   .
                   Logic
                   ,
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   well
                   Disputing
                   of
                   those
                   things
                   that
                   are
                   discours'd
                   of
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   Question
                   and
                   Answer
                   :
                   and
                   therefore
                   they
                   define
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   True
                   and
                   False
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   Neither
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   then
                   for
                   Rhetoric
                   ,
                   they
                   asserted
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   Threefold
                   ;
                   
                     Deliberative
                     ,
                     Judicial
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Demonstrative
                   .
                   And
                   then
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   consisted
                   of
                   Three
                   Parts
                   ;
                   
                     Invention
                     ,
                     Elocution
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Disposition
                   .
                   Next
                   ,
                   they
                   divided
                   
                     Rhetorical
                     Oration
                  
                   into
                   
                     Exordium
                     ,
                     Relation
                     ,
                     Confutation
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Epilogue
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Logic
                   ,
                   they
                   divided
                   into
                   the
                   Places
                   of
                   Things
                   signify'd
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   Voice
                   :
                   The
                   Place
                   of
                   Things
                   signify'd
                   ,
                   they
                   subdivide
                   into
                   the
                   Places
                   of
                   Things
                   conceiv'd
                   in
                   the
                   Fancy
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   Axioms
                   ,
                   perfect
                   Determinations
                   ,
                   Predicaments
                   ,
                   Things
                   alike
                   ,
                   whether
                   streight
                   or
                   supine
                   ,
                   Genus's
                   and
                   Species's
                   ,
                   consisting
                   of
                   Things
                   fancy'd
                   ;
                   as
                   also
                   of
                   Arguments
                   ,
                   Tropes
                   ,
                   and
                   Sillogisms
                   ,
                   unnatural
                   Sophisms
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   sometimes
                   False
                   ,
                   or
                   True
                   ,
                   or
                   Negative
                   ,
                   Sorites
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   Defective
                   ,
                   Ambiguous
                   ,
                   Conclusive
                   ,
                   Obscure
                   ,
                   Horn'd
                   Sillogisms
                   ,
                   Captious
                   Argumentations
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   other
                   ,
                   call'd
                   Therizontes
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Reapers
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   that
                   the
                   proper
                   Place
                   of
                   Logic
                   ,
                   already
                   mention'd
                   ,
                   related
                   to
                   the
                   Voice
                   ,
                   which
                   shew'd
                   the
                   Sound
                   of
                   the
                   Letter
                   ;
                   what
                   the
                   Parts
                   of
                   Speech
                   ;
                   and
                   discover'd
                   Soloecisms
                   and
                   Barbarisms
                   ,
                   discours'd
                   of
                   Poems
                   ,
                   Ambiguities
                   ,
                   of
                   Harmonious
                   Sounds
                   ,
                   of
                   Music
                   ,
                   of
                   Terms
                   ,
                   Periods
                   ,
                   Divisions
                   ,
                   and
                   Sentences
                   .
                   Of
                   all
                   which
                   ,
                   they
                   accounted
                   the
                   Theory
                   of
                   Sillogisms
                   the
                   most
                   useful
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   it
                   explains
                   the
                   Demonstrative
                   Part
                   ,
                   and
                   conduces
                   much
                   to
                   the
                   Reformation
                   of
                   Opinions
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Assumption
                   shews
                   both
                   Method
                   and
                   Memory
                   :
                   Besides
                   that
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   readiest
                   way
                   to
                   collect
                   and
                   infer
                   :
                   For
                   a
                   Sillogism
                   is
                   an
                   Argument
                   
                   collective
                   from
                   all
                   things
                   .
                   Demonstration
                   explains
                   what
                   is
                   the
                   least
                   apprehended
                   ,
                   by
                   what
                   is
                   best
                   understood
                   .
                   Fancy
                   is
                   the
                   forming
                   of
                   Things
                   in
                   the
                   Mind
                   .
                   Of
                   which
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   easily
                   apprehends
                   ;
                   the
                   other
                   with
                   more
                   difficulty
                   ,
                   or
                   not
                   at
                   all
                   .
                   That
                   which
                   easily
                   apprehends
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   they
                   call
                   the
                   Discernment
                   of
                   Things
                   ,
                   proceeding
                   from
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   ,
                   according
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   ,
                   and
                   deeply
                   Character'd
                   and
                   imprinted
                   in
                   the
                   Mind
                   .
                   Where
                   the
                   Fancy
                   cannot
                   apprehend
                   ,
                   it
                   happens
                   ,
                   that
                   either
                   the
                   Thing
                   is
                   not
                   ,
                   or
                   not
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   ;
                   according
                   to
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   call'd
                   Measure
                   and
                   Form
                   ;
                   or
                   not
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   conceiv'd
                   in
                   the
                   Soul
                   and
                   Fancy
                   .
                   Therefore
                   of
                   necessity
                   Logic
                   must
                   be
                   a
                   Virtue
                   comprehending
                   many
                   other
                   Virtues
                   :
                   As
                   ,
                   Aproptosian
                   ;
                   by
                   which
                   we
                   understand
                   what
                   to
                   consent
                   to
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   to
                   decline
                   :
                   Aneicaioteta
                   ,
                   a
                   strong
                   Perswasion
                   of
                   the
                   Impertinency
                   of
                   the
                   Thing
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   not
                   to
                   submit
                   our
                   Reason
                   to
                   it
                   :
                   Anelexian
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   such
                   a
                   Force
                   of
                   Perswasion
                   of
                   the
                   Truth
                   of
                   a
                   Thing
                   ,
                   as
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   diswaded
                   from
                   it
                   :
                   and
                   Amataioteta
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   Resolution
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   perswaded
                   from
                   one
                   Thing
                   to
                   the
                   contrary
                   :
                   For
                   they
                   hold
                   Knowledge
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   certain
                   and
                   sure
                   Apprehension
                   ,
                   or
                   Habit
                   in
                   the
                   Reception
                   of
                   Idea's
                   immutable
                   by
                   Argument
                   .
                   And
                   indeed
                   ,
                   
                   a
                   wise
                   man
                   may
                   be
                   apt
                   to
                   stumble
                   in
                   his
                   Reason
                   without
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   Logic
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   he
                   is
                   not
                   able
                   to
                   distinguish
                   Truth
                   from
                   Falshood
                   ,
                   but
                   by
                   her
                   Assistance
                   ;
                   nor
                   to
                   discern
                   between
                   Probable
                   and
                   Ambiguous
                   ;
                   nor
                   is
                   there
                   any
                   putting
                   or
                   answering
                   a
                   Question
                   without
                   it
                   .
                   It
                   extends
                   it self
                   also
                   to
                   Inconsiderateness
                   in
                   Negation
                   ;
                   as
                   likewise
                   to
                   things
                   that
                   are
                   existent
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   it
                   causes
                   those
                   whose
                   Fancies
                   are
                   not
                   well
                   exercis'd
                   ,
                   to
                   deviate
                   into
                   Folly
                   and
                   Irregularity
                   .
                   Nor
                   is
                   it
                   otherwise
                   that
                   a
                   wise
                   Man
                   shews
                   his
                   Acuteness
                   ,
                   his
                   Perspicacity
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Shrewdness
                   in
                   Reasoning
                   :
                   For
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   rightly
                   to
                   discourse
                   and
                   argue
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   answer
                   properly
                   to
                   a
                   Question
                   ;
                   which
                   are
                   every
                   one
                   requisite
                   for
                   a
                   Person
                   skill'd
                   in
                   Logic.
                   
                
                 
                   These
                   were
                   their
                   Opinions
                   in
                   general
                   ;
                   and
                   now
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   not
                   omit
                   Particulars
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Sentiments
                   touching
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   Institution
                   ,
                   which
                   Diocles
                   the
                   Magnesian
                   has
                   set
                   down
                   word
                   for
                   word
                   in
                   his
                   Excursions
                   of
                   the
                   Philosophers
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   recite
                   his
                   Words
                   .
                   The
                   Stoics
                   (
                   says
                   he
                   )
                   
                     are
                     pleas'd
                     to
                     give
                     the
                     first
                     place
                     to
                     their
                     Discourse
                     concerning
                  
                   Fancy
                   and
                   Sence
                   ,
                   
                     as
                     being
                     that
                     by
                     which
                     we
                     discern
                     and
                     judge
                     how
                     Truth
                     may
                     be
                     known
                     .
                  
                
                 
                 
                   Fancy
                   
                     therefore
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     is
                     thus
                     read
                     generally
                     ,
                     the
                     Consideration
                     of
                     Consent
                     ,
                     of
                     Apprehension
                     and
                     Vnderstanding
                     ,
                     cannot
                     subsist
                     without
                     Fancy
                     ,
                     in
                     regard
                     it
                     precedes
                     all
                     other
                     things
                     ;
                     and
                     the
                     Mind
                     ,
                     whose
                     Duty
                     it
                     is
                     to
                     pronounce
                     ,
                     utters
                     forth
                     in
                     Words
                     what
                     it
                     suffers
                     from
                     the
                  
                   Fancy
                   .
                   However
                   ,
                   Fancy
                   and
                   Fantasm
                   
                     differ
                     ;
                     for
                  
                   Fantasm
                   
                     is
                     the
                     Opinion
                     of
                     the
                     Mind
                     ;
                     as
                     it
                     happens
                     when
                     we
                     dream
                     .
                     But
                     Fancy
                     is
                     the
                     Impression
                     of
                     a
                     certain
                     Form
                     in
                     the
                     Mind
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     a
                     Mutation
                     ,
                     as
                  
                   Chrysippus
                   
                     calls
                     it
                     in
                     his
                  
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Soul.
                   
                     Nevertheless
                     the
                     Form
                     is
                     not
                     imprinted
                     like
                     the
                     Impression
                     of
                     a
                     Seal
                     :
                     For
                     it
                     is
                     impossible
                     that
                     several
                     Figures
                     should
                     be
                     stamp'd
                     upon
                     one
                     and
                     the
                     same
                     Superficies
                     :
                     For
                     the
                  
                   Fancy
                   
                     receives
                     its
                     Notion
                     from
                     that
                     which
                     exists
                     according
                     as
                     it
                     is
                     ,
                     as
                     being
                     imprinted
                     and
                     stamp'd
                     upon
                     it
                     ;
                     not
                     from
                     that
                     which
                     has
                     no
                     Existence
                     ,
                     which
                     cannot
                     be
                     done
                     .
                     Now
                     of
                  
                   Fancies
                   ,
                   
                     as
                     they
                     say
                     ,
                     some
                     are
                     sensible
                     ,
                     others
                     not
                     sensible
                     ,
                     if
                     they
                     be
                     apprehended
                     by
                     the
                     Sence
                     or
                     Sences
                     .
                  
                   Insensible
                   ;
                   
                     such
                     Things
                     as
                     are
                     comprehended
                     in
                     the
                     Mind
                     ,
                     as
                     incorporeal
                     Things
                     ,
                     and
                     such
                     as
                     are
                     apprehended
                     by
                     Reason
                     .
                     Moreover
                     ,
                     Sensible
                  
                   Fancies
                   
                     operate
                     upon
                     Things
                     existent
                     ,
                     by
                     Approbation
                     and
                     Consent
                     :
                     Moreover
                     ,
                     there
                     are
                     the
                     Evidences
                     of
                  
                   Fancies
                   ,
                   
                     if
                     they
                     work
                     upon
                     Things
                     existent
                     .
                     Again
                     ,
                  
                   Fancies
                   
                     are
                     some
                  
                   Rational
                   ,
                   others
                   Irrational
                   .
                   
                   Rational
                   ,
                   
                     those
                     of
                     Rational
                     Creatures
                  
                   .
                   Irrational
                   ,
                   
                     those
                     of
                     Creatures
                     destitute
                     of
                     Reason
                     .
                     If
                  
                   Rational
                   ,
                   
                     they
                     are
                     said
                     to
                     be
                     Thoughts
                     and
                     Cogitations
                     .
                     But
                     for
                  
                   Irrational
                   ,
                   
                     no
                     Name
                     has
                     yet
                     been
                     found
                     .
                     Some
                  
                   Fancies
                   are
                   Artificial
                   ,
                   
                     others
                     not
                     .
                     For
                     an
                     Artist
                     fancies
                     a
                     Statue
                     one
                     way
                     ,
                     an
                     Ignorant
                     Person
                     another
                     way
                     .
                  
                   Sense
                   ,
                   
                     according
                     ●●
                     the
                  
                   Stoics
                   ,
                   
                     is
                     a
                  
                   Spirit
                   
                     proceeding
                     from
                     the
                  
                   *
                   Principality
                   of
                   the
                   Mind
                   ,
                   
                     and
                     insin●ating
                     it self
                     into
                     the
                     Sences
                     ;
                     and
                     it
                     is
                     call'd
                  
                   The
                   Apprehension
                   ,
                   
                     by
                     their
                     means
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                  
                   Architecture
                   
                     of
                     the
                     Sences
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     reason
                     that
                     some
                     are
                     bad
                     ;
                     and
                     the
                  
                   Operation
                   or
                   Energy
                   
                     of
                     the
                     Sences
                     .
                     But
                  
                   Apprehension
                   ,
                   
                     say
                     they
                     ,
                     proceeds
                     from
                     the
                     Sence
                     of
                     Black
                     or
                     White
                     ,
                     Rough
                     or
                     Smooth
                     :
                     But
                     those
                     things
                     which
                     are
                     collected
                     by
                     Demonstration
                     ,
                     proceed
                     from
                     Reason
                     ;
                     as
                     that
                     there
                     are
                     Gods
                     ,
                     and
                     that
                     they
                     take
                     care
                     of
                     Humane
                     Affairs
                     :
                     For
                     ,
                     of
                     things
                     that
                     are
                     understood
                     ,
                     some
                     things
                     are
                     understood
                     by
                     Accident
                     ,
                     some
                     by
                     Similitude
                     ,
                     others
                     by
                     Proportion
                     ;
                     some
                     by
                     Transmutation
                     ,
                     others
                     by
                     Composition
                     ;
                     and
                     others
                     by
                     Contrariety
                     .
                     By
                     Accident
                     ,
                     sensible
                     things
                     are
                     apprehended
                     ;
                     by
                     Similitude
                     ,
                     as
                  
                   Socrates
                   
                     by
                     his
                     Picture
                     ;
                     by
                     Proportion
                     ,
                     as
                  
                   Tityus
                   
                     and
                     the
                  
                   Cyclops
                   ,
                   
                     by
                     their
                     Bulk
                     ;
                     or
                     a
                  
                   Pigmy
                   ,
                   
                     by
                     his
                     Smalness
                     .
                     And
                     the
                     Center
                     of
                     the
                     Earth
                     is
                     distinguish'd
                     by
                     Proportion
                     ,
                     from
                     the
                     Center
                     of
                     the
                     lesser
                     
                     Orbs.
                     By
                     change
                     of
                     Situation
                     ;
                     as
                     ,
                     Eyes
                     in
                     the
                     Breast
                     .
                     By
                     Composition
                     ,
                     we
                     understand
                     a
                  
                   Hippo-Centaur
                   ;
                   
                     and
                     by
                     Contrariety
                     ,
                     Life
                     from
                     Death
                     .
                     Naturally
                     ,
                     we
                     understand
                     Justice
                     and
                     Goodness
                     ;
                     and
                     by
                     Privation
                     ,
                     Lameness
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   These
                   are
                   the
                   Sentiments
                   of
                   the
                   Stoics
                   ,
                   concerning
                   
                     Fancy
                     ,
                     Sence
                  
                   and
                   Intelligence
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   hold
                   the
                   Apprehensive
                   Faney
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Judge
                   of
                   Truth
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   of
                   Truth
                   that
                   proceeds
                   from
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   existent
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Opinions
                   of
                   Chrysippus
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   
                     Twelfth
                     Book
                  
                   of
                   
                     Physics
                     ,
                     Antipater
                  
                   and
                   Apollodorus
                   .
                   For
                   Boethus
                   numbers
                   up
                   several
                   other
                   Judges
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   the
                   Mind
                   ,
                   the
                   Sence
                   ,
                   the
                   Appetite
                   ,
                   and
                   Knowledge
                   :
                   But
                   Chrysippus
                   dissenting
                   from
                   him
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   
                     First
                     Book
                  
                   of
                   Reason
                   ,
                   makes
                   Sence
                   and
                   Anticipation
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Judges
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   affirming
                   Anticipation
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Knowledge
                   by
                   Nature
                   of
                   Vniversals
                   :
                   Though
                   some
                   others
                   of
                   the
                   more
                   ancient
                   Stoics
                   allot
                   that
                   Excellency
                   to
                   right
                   Reason
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   
                     Spaculative
                     Logic
                     ▪
                  
                   most
                   do
                   hold
                   ,
                   That
                   it
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   referr'd
                   to
                   the
                   Place
                   of
                   the
                   Voice
                   .
                   Now
                   the
                   Voice
                   is
                   the
                   Percussion
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   properly
                   subjected
                   to
                   the
                   Sense
                   of
                   Hearing
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   Diogenes
                   the
                   Babylonian
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Voice
                   .
                   The
                   Voice
                   of
                   a
                   Beast
                   is
                   a
                   violent
                   Verberation
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   
                   Voice
                   of
                   Man
                   is
                   articulate
                   ,
                   and
                   proceeds
                   from
                   the
                   Mind
                   ,
                   as
                   Diogenes
                   asserts
                   ;
                   and
                   comes
                   to
                   perfection
                   at
                   Thirteen
                   Years
                   of
                   Age
                   ;
                   as
                   Archedemus
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   
                     Ninth
                     Book
                  
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Voice
                     ,
                     Diogenes
                     ,
                     Antipater
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Chrysippus
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   
                     Third
                     Book
                  
                   of
                   
                     Natural
                     Things
                  
                   ,
                   affirm
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   whatever
                   acts
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Body
                   :
                   But
                   the
                   Voice
                   acts
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Voice
                   of
                   the
                   Speaker
                   strikes
                   the
                   Ear
                   of
                   the
                   Hearer
                   .
                   A
                   Word
                   is
                   a
                   Voice
                   consisting
                   of
                   Letters
                   ;
                   as
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   Day
                   .
                   Speech
                   is
                   a
                   significant
                   Voice
                   ,
                   proceeding
                   from
                   the
                   Understanding
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     It
                     is
                     Day
                  
                   .
                   A
                   Dialect
                   is
                   the
                   various
                   Pronunciation
                   of
                   a
                   different
                   Province
                   in
                   the
                   Greek
                   Language
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Attic
                   Dialect
                   ,
                   Thalatta
                   ;
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Ionic
                     ,
                     Hemere
                  
                   .
                   The
                   Elements
                   of
                   Words
                   are
                   the
                   Four
                   and
                   Twenty
                   Letters
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   Letter
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   included
                   ,
                   the
                   Element
                   ,
                   the
                   Character
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Name
                   ;
                   as
                   in
                   α
                   ,
                   Alpha.
                   Of
                   the
                   Elements
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   seven
                   Vocal
                   ,
                   or
                   Vowels
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   α
                   ,
                   ε
                   ,
                   η
                   ,
                   ι
                   ,
                   ο
                   ,
                   υ
                   ,
                   ω.
                   
                     Alpha
                     ,
                     Epsilon
                     ,
                     Eta
                     ,
                     Iota
                     ,
                     O-micron
                     ,
                     Vpsilon
                     ,
                     O-mega
                  
                   ;
                   and
                   six
                   Mutes
                   ;
                   β
                   ,
                   γ
                   ,
                   δ
                   ,
                   κ
                   ,
                   π
                   ,
                   τ.
                   
                     Beta
                     ,
                     Gamma
                     ,
                     Delta
                     ,
                     Kappa
                     ,
                     Pi
                     ,
                     Tau
                     .
                  
                   Now
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   Difference
                   between
                   Voice
                   ,
                   and
                   Word
                   :
                   For
                   Voice
                   is
                   no
                   more
                   then
                   a
                   Sound
                   ;
                   but
                   a
                   Word
                   is
                   articulate
                   .
                   Then
                   a
                   Word
                   differs
                   from
                   a
                   Sentence
                   ;
                   for
                   a
                   Sentence
                   is
                   always
                   significant
                   ;
                   a
                   Word
                   frequently
                   
                   without
                   any
                   Signification
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   *
                   Blitri
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Speech
                   also
                   and
                   Pronunciation
                   differ
                   ;
                   for
                   Sounds
                   are
                   pronounc'd
                   ,
                   but
                   things
                   are
                   pronounc'd
                   ;
                   which
                   also
                   may
                   be
                   read
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   Speech
                   there
                   are
                   five
                   Parts
                   ,
                   as
                   Diogenes
                   and
                   Chrysippus
                   assert
                   ;
                   
                     Name
                     ,
                     Appellation
                     ,
                     Word
                     ,
                     Conjunction
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Article
                   ;
                   to
                   which
                   Antipater
                   adds
                   the
                   Medium
                   .
                
                 
                   Appellation
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   Diogenes
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   Part
                   of
                   Speech
                   ,
                   which
                   shews
                   the
                   common
                   Quality
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   a
                   Man
                   ,
                   a
                   Horse
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Name
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   Part
                   of
                   Speech
                   ,
                   which
                   denotes
                   the
                   proper
                   Quality
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     Diogenes
                     ,
                     Socrates
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Word
                   demonstrates
                   the
                   separate
                   Predicate
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   Diogenes
                   .
                   Or
                   ,
                   as
                   others
                   say
                   ,
                   a
                   Principle
                   of
                   Speech
                   without
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   signifying
                   the
                   Act
                   of
                   any
                   Person
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     I
                     write
                     ,
                     I
                     speak
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Conjunction
                   is
                   a
                   Part
                   of
                   Speech
                   without
                   a
                   Case
                   ,
                   binding
                   together
                   the
                   Parts
                   of
                   Sentences
                   .
                
                 
                   An
                   Article
                   is
                   a
                   Part
                   of
                   Speech
                   declin'd
                   ;
                   distinguishing
                   the
                   Genus's
                   of
                   Names
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     He
                     ,
                     of
                     This
                     ,
                     of
                     That
                     ,
                     They
                     ,
                     These
                     ,
                     Those
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   The
                   Excellencies
                   of
                   Speech
                   are
                   Five
                   ;
                   *
                   
                     Graeoism
                     ,
                     Perspicuity
                     ,
                     Conciseness
                     ,
                     Decorum
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Composure
                   .
                
                 
                   Graecism
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   true
                   Pronunciation
                   according
                   to
                   Art
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   according
                   to
                   vulgar
                   Custom
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Perspicuity
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   manner
                   of
                   Utterance
                   ,
                   familiarly
                   expressing
                   the
                   Meaning
                   of
                   the
                   Person
                   .
                
                 
                   Conciseness
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Speech
                   comprehending
                   only
                   what
                   is
                   necessary
                   for
                   the
                   Explanation
                   of
                   the
                   Matter
                   .
                
                 
                   Decorum
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   Choice
                   of
                   Words
                   proper
                   for
                   the
                   Subject
                   .
                
                 
                   Composure
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   avoiding
                   of
                   Improprieties
                   .
                
                 
                   Barbarism
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   Use
                   of
                   Words
                   ,
                   contrary
                   to
                   the
                   Custom
                   of
                   the
                   flourishing
                   Greek
                   .
                
                 
                   Soloecism
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Speech
                   incongruously
                   utter'd
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Poem
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Speech
                   consisting
                   of
                   Number
                   and
                   Measure
                   ,
                   more
                   lofty
                   then
                   Prose
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     vast
                     Earth
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Air
                     sublime
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Poetry
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   significant
                   Poem
                   ,
                   comprehending
                   the
                   Imitation
                   of
                   Things
                   ,
                   both
                   Humane
                   and
                   Divine
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Definition
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Speech
                   aptly
                   expressed
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   Explication
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   Antipater
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Book
                   of
                   Definitions
                   ;
                   by
                   Chrysippus
                   call'd
                   Apodosis
                   .
                
                 
                   Description
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Speech
                   introducing
                   Matter
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   I
                   igurative
                   Demonstration
                   :
                   or
                   ,
                   a
                   Definition
                   ,
                   more
                   barely
                   expressing
                   the
                   force
                   of
                   the
                   Definition
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Genus
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   Conception
                   of
                   several
                   inseparable
                   Thoughts
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   say
                   ,
                   a
                   
                   
                     Living
                     Creature
                  
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   this
                   comprehends
                   all
                   Creatures
                   in
                   particular
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Thought
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   Fantasm
                   of
                   the
                   Mind
                   ,
                   neither
                   any
                   Entity
                   ,
                   or
                   Quality
                   ;
                   but
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   an
                   Entity
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   a
                   Quality
                   ;
                   as
                   when
                   a
                   Man
                   thinks
                   of
                   a
                   Horse
                   that
                   is
                   not
                   present
                   .
                
                 
                   Species
                   is
                   comprehended
                   in
                   the
                   Genus
                   ,
                   as
                   Man
                   is
                   comprehended
                   under
                   Creature
                   .
                   And
                   the
                   most
                   general
                   Genus
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   being
                   a
                   Genus
                   of
                   it self
                   ,
                   has
                   no
                   other
                   Genus
                   .
                   And
                   the
                   most
                   Specifical
                   Species
                   is
                   that
                   ,
                   which
                   having
                   no
                   Species
                   of
                   it self
                   ,
                   has
                   no
                   other
                   Species
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   Socrates
                   .
                
                 
                   Division
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   dividing
                   of
                   the
                   Genus
                   into
                   all
                   the
                   Species's
                   which
                   it
                   contains
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   say
                   ,
                   
                     Of
                     Creatures
                     ,
                     some
                     are
                     Rational
                     ,
                     some
                     Irrational
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Contrary
                     Division
                  
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Division
                   of
                   the
                   Genus
                   into
                   the
                   Species
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   Negation
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   say
                   ,
                   
                     Of
                     Beings
                     ,
                     some
                     are
                     good
                     ,
                     some
                     are
                     not
                     good
                  
                   ;
                   and
                   
                     of
                     those
                     Things
                     which
                     are
                     not
                     good
                     ,
                     some
                     are
                     evil
                     ,
                     some
                     are
                     indifferent
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Partition
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   ranking
                   the
                   Genus
                   in
                   several
                   Places
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   say
                   ,
                   
                     Of
                     good
                     Things
                     ,
                     some
                     relate
                     to
                     the
                     Soul
                     ,
                     some
                     to
                     the
                     Body
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Amphibolie
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Sentence
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   constru'd
                   two
                   ways
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   several
                   Meanings
                   may
                   be
                   collected
                   from
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Logic
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   Knowledge
                   of
                   Truth
                   ▪
                   Falshood
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   neither
                   ;
                   and
                   it
                   relates
                   as
                   well
                   to
                   Things
                   that
                   signifie
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   things
                   that
                   are
                   signify'd
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   Place
                   of
                   Things
                   signify'd
                   ,
                   they
                   treat
                   of
                   
                     Things
                     Dicible
                  
                   ,
                   of
                   
                     perfect
                     Conclusions
                     ,
                     Axioms
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Syllogisms
                   ;
                   of
                   
                     Defectives
                     ,
                     Predicaments
                     ,
                     Actives
                     ,
                     Passives
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Things
                     Dicible
                  
                   ,
                   are
                   such
                   things
                   as
                   may
                   be
                   spoken
                   according
                   to
                   Logical
                   Phansie
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   which
                   ,
                   some
                   are
                   by
                   the
                   Stoics
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   perfect
                   ,
                   others
                   deficient
                   .
                
                 
                   Deficient
                   ,
                   are
                   those
                   things
                   that
                   are
                   imperfectly
                   utter'd
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   say
                   ,
                   
                     He
                     writes
                  
                   ;
                   the
                   Question
                   is
                   ,
                   
                     Who
                     writes
                  
                   ?
                
                 
                   Perfect
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   Sentence
                   is
                   perfect
                   ;
                   as
                   when
                   we
                   say
                   ,
                   Socrates
                   writes
                   .
                   The
                   Predicaments
                   therefore
                   are
                   number'd
                   among
                   Things
                   imperfectly
                   said
                   ;
                   but
                   in
                   the
                   Number
                   of
                   
                     Perfect
                     Things
                     ,
                     Axioms
                     ,
                     Syllogisms
                     ,
                     Questions
                  
                   and
                   
                     Answers
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     reckon'd
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Predicate
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   of
                   which
                   something
                   is
                   pronounc'd
                   ;
                   or
                   according
                   to
                   Apollodorus
                   ,
                   a
                   Thing
                   coupl'd
                   to
                   one
                   or
                   more
                   Things
                   ;
                   or
                   an
                   imperfect
                   Word
                   coupl'd
                   with
                   a
                   right
                   Case
                   ,
                   to
                   produce
                   a
                   Maxim.
                   
                
                 
                   Of
                   Predicates
                   ,
                   some
                   consist
                   of
                   Noun
                   ,
                   and
                   Verb
                   ;
                   as
                   when
                   we
                   say
                   ,
                   
                     To
                     sail
                     by
                     Rocks
                  
                   :
                   Others
                   are
                   Active
                   ,
                   others
                   Passive
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   Neutral
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Active
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   constru'd
                   with
                   an
                   oblique
                   Case
                   ,
                   to
                   produce
                   a
                   Predicate
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   say
                   ,
                   He
                   hears
                   ,
                   he
                   sees
                   ,
                   he
                   speaks
                   .
                
                 
                   Passives
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   constru'd
                   with
                   a
                   Passive
                   Particle
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     I
                     am
                     heard
                     ,
                     I
                     am
                     seen
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Neuters
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   neither
                   Active
                   nor
                   Passive
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     to
                     be
                     wise
                     ,
                     to
                     walk
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Contra-Passives
                   ,
                   are
                   such
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   Passive
                   Voices
                   cease
                   to
                   be
                   Passive
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   Actions
                   ;
                   as
                   for
                   Example
                   ;
                   when
                   we
                   say
                   ,
                   
                     He
                     is
                     shav'd
                  
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   Word
                   comprehends
                   the
                   Person
                   that
                   is
                   shav'd
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Oblique
                     Cases
                  
                   are
                   the
                   Genitive
                   ,
                   the
                   Dative
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Accusative
                   .
                
                 
                   An
                   *
                   Axiom
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   affirm'd
                   to
                   be
                   either
                   True
                   or
                   False
                   ;
                   or
                   as
                   Chrysippus
                   defines
                   it
                   ,
                   a
                   Perfect
                   Thing
                   to
                   be
                   deny'd
                   or
                   affirm'd
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   what
                   is
                   in
                   it self
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Maxim
                   affirms
                   or
                   denies
                   what
                   is
                   in
                   it self
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     It
                     is
                     Day
                  
                   ;
                   Dio
                   walks
                   :
                   For
                   he
                   that
                   says
                   ,
                   
                     It
                     is
                     Day
                  
                   ,
                   seems
                   to
                   affirm
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   Day
                   ;
                   for
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   Day
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   true
                   what
                   is
                   pronounc'd
                   ;
                   if
                   not
                   ,
                   the
                   Maxim
                   is
                   false
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   Difference
                   between
                   a
                   Maxim
                   ,
                   a
                   Question
                   ,
                   and
                   Interrogation
                   ;
                   for
                   there
                   is
                   the
                   
                     Imperative
                     ,
                     Adjurative
                     ,
                     Optative
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   Subjunctive
                   ,
                   the
                   Vocative
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Thing
                   like
                   a
                   Maxim.
                   
                
                 
                   An
                   Axiom
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   when
                   in
                   speaking
                   ,
                   we
                   pronounce
                   a
                   Thing
                   either
                   to
                   be
                   True
                   or
                   False
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   A
                   Question
                   ,
                   is
                   perfectly
                   like
                   an
                   Axiom
                   ;
                   but
                   which
                   requires
                   an
                   Answer
                   ,
                   Whether
                   it
                   be
                   so
                   or
                   no
                   ?
                   as
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   ask
                   ,
                   
                     Is
                     it
                     Day
                  
                   ?
                   Which
                   is
                   neither
                   true
                   nor
                   false
                   ;
                   but
                   when
                   we
                   answer
                   ,
                   
                     It
                     is
                     Day
                  
                   ;
                   then
                   it
                   becomes
                   an
                   Axiom
                   .
                
                 
                   An
                   Interrogation
                   ,
                   is
                   when
                   we
                   cannot
                   answer
                   punctually
                   to
                   the
                   Thing
                   ,
                   Yes
                   ,
                   or
                   No
                   ;
                   but
                   ,
                   
                     He
                     dwells
                     in
                     such
                     a
                     Place
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   An
                   Imperative
                   ,
                   is
                   when
                   we
                   command
                   in
                   speaking
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     But
                     Thou
                     ,
                     repair
                     to
                  
                   Inachus
                   '
                   
                     s
                     Ford.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   A
                   Vocative
                   ,
                   When
                   they
                   that
                   speak
                   ,
                   call
                   upon
                   some
                   Person
                   or
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Renowned
                     King
                     of
                     Men
                     ,
                     O
                  
                   Agamemnon
                   ▪
                
                 
                   An
                   Enunciate
                   ,
                   is
                   when
                   we
                   utter
                   so
                   mething
                   like
                   an
                   Axiom
                   ;
                   which
                   being
                   redundant
                   in
                   some
                   Part
                   ,
                   or
                   defective
                   ,
                   cannot
                   be
                   call'd
                   an
                   Axiom
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     And
                     is
                     not
                     this
                     a
                     pleasant
                     Abode
                     for
                     Virgins
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Is
                     this
                     same
                     Shepherd
                     like
                     a
                     Son
                     of
                  
                   Priam
                   ?
                
                 
                   Where
                   the
                   Questions
                   are
                   ambiguous
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Man
                   knows
                   not
                   well
                   what
                   to
                   answer
                   :
                   For
                   Questions
                   and
                   Interrogations
                   are
                   neither
                   true
                   nor
                   false
                   ;
                   whereas
                   Enunciates
                   
                   are
                   either
                   true
                   or
                   false
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   Enunciates
                   ,
                   some
                   are
                   Plain
                   and
                   Simple
                   ,
                   or
                   not
                   ;
                   as
                   
                     Chrysippus
                     ,
                     Archedemus
                     ,
                     Antipater
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Crinis
                   affirm
                   .
                
                 
                   Simple
                   ,
                   Wherein
                   there
                   is
                   nothing
                   of
                   Ambiguity
                   ;
                   as
                   for
                   Example
                   ,
                   
                     It
                     is
                     Day
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Not
                     Simple
                  
                   ,
                   Where
                   the
                   Proposition
                   is
                   ambiguous
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     If
                     it
                     be
                     Day
                  
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   consists
                   of
                   more
                   then
                   one
                   Proposition
                   :
                   
                     If
                     it
                     be
                     Day
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     Light.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   Among
                   Simple
                   Enunciates
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   the
                   Enunciative
                   ,
                   the
                   Negative
                   ,
                   the
                   Privative
                   ,
                   the
                   Categorical
                   ,
                   the
                   Predicamental
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Indefinite
                   .
                
                 
                   Among
                   the
                   Compound
                   Enunciates
                   ,
                   there
                   is
                   the
                   Complex
                   ,
                   the
                   Connex'd
                   ,
                   the
                   Causal
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   proves
                   the
                   most
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   which
                   proves
                   the
                   least
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Negative
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   say
                   ,
                   
                     It
                     is
                     not
                     Day
                  
                   ;
                   but
                   he
                   affirms
                   ,
                   
                     It
                     is
                     Day
                  
                   .
                   Of
                   which
                   ,
                   the
                   Superenunciative
                   is
                   a
                   Species
                   ;
                   which
                   Superenunciative
                   is
                   the
                   Negative
                   of
                   a
                   
                     Negative
                     ;
                     Not
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     Day
                  
                   ;
                   for
                   he
                   asserts
                   ,
                   
                     It
                     is
                     Day
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Negative
                   consists
                   of
                   the
                   Negative
                   Particle
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Predioate
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     No
                     Man
                     walks
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Privative
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   consists
                   of
                   the
                   Privative
                   Particle
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Axiom
                   ,
                   or
                   Congruity
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   its
                   Efficacy
                   ;
                   
                     Such
                     a
                     one
                     is
                  
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   Inhumane
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   A
                   Praedicative
                   ,
                   consists
                   of
                   a
                   right
                   Case
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Praedicate
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   Dio
                   walks
                   .
                
                 
                   An
                   Indefinite
                   consists
                   of
                   an
                   Indefinite
                   Particle
                   ,
                   or
                   Indefinite
                   Parts
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     a
                     certain
                     Man
                     walks
                     ;
                     He
                     is
                     mov'd
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   The
                   connex'd
                   Enunciate
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   Chrysippus
                   ,
                   and
                   Diogenes
                   ,
                   which
                   consists
                   of
                   the
                   Conjunction
                   Copulative
                   ,
                   If
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   Connexion
                   is
                   plain
                   by
                   the
                   Consequence
                   of
                   the
                   Second
                   to
                   the
                   First
                   ;
                   beginning
                   in
                   the
                   Enunciate
                   ,
                   and
                   ending
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Enunciate
                     ;
                     If
                     it
                     is
                     Day
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     Light
                     :
                  
                   For
                   if
                   the
                   First
                   be
                   ,
                   the
                   Second
                   must
                   be
                   true
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Complex
                   Enunciate
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   joyn'd
                   together
                   by
                   certain
                   Complex'd
                   Copulatives
                   ;
                   
                     It
                     is
                     both
                     Day
                     and
                     Light.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   Disjunctive
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   joyn'd
                   together
                   by
                   a
                   Disjunctive
                   Copulative
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     Either
                     it
                     is
                     Day
                     ,
                     or
                     it
                     is
                     Night
                     .
                  
                   Which
                   Disjunctive
                   shews
                   ,
                   that
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Maxims
                   must
                   be
                   false
                   .
                   The
                   Causal
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   knit
                   together
                   by
                   the
                   Particle
                   Because
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     Because
                     it
                     is
                     Day
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     Light
                  
                   ;
                   as
                   if
                   the
                   First
                   were
                   the
                   Cause
                   of
                   the
                   Second
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   which
                   demonstrates
                   the
                   Greater
                   ,
                   is
                   joyn'd
                   together
                   by
                   the
                   Word
                   Rather
                   ,
                   plac'd
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Enunciate
                     .
                     It
                     is
                     Day
                     ,
                     rather
                     then
                     Night
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   That
                   which
                   demonstrates
                   the
                   Less
                   ,
                   is
                   quite
                   contrary
                   to
                   the
                   former
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   when
                   
                   we
                   say
                   ,
                   
                     It
                     is
                     less
                     Day
                     then
                     Night
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Other
                   Maxims
                   there
                   are
                   which
                   mutually
                   contradict
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   Truth
                   and
                   Falshood
                   :
                   of
                   which
                   one
                   is
                   the
                   denial
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   :
                   For
                   Example
                   ,
                   
                     It
                     is
                     Day
                     ,
                     and
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     Day
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Therefore
                   a
                   true
                   connex'd
                   Maxim
                   is
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   Opposition
                   in
                   the
                   End
                   is
                   repugnant
                   to
                   the
                   chief
                   Intention
                   of
                   the
                   Beginning
                   :
                   For
                   example
                   ;
                   
                     If
                     it
                     be
                     Day
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     Light.
                  
                   Which
                   is
                   true
                   ,
                   in
                   regard
                   he
                   that
                   opposes
                   ,
                   and
                   says
                   ,
                   
                     't
                     is
                     not
                     Light
                  
                   ,
                   contradicts
                   the
                   Affirmative
                   ,
                   
                     It
                     is
                     Day
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   
                     Connex'd
                     Enunciate
                  
                   is
                   either
                   false
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   Opposite
                   in
                   the
                   End
                   ,
                   is
                   not
                   repugnant
                   to
                   the
                   Beginning
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     If
                     it
                     be
                     Day
                  
                   ,
                   Dio
                   walks
                   :
                   for
                   that
                   Part
                   ,
                   Dio
                   walks
                   ,
                   is
                   no
                   way
                   repugnant
                   to
                   
                     If
                     it
                     be
                     Day
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   a
                   true
                   connex'd
                   Enunciate
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   beginning
                   with
                   a
                   Truth
                   ,
                   ends
                   with
                   the
                   Consequence
                   ,
                   as
                   thus
                   ;
                   
                     Because
                     it
                     is
                     Day
                     ,
                     the
                     Sun
                     shines
                     upon
                     the
                     Earth
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   But
                   a
                   false
                   
                     Connex'd
                     Enunciate
                  
                   either
                   begins
                   with
                   a
                   Falshood
                   ,
                   or
                   does
                   not
                   end
                   in
                   a
                   Consequence
                   :
                   For
                   it
                   does
                   not
                   follow
                   ,
                   because
                   
                     it
                     is
                     Day
                     ,
                     that
                  
                   Dio
                   walks
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   true
                   
                     Causal
                     Enunciate
                  
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   first
                   Part
                   ends
                   in
                   a
                   Consequence
                   ,
                   yet
                   the
                   End
                   is
                   not
                   the
                   Consequence
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   Beginning
                   :
                   For
                   example
                   ;
                   
                     Because
                     it
                     is
                     Day
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     Light.
                  
                   For
                   it
                   follows
                   ,
                   That
                   
                     because
                     it
                     is
                     
                     Day
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     Light
                  
                   ;
                   but
                   it
                   does
                   not
                   follow
                   ,
                   that
                   ,
                   
                     it
                     is
                     Light
                     because
                     it
                     is
                     Day
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   A
                   false
                   
                     Causal
                     Enunciate
                  
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   where
                   it
                   either
                   begins
                   with
                   a
                   Falshood
                   ,
                   or
                   does
                   not
                   end
                   with
                   a
                   Consequence
                   :
                   For
                   example
                   ;
                   
                     Because
                     it
                     is
                     Night
                  
                   ,
                   Dio
                   walks
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   
                     Probable
                     Enunciate
                  
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   induces
                   to
                   a
                   Consent
                   :
                   As
                   thus
                   ;
                   
                     Whatever
                     she
                     be
                     ,
                     that
                     brings
                     forth
                     ,
                     is
                     the
                     Mother
                     of
                     that
                     Birth
                     .
                  
                   This
                   is
                   false
                   ;
                   for
                   no
                   Bird
                   is
                   the
                   Mother
                   of
                   an
                   Egg.
                   
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   things
                   Possible
                   ,
                   others
                   Impossible
                   ;
                   some
                   things
                   necessarily
                   must
                   be
                   ;
                   others
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   necessity
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   .
                
                 
                   Possible
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   demonstrates
                   a
                   Thing
                   to
                   be
                   true
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   there
                   is
                   nothing
                   external
                   which
                   opposes
                   that
                   Truth
                   ;
                   as
                   thus
                   ;
                   Diocles
                   lives
                   .
                
                 
                   Impossible
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   cannot
                   be
                   proved
                   to
                   be
                   true
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   that
                   
                     the
                     Earth
                     flies
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Necessary
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   being
                   true
                   ,
                   cannot
                   be
                   prov'd
                   to
                   be
                   false
                   :
                   Or
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   so
                   prov'd
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   certain
                   external
                   things
                   convince
                   us
                   to
                   the
                   contrary
                   :
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     Virtue
                     is
                     profitable
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Not
                   Necessary
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   true
                   ,
                   yet
                   may
                   be
                   false
                   ,
                   if
                   external
                   things
                   do
                   not
                   oppose
                   it
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   Dio
                   walks
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   
                     Likely
                     Enunciate
                  
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   there
                   are
                   several
                   Reasons
                   that
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   
                   true
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     That
                     we
                     shall
                     live
                     till
                     the
                     next
                     Day
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   other
                   Distinctions
                   ,
                   Transitions
                   and
                   Conversions
                   of
                   Enunciates
                   out
                   of
                   one
                   into
                   another
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   we
                   shall
                   speak
                   more
                   at
                   large
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   now
                   ,
                   an
                   Argument
                   ,
                   as
                   Crinis
                   asserts
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   consists
                   of
                   a
                   Proposition
                   ,
                   an
                   Assumption
                   ,
                   and
                   an
                   Inference
                   :
                   as
                   thus
                   ;
                   
                     If
                     it
                     be
                     Day
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     Light
                     :
                     But
                     it
                     is
                     Day
                  
                   ;
                   there
                   's
                   the
                   Assumption
                   ;
                   therefore
                   
                     it
                     is
                     Light
                  
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   's
                   the
                   Inference
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Mood
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   an
                   Argument
                   :
                   as
                   for
                   example
                   ;
                   
                     If
                     it
                     be
                     the
                     first
                     ,
                     then
                     the
                     second
                     ;
                     but
                     it
                     is
                     the
                     first
                     ,
                     therefore
                     the
                     second
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   A
                   
                     Hypothetic
                     Argument
                  
                   is
                   compos'd
                   out
                   of
                   both
                   ,
                   as
                   thus
                   ;
                   If
                   Plato
                   
                     lives
                     ,
                     be
                     breaths
                  
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   first
                   is
                   true
                   ;
                   therefore
                   the
                   latter
                   .
                   Which
                   sort
                   of
                   Argument
                   was
                   introduc'd
                   to
                   avoid
                   Prolixity
                   of
                   Words
                   in
                   the
                   Composition
                   of
                   Arguments
                   ,
                   that
                   might
                   otherwise
                   require
                   a
                   long
                   Assumption
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   long
                   Inference
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   it
                   is
                   more
                   concise
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   If
                   B.
                   therefore
                   A.
                   
                
                 
                   Again
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   Syllogisms
                   admit
                   of
                   a
                   Conclusion
                   ;
                   others
                   ,
                   not
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   admit
                   no
                   Conclusion
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   Opposite
                   in
                   the
                   Conclusion
                   is
                   repugnant
                   to
                   the
                   Connexion
                   of
                   the
                   Proposition
                   :
                   as
                   
                   thus
                   ;
                   
                     If
                     it
                     be
                     Day
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     Light
                     ;
                     but
                     it
                     is
                     Day
                     ;
                     therefore
                  
                   Dio
                   walks
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   
                     Conclusive
                     Syllogisms
                  
                   ,
                   some
                   are
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   Conclusive
                   equivocally
                   to
                   the
                   Genus
                   ;
                   others
                   ,
                   collectively
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Collective
                     Arguments
                  
                   ,
                   are
                   such
                   as
                   either
                   need
                   no
                   Demonstration
                   ,
                   or
                   leading
                   to
                   Demonstration
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   means
                   of
                   one
                   or
                   more
                   Positions
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   If
                   Dio
                   
                     walks
                     ,
                     therefore
                  
                   Dio
                   moves
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Conclusive
                     Arguments
                  
                   in
                   Specie
                   ,
                   are
                   such
                   as
                   do
                   not
                   collect
                   Syllogistically
                   :
                   For
                   example
                   ;
                   This
                   is
                   false
                   :
                   
                     'T
                     is
                     either
                     Day
                     ,
                     or
                     't
                     is
                     Night
                     :
                     But
                     it
                     is
                     Day
                     ;
                     therefore
                     't
                     is
                     not
                     Night
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Arguments
                     not
                     Syllogistical
                  
                   ,
                   are
                   such
                   as
                   resemble
                   Syllogisms
                   ,
                   but
                   conclude
                   nothing
                   :
                   For
                   example
                   ;
                   If
                   Dio
                   
                     be
                     a
                     Horse
                     ▪
                  
                   Dio
                   
                     is
                     a
                     Creature
                     ;
                     therefore
                  
                   Dio
                   
                     is
                     no
                     Creature
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Arguments
                   are
                   either
                   true
                   or
                   false
                   .
                
                 
                   Those
                   that
                   are
                   True
                   ,
                   are
                   collected
                   from
                   true
                   Things
                   :
                   as
                   thus
                   ;
                   
                     If
                     Virtue
                     be
                     profitable
                     ,
                     Vice
                     is
                     hurtful
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   False
                   ,
                   are
                   they
                   that
                   contain
                   something
                   of
                   Falshood
                   in
                   the
                   Propositions
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   conclude
                   nothing
                   :
                   For
                   example
                   ;
                   
                     If
                     it
                     be
                     Day
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     Light
                     ;
                     but
                     it
                     is
                     Day
                     ;
                     therefore
                  
                   Dio
                   walks
                   .
                
                 
                   Arguments
                   ,
                   also
                   are
                   either
                   Possible
                   ,
                   or
                   Impossible
                   ;
                   Necessary
                   ,
                   or
                   Unnecessary
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   There
                   are
                   others
                   call'd
                   Anopodeicti
                   ;
                   because
                   they
                   require
                   no
                   Demonstration
                   .
                
                 
                   Other
                   Sorts
                   are
                   enumerated
                   by
                   others
                   ;
                   but
                   Chrysippus
                   reduces
                   them
                   to
                   five
                   Sorts
                   ;
                   from
                   which
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Arguments
                   may
                   be
                   taken
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   first
                   is
                   Demonstrative
                   ;
                   where
                   the
                   whole
                   Argument
                   is
                   compos'd
                   of
                   Conjoyn'd
                   and
                   Antecedent
                   ;
                   and
                   where
                   something
                   conjoyn'd
                   begins
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Conclusion
                   infers
                   .
                   
                     If
                     the
                     First
                     ,
                     the
                     Second
                     ;
                     but
                     the
                     First
                     ;
                     therefore
                     the
                     Second
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   The
                   Second
                   Mood
                   is
                   ,
                   where
                   there
                   being
                   two
                   Opposites
                   in
                   the
                   Proportion
                   ,
                   the
                   Conclusion
                   is
                   opposite
                   to
                   the
                   Assumption
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     If
                     it
                     be
                     Day
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     Light
                     ;
                     but
                     it
                     is
                     Night
                     ;
                     therefore
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     Day
                     .
                  
                   Where
                   the
                   Assumption
                   rises
                   from
                   the
                   opposite
                   Consequent
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Conclusion
                   from
                   the
                   Antecedent
                   consequent
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Third
                   Mood
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   infers
                   from
                   a
                   Negative
                   Complication
                   in
                   the
                   Proposition
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   Suppositions
                   in
                   the
                   Complication
                   ,
                   infers
                   something
                   opposite
                   to
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   .
                   
                     Plato
                     is
                     not
                     dead
                     ,
                     and
                     yet
                     living
                     ;
                     but
                  
                   Plato
                   
                     is
                     dead
                     ;
                     therefore
                     he
                     is
                     not
                     alive
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   The
                   Fourth
                   is
                   ,
                   which
                   from
                   a
                   disjunctive
                   Proposition
                   ,
                   and
                   something
                   contain'd
                   in
                   the
                   Disjunctives
                   ,
                   concludes
                   in
                   opposition
                   to
                   the
                   rest
                   .
                   
                     Either
                     it
                     is
                     first
                     or
                     second
                     ;
                     
                     but
                     it
                     is
                     the
                     first
                     ;
                     therefore
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     the
                     second
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   The
                   Fifth
                   is
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   whole
                   Argument
                   being
                   disjunctive
                   ,
                   the
                   Conclusion
                   infers
                   from
                   the
                   Disjunctive
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   things
                   which
                   are
                   opposite
                   in
                   the
                   Disjunctive
                   :
                   as
                   thus
                   ;
                   
                     Either
                     it
                     is
                     Day
                     ,
                     or
                     it
                     is
                     Night
                     ;
                     but
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     Night
                     ;
                     therefore
                     it
                     is
                     Day
                     .
                  
                   For
                   from
                   Truth
                   ,
                   Truth
                   follows
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Opinion
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Stoics
                     .
                     It
                     is
                     Day
                     ,
                     therefore
                     't
                     is
                     Light.
                  
                   And
                   Falshood
                   follows
                   Falshood
                   :
                   as
                   thus
                   ;
                   
                     'T
                     is
                     false
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     Night
                     ,
                     therefore
                     't
                     is
                     false
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     dark
                     .
                  
                   Nor
                   do
                   they
                   infer
                   a
                   Truth
                   from
                   what
                   is
                   false
                   .
                   
                     The
                     Earth
                     flies
                     ,
                     therefore
                     the
                     Earth
                     is
                     .
                  
                   For
                   when
                   we
                   affirm
                   the
                   Earth
                   to
                   be
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   necessary
                   that
                   it
                   should
                   fly
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   other
                   Arguments
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   call'd
                   Involv'd
                   ,
                   and
                   Latens
                   ;
                   other
                   O●●des
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   little
                   Importance
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Obscure
                   ,
                   or
                   *
                   Involv'd
                   :
                   as
                   thus
                   ;
                   
                     Two
                     are
                     not
                     a
                     few
                     ,
                     nor
                     Three
                     ;
                     if
                     not
                     these
                     ,
                     then
                     not
                     Four
                  
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   to
                   
                     Ten
                     :
                     But
                     Two
                     are
                     a
                     few
                     ;
                     therefore
                     Ten.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   The
                   Otis
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Conjunctive
                   Argument
                   ,
                   consisting
                   of
                   Finite
                   ,
                   and
                   Infinite
                   ;
                   having
                   both
                   Assumption
                   ,
                   and
                   Conclusion
                   :
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     If
                     he
                     be
                     not
                     here
                     ,
                     he
                     is
                     not
                     at
                  
                   Rhodes
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   is
                   the
                   Logic
                   of
                   the
                   Stoics
                   ;
                   to
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   so
                   bigotted
                   ▪
                   that
                   they
                   believe
                   the
                   Logician
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   only
                   Wise
                   
                   Man
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   all
                   things
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   discern'd
                   by
                   the
                   Speculation
                   of
                   Words
                   ;
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   all
                   Natural
                   and
                   Moral
                   Studies
                   stand
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   
                     Logical
                     Assistance
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Thus
                   much
                   of
                   the
                   Rational
                   Part
                   of
                   their
                   Philosophy
                   :
                   Now
                   their
                   
                     Moral
                     Philosophy
                  
                   they
                   divide
                   under
                   several
                   Heads
                   ,
                   or
                   Places
                   ;
                   under
                   the
                   Titles
                   of
                   Natural
                   Inclination
                   ,
                   of
                   Good
                   and
                   Evil
                   Things
                   ;
                   of
                   the
                   Affections
                   ,
                   of
                   Virtue
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   End
                   ,
                   of
                   Primary
                   Dignity
                   ,
                   of
                   Actions
                   ,
                   and
                   Duties
                   ,
                   of
                   Exhortations
                   ,
                   and
                   Dehortations
                   :
                   which
                   are
                   the
                   more
                   nice
                   Distinctions
                   of
                   
                     Chrysippus
                     ,
                     Archedemus
                     ,
                     Zeno
                  
                   of
                   
                     Tarsus
                     ,
                     Apollodorus
                     ,
                     Diogenes
                     ,
                     Antipater
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Possidonius
                   .
                   For
                   Zeno
                   the
                   Cittian
                   ,
                   and
                   Cleanthes
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   more
                   ancient
                   ,
                   handled
                   these
                   Matters
                   more
                   plainly
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   less
                   Subtilty
                   .
                   However
                   ,
                   they
                   divided
                   this
                   Part
                   of
                   Philosophy
                   into
                   Natural
                   and
                   Physical
                   ;
                   and
                   held
                   ,
                   that
                   
                     Self
                     preservation
                  
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   of
                   all
                   Desires
                   infus'd
                   into
                   all
                   Creatures
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Dictates
                   and
                   Instinct
                   of
                   Nature
                   :
                   as
                   Chrysippus
                   asserts
                   in
                   his
                   First
                   Book
                   
                     De
                     Finibus
                  
                   ;
                   alledging
                   ,
                   That
                   the
                   first
                   thing
                   which
                   was
                   familiar
                   and
                   inherent
                   to
                   every
                   Creature
                   ,
                   was
                   the
                   Notion
                   of
                   that
                   Sympathy
                   and
                   Concord
                   which
                   is
                   between
                   every
                   Creature
                   :
                   which
                   it
                   was
                   not
                   probable
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Creature
                   could
                   either
                   alienate
                   or
                   create
                   in
                   himself
                   ;
                   it
                   remains
                   ,
                   
                   that
                   all
                   Creatures
                   accord
                   by
                   Nature
                   .
                   And
                   thus
                   it
                   comes
                   to
                   pass
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   withstand
                   and
                   repel
                   what
                   is
                   hurtful
                   ,
                   and
                   embrace
                   what
                   is
                   delightful
                   and
                   beneficial
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   whereas
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   who
                   affirm
                   ▪
                   That
                   the
                   Desire
                   of
                   Pleasure
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   Appetency
                   infus'd
                   into
                   the
                   Creatures
                   ,
                   the
                   Stoics
                   deny
                   it
                   :
                   For
                   ,
                   say
                   they
                   ,
                   If
                   there
                   be
                   any
                   such
                   Thing
                   as
                   Pleasure
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   only
                   an
                   additional
                   Thing
                   ,
                   which
                   Nature
                   seeking
                   of
                   her self
                   ,
                   receives
                   ,
                   as
                   pleasing
                   to
                   the
                   Constitution
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   .
                   And
                   hence
                   it
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Creatures
                   become
                   chearful
                   and
                   vigorous
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   Plants
                   and
                   Trees
                   spread
                   and
                   flourish
                   .
                   Neither
                   has
                   Nature
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   made
                   any
                   Distinction
                   between
                   Plants
                   and
                   Animals
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   distribute
                   those
                   Desires
                   into
                   either
                   ,
                   without
                   Sence
                   and
                   Appetite
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   we
                   our selves
                   covet
                   many
                   things
                   after
                   the
                   nature
                   of
                   Plants
                   :
                   But
                   this
                   Desire
                   being
                   augmented
                   in
                   Animals
                   ,
                   the
                   Use
                   of
                   which
                   leads
                   'em
                   to
                   covet
                   things
                   most
                   familiar
                   to
                   their
                   Notions
                   ;
                   in
                   them
                   Nature
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   sort
                   of
                   Reason
                   governs
                   this
                   Appetite
                   :
                   for
                   Animals
                   are
                   a
                   sort
                   of
                   Rational
                   Creatures
                   ,
                   to
                   whom
                   Reason
                   is
                   bequeath'd
                   in
                   a
                   more
                   perfect
                   manner
                   then
                   to
                   Plants
                   ;
                   therefore
                   Nature
                   prompts
                   'em
                   by
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Reason
                   ,
                   to
                   live
                   the
                   most
                   commodiously
                   they
                   can
                   .
                   And
                   
                   therefore
                   Zeno
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Treatise
                   of
                   
                     the
                     Nature
                     of
                     Man
                  
                   ,
                   affirms
                   the
                   End
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   no
                   more
                   then
                   to
                   live
                   correspondent
                   to
                   the
                   Laws
                   of
                   Nature
                   ;
                   which
                   i
                   ,
                   to
                   live
                   virtuously
                   :
                   Which
                   was
                   also
                   the
                   Opinion
                   of
                   
                     Cleanthes
                     ,
                     Possidonius
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Hecato
                   .
                   Again
                   ,
                   That
                   it
                   was
                   the
                   same
                   Thing
                   to
                   live
                   virtuously
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   live
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Experience
                   of
                   those
                   things
                   that
                   fall
                   out
                   according
                   to
                   Nature
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   the
                   End
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   live
                   close
                   up
                   to
                   Nature
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   his
                   own
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                   all
                   Things
                   ,
                   acting
                   nothing
                   which
                   the
                   common
                   Law
                   of
                   Nature
                   forbids
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   true
                   Law
                   diffus'd
                   through
                   all
                   the
                   Creatures
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   in
                   Jove
                   ,
                   the
                   principal
                   Governor
                   and
                   Upholder
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   .
                   And
                   hence
                   the
                   Virtue
                   of
                   a
                   happy
                   Man
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Prosperity
                   of
                   Life
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   acts
                   all
                   things
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Symphony
                   and
                   Agreement
                   of
                   that
                   Daemon
                   in
                   every
                   one
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   Will
                   of
                   the
                   Supream
                   Governor
                   .
                   Diogenes
                   therefore
                   asserts
                   the
                   End
                   to
                   be
                   no
                   other
                   ,
                   then
                   to
                   acquiesce
                   in
                   the
                   Reason
                   of
                   those
                   things
                   which
                   are
                   according
                   to
                   Nature
                   .
                   Archedemus
                   ,
                   That
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   live
                   in
                   the
                   Observance
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   that
                   are
                   decent
                   .
                   Chrysippus
                   also
                   asserts
                   ,
                   That
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   live
                   according
                   to
                   Nature
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   Common
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   properly
                   humane
                   .
                   But
                   Cleanthes
                   
                   admits
                   only
                   Common
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   any
                   Particular
                   Nature
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   our
                   Guide
                   ;
                   That
                   Virtue
                   is
                   an
                   acknowledg'd
                   Habit
                   or
                   Disposition
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   desirable
                   for
                   its
                   own
                   sake
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   out
                   of
                   Fear
                   ,
                   or
                   Hope
                   ,
                   or
                   for
                   the
                   sake
                   of
                   any
                   external
                   Thing
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   Happiness
                   consists
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   the
                   Soul
                   being
                   made
                   for
                   the
                   convenience
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Life
                   :
                   but
                   that
                   the
                   Rational
                   Creature
                   ,
                   is
                   sometimes
                   perverted
                   by
                   the
                   allurements
                   of
                   Outward
                   Things
                   ,
                   sometimes
                   by
                   the
                   Perswasions
                   of
                   Education
                   and
                   Friendship
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   Nature
                   infuses
                   innocent
                   Desires
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   is
                   another
                   sort
                   of
                   Vertue
                   ,
                   commonly
                   and
                   every
                   where
                   a
                   Perfection
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   of
                   a
                   Statue
                   :
                   another
                   invisible
                   ,
                   as
                   Health
                   :
                   another
                   sort
                   speculative
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Prudence
                     .
                     Hecato
                  
                   also
                   asserts
                   ,
                   That
                   there
                   are
                   certain
                   Scientifical
                   and
                   Speculative
                   Virtues
                   ,
                   that
                   derive
                   their
                   Being
                   from
                   Contemplation
                   ;
                   as
                   Prudence
                   and
                   Justice
                   :
                   others
                   ,
                   that
                   come
                   not
                   within
                   the
                   Verge
                   of
                   Speculation
                   ;
                   as
                   Health
                   :
                   for
                   that
                   Health
                   may
                   attend
                   upon
                   a
                   Mad
                   Man
                   ,
                   who
                   has
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   defective
                   Speculation
                   ;
                   and
                   there
                   may
                   be
                   Strength
                   in
                   the
                   Arches
                   and
                   Buttresses
                   of
                   Buildings
                   :
                   And
                   they
                   are
                   therefore
                   said
                   not
                   to
                   appertain
                   to
                   Contemplation
                   ;
                   because
                   they
                   are
                   not
                   admitted
                   by
                   Choice
                   and
                   Consent
                   ,
                   but
                   only
                   as
                   they
                   happen
                   ;
                   and
                   
                   for
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   common
                   as
                   well
                   to
                   the
                   Bad
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Good
                   ;
                   as
                   Health
                   and
                   Fortitude
                   .
                   Now
                   that
                   Virtue
                   is
                   substantial
                   ,
                   Possidonius
                   draws
                   his
                   Argument
                   from
                   hence
                   ;
                   That
                   
                     Socrates
                     ,
                     Callisthenes
                     ,
                     Diogenes
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   made
                   a
                   Progress
                   in
                   Learning
                   ,
                   and
                   increas'd
                   their
                   Knowledg
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   Evil
                   is
                   Substantial
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   Contrary
                   to
                   Virtue
                   .
                   Then
                   again
                   ,
                   That
                   Virtue
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   taught
                   ,
                   appears
                   from
                   hence
                   ,
                   That
                   Bad
                   Men
                   are
                   brought
                   to
                   become
                   Good
                   ;
                   as
                   
                     Chrysippus
                     ,
                     Cleanthes
                     ,
                     Possidonius
                  
                   and
                   Hecato
                   affirm
                   .
                
                 
                   Panaetius
                   asserts
                   two
                   sorts
                   of
                   Virtue
                   ;
                   Speculative
                   and
                   Active
                   .
                   Others
                   will
                   have
                   three
                   sorts
                   ;
                   
                     Rational
                     ,
                     Natural
                  
                   and
                   
                     Moral
                     .
                     Possidonius
                  
                   reckons
                   four
                   sorts
                   ;
                   
                     Cleanthes
                     ,
                     Chrysippus
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Antipater
                   ,
                   more
                   .
                   Apollophanes
                   allows
                   no
                   more
                   then
                   one
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   Prudence
                   .
                
                 
                   Then
                   again
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   Virtues
                   ,
                   they
                   affirm
                   some
                   to
                   be
                   Primary
                   ,
                   others
                   inferior
                   to
                   them
                   :
                   That
                   the
                   Primary
                   Virtues
                   are
                   
                     Prudence
                     ,
                     Fortitude
                     ,
                     Justice
                  
                   and
                   Temperance
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   
                     Magnanimity
                     ,
                     Continence
                     ,
                     Patience
                     ,
                     Sagacity
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   
                     Dexterity
                     in
                     Advice
                  
                   ,
                   are
                   Species's
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   Prudence
                   is
                   the
                   Knowledge
                   of
                   Good
                   and
                   Evil
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   Things
                   Indifferent
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   That
                   Justice
                   was
                   the
                   Knowledge
                   of
                   what
                   was
                   to
                   be
                   desir'd
                   of
                   Choice
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   to
                   be
                   shnnn'd
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   what
                   was
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   between
                   both
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   Magnanimity
                   was
                   a
                   Knowledge
                   that
                   rais'd
                   the
                   Habit
                   above
                   all
                   Contingencies
                   ,
                   common
                   as
                   well
                   to
                   the
                   Bad
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Good.
                   
                
                 
                   That
                   Continency
                   was
                   an
                   invincible
                   Habit
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   overcome
                   by
                   Pleasure
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   Patience
                   was
                   the
                   Knowledge
                   where
                   and
                   when
                   to
                   persevere
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   Sagacity
                   was
                   an
                   Inventive
                   Habit
                   ,
                   and
                   quick
                   Apprehension
                   of
                   our
                   Duty
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   
                     Dexterity
                     in
                     Advice
                  
                   ,
                   was
                   a
                   Knowledge
                   which
                   instructed
                   us
                   ,
                   when
                   and
                   what
                   to
                   act
                   for
                   the
                   best
                   advantage
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   like
                   manner
                   ,
                   they
                   held
                   Vices
                   ,
                   some
                   to
                   be
                   Cardinal
                   ,
                   others
                   of
                   a
                   lower
                   Form
                   :
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     Folly
                     ,
                     Cowardice
                     ,
                     Injustice
                     ,
                     Intemperance
                     ,
                     Incontinence
                     ,
                     Blockishness
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   
                     Imprudence
                     in
                     Advice
                  
                   :
                   and
                   that
                   Evil
                   is
                   the
                   Ignorance
                   of
                   those
                   things
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   Virtue
                   is
                   the
                   Knowledge
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   General
                   Good
                   was
                   what
                   was
                   Useful
                   and
                   Beneficial
                   :
                   the
                   Particular
                   Good
                   ,
                   either
                   the
                   same
                   ,
                   or
                   not
                   deviating
                   from
                   it
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   they
                   make
                   a
                   threefold
                   Distinction
                   of
                   Virtue
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   Good
                   which
                   partakes
                   of
                   it
                   :
                   Good
                   ,
                   from
                   whence
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   Virtuous
                   Action
                   :
                   Good
                   ,
                   from
                   whom
                   ;
                   
                   as
                   ,
                   from
                   a
                   sincere
                   Person
                   ,
                   delighting
                   in
                   Virtue
                   .
                
                 
                   Another
                   way
                   they
                   define
                   Good
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                   Rational
                   ,
                   or
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   Rational
                   .
                   Such
                   is
                   that
                   Virtue
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   while
                   we
                   partake
                   ,
                   we
                   act
                   according
                   to
                   Virtue
                   ,
                   and
                   become
                   good
                   .
                   The
                   Accessions
                   to
                   which
                   ,
                   were
                   Joy
                   and
                   Gladness
                   .
                   And
                   so
                   it
                   is
                   in
                   Evil
                   Things
                   ;
                   
                     Imprudence
                     ,
                     Fear
                     ,
                     Injustice
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   Of
                   which
                   they
                   that
                   partake
                   ,
                   commit
                   Evil
                   Actions
                   .
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   of
                   Good
                   Things
                   ,
                   some
                   there
                   are
                   that
                   appertain
                   to
                   the
                   Mind
                   ;
                   others
                   Extrinsecal
                   ;
                   others
                   ,
                   neither
                   appertaining
                   to
                   the
                   Mind
                   ,
                   nor
                   Extrinsecal
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   first
                   sort
                   ,
                   are
                   the
                   Virtues
                   ,
                   or
                   Virtuous
                   Actions
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Second
                   ,
                   
                     Nobility
                     of
                     Birth
                     ,
                     Honest
                  
                   and
                   
                     many
                     Friends
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Prosperity
                   ,
                   concomitant
                   with
                   these
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Third
                   sort
                   ,
                   when
                   a
                   Man
                   is
                   virtuous
                   and
                   happy
                   within
                   himself
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   same
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   said
                   of
                   Vices
                   ;
                   for
                   Vices
                   and
                   vicious
                   Actions
                   proceed
                   from
                   the
                   
                     Mind
                     :
                     Extrinsecal
                  
                   ,
                   are
                   Treason
                   to
                   a
                   Man's
                   Country
                   ,
                   &
                   Falseness
                   to
                   his
                   Friend
                   ;
                   but
                   Evil
                   ,
                   that
                   neither
                   concerns
                   the
                   Mind
                   ,
                   nor
                   is
                   Extrinsecal
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   Infelicity
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Devil
                   to
                   himself
                   .
                
                 
                   Another
                   Distinction
                   of
                   
                     Good
                     Things
                  
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   into
                   such
                   as
                   relate
                   to
                   the
                   
                     End
                     ,
                     Goods
                  
                   of
                   
                   Action
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   relating
                   to
                   both
                   .
                
                 
                   Goods
                   of
                   Action
                   ,
                   are
                   Friends
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Benefits
                   we
                   receive
                   from
                   their
                   Assistance
                   .
                   But
                   
                     Valour
                     ,
                     Grandeur
                     of
                     Mind
                     ,
                     Liberty
                     ,
                     Freeness
                     from
                     Pain
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   all
                   Virtuous
                   Actions
                   are
                   Goods
                   that
                   relate
                   to
                   the
                   End
                   :
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Virtues
                   are
                   both
                   together
                   as
                   well
                   Goods
                   of
                   Action
                   ,
                   as
                   relating
                   to
                   the
                   End
                   :
                   For
                   as
                   they
                   compleat
                   Happiness
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   
                     Effective
                     Goods
                  
                   ;
                   but
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   but
                   Parts
                   of
                   Happiness
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   only
                   
                     Final
                     Goods
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   the
                   same
                   Distinction
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   of
                   Evils
                   :
                   For
                   an
                   Enemy
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Mischiefs
                   that
                   proceed
                   from
                   him
                   ,
                   are
                   
                     Effective
                     Evils
                  
                   .
                   But
                   
                     Stupidity
                     ,
                     Pusilanimity
                     ,
                     Servitude
                     ,
                     Vexation
                     ,
                     Grief
                  
                   and
                   Sadness
                   ,
                   and
                   every
                   evil
                   Action
                   ,
                   are
                   
                     Final
                     Evils
                  
                   :
                   For
                   compleating
                   Infelicity
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   Effective
                   ;
                   but
                   as
                   they
                   are
                   only
                   Parts
                   of
                   Infelicity
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   no
                   more
                   then
                   
                     Final
                     Evils
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Then
                   again
                   ,
                   the
                   Goods
                   of
                   the
                   Mind
                   ,
                   are
                   distingnish'd
                   into
                   Habits
                   and
                   Inclinations
                   ,
                   or
                   Affections
                   ;
                   and
                   some
                   are
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   neither
                   the
                   one
                   ,
                   nor
                   the
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Inclinations
                   are
                   the
                   Virtues
                   themselves
                   :
                   the
                   Habits
                   are
                   our
                   Studies
                   :
                   Common
                   Energies
                   or
                   Actions
                   ,
                   are
                   those
                   Things
                   which
                   are
                   neither
                   Habits
                   ,
                   nor
                   Inclinations
                   .
                   Those
                   good
                   Things
                   which
                   are
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   
                   Mixt
                   ,
                   are
                   
                     Numerous
                     Off-spring
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Healthy
                     Old
                     Age.
                  
                   But
                   the
                   single
                   and
                   only
                   Good
                   is
                   
                     Knowledge
                     .
                     Present
                     Goods
                  
                   ,
                   are
                   the
                   Virtues
                   themselves
                   ;
                   but
                   not
                   always
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   Joy
                   and
                   Walking
                   :
                   Now
                   every
                   Good
                   Thing
                   is
                   Beneficial
                   ,
                   Expedient
                   ,
                   Profitable
                   ,
                   Useful
                   ,
                   Commodious
                   ,
                   Honourable
                   ,
                   Comfortable
                   ,
                   Desirable
                   ,
                   and
                   Just
                   .
                
                 
                   Beneficial
                   ,
                   because
                   we
                   receive
                   Advantage
                   by
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   Expedient
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   contains
                   what
                   is
                   requisite
                   ,
                   and
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   .
                
                 
                   Profitable
                   ,
                   because
                   we
                   gain
                   by
                   it
                   ;
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   it
                   dissolves
                   our
                   repining
                   at
                   Expence
                   ,
                   by
                   raising
                   the
                   Compensations
                   in
                   Traffic
                   above
                   our
                   Necessities
                   ,
                   and
                   readily
                   pay
                   to
                   be
                   rid
                   of
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   Vseful
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   affords
                   us
                   Assistance
                   in
                   our
                   Wants
                   .
                
                 
                   Honourable
                   ,
                   because
                   Praise-worthy
                   .
                
                 
                   Comfortable
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   affords
                   us
                   Content
                   and
                   Satisfaction
                   .
                
                 
                   Desirable
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   preferr'd
                   before
                   other
                   Things
                   :
                   And
                   ,
                
                 
                   Just
                   ,
                   because
                   according
                   to
                   Law
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   it
                   begets
                   Society
                   .
                
                 
                   Honesty
                   ,
                   they
                   call'd
                   a
                   
                     Perfect
                     Good
                  
                   ;
                   as
                   consisting
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Numbers
                   sought
                   for
                   by
                   Nature
                   ,
                   and
                   Exactness
                   of
                   Symmetry
                   .
                   And
                   of
                   Honesty
                   ,
                   they
                   asserted
                   Four
                   Kinds
                   .
                   
                   Just
                   ,
                   Stout
                   ,
                   Modest
                   ,
                   and
                   Scientifical
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   in
                   these
                   all
                   Honest
                   Actions
                   are
                   contain'd
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   by
                   the
                   same
                   Reason
                   ,
                   they
                   divided
                   Dishonest
                   into
                   Four
                   Parts
                   ;
                   Unjust
                   ,
                   Cowardly
                   ,
                   Immodest
                   ,
                   and
                   Senceless
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   singly
                   ,
                   they
                   define
                   Honesty
                   to
                   be
                   that
                   which
                   raises
                   Men
                   to
                   Esteem
                   ,
                   as
                   possessing
                   a
                   Good
                   that
                   deserves
                   the
                   general
                   Applause
                   :
                   or
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   as
                   truly
                   born
                   to
                   do
                   their
                   own
                   Work
                   ;
                   or
                   after
                   another
                   manner
                   ,
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   Ornament
                   ;
                   as
                   when
                   they
                   pronounce
                   a
                   Wise
                   Man
                   only
                   to
                   be
                   honourably
                   Good.
                   For
                   Hecato
                   and
                   Chrysippus
                   affirm
                   Honesty
                   alone
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   greatest
                   Good
                   ;
                   alledging
                   it
                   also
                   to
                   be
                   Virtue
                   ,
                   and
                   participant
                   of
                   Virtue
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   for
                   Goodness
                   to
                   be
                   esteemed
                   honest
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   Honesty
                   to
                   be
                   priz'd
                   for
                   good
                   :
                   For
                   by
                   reason
                   it
                   is
                   good
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   honest
                   ;
                   and
                   because
                   't
                   is
                   honest
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   good
                   .
                
                 
                   Thus
                   they
                   hold
                   all
                   good
                   things
                   to
                   be
                   equal
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   all
                   Good
                   is
                   chiefly
                   to
                   be
                   desir'd
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   it
                   neither
                   admits
                   of
                   less
                   or
                   more
                   .
                
                 
                   All
                   Beings
                   ,
                   they
                   affirm
                   some
                   to
                   be
                   good
                   ,
                   some
                   to
                   be
                   bad
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   indifferent
                   .
                
                 
                   Among
                   Beings
                   that
                   are
                   good
                   ,
                   they
                   number
                   
                     Wisdom
                     ,
                     Justice
                     ,
                     Fortitude
                     ,
                     Temperance
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                 
                   Among
                   Beings
                   that
                   are
                   evil
                   ,
                   
                     Imprudence
                     ,
                     Injustice
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   Number
                   of
                   indifferent
                   Things
                   ,
                   they
                   reckon
                   those
                   Things
                   which
                   neither
                   do
                   Hurt
                   ,
                   nor
                   Good
                   :
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     Life
                     ,
                     Health
                     ,
                     Pleasure
                     ,
                     Strength
                     ,
                     Beauty
                     ,
                     Wealth
                     ,
                     Honour
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Nobility
                   .
                   And
                   the
                   contary
                   to
                   these
                   :
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     Death
                     ,
                     Sickness
                     ,
                     Labour
                     ,
                     Shame
                     ,
                     Infirmity
                     ,
                     Poverty
                     ,
                     Dishonour
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   to
                   these
                   .
                   Which
                   was
                   the
                   Opinion
                   of
                   
                     Hecato
                     ,
                     Chrysippus
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Apollodorus
                   ,
                   in
                   their
                   Moral
                   Writings
                   :
                   for
                   that
                   these
                   things
                   are
                   neither
                   good
                   nor
                   evil
                   ;
                   but
                   things
                   indifferent
                   specifically
                   
                   produc'd
                   .
                   For
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   Property
                   of
                   Heat
                   to
                   warm
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   cool
                   ;
                   so
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   Property
                   of
                   Good
                   ,
                   to
                   do
                   good
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   harm
                   .
                   But
                   Riches
                   and
                   Health
                   do
                   as
                   much
                   hurt
                   as
                   good
                   ;
                   and
                   those
                   things
                   of
                   which
                   we
                   make
                   a
                   good
                   or
                   bad
                   Use
                   ,
                   are
                   not
                   good
                   ;
                   but
                   we
                   may
                   make
                   either
                   a
                   good
                   or
                   bad
                   Use
                   of
                   Riches
                   or
                   Wealth
                   ,
                   therefore
                   neither
                   are
                   perfectly
                   good
                   ;
                   tho
                   Possidonius
                   be
                   of
                   another
                   Opinion
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   neither
                   will
                   Hecato
                   nor
                   Chrysippus
                   allow
                   Pleasure
                   to
                   be
                   good
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   filthy
                   and
                   unlawful
                   Pleasures
                   ;
                   and
                   nothing
                   that
                   is
                   filthy
                   and
                   unlawful
                   can
                   be
                   good
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   Use
                   of
                   Motion
                   and
                   Strength
                   is
                   only
                   profitable
                   ,
                   when
                   virtuously
                   made
                   Use
                   of
                   ;
                   but
                   evil
                   ,
                   when
                   made
                   instrumental
                   to
                   Mischief
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   
                     Indifferent
                     Things
                  
                   are
                   Two-fold
                   ;
                   either
                   such
                   as
                   contribute
                   neither
                   to
                   Felicity
                   ,
                   or
                   Infelicity
                   :
                   Such
                   are
                   
                     Riches
                     ,
                     Honour
                     ,
                     Strength
                     ,
                     Health
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   
                   For
                   that
                   a
                   Man
                   may
                   be
                   happy
                   without
                   all
                   these
                   Things
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   bring
                   a
                   Man
                   as
                   well
                   to
                   Infelicity
                   as
                   Happiness
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   next
                   Place
                   ,
                   they
                   define
                   
                     Indifferent
                     Things
                  
                   ,
                   as
                   are
                   endu'd
                   neither
                   with
                   Desire
                   ,
                   or
                   Aversion
                   :
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     Whether
                     a
                     Man
                     have
                     an
                     even
                     or
                     odd
                     Number
                     of
                     Hairs
                     ,
                     whether
                     much
                     or
                     little
                     Hair
                     ,
                  
                   or
                   ,
                   
                     whether
                     his
                     Fingers
                     be
                     straight
                     or
                     crooked
                     .
                  
                   For
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   
                     Indifferent
                     Things
                  
                   incite
                   both
                   to
                   Desire
                   and
                   Detestation
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   out
                   of
                   those
                   they
                   ●ull
                   out
                   others
                   that
                   are
                   altogether
                   indifferent
                   ,
                   whether
                   to
                   be
                   desir'd
                   ,
                   or
                   avoided
                   :
                   Of
                   which
                   sort
                   ,
                   they
                   call
                   the
                   one
                   Produc'd
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   
                     Rejected
                     .
                     Produc'd
                  
                   ,
                   those
                   Things
                   which
                   deserve
                   Esteem
                   :
                   Rejected
                   ,
                   those
                   Things
                   that
                   are
                   of
                   no
                   Value
                   .
                   Worth
                   or
                   Esteem
                   ,
                   they
                   define
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Combination
                   of
                   Virtues
                   to
                   a
                   consentaneous
                   Life
                   ,
                   wholly
                   intent
                   upon
                   all
                   that
                   is
                   Good.
                   Then
                   there
                   is
                   another
                   sort
                   of
                   Esteem
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   midling
                   Efficacy
                   ,
                   conducing
                   to
                   a
                   Life
                   according
                   to
                   Nature
                   ,
                   which
                   arises
                   from
                   Health
                   and
                   Riches
                   ;
                   if
                   they
                   conduce
                   any
                   thing
                   to
                   a
                   Natural
                   Life
                   .
                   Then
                   there
                   is
                   an
                   Esteem
                   in
                   Exchange
                   ,
                   which
                   Men
                   that
                   are
                   skill'd
                   
                   in
                   Commerce
                   vary
                   as
                   they
                   see
                   occasion
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Exchange
                   of
                   Wheat
                   for
                   Barly
                   .
                   Produc'd
                   Things
                   have
                   therefore
                   their
                   intrinsic
                   Value
                   :
                   as
                   amongst
                   Things
                   that
                   proceed
                   from
                   the
                   Soul
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     Ingenuity
                     ,
                     Art
                     ,
                     Advancement
                     in
                     Learning
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   
                   Among
                   Corporeal
                   Things
                   ,
                   
                     Life
                     ,
                     Health
                     ,
                     Strength
                     ,
                     a
                     good
                     Habit
                     of
                     Body
                     ,
                  
                   *
                   
                     Proportionate
                     Limbs
                     ,
                     Beauty
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   Among
                   Things
                   External
                   
                     Riches
                     ,
                     Honour
                     ,
                     Nobility
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Rejected
                   :
                   Among
                   Things
                   that
                   relate
                   to
                   the
                   Mind
                   ,
                   are
                   Ignorance
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   Among
                   Corporeal
                   Things
                   ;
                   
                     Death
                     ,
                     Sickness
                     ,
                     Infirmity
                     ,
                     Shame
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   .
                   Among
                   External
                   Things
                   ;
                   
                     Poverty
                     ,
                     Baseness
                     of
                     Birth
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   .
                
                 
                   Produc'd
                   Things
                   ,
                   are
                   also
                   produc'd
                   for
                   their
                   own
                   ,
                   or
                   for
                   the
                   sake
                   of
                   others
                   ;
                   and
                   some
                   both
                   for
                   their
                   own
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   sake
                   of
                   others
                   too
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   first
                   sor●
                   ▪
                   are
                   Ingenuity
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Advancement
                     in
                     Learning
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   For
                   the
                   sake
                   of
                   other
                   Things
                   ,
                   
                     Riches
                     ,
                     Nobility
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   .
                   For
                   their
                   own
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   sake
                   of
                   other
                   Things
                   ,
                   
                     Vigor
                     of
                     Mind
                     ,
                     Quickness
                     of
                     Sence
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   
                     Security
                     from
                     Danger
                  
                   .
                   And
                   the
                   same
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   said
                   of
                   their
                   Contraries
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Duty
                   ,
                   they
                   define
                   to
                   be
                   that
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   adher'd
                   to
                   ,
                   a
                   commendable
                   Reason
                   may
                   be
                   given
                   for
                   its
                   being
                   requir'd
                   by
                   Life
                   it self
                   :
                   Which
                   extends
                   also
                   to
                   Plants
                   and
                   Animals
                   ;
                   for
                   there
                   are
                   certain
                   Duties
                   to
                   be
                   discern'd
                   in
                   them
                   .
                   Which
                   Word
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                   Zeno
                   first
                   deriv'd
                   from
                   the
                   Verb
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                   
                     to
                     come
                  
                   ;
                   because
                   the
                   Duty
                   comes
                   into
                   all
                   Creatures
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   he
                   calls
                   it
                   an
                   Operation
                   proper
                   to
                   all
                   the
                   Structures
                   of
                   Nature
                   :
                   For
                   among
                   those
                   things
                   that
                   are
                   actuated
                   by
                   Desire
                   ,
                   some
                   are
                   Duties
                   ,
                   others
                   are
                   contrary
                   to
                   Duty
                   .
                
                 
                   Duty
                   therefore
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   Reason
                   chuses
                   to
                   do
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     to
                     honour
                     our
                     Parents
                     ,
                     our
                     Elders
                     our
                     Country
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   
                     to
                     assist
                     our
                     Friends
                     .
                     Vndutiful
                     Acts
                     ,
                  
                   which
                   Reason
                   refuses
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     to
                     slight
                     our
                     Parents
                     ,
                     neglect
                     our
                     Brethren
                     ,
                     to
                     be
                     unkind
                     to
                     our
                     Friends
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     scorn
                     our
                     Country
                     .
                  
                   But
                   what
                   Reason
                   neither
                   commands
                   ,
                   nor
                   forbids
                   ,
                   those
                   things
                   are
                   neither
                   Duties
                   ,
                   nor
                   
                     Vndutiful
                     Acts
                     ▪
                  
                   as
                   ,
                   for
                   a
                   man
                   
                     to
                     take
                     up
                     a
                     Fescue
                     fallen
                     to
                     the
                     Ground
                     ,
                     to
                     hold
                     a
                     Pen
                     ,
                  
                   〈…〉
                   *
                   Strigil
                   
                     for
                     another
                  
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Other
                   Duties
                   there
                   are
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   neglected
                   ,
                   do
                   no
                   great
                   harm
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     to
                     be
                     careless
                     of
                     a
                     Man's
                     Health
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   
                   Others
                   ,
                   the
                   Neglect
                   of
                   which
                   proves
                   mischievous
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     when
                     a
                     Man
                     ,
                     regardless
                     of
                     himself
                     ,
                     maims
                     or
                     wounds
                     his
                     own
                     Body
                     ,
                     or
                     wastes
                     his
                     Estate
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Again
                   ,
                   Some
                   Duties
                   are
                   alwa●s
                   to
                   be
                   perform'd
                   ;
                   others
                   ,
                   not
                   at
                   all
                   times
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   first
                   sort
                   ,
                   are
                   ,
                   
                     putting
                     and
                     answering
                     of
                     Questions
                     ,
                     Walking
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   
                   And
                   then
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   Midling
                   Duty
                   ;
                   for
                   
                     Children
                     to
                     obey
                     their
                     Teachers
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   say
                   ,
                   the
                   Soul
                   is
                   divided
                   into
                   eight
                   Parts
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   the
                   Five
                   Senses
                   are
                   five
                   Parts
                   ,
                   the
                   Instrument
                   of
                   Voice
                   and
                   Cogitation
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   Mind
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Generative
                   Faculty
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Distraction
                   of
                   the
                   Mind
                   was
                   occasion'd
                   by
                   Falshood
                   ,
                   that
                   brought
                   forth
                   a
                   thousand
                   Perturbations
                   ,
                   which
                   occasion'd
                   that
                   inconstant
                   Agitation
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   Passion
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   Zen●
                   ,
                   is
                   an
                   irrational
                   and
                   preternatural
                   Motion
                   ,
                   or
                   inordinate
                   Violence
                   of
                   the
                   Soul.
                   
                
                 
                   They
                   distinguish'd
                   Perturbations
                   into
                   Four
                   Sorts
                   ;
                   
                     Pain
                     ,
                     Fear
                     ,
                     Conenpiscence
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Pleasure
                   .
                   And
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   Assertion
                   of
                   Chrysippus
                   ,
                   That
                   these
                   Perturbations
                   proceed
                   from
                   Opinion
                   .
                   Thus
                   Covetousness
                   arises
                   from
                   a
                   Conceit
                   that
                   Money
                   is
                   a
                   
                   Thing
                   to
                   be
                   desir'd
                   .
                   In
                   like
                   manner
                   ,
                   Drunkenness
                   and
                   Intemperance
                   proceed
                   from
                   an
                   Opinion
                   that
                   those
                   Things
                   are
                   delightful
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   hold
                   also
                   ,
                   That
                   Grief
                   is
                   an
                   irrational
                   Contraction
                   of
                   the
                   Mind
                   .
                   The
                   several
                   Species's
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   they
                   affirm
                   to
                   be
                   ,
                   
                     Pity
                     ,
                     Envy
                     ,
                     Emulation
                     ,
                     Jealousie
                     ,
                     Trouble
                     ,
                     Vexation
                     ,
                     Sadness
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Confusion
                   .
                
                 
                   Pity
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   certain
                   Grief
                   for
                   an
                   Injury
                   done
                   to
                   another
                   .
                
                 
                   Envy
                   ,
                   a
                   repining
                   at
                   another's
                   Prosperity
                   .
                
                 
                   Emulation
                   ,
                   a
                   Grief
                   ,
                   that
                   another
                   enjoys
                   what
                   he
                   desires
                   .
                
                 
                   Jealousie
                   ,
                   That
                   another
                   enjoys
                   what
                   he
                   possesses
                   .
                
                 
                   Trouble
                   ,
                   the
                   Weight
                   of
                   Sorrow
                   .
                
                 
                   Vexation
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   contracting
                   Grief
                   ,
                   that
                   proceeds
                   from
                   Distress
                   ,
                   and
                   opposing
                   Difficulties
                   .
                
                 
                   Sadness
                   ,
                   a
                   painful
                   Sorrow
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   Confusion
                   ,
                   an
                   irrational
                   Sorrow
                   ,
                   that
                   preys
                   upon
                   the
                   Spirits
                   ,
                   and
                   hinders
                   a
                   man
                   from
                   seeing
                   the
                   Remedies
                   that
                   are
                   before
                   him
                   .
                
                 
                   Fear
                   ,
                   they
                   hold
                   to
                   be
                   an
                   Expectancy
                   of
                   Misfortune
                   ;
                   to
                   which
                   they
                   refer
                   
                     Terror
                     ,
                     Sloth
                     ,
                     Shame
                     ,
                     Consternation
                     ,
                     Tumultuary
                     Perplexity
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Agony
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Terror
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Fear
                   that
                   causes
                   Quivering
                   ,
                   and
                   Trepidation
                   .
                
                 
                   Shame
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   Fear
                   of
                   Ignominy
                   .
                
                 
                   Sloth
                   ,
                   The
                   Fear
                   of
                   being
                   put
                   to
                   hard
                   Labour
                   .
                
                 
                   Consternation
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Fear
                   proceeding
                   from
                   some
                   unwonted
                   and
                   dismal
                   Accident
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Tumultuary
                     Perplexity
                  
                   ,
                   When
                   a
                   Man's
                   Thoughts
                   are
                   at
                   a
                   Non-plus
                   ,
                   accompany'd
                   with
                   a
                   failing
                   and
                   haesitation
                   of
                   the
                   Speech
                   .
                
                 
                   Agony
                   ,
                   The
                   Dread
                   of
                   something
                   that
                   does
                   not
                   appear
                   .
                
                 
                   Concupiscence
                   ,
                   they
                   assert
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   an
                   irrational
                   Desire
                   :
                   To
                   which
                   they
                   refer
                   
                     Indigence
                     ,
                     Hatred
                     ,
                     Contention
                     ,
                     Love
                     ,
                     Wrath
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Choler
                   .
                
                 
                   Indigency
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Desire
                   of
                   that
                   we
                   do
                   not
                   enjoy
                   ;
                   and
                   which
                   being
                   at
                   a
                   distance
                   from
                   our
                   Possession
                   ,
                   we
                   eagerly
                   pant
                   after
                   .
                
                 
                   Hatred
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   wish
                   Mischief
                   to
                   another
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   with
                   Heart
                   and
                   good
                   Will.
                   
                
                 
                   Contention
                   ,
                   A
                   Desire
                   to
                   defend
                   and
                   maintain
                   our
                   own
                   Opinions
                   .
                
                 
                   Anger
                   ,
                   a
                   Desire
                   to
                   punish
                   those
                   that
                   we
                   believe
                   have
                   undeservedly
                   and
                   unworthily
                   injur'd
                   us
                   .
                
                 
                   Love
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Desire
                   not
                   incident
                   to
                   Good
                   
                   Men
                   ;
                   for
                   it
                   is
                   only
                   an
                   Industrious
                   Treachery
                   ,
                   for
                   Beauty's
                   sake
                
                 
                   Wrath
                   is
                   an
                   inveterate
                   Anger
                   ,
                   full
                   of
                   Hatred
                   ,
                   and
                   watching
                   Opportunity
                   to
                   satisfie
                   its
                   Rage
                   .
                   
                     
                       His
                       Raging
                       Anger
                       for
                       a
                       while
                    
                     
                       Within
                       his
                       Breast
                       may
                       seem
                       to
                       boil
                       ;
                    
                     
                       But
                       yet
                       his
                       Mind
                       will
                       never
                       change
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Till
                       he
                       has
                       had
                       his
                       full
                       Revenge
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Choler
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Passion
                   soon
                   hot
                   ,
                   soon
                   cold
                   .
                
                 
                   Pleasure
                   ,
                   They
                   define
                   to
                   be
                   an
                   irrational
                   longing
                   after
                   that
                   which
                   seems
                   to
                   be
                   desirable
                   .
                   Of
                   which
                   ,
                   they
                   number
                   up
                   these
                   several
                   sorts
                   :
                   
                     Tickling
                     Delight
                     ,
                     Insulting
                     Joy
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Excess
                     of
                     Joy.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Tickling
                     Delight
                  
                   is
                   the
                   Pleasure
                   that
                   comes
                   by
                   the
                   Ear.
                   
                
                 
                   Insulting
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   Rejoycing
                   at
                   another
                   Man's
                   Misfortunes
                   .
                
                 
                   Joy
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   Relaxation
                   of
                   the
                   Mind
                   ,
                   alluring
                   to
                   Pleasure
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Excess
                     of
                     Joy
                  
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   Dissolution
                   of
                   Virtue
                   abandoning
                   it self
                   to
                   forbidden
                   Liberty
                   :
                   For
                   as
                   the
                   Body
                   labours
                   under
                   several
                   Distempers
                   ;
                   so
                   are
                   immoderate
                   Desires
                   of
                   Pleasure
                   and
                   Glory
                   ,
                   the
                   Diseases
                   of
                   the
                   Mind
                   .
                
                 
                   Sickness
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Distemper
                   accompany'd
                   with
                   infirmities
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   A
                   Disease
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   vehement
                   Longing
                   after
                   that
                   which
                   seems
                   delectable
                   .
                   And
                   as
                   some
                   Diseases
                   happen
                   accidentally
                   in
                   the
                   Body
                   ,
                   as
                   Catarr●s
                   and
                   Diarrhaea's
                   ;
                   in
                   like
                   manner
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   certain
                   irregular
                   Pronenesses
                   and
                   Inclinations
                   of
                   the
                   Mind
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Habit
                     of
                     Envy
                     ,
                     Vncompassionateness
                     ,
                     Contentions
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   assert
                   Three
                   good
                   Qualities
                   ;
                   
                     Gladness
                     ,
                     Circumspection
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Will.
                   
                
                 
                   Gladness
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   is
                   contrary
                   to
                   Pleasure
                   ,
                   being
                   a
                   laudable
                   Exultation
                   of
                   the
                   Mind
                   .
                
                 
                   Circumspection
                   ,
                   is
                   contrary
                   to
                   Fear
                   ;
                   being
                   a
                   commendable
                   shunning
                   and
                   prevention
                   of
                   Evil
                   ;
                   for
                   a
                   wise
                   Man
                   cannot
                   fear
                   ,
                   but
                   may
                   be
                   circumspect
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Will
                   ,
                   they
                   hold
                   to
                   be
                   contrary
                   to
                   Appetite
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   a
                   lawful
                   and
                   regular
                   Desire
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   the
                   Will
                   they
                   refer
                   
                     Benevolence
                     ,
                     Pleasantness
                     of
                     Humor
                     ,
                     Friendly
                     Salutation
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   
                     Loving
                     Kindness
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   
                     Gladness
                     ,
                     Jocondry
                     ,
                     Chearfulness
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Tranquility
                     of
                     Mind
                     ▪
                  
                   For
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   That
                   a
                   wise
                   man
                   always
                   keeps
                   himself
                   in
                   a
                   sedate
                   and
                   quiet
                   Temper
                   ,
                   free
                   from
                   Passion
                   .
                   In
                   another
                   Sence
                   also
                   a
                   wicked
                   Man
                   may
                   be
                   free
                   from
                   Passion
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   no
                   more
                   then
                   to
                   say
                   that
                   he
                   is
                   obdurate
                   and
                   immoveable
                   in
                   his
                   Resolutions
                   :
                   Nor
                   
                   can
                   a
                   wise
                   Man
                   be
                   vainly
                   pufft
                   up
                   with
                   Pride
                   ;
                   for
                   his
                   Esteem
                   of
                   Honour
                   is
                   equal
                   to
                   his
                   Scorn
                   of
                   Ignominy
                   ;
                   and
                   it
                   may
                   so
                   happen
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   wicked
                   Man
                   may
                   be
                   as
                   little
                   addicted
                   to
                   arrogant
                   Vanity
                   ;
                   as
                   being
                   one
                   to
                   whom
                   Honour
                   and
                   Ignominy
                   are
                   the
                   same
                   Thing
                   .
                
                 
                   Wise
                   Men
                   also
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   are
                   all
                   morose
                   and
                   rigid
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   never
                   talk
                   of
                   Pleasure
                   themselves
                   ,
                   nor
                   admit
                   others
                   to
                   discourse
                   of
                   it
                   to
                   Them.
                   And
                   there
                   is
                   another
                   sort
                   of
                   Austerity
                   ,
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   compar'd
                   to
                   sowr
                   Wine
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   us'd
                   in
                   Physic
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   also
                   say
                   ,
                   That
                   Wise
                   Men
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   sincere
                   ;
                   and
                   to
                   be
                   cautious
                   how
                   they
                   appear
                   to
                   outward
                   shew
                   better
                   then
                   they
                   are
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   only
                   Iniquity
                   masks
                   and
                   paints
                   it self
                   ;
                   but
                   Honesty
                   always
                   delights
                   to
                   shew
                   it self
                   Bare-fac'd
                   .
                   That
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   no
                   great
                   Lovers
                   of
                   Business
                   ,
                   which
                   many
                   times
                   draws
                   'em
                   from
                   their
                   Duty
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   they
                   should
                   beware
                   of
                   Drunkenness
                   ,
                   which
                   causes
                   Madness
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Loss
                   of
                   the
                   Sences
                   for
                   a
                   time
                   .
                   Yet
                   it
                   may
                   happen
                   that
                   they
                   may
                   have
                   extravagant
                   Thoughts
                   ,
                   through
                   the
                   Redundancy
                   of
                   Black
                   Melancholy
                   ;
                   not
                   that
                   their
                   Reason
                   fails
                   'em
                   ;
                   but
                   because
                   Nature
                   is
                   weak
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Nor
                   ought
                   a
                   Wise
                   Man
                   to
                   submit
                   himself
                   to
                   Grief
                   ;
                   in
                   regard
                   that
                   Passion
                   is
                   a
                   Rational
                   Contraction
                   of
                   the
                   Soul
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   Apollodorus
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Morals
                   .
                
                 
                   Also
                   ,
                   That
                   they
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   Religious
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   skill'd
                   in
                   the
                   Sacred
                   Constitutions
                   ;
                   as
                   enjoying
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Divinity
                   within
                   themselves
                   .
                   Whereas
                   the
                   Irreligious
                   are
                   without
                   any
                   Divinity
                   as
                   being
                   contrary
                   to
                   the
                   truly
                   Pio●s
                   .
                
                 
                   Piety
                   ,
                   they
                   define
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Knowledge
                   of
                   Divine
                   Worship
                   :
                   therefore
                   when
                   Wise
                   Men
                   Sacrifice
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   it
                   behoves
                   'em
                   to
                   be
                   chast
                   and
                   pure
                   ;
                   as
                   detesting
                   all
                   Transgressions
                   against
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   by
                   whom
                   they
                   are
                   belov'd
                   so
                   long
                   as
                   they
                   remain
                   sincere
                   and
                   holy
                   .
                   More
                   especially
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Priests
                   should
                   be
                   Wise
                   Men
                   ,
                   to
                   whom
                   the
                   Care
                   of
                   the
                   Sacrifices
                   ,
                   the
                   Temples
                   ,
                   Processions
                   ,
                   Purifications
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Ceremonies
                   due
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   is
                   committed
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   next
                   Reverence
                   to
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   due
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   paid
                   to
                   Parents
                   and
                   Brothers
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   Wise
                   Men
                   are
                   naturally
                   indulgent
                   and
                   affectionate
                   to
                   their
                   Children
                   ,
                   which
                   Wicked
                   Men
                   are
                   not
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   believe
                   all
                   Transgressions
                   to
                   be
                   alike
                   ;
                   as
                   
                     Chrysippus
                     ,
                     Persaeus
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Zeno
                   acknowledge
                   .
                   For
                   as
                   Truth
                   is
                   not
                   more
                   true
                   
                   then
                   Truth
                   ,
                   nor
                   Falshood
                   then
                   Falshood
                   ;
                   so
                   Fraud
                   cannot
                   be
                   greater
                   then
                   Fraud
                   ,
                   nor
                   Sin
                   then
                   Sin
                   :
                   For
                   he
                   that
                   is
                   a
                   hundred
                   Furlongs
                   distant
                   from
                   Canopus
                   ,
                   is
                   no
                   more
                   in
                   Canopus
                   ,
                   then
                   he
                   that
                   is
                   but
                   one
                   Furlong
                   distant
                   from
                   it
                   ;
                   so
                   they
                   that
                   offend
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   ,
                   are
                   equally
                   Transgressors
                   .
                   But
                   ,
                
                 
                   Heraclides
                   of
                   Tarsus
                   ,
                   an
                   intimate
                   Acquaintance
                   of
                   Antipater
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   City
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   Athenodorus
                   ,
                   are
                   both
                   of
                   a
                   contrary
                   Opinion
                   ;
                   That
                   some
                   Offences
                   are
                   more
                   heinous
                   then
                   others
                   .
                
                 
                   Chrysippus
                   also
                   asserts
                   ,
                   That
                   a
                   Wise
                   Man
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   reserv'd
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   he
                   will
                   undertake
                   the
                   Management
                   of
                   Public
                   Affairs
                   ,
                   unless
                   he
                   meet
                   with
                   any
                   Impediment
                   ;
                   knowing
                   that
                   he
                   may
                   be
                   a
                   means
                   to
                   prevent
                   the
                   Growth
                   of
                   Vice
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   excite
                   his
                   Fellow-Citizens
                   to
                   Virtuous
                   Actions
                   .
                
                 
                   Also
                   ,
                   That
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   lawful
                   for
                   him
                   to
                   marry
                   for
                   the
                   Procreation
                   of
                   Off-spring
                   ;
                   which
                   Zeno
                   allows
                   in
                   his
                   Common-wealth
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   a
                   Wise
                   Man
                   will
                   not
                   obstinately
                   uphold
                   a
                   Falshood
                   ,
                   nor
                   assent
                   to
                   a
                   Lye
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   he
                   will
                   embrace
                   the
                   Cynic
                   Sect
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   a
                   near
                   way
                   to
                   Virtue
                   ;
                   as
                   Apollodorus
                   confesses
                   in
                   his
                   Morals
                   :
                   That
                   he
                   will
                   taste
                   of
                   Human
                   Flesh
                   ,
                   if
                   necessary
                   Chance
                   constrain
                   him
                   :
                   That
                   the
                   wise
                   
                   Man
                   is
                   the
                   only
                   Free-Man
                   ,
                   all
                   Evil
                   Men
                   being
                   no
                   more
                   then
                   Slaves
                   :
                   For
                   ▪
                   that
                   Liberty
                   is
                   the
                   Power
                   of
                   acting
                   according
                   to
                   a
                   Man
                   's
                   own
                   Will
                   ,
                   which
                   Evil
                   Men
                   cannot
                   do
                   :
                   Servitude
                   the
                   Privation
                   of
                   acting
                   freely
                   :
                   Of
                   which
                   there
                   is
                   one
                   sort
                   that
                   consists
                   in
                   Subjection
                   ;
                   and
                   another
                   sort
                   ,
                   in
                   Possession
                   and
                   Subjection
                   .
                   To
                   which
                   ,
                   Lordship
                   and
                   Mastership
                   are
                   Opposites
                   ,
                   and
                   evil
                   in
                   themselves
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   Wise
                   Men
                   are
                   not
                   only
                   Free-Men
                   ,
                   but
                   Princes
                   ;
                   as
                   Governing
                   a
                   Kingdom
                   subject
                   to
                   none
                   ;
                   which
                   can
                   be
                   asserted
                   only
                   of
                   Wise
                   Men
                   ;
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Opinion
                   of
                   Chrysippus
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   must
                   be
                   acknowledg'd
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Prince
                   of
                   Good
                   and
                   Evil
                   Things
                   ,
                   which
                   Power
                   no
                   Wicked
                   Man
                   can
                   assume
                   to
                   himself
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   like
                   manner
                   ,
                   They
                   are
                   the
                   only
                   Persons
                   fit
                   for
                   Magistracy
                   ,
                   for
                   Judicature
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   plead
                   at
                   the
                   Bar
                   ,
                   and
                   no
                   others
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   that
                   they
                   cannot
                   well
                   commit
                   an
                   Error
                   ,
                   as
                   not
                   being
                   easily
                   corrupted
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   circumspect
                   ,
                   and
                   no
                   less
                   wary
                   of
                   wronging
                   others
                   ,
                   as
                   of
                   injuring
                   themselves
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   guided
                   by
                   false
                   Pity
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   not
                   apt
                   to
                   pardon
                   Offenders
                   ,
                   or
                   remit
                   the
                   Punishments
                   ordain'd
                   by
                   the
                   Law.
                   For
                   neither
                   Severity
                   nor
                   Pity
                   ,
                   nor
                   Equity
                   it self
                   begets
                   any
                   
                   Mercy
                   in
                   the
                   Soul
                   in
                   matter
                   of
                   Punishment
                   ;
                   nor
                   are
                   they
                   counted
                   the
                   more
                   cruel
                   for
                   the
                   Punishments
                   which
                   they
                   inflict
                   .
                
                 
                   Neither
                   does
                   a
                   Wise
                   Man
                   admire
                   at
                   any
                   of
                   those
                   Things
                   ,
                   which
                   to
                   others
                   seem
                   Wonders
                   and
                   Paradoxes
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   Abysses
                   ,
                   the
                   Ebbing
                   and
                   Flowing
                   of
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                   Hot
                   Springs
                   ,
                   or
                   Mountains
                   vomiting
                   Fire
                   .
                
                 
                   Neither
                   would
                   a
                   Wise
                   Man
                   be
                   confin'd
                   to
                   a
                   Desert
                   :
                   For
                   Nature
                   loves
                   Familiarity
                   ,
                   and
                   delights
                   in
                   Action
                   and
                   Exercise
                   ,
                   to
                   keep
                   the
                   Body
                   in
                   Health
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Good
                   and
                   Wise
                   Man
                   also
                   will
                   pray
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   crave
                   Blessings
                   at
                   their
                   Hands
                   .
                   So
                   say
                   Possidonius
                   and
                   Hecato
                   :
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Book
                   of
                   Offices
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   latter
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Paradoxes
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   affirm
                   ,
                   That
                   ▪
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   true
                   Friendship
                   ,
                   but
                   only
                   among
                   Good
                   Men
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   occasion'd
                   by
                   the
                   Sympathy
                   of
                   Dispositions
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   Society
                   is
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   imparting
                   in
                   common
                   the
                   Necessaries
                   of
                   Life
                   ,
                   because
                   we
                   make
                   Use
                   of
                   our
                   Friends
                   as
                   of
                   our selves
                   ;
                   for
                   which
                   Reason
                   ,
                   they
                   desire
                   Friends
                   ,
                   and
                   esteem
                   it
                   a
                   Blessing
                   to
                   have
                   many
                   :
                   But
                   that
                   there
                   can
                   be
                   no
                   Friendship
                   among
                   Evil
                   Men.
                   
                
                 
                 
                   That
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   vain
                   Thing
                   to
                   contend
                   with
                   Evil
                   Men
                   :
                   For
                   that
                   all
                   Fools
                   are
                   mad
                   ,
                   or
                   act
                   with
                   a
                   Phrenzy
                   equal
                   to
                   Folly.
                   
                
                 
                   That
                   every
                   Wise
                   man
                   does
                   Good
                   ;
                   as
                   we
                   say
                   that
                   Ismenius
                   play'd
                   well
                   upon
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Wind-Music
                   .
                
                 
                   Besides
                   that
                   ,
                   all
                   Things
                   are
                   in
                   the
                   Power
                   of
                   a
                   Wise
                   man
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   Law
                   has
                   given
                   him
                   an
                   absolute
                   Authority
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   assert
                   ,
                   That
                   the
                   Virtues
                   are
                   lin●●
                   one
                   to
                   another
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   he
                   who
                   enjoys
                   one
                   ,
                   possesses
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   the
                   Speculation
                   of
                   Virtue
                   is
                   in
                   common
                   ;
                   as
                   both
                   
                     Chrysippus
                     ,
                     Apollodorus
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Hecato
                   severally
                   testifie
                   .
                
                 
                   Concomitants
                   to
                   Wisdom
                   ,
                   are
                   
                     Prosperity
                     in
                     Counsel
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Perspicacity
                   .
                
                 
                   Upon
                   Temperance
                   ,
                   Order
                   and
                   Modesty
                   attend
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   Justice
                   ,
                   Equity
                   and
                   Probity
                   are
                   Handmaids
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   Fortitude
                   is
                   attended
                   by
                   Resolution
                   and
                   Valour
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   allow
                   no
                   Medium
                   between
                   Virtue
                   and
                   Vice
                   :
                   For
                   as
                   a
                   Stick
                   may
                   be
                   either
                   streight
                   or
                   crooked
                   ,
                   so
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   with
                   Justice
                   or
                   Injustice
                   ;
                   yet
                   neither
                   can
                   Just
                   be
                   more
                   Just
                   ;
                   nor
                   Unjust
                   ,
                   more
                   Unjust
                   .
                
                 
                   Chrysippus
                   also
                   affirms
                   ,
                   That
                   Virtue
                   may
                   be
                   lost
                   ;
                   which
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   ,
                   Cleanthes
                   absolutely
                   denies
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   former
                   avers
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   lost
                   through
                   Drunkenness
                   or
                   Melancholy
                   ;
                   which
                   the
                   latter
                   will
                   not
                   allow
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   firm
                   footing
                   it
                   has
                   got
                   in
                   the
                   Soul
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   true
                   Virtue
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   desir'd
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   we
                   are
                   asham'd
                   when
                   we
                   do
                   ill
                   ,
                   because
                   we
                   know
                   there
                   is
                   nothing
                   good
                   ,
                   but
                   what
                   is
                   honourably
                   virtuous
                   ▪
                   and
                   this
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   suffices
                   to
                   render
                   us
                   happy
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Opinion
                   of
                   Zeno
                   and
                   Chrysippus
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Virtues
                   ;
                   and
                   of
                   Hecato
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   
                     Second
                     Book
                     ,
                     De
                     Bonis
                  
                   .
                   For
                   say
                   they
                   ,
                   If
                   Magnanimity
                   be
                   sufficient
                   to
                   raise
                   a
                   mans
                   Soul
                   to
                   such
                   a
                   lofty
                   pitch
                   ,
                   certainly
                   Virtue
                   must
                   be
                   sufficient
                   to
                   render
                   a
                   man
                   happy
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   able
                   to
                   contemn
                   all
                   Things
                   which
                   can
                   give
                   her
                   any
                   Trouble
                   .
                   However
                   ,
                   Panaetius
                   and
                   Possidonius
                   will
                   not
                   allow
                   this
                   prevailing
                   Sufficiency
                   in
                   Virtue
                   ;
                   but
                   affirm
                   the
                   Necessity
                   of
                   Health
                   ,
                   Riches
                   and
                   Strength
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   assistant
                   .
                   However
                   they
                   assert
                   ,
                   That
                   Virtue
                   cannot
                   be
                   lost
                   ;
                   contrary
                   to
                   Cleanthes
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   also
                   affirm
                   ,
                   That
                   Justice
                   is
                   Justice
                   by
                   Nature
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   by
                   Constitution
                   of
                   Law
                   ;
                   as
                   Love
                   it self
                   ,
                   and
                   right
                   Reason
                   are
                   ;
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Opinion
                   of
                   Chrysippus
                   in
                   his
                   Treatise
                   
                     De
                     Honesto
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   also
                   hold
                   ,
                   that
                   Discord
                   it self
                   is
                   not
                   contrary
                   to
                   Phylosophy
                   .
                   For
                   if
                   this
                   
                   were
                   not
                   true
                   ,
                   there
                   would
                   be
                   a
                   Deficiency
                   in
                   Life
                   it self
                   ;
                   as
                   Possidonius
                   affirms
                   .
                
                 
                   Chrysippus
                   also
                   asserts
                   the
                   
                     Liberal
                     Sciences
                  
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   great
                   Use
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Justice
                   :
                   And
                   Possidonius
                   maintains
                   the
                   same
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Book
                   
                     De
                     Officiis
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   same
                   Authors
                   aver
                   ,
                   That
                   we
                   are
                   not
                   just
                   to
                   other
                   Creatures
                   ,
                   because
                   of
                   the
                   Dissimilitude
                   that
                   is
                   between
                   us
                   and
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   allow
                   a
                   Wise
                   man
                   to
                   be
                   in
                   Love
                   with
                   young
                   Lads
                   ,
                   that
                   carry
                   in
                   their
                   more
                   beautiful
                   Aspects
                   the
                   Marks
                   of
                   Ingenuity
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Propensity
                   to
                   Virtue
                   ;
                   as
                   Zeno
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Common-Wealth
                   ,
                   and
                   Chrysippus
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Lives
                   ,
                   and
                   Apollodorus
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Ethics
                   ,
                   declare
                   .
                   For
                   Love
                   ,
                   say
                   they
                   ,
                   is
                   an
                   *
                   Endeavour
                   to
                   gain
                   Friendship
                   for
                   the
                   sake
                   of
                   appearing
                   Beauty
                   ;
                   nor
                   is
                   it
                   for
                   the
                   sake
                   of
                   Coition
                   ,
                   but
                   of
                   Friendship
                   .
                   Therefore
                   †
                   Thraso
                   ,
                   having
                   his
                   Mistress
                   wholly
                   at
                   his
                   Command
                   ,
                   abstain'd
                   from
                   her
                   ,
                   for
                   fear
                   of
                   being
                   hated
                   .
                   So
                   then
                   Love
                   is
                   a
                   Tie
                   of
                   Friendship
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   blam'd
                   ;
                   as
                   Chrysippus
                   acknowledges
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Love.
                   
                
                 
                   Beauty
                   ,
                   they
                   define
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Flower
                   of
                   Love.
                   Now
                   there
                   being
                   Three
                   Sorts
                   of
                   Lives
                   ,
                   the
                   Speculative
                   ,
                   the
                   Practical
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Rational
                   Life
                   ;
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   The
                   
                   Third
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   preferr'd
                   :
                   For
                   that
                   a
                   Rational
                   Creature
                   was
                   created
                   by
                   Nature
                   ,
                   sufficient
                   for
                   Contemplation
                   and
                   Practice
                   .
                   Farther
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   That
                   a
                   Wise
                   man
                   will
                   readily
                   surrender
                   his
                   Life
                   for
                   his
                   Country
                   and
                   his
                   Friend
                   ,
                   though
                   he
                   suffer
                   Torment
                   ,
                   Mutilation
                   of
                   Members
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   most
                   incurable
                   Diseases
                   .
                
                 
                   'T
                   is
                   their
                   Opinion
                   also
                   ,
                   That
                   Wives
                   should
                   be
                   in
                   common
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   a
                   man
                   might
                   make
                   Use
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   he
                   met
                   by
                   accident
                   ;
                   for
                   thus
                   Zeno
                   and
                   Chrysippus
                   both
                   ordain'd
                   in
                   their
                   Common-Wealths
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   they
                   will
                   all
                   have
                   the
                   same
                   Charity
                   and
                   Affection
                   for
                   their
                   Offspring
                   ;
                   and
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   Adultery
                   and
                   Jealousie
                   will
                   be
                   remov'd
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   World.
                   
                
                 
                   They
                   affirm
                   that
                   Common
                   wealth
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   best
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   mixture
                   of
                   Regal
                   and
                   Popular
                   Power
                   .
                   And
                   this
                   is
                   a
                   Brief
                   Accompt
                   of
                   their
                   Morality
                   ;
                   though
                   they
                   have
                   asserted
                   many
                   other
                   Opinions
                   ,
                   not
                   without
                   probable
                   Grounds
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   their
                   
                     Natural
                     Philosophy
                  
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   comprehended
                   under
                   the
                   Places
                   of
                   
                     Bodies
                     ,
                     Principles
                     ,
                     Elements
                     ,
                     Deities
                     ,
                  
                   the
                   
                     End
                     ,
                     Place
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Vacuum
                   :
                   Thus
                   specifically
                   .
                   But
                   generally
                   they
                   divide
                   it
                   into
                   Three
                   Places
                   :
                   Of
                   the
                   World
                   ;
                   of
                   the
                   Elements
                   ;
                   and
                   of
                   Causes
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   Place
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   they
                   divide
                   into
                   two
                   Parts
                   .
                   For
                   by
                   the
                   means
                   of
                   one
                   Consideration
                   ,
                   they
                   associate
                   to
                   themselves
                   the
                   Mathematics
                   ;
                   which
                   teach
                   'em
                   to
                   enquire
                   into
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                   the
                   wandring
                   and
                   fix'd
                   Stars
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   .
                   As
                   ,
                   Whether
                   the
                   Sun
                   be
                   as
                   big
                   as
                   he
                   seems
                   to
                   be
                   ?
                   And
                   the
                   same
                   concerning
                   the
                   Moon
                   ;
                   the
                   Rising
                   and
                   Setting
                   of
                   the
                   Stars
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   .
                   By
                   means
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   Speculation
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   only
                   proper
                   for
                   Naturalists
                   ,
                   they
                   enquire
                   ,
                   What
                   is
                   the
                   Substance
                   of
                   
                     Natural
                     Philosophy
                  
                   ?
                   what
                   the
                   Sun
                   is
                   ?
                   and
                   what
                   the
                   Stars
                   are
                   as
                   to
                   Matter
                   and
                   Form
                   ?
                   whether
                   Created
                   or
                   not
                   ?
                   whether
                   Living
                   Bodies
                   or
                   no
                   ?
                   whether
                   corruptible
                   or
                   not
                   ?
                   whether
                   govern'd
                   by
                   Providence
                   ?
                   and
                   so
                   of
                   the
                   rest
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Place
                   of
                   Causes
                   ,
                   also
                   they
                   distinguish
                   into
                   two
                   Parts
                   .
                   Under
                   one
                   Consideration
                   falls
                   the
                   Question
                   common
                   to
                   Physicians
                   ,
                   concerning
                   the
                   ▪
                   Dominion
                   of
                   the
                   Soul
                   ;
                   what
                   things
                   are
                   existent
                   in
                   the
                   Soul
                   ;
                   of
                   the
                   Seed
                   ,
                   &
                   c.
                   What
                   remains
                   ,
                   is
                   common
                   also
                   to
                   the
                   Mathematics
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   How
                   we
                   see
                   what
                   's
                   the
                   Cause
                   of
                   the
                   Optic
                   Fancy
                   ;
                   what
                   the
                   Cause
                   of
                   Clouds
                   ,
                   Thunder
                   ,
                   Rainbows
                   ,
                   Halo's
                   ,
                   Comets
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   assert
                   two
                   Principles
                   of
                   all
                   Things
                   ,
                   the
                   Active
                   and
                   Passive
                   .
                   The
                   Passive
                   ,
                   that
                   
                   same
                   lazy
                   and
                   feneant
                   Substance
                   ,
                   call'd
                   Matter
                   .
                   The
                   Active
                   ,
                   God
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   Reason
                   contain'd
                   in
                   it
                   :
                   Who
                   being
                   Sempiternal
                   ,
                   was
                   the
                   Architect
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Structure
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   contain'd
                   in
                   it
                   .
                   This
                   is
                   the
                   Opinion
                   of
                   Zeno
                   the
                   Cittian
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Treatise
                   of
                   Substance
                   .
                
                 
                   With
                   whom
                   agree
                   Cleanthes
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Book
                   of
                   Atoms
                   ;
                   and
                   Chrysiyppus
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   
                     First
                     Book
                  
                   of
                   Physics
                   ,
                   toward
                   the
                   End
                   ;
                   Archedemus
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Elements
                   ;
                   and
                   Possidonius
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   
                     Second
                     Book
                  
                   of
                   
                     Natural
                     Philosophy
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   However
                   ,
                   they
                   make
                   a
                   Distinction
                   between
                   Principles
                   and
                   Elements
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   one
                   they
                   hold
                   to
                   be
                   without
                   beginning
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   Corruption
                   ;
                   that
                   the
                   Elements
                   shall
                   perish
                   by
                   Fire
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   the
                   Elements
                   are
                   corporeal
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   Principles
                   incorporeal
                   and
                   incorruptible
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Body
                   ,
                   as
                   Apollodorus
                   defines
                   it
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   consists
                   of
                   
                     Longitude
                     ,
                     Latitude
                  
                   and
                   Depth
                   :
                   and
                   this
                   he
                   calls
                   a
                   
                     Solid
                     Body
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Supersicies
                   is
                   the
                   Termination
                   of
                   a
                   Body
                   ;
                   or
                   that
                   which
                   has
                   only
                   Length
                   and
                   Latitude
                   ;
                   but
                   no
                   Depth
                   :
                   And
                   this
                   falls
                   as
                   well
                   under
                   Thoughts
                   ,
                   as
                   Substance
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Line
                   is
                   the
                   End
                   of
                   a
                   Supersicies
                   ,
                   or
                   Length
                   without
                   Breadth
                   ,
                   or
                   having
                   only
                   Length
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   A
                   Point
                   is
                   the
                   Termination
                   of
                   a
                   Line
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   the
                   smallest
                   Mark
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   hold
                   but
                   one
                   God
                   ;
                   to
                   whom
                   they
                   give
                   the
                   Names
                   of
                   
                     Intelligence
                     ,
                     Fate
                     ,
                     Jove
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   sundry
                   other
                   Appellations
                   .
                   This
                   God
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   Beginning
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   was
                   alone
                   by
                   himself
                   ,
                   turn'd
                   all
                   Substance
                   into
                   Water
                   ;
                   having
                   rarify'd
                   it
                   first
                   into
                   Ayr.
                   And
                   as
                   the
                   Sperm
                   is
                   contain'd
                   in
                   the
                   Birth
                   ,
                   thus
                   this
                   Spermatic
                   Reason
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   remain'd
                   in
                   the
                   Water
                   ,
                   preparing
                   the
                   Matter
                   for
                   the
                   Generation
                   of
                   external
                   Beings
                   ;
                   and
                   then
                   the
                   four
                   Principles
                   were
                   created
                   ;
                   
                     Fire
                     ,
                     Water
                     ,
                     Ayr
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Earth
                   .
                   This
                   is
                   the
                   Discourse
                   of
                   Zeno
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Book
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   ;
                   of
                   Chrysippus
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   
                     first
                     Book
                  
                   of
                   Physics
                   ;
                   and
                   of
                   Archedemus
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   certain
                   Book
                   of
                   Elements
                   .
                
                 
                   An
                   Element
                   is
                   that
                   ,
                   out
                   of
                   which
                   all
                   things
                   were
                   at
                   first
                   produc'd
                   ;
                   and
                   into
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   dissolv'd
                   again
                   .
                   That
                   all
                   the
                   Elements
                   together
                   at
                   first
                   compos'd
                   that
                   motionless
                   Substance
                   ,
                   Matter
                   :
                   That
                   Fire
                   is
                   hot
                   ;
                   Ayr
                   cold
                   ;
                   Water
                   liquid
                   ,
                   and
                   Earth
                   dry
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   same
                   Part
                   still
                   remains
                   in
                   the
                   Ayr
                   :
                   That
                   the
                   Fire
                   is
                   uppermost
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   call
                   the
                   Sky
                   ;
                   where
                   the
                   Sphere
                   of
                   the
                   Planets
                   was
                   first
                   created
                   ;
                   next
                   to
                   that
                   ,
                   the
                   Ayr
                   ;
                   below
                   that
                   ,
                   the
                   Water
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Earth
                   the
                   Foundation
                   of
                   all
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   They
                   affirm
                   the
                   World
                   to
                   be
                   God
                   three
                   manner
                   of
                   ways
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     First
                     ▪
                  
                   The
                   peculiar
                   Quality
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Substance
                   ,
                   incorruptible
                   and
                   without
                   Beginning
                   ,
                   the
                   Architect
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   adorn'd
                   Structure
                   ,
                   after
                   some
                   Periods
                   of
                   Time
                   ,
                   consuming
                   and
                   swallowing
                   up
                   the
                   whole
                   Substance
                   into
                   Himself
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   restoring
                   it
                   out
                   of
                   Himself
                   again
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   next
                   Place
                   ,
                   they
                   affirm
                   the
                   Ornamental
                   Order
                   of
                   the
                   Stars
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   World.
                   
                
                 
                   And
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   A
                   Being
                   consisting
                   of
                   both
                   .
                
                 
                   Possidonius
                   defines
                   the
                   World
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   peculiar
                   Quality
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Substance
                   ,
                   compos'd
                   of
                   Heaven
                   and
                   Earth
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                   the
                   things
                   therein
                   contain'd
                   .
                   Or
                   a
                   Systeme
                   of
                   Gods
                   and
                   Men
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   those
                   things
                   created
                   for
                   their
                   sakes
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Heaven
                   is
                   the
                   outermost
                   Periphery
                   or
                   Superficies
                   upon
                   which
                   all
                   that
                   which
                   they
                   call
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Divine
                   Nature
                   was
                   fix'd
                   .
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   That
                   the
                   World
                   was
                   govern'd
                   by
                   Providence
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Grand
                   Intelligence
                   ;
                   according
                   to
                   Possidonius
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   this
                   Grand
                   Intelligence
                   diffuses
                   it self
                   through
                   the
                   whole
                   ,
                   as
                   also
                   into
                   our
                   Souls
                   ;
                   but
                   more
                   abundantly
                   into
                   some
                   ;
                   into
                   others
                   ,
                   
                   less
                   .
                   Into
                   some
                   ,
                   as
                   a
                   Habit
                   ,
                   through
                   the
                   Bones
                   and
                   Nerves
                   ;
                   into
                   others
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Understanding
                   ,
                   through
                   the
                   Principality
                   of
                   the
                   Mind
                   .
                   That
                   the
                   whole
                   World
                   was
                   a
                   Living
                   Creature
                   ,
                   and
                   endu'd
                   with
                   Reason
                   ,
                   having
                   the
                   Ayr
                   for
                   its
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Principality
                     of
                     the
                     Mind
                  
                   .
                   Which
                   was
                   the
                   Opinion
                   of
                   Antipater
                   the
                   Tyrian
                   .
                   But
                   Chrysippus
                   and
                   Possidonius
                   affirm
                   the
                   Heaven
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Principality
                   of
                   the
                   World's
                   Mind
                   ,
                   or
                   Intelligence
                   ;
                   and
                   Cleanthes
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Sun.
                   Soon
                   after
                   ,
                   Chrysippus
                   contradicting
                   himself
                   ,
                   affirms
                
                 
                   Part
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   to
                   be
                   that
                   Hegemonicum
                   or
                   Receptacle
                   of
                   the
                   World's
                   Intelligence
                   ;
                   which
                   they
                   affirm'd
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   first
                   Divine
                   Nature
                   ;
                   so
                   apprehensible
                   to
                   Sence
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   was
                   perceiv'd
                   to
                   be
                   diffus'd
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   through
                   the
                   Conduits
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   into
                   all
                   Creatures
                   and
                   Plants
                   ,
                   and
                   through
                   the
                   World
                   it self
                   ,
                   as
                   a
                   Habit
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   there
                   was
                   but
                   one
                   World
                   ,
                   Finite
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   a
                   Spheerical
                   Form
                   ;
                   as
                   being
                   a
                   Figure
                   more
                   proper
                   for
                   Motion
                   ;
                   as
                   Posidonius
                   and
                   Antipater
                   assert
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   beyond
                   the
                   World
                   there
                   was
                   an
                   immense
                   and
                   surrounding
                   
                     Vacuum
                     ▪
                  
                   But
                   that
                   it
                   was
                   incorporeal
                   ;
                   because
                   it
                   could
                   contain
                   ,
                   but
                   not
                   be
                   contain'd
                   by
                   Bodies
                   .
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   That
                   there
                   was
                   no
                   Vacuum
                   
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   all
                   was
                   clos'd
                   up
                   together
                   in
                   a
                   miraculous
                   Unity
                   .
                   Which
                   happen'd
                   through
                   the
                   Concord
                   and
                   Congruency
                   of
                   the
                   Celestial
                   with
                   the
                   Earthly
                   Beings
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   this
                   Vacuity
                   Chrysippus
                   discourses
                   in
                   his
                   Book
                   ,
                   
                     De
                     Inani
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   First
                   Book
                   of
                   
                     Natural
                     Sciences
                     ;
                     Apollonius
                  
                   also
                   ,
                   and
                   Posidonius
                   in
                   the
                   Second
                   Book
                   of
                   
                     Natural
                     Reason
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   all
                   Things
                   like
                   to
                   these
                   ,
                   were
                   also
                   incorporeal
                   .
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   they
                   held
                   Time
                   to
                   be
                   incorporeal
                   ,
                   being
                   the
                   interval
                   of
                   the
                   World's
                   Motion
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   
                     Time
                     past
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     to
                     come
                  
                   ,
                   were
                   infinite
                   ;
                   only
                   the
                   present
                   finite
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   also
                   maintain'd
                   the
                   World
                   to
                   be
                   corruptible
                   ;
                   as
                   being
                   created
                   by
                   the
                   Reason
                   of
                   those
                   Things
                   which
                   are
                   perceptible
                   by
                   Sence
                   .
                   Of
                   which
                   ,
                   the
                   Parts
                   being
                   corruptible
                   ,
                   so
                   likewise
                   the
                   Whole
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   Parts
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   were
                   corruptible
                   ;
                   for
                   they
                   change
                   reciprocally
                   one
                   into
                   another
                   ;
                   therefore
                   the
                   World
                   was
                   corruptible
                   .
                   More
                   especially
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   prov'd
                   to
                   change
                   for
                   the
                   worse
                   ,
                   is
                   corruptible
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   World
                   is
                   subject
                   to
                   that
                   sort
                   of
                   Change
                   ;
                   therefore
                   corruptible
                   :
                   for
                   it
                   is
                   plain
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Parts
                   are
                   subject
                   to
                   be
                   dry'd
                   up
                   ,
                   then
                   soak'd
                   
                   with
                   Moisture
                   again
                   .
                   Now
                   the
                   World
                   was
                   created
                   by
                   the
                   Change
                   of
                   the
                   Substance
                   into
                   Moisture
                   ,
                   being
                   first
                   rarify'd
                   into
                   Air
                   ;
                   afterwards
                   the
                   Water
                   thicken'd
                   into
                   Earth
                   ,
                   while
                   the
                   thinner
                   Part
                   turn'd
                   to
                   Air
                   again
                   ;
                   which
                   being
                   yet
                   more
                   rarify'd
                   ,
                   produc'd
                   Fire
                   :
                   And
                   lastly
                   ,
                   out
                   of
                   a
                   mixture
                   of
                   all
                   these
                   ,
                   Plants
                   ,
                   Animals
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Beings
                   were
                   created
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   this
                   Generation
                   and
                   Corruption
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   Zeno
                   discourses
                   in
                   his
                   Treatise
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Vniverse
                     ;
                     Chrysippus
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   
                     Physics
                     ;
                     Posidonius
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Book
                   of
                   the
                   
                     World
                     ;
                     Cleanthes
                  
                   and
                   Antipater
                   ,
                   in
                   their
                   Works
                   ,
                   under
                   the
                   same
                   Title
                   :
                   And
                   besides
                   these
                   ,
                   Panaetius
                   affirms
                   the
                   World
                   to
                   be
                   corruptible
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   that
                   the
                   World
                   is
                   a
                   Creature
                   endu'd
                   with
                   Life
                   ,
                   Rational
                   and
                   Intelligible
                   ,
                   Chrysippus
                   affirms
                   in
                   his
                   
                     First
                     Book
                  
                   of
                   Providence
                   ;
                   together
                   with
                   Apollonius
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Physics
                   ;
                   and
                   Posidonius
                   ,
                   who
                   asserts
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   World
                   being
                   a
                   Living
                   Creature
                   ,
                   is
                   likewise
                   endu'd
                   .
                   with
                   Sence
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   a
                   Living
                   Creature
                   is
                   much
                   more
                   noble
                   then
                   an
                   inanimate
                   Creature
                   :
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   Living
                   Creature
                   ,
                   is
                   manifest
                   from
                   hence
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Soul
                   of
                   man
                   is
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   ,
                   more
                   violently
                   torn
                   out
                   of
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   ,
                   B●●thus
                   affirms
                   ▪
                   That
                   the
                   World
                   as
                   not
                   a
                   Living
                   Creature
                   :
                   
                   But
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   but
                   one
                   ,
                   
                     Zeno
                     ▪
                     O●ry●ippus
                     ,
                     Apollodorus
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Posidonius
                   all
                   agree
                   .
                   And
                   Apollodorus
                   adds
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   World
                   is
                   one
                   way
                   call'd
                   the
                   Vniverse
                   ;
                   and
                   after
                   another
                   manner
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Vast
                     Systeme
                  
                   ,
                   consisting
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Vacuity
                   beyond
                   it
                   .
                   So
                   that
                   the
                   World
                   is
                   finite
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   surrounding
                   Vacuity
                   infinite
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   for
                   the
                   Stars
                   ,
                   they
                   aff●rm
                   ,
                   That
                   the
                   Fix'd
                   Stars
                   are
                   whirl'd
                   about
                   by
                   the
                   Circular
                   Motion
                   of
                   the
                   Heaven
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   the
                   Planets
                   observe
                   their
                   own
                   peculiar
                   Motions
                   .
                   That
                   the
                   Sun
                   makes
                   an
                   oblique
                   Revolution
                   through
                   the
                   Circle
                   of
                   the
                   Zodiac
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   the
                   Moon
                   likewise
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Sun
                   is
                   a
                   most
                   pure
                   sort
                   of
                   Fire
                   ;
                   according
                   to
                   Posi●onius
                   ,
                   in
                   hi●
                   Seventeenth
                   Book
                   of
                   Meteors
                   ;
                   and
                   bigger
                   then
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   but
                   Sphaerical
                   in
                   proportion
                   to
                   the
                   World.
                   That
                   it
                   is
                   made
                   of
                   Fire
                   ,
                   because
                   Fire
                   produces
                   all
                   things
                   ;
                   and
                   bigger
                   then
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   enlightens
                   all
                   the
                   Earth
                   ;
                   and
                   not
                   only
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Heaven
                   :
                   Of
                   which
                   ,
                   a
                   farther
                   Proof
                   is
                   this
                   ;
                   That
                   the
                   Earth
                   casts
                   a
                   Conical
                   Shadow
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   the
                   Sun
                   is
                   every
                   where
                   seen
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   its
                   Magnitude
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Moon
                   partak●s
                   more
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   is
                   nearer
                   to
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   these
                   Fiery
                   Bodi●●
                   receive
                   continual
                   
                   Nourishment
                   .
                   The
                   Sun
                   ,
                   being
                   a
                   sensible
                   Fl●●beau
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   vast
                   Ocean
                   ;
                   the
                   Moon
                   from
                   the
                   Potable
                   Rivers
                   ,
                   bei●g
                   mi●●
                   ▪
                   d
                   with
                   Air
                   ;
                   and
                   near
                   to
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   as
                   Pos●doni●●
                   a●●●r
                   ●●
                   in
                   his
                   6.
                   
                   Book
                   of
                   the
                   
                     R●●son
                     of
                     Nature
                  
                   .
                   The
                   r●st
                   receive
                   their
                   nouri●●ment
                   from
                   the
                   Earth
                   .
                   They
                   believe
                   the
                   S●●●●
                   also
                   to
                   be
                   Spherical
                   ,
                   &
                   ●
                   the
                   Earth
                   ●o
                   be
                   immoveable
                   .
                   That
                   the
                   Moon
                   doe●
                   not
                   ●hine
                   with
                   her
                   own
                   borrow'd
                   Light
                   ,
                   but
                   borrow●
                   it
                   from
                   the
                   Sun.
                   That
                   the
                   Sun
                   happens
                   to
                   be
                   ●●lipsed
                   ,
                   when
                   th●
                   Moon
                   interpos●s
                   h●r
                   self
                   ,
                   between
                   the
                   Sun
                   and
                   that
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   which
                   is
                   next
                   us
                   ;
                   as
                   Z●no
                   writes
                   in
                   his
                   Book
                   of
                   the
                   Vniverse
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Moon
                   is
                   eclips'd
                   when
                   she
                   falls
                   into
                   the
                   Shadow
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   she
                   is
                   never
                   eclips'd
                   but
                   when
                   she
                   is
                   at
                   the
                   Full
                   ,
                   and
                   diametrically
                   opposite
                   to
                   the
                   Sun
                   ;
                   which
                   happens
                   on●●
                   in
                   every
                   Month
                   :
                   For
                   moving
                   obliquely
                   contrary
                   to
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   she
                   alters
                   her
                   Latitude
                   sometimes
                   more
                   to
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   some●imes
                   more
                   to
                   the
                   South
                   ▪
                   But
                   when
                   her
                   Latitude
                   comes
                   to
                   the
                   Latitude
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   which
                   lies
                   between
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   becomes
                   diametrical
                   to
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   then
                   she
                   suff●r●
                   an
                   Eclipse
                   .
                   Now
                   she
                   moves
                   in
                   her
                   middl●
                   Latitude
                   the
                   Claws
                   of
                   the
                   Crab
                   ,
                   the
                   Scorpion
                   ,
                   the
                   Ram
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Bull
                   ;
                   as
                   Posidoni●●
                   asserts
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   They
                   affirm
                   God
                   to
                   be
                   an
                   immortal
                   Creature
                   ,
                   rational
                   ,
                   perfect
                   ▪
                   blessed
                   ,
                   void
                   of
                   all
                   Evil
                   ,
                   governing
                   by
                   his
                   Providence
                   ▪
                   both
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   things
                   contain'd
                   in
                   it
                   .
                   That
                   he
                   is
                   not
                   only
                   the
                   Architect
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Father
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   ;
                   but
                   generally
                   that
                   Part
                   of
                   him
                   which
                   penetrates
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   is
                   call'd
                   by
                   sever●l
                   Names
                   ▪
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Effects
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   first
                   Place
                   ,
                   Jupiter
                   ,
                   by
                   whom
                   all
                   things
                   were
                   made
                   ;
                   then
                   Zous
                   ,
                   from
                   〈◊〉
                   ;
                   because
                   he
                   gives
                   Life
                   to
                   all
                   things
                   ;
                   next
                   Athenai
                   ;
                   because
                   his
                   Dominion
                   extends
                   into
                   the
                   Sky
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   ●ither
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Greek
                     ,
                     Hera
                  
                   ;
                   as
                   b●ing
                   Lord
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Air
                     ;
                     V●lcan
                  
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   Use
                   of
                   Fire
                   in
                   forging
                   of
                   Iron
                   ;
                   N●ptune
                   ,
                   from
                   hi●
                   Power
                   over
                   the
                   Sea
                   ;
                   Ceres
                   ,
                   from
                   his
                   Power
                   over
                   the
                   Earth
                   ;
                   with
                   several
                   others
                   ;
                   for
                   Reasons
                   altog●ther
                   as
                   probable
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   ●or
                   the
                   Divine
                   Substance
                   ,
                   Z●no
                   conclude
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Wo●ld
                   ,
                   an●
                   the
                   Heaven
                   .
                   But
                   
                     Chrysippus
                     ,
                     Po●sidonius
                     ▪
                  
                   and
                   Antipa●er
                   affirm
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   
                     Air.
                     Boethus
                  
                   ass●rts
                   the
                   Globe
                   of
                   the
                   Fix'd
                   S●ars
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Divine
                   Nature
                   .
                
                 
                   Nature
                   ,
                   they
                   sometimes
                   define
                   to
                   b●
                   that
                   which
                   comprehends
                   and
                   embraces
                   the
                   World
                   ;
                   sometimes
                   that
                   which
                   caus●s
                   the
                   Products
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   to
                   gro●
                   and
                   flourish
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Nature
                   therefore
                   is
                   a
                   Habit
                   deriving
                   motion
                   from
                   it self
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   
                     S●ermatic
                     Rationalities
                  
                   ;
                   terminating
                   and
                   putting
                   an
                   end
                   to
                   those
                   things
                   that
                   flow
                   from
                   her
                   ,
                   at
                   certain
                   prefix'd
                   times
                   ,
                   and
                   performing
                   what
                   she
                   was
                   ordain'd
                   for
                   ;
                   and
                   it
                   is
                   apparent
                   that
                   she
                   aims
                   at
                   profitable
                   Pleasure
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Structure
                   of
                   Man.
                   
                
                 
                   On
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   ,
                   
                     Zeno
                     ,
                     Chrysippus
                     ,
                     Posidonius
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Boethus
                   ,
                   in
                   their
                   Treatises
                   of
                   Fate
                   ,
                   assert
                   all
                   things
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   created
                   by
                   Fate
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   Fate
                   is
                   a
                   Series
                   of
                   things
                   link'd
                   together
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   th●t
                   Reason
                   by
                   which
                   the
                   World
                   is
                   administer'd
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   also
                   allow
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Divination
                   to
                   be
                   substantial
                   ▪
                   or
                   else
                   Providence
                   .
                   Which
                   was
                   the
                   Opinion
                   of
                   
                     Zeno
                     ,
                     Chrysippus
                     ,
                     Athenodorus
                  
                   and
                   Posidonius
                   .
                   But
                   Panaetius
                   will
                   not
                   yield
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Substance
                   ▪
                   for
                   that
                   the
                   
                     Prima
                     M●t●ria
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     first
                     Matter
                  
                   ,
                   was
                   the
                   Substance
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   ;
                   as
                   Cleanthes
                   and
                   Zeno
                   both
                   acknowledge
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   Matter
                   is
                   that
                   of
                   which
                   any
                   thing
                   consists
                   ;
                   and
                   it
                   is
                   call'd
                   sometimes
                   Matter
                   ,
                   sometimes
                   Substance
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Ca●se
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   both
                   general
                   and
                   particular
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   Substance
                   of
                   the
                   Whole
                   neither
                   increases
                   nor
                   diminishes
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   A
                   Body
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   terminated
                   Substance
                   ;
                   as
                   Apollodorus
                   and
                   Antipater
                   define
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   also
                   Passive
                   ;
                   for
                   if
                   it
                   were
                   immutable
                   ,
                   those
                   things
                   which
                   are
                   ,
                   could
                   not
                   be
                   form'd
                   out
                   of
                   it
                   .
                   Hence
                   the
                   Division
                   of
                   it
                   extends
                   to
                   Infinity
                   .
                   Which
                   Chrysippus
                   denies
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   there
                   is
                   nothing
                   Infinite
                   which
                   can
                   be
                   divided
                   .
                   The
                   Mixtures
                   also
                   are
                   made
                   quite
                   through
                   the
                   whole
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   with
                   Limitation
                   ,
                   or
                   by
                   Apposition
                   of
                   Parts
                   ;
                   for
                   a
                   small
                   Quantity
                   of
                   Wine
                   being
                   thrown
                   into
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                   will
                   resist
                   for
                   a
                   time
                   ;
                   but
                   soon
                   mingle
                   ,
                   and
                   lose
                   its
                   Nature
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   also
                   affirm
                   ;
                   That
                   there
                   are
                   Daemons
                   or
                   Spirits
                   ,
                   which
                   have
                   the
                   Guardianship
                   of
                   Humane
                   Affairs
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Souls
                   of
                   Wise
                   men
                   being
                   departed
                   from
                   the
                   Bodies
                   ,
                   become
                   Hero's
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   those
                   things
                   that
                   derive
                   their
                   Original
                   from
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   .
                   That
                   Winter
                   is
                   the
                   congealing
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   Sun's
                   remoteness
                   ;
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   a
                   more
                   moderate
                   Temper
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   Return
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   to
                   our
                   Hemispere
                   ;
                   Summer
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Air
                   is
                   heated
                   by
                   the
                   approach
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   to
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Fall
                   of
                   the
                   Leaf
                   is
                   occasion'd
                   by
                   the
                   Sun's
                   Departure
                   from
                   us
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Winds
                   are
                   the
                   Flowings
                   and
                   Inundations
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   ;
                   various
                   in
                   their
                   Names
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Climates
                   from
                   whence
                   they
                   come
                   ;
                   and
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   Sun
                   is
                   the
                   Cause
                   ,
                   by
                   exhaling
                   the
                   Clouds
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Rain-bow
                   is
                   the
                   Reflexion
                   of
                   the
                   Sun-Beams
                   upon
                   Watery
                   Clouds
                   .
                   Or
                   as
                   Possidonius
                   defines
                   it
                   ,
                   the
                   Manifestation
                   of
                   some
                   part
                   or
                   portion
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   or
                   Moon
                   in
                   a
                   dewle
                   Cloud
                   ,
                   concave
                   ,
                   and
                   shewing
                   it self
                   firm
                   and
                   contiguous
                   to
                   the
                   apprehension
                   of
                   Sight
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Periphery
                   of
                   a
                   Circle
                   fancy'd
                   in
                   a
                   Looking-Glass
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   Comets
                   ,
                   Bearded
                   Comets
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Celestial
                   Meteors
                   ,
                   are
                   substantial
                   Fires
                   ,
                   caus'd
                   by
                   the
                   thicker
                   Part
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   drawn
                   up
                   into
                   the
                   Ethereal
                   Region
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Sun-Beam
                   ,
                   the
                   kindling
                   of
                   a
                   sudden
                   Flame
                   swistly
                   darted
                   through
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   and
                   representing
                   to
                   the
                   Sight
                   the
                   Figure
                   of
                   a
                   long
                   Line
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Rain
                   is
                   the
                   Alteration
                   of
                   a
                   Cloud
                   turn'd
                   into
                   Water
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Moisture
                   exhal'd
                   by
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   either
                   from
                   the
                   Earth
                   or
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                   loses
                   its
                   first
                   Operation
                   ,
                   and
                   thickens
                   into
                   Ponderosity
                   ;
                   which
                   being
                   congeal'd
                   ,
                   is
                   call'd
                   Frost
                   or
                   Ice
                   .
                
                 
                   Hail
                   is
                   a
                   more
                   solid
                   Cloud
                   ,
                   crumbl'd
                   by
                   the
                   force
                   of
                   the
                   Wind.
                   
                
                 
                   Snow
                   is
                   the
                   Moisture
                   of
                   a
                   compacted
                   Cloud
                   ;
                   according
                   to
                   Possidonius
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Lightning
                   is
                   the
                   kindling
                   of
                   Clouds
                   shatter'd
                   and
                   brok'n
                   by
                   the
                   Wind
                   ,
                   as
                   Zeno
                   defines
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   Thunder
                   is
                   a
                   Noise
                   which
                   proceeds
                   from
                   the
                   rushing
                   of
                   the
                   Clouds
                   one
                   against
                   another
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Thunder-Bolt
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   vehement
                   kindling
                   and
                   baking
                   of
                   a
                   substantial
                   Cloud
                   ;
                   which
                   then
                   comes
                   poudring
                   down
                   upon
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   the
                   Clouds
                   being
                   once
                   brok'n
                   and
                   shiver'd
                   in
                   pieces
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Typho
                   is
                   the
                   s●oaky
                   Wind
                   of
                   a
                   broken
                   Cloud
                   carry'd
                   vehemently
                   to
                   the
                   Earth
                   .
                
                 
                   A
                   Prester
                   ,
                   or
                   Fiery
                   Whirlwind
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Cloud
                   surrounded
                   with
                   Fire
                   ,
                   carry'd
                   by
                   the
                   Wind
                   into
                   the
                   Concavities
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ;
                   or
                   else
                   a
                   Wind
                   enclos'd
                   in
                   the
                   Bowels
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   Posidonius
                   .
                   Of
                   which
                   there
                   are
                   several
                   sorts
                   ;
                   as
                   ,
                   
                     Earth-quak's
                     ▪
                     Y●●nings
                  
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Earth
                     ,
                     Burnings
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Ebullitions
                   .
                
                 
                   Now
                   having
                   plac'd
                   the
                   Earth
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   ,
                   they
                   make
                   it
                   the
                   Center
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   ;
                   next
                   to
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   Water
                   ;
                   which
                   has
                   a
                   Center
                   likewise
                   with
                   the
                   Earth
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   the
                   Earth
                   seems
                   to
                   be
                   in
                   the
                   Water
                   ;
                   and
                   above
                   the
                   Water
                   is
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   Body
                   resembling
                   a
                   Sphear
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   there
                   are
                   five
                   Circles
                   in
                   the
                   Heavens
                   ;
                   the
                   Arctic
                   ,
                   which
                   always
                   appears
                   ;
                   
                   the
                   
                     Summer
                     Tropic
                  
                   ;
                   the
                   Equinoctial
                   ;
                   the
                   Winter-Tropic
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Antarctic
                   .
                   They
                   are
                   also
                   call'd
                   Parallels
                   ;
                   because
                   they
                   never
                   meet
                   one
                   another
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Zodiac
                   is
                   an
                   oblique
                   Circle
                   ;
                   because
                   it
                   touches
                   the
                   Parallels
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   also
                   reckon
                   five
                   Zones
                   :
                   the
                   
                     Frigid
                     Zone
                  
                   ;
                   beyond
                   the
                   Arctic
                   Pole
                   ,
                   uninhabited
                   ,
                   through
                   extremity
                   of
                   Cold
                   ;
                   the
                   
                     Temperate
                     Zone
                  
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Torrid
                     Zone
                  
                   ;
                   the
                   Southern
                   
                     Temperate
                     Zone
                  
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Southern
                   
                     Frigid
                     Zone
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   further
                   conceive
                   Nature
                   to
                   be
                   an
                   artificial
                   Fire
                   ,
                   tending
                   her
                   own
                   way
                   to
                   Generation
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   also
                   a
                   fiery
                   and
                   artificial
                   Spirit
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Soul
                   is
                   sensible
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   a
                   Spirit
                   bred
                   within
                   us
                   :
                   therefore
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   Body
                   ,
                   and
                   remains
                   after
                   Death
                   ;
                   but
                   is
                   liable
                   however
                   to
                   Corruption
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   Soul
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   is
                   incorruptible
                   ,
                   the
                   Parts
                   of
                   which
                   are
                   Souls
                   of
                   Beasts
                   .
                   Zeno
                   and
                   Antipater
                   affirm
                   the
                   Soul
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   
                     Hot
                     Spirit
                  
                   ;
                   as
                   being
                   that
                   with
                   which
                   we
                   breath
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   which
                   we
                   are
                   mov'd
                   .
                   Cleanthes
                   also
                   asserts
                   ,
                   That
                   all
                   souls
                   are
                   so
                   long
                   durable
                   ,
                   till
                   they
                   lose
                   their
                   Heat
                   .
                   But
                   Chrysippus
                   allows
                   that
                   Pre-eminency
                   to
                   none
                   but
                   the
                   Souls
                   of
                   Wise
                   men
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   Senses
                   ,
                   they
                   affirm
                   Sight
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Interval
                   between
                   the
                   Sight
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                   subjected
                   Light
                   conically
                   extended
                   ;
                   according
                   to
                   Chrysippus
                   .
                   But
                   as
                   Apollodorus
                   defines
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   Part
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   which
                   resembles
                   a
                   Conical
                   Figure
                   next
                   the
                   Sight
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   Basis
                   is
                   the
                   Object
                   next
                   the
                   Sight
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   apparent
                   to
                   be
                   seen
                   when
                   the
                   Air
                   is
                   smitten
                   with
                   a
                   Wand
                   .
                
                 
                   Hearing
                   is
                   the
                   interval
                   of
                   Air
                   between
                   the
                   Speaker
                   and
                   the
                   Heurer
                   ,
                   smitten
                   into
                   Circles
                   ;
                   which
                   upon
                   that
                   Agitation
                   flows
                   into
                   the
                   Ears
                   ;
                   like
                   the
                   Circles
                   made
                   by
                   a
                   Stone
                   in
                   a
                   Cistern
                   of
                   Water
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   Sleep
                   proceeds
                   from
                   the
                   Relaxation
                   of
                   the
                   sensible
                   Faculty
                   being
                   put
                   upon
                   the
                   stress
                   in
                   the
                   Principality
                   of
                   the
                   Soul.
                   
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Passions
                   are
                   occasion'd
                   by
                   the
                   Alterations
                   of
                   the
                   Spirit
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Seed
                   is
                   that
                   which
                   was
                   appointed
                   by
                   Nature
                   to
                   generate
                   the
                   like
                   to
                   that
                   by
                   which
                   it
                   was
                   begotten
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Seed
                   of
                   Man
                   mixes
                   its
                   Moisture
                   with
                   some
                   Parts
                   of
                   the
                   Soul
                   ,
                   thereby
                   to
                   communicate
                   the
                   Reason
                   of
                   the
                   Parent
                   to
                   the
                   Thing
                   generated
                   ;
                   which
                   Chrysippus
                   affirms
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Spiritual
                   Substance
                   ;
                   as
                   appears
                   by
                   the
                   Seeds
                   that
                   are
                   sown
                   in
                   the
                   Earth
                   ;
                   which
                   being
                   too
                   old
                   ,
                   never
                   grow
                   ;
                   because
                   their
                   Virtue
                   is
                   exhal'd
                   :
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   Sphaerus
                   affirms
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   Seed
                   flows
                   from
                   all
                   Parts
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   ;
                   by
                   which
                   
                   means
                   it
                   comes
                   to
                   generate
                   all
                   the
                   Parts
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Seed
                   of
                   a
                   Woman
                   conduces
                   nothing
                   to
                   Generation
                   ,
                   being
                   but
                   small
                   in
                   Quantity
                   ,
                   and
                   watery
                   ;
                   as
                   Sphaerus
                   asserts
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Hegemonicum
                   is
                   the
                   most
                   principal
                   Part
                   of
                   the
                   Soul
                   ;
                   where
                   the
                   Imagination
                   and
                   Desires
                   reside
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   whence
                   the
                   Reason
                   proceeds
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   Heart
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   thus
                   much
                   for
                   their
                   Opinions
                   in
                   
                     Natural
                     Philosophy
                  
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   sufficient
                   ,
                   considering
                   the
                   Brevity
                   design'd
                   in
                   this
                   present
                   Undertaking
                   .
                   We
                   are
                   next
                   to
                   observe
                   wherein
                   they
                   have
                   differ'd
                   and
                   contradicted
                   one
                   another
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               ARISTO
               .
            
             
               ARISTO
               the
               Chiote
               ,
               and
               Phalanthian
               ,
               Sirnam'd
               the
               Syren
               ,
               affirm'd
               ,
               that
               the
               End
               and
               Scope
               of
               Mankind
               ,
               was
               to
               live
               in
               differently
               between
               Virtue
               and
               Vice
               ;
               observing
               no
               distinction
               between
               'em
               ,
               but
               an
               equality
               in
               every
               one
               .
            
             
               That
               a
               Wise
               Man
               was
               like
               a
               Famous
               Actor
               ;
               who
               ,
               whether
               he
               acted
               Thyrsites
               ,
               or
               Aganiemnon
               ,
               did
               both
               Parts
               well
               .
               So
               that
               he
               rejected
               the
               Places
               of
               Natural
               and
               Rational
               ;
               saying
               ,
               
                 That
                 what
                 was
                 above
                 us
                 ,
                 nothing
                 concern'd
                 us
                 :
              
               That
               therefore
               only
               Morals
               concern'd
               us
               .
            
             
               He
               compar'd
               the
               Subtleties
               of
               Logic
               to
               Spiders
               Web
               ,
               which
               though
               Artificial
               to
               Sight
               ,
               were
               yet
               of
               no
               Use
               .
            
             
               He
               neither
               introduc'd
               many
               Virtues
               ,
               like
               Zeno
               ;
               neither
               did
               he
               advance
               any
               one
               particularly
               above
               the
               rest
               ,
               giving
               to
               it
               particular
               Titles
               or
               Names
               ,
               like
               the
               Megarics
               :
               And
               thus
               professing
               this
               kind
               of
               Philosophy
               ,
               and
               disputing
               in
               the
               *
               Cynosarges
               ,
               he
               gain'd
               the
               Honour
               to
               be
               the
               Founder
               of
               a
               peculiar
               Sect.
               So
               that
               Miltiades
               and
               Dychilus
               were
               call'd
               Aristonians
               ;
               
               for
               he
               had
               an
               extraordinary
               perswasive
               Eloquence
               ,
               and
               very
               taking
               among
               the
               vulgar
               sort
               .
            
             
               However
               ,
               as
               Diocles
               reports
               ,
               he
               was
               worsted
               by
               Polemo
               ,
               in
               a
               Dispute
               ,
               at
               what
               time
               Zeno
               fell
               into
               a
               tedious
               Fit
               of
               Sickness
               .
               Yet
               he
               was
               a
               great
               Admirer
               of
               that
               Opinion
               of
               the
               Stoics
               ,
               That
               a
               wise
               man
               could
               never
               doubt
               .
               Thereupon
               ,
               Persaeus
               brought
               him
               two
               Twins
               ,
               and
               order'd
               the
               one
               to
               deliver
               him
               a
               Trust
               ,
               with
               Instructions
               to
               the
               other
               ,
               to
               demand
               it
               again
               soon
               after
               from
               him
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               seeing
               him
               in
               a
               Doubt
               which
               to
               restore
               it
               to
               ,
               he
               convinc'd
               him
               of
               his
               Error
               .
            
             
               He
               was
               an
               utter
               Enemy
               to
               Artesilaus
               .
               So
               that
               it
               being
               his
               Chance
               to
               see
               a
               monstrous
               Bull
               that
               carry'd
               a
               
                 Matrix
                 ;
                 Wo
                 is
                 me
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               to
               Artesilaus
               ,
               
                 as
                 an
                 Argument
                 against
                 Evidence
              
               .
               To
               an
               Academic
               ,
               that
               deny'd
               ,
               he
               apprehended
               any
               thing
               ,
               Why
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 Dost
                 thou
                 not
                 see
                 that
                 Rich
                 Man
                 sitting
                 by
                 thee
                 ?
              
               Who
               answering
               ,
               No
               ,
               he
               retorted
               upon
               him
               this
               Verse
               :
               
                 
                   Who
                   struck
                   thee
                   blind
                   ,
                   or
                   from
                   thy
                   sight
                
                 
                   Remov'd
                   the
                   glittering
                   Lamps
                   of
                   Light
                   ?
                
              
            
             
               He
               is
               said
               to
               have
               been
               the
               Author
               of
               all
               the
               following
               Volumes
               .
               Of
               Exhortations
               ,
               in
               two
               Books
               .
               Dialogues
               concerning
               
               
               Zeno's
               Opinions
               .
               Six
               Dialogues
               concerning
               Schools
               .
               Seven
               Discourses
               upon
               
                 Wisdom
                 .
                 Amorous
                 Exercises
                 ;
                 Commentaries
                 concerning
                 Vain-Glory
                 ;
                 Commentaries
              
               upon
               Fifteen
               Commentaries
               ,
               in
               three
               Volumes
               .
               Eleven
               Books
               of
               Proverbs
               and
               Sentences
               .
               Against
               the
               Orators
               ;
               against
               ▪
               Alexinus
               ;
               against
               Logicians
               ,
               in
               three
               Volumes
               ;
               Four
               Books
               of
               Epistles
               to
               Cleanthes
               .
            
             
               But
               Panatius
               and
               Sosicrates
               will
               allow
               no
               more
               then
               the
               Epistles
               to
               be
               his
               own
               .
            
             
               The
               Report
               is
               ,
               that
               being
               Bald
               ,
               the
               Heat
               of
               the
               Sun
               pierc'd
               his
               Skull
               ;
               which
               brought
               him
               to
               his
               End.
               
                 
                   Old
                   as
                   thou
                   wer't
                   and
                   Bald
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   ill
                   done
                
                 
                   T'
                   expose
                   thy
                   Noddle
                   to
                   the
                   Roasting
                   Sun
                   ;
                
                 
                   For
                   when
                   thou
                   sought'st
                   for
                   more
                   then
                   needful
                   Heat
                   ,
                
                 
                   Thou
                   found'st
                   cold
                   Death
                   and
                   Styx
                   to
                   cool
                   thy
                   Pate
                   .
                
              
            
             
               There
               was
               also
               another
               Aristo
               of
               Iliete
               ,
               a
               Peripatetic
               ;
               a
               second
               ,
               an
               Athenian
               ,
               and
               a
               Musitian
               :
               Another
               ,
               a
               
                 Tragic
                 Poet
              
               ;
               a
               fourth
               ,
               who
               wrote
               the
               Art
               of
               Rhetoric
               ;
               and
               a
               fifth
               ,
               a
               Peripatetic
               of
               Alexandria
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               ERILLVS
               .
            
             
               ERillus
               the
               Carthaginian
               ,
               asserts
               Knowledge
               to
               be
               the
               End
               and
               Scope
               of
               Mankind
               ;
               which
               is
               to
               live
               for
               ever
               :
               referring
               all
               things
               to
               a
               Life
               of
               Knowledge
               ;
               by
               which
               means
               we
               avoid
               the
               Death
               of
               Ignorance
               .
            
             
               He
               defin'd
               Knowledge
               ,
               to
               be
               a
               Habit
               proceeding
               from
               a
               Crowd
               of
               Imaginations
               ,
               not
               to
               be
               express'd
               in
               Words
               .
               Sometimes
               he
               held
               there
               was
               no
               End
               ,
               as
               being
               alter'd
               and
               chang'd
               ,
               as
               various
               Accidents
               and
               Businesses
               alter'd
               the
               Resolutions
               of
               Men.
               As
               if
               the
               same
               Metal
               may
               serve
               to
               make
               a
               Statue
               ▪
               for
               Alexander
               or
               Socrates
               .
               But
               he
               distinguish'd
               between
               the
               End
               ,
               and
               the
               thing
               subjected
               to
               the
               End
               :
               For
               the
               one
               ,
               Fools
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               Wise
               Men
               apprehend
               ;
               the
               other
               ,
               only
               the
               Wise
               can
               conceive
               .
            
             
               He
               also
               maintain'd
               ,
               that
               there
               were
               things
               Indifferent
               between
               Virtue
               and
               Vice.
               His
               Treatises
               are
               but
               short
               ;
               however
               
               full
               of
               Pith
               and
               Sence
               ,
               and
               full
               of
               Contradictions
               of
               Zeno.
               
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               ,
               that
               when
               he
               was
               a
               Boy
               ,
               he
               was
               belov'd
               by
               several
               Men
               ;
               whom
               Socrates
               not
               being
               willing
               to
               admit
               ,
               caus'd
               Erillus
               to
               be
               shav'd
               ,
               and
               then
               they
               ceas'd
               to
               make
               any
               farther
               Addresses
               .
            
             
               He
               wrote
               several
               Dialogues
               under
               the
               following
               Titles
               :
               Of
               Exercise
               ;
               of
               the
               Affections
               ;
               of
               Apprehension
               ,
               the
               Legislator
               ;
               the
               
                 Midwife
                 ;
                 Antiphero
              
               ;
               the
               
                 Schoolmaster
                 ;
                 Preparatives
                 ;
                 Direction
                 ,
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 Medea
              
               ;
               and
               
                 Moral
                 Questions
              
               .
            
             
               But
               Dionysius
               ,
               Sirnam'd
               Metathemenus
               ,
               asserted
               Pleasure
               to
               be
               the
               End
               and
               Aim
               of
               all
               men
               :
               For
               having
               a
               Pain
               in
               his
               Eyes
               ,
               he
               was
               so
               tormented
               with
               it
               ,
               that
               he
               cry'd
               out
               ,
               that
               Pain
               could
               not
               be
               a
               thing
               indifferent
               .
            
             
               His
               Father's
               Name
               was
               Theophantus
               ,
               of
               the
               City
               of
               Heraclea
               ;
               and
               when
               he
               came
               of
               Age
               ,
               he
               was
               first
               of
               all
               ,
               a
               Hearer
               of
               Heraclides
               ,
               his
               Fellow-Citizen
               ;
               after
               that
               ,
               of
               Alexinis
               ,
               and
               Menedemus
               ;
               and
               lastly
               ,
               of
               
                 Zeno
                 ▪
              
               〈…〉
               Yet
               he
               lov'd
               none
               so
               clearly
               as
               Aratus
               ,
               whom
               he
               labour'd
               to
               imitate
               .
            
             
               At
               length
               ,
               when
               he
               left
               Zeno
               ,
               he
               betook
               himself
               to
               the
               Cyrenaics
               ,
               frequented
               the
               Common
               Prostitutes
               ,
               and
               indulg'd
               
               himself
               to
               all
               manner
               of
               Voluptuous
               Pleasures
               .
            
             
               Several
               Writings
               are
               Father'd
               upon
               him
               ,
               under
               these
               Titles
               ,
               Of
               
                 Calming
                 the
                 Passions
              
               ;
               in
               two
               Volumes
               :
               Of
               Exercise
               ,
               two
               Volumes
               :
               Of
               Pleasure
               ,
               four
               :
               Of
               
                 Riches
                 ,
                 Favour
              
               ,
               and
               Punishment
               :
               Of
               the
               Vse
               of
               Men
               :
               Of
               Happiness
               :
               Of
               the
               
                 Ancient
                 Kings
              
               :
               Of
               
                 Things
                 deserving
                 Applause
              
               :
               Of
               
                 Barbarous
                 Customs
              
               .
            
             
               These
               were
               they
               that
               differ'd
               from
               the
               Stoicks
               :
               But
               to
               Zeno
               himself
               succeeded
               both
               his
               Scholar
               and
               Admirer
               ,
               Cleanthes
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               CLEANTHES
               .
            
             
               CLEANTHES
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Phanius
               ,
               and
               Asian
               ,
               as
               Antisthenes
               reports
               in
               his
               Successions
               ,
               was
               at
               first
               a
               Fisty-Cuffer
               ;
               but
               coming
               to
               Athens
               ,
               with
               no
               more
               then
               four
               Drachma's
               in
               his
               Pocket
               ,
               and
               meeting
               with
               Zeno
               ,
               he
               betook
               himself
               most
               sedulously
               to
               the
               Study
               of
               Philosophy
               ,
               and
               adher'd
               altogether
               to
               his
               Precepts
               and
               Opinions
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               also
               ,
               that
               being
               miserably
               poor
               ,
               he
               hir'd
               himself
               out
               to
               draw
               Water
               in
               Gardens
               in
               the
               Night
               ,
               and
               follow'd
               his
               Studies
               by
               Day
               ;
               so
               that
               they
               gave
               him
               the
               Nickname
               of
               Well-Emptier
               .
               For
               which
               ,
               they
               say
               ,
               he
               was
               call'd
               in
               question
               by
               the
               Judges
               ;
               who
               demanded
               of
               him
               ,
               Wherefore
               being
               such
               a
               stout
               and
               well
               made
               Fellow
               ,
               he
               follow'd
               such
               an
               effeminate
               Employment
               ?
               And
               being
               cast
               by
               the
               Testimony
               of
               the
               Gardiner
               that
               set
               him
               at
               Work
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               Woman
               whose
               Ovens
               he
               heated
               ,
               he
               was
               acquitted
               by
               the
               Judges
               ;
               who
               admiring
               his
               Parts
               ,
               order'●
               
               him
               ten
               Mina's
               :
               which
               Zeno
               forbid
               him
               to
               accept
               :
               though
               afterwards
               ,
               it
               is
               reported
               ,
               that
               Antigonus
               sent
               him
               three
               Thousand
               .
            
             
               Another
               time
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               carrying
               certain
               Children
               to
               a
               Show
               ,
               the
               Wind
               blew
               off
               his
               single
               Garment
               ,
               and
               discover'd
               him
               quite
               naked
               ;
               upon
               which
               ,
               the
               People
               giving
               a
               loud
               Shout
               ,
               he
               was
               order'd
               to
               be
               new
               clad
               ;
               as
               Demetrius
               the
               Magnesian
               relates
               ,
               For
               which
               ,
               Antigonus
               admiring
               him
               ,
               and
               becoming
               his
               Hearer
               ;
               ask'd
               him
               ,
               
                 Wherefore
                 he
                 drew
                 Water
              
               ?
               To
               whom
               ,
               
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 only
                 draw
                 Water
                 ,
              
               said
               he
               ;
               
                 Do
                 I
                 not
                 dig
                 ?
                 Do
                 I
                 not
                 endure
                 the
                 bitter
                 hardship
                 of
                 cold
                 Weather
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 for
                 the
                 Love
                 of
                 Philosophy
                 ?
              
               For
               Zeno
               put
               him
               to
               it
               ,
               and
               made
               him
               bring
               him
               a
               Half-peny
               a
               time
               out
               of
               his
               Labour
               ;
               and
               one
               time
               among
               the
               rest
               ,
               fetching
               out
               one
               of
               his
               small
               Pieces
               ,
               and
               shewing
               it
               among
               his
               intimate
               Friends
               ,
               Well
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               this
               Cleanthes
               
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 maintain
                 another
              
               Cleanthes
               
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 they
                 who
                 have
                 enough
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 cannot
                 be
                 content
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 must
                 be
                 begging
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 half
                 such
                 diligent
                 Philosophers
                 .
              
               For
               which
               Reason
               Cleanthes
               was
               call'd
               another
               Hercules
               ;
               for
               he
               was
               a
               most
               indefatigable
               Student
               ,
               but
               very
               slow
               and
               dull
               ;
               but
               he
               surmounted
               his
               want
               of
               Parts
               by
               Labour
               
               and
               Industry
               ;
               which
               occasion'd
               Timon
               to
               give
               him
               a
               very
               ill
               Character
               .
               
                 
                   What
                   Bell-weather
                   is
                   that
                   ,
                   that
                   struts
                   along
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   fain
                   would
                   seem
                   to
                   head
                   the
                   gazing
                   Throng
                   ?
                
                 
                   Fondly
                   conceited
                   of
                   his
                   Eloquence
                   ;
                
                 
                   Yet
                   a
                   meer
                   Blockhead
                   ,
                   without
                   Wit
                   or
                   Sence
                   ?
                
              
            
             
               And
               therefore
               when
               he
               was
               jeer'd
               and
               laugh'd
               at
               by
               his
               Fellow-Disciples
               ,
               who
               call'd
               him
               Ass
               and
               Dolt
               ,
               he
               took
               all
               patiently
               ;
               saying
               no
               more
               ,
               but
               that
               
                 he
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 all
              
               Zeno
               '
               
                 s
                 Burthens
              
               .
            
             
               Another
               time
               being
               upbraided
               for
               being
               timorous
               ;
               
                 Therefore
                 it
                 is
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 that
                 I
                 so
                 seldom
                 mistake
              
               .
               And
               preferring
               his
               own
               miserable
               Life
               before
               the
               Plenty
               of
               the
               wealthy
               ,
               he
               said
               no
               more
               then
               this
               ;
               
                 They
                 toil
                 at
                 Tennis
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 dig
                 hard
                 for
                 my
                 Living
                 .
              
            
             
               Sometimes
               as
               he
               was
               digging
               ,
               he
               would
               be
               chiding
               himself
               ;
               which
               Aristo
               over-hearing
               ,
               
                 Who
                 's
                 that
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 thou
                 art
                 scolding
                 withal
                 ?
                 An
                 old
                 Fellow
                 ,
              
               reply'd
               the
               other
               smiling
               ,
               
                 that
                 has
                 grey
                 Hairs
                 ,
                 but
                 no
                 Wit.
                 
              
            
             
               When
               it
               was
               told
               him
               ,
               that
               Arcesilans
               neglected
               to
               do
               as
               became
               him
               ;
               Forbear
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 and
                 do
                 not
                 blame
                 the
                 Man
                 ;
                 for
                 
                 though
                 he
                 talk
                 against
                 Duty
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 upholds
                 it
                 in
                 Deeds
                 .
              
            
             
               To
               one
               that
               ask'd
               him
               what
               Instructions
               he
               should
               most
               frequently
               give
               his
               Son
               ?
               He
               repeated
               that
               Verse
               in
               Euripides
               ;
               
                 
                   Softly
                   ,
                   there
                   ,
                   softly
                   ,
                   gently
                   tread
                   —
                
              
            
             
               To
               a
               certain
               Lacedaemonian
               ,
               that
               asserted
               Labour
               to
               be
               a
               Felicity
               ,
               falling
               into
               a
               loud
               Laughter
               ,
               he
               cry'd
               out
               ,
               
                 
                   Sure
                   some
                   great
                   Man
                   from
                   high
                   Extraction
                   sprung
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Discoursing
               to
               a
               Young
               Man
               ,
               he
               ask'd
               him
               ,
               
                 Whether
                 he
                 understood
                 him
                 or
                 no
                 ?
              
               Who
               answering
               
                 Yes
                 :
                 Why
                 then
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 do
                 not
                 I
                 understand
                 that
                 thou
                 dost
                 understand
                 ?
              
            
             
               When
               Sositheus
               put
               the
               following
               Sarcasm
               upon
               him
               in
               the
               Public
               Theatre
               ,
               
                 
                   
                     Whom
                     dull
                  
                   Cleanthes
                   
                     Follies
                     drive
                     like
                     Oxen.
                  
                   
                
              
            
             
               He
               never
               alter'd
               his
               Countenance
               nor
               his
               Gesture
               ;
               which
               when
               the
               whole
               Pit
               took
               notice
               of
               ,
               they
               applauded
               Cleanthes
               ,
               and
               laugh'd
               at
               Sositheus
               ,
               as
               one
               that
               had
               
               spent
               his
               Jest
               in
               vain
               .
               Whereupon
               ,
               the
               other
               begging
               his
               Pardon
               for
               the
               Injury
               he
               had
               done
               him
               ,
               he
               made
               Answer
               ,
               That
               
                 't
                 would
                 be
                 ill
                 done
                 in
                 him
                 to
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 a
                 slight
                 Injury
                 ,
                 when
              
               Hercules
               and
               Bacchus
               
                 were
                 so
                 frequently
                 injur'd
                 by
                 the
                 Poets
                 .
              
            
             
               He
               compar'd
               the
               Peripatetics
               to
               Harps
               ,
               which
               though
               they
               yielded
               ne'er
               so
               pleasing
               a
               Sound
               ,
               yet
               never
               heard
               themselves
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               ,
               That
               as
               he
               was
               openly
               maintaining
               the
               Opinion
               of
               Zeno
               ,
               that
               the
               Disposition
               and
               Inclinations
               might
               be
               discover'd
               by
               the
               Shape
               and
               Form
               of
               the
               Party
               ,
               certain
               abusive
               Young
               Men
               brought
               him
               an
               old
               Catamite
               ,
               that
               had
               been
               long
               worn
               out
               ,
               and
               ask'd
               him
               what
               he
               thought
               of
               his
               Inclinations
               ?
               Which
               he
               perceiving
               ,
               after
               a
               short
               Pause
               ,
               bid
               the
               Fellow
               be
               gone
               ;
               but
               as
               he
               was
               going
               ,
               he
               fell
               a
               sneezing
               ;
               whereupon
               ,
               he
               cry'd
               out
               ,
               
                 Hold
                 ,
                 I
                 smell
                 him
                 now
                 ;
                 he
                 's
                 a
                 Rascal
                 .
              
            
             
               To
               one
               that
               upbraided
               him
               with
               his
               Old
               Age
               ,
               Truly
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 I
                 am
                 willing
                 to
                 depart
                 ;
                 but
                 then
                 again
                 ,
                 when
                 I
                 consider
                 my self
                 to
                 be
                 perfectly
                 in
                 Health
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 I
                 am
                 still
                 able
                 to
                 write
                 and
                 read
                 ,
                 methinks
                 I
                 am
                 as
                 willing
                 to
                 stay
                 yet
                 a
                 little
                 longer
                 .
              
            
             
               It
               is
               reported
               that
               he
               wrote
               down
               upon
               Potsherds
               and
               Blade-bones
               of
               Oxen
               ,
               the
               Sayings
               of
               Zeno
               ,
               for
               want
               of
               Money
               
               to
               buy
               Paper
               ;
               and
               by
               this
               means
               he
               grew
               so
               famous
               ,
               that
               though
               Zeno
               had
               several
               other
               Scholars
               ,
               Men
               of
               great
               Parts
               and
               Learning
               ,
               yet
               he
               was
               only
               thought
               worthy
               to
               succeed
               him
               in
               his
               School
               .
            
             
               He
               left
               several
               most
               excellent
               Pieces
               behind
               him
               ;
               as
               ,
               his
               Treatises
               of
               Time
               ;
               of
               
                 Zeno's
                 Physiology
              
               ,
               in
               two
               Volumes
               ;
               Expositions
               of
               Heraclitus
               ;
               Four
               Books
               of
               the
               Senses
               ;
               of
               Art
               ;
               against
               Democritus
               ;
               against
               Aristarchus
               ;
               against
               Erillus
               ;
               of
               
                 Natural
                 Inclination
              
               ,
               two
               Volumes
               ;
               Antiquities
               ;
               of
               the
               Gods
               ;
               of
               the
               Gyants
               ;
               of
               Marriage
               ;
               of
               a
               Poet
               ;
               of
               Offices
               ,
               three
               Books
               ;
               of
               Council
               ;
               of
               Favour
               ;
               of
               Exhortation
               ;
               of
               the
               Virtues
               ;
               of
               the
               
                 Art
                 of
                 Love
              
               ;
               of
               Honour
               ,
               of
               Glory
               ;
               of
               Ingenuity
               ;
               of
               Gorgippus
               ;
               of
               Malevolence
               ;
               of
               the
               Mind
               ;
               of
               Liberty
               ;
               of
               Politicks
               ;
               of
               Counsel
               ;
               of
               Law
               ;
               of
               Judicature
               ;
               of
               Education
               ;
               of
               the
               End
               ;
               of
               
                 Things
                 Noble
              
               ;
               of
               Actions
               and
               Business
               ;
               of
               
                 Regal
                 Dominion
                 ;
                 Symposiacs
              
               ;
               of
               Friendship
               ;
               That
               the
               
                 Virtue
                 of
                 Men
                 and
                 Women
                 is
                 the
                 same
              
               ;
               of
               
                 Sophistry
                 in
                 Wise
                 Men
              
               :
               of
               Proverbs
               ,
               two
               Books
               ;
               of
               Pleasure
               ;
               of
               Property
               ;
               of
               Ambiguity
               ;
               of
               Logic
               ;
               of
               the
               Moods
               and
               Predicaments
               .
            
             
               The
               manner
               of
               his
               Death
               was
               thus
               :
               It
               happen'd
               that
               his
               Gums
               swell'd
               ,
               and
               began
               to
               putrifie
               ;
               whereupon
               ,
               the
               Physicians
               
               order'd
               him
               to
               abstain
               from
               Meat
               for
               two
               Days
               ;
               which
               recover'd
               him
               so
               well
               again
               ,
               that
               the
               Physicians
               allow'd
               him
               to
               eat
               what
               he
               pleas'd
               :
               But
               he
               was
               so
               far
               from
               making
               Use
               of
               that
               Liberty
               ,
               that
               on
               the
               other
               side
               ,
               he
               was
               resolv'd
               to
               eat
               nothing
               at
               all
               ;
               saying
               ,
               
                 He
                 was
                 at
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 his
                 Journey
                 ,
                 't
                 was
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
              
               ;
               and
               so
               starv'd
               himself
               to
               Death
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               liv'd
               to
               
               Zeno's
               Years
               ;
               of
               which
               he
               had
               been
               Nineteen
               his
               Scholar
               .
               The
               manner
               of
               whose
               Exit
               occasions
               the
               following
               Epigram
               of
               our
               own
               .
               
                 
                   Cleanthes
                   I
                   applaud
                   ;
                   but
                   Death
                   much
                   more
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   would
                   not
                   force
                   him
                   to
                   the
                   Stygian
                   Shoar
                   ;
                
                 
                   For
                   he
                   was
                   old
                   and
                   weak
                   ;
                   nay
                   more
                   then
                   so
                   ,
                
                 
                   Death
                   knew
                   th'
                   Old
                   Man
                   knew
                   his
                   own
                   time
                   to
                   go
                   .
                
                 
                   Death
                   therefore
                   let
                   him
                   stay
                   ,
                   till
                   he
                   believing
                
                 
                   H'
                   had
                   liv'd
                   too
                   long
                   ,
                   himself
                   gave
                   over
                   living
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               SPHAERVS
               .
            
             
               SPHAERVS
               the
               Bosphorian
               ,
               was
               a
               Hearer
               of
               Cleanthes
               after
               
               Zeno's
               Decease
               ;
               who
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               made
               a
               considerable
               Progress
               in
               his
               Studies
               ,
               went
               to
               Alexandria
               ;
               where
               he
               made
               his
               Addresses
               to
               
                 Ptolomy
                 Philopater
              
               .
               At
               what
               time
               a
               Dispute
               arising
               upon
               the
               Question
               ;
               Whether
               a
               wise
               man
               ever
               made
               any
               doubt
               of
               any
               Thing
               ?
               and
               Sphaerus
               maintaining
               ,
               That
               no
               wise
               man
               could
               be
               deceiv'd
               ;
               the
               King
               desirous
               to
               convince
               him
               ,
               caus'd
               certain
               Pomegranates
               made
               of
               Wax
               ,
               to
               be
               set
               before
               him
               ;
               with
               which
               when
               Sphaerus
               was
               deluded
               ,
               taking
               one
               upon
               his
               Trencher
               to
               eat
               it
               ,
               the
               King
               cry'd
               out
               ,
               That
               he
               had
               been
               led
               by
               the
               Nose
               with
               an
               idle
               and
               false
               Imagination
               .
               To
               whom
               Sphaerus
               made
               this
               ready
               Repartee
               ;
               That
               he
               knew
               they
               were
               no
               Pomegranates
               ;
               however
               't
               was
               probable
               they
               might
               be
               Pomegranates
               .
            
             
               Being
               accus'd
               by
               Mnesistratus
               ,
               for
               that
               he
               deny'd
               Ptolomy
               to
               be
               a
               King
               :
               he
               acknowledg'd
               the
               VVords
               ,
               with
               this
               Proviso
               ,
               
               if
               he
               were
               not
               wise
               ;
               For
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               if
               Ptolomy
               
                 be
                 such
                 a
                 manner
                 of
                 Person
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 say
                 he
                 is
                 a
                 King
                 much
                 more
                 ,
              
            
             
               He
               wrote
               several
               Pieces
               under
               several
               Titles
               :
               Of
               the
               World
               ;
               of
               the
               
                 Elements
                 of
                 Seed
              
               ;
               of
               Fortune
               ;
               of
               Atoms
               ;
               against
               Atoms
               and
               Idols
               ;
               of
               the
               Sences
               ;
               Upon
               the
               Discourses
               of
               Heraclitus
               ;
               of
               
                 Moral
                 Institutions
              
               ;
               of
               Duty
               ;
               of
               
                 Natural
                 Inclination
              
               ;
               of
               Perturbations
               ;
               of
               
                 Regal
                 Government
              
               ;
               of
               the
               Lacedaemon
               ;
               of
               Lycurgus
               and
               Socrates
               ;
               of
               Law
               ;
               of
               Divination
               ;
               of
               
                 Amorous
                 Dialogues
              
               ;
               of
               the
               
                 Eretriac
                 Philosophers
              
               ;
               of
               
                 Things
                 alike
              
               ;
               of
               Definitions
               ;
               of
               Habit
               :
               of
               Contradictions
               ;
               of
               
                 Riches
                 ,
                 Honour
                 ,
                 Death
              
               ;
               of
               the
               
                 Art
                 of
                 Logic
              
               ;
               of
               
                 Predicaments
                 ,
                 Amphibologies
              
               ,
               and
               Epistles
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               LIFE
               of
               CHRYSIPPVS
               .
            
             
               CHRYSIPPVS
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Apollonius
               ,
               of
               Soli
               ,
               or
               rather
               Tarsus
               ,
               (
               according
               to
               Alexander
               ,
               in
               his
               Successions
               )
               was
               the
               Disciple
               of
               Cleanthes
               .
            
             
               At
               first
               he
               taught
               Gentlemen
               to
               handle
               their
               Weapons
               ;
               but
               after
               that
               ,
               became
               the
               Disciple
               of
               Zeno
               ;
               or
               as
               Diocles
               reports
               of
               Cleanthes
               rather
               ,
               whom
               he
               also
               forsook
               in
               his
               Life-time
               .
            
             
               Nor
               was
               he
               a
               mean
               Person
               in
               Philosophy
               ,
               as
               being
               endu'd
               with
               profound
               Parts
               ,
               and
               a
               most
               sharp
               Wit
               ;
               so
               that
               he
               differ'd
               from
               Zeno
               and
               Cleanthes
               himself
               in
               many
               things
               ;
               to
               whom
               he
               would
               often
               say
               ,
               that
               he
               only
               wanted
               the
               Doctrinal
               Part
               ;
               for
               the
               Demonstrative
               Part
               ,
               he
               would
               find
               it
               out
               himself
               :
               Yet
               when
               he
               wrote
               against
               Cleanthes
               ,
               would
               often
               check
               himself
               ,
               and
               repeat
               the
               following
               Lines
               ;
               
                 
                   Were
                   it
                   another
                   ,
                   I
                   would
                   boast
                   my
                   Art
                   ;
                
                 
                   But
                   to
                   oppose
                   Cleanthes
                   ,
                   breaks
                   my
                   Heart
                   .
                
              
            
             
               He
               was
               so
               Famous
               a
               Logician
               ,
               that
               many
               said
               of
               him
               ,
               
                 If
                 the
                 Gods
                 wanted
              
               
               Logic
               ,
               
                 they
                 would
                 make
                 Vse
                 of
                 none
                 but
                 his
                 .
              
               Nevertheless
               ,
               though
               he
               abounded
               so
               much
               in
               Matter
               ,
               yet
               was
               he
               not
               soready
               at
               Expression
               ;
               but
               that
               he
               was
               very
               laborious
               ,
               his
               Writings
               testifie
               ,
               to
               the
               Number
               of
               Seventy
               five
               Treatises
               .
               So
               voluminous
               in
               his
               Invention
               ,
               that
               he
               wrote
               several
               times
               upon
               the
               same
               Subject
               ;
               setting
               down
               whatever
               came
               into
               his
               Mind
               ,
               and
               then
               making
               Alterations
               again
               ;
               and
               beside
               all
               this
               ,
               so
               full
               of
               Quotations
               ,
               that
               having
               inserted
               the
               whole
               Tragedy
               of
               Medea
               by
               Euripides
               ,
               into
               one
               of
               his
               Pieces
               ,
               and
               another
               who
               had
               the
               Book
               in
               his
               Hand
               ,
               was
               ask'd
               what
               he
               was
               reading
               ?
               He
               reply'd
               ,
               
                 Chrysippus's
                 Medea
                 .
                 Apollodorus
              
               the
               Athenian
               also
               going
               about
               to
               prove
               ,
               that
               Epicurus
               ,
               by
               the
               strength
               of
               his
               own
               Parts
               ,
               had
               written
               much
               more
               then
               ever
               Chrysippus
               wrote
               ,
               has
               this
               Expression
               ;
               For
               ,
               says
               he
               ,
               
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 should
                 take
                 out
                 of
              
               Chrysippus
               '
               
                 s
                 Works
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 none
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 world
                 of
                 Blank
                 Paper
                 .
              
               However
               ,
               as
               Diocles
               reports
               ,
               a
               certain
               Old
               Woman
               ,
               who
               was
               either
               his
               Governess
               or
               his
               Nurse
               ,
               assur'd
               several
               of
               his
               Friends
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               write
               five
               hundred
               Verses
               every
               Day
               .
               To
               all
               which
               Hecato
               adds
               ,
               That
               he
               then
               fell
               to
               the
               Study
               of
               Philosophy
               ,
               when
               he
               had
               spent
               all
               his
               Estate
               in
               the
               King's
               Service
               .
            
             
             
               He
               was
               a
               little
               spare-Body'd
               Man
               ,
               as
               appears
               by
               his
               Statue
               in
               the
               Ceramicum
               ,
               where
               he
               is
               hardly
               to
               be
               seen
               for
               the
               Statue
               of
               the
               Horseman
               that
               stands
               next
               him
               .
               Which
               was
               the
               Reason
               that
               Carneades
               call'd
               him
               *
               Krypsippus
               ,
               instead
               of
               †
               Chrysippus
               .
               And
               when
               it
               was
               thrown
               in
               his
               Dish
               ,
               that
               he
               did
               not
               Exercise
               with
               the
               rest
               ,
               that
               were
               a
               great
               many
               ,
               at
               
                 Aristo's
                 House
                 ;
                 Marry
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 if
                 I
                 should
                 keep
                 many
                 Company
                 ,
                 I
                 should
                 ne
                 re
                 be
                 a
              
               Philosopher
               .
               To
               Cleanthes
               his
               Logic
               lying
               before
               him
               ,
               and
               full
               of
               little
               Sophisms
               ,
               he
               us'd
               this
               Expression
               by
               way
               of
               
                 Prosopopoea
                 ,
                 Forbear
              
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               
                 to
                 entice
                 a
                 Young
                 Man
                 from
                 more
                 weighty
                 Thoughts
                 .
              
               Moreover
               ,
               if
               any
               Person
               came
               to
               ask
               him
               a
               Question
               ,
               he
               always
               endeavour'd
               to
               satisfie
               in
               private
               the
               best
               he
               could
               ;
               but
               when
               he
               saw
               a
               Crowd
               coming
               to
               him
               ,
               then
               he
               would
               presently
               fall
               a
               repeating
               those
               Verses
               of
               Euripides
               in
               his
               Orestes
               .
               
                 
                   Cousin
                   ,
                   I
                   know
                   th'
                   art
                   troubl'd
                   at
                   the
                   sight
                   ;
                
                 
                   Yet
                   lay
                   thy
                   Passion
                   by
                   ,
                   while
                   thou
                   art
                   sober
                   .
                
              
            
             
               When
               he
               drank
               hard
               ,
               he
               lay
               very
               quiet
               ,
               but
               that
               he
               would
               be
               always
               moving
               his
               Thighs
               ;
               which
               the
               Servant-Maid
               observing
               ,
               
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               That
               never
               any
               Part
               of
               Chrysippus
               was
               fuddl'd
               but
               his
               Hips
               .
            
             
               On
               the
               other
               side
               ,
               he
               had
               such
               an
               invincible
               high
               Conceit
               of
               himself
               ,
               that
               being
               ask'd
               by
               a
               certain
               Person
               ,
               Whom
               he
               should
               make
               Use
               of
               as
               a
               Tutor
               for
               his
               Son
               ?
               My self
               ,
               said
               he
               ;
               
                 for
                 if
                 I
                 thought
                 that
                 any
                 other
                 Man
                 excell'd
                 me
                 in
              
               Philosophy
               ,
               
                 I
                 would
                 my self
                 become
                 his
                 Scholar
                 .
              
               And
               therefore
               it
               was
               said
               of
               him
               ,
               
                 
                   He
                   's
                   the
                   wise
                   Man
                   ,
                   but
                   shadows
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                
                 
                   Of
                   that
                   same
                   Thing
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   they
                   so
                   contest
                   .
                
              
            
             
               And
               again
               ,
               
                 
                   Wer
                   't
                   not
                   but
                   that
                   
                   Chrysippus's
                   Renown
                
                 
                   Vpholds
                   it
                   ,
                   soon
                   the
                   Stoa
                   would
                   fal
                   ▪
                   down
                   .
                
              
            
             
               At
               length
               ,
               when
               Arcesilaus
               and
               Lacydes
               came
               into
               the
               Academy
               ,
               he
               associated
               with
               Them.
               For
               which
               Reason
               ,
               contrary
               to
               Custom
               ,
               he
               labour'd
               in
               Defence
               of
               it
               ;
               and
               in
               his
               Disputes
               of
               Magnitude
               and
               
               Multitude
               ,
               made
               Use
               of
               the
               Arguments
               of
               the
               Academics
               .
            
             
               At
               length
               as
               he
               was
               busily
               employ'd
               in
               the
               Odeion
               ,
               a
               Public
               Place
               in
               Athens
               (
               as
               Hermippus
               reports
               )
               he
               was
               invited
               by
               his
               Scholars
               ,
               to
               a
               Sacrifice
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               ,
               upon
               his
               drinking
               of
               new
               sweet
               Wine
               ,
               he
               was
               taken
               with
               a
               Dizziness
               in
               his
               Head
               ,
               and
               the
               Fifth
               day
               after
               ,
               expir'd
               ,
               in
               the
               Twenty
               third
               Olympiad
               ,
               after
               he
               had
               liv'd
               Seventy
               three
               Years
               .
               
                 
                   Fuddl'd
                   Chrysippus
                   a
                   Vertigo
                   took
                   :
                
                 
                   What
                   car'd
                   he
                   then
                   for
                   Stoa
                   or
                   his
                   Book
                   ?
                
                 
                   For
                   Country
                   or
                   for
                   Soul
                   ?
                   All
                   went
                   to
                   rack
                   ;
                
                 
                   So
                   ,
                   to
                   th'
                   Abyss
                   he
                   pac'd
                   the
                   common
                   Track
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Some
               say
               ,
               he
               expir'd
               in
               an
               excessive
               Fit
               of
               Laughter
               ,
               for
               that
               seeing
               an
               ●ss
               eat
               Figs
               ,
               he
               bid
               his
               old
               Woman
               give
               him
               some
               new
               Wine
               to
               his
               Meat
               :
               Which
               when
               the
               Ass
               tippl'd
               with
               that
               Freedom
               as
               he
               did
               ,
               it
               put
               him
               into
               such
               an
               extream
               Laughter
               ,
               that
               he
               expir'd
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               his
               Mirth
               .
            
             
               He
               seem'd
               to
               have
               been
               a
               great
               Contemner
               of
               other
               Men
               ;
               for
               that
               of
               all
               his
               numerous
               Volumes
               ,
               he
               never
               made
               the
               
               least
               Dedication
               to
               any
               Prince
               ;
               contenting
               himself
               only
               with
               the
               Society
               of
               a
               little
               Old
               Woman
               ;
               as
               Demetrius
               records
               of
               him
               in
               his
               Homonynia
               .
            
             
               Also
               when
               Demetrius
               sent
               to
               Cleanthes
               an
               Invitation
               ,
               either
               to
               come
               to
               him
               himself
               ,
               or
               send
               another
               ,
               Sphaerus
               was
               sent
               ;
               for
               that
               Chrysipus
               refus'd
               to
               go
               .
               But
               associating
               with
               himself
               his
               Sisters
               Sons
               ,
               Aristocreon
               and
               Philocrates
               ,
               with
               a
               handsom
               Train
               of
               other
               Disciples
               ,
               he
               was
               the
               first
               that
               presum'd
               to
               teach
               in
               the
               Lycaeum
               in
               the
               open
               Ayr
               ;
               as
               the
               foremention'd
               Demetrius
               testifies
               .
            
             
               There
               was
               also
               another
               Chrysippus
               ,
               a
               Gnidian
               ,
               and
               a
               Physician
               ,
               by
               whom
               Erasistratus
               acknowledges
               ,
               that
               he
               profited
               very
               much
               :
               And
               another
               ,
               who
               was
               Son
               to
               the
               former
               ,
               and
               Physician
               to
               Ptolomy
               ;
               who
               upon
               an
               Accusation
               brought
               against
               him
               ,
               was
               first
               ignominiously
               whipp'd
               ,
               and
               then
               put
               to
               Death
               .
               Another
               ,
               that
               was
               the
               Disciple
               of
               Erasistratus
               ;
               and
               one
               more
               that
               was
               a
               Writer
               of
               Georgies
               .
            
             
               But
               now
               to
               return
               to
               our
               Philosopher
               ,
               he
               was
               wont
               to
               put
               such
               Arguments
               as
               these
               upon
               several
               Persons
               .
            
             
             
               He
               that
               divulges
               the
               Sacred
               Mysteries
               to
               Prophane
               Persons
               ,
               is
               himself
               impious
               ;
               but
               Hierophantus
               discloses
               the
               Sacred
               Mysteries
               to
               those
               that
               are
               not
               initiated
               ;
               therefore
               Hierophantus
               is
               an
               impious
               Person
               .
            
             
               Again
               ,
               What
               is
               not
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               is
               neither
               at
               home
               in
               the
               House
               ;
               but
               there
               is
               ne'r
               a
               Well
               in
               the
               City
               ;
               therefore
               not
               in
               the
               House
               .
            
             
               Again
               ,
               There
               is
               a
               certain
               Thing
               call'd
               a
               Head
               ;
               but
               thou
               hast
               not
               that
               Thing
               ;
               therefore
               thou
               hast
               ne'r
               a
               Head.
               
            
             
               In
               like
               manner
               ,
               He
               that
               is
               at
               Megara
               ,
               is
               not
               at
               Athens
               ;
               but
               there
               is
               a
               Man
               at
               Megara
               ;
               therefore
               there
               is
               no
               Man
               at
               Athens
               .
            
             
               In
               like
               manner
               ;
               What
               a
               man
               speaks
               ,
               passes
               through
               his
               Mouth
               ;
               but
               he
               speaks
               Cart
               ;
               therefore
               a
               Cart
               passes
               through
               his
               Mouth
               .
            
             
               Lastly
               ,
               What
               thou
               didst
               never
               lose
               ,
               that
               thou
               hast
               ;
               thou
               never
               didst
               lose
               Horns
               ;
               therefore
               thou
               hast
               Horns
               .
            
             
               Moreover
               ,
               there
               are
               not
               wanting
               some
               that
               foully
               bespatter
               Chrysippus
               ,
               and
               tax
               him
               for
               having
               written
               many
               things
               obscenely
               :
               For
               that
               in
               his
               History
               of
               the
               Ancient
               Naturalists
               ,
               he
               feigns
               many
               scurrilous
               
               things
               of
               Juno
               and
               Jupiter
               ;
               reciting
               in
               six
               hundred
               Verses
               those
               things
               which
               no
               other
               then
               a
               foul-mouth'd
               Person
               would
               have
               utter'd
               ;
               fitter
               for
               a
               Brothel-House
               ,
               then
               to
               be
               spoken
               of
               the
               Gods
               ;
               though
               he
               applauds
               it
               for
               a
               Natural
               Allegory
               :
               For
               which
               Reason
               it
               was
               left
               out
               by
               those
               that
               collected
               the
               Catalogues
               of
               Books
               in
               those
               Times
               ;
               for
               that
               neither
               Polemo
               ,
               nor
               Hypsicrates
               ,
               nor
               Antigonus
               make
               any
               mention
               of
               it
               .
            
             
               That
               in
               his
               Common-wealth
               he
               allows
               a
               Community
               between
               Mothers
               ,
               Daughters
               and
               Sons
               .
            
             
               And
               that
               he
               vents
               the
               same
               Paradoxes
               in
               his
               
                 Treatise
                 of
                 those
                 Things
                 which
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 preferr'd
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 sakes
                 .
              
            
             
               That
               in
               his
               Book
               of
               the
               Law
               ,
               he
               allows
               and
               exhorts
               People
               to
               eat
               their
               Dead
               .
            
             
               In
               his
               Second
               Book
               of
               Livelihood
               and
               Trade
               ,
               endeavouring
               to
               find
               out
               a
               way
               ,
               how
               a
               Wise
               Man
               might
               deal
               in
               the
               World
               ,
               and
               to
               what
               end
               he
               might
               be
               admitted
               to
               seek
               after
               Gain
               .
               If
               for
               the
               sake
               of
               a
               Livelihood
               ,
               says
               he
               ,
               Life
               is
               an
               indifferent
               thing
               .
               If
               for
               Pleasure's
               sake
               ,
               that
               is
               also
               an
               indifferent
               thing
               :
               If
               for
               Virtue
               's
               sake
               ,
               that
               alone
               is
               sufficient
               to
               render
               Life
               happy
               .
               Besides
               ,
               the
               ways
               of
               gaining
               are
               very
               ridiculous
               ;
               for
               if
               a
               Man
               be
               supply'd
               
               by
               his
               Prince
               ,
               he
               must
               creep
               and
               cringe
               for
               it
               ;
               if
               he
               accept
               from
               his
               Friend
               ,
               his
               own
               Friendship
               is
               bought
               ;
               if
               he
               gain
               by
               his
               Wisdom
               ,
               that
               also
               becomes
               Mercenary
               :
               And
               these
               are
               the
               Extravagancies
               which
               they
               lay
               to
               his
               Charge
               .
            
             
               Now
               then
               to
               give
               a
               Catalogue
               of
               his
               Works
               ,
               which
               are
               highly
               esteem'd
               ;
               among
               others
               ,
               we
               find
               'em
               number'd
               up
               in
               this
               Order
               ;
               
                 Logical
                 Topics
                 ;
                 Logical
                 Questions
                 ;
                 Philosophical
                 Questions
                 ;
                 Philosophical
                 Considerations
                 ;
                 Logical
                 Terminations
              
               ;
               Six
               Books
               to
               Metrodorus
               ;
               of
               
                 Logical
                 Names
              
               ;
               his
               
                 Art
                 of
                 Logic
              
               against
               Zeno.
               To
               Aristagorus
               ;
               of
               
                 conjoyn'd
                 Probabilities
              
               ,
               to
               Dioscorides
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               Syntaxis
               ;
               Of
               
                 Logical
                 Moods
                 ,
                 relating
                 to
                 Things
                 :
              
               of
               Enunciates
               :
               of
               
                 Compound
                 Enunciates
              
               :
               of
               
                 Connex'd
                 Propositions
              
               to
               Athenades
               :
               of
               
                 Negations
                 ▪
              
               to
               Aristagoras
               :
               of
               Predicables
               ,
               to
               Athenodorus
               :
               of
               
                 Things
                 according
                 to
                 Privation
              
               ,
               to
               Thearus
               :
               of
               the
               
                 Best
                 Enunciates
              
               ,
               to
               Dio
               :
               of
               the
               
                 Difference
                 of
                 Indefinites
              
               :
               of
               
                 Things
                 spoken
                 according
                 to
                 Time
              
               ;
               in
               Two
               Books
               :
               of
               
                 Perfect
                 Enunciates
              
               ,
               in
               Two
               Books
               :
               of
               
                 Truth
                 disjoyn'd
              
               ,
               to
               Gorgippides
               :
               of
               
                 Truth
                 conjoyn'd
              
               ,
               to
               the
               same
               Person
               ;
               in
               Four
               Books
               :
               
               of
               Consequences
               :
               of
               the
               
                 Number
                 Three
              
               :
               of
               
                 Possibles
                 ▪
              
               to
               Clitus
               ;
               in
               Four
               Books
               :
               of
               
                 Significations
                 ▪
              
               to
               Philo
               ;
               one
               Book
               :
               
                 What
                 Things
                 are
                 false
              
               ;
               in
               one
               Book
               .
            
             
               The
               Second
               Syntax
               :
               of
               Precepts
               ;
               Two
               Books
               :
               of
               Interrogations
               ;
               in
               Two
               Books
               :
               of
               Answers
               ;
               in
               Four
               Books
               An
               
                 Epitome
                 of
                 Answers
              
               ;
               in
               one
               Book
               :
               of
               Questions
               again
               ;
               Two
               Books
               :
               of
               Answers
               ,
               in
               One
               Book
               :
            
             
               The
               Third
               Syntax
               .
               Of
               the
               Predicaments
               ;
               to
               Metrodorus
               ,
               in
               Ten
               Books
               :
               of
               
                 Right
                 and
                 Crooked
                 Lines
              
               ,
               to
               Philanthus
               :
               of
               Conjunctions
               ,
               to
               Apollodorus
               :
               of
               the
               Predicaments
               ,
               to
               Pasylus
               ,
               in
               Four
               Books
               .
            
             
               The
               Fourth
               Syntax
               .
               Of
               the
               
                 Five
                 Cases
              
               ,
               in
               one
               Book
               :
               of
               
                 Enunciates
                 defin'd
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Subject
              
               ;
               in
               one
               Book
               :
               of
               Appellatives
               :
               of
               Explanation
               ,
               to
               Stesagoras
               ,
               in
               Two
               Books
               :
               A
               
                 Logical
                 Argument
                 concerning
                 Words
                 ;
                 and
                 Speech
                 ,
                 which
                 consists
                 of
                 Words
                 .
              
            
             
               The
               First
               Syntaxis
               .
               Of
               single
               and
               compound
               Enunciates
               ,
               in
               Six
               Books
               :
               of
               Expressions
               to
               Sosigenes
               and
               Alexander
               ,
               in
               Five
               Books
               :
               of
               the
               Inequality
               of
               Words
               ,
               to
               Dio
               ,
               in
               Four
               Books
               :
               of
               some
               Questions
               :
               of
               Soloecisms
               ,
               one
               Book
               :
               Soloecizing
               Orations
               ,
               to
               Dionysius
               :
               of
               Orations
               contrary
               to
               
               Custom
               :
               Readings
               ,
               to
               Dionysius
               .
            
             
               The
               Second
               Syntax
               .
               Of
               the
               Elements
               of
               Speech
               ;
               five
               Books
               :
               Of
               the
               Order
               of
               Words
               in
               those
               things
               which
               are
               spoken
               :
               Of
               the
               Order
               and
               Elements
               of
               those
               things
               that
               are
               spoken
               ;
               to
               Philip
               ,
               in
               Three
               Books
               ,
               Of
               the
               Elements
               ,
               to
               Nicias
               ;
               one
               Book
               :
               of
               what
               may
               be
               said
               in
               reference
               to
               other
               things
               .
            
             
               The
               Third
               Syntax
               .
               Against
               those
               that
               never
               divide
               :
               of
               Ambiguities
               ,
               one
               Book
               :
               of
               the
               Connexion
               of
               Tropic
               Amphibology
               :
               An
               Answer
               to
               Panthoedus
               concerning
               Ambiguities
               :
               of
               Introduction
               to
               Ambiguities
               ,
               in
               Five
               Books
               :
               An
               Epitome
               of
               Ambiguities
               ,
               to
               Epicrates
               :
               Additions
               to
               the
               Introduction
               of
               Ambiguities
               :
               Logical
               Places
               for
               Orations
               and
               Tropes
               .
            
             
               The
               First
               Syntax
               .
               The
               Art
               of
               weaving
               Orations
               and
               Tropes
               ,
               to
               Dioscorides
               :
               of
               Orations
               ,
               three
               Books
               :
               Of
               the
               Stability
               of
               the
               Moods
               ,
               in
               two
               Books
               ,
               to
               Stesagoras
               :
               A
               Comparison
               between
               Tropical
               Enunciates
               ,
               in
               one
               Book
               :
               Of
               reciprocal
               and
               conjoyn'd
               Orations
               ,
               in
               one
               Book
               ,
               to
               Agatho
               :
               of
               consequent
               Problems
               ,
               in
               one
               Book
               :
               of
               Conclusions
               ,
               to
               Aristagoras
               ,
               in
               one
               Book
               :
               That
               the
               same
               Oration
               may
               consist
               of
               several
               Moods
               .
               An
               Answer
               
               to
               them
               that
               aver
               the
               same
               Oration
               may
               be
               Syllogistical
               ,
               and
               not
               Syllogistical
               :
               An
               Answer
               to
               the
               Objections
               against
               Sillogistical
               Solutions
               :
               An
               Answer
               to
               Philo
               :
               Of
               Tropes
               ,
               to
               
                 Timostratus
                 :
                 Logic
              
               conjoyn'd
               ,
               to
               Timocrates
               and
               Philomathes
               :
               Of
               Orationsand
               Tropicks
               ,
               one
               Book
               .
            
             
               The
               Second
               Syntax
               .
               Of
               concluding
               Orations
               ,
               to
               Zeno
               ,
               in
               one
               Book
               :
               of
               primary
               Sillogisins
               wanting
               Demonstration
               ,
               to
               Zeno
               ;
               one
               Book
               :
               of
               the
               Solution
               of
               Sillogisms
               ,
               one
               Book
               :
               of
               Fallacious
               Orations
               ,
               to
               Pasylus
               :
               Of
               the
               Speculations
               of
               Syllogisms
               ,
               Of
               Introductory
               Sillogisms
               ,
               in
               Answer
               to
               Zeno
               ,
               in
               three
               Books
               :
               Of
               the
               false
               Figures
               of
               Sillogisms
               :
               Sillogistical
               Orations
               by
               way
               of
               Analysis
               ,
               in
               such
               as
               wanted
               Demonstration
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               Tropical
               Questions
               ,
               to
               
                 Zeno
                 &
                 Philomathes
              
               .
            
             
               The
               Third
               Syntax
               .
               Of
               incident
               Orations
               ,
               to
               Athenades
               :
               In
               Answer
               to
               the
               Conjunctives
               of
               Amenius
               .
            
             
               The
               Fourth
               Syntax
               .
               Of
               Hypotheses
               ,
               to
               Meleager
               :
               Hypothetical
               Orations
               ,
               relating
               to
               Introduction
               ;
               Hypothetical
               Speculations
               ,
               falsly
               superscrib'd
               to
               Alexander
               :
               Of
               Expositions
               ,
               to
               Leodamus
               .
            
             
               The
               Fifth
               Syntax
               .
               Of
               Introduction
               to
               Palshood
               :
               of
               Fallacy
               ,
               to
               Aristocreon
               :
               In
               answer
               to
               those
               ,
               who
               believe
               True
               and
               
               False
               to
               be
               the
               same
               thing
               ,
               In
               answer
               to
               those
               that
               analize
               a
               false
               Oration
               by
               way
               of
               Division
               ,
               to
               Aristocreon
               :
               Two
               Demonstrations
               that
               Infinities
               cannot
               be
               divided
               :
               An
               Answer
               to
               the
               Objections
               to
               the
               Divisions
               of
               Infinite
               :
               of
               the
               Solution
               of
               false
               Oration
               ,
               to
               Aristocreon
               :
               A
               Solution
               of
               
                 Hedyllus
                 Hypotheses's
              
               ,
               to
               Aristocreon
               and
               Apellas
               .
            
             
               The
               Seventh
               Syntax
               .
               In
               answer
               to
               those
               that
               affirm
               a
               false
               Oration
               has
               false
               Assertions
               :
               of
               Negation
               ,
               to
               Aristocreon
               :
               Negative
               Orations
               ,
               to
               Gymnasius
               :
               of
               pitiful
               Oratory
               ,
               to
               Stesagoras
               :
               of
               Orations
               against
               Suppositions
               ,
               and
               of
               Quiescents
               :
               of
               Involv'd
               ,
               to
               Aristobulus
               :
               of
               Latent
               ,
               to
               Athenades
               .
            
             
               The
               Eighth
               Syntax
               .
               Of
               Profitable
               ,
               to
               Menacrates
               :
               of
               Orations
               consisting
               of
               Infinite
               and
               Finite
               ,
               to
               Pasylus
               :
               of
               the
               Argument
               call'd
               Outis
               ,
               to
               Epicrates
               .
            
             
               The
               Ninth
               
                 Syntax
                 .
                 Of
                 Sophisms
              
               ,
               to
               Heraclides
               and
               Pollis
               :
               of
               ambiguous
               Logical
               Orations
               ,
               in
               five
               Books
               ,
               to
               Dioscorides
               :
               In
               answer
               to
               the
               Art
               of
               Arcesilaus
               ,
               to
               Sphaerus
               .
            
             
               The
               Tenth
               
                 Syntax
                 ▪
              
               Against
               Custom
               ,
               to
               Metrodorus
               :
               of
               Custom
               ,
               to
               Gorgippides
               :
               Logical
               Places
               ,
               which
               contain
               
               the
               four
               Differences
               ,
               and
               Logical
               Questions
               here
               ▪
               &
               there
               dispers'd
               ,
               not
               reduc'd
               into
               one
               Body
               :
               Thirty
               nine
               Questions
               concerning
               Enunciates
               :
               In
               all
               ,
               Three
               Hundred
               and
               Ten
               Logical
               Treatises
               .
            
             
               His
               Moral
               Treatises
               were
               reduc'd
               under
               several
               Syntaxes
               :
            
             
               Of
               which
               ,
               the
               First
               contain'd
               ,
               A
               De-scription
               of
               Reason
               ;
               Moral
               Questions
               ;
               Probable
               Questions
               ;
               Definitions
               of
               Facetious
               ;
               Definition
               of
               Rusticity
               and
               Homliness
               of
               Style
               ;
               Middle
               Definitions
               ;
               Generical
               Definitions
               ;
               and
               Definitions
               in
               several
               Arts.
               
            
             
               The
               Second
               Syntax
               contain'd
               a
               Treatise
               of
               Similar
               Things
               ,
               and
               of
               Definitions
               ,
               to
               Metrodorus
               ,
               in
               seven
               Books
               .
            
             
               The
               Third
               Syntax
               comprehended
               an
               Enumeration
               of
               bad
               Obiections
               against
               Definitions
               ;
               Probabilities
               for
               Definitions
               ;
               of
               Species
               and
               Genus
               ;
               of
               Divisions
               of
               Contraries
               ;
               of
               Probables
               ,
               relating
               to
               to
               Definitions
               ,
               Genus's
               and
               Species's
               .
            
             
               The
               Fourth
               Syntax
               .
               Of
               Etymology
               .
            
             
               The
               Fifth
               Syntax
               .
               Of
               Proverbs
               ,
               of
               Poems
               ;
               What
               Use
               to
               be
               made
               of
               Poems
               ;
               Against
               Critics
               ;
               Moral
               Places
               :
               For
               all
               manner
               of
               Oration
               ,
               Arts
               and
               Vertues
               ;
               of
               Utterance
               and
               Thinking
               ▪
               of
               Thoughts
               ;
               of
               Doubting
               ;
               An
               Answer
               to
               the
               Assertion
               ,
               That
               a
               Wise
               Man
               never
               doubts
               ;
               of
            
             
             
               Apprehension
               ,
               Knowledge
               and
               Ignorance
               ;
               of
               Speech
               ;
               of
               the
               Use
               of
               Speech
               ;
               of
               Logic
               ;
               of
               the
               Objections
               against
               Logic
               ;
               of
               Rhetoric
               ;
               of
               Habitude
               ;
               of
               Diligence
               and
               Sloth
               ;
               Of
               the
               Difference
               of
               Virtues
               ;
               That
               the
               Virtues
               are
               equal
               ;
               of
               the
               Virtues
               ,
               to
               Polis
               ;
               Moral
               Places
               ;
               of
               Good
               and
               〈…〉
               ;
               of
               Honesty
               ,
               Honour
               ,
               and
               Pl●…
               ▪
               That
               Virtue
               is
               not
               the
               ●nd
               ;
               〈…〉
               Virtue
               is
               not
               the
               chiefly
               sought
               for
               Good
               ;
               Of
               what
               Things
               are
               fit
               to
               be
               spoken
               .
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A36037-e180
           
             The
             Time
             wherein
             he
             flourish'd
             .
          
           
             The
             Place
             of
             his
             Birth
             .
          
           
             His
             Manners
             .
          
           
             What
             Sect
             he
             was
             of
             .
          
           
             His
             Learning
             .
          
           
             His
             Writings
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36037-e1570
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             *
             Strange
             Women
             were
             as
             infamous
             at
             Athens
             as
             the●
             were
             in
             Judaea
             ,
             and
             it
             was
             as
             unlawful
             to
             marry
             with
             them
             ▪
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             *
             
               I
               read
            
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             for
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Here
             was
             the
             beginning
             of
             Doublets
             and
             Jerkins
             .
          
           
             †
             I
             read
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             for
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             with
             Salmasius
             in
             his
             Treatise
             de
             Pallio
             .
          
           
             *
             Epicurus
             .
          
           
             He
             played
             upon
             the
             name
             of
             Isocrates
             .
          
           
             *
             I
             read
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             for
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             See
             in
             the
             Names
             of
             his
             Books
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             
               may
               be
               taken
               for
               Law
               ,
               or
               publick
               Opinion
               as
               well
               as
               for
               Money
               .
            
          
           
             *
             That
             is
             ,
             Stamp
             fall
             :
             Coin
             ,
             or
             maintain
             Paradoxical
             Opinions
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             
               a
               Pun.
            
             
          
           
             *
             So
             I
             read
             for
             Eubulus
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             
               A
               Pun.
            
             
          
           
             *
             The
             
               Digitus
               infamis
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             Keramicon
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             *
             He
             noted
             Plato's
             return
             to
             Dionsiyus
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Ancients
             Cloathed
             their
             Sheep
             to
             save
             theirWool
             .
             See
             
               Varro
               de
               re
               Rustica
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Exanthomata
             ,
             signify
             also
             Pimples
             or
             Breakin
             gs
             out
             .
             
               a
               Pun.
            
             
          
           
             *
             Called
             Co●stus
             .
          
           
             I
             read
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             for
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             with
             M.
             Casaubon
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             which
             were
             the
             same
             with
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             or
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Their
             Office
             was
             to
             consult
             the
             Oracles
             ,
             and
             to
             record
             their
             Answers
             ,
             and
             to
             look
             after
             the
             Sacred
             Treasury
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             certain
             way
             of
             making
             Musick
             by
             dashing
             of
             Wine
             against
             the
             Floor
             in
             their
             Livations
             .
          
           
             *
             I
             read
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             not
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Here
             I
             read
             with
             Menagius
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             for
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             In
             Greek
             ,
             is
             to
             Feed
             .
             
               It
               is
               a
               Pun.
            
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             
               A
               Pun.
            
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             
               are
               the
               Testicles
               .
               Another
               Pun.
               
            
          
           
             *
             There
             was
             .
             a
             Judicature
             at
             Athens
             ,
             called
             Phrear
             ,
             or
             the
             Well
             .
             This
             also
             is
             a
             Pun.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             and
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             
               is
               another
               Pun.
            
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Signifies
             both
             driving
             and
             Olives
             .
             It
             is
             a
             Pun.
             
          
           
             They
             were
             the
             Pictures
             of
             Men
             in
             Shipwrack
             .
          
           
             Chiron
             is
             in
             Greek
             ,
             Worse
             ,
             and
             the
             name
             of
             a
             Centaure
             ,
             and
             Eurytion
             ,
             the
             Name
             of
             a
             Man.
             
          
           
             That
             is
             of
             Mars
             ,
             who
             was
             so
             called
             by
             the
             Assyrians
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             Is
             a
             House
             of
             Vice
             ,
             and
             Tegea
             an
             Arcadian
             City
             ;
             and
             so
             it
             is
             a
             Pun.
             
          
           
             Or
             a
             Citizen
             of
             the
             World.
             
          
           
             
               I
               suppose
               he
               turned
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               into
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               to
               make
               a
               Joke
               of
               it
               .
            
          
           
             *
             That
             is
             ,
             Course
             Bread.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             and
             Pupilla
             signify
             a
             Virgin
             as
             well
             as
             the
             Eye-sight
             .
             This
             is
             therefore
             a
             Pun.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             
               with
               the
               Gods
               may
               signify
               by
               the
               help
               of
               the
               Gods
               ,
               and
               so
               it
               is
               a
               Pun.
               
            
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Not●
             bene
             .
          
           
             *
             Laercius
             mas
             an
             Epicurean
             .
          
           
             *
             Tully
             calls
             him
             Harpalus
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Here
             read
             with
             Menagius
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             for
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             Neates
             foot
             .
          
           
             *
             His
             name
             signifies
             sprung
             of
             Jupiter
             .
          
           
             *
             Alterwise
             :
             Tomb
             Stones
             were
             Origina
             Altars
             .
          
           
             *
             So
             
               Jo.
               Meursius
            
             amends
             i●
             :
             it
             was
             Thirteenth
             in
             the
             Copy
             .
          
           
             *
             So
             I
             read
             for
             Helena
             out
             of
             Athenaeus
             .
          
           
             *
             
               So
               I
               read
               for
            
             Socrates
             .
          
           
             *
             So
             Casaubon
             and
             Menagius
             :
             It
             is
             ten
             in
             the
             Copy
             .
          
           
             *
             I
             insert
             here
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             with
             Menagius
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Clement
             of
             Alexandria
             saith
             ,
             he
             called
             it
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             or
             Dog-Wedlock
             .
             See
             
             Menagius's
             Notes
             .
          
           
             *
             As
             if
             he
             had
             been
             a
             Carver
             or
             Painter
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             spoken
             of
             Valcan
             in
             Homer
             ,
             who
             was
             thrown
             down
             from
             Heaven
             by
             Jupiter
             ,
             and
             fell
             in
             the
             Island
             Lemnos
             .
          
           
             *
             
               Meric
               Casaubon
            
             thinks
             Thetis
             here
             alludes
             to
             the
             first
             Syllable
             of
             Theophrastus
             :
             But
             I
             believe
             he
             m●●nt
             Water
             by
             Thetis
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             insiuaated
             the
             Weakness
             and
             insipidness
             of
             those
             Writings
             he
             committed
             to
             Vulcans
             Discipline
             .
          
           
             *
             
               Note
               ,
               the
            
             Grecian
             
               Women
               were
               not
               allowed
               to
               go
               to
               Feasts
               ,
               or
               to
               cat
               with
               Men.
               
            
          
           
             *
             Women
             in
             ancient
             times
             were
             the
             only
             Weavers
             .
          
           
             *
             This
             passage
             sh●ws
             that
             the
             Lives
             of
             Metrocles
             and
             Hipparchia
             are
             to
             be
             included
             in
             that
             of
             Crates
             ,
             and
             therefore
             
             Menagius's
             Corrections
             may
             be
             here
             spared
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             This
             is
             the
             Epicurean
             Atheist
             that
             Plutarch
             wrote
             two
             Tracts
             against
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             *
             A
             Street
             in
             Athens
             ,
             where
             all
             the
             common
             Curtesans
             liv'd
             .
          
           
             Cicero
             also
             acknowledges
             his
             Commonwealth
             to
             have
             been
             but
             a
             kind
             of
             Slovenly
             Piece
             .
          
           
             Pliny
             
               recites
               it
               thus
            
             ;
             Thou
             dost
             but
             command
             me
             ,
             O
             Fortune
             ,
             to
             become
             a
             Philosopher
             so
             much
             the
             sooner
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Prutany
             was
             a
             Councel
             of
             50
             Men
             ,
             of
             whom
             10
             made
             a
             Court
             ;
             and
             govern'd
             by
             Turns
             in
             their
             Months
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             Fifth
             Prutany
             happen'd
             to
             be
             in
             August
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Place
             appointed
             for
             the
             Burial
             of
             those
             that
             were
             slain
             in
             the
             Wars
             .
          
           
             *
             Cicero
             renders
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Principatus
             Animi
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             made
             Word
             ,
             to
             signifie
             a
             Bleating
             Foool
             ;
             〈…〉
             whence
             the
             French
             Word
             Belitre
             ,
             a
             Ram.
             
          
           
             *
             Or
             Purity
             of
             Idiom
             in
             any
             Language
             whatever
             :
          
           
             *
             Priscian
             translates
             the
             Word
             Axiomata
             ,
             Dignities
             ,
             or
             Congruities
             .
          
           
             *
             Here
             Leertius
             is
             censusur'd
             by
             Cucius
             and
             Casaubon
             ,
             to
             have
             mistaken
             ;
             for
             that
             which
             he
             calls
             Involv'd
             ,
             is
             the
             Sorites
             .
          
           
             So
             Cicero
             renders
             the
             Word
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             *
             For
             it
             is
             impossible
             that
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             in
             this
             Place
             should
             signifie
             Integrity
             ;
             and
             therefore
             I
             render'd
             it
             
               Proportion
               of
               Limbs
            
             ,
             as
             agreeing
             with
             the
             next
             Word
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Beautiful
             .
          
           
             *
             Strigile
             was
             an
             Instrument
             which
             the
             Ancients
             as'd
             to
             cleanse
             their
             Bodies
             in
             their
             Baths
             :
             Of
             which
             ,
             see
             the
             Form
             and
             Vse
             in
             Martial
             and
             
               Petronius
               Arbiter
            
             .
          
           
             *
             For
             so
             Cicero
             ,
             renders
             the
             Word
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Conatum
             ,
             and
             not
             Insidium
             .
          
           
             †
             There
             is
             a
             confess'd
             Mistake
             in
             this
             Place
             ,
             not
             be
             corrected
             .
          
           
             *
             
               A
               Public
               Place
               of
               Exercise
               in
            
             Athens
             ,
             
               so
               caled
               from
               a
               White
               Dog.
               
            
          
           
             *
             Or
             hidden
             by
             the
             Horse
             .
          
           
             †
             Golden
             Horse