A chronological account of the life of Pythagoras, and of other famous men his contemporaries with an epistle to the Rd. Dr. Bently, about Porphyry's and Jamblicus's lives of Pythagoras / by the Right Reverand Father in God, William, Ld. Bp. of Coventry and Lichfield.
         Lloyd, William, 1627-1717.
      
       
         
           1699
        
      
       Approx. 124 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 39 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images.
       
         Text Creation Partnership,
         Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :
         2005-03 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).
         A48814
         Wing L2674
         ESTC R39066
         18208532
         ocm 18208532
         107134
         
           
            This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of
             Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal
            . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
          
        
      
       
         Early English books online.
      
       
         (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A48814)
         Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 107134)
         Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1127:14)
      
       
         
           
             A chronological account of the life of Pythagoras, and of other famous men his contemporaries with an epistle to the Rd. Dr. Bently, about Porphyry's and Jamblicus's lives of Pythagoras / by the Right Reverand Father in God, William, Ld. Bp. of Coventry and Lichfield.
             Lloyd, William, 1627-1717.
          
           lviii, 18 p.
           
             Printed by J.H. for H. Mortlock ... and J. Hartley ...,
             London :
             1699.
          
           
             Errata: p. 18.
             Imperfect: stained, with slight loss of print.
             Reproduction of original in the Bodleian Library.
             Includes bibliographical references.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford.
         Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors.
      
       
         EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO.
         EEBO-TCP aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org).
         The EEBO-TCP project was divided into two phases. The 25,363 texts created during Phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 January 2015. Anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source.
         Users should be aware of the process of creating the TCP texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data.
         Text selection was based on the New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (NCBEL). If an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in NCBEL, then their works are eligible for inclusion. Selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. In general, first editions of a works in English were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably Latin and Welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so.
         Image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor.
         The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines.
         Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements).
         
          Keying and markup guidelines are available at the
           Text Creation Partnership web site
          .
        
      
       
         
         
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Pythagoras and Pythagorean school.
           Philosophy, Ancient.
        
      
    
     
        2003-11 TCP
        Assigned for keying and markup
      
        2003-12 SPi Global
        Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images
      
        2004-12 Mona Logarbo
        Sampled and proofread
      
        2004-12 Mona Logarbo
        Text and markup reviewed and edited
      
        2005-01 pfs
        Batch review (QC) and XML conversion
      
    
  
   
     
       
         
         
           A
           Chronological
           Account
           Of
           the
           LIFE
           of
           PYTHAGORAS
           ,
           AND
           OF
           Other
           Famous
           Men
           His
           Contemporaries
           .
           With
           an
           Epistle
           to
           the
           R
           d
           Dr.
           BENTLEY
           ,
           ABOUT
           
           Porphyry's
           and
           
           Jamblichus's
           Lives
           of
           Pythagoras
           .
        
         
           By
           the
           Right
           Reverend
           Father
           in
           God
           ,
           William
           ,
           L
           d
           B
           p
           of
           Coventry
           and
           Lichfield
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             J.
             H.
          
           for
           
             H.
             Mortlock
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Phoenix
           in
           St.
           
           Paul's
           Church-yard
           ;
           and
           
             J.
             Hartley
          
           ,
           against
           Gray's-Inn-Gate
           in
           Holborn
           ,
           1699.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           To
           the
           Reverend
           Dr.
           BENTLEY
           .
        
         
           
             SIR
             ,
          
        
         
           YOV
           are
           pleas'd
           to
           ask
           my
           Opinion
           concerning
           the
           time
           of
           the
           Birth
           and
           Death
           of
           Pythagoras
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           chief
           Passages
           of
           his
           Life
           ;
           and
           also
           of
           the
           Lives
           of
           other
           famous
           Men
           his
           Contemporaries
           .
           I
           am
           sure
           you
           know
           these
           things
           better
           than
           I
           ;
           and
           therefore
           you
           need
           not
           come
           to
           me
           for
           Information
           .
           But
           if
           you
           have
           only
           a
           mind
           to
           know
           my
           opinion
           of
           these
           matters
           ,
           I
           can't
           deny
           you
           that
           :
           and
           in
           truth
           that
           is
           all
           I
           can
           tell
           you
           of
           that
           great
           Philosopher
           .
           Not
           but
           that
           I
           have
           by
           me
           every
           thing
           that
           I
           observ'd
           concerning
           Pythagoras
           ,
           when
           I
           read
           the
           old
           Greek
           and
           Latin
           Authors
           ;
           and
           to
           satisfie
           your
           desire
           ,
           I
           have
           put
           my
           Collections
           in
           order
           to
           draw
           out
           a
           Chronological
           Account
           of
           his
           Life
           ,
           if
           it
           were
           possible
           .
           But
           now
           they
           are
           here
           before
           me
           ,
           I
           know
           not
           well
           what
           to
           make
           of
           them
           ;
           they
           look
           like
           Moon-shine
           in
           rough
           Water
           ,
           all
           over
           Discord
           and
           Confusion
           :
           Out
           
           of
           which
           I
           am
           so
           far
           from
           making
           out
           that
           which
           I
           design'd
           ,
           a
           perfect
           Account
           of
           his
           Life
           ,
           that
           I
           must
           confess
           ,
           I
           can't
           do
           any
           thing
           towards
           it
           .
           There
           is
           not
           in
           all
           my
           Collection
           ,
           any
           one
           certain
           year
           in
           which
           any
           thing
           happen'd
           to
           him
           ,
           or
           was
           done
           by
           him
           .
        
         
           Yet
           I
           cannot
           lament
           that
           great
           Man's
           misfortune
           in
           this
           ,
           nor
           ours
           neither
           :
           for
           as
           he
           was
           a
           perfect
           Iugler
           ,
           so
           his
           Life
           ,
           being
           all
           fast
           and
           loose
           ,
           I
           must
           needs
           say
           ,
           is
           written
           worthy
           of
           himself
           :
           and
           it
           is
           not
           only
           come
           intire
           into
           our
           hands
           ,
           notwithstanding
           those
           defects
           I
           have
           mention'd
           ;
           but
           with
           many
           Improvements
           by
           later
           Writers
           ,
           who
           have
           striven
           to
           out-do
           one
           another
           in
           Stories
           to
           his
           Honour
           and
           Praise
           .
        
         
           Of
           those
           *
           many
           eminent
           Writers
           that
           have
           employ'd
           their
           Pens
           on
           this
           Subject
           ,
           there
           are
           three
           that
           have
           given
           us
           his
           History
           at
           large
           ;
           
             Diogenes
             Laertius
             ,
             Porphyry
          
           and
           Jamblichus
           .
           These
           three
           ,
           I
           believe
           ,
           have
           cull'd
           out
           all
           that
           was
           remarkable
           in
           any
           of
           the
           rest
           :
           and
           the
           two
           last
           were
           his
           great
           Admirers
           who
           would
           not
           omit
           any
           thing
           that
           might
           make
           for
           his
           Glory
           .
        
         
           They
           describe
           him
           as
           a
           very
           extraordinary
           Person
           ,
           for
           his
           Parts
           and
           Inventions
           for
           the
           good
           of
           Mankind
           :
           they
           tell
           us
           what
           Discoveries
           he
           made
           in
           natural
           Philosophy
           :
           how
           much
           he
           advanced
           the
           Mathematical
           Sciences
           ,
           as
           well
           by
           his
           Studies
           as
           his
           Travels
           .
           But
           
           above
           all
           ,
           they
           magnifie
           his
           knowledge
           of
           the
           Gods
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           things
           of
           Religion
           .
           
           Laertius
           tells
           us
           ,
           he
           was
           initiated
           in
           all
           the
           Sacred
           Rites
           ,
           as
           well
           of
           the
           Greeks
           ,
           as
           Barbarians
           .
           Those
           other
           Writers
           of
           his
           Life
           take
           particular
           notice
           of
           this
           in
           every
           Stage
           of
           his
           Travels
           .
           And
           yet
           Porphyry
           will
           not
           let
           his
           Reader
           be
           ignorant
           ,
           that
           Pythagoras
           was
           a
           Deist
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           himself
           ;
           and
           took
           both
           Apollo
           and
           Jupiter
           for
           no
           other
           than
           deify'd
           Men
           ,
           which
           he
           shew'd
           by
           the
           Verses
           that
           he
           made
           in
           those
           places
           where
           he
           was
           to
           see
           their
           Sepulchres
           .
           Indeed
           by
           those
           Verses
           one
           cannot
           but
           think
           that
           he
           despised
           those
           made
           Gods
           in
           his
           Heart
           :
           and
           so
           did
           probably
           those
           Philosophers
           that
           tell
           us
           these
           things
           ;
           though
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           latitude
           of
           their
           Principles
           ,
           they
           were
           nevertheless
           as
           zealous
           as
           he
           was
           for
           the
           propagating
           of
           Heathen
           Idolatry
           .
        
         
           What
           Notions
           men
           have
           of
           a
           Deity
           ,
           one
           cannot
           better
           judge
           than
           by
           their
           Morals
           .
           For
           every
           one
           that
           hath
           any
           sense
           of
           Religion
           will
           endeavour
           to
           conform
           himself
           to
           the
           God
           whom
           he
           worships
           :
           At
           least
           he
           will
           avoid
           any
           thing
           that
           he
           knows
           to
           be
           contrary
           to
           his
           God.
           If
           we
           judge
           this
           way
           of
           Pythagoras
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           accounts
           they
           give
           of
           him
           ,
           we
           have
           reason
           to
           believe
           ,
           that
           as
           the
           Apostle
           tells
           us
           of
           them
           whom
           the
           Heathens
           worship'd
           )
           his
           Gods
           were
           no
           better
           than
           Devils
           .
           It
           
           could
           be
           no
           otherwise
           ,
           if
           there
           be
           any
           truth
           in
           the
           stories
           they
           tell
           ,
           of
           his
           impudent
           Diabolical
           Fictions
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           fraudulent
           ways
           that
           he
           took
           to
           make
           the
           people
           admire
           him
           :
           which
           they
           also
           that
           tell
           us
           these
           things
           seem
           to
           think
           were
           no
           lessening
           of
           his
           Moral
           Virtues
           .
        
         
           Particularly
           ,
           they
           shew
           how
           he
           persuaded
           his
           Hearers
           to
           receive
           that
           Doctrine
           of
           the
           Transmigration
           of
           Souls
           .
           That
           it
           was
           originally
           an
           Aegyptian
           Doctrine
           we
           are
           told
           by
           Herodotus
           .
           
           But
           if
           lying
           Philostratus
           may
           be
           believ'd
           ,
           the
           Aegyptians
           had
           it
           from
           the
           Bramins
           .
           It
           is
           agreed
           ,
           that
           Pythagoras
           was
           he
           that
           first
           brought
           it
           into
           Greece
           ;
           and
           there
           it
           seems
           he
           had
           a
           mind
           to
           be
           thought
           the
           first
           Author
           of
           it
           .
           
           To
           make
           the
           people
           believe
           this
           ,
           he
           told
           them
           an
           impudent
           Lye
           ,
           that
           his
           Soul
           was
           in
           Euphorbus
           at
           the
           time
           of
           the
           Trojan
           War
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           six
           hundred
           years
           between
           that
           and
           his
           Birth
           ,
           his
           Soul
           had
           pass'd
           through
           several
           other
           bodies
           before
           it
           came
           into
           his
           .
           He
           faced
           them
           down
           that
           he
           knew
           this
           by
           a
           singular
           gift
           of
           remembring
           all
           the
           Stages
           through
           which
           his
           Soul
           had
           pass'd
           in
           its
           Travels
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           When
           Euphorbus
           was
           kill'd
           by
           Menelaus
           ,
           (
           which
           was
           in
           the
           year
           before
           Christ
           1185
           )
           then
           his
           Soul
           ,
           as
           he
           said
           ,
           came
           into
           Aethalides
           the
           Son
           of
           Mercury
           .
           After
           his
           death
           ,
           it
           came
           into
           Hermotimus
           :
           then
           into
           
           one
           Pyrrhus
           a
           Fisherman
           ;
           
           and
           at
           last
           it
           came
           into
           Pythagoras
           .
           This
           is
           
           Porphyry's
           way
           of
           telling
           the
           Story
           .
        
         
           But
           from
           others
           we
           have
           it
           ,
           
           that
           Pythagoras
           himself
           used
           to
           say
           ,
           That
           his
           Soul
           was
           in
           Aethalides
           before
           it
           came
           into
           Euphorbus
           .
           And
           for
           this
           ,
           they
           give
           us
           the
           Authorities
           of
           them
           that
           had
           reason
           to
           know
           things
           of
           him
           much
           better
           than
           Porphyry
           ;
           namely
           ,
           
             Diog
             .
             Laertius
          
           saith
           it
           from
           Heraclides
           ,
           
           that
           lived
           near
           the
           time
           of
           Pythagoras
           ;
           and
           another
           from
           Pherecydes
           ,
           the
           mòst
           intimate
           Friend
           of
           Pythagoras
           .
           They
           tell
           their
           story
           with
           particulars
           worth
           knowing
           ,
           if
           there
           were
           any
           truth
           in
           it
           .
           As
           namely
           ,
           How
           Pythagoras
           came
           by
           the
           gift
           above-mention'd
           :
           They
           tell
           us
           ,
           that
           Mercury
           ,
           whose
           office
           it
           was
           to
           carry
           Souls
           into
           Hades
           ,
           gave
           the
           Soul
           of
           his
           Son
           Aethalides
           in
           its
           way
           thither
           ,
           the
           privilege
           not
           to
           drink
           the
           Waters
           of
           Lethe
           ,
           the
           drinking
           whereof
           makes
           Souls
           forget
           all
           that
           pass'd
           in
           this
           world
           ;
           and
           so
           it
           is
           plain
           ,
           
           how
           ,
           as
           Pythagoras
           used
           to
           say
           ,
           Euphorbus
           remembred
           his
           Soul
           had
           dwelt
           formerly
           in
           the
           body
           of
           Aethalides
           and
           Hermotimus
           ,
           that
           his
           Soul
           was
           in
           both
           these
           ,
           and
           the
           Fisherman
           that
           his
           Soul
           was
           in
           those
           three
           ,
           and
           Pythagoras
           ,
           that
           his
           Soul
           was
           in
           them
           all
           .
           They
           also
           tell
           us
           ,
           how
           it
           came
           to
           pass
           ,
           that
           in
           six
           hundred
           years
           that
           Soul
           of
           his
           was
           only
           in
           two
           bodies
           ,
           namely
           ,
           of
           Hermotimus
           
           and
           the
           Fisherman
           :
           for
           Mercury
           ,
           as
           Pythagoras
           himself
           used
           also
           to
           say
           ,
           gave
           the
           Soul
           of
           his
           Son
           Aethalides
           leave
           to
           rest
           sometimes
           in
           Hades
           ,
           
           and
           at
           other
           times
           to
           travel
           above-ground
           ;
           and
           so
           Pythagoras
           himself
           said
           ,
           that
           after
           the
           Fisherman's
           death
           ,
           his
           Soul
           had
           rested
           207
           years
           in
           Hades
           ,
           before
           it
           came
           into
           that
           body
           of
           his
           .
        
         
           But
           what
           of
           all
           this
           ?
           The
           Doctrine
           of
           Transmigration
           of
           Souls
           is
           sufficiently
           proved
           ,
           if
           the
           Soul
           of
           Pythagoras
           was
           at
           any
           time
           formerly
           in
           the
           body
           of
           Euphorbus
           .
           
           And
           that
           ,
           as
           Porphyry
           tells
           us
           ,
           was
           positively
           affirm'd
           by
           Pythagoras
           himself
           ,
           
           and
           prov'd
           beyond
           dispute
           ;
           as
           likewise
           his
           Scholar
           Jamblichus
           tells
           us
           in
           the
           very
           same
           words
           .
           But
           these
           Philosophers
           were
           wise
           ;
           they
           took
           care
           to
           hide
           that
           part
           of
           their
           Ware
           which
           would
           haue
           disgrac'd
           all
           the
           rest
           .
           
           It
           was
           the
           Aegyptian
           Doctrine
           ,
           that
           Souls
           pass'd
           out
           of
           men
           into
           Beasts
           ,
           and
           Fishes
           ,
           and
           Birds
           .
           This
           also
           ,
           according
           to
           
             Heraclides
             ,
             Pythagoras
          
           used
           to
           say
           of
           himself
           ;
           that
           he
           remembred
           ,
           not
           only
           what
           Men
           ,
           but
           what
           Plants
           ,
           and
           what
           Animals
           his
           Soul
           had
           pass'd
           thoro●gh
           .
           And
           ,
           tho'
           this
           was
           more
           than
           Mercury
           gave
           to
           
             Aethalides
             ,
             Pythagoras
          
           took
           upon
           〈◊〉
           to
           tell
           many
           others
           how
           their
           Souls
           had
           lived
           before
           they
           came
           into
           their
           bodies
           .
           One
           particularly
           that
           was
           beating
           a
           Dog
           ,
           
           he
           desir'd
           to
           forbear
           ,
           because
           in
           the
           yelping
           of
           
           that
           Dog
           ,
           he
           heard
           a
           Friend's
           Soul
           speak
           to
           him
           .
           So
           Empedocles
           ,
           
           that
           lived
           in
           the
           next
           Age
           after
           Pythagoras
           ,
           and
           was
           for
           a
           while
           the
           Oracle
           of
           his
           Sect
           ,
           declared
           of
           himself
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           been
           ,
           first
           a
           Boy
           ,
           then
           a
           Girl
           ,
           then
           a
           Plant
           ,
           then
           a
           Bird
           ,
           then
           a
           Fish.
           Apollonius
           had
           the
           same
           Impudence
           ,
           if
           Philostratus
           may
           be
           believed
           :
           
           who
           tells
           us
           ,
           he
           own'd
           that
           his
           Soul
           was
           formerly
           in
           the
           Master
           of
           a
           Ship
           ;
           he
           shew'd
           one
           young
           Man
           that
           had
           in
           him
           the
           Soul
           of
           Palamedes
           ,
           another
           of
           Telephus
           ,
           both
           kill'd
           at
           the
           time
           of
           the
           Trojan
           War
           ;
           and
           in
           a
           tame
           Lion
           that
           was
           carried
           about
           for
           a
           sight
           ,
           he
           said
           there
           was
           the
           Soul
           of
           Amasis
           King
           of
           Egypt
           .
           How
           could
           such
           Fictions
           as
           these
           come
           into
           Men's
           heads
           ?
           There
           is
           more
           than
           idle
           Fancy
           in
           them
           .
           They
           shew
           plainly
           a
           pernicious
           Devilish
           design
           ,
           to
           confound
           those
           two
           Doctrines
           that
           have
           so
           great
           an
           influence
           into
           Men's
           minds
           ,
           to
           make
           them
           do
           good
           ,
           and
           eschew
           evil
           :
           the
           Doctrines
           of
           the
           Immortality
           of
           the
           Soul
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Resurrection
           of
           the
           Body
           .
           For
           if
           those
           Fictions
           were
           true
           ,
           there
           would
           be
           no
           difference
           between
           the
           Soul
           of
           a
           Man
           ,
           and
           the
           Soul
           of
           a
           Brute
           ,
           or
           a
           Plant
           ;
           and
           there
           would
           be
           many
           more
           Bodies
           than
           there
           would
           be
           Souls
           to
           animate
           them
           at
           the
           Resurrection
           .
           What
           would
           not
           the
           Devil
           give
           to
           have
           these
           things
           believ'd
           by
           all
           Mankind
           ?
        
         
         
           For
           the
           Tricks
           they
           tell
           us
           he
           had
           to
           make
           the
           People
           admire
           him
           ,
           they
           are
           so
           agreeable
           to
           his
           Character
           ,
           that
           his
           Historian
           Jamblichus
           ,
           with
           the
           same
           Design
           ,
           Aped
           him
           in
           some
           of
           them
           ;
           unless
           he
           is
           bely'd
           by
           Eunapius
           the
           Writer
           of
           his
           Life
           .
           They
           were
           ,
           as
           one
           may
           properly
           call
           them
           ,
           the
           Artifices
           of
           an
           Impostor
           .
           Mahomet
           ,
           the
           greatest
           that
           ever
           was
           of
           that
           sort
           ,
           when
           he
           set
           up
           to
           be
           a
           Prophet
           ,
           though
           it
           is
           not
           likely
           that
           he
           had
           ever
           heard
           of
           Pythagoras
           ,
           yet
           took
           the
           very
           same
           Methods
           that
           He
           did
           to
           impose
           upon
           Mankind
           .
           This
           will
           appear
           in
           several
           of
           the
           following
           Instances
           ,
           if
           any
           one
           will
           take
           the
           Trouble
           to
           compare
           them
           with
           those
           that
           are
           in
           
           Mahomet's
           Life
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           thing
           ,
           we
           read
           Pythagoras
           did
           ,
           to
           make
           way
           for
           the
           Authentical
           publishing
           of
           his
           Doctrines
           ,
           
           was
           to
           make
           himself
           look
           like
           a
           sort
           of
           Demigod
           to
           the
           People
           .
           For
           this
           purpose
           ,
           he
           provided
           himself
           a
           Cell
           under
           ground
           ;
           and
           then
           ,
           giving
           out
           he
           was
           dead
           ,
           he
           retir'd
           into
           that
           Hole
           :
           and
           there
           for
           a
           long
           time
           together
           ,
           seven
           Years
           ,
           as
           some
           tell
           us
           ,
           he
           lived
           unknown
           to
           all
           Mankind
           .
           Only
           his
           Mother
           was
           in
           the
           Secret
           ,
           for
           she
           was
           to
           supply
           him
           with
           Necessaries
           :
           but
           of
           these
           ,
           he
           took
           in
           no
           more
           than
           just
           what
           would
           keep
           him
           alive
           .
           Then
           at
           last
           ,
           he
           came
           forth
           like
           a
           perfect
           Skeleton
           :
           and
           shewed
           himself
           as
           one
           that
           had
           been
           all
           this
           while
           in
           another
           World.
           
        
         
         
           He
           that
           was
           so
           greedy
           of
           vain
           Glory
           ,
           that
           he
           could
           afford
           to
           purchase
           it
           at
           this
           Rate
           ,
           would
           not
           spare
           his
           Pains
           ,
           or
           refuse
           any
           Help
           ,
           to
           get
           into
           Possession
           of
           his
           Purchase
           .
           And
           for
           this
           ,
           it
           being
           requisite
           he
           should
           do
           things
           above
           the
           Power
           of
           any
           Mortal
           ,
           therefore
           of
           such
           things
           ,
           true
           or
           false
           ,
           they
           tell
           us
           not
           a
           few
           in
           his
           Life
           .
        
         
           Some
           of
           the
           Fathers
           have
           said
           that
           he
           wrought
           them
           by
           Compact
           with
           the
           Devil
           .
           
           But
           I
           see
           no
           Necessity
           of
           that
           ;
           for
           he
           had
           other
           ways
           by
           which
           other
           Men
           have
           obtained
           the
           fame
           of
           working
           Miracles
           .
           He
           was
           doubtless
           both
           a
           natural
           Philosopher
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           Mathematician
           .
           He
           understood
           all
           the
           Secrets
           of
           the
           Egyptians
           and
           Chaldaeans
           .
           And
           having
           many
           Disciples
           on
           those
           Accounts
           ,
           it
           seems
           very
           likely
           that
           he
           might
           act
           in
           Confederacy
           with
           them
           .
           This
           at
           least
           they
           could
           do
           for
           him
           ;
           they
           might
           help
           devise
           Stories
           of
           the
           Miracles
           that
           he
           wrought
           :
           and
           then
           ,
           for
           their
           own
           Credit
           as
           well
           as
           his
           ,
           they
           would
           be
           industrious
           to
           spread
           them
           among
           the
           People
           .
        
         
           Such
           Lyes
           they
           were
           ,
           I
           do
           not
           doubt
           ,
           
           that
           Porphyry
           and
           Jamblichus
           tell
           us
           ,
           of
           his
           laying
           Winds
           ,
           Tempests
           ,
           and
           Earthquakes
           ;
           for
           of
           these
           they
           do
           not
           give
           any
           particular
           Instance
           ,
           nor
           are
           these
           things
           mentioned
           by
           any
           other
           Writers
           that
           I
           remember
           .
           So
           likewise
           they
           tell
           us
           of
           his
           curing
           Diseases
           ,
           whether
           
           of
           Body
           ,
           or
           Mind
           ,
           which
           ,
           they
           say
           ,
           he
           did
           with
           Charms
           :
           
           that
           is
           ,
           as
           Cyril
           saith
           ,
           he
           did
           them
           by
           the
           help
           of
           the
           Devil
           .
           For
           his
           hearing
           the
           Musick
           of
           the
           Spheres
           ,
           that
           Porphyry
           speaks
           of
           as
           a
           wonderfull
           Harmony
           ,
           
           now
           we
           know
           this
           is
           a
           Lye
           framed
           upon
           a
           false
           Imagination
           .
           But
           if
           this
           were
           true
           ,
           being
           an
           invisible
           Miracle
           ,
           and
           impossible
           to
           be
           proved
           ,
           it
           could
           not
           be
           made
           use
           of
           to
           prove
           any
           thing
           else
           .
           Many
           other
           lying
           Wonders
           they
           tell
           of
           him
           ,
           which
           seem
           to
           have
           been
           made
           only
           for
           Talk
           ,
           being
           such
           as
           could
           signifie
           nothing
           to
           the
           good
           of
           Mankind
           .
           
           As
           namely
           ,
           how
           to
           shew
           his
           Company
           what
           he
           could
           do
           ,
           he
           took
           up
           Serpents
           ,
           that
           had
           killed
           other
           Men
           ,
           and
           handled
           them
           ,
           so
           as
           that
           they
           neither
           hurt
           him
           ,
           nor
           he
           them
           .
           How
           for
           the
           same
           purpose
           ,
           by
           whistling
           to
           an
           Eagle
           that
           happen'd
           to
           fly
           over
           his
           Head
           ,
           he
           brought
           her
           down
           to
           his
           Hand
           ,
           and
           then
           let
           her
           go
           again
           .
           Another
           time
           seeing
           some
           Fisher
           men
           at
           their
           draught
           ,
           he
           foretold
           them
           the
           exact
           Number
           of
           Fishes
           that
           their
           Net
           should
           bring
           up
           ;
           and
           when
           they
           were
           told
           ,
           threw
           them
           in
           again
           .
           How
           by
           stroaking
           a
           Bear
           ,
           and
           whispering
           a
           Bull
           in
           the
           Ear
           ,
           he
           brought
           them
           both
           to
           the
           Pythagorean
           Diet
           :
           the
           Bear
           to
           eat
           nothing
           that
           had
           life
           ;
           and
           the
           Bull
           to
           crop
           no
           more
           Bean-tops
           .
           How
           he
           spoke
           to
           a
           River
           that
           he
           was
           passing
           over
           with
           many
           of
           his
           Friends
           ,
           
           and
           it
           answer'd
           him
           again
           in
           all
           their
           Hearings
           ,
           
             Good
             morrow
          
           Pythagoras
           .
           But
           this
           goes
           beyond
           all
           the
           rest
           ,
           if
           there
           be
           any
           Truth
           in
           it
           ;
           that
           when
           Abaris
           had
           been
           all
           over
           Greece
           to
           beg
           Money
           for
           the
           Temple
           of
           his
           God
           
             Apollo
             Hyperboreus
          
           ;
           at
           last
           ,
           in
           an
           evil
           hour
           for
           himself
           ,
           he
           came
           to
           Pythagoras
           in
           Italy
           ,
           where
           the
           cunning
           Philosopher
           rooked
           him
           of
           his
           Money
           ,
           by
           perswading
           the
           poor
           Man
           that
           he
           was
           his
           God.
           And
           to
           convince
           him
           of
           the
           Truth
           of
           it
           ,
           they
           say
           ,
           That
           Pythagoras
           shewed
           him
           his
           golden
           Thigh
           ;
           and
           then
           ,
           which
           was
           worst
           of
           all
           ,
           made
           him
           swear
           the
           People
           into
           a
           Belief
           that
           he
           was
           Apollo
           himself
           .
        
         
           If
           any
           other
           Author
           mentions
           any
           of
           these
           wonderful
           Things
           ,
           he
           declares
           that
           he
           hath
           it
           only
           from
           report
           ,
           or
           by
           hearsay
           ,
           and
           so
           leaves
           the
           Reader
           to
           judge
           of
           the
           Truth
           of
           it
           .
           But
           most
           of
           these
           things
           are
           positively
           affi●med
           by
           Porphyry
           ,
           and
           his
           Scholar
           Jamblichus
           :
           only
           they
           vouch
           nameless
           Authorities
           for
           them
           ,
           to
           shew
           they
           were
           not
           of
           their
           own
           devising
           ;
           which
           yet
           one
           can't
           forbear
           to
           think
           of
           as
           many
           of
           them
           as
           are
           not
           to
           be
           found
           in
           other
           Authors
           .
           But
           why
           should
           these
           Philosophers
           either
           be
           so
           wicked
           to
           abuse
           the
           Faith
           of
           Mankind
           in
           devising
           such
           Stories
           ?
           Or
           why
           should
           they
           take
           the
           Pains
           to
           Collect
           them
           ,
           and
           Pawn
           their
           Faith
           to
           give
           them
           Credit
           in
           the
           World
           ?
           
           Such
           great
           Men
           as
           they
           were
           ,
           had
           no
           doubt
           great
           Reason
           for
           this
           .
           But
           what
           that
           should
           be
           ,
           deserves
           a
           farther
           Consideration
           ;
           wherein
           ,
           if
           I
           do
           a
           little
           exceed
           ,
           I
           know
           you
           will
           not
           only
           Pardon
           me
           ,
           but
           will
           take
           the
           fault
           upon
           your self
           ,
           if
           these
           Papers
           should
           come
           to
           be
           publisht
           through
           your
           hands
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           certain
           that
           these
           Men
           had
           a
           vehement
           Hatred
           against
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ;
           not
           only
           through
           the
           Prejudices
           of
           their
           Education
           ,
           but
           much
           more
           on
           the
           account
           of
           that
           way
           of
           Philosophy
           ,
           by
           which
           they
           so
           much
           valu'd
           themselves
           ,
           and
           had
           got
           so
           great
           a
           Fame
           in
           the
           World.
           They
           had
           no
           Patience
           to
           see
           that
           sort
           of
           Learning
           ,
           that
           had
           been
           so
           long
           in
           Possession
           of
           Glory
           among
           all
           civiliz'd
           Nations
           ,
           now
           to
           be
           brought
           in
           Disgrace
           by
           a
           Religion
           ,
           which
           they
           accounted
           to
           be
           no
           better
           than
           Folly
           and
           Nonsense
           ,
           and
           yet
           pretending
           to
           Divine
           Revelation
           ,
           would
           shew
           that
           they
           by
           all
           their
           Wisdom
           knew
           not
           God.
           Their
           Indignation
           at
           this
           was
           much
           the
           more
           ,
           
           because
           th●s
           New
           Religion
           sprung
           up
           among
           the
           Jews
           ,
           whom
           they
           look't
           upon
           as
           much
           the
           worst
           of
           the
           barbarous
           Nations
           ;
           and
           the
           first
           Teachers
           of
           it
           were
           justly
           ,
           as
           these
           Philosophers
           thought
           ,
           both
           hated
           and
           contemned
           by
           the
           Jews
           ,
           as
           much
           as
           the
           Jews
           themselves
           were
           by
           all
           other
           Nations
           .
        
         
           That
           the
           Author
           of
           this
           Sect
           ,
           our
           Lord
           Iesus
           Christ
           himself
           ,
           bore
           no
           greater
           Figure
           
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           than
           that
           of
           a
           poor
           Carpenter
           ;
           
           and
           that
           his
           Apostles
           and
           Followers
           were
           unlearned
           and
           ignorant
           Men
           ;
           this
           is
           own'd
           ,
           to
           the
           Glory
           of
           God
           ,
           by
           those
           among
           themselves
           that
           writ
           his
           History
           ,
           and
           their's
           ,
           in
           the
           Gospels
           ,
           and
           the
           Acts
           of
           the
           Apostles
           .
           And
           that
           these
           very
           Books
           were
           written
           by
           Men
           of
           that
           sort
           ,
           even
           by
           them
           whose
           Names
           they
           bear
           ,
           this
           I
           think
           hath
           not
           been
           gain-said
           by
           any
           that
           lived
           within
           some
           hundred
           years
           after
           Christ
           :
           But
           it
           hath
           been
           acknowledged
           by
           those
           learned
           Heathens
           that
           writ
           against
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           
           and
           especially
           by
           Julian
           ,
           who
           of
           all
           others
           was
           best
           able
           to
           inform
           himself
           .
        
         
           But
           what
           is
           it
           that
           these
           Men
           say
           of
           their
           Master
           ,
           in
           the
           Account
           they
           give
           of
           him
           ,
           and
           of
           them
           that
           were
           the
           first
           Publishers
           of
           his
           Doctrine
           ,
           how
           they
           came
           to
           have
           such
           Authority
           in
           the
           World
           ?
           They
           say
           he
           wrought
           in
           their
           Presence
           an
           infinite
           number
           of
           Miracles
           ;
           and
           particularly
           ,
           those
           which
           they
           have
           published
           for
           the
           Proof
           ,
           as
           well
           of
           his
           Authority
           ,
           as
           of
           his
           Doctrine
           .
           
           They
           say
           also
           of
           themselves
           ,
           that
           ,
           in
           their
           Preaching
           of
           him
           and
           his
           Doctrine
           ,
           the
           Lord
           worked
           with
           them
           confirming
           their
           word
           with
           Signs
           following
           .
           
        
         
           They
           laid
           the
           chief
           Stress
           of
           their
           Proof
           upon
           his
           Resurrection
           from
           the
           Dead
           :
           Of
           which
           ,
           not
           only
           his
           Apostles
           were
           Eye-witnesses
           ,
           
           but
           above
           500
           Persons
           ,
           
           most
           of
           them
           then
           living
           ,
           when
           St.
           Paul
           appeal'd
           to
           their
           Testimony
           .
           
           And
           that
           he
           did
           ,
           in
           an
           Epistle
           which
           was
           written
           within
           some
           20
           years
           after
           the
           matter
           of
           Fact.
           The
           Apostles
           especially
           took
           it
           on
           themselves
           ,
           as
           their
           Office
           ,
           to
           be
           Witnesses
           of
           his
           Resurrection
           .
           For
           the
           faithful
           Discharge
           whereof
           ,
           as
           they
           could
           expect
           nothing
           but
           Sufferings
           in
           this
           Life
           ,
           so
           they
           desir'd
           nothing
           more
           than
           to
           finish
           their
           Course
           by
           dying
           for
           it
           .
           And
           they
           were
           not
           deceiv'd
           in
           this
           Expectation
           ;
           all
           of
           them
           being
           continually
           persecuted
           as
           long
           as
           they
           liv'd
           ,
           and
           many
           of
           them
           suffering
           Death
           for
           the
           Testimony
           of
           Christ.
           They
           were
           charged
           with
           no
           other
           Crime
           in
           this
           World.
           
        
         
           As
           for
           what
           they
           write
           of
           his
           Miracles
           ;
           and
           also
           of
           their
           own
           ,
           which
           they
           profest
           they
           wrought
           only
           by
           a
           Power
           derived
           from
           him
           ;
           the
           truth
           of
           the
           matters
           of
           Fact
           ,
           we
           do
           not
           find
           was
           ever
           question'd
           by
           any
           that
           lived
           in
           that
           Age.
           On
           the
           contrary
           ,
           we
           see
           it
           was
           acknowledged
           by
           the
           Pharisees
           ,
           
           the
           most
           malicious
           and
           vigilant
           Enemies
           of
           our
           Lord
           Iesus
           Christ
           ,
           
           and
           of
           his
           Holy
           Apostles
           .
           No
           doubt
           it
           puzled
           their
           Wise
           heads
           to
           think
           how
           '
           such
           wonderful
           Works
           should
           be
           wrought
           by
           such
           simple
           illiterate
           Men.
           For
           one
           cannot
           think
           they
           could
           satisfie
           themselves
           with
           the
           account
           which
           they
           gave
           others
           ,
           of
           
           the
           way
           that
           Christ
           had
           to
           cast
           out
           Devils
           ,
           when
           they
           said
           that
           he
           did
           it
           by
           the
           Prince
           of
           Devils
           ;
           for
           ,
           as
           he
           there
           answer'd
           them
           ,
           
           it
           was
           visibly
           against
           the
           Devil's
           Interest
           to
           do
           this
           ;
           the
           Miracles
           of
           Christ
           being
           plainly
           in
           those
           Instances
           to
           dispossess
           the
           Devil
           of
           Men's
           Bodies
           ;
           and
           by
           that
           ,
           and
           other
           beneficial
           Works
           ,
           to
           oblige
           them
           ,
           and
           others
           ,
           to
           receive
           a
           Doctrine
           that
           would
           also
           dispossess
           him
           of
           their
           Souls
           .
           But
           besides
           the
           absurdity
           of
           this
           ,
           it
           is
           plain
           the
           Jews
           did
           not
           believe
           themselves
           in
           this
           Accusation
           of
           Christ.
           For
           if
           they
           had
           ,
           they
           would
           have
           insisted
           on
           this
           ;
           as
           being
           a
           Capital
           Crime
           ,
           not
           only
           by
           their
           Law
           ,
           but
           also
           the
           Roman
           :
           And
           therefore
           to
           be
           sure
           ,
           they
           would
           not
           have
           been
           to
           seek
           for
           other
           Crimes
           ,
           
           if
           they
           had
           thought
           they
           had
           any
           Colour
           to
           charge
           him
           with
           this
           .
        
         
           But
           that
           which
           the
           Pharisees
           said
           then
           ,
           of
           that
           one
           sort
           of
           Miracles
           ;
           though
           it
           was
           against
           all
           Reason
           ,
           and
           against
           their
           own
           Conscience
           ;
           yet
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           a
           better
           Colour
           for
           their
           unbelief
           ,
           the
           Jews
           in
           after
           times
           have
           alledged
           against
           all
           the
           Miracles
           of
           Christ
           ,
           and
           his
           Apostles
           and
           Followers
           .
           This
           we
           see
           in
           those
           Objections
           of
           the
           Jews
           ,
           whom
           Celsus
           brings
           in
           arguing
           against
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           :
           these
           Jews
           ,
           
           on
           this
           very
           account
           ,
           rank
           our
           Blessed
           Saviour
           with
           Pythagoras
           ,
           of
           whom
           enough
           has
           been
           said
           ;
           
           and
           with
           such
           other
           Heathen
           Impostors
           ,
           of
           whom
           more
           will
           be
           said
           afterwards
           .
           
        
         
           But
           for
           those
           Jews
           whom
           Celsus
           produces
           ,
           since
           it
           hath
           been
           sufficiently
           shown
           that
           they
           ought
           not
           to
           be
           admitted
           as
           Accusers
           in
           this
           Cause
           ,
           therefore
           they
           might
           be
           dismissed
           ;
           but
           that
           the
           same
           Celsus
           gives
           us
           occasion
           to
           make
           use
           of
           them
           as
           our
           Witnesses
           ,
           as
           to
           those
           Matters
           of
           Fact
           which
           he
           denies
           ,
           when
           he
           comes
           to
           speak
           in
           his
           own
           Person
           ,
           as
           a
           Heathen
           ,
           and
           one
           that
           was
           an
           Epicurean
           Philosopher
           .
           For
           then
           he
           is
           pleas'd
           to
           say
           ,
           
           That
           what
           things
           our
           Scriptures
           tells
           us
           of
           the
           Miracles
           of
           Christ
           and
           his
           Apostles
           ,
           are
           
             all
             Fictions
             and
             Tales
          
           .
           This
           he
           saith
           more
           than
           once
           :
           And
           yet
           he
           doth
           not
           pretend
           to
           prove
           the
           Writers
           of
           them
           were
           Lyers
           ,
           or
           to
           shew
           any
           Inconsistence
           ,
           either
           in
           the
           Miracles
           themselves
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           Accounts
           that
           are
           given
           of
           them
           .
           So
           that
           he
           expected
           Men
           should
           take
           his
           Authority
           for
           this
           .
           But
           why
           so
           ?
           He
           could
           say
           nothing
           of
           these
           matters
           on
           his
           own
           Knowledge
           :
           for
           he
           writ
           in
           the
           Emperour
           
           Hadrian's
           time
           ,
           
           or
           something
           later
           ;
           and
           that
           was
           at
           least
           50
           years
           after
           any
           of
           those
           Miracles
           that
           are
           mention●d
           in
           our
           Scriptures
           .
           Nor
           doth
           he
           pretend
           to
           have
           any
           ground
           to
           say
           this
           ,
           either
           upon
           hear-say
           ,
           or
           from
           what
           he
           found
           in
           former
           Writers
           .
           If
           he
           had
           referr'd
           us
           to
           other
           Writers
           ,
           it
           would
           have
           been
           very
           great
           
           News
           .
           For
           ,
           of
           all
           that
           have
           written
           in
           the
           times
           of
           Christ
           and
           his
           Apostles
           ,
           there
           is
           none
           ,
           Iew
           ,
           or
           Heathen
           ,
           that
           makes
           any
           mention
           of
           their
           Miracles
           :
           which
           is
           a
           plain
           sign
           they
           knew
           not
           what
           to
           say
           against
           them
           .
           Otherwise
           ,
           they
           would
           have
           spoken
           as
           spitefully
           of
           them
           ,
           as
           they
           spared
           not
           to
           do
           of
           Christ
           himself
           .
        
         
           But
           how
           could
           Celsus
           answer
           this
           to
           his
           own
           Conscience
           ?
           that
           whereas
           of
           the
           Miracles
           wrought
           by
           Christians
           in
           his
           own
           time
           ,
           he
           saw
           there
           was
           no
           denying
           the
           matters
           of
           fact
           ;
           
           and
           therefore
           he
           affirm●d
           that
           these
           Miracles
           were
           wrought
           by
           Invocation
           of
           the
           Devil
           ;
           which
           was
           the
           same
           in
           effect
           ,
           that
           ,
           by
           his
           own
           telling
           ,
           
           the
           Iews
           said
           of
           the
           Miracles
           that
           were
           wrought
           by
           Christ
           and
           his
           Apostles
           :
           he
           should
           nevertheless
           have
           the
           Impudence
           to
           say
           ,
           that
           these
           were
           
             Fictions
             and
             Tales
          
           ,
           as
           if
           He
           knew
           Christ
           and
           his
           Apostles
           ,
           better
           than
           the
           Iews
           in
           whose
           Country
           they
           liv'd
           ,
           and
           whose
           Ancestors
           were
           conversant
           with
           them
           ;
           or
           as
           if
           Christ
           himself
           could
           not
           work
           as
           true
           Miracles
           ,
           as
           were
           done
           in
           
           Celsus's
           time
           ,
           and
           to
           his
           own
           knowledge
           ,
           by
           Christians
           that
           wrought
           their
           Miracles
           in
           his
           name
           ?
        
         
           This
           learned
           man
           took
           surely
           a
           likelier
           way
           to
           disparage
           the
           Miracles
           of
           Christ
           to
           the
           unthinking
           part
           of
           Mankind
           ;
           
           by
           likening
           the
           great
           things
           that
           are
           said
           of
           Christ
           ,
           to
           
           those
           that
           we
           read
           of
           
             Aristeas
             Proconnesius
          
           ,
           
           and
           of
           Abaris
           ,
           in
           Heathen
           Writers
           .
           But
           they
           that
           Think
           what
           they
           read
           ,
           will
           consider
           ,
           that
           of
           the
           former
           of
           these
           ,
           the
           first
           account
           we
           have
           is
           from
           Herodotus
           ;
           
           and
           he
           tells
           it
           only
           by
           Hear-say
           .
           He
           says
           ,
           they
           say
           that
           Aristeas
           died
           at
           Proconnesus
           ,
           and
           appear'd
           there
           again
           7
           years
           after
           :
           and
           having
           made
           some
           Verses
           ,
           disappear'd
           :
           but
           that
           ,
           two
           or
           three
           hundred
           years
           after
           ,
           he
           appear'd
           again
           at
           Metapontum
           ,
           where
           ,
           by
           special
           direction
           from
           Apollo
           ,
           he
           was
           worshipped
           as
           God.
           
           Of
           
             Abaris
             ,
             Celsus
          
           tells
           us
           himself
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           such
           a
           Power
           or
           Faculty
           ,
           that
           he
           rode
           about
           upon
           an
           Arrow
           through
           the
           Air
           ,
           over
           Mountains
           and
           Seas
           ,
           in
           his
           Travels
           out
           of
           Scythia
           into
           Greece
           ,
           and
           back
           again
           into
           Scythia
           ,
           as
           both
           Porphyry
           and
           Jamblichus
           tell
           us
           at
           large
        
         
           These
           things
           Celsus
           tells
           us
           without
           any
           Censure
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           believ'd
           them
           to
           be
           true
           .
           And
           so
           they
           are
           ,
           as
           much
           as
           his
           Book
           is
           
             a
             true
             Discourse
          
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Title
           he
           gives
           it
           .
           Whoever
           considers
           these
           Stories
           ,
           I
           think
           will
           not
           much
           regard
           the
           Iudgment
           that
           He
           passeth
           on
           the
           Miracles
           of
           Christ
           and
           his
           Apostles
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           Way
           that
           he
           took
           to
           bring
           them
           in
           disgrace
           ,
           by
           ranking
           them
           with
           those
           incredible
           Fables
           ,
           this
           took
           mightily
           with
           the
           learned
           Heathens
           that
           came
           after
           him
           .
           And
           
           therefore
           ,
           I
           doubt
           not
           ,
           it
           was
           ,
           that
           both
           Philostratus
           writ
           the
           life
           of
           
             Apollonius
             Tyaneus
          
           ,
           and
           that
           Porphyry
           writ
           the
           Life
           of
           Pythagoras
           ,
           which
           led
           me
           into
           this
           Digression
           .
           They
           seem
           to
           have
           been
           written
           ,
           both
           of
           them
           with
           this
           design
           .
           I
           am
           sure
           they
           are
           both
           of
           them
           made
           use
           of
           to
           this
           purpose
           ;
           to
           shew
           ,
           that
           all
           the
           great
           things
           that
           are
           told
           of
           our
           Saviour
           in
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           were
           equall'd
           ,
           if
           not
           out-done
           by
           these
           Heathen
           Philosophers
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           Porphyry
           ,
           
           his
           hatred
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           he
           shew'd
           sufficiently
           ,
           in
           writing
           15
           Books
           against
           it
           :
           the
           Loss
           whereof
           ,
           though
           some
           of
           our
           Deists
           complain
           of
           ,
           yet
           they
           may
           be
           assur'd
           for
           their
           comfort
           ,
           they
           will
           not
           want
           the
           help
           of
           any
           of
           our
           learned
           men
           to
           bring
           them
           to
           light
           .
           We
           want
           them
           indeed
           on
           many
           accounts
           :
           but
           especially
           ,
           to
           shew
           them
           ,
           that
           as
           they
           have
           
           Porphyry's
           malice
           ,
           so
           if
           they
           had
           his
           great
           Learning
           too
           ,
           both
           these
           join'd
           together
           would
           not
           hurt
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           .
           We
           should
           want
           his
           Books
           the
           less
           ,
           
           if
           we
           had
           any
           of
           those
           Answers
           that
           were
           written
           against
           him
           by
           three
           learned
           Christians
           ,
           
             Methodius
             ,
             Eusebius
          
           ,
           and
           Apollinaris
           .
           But
           ,
           
           as
           Holstein
           well
           observes
           ,
           the
           Roman
           Empire
           being
           turned
           Christian
           within
           very
           few
           years
           after
           the
           writing
           of
           these
           Books
           ;
           as
           the
           Emperors
           took
           care
           by
           their
           Edicts
           to
           keep
           them
           from
           coming
           
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Vulgar
           ;
           so
           for
           learned
           men
           ,
           they
           had
           now
           no
           occasion
           to
           transcribe
           them
           ,
           or
           preserve
           the
           copies
           that
           were
           written
           .
        
         
           Of
           the
           time
           of
           
           Porphyry's
           writing
           these
           Books
           ,
           
           we
           have
           nothing
           certain
           ,
           save
           that
           we
           are
           told
           they
           were
           written
           when
           he
           was
           in
           Sicily
           .
           And
           the
           time
           of
           his
           coming
           thither
           ,
           as
           he
           tells
           us
           himself
           ,
           w●s
           about
           the
           15th
           of
           Galienus
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           about
           the
           year
           of
           Christ
           267.
           
           
           He
           acknowledgeth
           that
           ,
           being
           in
           Rome
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           he
           had
           a
           mind
           to
           kill
           himself
           :
           which
           Plotinus
           discover'd
           ;
           and
           upon
           his
           chiding
           him
           for
           it
           ,
           he
           left
           him
           ,
           and
           went
           away
           into
           Sicily
           .
           What
           it
           was
           that
           enraged
           Porphyry
           to
           that
           degree
           that
           he
           must
           needs
           kill
           himself
           ,
           he
           doth
           not
           say
           .
           Probably
           it
           might
           be
           out
           of
           madness
           ,
           
           to
           see
           That
           Emperour's
           favour
           to
           Christians
           ,
           whom
           his
           Father
           Valerian
           had
           done
           all
           he
           could
           to
           destroy
           .
           If
           that
           was
           the
           reason
           of
           this
           Philosopher's
           being
           weary
           of
           his
           life
           ,
           he
           had
           some
           ease
           within
           a
           few
           Months
           in
           the
           death
           of
           that
           Emperour
           ,
           and
           then
           a
           Succession
           of
           others
           that
           wanted
           only
           a
           fit
           season
           for
           the
           renewing
           of
           the
           Persecution
           .
           And
           it
           might
           be
           as
           well
           to
           quicken
           them
           to
           that
           Wo●k
           ,
           as
           to
           ease
           his
           own
           passion
           ,
           that
           he
           set
           himself
           to
           the
           writing
           of
           these
           Books
           .
           Wherein
           ,
           as
           all
           that
           quote
           from
           them
           observe
           ,
           he
           
           out-did
           all
           others
           in
           virulent
           Railing
           and
           
           Scoffing
           at
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           .
           As
           for
           his
           Arguments
           ,
           it
           cannot
           be
           imagined
           that
           there
           was
           any
           thing
           of
           strength
           in
           them
           more
           than
           what
           Julian
           the
           Apostate
           took
           into
           the
           work
           that
           he
           writ
           afterwards
           on
           that
           Subject
           .
           And
           to
           our
           comfort
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           Deists
           ,
           That
           work
           is
           not
           lost
           .
           It
           hath
           been
           often
           published
           ,
           with
           
           Cyril's
           answer
           to
           it
           :
           but
           never
           so
           much
           to
           the
           Reader
           's
           advantage
           ,
           as
           now
           lately
           in
           the
           excellent
           
           Spanhelm's
           Edition
           .
        
         
           Whether
           it
           was
           before
           ,
           or
           after
           these
           Books
           ,
           that
           he
           writ
           the
           life
           of
           Pythagoras
           ,
           we
           cannot
           certainly
           know
           :
           for
           the
           life
           it self
           is
           imperfect
           ,
           both
           at
           the
           beginning
           ,
           and
           the
           end
           ;
           and
           the
           whole
           Book
           is
           but
           a
           part
           of
           his
           History
           of
           the
           lives
           of
           Philosophers
           .
           But
           whereas
           these
           lives
           of
           his
           ,
           as
           Holstein
           observes
           ,
           were
           all
           made
           up
           of
           Patches
           taken
           out
           of
           the
           ancient
           Writers
           ;
           
           and
           so
           is
           this
           among
           the
           rest
           ;
           yet
           here
           ,
           after
           all
           the
           heap
           of
           stuff
           that
           he
           hath
           collected
           from
           others
           concerning
           the
           life
           of
           Pythagoras
           ,
           at
           last
           ,
           he
           brings
           in
           those
           stories
           of
           Miracles
           wrought
           by
           him
           ,
           part
           of
           which
           are
           in
           no
           other
           Writers
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           he
           hath
           made
           his
           Own
           by
           vouching
           for
           them
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           shewn
           .
           This
           I
           cannot
           imagine
           why
           so
           wise
           a
           man
           should
           do
           ,
           
           but
           in
           pursuance
           of
           his
           malicious
           design
           against
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           by
           making
           his
           reader
           believe
           ,
           that
           the
           
           Miracles
           of
           Christ
           ,
           upon
           which
           the
           credit
           of
           our
           Religion
           is
           built
           ,
           were
           of
           no
           greater
           credit
           themselves
           ,
           than
           those
           which
           were
           wrought
           by
           Pythagoras
           .
           That
           I
           am
           not
           mistaken
           in
           this
           ,
           the
           Reader
           will
           see
           in
           the
           following
           instance
           of
           Hierocles
           ;
           who
           ,
           writing
           some
           few
           years
           after
           Porphyry
           had
           so
           highly
           advanced
           Pythagoras
           ,
           set
           him
           up
           in
           Competition
           with
           our
           Lord
           Iesus
           Christ
           ,
           as
           I
           shall
           presently
           shew
           .
        
         
           Hierocles
           ,
           being
           chief
           Iudge
           at
           Nicomedia
           in
           
           Dioclet●an's
           time
           ,
           
           was
           a
           chief
           Instigator
           of
           that
           bloody
           Persecution
           that
           was
           then
           against
           the
           innocent
           Christians
           .
           And
           to
           justifie
           this
           ,
           he
           writ
           two
           Books
           against
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           which
           he
           publish'd
           under
           the
           title
           of
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
             a
             lover
             of
             Truth
          
           .
           No
           doubt
           by
           these
           means
           he
           won
           the
           heart
           of
           the
           Emperour
           Galerius
           ,
           who
           was
           the
           first
           mover
           of
           that
           Persecution
           :
           and
           therefore
           by
           him
           he
           was
           advanced
           to
           the
           most
           profitable
           Government
           of
           Alexandria
           in
           Egypt
           .
           
           There
           also
           he
           went
           on
           in
           his
           butcherly
           Trade
           ;
           till
           an
           end
           was
           put
           to
           it
           ,
           by
           the
           wonderfull
           Providence
           of
           God
           ,
           which
           by
           
           Constantine's
           means
           brought
           Christianity
           to
           be
           the
           Imperial
           Religion
           .
           Then
           Hierocles
           betook
           himself
           wholly
           to
           Philosophy
           ,
           and
           among
           other
           things
           ,
           writ
           his
           Commentary
           on
           the
           Golden
           Verses
           that
           bear
           the
           name
           of
           Pythagoras
           ;
           which
           I
           mention
           ,
           to
           shew
           how
           much
           he
           
           was
           addicted
           to
           the
           honour
           of
           
           Porphyry's
           Saint
           .
        
         
           Of
           his
           two
           Books
           against
           the
           Christians
           ,
           
           it
           seems
           that
           Eusebius
           saw
           but
           One
           ;
           and
           of
           that
           ,
           he
           tells
           us
           ,
           the
           most
           part
           was
           stollen
           out
           of
           Celsus
           ;
           and
           was
           long
           since
           answer'd
           by
           Origen
           .
           It
           appears
           that
           in
           that
           work
           of
           Hierocles
           ,
           to
           pull
           down
           the
           honour
           of
           Christ
           ,
           he
           first
           set
           up
           Aristeas
           ,
           as
           Celsus
           had
           done
           :
           next
           he
           sets
           up
           Pythagoras
           ;
           
           and
           lastly
           
             Apollonius
             Tyaneus
          
           .
           All
           this
           we
           learn
           out
           of
           that
           Fragment
           of
           Hierocles
           ,
           which
           is
           publish'd
           in
           the
           end
           of
           his
           Works
           ,
           and
           also
           at
           the
           end
           of
           
           Eusebius's
           answer
           to
           his
           Book
           :
           though
           Eusebius
           medleth
           only
           with
           that
           part
           which
           concerns
           Apollonius
           ,
           because
           that
           was
           all
           that
           was
           New
           in
           this
           Controversie
           .
           In
           this
           piece
           Hierocles
           ,
           having
           magnified
           
             Apollonius
             Tyaneus
          
           for
           the
           great
           things
           that
           were
           recorded
           of
           him
           by
           Philostratus
           in
           his
           life
           ;
           and
           having
           vilified
           our
           Lord
           Iesus
           Christ
           ,
           whom
           the
           Christians
           ,
           as
           he
           saith
           on
           the
           account
           of
           his
           doing
           a
           few
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           call
           a
           God
           ;
           he
           concludes
           in
           these
           words
           :
           
             It
             is
             worth
             the
             considering
             ,
             that
             those
             things
             of
             Iesus
             are
             brag'd
             of
             by
             Peter
             and
             Paul
             ,
             and
             some
             others
             of
             that
             sort
             of
             men
             ,
             Liars
             ,
             and
             Illiterate
             ,
             and
             Impostors
             :
             but
             for
             these
             things
             of
             Apollonius
             ,
             we
             have
             Maximus
             ,
             and
             Damis
             a
             Philosopher
             that
             lived
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             Philostratus
             ,
             men
             
             eminent
             for
             their
             Learning
             ,
             and
             lovers
             of
             truth
             .
          
        
         
           What
           a
           
             Lover
             of
             Truth
             Hierocles
          
           himself
           was
           ,
           we
           are
           to
           judge
           ,
           not
           by
           the
           title
           of
           his
           Books
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           things
           contained
           in
           them
           .
           And
           though
           his
           Books
           against
           the
           Christians
           have
           been
           lost
           many
           Ages
           since
           ,
           (
           as
           those
           blasphemous
           Books
           of
           Porphyry
           were
           ,
           )
           yet
           here
           we
           have
           a
           kind
           of
           Summary
           of
           them
           in
           this
           Fragment
           .
           For
           here
           we
           see
           in
           short
           ,
           what
           he
           had
           to
           say
           against
           the
           Apostles
           of
           Christ
           ,
           and
           what
           to
           say
           for
           the
           Evangelists
           of
           Apollonius
           ,
           whom
           he
           sets
           up
           against
           him
           :
           and
           it
           cannot
           be
           denied
           that
           ,
           on
           either
           side
           ,
           the
           truth
           of
           the
           matters
           of
           fact
           is
           to
           be
           judged
           of
           chiefly
           by
           the
           sufficiency
           and
           the
           honesty
           of
           the
           Witnesses
           .
           Therefore
           knowing
           what
           he
           has
           to
           say
           of
           them
           ,
           we
           know
           in
           effect
           the
           validity
           of
           all
           that
           is
           contained
           in
           his
           Books
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           In
           his
           charge
           against
           the
           Apostles
           of
           Christ
           ,
           to
           say
           that
           Paul
           was
           Illiterate
           ,
           this
           was
           certainly
           an
           impudent
           Calumny
           .
           For
           beside
           his
           knowledge
           of
           the
           Greek
           ,
           that
           was
           his
           native
           Language
           ,
           
           wherein
           also
           we
           see
           he
           writ
           a
           large
           Epistle
           with
           his
           own
           hand
           ,
           and
           quotes
           the
           Greek
           Poets
           in
           several
           of
           his
           Epistles
           ;
           I
           say
           ,
           beside
           this
           ,
           he
           had
           the
           Hebrew
           Learning
           in
           great
           perfection
           ,
           being
           brought
           up
           at
           the
           feet
           of
           Gamaliel
           ,
           
           a
           Doctor
           in
           great
           fame
           among
           the
           Iews
           to
           this
           day
           .
           And
           he
           
           gave
           such
           proofs
           of
           his
           Learning
           before
           the
           Roman
           Governour
           and
           King
           Agrippa
           ,
           that
           the
           Governour
           said
           ,
           
           
             too
             much
             learning
             had
             made
             him
             mad
             .
          
           So
           far
           was
           He
           from
           calling
           him
           an
           illiterate
           Man.
           
        
         
           Then
           to
           call
           him
           and
           
             Peter
             ,
             Liars
          
           ,
           and
           Impostors
           ,
           what
           occasion
           did
           they
           give
           him
           for
           this
           ?
           Only
           by
           their
           Preaching
           and
           Writing
           for
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           .
           But
           did
           they
           believe
           that
           Religion
           ,
           or
           not
           ?
           If
           they
           did
           ,
           suppose
           they
           might
           err
           in
           this
           ,
           yet
           they
           could
           not
           be
           Liars
           and
           Impostors
           ;
           for
           they
           both
           knew
           ,
           and
           writ
           ,
           that
           all
           such
           are
           in
           a
           state
           of
           Damnation
           ,
           
           according
           to
           the
           rules
           of
           their
           Religion
           .
           But
           if
           they
           did
           not
           believe
           it
           ,
           then
           indeed
           they
           might
           do
           wicked
           things
           for
           their
           Religion
           ,
           if
           that
           would
           recommend
           them
           to
           the
           Emperour's
           favour
           ;
           and
           so
           to
           get
           preferment
           ,
           as
           Hierocles
           did
           .
           But
           they
           were
           so
           far
           from
           that
           ,
           the
           Government
           being
           against
           their
           Religion
           ,
           that
           they
           could
           get
           nothing
           by
           it
           but
           Dangers
           and
           Sufferings
           .
           Those
           they
           met
           with
           in
           all
           places
           wheresoever
           they
           preach'd
           .
           And
           they
           look'd
           for
           nothing
           else
           in
           this
           world
           ,
           but
           Sufferings
           ,
           and
           those
           to
           end
           in
           a
           cruel
           Death
           ,
           for
           Christ's
           sake
           .
           
           This
           both
           of
           them
           declared
           in
           the
           last
           Epiples
           they
           writ
           .
           And
           in
           this
           we
           see
           they
           were
           not
           mistaken
           .
           For
           both
           of
           them
           suffer'd
           Martyrdom
           ,
           as
           Clemens
           tells
           us
           in
           his
           Epistle
           to
           the
           Corinthians
           ,
           which
           he
           writ
           
           within
           two
           or
           three
           years
           after
           their
           death
           ,
           the
           truth
           of
           which
           Epistle
           hath
           never
           been
           question'd
           by
           any
           learned
           man
           whatsoever
           .
        
         
           But
           what
           shall
           we
           say
           of
           a
           man
           that
           was
           perfectly
           Blinded
           ,
           with
           Prejudice
           and
           Malice
           ,
           or
           with
           Ambition
           and
           Covetousness
           ?
           If
           Hierocles
           had
           not
           been
           so
           ,
           he
           could
           not
           but
           have
           seen
           that
           those
           two
           Apostles
           of
           Christ
           had
           nothing
           about
           them
           that
           would
           suit
           with
           those
           two
           ugly
           characters
           of
           Liars
           and
           Impostors
           .
           But
           he
           had
           those
           in
           his
           eye
           that
           would
           certainly
           have
           been
           taken
           by
           those
           marks
           ,
           if
           there
           had
           been
           a
           hue
           and
           cry
           after
           them
           .
           I
           can't
           think
           any
           learned
           man
           in
           his
           Age
           ,
           being
           asked
           ,
           Of
           all
           the
           Writers
           ,
           whose
           Works
           were
           then
           extant
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           greatest
           Liar
           ?
           would
           name
           any
           other
           than
           Philostratus
           .
           I
           am
           sure
           he
           could
           not
           ,
           if
           he
           would
           speak
           impartially
           .
           And
           yet
           this
           Philostratus
           ,
           and
           his
           two
           Authors
           ,
           Maximus
           ,
           and
           Damis
           ,
           known
           to
           none
           but
           himself
           ,
           are
           the
           men
           whom
           Hierocles
           calleth
           
             Learned
             Men
          
           ,
           and
           
             Lovers
             of
             Truth
          
           .
           And
           for
           an
           Impostor
           ,
           if
           such
           a
           one
           had
           been
           enquired
           for
           ,
           I
           know
           not
           whom
           a
           learned
           man
           ,
           that
           had
           no
           design
           to
           serve
           with
           a
           Lye
           ,
           would
           have
           named
           before
           
             Apollonius
             Tyaneus
          
           :
           whom
           yet
           Hierocles
           so
           much
           admires
           ,
           that
           he
           thinks
           himself
           modest
           for
           saying
           only
           this
           ,
           He
           was
           
             a
             Favourite
             of
             the
             Gods
          
           ;
           whereas
           the
           Christians
           say
           ,
           that
           Christ
           was
           God
           himself
           ,
           
           for
           those
           few
           strange
           things
           that
           are
           told
           of
           him
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           For
           Philostratus
           ,
           on
           whose
           single
           word
           all
           the
           credit
           of
           this
           story
           of
           Apollonius
           depends
           ;
           of
           what
           value
           his
           word
           is
           ,
           must
           be
           judged
           by
           considering
           how
           he
           was
           qualified
           for
           an
           Historian
           .
           To
           begin
           with
           the
           opportunities
           he
           had
           to
           inform
           himself
           ;
           it
           is
           certain
           ,
           he
           could
           say
           nothing
           of
           his
           Own
           knowledge
           .
           For
           as
           himself
           tells
           us
           ,
           
           Apollonius
           died
           a
           few
           weeks
           after
           the
           Emperour
           Domitian
           :
           that
           was
           in
           the
           year
           of
           our
           Lord
           96.
           
           But
           Philostratus
           did
           not
           write
           this
           till
           above
           a
           hundred
           years
           after
           .
           How
           came
           he
           then
           by
           all
           the
           stuff
           with
           which
           he
           hath
           filled
           a
           large
           History
           ?
           He
           tells
           us
           ,
           that
           while
           he
           lived
           in
           the
           Court
           of
           Julia
           ,
           that
           most
           infamous
           Empress
           ,
           the
           Mother
           and
           Wife
           of
           that
           horrible
           brute
           Caracalla
           ,
           the
           Minutes
           of
           
           Apollonius's
           Life
           ,
           written
           by
           one
           Damis
           ,
           
           that
           lived
           with
           him
           ,
           were
           presented
           to
           her
           by
           one
           of
           
           Damis's
           Relations
           ;
           and
           she
           being
           a
           Lover
           of
           fine
           Language
           ,
           delivered
           them
           to
           this
           Sophist
           Philostratus
           ,
           to
           put
           them
           into
           a
           handsome
           dress
           .
           But
           that
           we
           may
           not
           think
           these
           Minutes
           were
           all
           that
           he
           had
           for
           the
           furnishing
           of
           his
           History
           ,
           he
           tells
           us
           ,
           he
           had
           besides
           ,
           
           an
           account
           from
           one
           Maximus
           of
           Aegae
           ,
           how
           Apollonius
           past
           his
           time
           in
           that
           Town
           ,
           for
           the
           two
           or
           three
           years
           that
           he
           lived
           there
           ,
           being
           then
           about
           20
           years
           
           of
           Age
           ,
           
             almost
             a
             Boy
          
           ,
           as
           Hierocles
           words
           it
           .
           And
           this
           is
           all
           the
           help
           he
           had
           from
           these
           two
           
             Lovers
             of
             Truth
          
           ,
           as
           Hierocles
           calls
           them
           .
           But
           there
           was
           besides
           ,
           one
           Moeragenes
           ,
           
           that
           writ
           IV
           Books
           ,
           On
           or
           
             Against
             Apollonius
          
           ;
           but
           he
           is
           not
           to
           be
           heeded
           ,
           saith
           Philostratus
           ,
           because
           he
           was
           ignorant
           of
           many
           of
           our
           Stories
           ;
           so
           he
           lost
           the
           Honour
           of
           being
           recorded
           by
           Hierocles
           for
           one
           of
           the
           
             lovers
             of
             Truth
          
           .
           In
           short
           ,
           except
           the
           little
           things
           that
           hapned
           in
           the
           short
           time
           that
           Apollonius
           was
           at
           Aegae
           ;
           for
           any
           thing
           else
           of
           his
           Life
           ,
           Philostratus
           doth
           not
           pretend
           to
           have
           any
           Author
           but
           Damis
           .
           Yet
           all
           that
           he
           had
           of
           Damis
           ,
           was
           no
           more
           than
           a
           Table-book
           of
           Minutes
           ,
           as
           Philostratus
           owns
           .
           And
           those
           might
           be
           written
           by
           any
           one
           else
           ,
           for
           ought
           he
           knew
           .
           For
           it
           was
           a
           hundred
           years
           after
           
           Damis's
           death
           ,
           before
           he
           saw
           or
           heard
           of
           them
           .
           Till
           then
           they
           were
           
             not
             known
          
           .
           And
           then
           a
           Nameless
           man
           ,
           pretending
           to
           be
           a
           relation
           of
           Damis
           ,
           brought
           them
           ,
           and
           said
           they
           were
           written
           by
           Damis
           .
           Th●s
           is
           all
           the
           Authority
           we
           have
           for
           
           Philostratus's
           Legend
           .
        
         
           But
           he
           saith
           in
           the
           Chapter
           before
           ,
           he
           had
           some
           things
           from
           Town-talk
           ,
           
           in
           the
           places
           where
           Apollonius
           had
           been
           ;
           and
           some
           things
           he
           had
           that
           
             other
             men
             said
          
           of
           him
           :
           and
           some
           things
           from
           Epistles
           that
           Apollonius
           had
           written
           to
           
             Kings
             ,
             &c.
          
           
           As
           for
           the
           Talk
           of
           things
           
           done
           a
           hundred
           years
           ago
           ,
           that
           is
           very
           uncertain
           ;
           but
           of
           what
           Authority
           were
           these
           Epistles
           ?
           There
           may
           well
           be
           a
           doubt
           of
           this
           .
           For
           the
           Epistles
           in
           
             Diogenes
             Laertius
          
           were
           generally
           forged
           by
           Sophists
           .
           
           And
           Philostratus
           being
           a
           Sophist
           ,
           and
           one
           that
           knew
           how
           to
           write
           
             to
             Kings
          
           ,
           might
           be
           the
           very
           man
           that
           forged
           the
           Epistles
           now
           extant
           .
           We
           have
           reason
           to
           like
           them
           the
           worse
           ,
           for
           agreeing
           too
           well
           with
           his
           History
           .
           But
           besides
           ,
           he
           seems
           to
           doubt
           that
           his
           Reader
           might
           suspect
           these
           Epistles
           ,
           and
           therefore
           question
           his
           History
           .
           To
           fence
           against
           this
           ,
           he
           saith
           ,
           
           he
           took
           things
           that
           were
           
             more
             certain
          
           from
           the
           Authors
           that
           he
           names
           afterwards
           :
           
             Damis
             ,
             &c.
          
           
           Of
           how
           little
           credit
           those
           Authors
           were
           ,
           we
           have
           seen
           .
           And
           if
           things
           taken
           out
           of
           them
           were
           
             more
             certain
          
           ,
           as
           he
           himself
           tells
           us
           ,
           then
           there
           is
           no
           credit
           at
           all
           to
           be
           given
           to
           his
           Epistles
           .
        
         
           So
           much
           for
           the
           Authority
           :
           now
           for
           the
           Matters
           of
           his
           History
           .
           Some
           of
           them
           ,
           I
           dare
           say
           ,
           were
           such
           as
           Lucian
           had
           never
           heard
           of
           ,
           and
           yet
           He
           liv'd
           mid-way
           between
           Apollonius
           and
           his
           Historian
           .
           Particularly
           ,
           
           I
           cannot
           believe
           he
           ever
           heard
           of
           that
           Story
           of
           Apollonius
           ,
           how
           he
           made
           the
           people
           at
           Ephesus
           stone
           an
           old
           Beggar
           ;
           who
           ,
           as
           He
           told
           them
           ,
           was
           a
           Daemon
           ;
           and
           when
           the
           Stones
           had
           made
           a
           Hillock
           over
           his
           body
           ,
           he
           bad
           the
           people
           remove
           the
           Stones
           ,
           which
           they
           did
           ▪
           and
           found
           under
           them
           ,
           not
           a
           man
           ,
           but
           
           a
           Mastiff
           ,
           as
           big
           as
           the
           biggest
           sort
           of
           Lion
           ,
           and
           foaming
           at
           Mouth
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           had
           been
           mad
           .
           So
           likewise
           he
           tells
           how
           Apollonius
           being
           invited
           ,
           with
           many
           other
           Guests
           ,
           by
           his
           Friend
           Menippus
           to
           his
           Wedding
           ;
           he
           found
           that
           the
           amiable
           Bride
           was
           a
           She-Devil
           ,
           
           that
           was
           in
           love
           with
           Menippus
           ,
           and
           pretending
           to
           be
           a
           great
           Fortune
           ,
           had
           provided
           the
           Wedding
           Dinner
           ,
           with
           a
           noble
           Antendance
           ,
           and
           all
           manner
           of
           Delicacies
           :
           but
           ,
           upon
           his
           telling
           his
           Friend
           what
           she
           was
           ,
           she
           ,
           together
           with
           her
           Attendance
           and
           Dinner
           ,
           vanisht
           ,
           leaving
           Apollonius
           to
           make
           her
           Excuse
           to
           the
           Bridegroom
           and
           his
           Company
           .
           Here
           were
           Subjects
           for
           Lucian
           to
           have
           bantered
           upon
           ,
           beyond
           any
           that
           are
           in
           his
           Book
           ;
           so
           that
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           not
           There
           ,
           I
           say
           again
           ,
           one
           may
           be
           sure
           he
           never
           heard
           of
           them
           .
        
         
           He
           that
           could
           thus
           descry
           Devils
           ,
           might
           as
           well
           ken
           Souls
           ,
           one
           would
           think
           ,
           and
           tell
           what
           Bodies
           they
           had
           passed
           through
           ;
           especially
           being
           a
           Pythagorean
           Philosopher
           .
           I
           have
           shewn
           Apollonius
           could
           do
           that
           ,
           
           as
           well
           as
           Pythagoras
           himself
           ;
           though
           Philostratus
           doth
           not
           tell
           us
           ,
           that
           ever
           his
           Soul
           dwelt
           ,
           as
           that
           of
           Pythagoras
           did
           ,
           in
           the
           Body
           of
           a
           Son
           of
           Mercury
           ,
           that
           had
           that
           Gift
           from
           his
           Father
           .
           But
           he
           was
           not
           to
           be
           measur'd
           by
           Pythagoras
           ,
           being
           as
           Philostratus
           tells
           us
           ,
           far
           the
           greater
           Man
           of
           the
           two
           .
           He
           out-did
           him
           in
           many
           things
           ;
           
           and
           particularly
           
           in
           this
           ,
           that
           he
           could
           call
           up
           the
           Souls
           of
           any
           of
           the
           Heroes
           ,
           and
           entertain
           himself
           with
           them
           at
           his
           Pleasure
           .
           Particularly
           ,
           at
           the
           Tomb
           of
           Achilles
           ,
           
           where
           that
           Heroe
           appear'd
           sometimes
           frightfully
           to
           others
           ,
           who
           therefore
           warn'd
           Apollonius
           not
           to
           come
           near
           him
           ;
           he
           laught
           at
           them
           ,
           and
           spent
           a
           whole
           Night
           there
           in
           Conversation
           with
           Achilles
           ,
           till
           the
           Cocks-crowing
           ,
           which
           ,
           it
           seems
           ,
           warns
           the
           Sprights
           away
           .
           
           But
           the
           next
           day
           he
           told
           his
           Company
           all
           this
           ;
           how
           the
           Ghost
           appear'd
           to
           him
           ,
           at
           first
           but
           five
           Cubits
           high
           ,
           but
           rose
           up
           by
           degrees
           to
           be
           twelve
           ;
           perhaps
           swelling
           with
           Indignation
           against
           his
           Countrey-men
           of
           Thessaly
           ;
           of
           whom
           he
           bitterly
           complained
           ,
           That
           whereas
           they
           used
           to
           worship
           him
           formerly
           ,
           now
           they
           had
           this
           good
           while
           left
           it
           off
           .
           He
           called
           Apollonius
           by
           his
           Name
           :
           And
           told
           him
           ,
           I
           am
           glad
           you
           are
           here
           ,
           for
           I
           have
           long
           lookt
           for
           such
           a
           one
           as
           you
           to
           tell
           them
           of
           this
           .
           But
           for
           one
           thing
           he
           expostulated
           with
           Apo●l●nius
           too
           :
           That
           he
           had
           receiv'd
           into
           his
           Company
           one
           Antisthenes
           ,
           that
           was
           of
           the
           race
           of
           King
           Priamus
           ,
           and
           that
           used
           to
           sing
           the
           Praises
           of
           Hector
           ;
           whom
           ,
           belike
           ,
           Achilles
           hated
           ,
           even
           after
           Dea●h
           .
           But
           it
           seems
           Apollonius
           ,
           having
           done
           this
           ignorantly
           ,
           now
           he
           was
           told
           of
           it
           discarded
           the
           young
           Gentleman
           .
           All
           this
           ,
           as
           Philostratus
           says
           ,
           was
           in
           the
           minutes
           of
           Damis
           ,
           who
           was
           present
           at
           that
           time
           .
        
         
         
           And
           with
           Him
           I
           go
           next
           to
           
           Apollonius's
           Travels
           ,
           of
           which
           Philostratus
           tells
           us
           many
           wonders
           that
           he
           saith
           Damis
           saw
           ;
           among
           which
           are
           the
           most
           incredible
           things
           that
           we
           read
           in
           the
           Travels
           of
           Sir
           
             John
             Mandevill
          
           .
           But
           he
           tells
           us
           many
           more
           and
           greater
           than
           that
           Knight
           has
           in
           his
           Book
           .
           Particularly
           this
           ,
           which
           Damis
           confesseth
           made
           him
           stare
           .
           
           When
           he
           was
           among
           the
           Bramins
           ,
           they
           brought
           him
           to
           a
           Treat
           :
           where
           he
           saw
           four
           Tables
           ,
           that
           walked
           and
           placed
           themselves
           in
           an
           apt
           Figure
           :
           each
           of
           these
           was
           supported
           by
           an
           Image
           that
           served
           them
           with
           Drink
           :
           Two
           of
           these
           Images
           pour'd
           out
           Wine
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           two
           Water
           ,
           one
           hot
           ,
           and
           one
           cold
           ,
           to
           every
           Guest
           according
           to
           his
           drinking
           :
           and
           for
           Dinner
           ,
           there
           came
           in
           Dishes
           of
           all
           the
           best
           Fruits
           of
           the
           Season
           ;
           invisible
           ,
           till
           they
           were
           upon
           the
           Table
           ,
           and
           there
           they
           set
           themselves
           in
           order
           for
           eating
           :
           then
           the
           Earth
           thrust
           up
           heaps
           of
           Grass
           ,
           that
           were
           softer
           than
           Beds
           ,
           for
           the
           Guests
           to
           lie
           upon
           .
           Philostratus
           saith
           indeed
           ,
           that
           how
           they
           did
           these
           things
           ,
           Apollonius
           neither
           asked
           ,
           nor
           cared
           to
           Learn
           :
           that
           is
           ,
           he
           took
           all
           to
           be
           done
           by
           Magick
           .
           But
           he
           liked
           these
           Magicians
           never
           the
           worse
           for
           it
           ;
           as
           appears
           by
           the
           high
           Praises
           he
           gave
           them
           at
           every
           mention
           that
           he
           made
           of
           them
           afterwards
           .
           Which
           so
           prick'd
           the
           Gymnosophists
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           with
           them
           in
           
           Aethiopia
           ,
           that
           they
           ,
           
           to
           shew
           him
           a
           proof
           of
           their
           skill
           ,
           made
           an
           Elm-tree
           speak
           to
           him
           .
           It
           spoke
           ,
           he
           saith
           ,
           articulately
           :
           but
           it
           was
           with
           a
           
             Woman's
             voice
          
           ;
           perhaps
           because
           the
           Greek
           word
           for
           an
           Elm
           is
           of
           the
           Feminine
           Gender
           .
           
           These
           are
           very
           rank
           fulsome
           Lyes
           :
           but
           they
           are
           but
           a
           small
           tast
           of
           the
           abundance
           that
           Philostratus
           gives
           us
           out
           of
           his
           
           Damis's
           Minutes
           .
        
         
           What
           he
           tells
           of
           Apollonius
           without
           that
           Authority
           ,
           himself
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           shewn
           ,
           
           doth
           acknowledge
           to
           be
           very
           Vncertain
           .
           Such
           he
           owns
           those
           stories
           to
           have
           been
           that
           he
           tells
           us
           ;
           of
           a
           Choire
           of
           Swans
           ,
           that
           ,
           
           happening
           to
           be
           in
           the
           Meadow
           where
           his
           Mother
           fell
           in
           Labour
           ,
           Sung
           him
           into
           the
           World
           :
           and
           also
           of
           a
           Choire
           of
           Virgins
           ,
           that
           sung
           him
           into
           Heaven
           ;
           
           if
           the
           lying
           Cretans
           may
           be
           believ'd
           ,
           that
           gave
           Philostratus
           the
           words
           of
           their
           Song
           .
           For
           the
           distance
           of
           time
           between
           his
           Birth
           and
           his
           Death
           ,
           he
           owns
           it
           to
           be
           very
           uncertain
           :
           He
           saith
           it
           was
           ,
           as
           some
           say
           ,
           80
           years
           ,
           as
           some
           90
           ,
           and
           as
           some
           above
           100.
           
           But
           therein
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           in
           many
           other
           things
           ,
           he
           shew'd
           his
           want
           of
           Chronology
           .
           For
           if
           ,
           as
           he
           tells
           us
           ,
           Archelaus
           rebell'd
           against
           the
           Romans
           ,
           when
           Apollonius
           was
           at
           Aegae
           ,
           being
           then
           but
           16
           years
           old
           ;
           then
           he
           must
           have
           been
           born
           in
           or
           very
           near
           the
           first
           year
           of
           our
           Lord
           :
           
           for
           it
           was
           certainly
           
             A.
             D.
          
           17
           ,
           in
           which
           Archelaus
           ,
           
           after
           a
           very
           short
           
           struggle
           ,
           yielded
           ,
           and
           was
           deposed
           for
           his
           Rebellion
           .
           
           And
           as
           I
           have
           shewn
           from
           Philostratus
           himself
           ,
           Apollodorus
           died
           
             A.
             D.
          
           96.
           
           
           Therefore
           ,
           according
           to
           
           Philostratus's
           own
           account
           ,
           he
           died
           at
           the
           Age
           of
           96
           or
           97
           years
           old
           ;
           which
           is
           none
           of
           the
           years
           above
           mention'd
           .
           So
           uncertain
           was
           also
           the
           place
           of
           his
           death
           .
           For
           ,
           as
           Philostratus
           saith
           ,
           some
           say
           he
           died
           at
           Ephesus
           ;
           some
           say
           in
           the
           Isle
           of
           Candy
           ;
           
           and
           some
           in
           
           Minerva's
           Temple
           at
           Lindus
           .
           For
           
           Philostratus's
           part
           ,
           not
           daring
           to
           strain
           the
           credit
           of
           Damis
           ,
           by
           making
           him
           side
           with
           any
           of
           them
           ,
           he
           declares
           that
           D●mis
           said
           nothing
           of
           the
           manner
           of
           his
           Death
           .
           But
           then
           ,
           delivering
           the
           opinions
           of
           others
           ,
           
           he
           saith
           ,
           
             Thus
             died
          
           Apollonius
           ;
           adding
           ,
           
             if
             he
             Died
             at
             all
          
           .
           O
           rare
           Historian
           !
           that
           ,
           having
           not
           only
           assured
           us
           he
           was
           Born
           ,
           but
           having
           given
           a
           particular
           account
           ,
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           and
           his
           Mother
           ,
           and
           the
           Green
           Chamber
           he
           was
           Born
           in
           ;
           comes
           at
           last
           to
           make
           a
           Doubt
           whether
           he
           ever
           Died
           or
           no.
           What
           would
           this
           man
           have
           the
           Reader
           think
           of
           his
           Apollonius
           ?
           that
           he
           was
           greater
           than
           Apollo
           ?
           or
           than
           Jupiter
           himself
           ?
           So
           it
           seems
           .
           For
           both
           these
           Died
           ,
           as
           we
           have
           shewn
           from
           Pythagoras
           himself
           ;
           
           who
           own'd
           it
           was
           after
           their
           Deaths
           that
           they
           were
           made
           Gods
           :
           and
           Pythagoras
           could
           not
           but
           Know
           this
           ;
           for
           ,
           as
           this
           Writer
           tells
           us
           ,
           Pythagoras
           was
           Among
           them
           
           sometimes
           ;
           and
           Apollo
           came
           to
           him
           ,
           
           and
           own'd
           that
           it
           was
           He
           that
           spoke
           to
           him
           .
           Yet
           here
           ,
           Philostratus
           ,
           that
           told
           us
           all
           this
           ,
           though
           he
           durst
           not
           speak
           out
           ,
           that
           Apollonius
           did
           Never
           die
           ;
           yet
           he
           intimates
           this
           was
           his
           Opinion
           ,
           and
           would
           incline
           his
           Reader
           to
           believe
           it
           :
           Certainly
           your
           Tzetzes
           did
           not
           exceed
           in
           calling
           him
           the
           
             most
             lying
             Philostratus
          
           .
           Among
           all
           the
           Writers
           that
           I
           know
           ,
           there
           is
           scarce
           a
           greater
           Liar
           in
           the
           world
           .
        
         
           Nor
           was
           there
           a
           greater
           Impostor
           than
           Apollonius
           ;
           whom
           ,
           on
           the
           sole
           credit
           of
           
           Philostratus's
           History
           ,
           Hierocles
           so
           much
           extolls
           ,
           as
           the
           great
           
             Favourite
             of
             the
             Gods
          
           ,
           and
           fitter
           to
           be
           called
           a
           God
           ,
           than
           our
           Blessed
           Saviour
           .
           But
           to
           shew
           more
           particularly
           what
           Apollonius
           was
           ,
           we
           must
           not
           wholly
           reject
           his
           lying
           Historian
           .
           For
           ,
           if
           we
           do
           ,
           we
           are
           quite
           in
           the
           dark
           :
           there
           being
           no
           other
           that
           writ
           of
           Apollonius
           within
           two
           hundred
           years
           after
           his
           death
           ,
           Lucian
           only
           excepted
           .
           And
           therefore
           to
           make
           the
           best
           of
           what
           we
           have
           in
           these
           two
           Writers
           ,
           I
           shall
           begin
           with
           Philostratus
           ,
           and
           take
           the
           best
           Information
           we
           can
           get
           of
           him
           .
        
         
           Now
           according
           to
           this
           Historian
           ,
           Apollonius
           was
           bred
           up
           at
           first
           among
           the
           Pythagoreans
           ,
           and
           always
           affected
           to
           be
           thought
           a
           Philosopher
           of
           that
           Sect.
           For
           he
           strictly
           observed
           the
           rules
           of
           Pythagoras
           ,
           though
           he
           understood
           not
           his
           Doctrine
           .
           
           But
           he
           not
           only
           imitated
           ,
           
           but
           much
           out
           did
           him
           in
           his
           Travels
           .
           And
           according
           to
           the
           way
           of
           that
           Sect
           ,
           which
           was
           much
           addicted
           to
           the
           Worship
           of
           
           Daemon's
           ,
           he
           made
           it
           his
           b●siness
           ,
           wheresoever
           he
           went
           ,
           to
           restore
           the
           Gentile
           Idolatry
           ,
           which
           was
           then
           much
           sunk
           by
           the
           preaching
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           .
           This
           ,
           no
           doubt
           ,
           might
           entitle
           him
           to
           the
           Devil
           's
           especial
           Assistance
           ,
           by
           which
           he
           might
           do
           Wonderfull
           things
           ;
           and
           might
           ,
           as
           he
           Boasted
           he
           did
           ,
           know
           more
           than
           all
           the
           men
           in
           the
           world
           .
           That
           was
           nothing
           to
           him
           .
           He
           would
           be
           thought
           to
           be
           a
           God
           ,
           and
           therefore
           he
           boasted
           of
           things
           which
           no
           Man
           could
           know
           or
           do
           .
           
           He
           declared
           ,
           he
           knew
           all
           the
           Languages
           of
           Men
           without
           any
           teaching
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           understood
           ,
           not
           only
           their
           Words
           ,
           but
           even
           their
           
             silent
             Thoughts
             .
             Damis
          
           ,
           as
           soon
           as
           he
           heard
           this
           ,
           fell
           down
           and
           worsh●pped
           him
           ;
           he
           could
           do
           no
           less
           ,
           looking
           upon
           him
           as
           a
           Daemon
           ,
           saith
           the
           Historian
           .
           Others
           that
           saw
           his
           Tricks
           ,
           and
           heard
           such
           things
           from
           him
           ,
           soon
           found
           both
           what
           he
           was
           ,
           and
           what
           he
           would
           be
           at
           .
           They
           saw
           ,
           he
           was
           either
           a
           Magician
           or
           a
           grand
           Cheat.
           This
           was
           the
           common
           Opinion
           they
           had
           of
           him
           ,
           
           according
           to
           Philostratus
           ,
           who
           notably
           fenceth
           against
           it
           .
           They
           also
           saw
           what
           he
           drove
           at
           ,
           even
           to
           be
           thought
           a
           God.
           Of
           this
           he
           was
           accused
           to
           the
           Government
           :
           
           and
           that
           by
           Philosophers
           even
           by
           Euphrates
           the
           greatest
           
           of
           them
           in
           his
           Age.
           These
           learned
           men
           ,
           no
           doubt
           ,
           had
           seen
           the
           Books
           that
           he
           publish'd
           ;
           namely
           ,
           
           his
           four
           Books
           of
           Iudicial
           Astrology
           ,
           and
           his
           Books
           of
           Sacrifices
           ,
           to
           shew
           what
           sorts
           of
           them
           would
           best
           please
           every
           God.
           I
           find
           no
           other
           Books
           that
           he
           writ
           .
           And
           these
           could
           not
           but
           confirm
           those
           Philosophers
           in
           their
           opinion
           of
           him
           .
           We
           have
           these
           things
           ,
           and
           much
           more
           of
           this
           kind
           ,
           from
           Philostratus
           ;
           whom
           we
           have
           reason
           to
           believe
           in
           these
           things
           ,
           though
           not
           in
           many
           other
           ;
           for
           in
           these
           he
           agrees
           with
           him
           that
           lived
           nearest
           
           Apollonius's
           time
           .
        
         
           Of
           all
           the
           Writers
           now
           extant
           ,
           the
           nearest
           to
           the
           time
           of
           Apollonius
           was
           Lucian
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           shewn
           .
           And
           what
           opinion
           he
           had
           of
           him
           ,
           we
           may
           see
           in
           his
           account
           of
           another
           of
           the
           same
           Trade
           ,
           one
           Alexander
           ,
           a
           Famous
           Impostor
           .
           
           Lucian
           tells
           us
           of
           this
           Alexander
           ;
           that
           being
           at
           first
           a
           handsome
           Youth
           ,
           he
           was
           abused
           by
           one
           of
           Tyana
           ,
           that
           made
           him
           his
           Catamite
           .
           This
           execrable
           Sodomite
           ,
           being
           ,
           as
           Lucian
           saith
           ,
           not
           only
           a
           Countryman
           of
           Apollonius
           ,
           but
           also
           one
           of
           his
           Companions
           ,
           that
           knew
           all
           His
           way
           of
           
             acting
             the
             part
             of
             a
             Philosopher
          
           ;
           
           to
           make
           this
           young
           man
           the
           more
           passive
           to
           his
           Lust
           ,
           train'd
           him
           up
           to
           Magic
           ,
           and
           taught
           him
           the
           use
           of
           Charms
           ,
           and
           made
           him
           a
           great
           Proficient
           in
           all
           the
           other
           
             arts
             of
             Cheating
          
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           excell'd
           .
           This
           is
           all
           that
           
           we
           have
           of
           Apollonius
           from
           Lucian
           .
           And
           we
           had
           not
           known
           so
           much
           of
           him
           as
           this
           ,
           but
           that
           Lucian
           ,
           having
           occasion
           to
           speak
           of
           a
           Companion
           of
           his
           ,
           that
           set
           up
           at
           his
           Trade
           ,
           and
           took
           Apprentices
           at
           it
           ;
           thereupon
           brings
           him
           in
           ,
           as
           the
           Master-workman
           of
           his
           Age
           in
           all
           that
           way
           of
           Diabolical
           Practice
           .
        
         
           This
           was
           the
           Reputation
           he
           had
           ,
           as
           it
           seems
           ,
           till
           above
           a
           hundred
           years
           after
           his
           Death
           .
           Then
           outcomes
           this
           Book
           of
           his
           Life
           ;
           compos'd
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           shewn
           ,
           out
           of
           
             unknown
             Memoirs
          
           ,
           
           brought
           into
           the
           World
           by
           an
           unknown
           hand
           .
           They
           are
           said
           to
           have
           been
           Brought
           to
           the
           Empress
           Julia
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           shewn
           .
           That
           might
           be
           ,
           though
           they
           were
           first
           born
           in
           her
           Court.
           
           She
           might
           as
           well
           order
           the
           first
           Devising
           ,
           as
           the
           composing
           of
           them
           in●o
           a
           History
           .
           Philostratus
           owns
           that
           what
           he
           did
           was
           by
           Her
           order
           .
           And
           she
           was
           her self
           a
           Philosopher
           ,
           
           as
           he
           tells
           us
           :
           a
           great
           Intriguer
           ,
           all
           acknowledge
           .
           No
           doubt
           she
           had
           very
           great
           reasons
           for
           such
           an
           extraordinary
           thing
           as
           this
           was
           ,
           to
           canonize
           a
           Magician
           a
           hundred
           years
           after
           his
           death
           ,
           and
           to
           advance
           him
           even
           to
           be
           a
           God
           :
           Whether
           she
           had
           a
           mind
           this
           way
           to
           draw
           off
           her
           Son
           ,
           the
           young
           Emperor
           ,
           from
           the
           esteem
           he
           had
           of
           the
           Christians
           ,
           whom
           he
           favour'd
           on
           his
           Nurses
           account
           ,
           
           that
           was
           of
           that
           Religion
           :
           or
           whether
           to
           do
           honour
           to
           a
           Disciple
           and
           in●imate
           Friend
           of
           the
           Magi
           ,
           
           
           that
           were
           Noted
           to
           lie
           with
           their
           Mothers
           ;
           
           and
           thereby
           to
           countenance
           her
           wicked
           design
           of
           drawing
           her
           Son
           to
           her
           Bed.
           These
           are
           but
           Conjectures
           .
           But
           whatsoever
           the
           matter
           was
           ,
           it
           was
           She
           ,
           as
           Philostratus
           owns
           ,
           
           that
           set
           him
           upon
           the
           design
           of
           writing
           the
           Life
           of
           Apollonius
           ;
           at
           such
           a
           rate
           ,
           that
           whoever
           believ'd
           it
           ,
           could
           not
           but
           look
           upon
           him
           as
           a
           fit
           Rival
           for
           our
           Blessed
           Saviour
           .
           Her
           ,
           
           and
           her
           Son
           Caracalla
           ,
           I
           take
           to
           have
           been
           the
           Emperours
           that
           order'd
           him
           to
           be
           worshipped
           ,
           at
           Tyana
           where
           he
           was
           born
           .
           That
           Emperors
           did
           order
           this
           ,
           
           Philostratus
           tells
           us
           in
           a
           Chapter
           which
           I
           take
           to
           be
           an
           addition
           to
           the
           end
           of
           his
           Book
           .
           And
           sure
           this
           could
           not
           be
           done
           by
           any
           Emperors
           before
           
           Lucian's
           time
           :
           For
           if
           it
           had
           ,
           he
           durst
           not
           have
           writ
           those
           things
           that
           I
           have
           quoted
           from
           him
           .
           Considering
           also
           that
           her
           Sister
           or
           Neice
           Mammaea
           ,
           the
           Mother
           of
           
             Alexander
             Severus
          
           ,
           was
           a
           Christian
           ;
           
           I
           do
           not
           wonder
           at
           that
           which
           Lampridius
           hath
           in
           this
           Emperors
           Life
           .
           Where
           he
           saith
           ,
           
           he
           had
           the
           Images
           of
           Christ
           and
           Apollonius
           together
           in
           his
           Lararium
           .
           Of
           his
           Mother
           he
           had
           his
           Birth
           and
           Education
           ;
           and
           it
           was
           his
           Aunt
           Julia
           that
           rais'd
           him
           to
           that
           Greatness
           ;
           in
           which
           ,
           being
           to
           furnish
           a
           Closet
           for
           his
           Devotion
           ,
           he
           thought
           to
           please
           them
           both
           ,
           in
           setting
           up
           his
           Aunt
           's
           God
           together
           with
           his
           Mother's
           .
        
         
         
           As
           the
           bigotted
           Heathens
           could
           not
           but
           be
           pleas'd
           with
           the
           Honour
           done
           to
           Apollonius
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           the
           Lessening
           of
           our
           Blessed
           Saviour
           ,
           so
           no
           doubt
           the
           Devil
           would
           promote
           it
           what
           he
           could
           .
           And
           therefore
           I
           am
           inclin'd
           to
           be
           of
           Dr.
           
           More
           's
           opinion
           ;
           
           that
           the
           Devil
           might
           make
           that
           appearance
           to
           Aurelian
           ,
           in
           the
           name
           of
           his
           Saint
           Apollonius
           ,
           to
           perswade
           that
           incensed
           Emperor
           to
           spare
           his
           City
           of
           Tyana
           for
           his
           sake
           .
           Tho'
           otherwise
           ,
           it
           is
           not
           improbable
           that
           Vopiscus
           might
           Invent
           this
           part
           of
           his
           History
           .
           
           For
           ,
           as
           my
           most
           learned
           Friend
           Mr.
           Dodwell
           shews
           ,
           he
           writ
           it
           in
           the
           first
           heat
           of
           
           Diocletian's
           Persecution
           ,
           and
           dedicated
           it
           to
           the
           
             Praefectus
             Urbis
          
           ,
           who
           had
           the
           same
           concern
           in
           this
           matter
           at
           Rome
           ,
           that
           Hierocles
           had
           at
           Nicomedia
           .
           And
           by
           the
           high
           Encomium
           he
           gives
           Apollonius
           ;
           out
           of
           a
           Greek
           Book
           ,
           as
           he
           tells
           us
           ,
           which
           could
           be
           no
           other
           than
           his
           Life
           written
           by
           Philostratus
           ;
           it
           is
           plain
           he
           had
           the
           same
           wicked
           design
           with
           Hierocles
           ,
           namely
           ,
           to
           set
           up
           this
           Magician
           for
           a
           Rival
           to
           our
           Saviour
           ;
           and
           thereby
           to
           bring
           Contempt
           on
           his
           holy
           Religion
           ,
           and
           on
           all
           them
           that
           suffer'd
           and
           died
           for
           it
           in
           that
           Persecution
           .
        
         
           But
           when
           God●s
           time
           was
           come
           to
           set
           up
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Christ
           ,
           three
           or
           four
           Emperors
           that
           Oppos'd
           it
           with
           the
           utmost
           Malice
           and
           Rage
           ,
           
           were
           successively
           taken
           away
           by
           
           the
           visible
           hand
           of
           God
           ;
           the
           Iustice
           whereof
           two
           of
           them
           at
           their
           death
           did
           acknowledge
           .
           Then
           the
           Devil
           being
           thrown
           out
           of
           Heaven
           ,
           all
           his
           Angels
           fell
           with
           him
           .
           Christianity
           came
           to
           be
           the
           establish'd
           Religion
           .
           And
           Then
           ,
           (
           to
           use
           the
           Phrase
           of
           a
           Gentleman
           that
           had
           more
           Wit
           than
           did
           him
           good
           ,
           )
           Religion
           having
           taught
           the
           people
           to
           
             say
             Grace
          
           ,
           there
           was
           no
           more
           danger
           of
           
             the
             crooked
             Pin
             in
             the
             Pudding
          
           :
           those
           palpable
           Lyes
           of
           Apollonius
           would
           not
           go
           down
           ;
           and
           so
           ,
           for
           ought
           I
           find
           ,
           Hierocles
           quite
           lost
           his
           labour
           .
        
         
           Next
           ,
           Jamblichus
           ,
           who
           ,
           as
           Eunapius
           saith
           in
           his
           life
           ,
           was
           a
           greater
           Scholar
           than
           his
           Master
           Porphyry
           ,
           and
           who
           was
           no
           less
           a
           Hater
           of
           Christians
           ;
           yet
           living
           under
           Christian
           Emperors
           ,
           a
           she
           did
           all
           the
           time
           of
           his
           age
           for
           writing
           Books
           ,
           he
           durst
           not
           write
           Professedly
           against
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           .
           But
           taking
           this
           to
           be
           a
           safe
           way
           ,
           he
           went
           on
           with
           his
           Masters
           design
           of
           setting
           up
           Pythagoras
           to
           be
           a
           Rival
           to
           our
           Saviour
           .
           In
           order
           to
           this
           ,
           he
           took
           up
           all
           the
           stuff
           that
           Porphyry
           in
           his
           life
           of
           Pythagoras
           had
           gather'd
           ready
           to
           his
           hand
           .
           He
           worked
           it
           over
           again
           his
           own
           way
           ,
           oftentimes
           making
           use
           of
           
           Porphyry's
           words
           .
           Then
           ,
           for
           farther
           Embellishment
           ,
           he
           added
           out
           of
           his
           own
           Invention
           ,
           whatever
           he
           thought
           would
           either
           adorn
           his
           Subject
           ,
           or
           promote
           the
           design
           of
           
           his
           Writing
           .
           His
           design
           was
           plainly
           to
           subvert
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           .
           But
           so
           ,
           as
           not
           to
           run
           himself
           in
           any
           danger
           on
           that
           account
           :
           and
           therefore
           ,
           without
           ever
           mentioning
           Christ
           or
           Christians
           ;
           which
           he
           could
           not
           do
           in
           this
           Book
           without
           seeming
           to
           make
           some
           kind
           of
           reflection
           upon
           them
           ;
           he
           only
           endeavours
           to
           make
           Pythagoras
           ,
           and
           those
           of
           his
           Sect
           ,
           out-shine
           them
           in
           the
           Lustre
           that
           he
           gives
           them
           with
           his
           Eloquence
           ,
           such
           as
           it
           is
           .
           Which
           ,
           together
           with
           other
           Services
           that
           he
           did
           to
           the
           cause
           of
           Heathenism
           against
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           did
           so
           far
           endear
           him
           to
           Julian
           ,
           that
           wretched
           Apostate
           ;
           that
           ,
           after
           he
           came
           to
           shew
           himself
           ,
           which
           was
           not
           till
           he
           took
           the
           Empire
           upon
           him
           ,
           
           he
           writ
           more
           Epistles
           to
           Jamblichus
           than
           to
           any
           other
           while
           He
           was
           living
           :
           and
           after
           his
           Death
           never
           mentioned
           him
           but
           with
           the
           highest
           Encomiums
           ,
           
           calling
           him
           sometimes
           the
           Hero
           ,
           sometimes
           the
           
             Divine
             Jamblichus
          
           ,
           and
           one
           whom
           he
           
             admired
             next
             the
             Gods.
          
           
           
        
         
           Julian
           ,
           having
           been
           sometime
           a
           Reader
           in
           the
           Church
           ,
           might
           very
           well
           understand
           him
           as
           I
           do
           in
           the
           following
           instances
           of
           his
           Book
           ;
           which
           I
           take
           to
           have
           been
           written
           in
           a
           kind
           of
           Abusive
           imitation
           of
           the
           Gospel
           .
           
           Namely
           ,
           where
           he
           tells
           us
           ,
           how
           the
           Mother
           of
           Pythagoras
           ,
           being
           with
           Child
           of
           him
           ,
           which
           was
           more
           than
           her
           Husband
           yet
           knew
           ,
           was
           brought
           by
           him
           to
           the
           Oracle
           of
           
             Apollo
             Pythius
          
           at
           
           Delphi
           :
           and
           there
           the
           Prophetess
           told
           him
           both
           the
           first
           News
           of
           his
           Wife's
           Conception
           ,
           and
           also
           that
           the
           Child
           she
           then
           went
           with
           should
           prove
           the
           
             greatest
             good
             to
             Mankind
          
           .
           Thereupon
           he
           saith
           ,
           her
           Husband
           changed
           his
           Wife's
           name
           from
           Parthenis
           to
           Pythais
           :
           and
           afterwards
           ,
           when
           the
           Child
           was
           born
           ,
           call'd
           him
           Pythagoras
           ;
           as
           being
           foretold
           by
           
             Apollo
             Pythius
          
           ,
           for
           so
           he
           saith
           that
           name
           signifies
           .
           
           Jamblichus
           will
           not
           take
           upon
           him
           to
           say
           (
           as
           he
           tells
           us
           some
           Others
           did
           )
           that
           the
           Child
           was
           of
           
           Apollo's
           own
           getting
           :
           but
           he
           saith
           ,
           
           none
           can
           doubt
           it
           was
           one
           of
           
           Apollo's
           Companions
           in
           Heaven
           ,
           that
           came
           down
           to
           be
           the
           Soul
           of
           that
           Child
           .
           He
           should
           have
           said
           rather
           ,
           one
           of
           
           Pluto's
           Companions
           in
           Hell
           ;
           for
           the
           Soul
           of
           Pythagoras
           came
           then
           out
           of
           Hades
           ,
           
           if
           Pythagoras
           himself
           may
           be
           believ'd
           .
           But
           Jamblichus
           was
           aware
           that
           Pythagoras
           overshot
           himself
           sometimes
           ,
           and
           did
           it
           particularly
           in
           his
           account
           of
           the
           Stages
           that
           his
           Soul
           pass'd
           thro'
           in
           it's
           Travels
           .
           Therefore
           Jamblichus
           takes
           notice
           of
           no
           other
           but
           Euphorbus
           ,
           in
           whom
           that
           Soul
           formerly
           dwelt
           .
           He
           smuggles
           all
           the
           other
           Names
           we
           have
           mention'd
           ,
           
           not
           only
           from
           his
           Master
           Porphyry
           ,
           but
           even
           from
           Pythagoras
           himself
           .
        
         
           But
           however
           ,
           he
           saith
           ,
           it
           hath
           been
           affirm'd
           by
           many
           ,
           and
           that
           
             with
             great
             probability
          
           ,
           that
           Pythagoras
           was
           
             the
             Son
             of
             
             God.
          
           Nay
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           one
           of
           the
           Heavenly
           Gods
           that
           then
           appear'd
           upon
           Earth
           for
           the
           Good
           of
           Mankind
           ;
           
           a
           
             greater
             Good
          
           than
           ever
           did
           come
           before
           ,
           or
           should
           ever
           come
           after
           .
           His
           Disciples
           indeed
           could
           not
           agree
           among
           themselves
           what
           God
           he
           should
           be
           .
           Some
           would
           have
           it
           that
           he
           was
           
             Apollo
             Pythius
          
           ;
           
           others
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           
             Apollo
             Hyperboreus
          
           ;
           others
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           Aesculapius
           ;
           others
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           one
           of
           the
           Daemons
           that
           dwelt
           in
           the
           Moon
           .
           They
           that
           said
           he
           was
           Apollo
           ,
           seem'd
           to
           be
           the
           greatest
           number
           ;
           and
           they
           had
           the
           greatest
           Authority
           on
           their
           side
           ,
           
           even
           his
           Own
           ;
           for
           so
           Pyth.
           himself
           told
           Abaris
           (
           to
           entitle
           himself
           to
           the
           Money
           ,
           
           as
           we
           have
           shewn
           )
           that
           he
           was
           the
           very
           God
           himself
           :
           and
           proved
           it
           by
           shewing
           him
           his
           Golden
           Thigh
           ,
           such
           ,
           as
           it
           seems
           Abaris
           had
           told
           him
           that
           the
           Image
           of
           his
           God
           had
           in
           Scythia
           .
           But
           then
           ,
           lest
           Abaris
           should
           ask
           him
           what
           he
           made
           Here
           ?
           Pythagoras
           added
           ,
           
           that
           he
           put
           on
           human
           Shape
           ,
           that
           Men
           might
           not
           be
           afraid
           to
           Converse
           with
           him
           ;
           as
           they
           would
           ,
           if
           they
           knew
           the
           Excellence
           of
           his
           Person
           ,
           and
           so
           they
           would
           deprive
           themselves
           of
           the
           benefit
           of
           his
           Doctrine
           .
        
         
           Such
           stuff
           as
           this
           runs
           through
           his
           Book
           ;
           which
           ,
           being
           written
           for
           the
           deifying
           of
           an
           Impostor
           ,
           plainly
           shew'd
           that
           the
           design
           of
           it
           was
           to
           Banter
           the
           Gospel
           of
           Christ.
           He
           
           begins
           like
           one
           of
           the
           Heathen
           Poets
           ,
           with
           invoking
           the
           Gods
           ,
           and
           Pythagoras
           ,
           to
           assist
           him
           in
           the
           Work.
           How
           he
           ended
           it
           ,
           we
           cannot
           tell
           ;
           for
           his
           Book
           is
           imperfect
           .
           But
           probably
           he
           continu'd
           it
           with
           an
           account
           of
           this
           Impostor's
           Disciples
           ,
           in
           imitation
           of
           the
           
             Acts
             of
             the
             Apostles
          
           .
           In
           short
           ,
           as
           well
           for
           History
           ,
           as
           for
           Doctrinal
           matters
           ,
           from
           one
           end
           to
           the
           other
           ,
           it
           hath
           so
           much
           of
           the
           Devil
           in
           it
           ,
           that
           it
           seems
           to
           have
           been
           wholly
           written
           by
           his
           Inspiration
           .
        
         
           But
           all
           this
           I
           do
           acknowledge
           to
           have
           been
           a
           Digression
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           what
           I
           have
           written
           ,
           that
           doth
           not
           concern
           the
           Writers
           of
           
           Pythagoras's
           Life
           .
           For
           it
           was
           my
           proper
           business
           to
           shew
           of
           what
           credit
           They
           are
           ▪
           as
           to
           matter
           of
           History
           .
           Now
           the
           two
           chief
           of
           these
           ,
           being
           Porphyry
           and
           Jamblichus
           ,
           who
           were
           great
           Philosophers
           themselves
           ,
           and
           such
           great
           Admirers
           of
           Pythagoras
           ,
           as
           they
           shew
           in
           the
           writing
           of
           his
           Life
           ;
           one
           ought
           to
           expect
           they
           would
           have
           taken
           care
           to
           gather
           all
           that
           was
           True
           of
           him
           out
           of
           all
           the
           former
           Historians
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           mingled
           nothing
           with
           it
           that
           was
           Inconsistent
           with
           the
           truth
           of
           History
           .
           How
           well
           they
           have
           perform'd
           this
           in
           other
           respects
           ,
           I
           shall
           not
           take
           upon
           me
           to
           examin
           .
           But
           I
           shall
           take
           account
           of
           it
           only
           as
           to
           matter
           of
           Chronology
           .
           And
           that
           I
           think
           sufficiently
           sheweth
           how
           much
           at
           random
           it
           is
           that
           Jamblichus
           
           pretends
           to
           give
           the
           Years
           of
           
           Pythagoras's
           Life
           ,
           and
           his
           chief
           Actions
           and
           Events
           :
           and
           also
           how
           grosly
           both
           He
           ,
           and
           Porphyry
           before
           him
           ,
           have
           abused
           their
           Readers
           in
           the
           accounts
           that
           they
           give
           us
           of
           his
           
             principal
             Disciples
          
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           the
           years
           of
           
           Pythagoras's
           Life
           ,
           Jamblichus
           tells
           us
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           much
           about
           his
           XVIII
           year
           that
           he
           set
           out
           to
           Travel
           :
           and
           that
           after
           some
           time
           ,
           
           (
           which
           I
           take
           to
           be
           IV
           years
           )
           spent
           in
           other
           Countries
           ,
           he
           came
           into
           Aegypt
           ,
           
           and
           there
           he
           stay'd
           XXII
           years
           .
           He
           goes
           on
           ,
           and
           says
           that
           the
           Philosopher
           being
           taken
           there
           by
           
           Cambyses's
           Soldiers
           ,
           
           
           was
           carry'd
           to
           Babylon
           ,
           and
           there
           he
           stay'd
           XII
           years
           ;
           and
           then
           return'd
           home
           to
           Samos
           ,
           being
           now
           about
           LVI
           years
           old
           .
           There
           he
           stay'd
           for
           some
           time
           ,
           (
           it
           should
           seem
           for
           another
           IV
           years
           )
           and
           then
           in
           Olympiad
           LXII
           he
           went
           into
           Italy
           .
           
           There
           ,
           he
           says
           ,
           he
           govern'd
           his
           School
           XL
           years
           wanting
           I
           ,
           
           and
           lived
           in
           all
           very
           near
           C
           years
           .
        
         
           So
           Distinct
           an
           account
           as
           this
           is
           of
           the
           years
           of
           
           Pythagoras's
           Life
           ,
           whereof
           there
           is
           not
           the
           least
           Item
           in
           any
           of
           the
           ancienter
           Writers
           ,
           did
           ,
           I
           confess
           ,
           not
           a
           little
           rejoyce
           me
           ,
           when
           I
           first
           met
           with
           it
           :
           and
           so
           much
           the
           more
           ,
           because
           of
           two
           Certain
           Notations
           of
           time
           ,
           by
           which
           ,
           if
           they
           were
           true
           ,
           all
           those
           years
           might
           be
           reduced
           to
           the
           like
           certainty
           .
           
           There
           is
           nothing
           better
           known
           in
           ancient
           History
           ,
           than
           the
           year
           of
           
           Cambyses's
           conquering
           Aegypt
           .
           We
           are
           certain
           it
           was
           in
           the
           end
           of
           the
           third
           year
           ,
           or
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           fourth
           of
           Olymp.
           LXIV
           .
           So
           that
           according
           to
           Jamblichus
           ,
           this
           was
           the
           very
           year
           of
           
           Pythagoras's
           being
           carry'd
           to
           Babylon
           .
           And
           the
           time
           of
           his
           going
           into
           Italy
           is
           as
           certain
           ,
           according
           to
           Jamblichus
           ,
           who
           saith
           it
           was
           Olymp.
           LXII
           wherein
           Eryxias
           was
           Victor
           .
           There
           is
           plainly
           VI
           years
           distance
           of
           time
           between
           these
           years
           that
           are
           here
           mention'd
           .
           And
           the
           same
           ,
           one
           would
           think
           ,
           there
           should
           be
           between
           his
           being
           carry'd
           to
           Babylon
           and
           his
           going
           into
           Italy
           .
           But
           that
           cannot
           be
           
           Jamblichus's
           meaning
           .
           For
           he
           saith
           ,
           it
           was
           XII
           years
           that
           Pythagoras
           stay'd
           at
           Babylon
           ;
           and
           then
           ,
           to
           make
           up
           his
           life
           very
           near
           C
           years
           ,
           as
           Jamblichus
           reckons
           it
           ,
           there
           must
           be
           three
           or
           four
           years
           more
           that
           he
           stay'd
           in
           Crete
           ,
           and
           at
           Samos
           ,
           before
           he
           went
           into
           Italy
           .
           Add
           these
           to
           the
           XII
           years
           before
           mention'd
           ,
           and
           they
           make
           some
           XV
           or
           XVI
           years
           .
           And
           yet
           here
           Jamblichus
           makes
           his
           going
           into
           Italy
           to
           be
           in
           Olymp.
           LXII
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           to
           be
           VI
           or
           VII
           years
           before
           the
           certain
           time
           of
           his
           being
           carry'd
           to
           Babylon
           ,
           which
           must
           be
           in
           the
           third
           or
           fourth
           year
           of
           Olymp.
           LXIII
           ,
           if
           he
           was
           carry'd
           thither
           by
           the
           Forces
           of
           Cambyses
           ,
           as
           Jamblichus
           tells
           us
           .
           So
           in
           short
           ,
           he
           brings
           
           Pythagoras
           Captive
           to
           Babylon
           some
           XV
           or
           XVI
           years
           before
           his
           going
           to
           Italy
           ;
           and
           yet
           he
           makes
           his
           going
           into
           
             Italy
             VI
          
           or
           VII
           years
           before
           his
           being
           carry'd
           to
           Babylon
           .
           Here
           are
           two
           of
           the
           chief
           accounts
           of
           time
           in
           his
           History
           which
           so
           manifestly
           contradict
           one
           another
           ,
           that
           to
           believe
           him
           in
           both
           is
           impossible
           .
        
         
           Th●s
           is
           a
           great
           disappointment
           ,
           but
           it
           will
           make
           us
           some
           part
           of
           amends
           ,
           if
           there
           be
           any
           truth
           in
           either
           of
           them
           .
           To
           begin
           with
           that
           which
           he
           saith
           of
           
           Pythagoras's
           being
           taken
           in
           Aegypt
           by
           the
           Soldiers
           of
           King
           Cambyses
           ;
           that
           must
           be
           in
           the
           third
           or
           fo●rth
           year
           of
           Olymp.
           LXIII
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           shewn
           .
           But
           as
           herein
           he
           contradicts
           himself
           in
           his
           other
           Notation
           of
           time
           ,
           so
           in
           this
           he
           doth
           not
           agree
           with
           the
           ancienter
           Writers
           ;
           who
           generally
           speak
           of
           
           Pythagoras's
           coming
           from
           Babylon
           to
           Samos
           ,
           and
           〈◊〉
           going
           from
           thence
           in●o
           Italy
           ,
           before
           the
           Reign
           of
           Cambyses
           .
           Now
           that
           he
           that
           lived
           near
           DCCC
           years
           after
           those
           times
           ,
           should
           presume
           to
           publish
           this
           to
           the
           World
           ,
           without
           naming
           any
           Author
           for
           it
           ,
           but
           as
           if
           he
           said
           it
           of
           his
           own
           knowledge
           ;
           this
           I
           cannot
           look
           upon
           as
           any
           other
           than
           a
           very
           imp●dent
           Fiction
           .
           As
           for
           that
           which
           he
           said
           of
           
           Pythagoras's
           going
           into
           Italy
           in
           Olymp.
           LXII
           ,
           it
           is
           very
           likely
           he
           had
           Authors
           that
           said
           something
           like
           it
           .
           There
           are
           enough
           that
           say
           he
           was
           there
           in
           Olymp.
           
           LXII
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           very
           likely
           Jamblichus
           might
           mistake
           them
           ,
           and
           that
           might
           occasion
           him
           to
           say
           that
           Pythagoras
           went
           thither
           at
           that
           time
           .
           This
           is
           the
           best
           I
           can
           say
           of
           it
           .
           And
           so
           in
           short
           ,
           I
           have
           lost
           all
           the
           joy
           that
           I
           had
           of
           both
           his
           Discoveries
           .
           For
           having
           examin'd
           them
           ,
           I
           see
           the
           last
           is
           a
           mere
           Blunder
           ,
           the
           former
           a
           bold
           Fiction
           ,
           and
           they
           both
           contradict
           one
           another
           .
           What
           credit
           can
           one
           give
           to
           such
           an
           Historian
           ?
        
         
           For
           his
           account
           of
           the
           Disciples
           of
           Pythagoras
           ,
           he
           takes
           what
           he
           will
           out
           of
           the
           rude
           heap
           that
           his
           Master
           Porphyry
           had
           thrown
           together
           ,
           and
           much
           more
           he
           adds
           very
           lavishly
           out
           of
           his
           own
           head
           .
        
         
           Zamolxis
           the
           Lawgiver
           of
           the
           Getes
           ,
           they
           will
           have
           to
           be
           one
           of
           
           Pythagoras's
           Disciples
           .
           Porphyry
           makes
           him
           one
           of
           the
           First
           .
           For
           he
           saith
           ,
           that
           Zamolxis
           being
           yet
           a
           Boy
           ,
           was
           brought
           out
           of
           Thrace
           by
           the
           Father
           of
           our
           Philosopher
           ,
           
           who
           gave
           him
           to
           his
           Son
           ,
           and
           he
           taught
           him
           all
           matters
           of
           Religion
           .
           Jamblichus
           owns
           he
           was
           Slave
           to
           Pythagoras
           ;
           who
           ,
           as
           he
           says
           ,
           taught
           ,
           him
           and
           then
           gave
           him
           his
           liberty
           .
           And
           yet
           he
           had
           reckon●d
           him
           before
           ,
           
           among
           the
           young
           men
           ,
           that
           came
           to
           be
           Disciples
           to
           Pythagoras
           in
           his
           old
           Age.
           All
           this
           is
           true
           alike
           .
           For
           Herodotus
           ,
           
           that
           liv'd
           among
           them
           who
           remember'd
           Pythagoras
           ,
           saith
           ,
           
           Zamolxis
           was
           much
           Ancienter
           than
           he
           .
           And
           therefore
           Jamblichus
           was
           once
           in
           the
           right
           ,
           though
           perhaps
           it
           was
           through
           forgetfulness
           ,
           when
           he
           left
           him
           out
           of
           the
           Catalogue
           of
           
           Pythagoras's
           Disciples
           .
        
         
           Zaleucus
           and
           Charondas
           he
           hath
           in
           the
           Catalogue
           ;
           for
           which
           ,
           he
           hath
           not
           only
           Porphyry
           on
           his
           side
           ,
           who
           tells
           us
           from
           Nicomachus
           ,
           that
           by
           these
           he
           gave
           Laws
           to
           their
           people
           ;
           but
           also
           in
           
             Diogenes
             Laertius
          
           there
           is
           a
           mention
           of
           them
           to
           this
           purpose
           .
           
           But
           Jamblichus
           of
           his
           own
           head
           reckons
           both
           these
           among
           them
           that
           came
           Young
           to
           be
           
           Pythagoras's
           Disciples
           when
           he
           was
           Old
           :
           which
           is
           no
           truer
           of
           them
           than
           of
           Zamolxis
           ;
           for
           these
           also
           were
           much
           ancienter
           than
           
             Pythagoras
             .
             Zaleucus
          
           lived
           Olymp.
           XXIX
           ,
           according
           to
           
           Eusebius's
           Chronicon
           .
           Of
           Charondas
           you
           have
           shewn
           that
           he
           was
           the
           Scholar
           of
           Zaleucus
           ,
           
           or
           as
           others
           say
           ,
           older
           than
           he
           .
           So
           that
           ,
           if
           these
           three
           were
           
           Pythagoras's
           Disciples
           ,
           it
           must
           have
           been
           some
           time
           after
           the
           Wars
           of
           Troy
           ,
           before
           his
           Soul
           came
           into
           that
           Samian
           Body
           of
           his
           ;
           which
           ,
           if
           it
           could
           be
           made
           out
           ,
           would
           be
           a
           wonderfull
           proof
           of
           his
           Doctrine
           of
           Transmigration
           .
        
         
           They
           reckon
           three
           other
           Disciples
           of
           Pythagoras
           ,
           on
           whom
           he
           set
           no
           ordinary
           value
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           true
           that
           they
           tell
           us
           of
           the
           Names
           
           that
           he
           gave
           them
           .
           These
           three
           were
           Epimenides
           ,
           by
           him
           Surnamed
           Purger
           ;
           
           Empedocles
           ,
           call●d
           Wind-charmer
           ;
           and
           Abaris
           ,
           called
           Sky-rider
           .
           
           And
           very
           fine
           Stories
           they
           tell
           of
           the
           reasons
           of
           his
           giving
           them
           these
           Names
           :
           all
           tending
           to
           this
           ,
           
           that
           he
           imparted
           to
           them
           some
           of
           those
           Romantick
           Powers
           which
           these
           Historians
           were
           pleas'd
           to
           ascribe
           to
           Pythagoras
           .
           
           I
           indeed
           call'd
           them
           Lyes
           ,
           but
           I
           shall
           ask
           their
           pardon
           ,
           
           if
           I
           do
           not
           prove
           that
           they
           belye
           Pythagoras
           in
           what
           they
           say
           of
           these
           his
           Disciples
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           for
           Epimenides
           ,
           whom
           both
           Porphyry
           and
           Jamblichus
           do
           reckon
           among
           his
           Disciples
           ;
           
           there
           is
           much
           more
           probability
           in
           what
           Laertius
           says
           ,
           that
           makes
           him
           one
           of
           the
           Masters
           of
           Pythagoras
           .
           
           But
           certainly
           Jamblichus
           over-shot
           himself
           ,
           in
           saying
           that
           he
           also
           came
           a
           young
           man
           when
           Pythagoras
           was
           old
           .
           And
           both
           he
           and
           his
           Master
           are
           extravagant
           in
           making
           Pythagoras
           Teach
           him
           to
           conjure
           .
           For
           Epimenides
           ,
           as
           all
           Writers
           agree
           ,
           had
           
             purged
             Athens
          
           ,
           whence
           he
           had
           the
           name
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           before
           he
           could
           see
           Pythagoras
           ,
           who
           ,
           as
           they
           say
           ,
           gave
           him
           that
           Name
           .
           And
           he
           was
           a
           very
           Old
           man
           when
           he
           died
           .
           And
           that
           was
           either
           before
           Pythagoras
           was
           born
           ,
           or
           not
           many
           years
           after
           .
           See
           my
           account
           of
           him
           in
           the
           year
           594
           before
           Christ.
           
        
         
         
           To
           fetch
           Empedocles
           into
           his
           School
           ,
           they
           seem
           to
           stretch
           hard
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           .
           For
           ,
           though
           all
           agree
           that
           he
           was
           of
           the
           Pythagorean
           Sect
           ,
           yet
           that
           ever
           he
           was
           taught
           by
           Pythagoras
           ,
           seems
           very
           improbable
           .
           That
           Alcidamas
           said
           this
           ,
           
           is
           true
           :
           but
           he
           makes
           Empedocles
           a
           hearer
           of
           Anaxagoras
           ,
           either
           first
           ,
           or
           together
           with
           Pythagoras
           .
           This
           could
           not
           be
           ;
           because
           Pythagoras
           was
           Dead
           ,
           either
           before
           ,
           or
           a
           very
           little
           after
           the
           Birth
           of
           Anaxagoras
           .
           See
           my
           account
           of
           him
           in
           the
           year
           500
           before
           Christ.
           But
           that
           Empedocles
           came
           too
           late
           into
           the
           World
           to
           be
           at
           all
           a
           Disciple
           of
           Pythagoras
           ,
           it
           sufficiently
           appears
           by
           the
           accounts
           we
           have
           of
           him
           in
           
             D.
             Laertius
          
           .
           Who
           saith
           ,
           that
           he
           flourish'd
           in
           Olymp.
           LXXXIV
           ,
           
           and
           that
           Aristotle
           saith
           he
           died
           at
           LX
           years
           old
           ;
           tho'
           others
           of
           less
           credit
           say
           he
           lived
           LXXVII
           ,
           or
           CIX
           years
           .
           But
           if
           he
           was
           in
           the
           flower
           of
           his
           Age
           in
           the
           
           LXXXIVth
           Olympiad
           ,
           that
           is
           above
           LX
           years
           after
           Olymp.
           LXVIII
           ,
           3.
           in
           which
           I
           place
           the
           death
           of
           Pythagoras
           ;
           or
           placing
           it
           in
           Olymp.
           LXX
           ,
           4.
           which
           is
           but
           IX
           years
           after
           ,
           and
           that
           is
           the
           lowest
           I
           can
           go
           :
           
           I
           must
           needs
           say
           ,
           Empedocles
           was
           a
           very
           young
           Conjurer
           ,
           or
           he
           flourish'd
           in
           a
           very
           old
           Age
           :
           or
           ,
           which
           I
           rather
           believe
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           credit
           to
           be
           given
           to
           these
           two
           Historians
           .
        
         
         
           This
           will
           farther
           appear
           by
           the
           account
           they
           give
           of
           Abaris
           ,
           whom
           also
           they
           make
           a
           great
           Conjurer
           ,
           
           and
           train'd
           up
           to
           it
           by
           Pythagoras
           .
           So
           much
           Porphyry
           had
           said
           .
           But
           Jamblichus
           much
           out-does
           his
           Master
           .
           For
           having
           told
           us
           that
           Abaris
           came
           for
           improvement
           in
           knowledge
           into
           Greece
           ;
           he
           saith
           ,
           that
           in
           his
           way
           home
           from
           thence
           ,
           being
           now
           
             well
             stricken
             in
             years
          
           ,
           he
           came
           to
           see
           Pythagoras
           in
           Italy
           .
           
           There
           he
           gave
           Pythagoras
           the
           Arrow
           upon
           which
           he
           used
           to
           ride
           aloft
           in
           the
           Air
           :
           though
           elsewhere
           he
           saith
           Pythagoras
           took
           away
           his
           Arrow
           ,
           and
           kept
           it
           till
           he
           made
           him
           confess
           all
           he
           cared
           to
           know
           of
           him
           .
           When
           there
           in
           Italy
           they
           had
           spent
           as
           much
           time
           together
           as
           Jamblichus
           pleas'd
           ,
           
           then
           he
           brings
           them
           to
           Agrigentum
           in
           Sicily
           ;
           and
           there
           he
           sets
           them
           to
           try
           if
           they
           can
           work
           any
           good
           upon
           Phalaris
           .
           In
           his
           32d
           Chapter
           Jamblichus
           sheweth
           his
           Talent
           in
           the
           making
           of
           Speeches
           for
           them
           ,
           and
           of
           Answers
           for
           Phalaris
           ;
           till
           they
           came
           to
           be
           upon
           ill
           terms
           .
           Then
           he
           makes
           Phalaris
           resolve
           to
           kill
           them
           both
           ;
           and
           he
           makes
           them
           for
           prevention
           set
           the
           People
           against
           him
           ;
           by
           whom
           ,
           he
           saith
           ,
           Phalaris
           was
           kill'd
           the
           same
           day
           that
           he
           had
           determin'd
           to
           kill
           both
           Pythagoras
           and
           Abaris
           .
        
         
           Now
           this
           is
           so
           fine
           a
           Romance
           ,
           that
           it
           
           is
           pity
           there
           should
           be
           no
           truth
           in
           it
           ;
           but
           only
           that
           there
           was
           such
           a
           City
           ,
           and
           that
           there
           were
           such
           Persons
           .
           It
           is
           civil
           to
           grant
           that
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Pythagoras
           there
           was
           such
           a
           one
           as
           Abaris
           living
           ,
           though
           Authors
           differ
           much
           about
           the
           time
           of
           his
           coming
           into
           Greece
           .
           For
           as
           Harpocration
           tells
           us
           ,
           Hippostratus
           placed
           it
           in
           Olymp.
           III
           ,
           others
           in
           Olymp.
           
             XXI
             .
             Pindar
          
           in
           the
           time
           of
           King
           Croesus
           ;
           and
           
             Euseb.
             Chronicon
          
           hath
           it
           twice
           ,
           namely
           there
           ,
           and
           in
           Olymp.
           LXXXII
           .
           But
           granting
           that
           Abaris
           was
           in
           Greece
           in
           
           Croesus's
           time
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           only
           time
           that
           consists
           with
           
           Jamblichus's
           story
           :
           Then
           ,
           according
           to
           
             Euseb.
             Chronicon
          
           ,
           his
           coming
           was
           in
           Olymp.
           LIV
           ,
           2.
           that
           was
           while
           Pythagoras
           was
           abroad
           in
           his
           Travels
           ,
           according
           to
           
           Jamblichus's
           Account
           ,
           which
           makes
           his
           coming
           into
           Italy
           to
           be
           in
           Olymp.
           LXII
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           full
           XXX
           years
           after
           .
           By
           this
           time
           Abaris
           ,
           though
           he
           came
           out
           of
           Greece
           with
           him
           ,
           must
           needs
           be
           
             very
             well
             stricken
             in
             years
          
           :
           much
           more
           ,
           if
           he
           came
           after
           Pythagoras
           was
           setled
           in
           Italy
           .
           But
           what
           becomes
           of
           Phalaris
           the
           mean
           while
           ?
           See
           in
           my
           account
           ,
           572
           before
           Christ.
           There
           it
           appears
           ,
           the
           latest
           we
           can
           bring
           Phalaris
           to
           die
           ,
           is
           in
           Olymp.
           LVII
           ,
           4.
           that
           is
           XVI
           years
           before
           Jamblichus
           makes
           Pythagoras
           come
           into
           Italy
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           Phalaris
           could
           neither
           kill
           ,
           nor
           
           be
           kill●d
           ,
           but
           in
           a
           Romance
           ;
           and
           I
           take
           all
           this
           Story
           of
           Jamblichus
           to
           be
           no
           other
           .
        
         
           For
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           218
           Names
           of
           Disciples
           in
           his
           Catalogue
           ,
           
           I
           can
           bring
           none
           of
           them
           within
           the
           time
           of
           
           Pythagoras's
           Life
           ,
           but
           Milo
           ,
           and
           Parmenides
           ,
           whom
           I
           mention
           in
           my
           account
           in
           the
           years
           539
           ,
           and
           504
           before
           Christ.
           There
           are
           scarce
           two
           more
           of
           them
           that
           ever
           saw
           Pythagoras
           ,
           for
           ought
           that
           appears
           in
           any
           good
           Author
           :
           though
           here
           are
           the
           names
           of
           several
           more
           that
           were
           Philosophers
           of
           the
           Pythagorean
           Sect.
           Yet
           even
           these
           ,
           together
           with
           them
           before
           mention'd
           ,
           will
           not
           make
           up
           the
           odd
           number
           of
           eighteen
           .
           For
           the
           other
           two
           hundred
           ,
           I
           take
           them
           to
           be
           insignificant
           Names
           ,
           invented
           by
           Jamblichus
           only
           out
           of
           vain
           Ostentation
           .
        
         
           To
           conclude
           ,
           I
           do
           not
           lay
           any
           weight
           at
           all
           upon
           the
           Testimony
           of
           Jamblichus
           ,
           nor
           much
           on
           that
           of
           his
           Master
           Porphyry
           ,
           where
           he
           doth
           not
           mention
           his
           Author
           .
           But
           I
           quote
           them
           sometimes
           in
           the
           following
           account
           ,
           as
           in
           a
           History
           of
           the
           British
           Kings
           I
           would
           Geoffry
           of
           Monmouth
           .
           But
           then
           naming
           my
           Author
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           a
           better
           ,
           where
           I
           think
           what
           he
           says
           may
           be
           true
           ,
           I
           should
           leave
           all
           I
           said
           from
           him
           to
           the
           reader
           ,
           with
           a
           perfect
           indifference
           whether
           he
           believ'd
           him
           or
           not
           .
           With
           the
           like
           
           indifference
           ,
           as
           to
           every
           thing
           but
           what
           I
           have
           Scripture
           for
           ,
           I
           commit
           these
           Papers
           into
           your
           hands
           ;
           desiring
           you
           to
           take
           them
           only
           as
           my
           Opinion
           ,
           which
           is
           all
           that
           you
           ask
           of
           ,
        
         
           
             SIR
             ,
          
           
             
               Your
               Affectionate
               Friend
               ,
               and
               Servant
               ,
            
             W.
             Cov.
             and
             Lich.
             
          
           
             
               Mar.
               30.
               1699.
               
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           A
           Chronological
           Account
           Of
           the
           LIFE
           of
           PYTHAGORAS
           ,
           AND
           Of
           other
           Famous
           Men
           his
           Contemporaries
           .
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
          
           OF
           Pythagoras
           the
           Samian
           Philosopher
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
          
           there
           is
           nothing
           said
           by
           any
           of
           the
           Ancients
           ,
           that
           I
           know
           ,
           which
           can
           make
           us
           think
           he
           was
           born
           before
           Olymp
           XLIII
           ,
           save
           only
           that
           of
           Plin.
           Nat.
           Hist.
           II.
           8.
           who
           says
           ,
           that
           in
           Olymp.
           XLII
           ,
           and
           
             V.
             C.
          
           142
           ,
           he
           first
           found
           that
           Venus
           was
           sometimes
           the
           Morning
           Star
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           the
           Evening
           Star.
           But
           it
           is
           not
           improbable
           that
           in
           this
           Pliny
           might
           mistake
           Pythagoras
           for
           his
           Master
           Thales
           ,
           of
           whom
           see
           the
           year
           585
           before
           Christ.
           
        
         
           N.
           PYTHAGORAS
           born
           this
           year
           ,
           if
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             605
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             43
             ,
             3
             ,
             4.
             
          
           he
           was
           the
           same
           that
           is
           here
           mention'd
           in
           the
           year
           588
           before
           Christ.
           This
           year
           also
           suits
           best
           with
           
           Antilochus's
           
           Account
           ,
           which
           follows
           in
           583
           before
           Christ.
           
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             604
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             44
          
           Θ.
           Nabopolassar
           King
           of
           Babylon
           .
           Next
           his
           Son
           Nabocolassar
           or
           Nebuchadnezzar
           ,
           who
           had
           reigned
           about
           two
           years
           with
           his
           Father
           .
           This
           year
           Jan.
           21
           ,
           was
           his
           first
           Thoth
           ,
           according
           to
           Ptol.
           Canon
           .
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             45
          
           N.
           PHERECYDES
           ,
           born
           this
           year
           .
           Suidas
           .
           He
           was
           born
           in
           the
           Isle
           of
           Syrus
           one
           of
           the
           
             Cyclades
             .
             Strabo
          
           x.
           Pythagoras
           was
           at
           first
           his
           Disciple
           .
           
             Cicero
             Tusc.
             Qu.
          
           I.
           
             Diod.
             Sic.
             Excerpt
          
           .
           and
           many
           others
           .
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             594
             ,
             3.
             
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             46
             ,
             3.
             
          
           SOLON
           was
           this
           year
           Archon
           at
           
             Athens
             .
             Diog.
             Laert.
          
           from
           Sosicrates
           .
           So
           Euseb.
           Chronicon
           in
           1
           MS.
           
             Clem.
             Alexandr
          
           .
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           saith
           ,
           he
           was
           Archon
           in
           Olymp.
           XLVI
           .
        
         
           He
           made
           his
           Laws
           in
           the
           time
           of
           
             Tarquinius
             Priscus
             .
             A.
             Gellius
          
           XVII
           ,
           21.
           
           He
           made
           them
           the
           year
           that
           he
           was
           Archon
           ,
           and
           that
           with
           the
           help
           of
           EPIMENIDES
           ,
           who
           came
           thither
           from
           Crete
           ,
           and
           having
           expiated
           the
           City
           in
           Olymp.
           XLIV
           ,
           as
           Suidas
           saith
           ,
           or
           in
           Olymp.
           XLV
           ,
           as
           Eus.
           Chron.
           Pontaci
           ,
           or
           Olymp.
           XLVI
           ,
           as
           Laertius
           ,
           returned
           home
           ,
           and
           died
           soon
           after
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
             l.
          
           110
           ,
           being
           154
           years
           old
           ,
           as
           Xenophanes
           said
           he
           had
           heard
           .
           Ib.
           III.
           of
           Xenophanes
           see
           in
           the
           year
           540
           before
           Christ.
           
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             592
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             47
          
           ANACHARSIS
           Scytha
           now
           came
           to
           
             Athens
             ,
             Eucrates
          
           being
           Archon
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           1.
           101.
           
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             588
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             48
          
           
             Pythagoras
             Samius
          
           offer'd
           himself
           to
           play
           at
           Fisticuffs
           among
           the
           Boys
           at
           the
           Olympic
           Games
           ;
           but
           having
           long
           Hair
           ,
           and
           
           wearing
           Purple
           ,
           he
           was
           rejected
           with
           Reproach
           .
           Therefore
           he
           went
           from
           them
           among
           the
           Men
           ;
           and
           there
           offering
           himself
           at
           the
           same
           Exercise
           ,
           he
           was
           Victor
           .
           This
           was
           our
           Philosopher
           ,
           according
           to
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           VIII
           ,
           48.
           who
           hath
           all
           this
           from
           
             Eratosthenes
             ,
             Favorinus
          
           ,
           and
           
             Theaetetus
             .
             Iamblichus
          
           hath
           the
           same
           ;
           and
           many
           others
           .
           Eratosthenes
           says
           farther
           ,
           that
           our
           Philosopher
           was
           the
           first
           that
           boxed
           according
           to
           Art.
           Yet
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           cites
           a
           Poet
           ,
           that
           saith
           this
           was
           Pythagoras
           ,
           Son
           of
           
             Crateus
             .
             Hesychius
          
           saith
           ,
           they
           are
           mistaken
           that
           think
           it
           was
           the
           Philosopher
           .
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             1
          
           N.
           PYTHAGORAS
           ,
           Son
           of
           Mnesarchus
           ,
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             586
             ,
             5.
             
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             48
             ,
             3.
             
          
           (
           descended
           from
           Hippasus
           ,
           who
           was
           formerly
           of
           Phlius
           )
           by
           Pythaïs
           ,
           who
           was
           descended
           from
           Ancaeus
           one
           of
           the
           Planters
           of
           Samos
           .
           There
           most
           Writers
           say
           he
           was
           born
           :
           though
           Porphyry
           would
           have
           him
           born
           at
           Tyre
           ,
           and
           Jamblichus
           at
           Sidon
           ,
           perhaps
           as
           being
           the
           ancienter
           City
           .
           It
           seems
           there
           were
           other
           Pretenders
           to
           the
           honour
           of
           being
           his
           Countrymen
           :
           for
           
             Joseph
             .
             in
             Ap.
          
           11.
           saith
           ,
           it
           is
           as
           hard
           to
           tell
           his
           Country
           as
           
           Homer's
           But
           yet
           it
           is
           harder
           to
           tell
           the
           year
           of
           his
           Birth
           .
           I
           am
           doubtfull
           whether
           it
           ought
           not
           to
           be
           the
           year
           605
           before
           Christ.
           But
           I
           rather
           place
           it
           here
           ,
           for
           Reasons
           that
           will
           appear
           afterwards
           in
           the
           years
           506
           and
           497
           before
           Christ.
           
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             2
          
           Θ.
           PERIANDER
           died
           40
           years
           before
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             585
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             48
             ,
             4.
             
          
           Croesus
           ,
           and
           1
           year
           before
           Olymp.
           XLIX
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           1
           ,
           95.
           from
           Sosicrates
           .
        
         
         
           He
           had
           reigned
           at
           Corinth
           44
           years
           .
           
             Arist.
             Pol.
          
           v
           ,
           12.
           
           Of
           the
           VII
           Wise
           men
           of
           Greece
           ,
           he
           was
           the
           first
           that
           died
           .
           The
           other
           VI
           were
           
             Thales
             ,
             Solon
             ,
             Cleobulus
             ,
             Chilo
             ,
             Bias
             ,
          
           and
           Pittacus
           ,
           thus
           reckon'd
           by
           
             Diog.
             Laert.
             Prooem
          
           .
           13
           ,
           and
           1.40
           ,
           1
           ,
           2.
           
        
         
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             48
             ,
             4.
             
          
           THALES
           this
           year
           foretold
           an
           Eclipse
           of
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             2
          
           the
           Sun.
           He
           was
           the
           first
           among
           the
           Greeks
           that
           could
           do
           this
           .
           
             Cicero
             de
             Divin
          
           .
           I.
           
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             583
             ,
             2.
             
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             49
             ,
             2.
             
          
           Pythagorae
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           according
           to
           Antilochus
           ,
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             4
          
           who
           in
           his
           History
           of
           Learned
           Men
           reckon'd
           312
           years
           from
           hence
           to
           
           Epicurus's
           death
           ,
           which
           was
           (
           270
           years
           before
           Christ
           )
           Olymp.
           CXXVII
           ,
           2.
           
           Gamelion
           10.
           
           
             Cic.
             de
             fato
             .
             D.
             Laert.
          
           X
           ,
           15.
           and
           
             Clem.
             Alex.
          
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             580
             ,
             79.
             
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             50
          
           N.
           ARISTEAS
           Proconnesius
           was
           born
           this
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             7
          
           Olymp.
           Suidas
           .
        
         
           It
           was
           after
           Olymp.
           L.
           that
           Pythagoras
           came
           into
           Italy
           ,
           saith
           
             D.
             Halicarn
             .
             lib.
          
           11.
           p.
           120.
           
           But
           
             H.
             Valesius
          
           ,
           and
           Menagius
           think
           this
           is
           a
           mistake
           of
           Olymp.
           N̄
           .
           instead
           of
           Olymp.
           Ξ
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             578
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             50
             ,
             3.
             
          
           Θ.
           
             Tarquinius
             Priscus
          
           died
           .
           Next
           King
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             9
          
           
             Servius
             Tullius
             .
             Dion
             .
             Hal.
          
           III.
           
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             572
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             52
          
           Began
           the
           Tyranny
           of
           PHALARIS
           ,
           according
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             15
          
           to
           Suidas
           ,
           and
           Eus.
           Chron.
           Pontaci
           ,
           which
           saith
           it
           continued
           16
           years
           .
           Eus.
           Chron.
           in
           a
           former
           account
           hath
           his
           Tyranny
           ,
           according
           to
           
           Scaliger's
           Edition
           ,
           beginning
           Olymp.
           XXXI
           ,
           2
           ,
           and
           ending
           Olymp
           .
           XXXVIII
           ,
           2.
           
           Here
           also
           according
           to
           Scaliger
           it
           should
           be
           LIII
           ,
           4.
           
        
         
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             15
          
           ANACREON
           Teius
           lived
           in
           this
           Olymp.
           
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             52
          
           It
           was
           in
           
           Polycrates's
           time
           .
           Suidas
           .
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             15
          
           AESOP
           the
           Fable-maker
           now
           flourish'd
           .
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             52
          
           
             D.
             Laert
          
           1
           ,
           72.
           
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             17
          
           Θ.
           PITTACUS
           died
           at
           
             Mitylene
             .
             D.
             Laert
          
           .
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             570
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             52
             ,
             3.
             
          
           1
           ,
           79.
           
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             17
          
           Pythagoras
           ,
           being
           18
           years
           old
           ,
           went
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             568
             ,
             7.
             
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             53
             ,
             1.
             
          
           to
           travel
           as
           on
           the
           account
           of
           his
           Studies
           .
           
             Jamblichus
             c.
          
           2.
           for
           which
           ,
           by
           Thales
           ,
           he
           was
           advised
           to
           go
           to
           
             Aegypt
             .
             Ib.
             D.
             Laert
          
           .
           VIII
           ,
           2.
           saith
           ,
           he
           was
           then
           a
           young
           Man
           ,
           and
           addicted
           to
           Learning
           .
           But
           his
           going
           for
           Aegypt
           ,
           was
           to
           avoid
           the
           growing
           Tyranny
           of
           
             Polycrates
             .
             Strabo
          
           XIV
           .
           and
           
             Jamblichus
             c.
          
           2.
           
           Yet
           Polycrates
           writ
           a
           Letter
           in
           his
           Commendation
           to
           King
           Amasis
           ,
           being
           his
           Friend
           and
           Hospes
           ,
           desiring
           him
           to
           get
           him
           instructed
           by
           the
           Aegyptian
           Priests
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           and
           Porph.
           from
           
             Antipho
             .
             Iamblichus
             c.
          
           2.
           saith
           ,
           he
           went
           first
           to
           Pherecydes
           ,
           then
           to
           Anaximander
           ,
           then
           to
           
             Thales
             .
             Id.
             c.
          
           3.
           then
           to
           Sidon
           ,
           to
           Byblus
           ,
           to
           Tyre
           ,
           and
           many
           other
           Cities
           of
           Syria
           :
           in
           all
           which
           places
           he
           was
           initiated
           .
           Then
           he
           took
           Ship
           for
           Aegypt
           :
           but
           by
           the
           way
           he
           landed
           ,
           and
           went
           up
           Mount
           
             Carmel
             .
             Iamblichus
             ,
             c.
          
           3.
           
        
         
           He
           came
           into
           
             Aegypt
             .
             Isocr
             .
             de
             laud.
             Busiridis
             .
             Cic.
             de
             finibus
          
           v.
           Strab.
           XIV
           .
           Plin.
           XXV
           ,
           2.
           
           
             Lucian
             ,
             Tatian
             ,
             Clem.
             Alex
             .
          
           He
           gave
           
           Polycrates's
           Letter
           to
           Amasis
           ,
           and
           obtained
           
           Amasis's
           Letter
           to
           the
           Aegyptian
           Priests
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           and
           Porph.
           from
           Antipho
           .
           With
           this
           Letter
           he
           came
           first
           to
           them
           of
           Heliopolis
           :
           they
           sent
           him
           
           to
           them
           of
           Memphis
           ,
           their
           Seniors
           :
           they
           to
           the
           Diospolites
           ;
           who
           at
           first
           were
           very
           shy
           ;
           but
           ,
           fearing
           to
           displease
           Amasis
           ,
           they
           undertook
           him
           ,
           thinking
           at
           first
           to
           balk
           him
           with
           their
           Austerities
           .
           But
           he
           underwent
           all
           ,
           saith
           Porphyry
           from
           Antipho
           .
           He
           was
           circumcised
           ,
           and
           initiated
           in
           their
           Sacred
           Rites
           .
           
             Clement
             .
             Alex.
          
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           He
           learnt
           the
           Aegyptian
           Language
           ,
           he
           learnt
           their
           three
           sorts
           of
           Letters
           .
           They
           admitted
           him
           to
           their
           Sacrifices
           ,
           and
           Exercises
           of
           Learning
           ;
           which
           none
           ever
           obtain'd
           before
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           from
           Antipho
           .
           He
           learnt
           of
           their
           Priests
           the
           manner
           of
           their
           Sacrifices
           ,
           and
           their
           religious
           Rites
           .
           
             Isocr
             .
             de
             l.
             Busir
          
           .
           He
           read
           the
           Books
           of
           their
           ancient
           Priests
           ,
           
             Clem.
             Alex.
          
           He
           learnt
           their
           Geometry
           ,
           and
           Astronomy
           .
           
             Jambl.
             c.
          
           4.
           
           He
           got
           the
           Observations
           of
           infinite
           Ages
           .
           
             Valer.
             Maximus
          
           ,
           VIII
           ,
           7.
           
           He
           was
           in
           Aegypt
           a
           long
           time
           ,
           as
           all
           confess
           .
           
             Plut.
             Q.
             Symposiac
          
           .
           VIII
           ,
           8.22
           years
           saith
           
             Jambl.
             c.
          
           4.
           
           This
           I
           believe
           was
           all
           the
           time
           of
           his
           Eastern
           Travels
           .
           He
           also
           went
           to
           the
           King
           of
           Arabia
           ,
           and
           learnt
           all
           he
           could
           there
           .
           Porph.
           
        
         
           Strabo
           XIV
           .
           p.
           439
           ,
           18
           ,
           &c.
           saith
           ,
           from
           A●gypt
           he
           went
           to
           Babylon
           .
           There
           he
           was
           with
           the
           Chaldees
           and
           
             Magi.
             D.
             Laert.
          
           There
           at
           Babylon
           he
           learnt
           of
           several
           of
           the
           Chaldees
           ;
           particularly
           of
           Zabratus
           ,
           by
           whom
           he
           was
           purged
           from
           all
           the
           Desilements
           of
           his
           former
           Life
           .
           Porph.
           He
           was
           Disciple
           of
           Nazaratus
           the
           
             Assyrian
             .
             Clem.
             Alex.
          
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           He
           went
           to
           the
           
             Persian
             Magi.
             Cic.
             de
             finibus
          
           V.
           Plin.
           XXV
           ,
           2.
           
           
           Of
           them
           he
           learnt
           matters
           of
           their
           Religion
           ,
           and
           way
           of
           Living
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           from
           Lycus
           .
           There
           he
           came
           to
           learn
           and
           understand
           the
           Jewish
           knowledge
           ,
           particularly
           their
           Oniromancy
           .
           Porphyry
           from
           Diogen
           .
        
         
           In
           his
           return
           from
           Babylon
           ,
           he
           came
           to
           Crete
           to
           get
           
           Minos's
           Laws
           .
           Justin
           ,
           V
           ,
           4.
           
           After
           his
           being
           with
           the
           Chaldees
           and
           Magi
           ,
           he
           was
           there
           in
           Crete
           with
           
             Epimenides
             .
             D.
             Laert.
          
           VIII
           ,
           3.
           
           He
           was
           purged
           by
           the
           Priests
           of
           Morgus
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           
             Idaean
             Dactyli
             .
             Porph.
          
           He
           went
           into
           the
           Idaean
           Cave
           .
           Ib.
           The
           Priests
           there
           have
           the
           Verses
           that
           he
           made
           on
           the
           Sepulchre
           of
           
             Jupiter
             .
             Ib.
          
           
        
         
           After
           his
           return
           from
           Babylon
           ,
           he
           came
           home
           to
           
             Samos
             .
             Strabo
          
           XIV
           .
           So
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           and
           Porph.
           from
           Antipho
           .
           There
           he
           open'd
           a
           School
           in
           a
           place
           call'd
           in
           
           Antipho's
           time
           ,
           
             Pythagorae
             Hemicyclus
             .
             D.
             Laert
          
           .
           and
           Porph.
           from
           Antipho
           .
           There
           he
           also
           had
           a
           Cave
           without
           the
           Town
           ,
           into
           which
           he
           retir'd
           for
           his
           Studies
           .
           Id.
           and
           Id.
           This
           is
           the
           summ
           of
           what
           we
           read
           of
           the
           Life
           of
           Pythagoras
           for
           the
           space
           of
           22
           years
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           as
           I
           account
           it
           ,
           from
           the
           year
           before
           Christ
           568
           ,
           till
           the
           year
           546
           before
           Christ.
           
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             24
          
           ABARIS
           Priest
           of
           
             Apollo
             Hyperboreus
          
           ,
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             563
             ,
             2.
             
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             54
             ,
             2.
             
          
           came
           into
           
             Greece
             .
             Eus.
          
           Chron.
           Scaligeri
           ,
           and
           two
           MSS.
           Other
           MSS
           bring
           him
           10
           years
           sooner
           .
           Harpocration
           from
           Pindar
           faith
           ,
           he
           came
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Croesus
           .
        
         
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             562
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             54
             ,
             2
             ,
             3.
             
          
           The
           first
           COMEDY
           at
           Athens
           was
           made
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             24
          
           by
           Susarion
           ,
           and
           acted
           upon
           a
           movable
           Scaffold
           .
           Chron.
           Marmor
           .
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             561
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             54
             ,
             3
             ,
             4.
             
          
           Θ.
           Nabocolassar
           or
           Nebucadnezzar
           King
           of
           Babylon
           .
           Next
           his
           Son
           Iluarodam
           or
           
             Evil
             Merodach
          
           .
           This
           year
           Jan.
           1●
           .
           was
           his
           first
           Thoth
           according
           to
           
           Ptolemee's
           Canon
           .
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             561
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             54
             ,
             3
             ,
             4.
             
          
           CROESUS
           began
           his
           Reign
           of
           14
           years
           .
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             25
          
           Herod
           .
           1.86
           .
        
         
           PISISTRATUS
           was
           now
           Tyrantat
           Athens
           .
           Chron.
           Marm.
           
        
         
           Θ.
           AESOP
           died
           .
           Eus.
           Chron.
           
        
         
           CLEOBULUS
           was
           yet
           living
           at
           Lindus
           ,
           if
           his
           Epistle
           to
           Solon
           be
           true
           ,
           which
           we
           have
           in
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           1.93
           .
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             560
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             55
          
           Θ.
           Astyages
           King
           of
           Media
           .
           Next
           his
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             26
          
           Son
           
             Cyaxares
             .
             Xen.
          
           1.
           
           Scripture
           calls
           him
           Darius
           the
           
             Mede
             .
             Africanus
          
           saith
           all
           agree
           that
           Cyrus
           Son
           of
           Cambyses
           ,
           by
           Mandane
           ,
           Daughter
           of
           Astyages
           ,
           began
           his
           Reign
           over
           the
           Persians
           in
           Olymp.
           LV.
           
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             559
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             55
             ,
             1
             ,
             2.
             
          
           Θ.
           Iluarodam
           kill'd
           by
           his
           Sister's
           Husband
           
             Neriglissoroor
             .
             Beros
          
           .
           Next
           King
           of
           Babylon
           ;
           this
           Neriglissoroor
           or
           Nergal-sharezer
           .
           His
           first
           Thoth
           was
           Jan.
           10.
           this
           year
           in
           Ptol.
           Canon
           .
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             559
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             55
             ,
             1
             ,
             2.
             
          
           Θ.
           SOLON
           died
           in
           Cyprus
           this
           Spring
           .
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             27
          
           See
           it
           proved
           in
           VSS.
           Annals
           .
           He
           died
           2
           
             Pisistrati
             Plut.
          
           in
           Solon
           .
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             557
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             55
             ,
             4.
             
          
           N.
           SIMONIDES
           born
           this
           year
           ;
           for
           he
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             30
          
           was
           80
           years
           old
           in
           Olymp.
           LXXVI
           ,
           when
           Adimantus
           was
           Archon
           ,
           as
           himself
           saith
           ▪
           and
           so
           Chron.
           Marm.
           
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             556
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             56
          
           Θ.
           PHALARIS
           died
           this
           year
           ,
           if
           he
           began
           ,
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             31
          
           as
           is
           above-said
           ,
           in
           Olymp.
           LII
           ;
           or
           
           if
           in
           Olymp.
           LIII
           ,
           4
           ,
           then
           he
           died
           seven
           year
           later
           .
           The
           people
           of
           Agrigentum
           rose
           against
           him
           ,
           and
           kill'd
           him
           .
           
             Cic.
             Offic
          
           .
           11.
           
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             31
          
           Θ.
           STESICHORUS
           died
           this
           year
           .
           Suidas
           .
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             556
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             56
          
           The
           lowest
           account
           of
           his
           death
           in
           Eus.
           Chron.
           is
           Olymp.
           LVI
           ,
           2.
           the
           highest
           is
           Olymp.
           LIV
           ,
           4.
           
        
         
           This
           year
           Euthydemus
           was
           Archon
           at
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             556
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             56
          
           Athens
           .
           Chron.
           Marm.
           And
           the
           year
           that
           he
           was
           Archon
           ,
           CHILO
           was
           Ephorus
           at
           
             Lacedaemon
             .
             D.
             Laert.
          
           1.68
           from
           Sosicrates
           .
        
         
           Θ.
           Laborosoarchod
           Son
           of
           Neriglissoroor
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             555
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             56
             ,
             2.
             
          
           having
           reigned
           9
           Months
           after
           his
           Father
           .
           Next
           King
           of
           
             Babylon
             ,
             Nabonadius
          
           or
           Labynitus
           ,
           called
           Belshazzar
           in
           Scripture
           .
           His
           first
           Thoth
           was
           Jan.
           9
           ,
           according
           to
           Ptol.
           Canon
           .
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             36
          
           N.
           CONFUTIUS
           born
           this
           year
           ,
           the
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             551
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             57
             ,
             2.
             
          
           great
           Philosopher
           of
           the
           
             Chineses
             .
             Martin
          
           .
           Hist.
           Sin.
           
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             39
          
           Croesus
           past
           over
           the
           River
           Halys
           on
           a
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             548
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             58
          
           Bridge
           built
           by
           the
           art
           of
           
             Thales
             .
             Herod
          
           .
           1.75
           .
           and
           so
           lost
           himself
           and
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           after
           14
           years
           Reign
           .
           Herod
           .
           1
           ,
           86.
           that
           was
           this
           year
           according
           to
           my
           account
           from
           Herodotus
           .
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             39
          
           Θ.
           THALES
           died
           this
           year
           ,
           saith
           
             D.
             Laert
          
           .
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             58
          
           1.38
           .
           and
           Eus.
           Chron.
           
             Scal.
             &
             Pont.
          
           from
           4
           MSS.
           He
           was
           born
           in
           Olymp.
           XXXV
           ,
           and
           died
           90
           years
           old
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           1
           ,
           38.91
           years
           old
           ,
           saith
           Chron.
           Paschale
           .
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             39
          
           ANAXIMANDER
           succeeded
           him
           in
           the
           Ionic
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             58
          
           School
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           Prooem
           .
        
         
         
           Now
           flourish'd
           LASUS
           of
           Hermione
           ,
           that
           first
           wrote
           of
           Musick
           .
           Schol.
           Arist.
           in
           Vespas
           .
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             547
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             58
             ,
             2.
             
          
           NOW
           ANAXIMANDER
           was
           famous
           ,
           being
           64
           years
           old
           ;
           and
           he
           died
           a
           little
           after
           ,
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             40
          
           saith
           
             Diog.
             Laert.
          
           II
           ,
           2.
           from
           Apollodorus
           .
           He
           flourish'd
           chiefly
           under
           Polycrates
           Tyrant
           of
           
             Samos
             .
             Ib.
          
           XENOPHANES
           lived
           in
           his
           time
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           IX
           ,
           18.
           
           But
           his
           Successor
           in
           the
           School
           was
           ANAXIMENES
           .
        
         
           XANTHUS
           the
           Lydian
           Historian
           liv'd
           
           at
           the
           time
           when
           Sardes
           was
           taken
           .
           Suidas
           .
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             546
             ,
             5.
             
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             58
             ,
             3.
             
          
           Pythagoras
           ,
           being
           40
           years
           old
           ,
           and
           seeing
           it
           was
           not
           for
           a
           Freeman
           to
           live
           in
           his
           Country
           under
           the
           Tyranny
           of
           Polycrates
           ,
           which
           was
           now
           stricter
           than
           formerly
           ;
           thereupon
           thought
           of
           going
           into
           
             Italy
             .
             D.
             Laert.
          
           and
           Porph.
           from
           Aristoxenus
           ;
           and
           Strabo
           XIV
           .
           without
           the
           year
           .
        
         
           In
           his
           way
           thither
           he
           went
           to
           Delos
           ,
           where
           he
           writ
           those
           Verses
           on
           
           Apollo's
           Sepulchre
           .
           Porph.
           from
           Diog.
           He
           went
           to
           Lacedaemon
           for
           the
           Laws
           of
           
             Lycurgus
             .
             Iust.
          
           V
           ,
           4.
           
           He
           came
           to
           Phlius
           the
           ancient
           Country
           of
           his
           Family
           .
           There
           being
           asked
           by
           Leo
           ,
           Tyrant
           of
           that
           City
           ,
           what
           Profession
           he
           was
           of
           ,
           he
           said
           ,
           of
           none
           ;
           but
           that
           he
           was
           a
           Philosopher
           .
           See
           the
           rest
           in
           
             Cic.
             Tusc.
             Qu.
          
           V.
           or
           in
           
             D.
             Laert
          
           .
           Prooem
           .
           12.
           who
           saith
           this
           was
           at
           Sicyon
           ,
           and
           who
           makes
           Leo
           Tyrant
           of
           Sicyon
           and
           Phlius
           .
           Both
           Cic.
           and
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           Prooem
           .
           have
           it
           from
           Heraclides
           .
           But
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           VIII
           ,
           8.
           hath
           much
           the
           same
           story
           
           from
           
             Sosicrates
             ,
             Pythagoras
          
           went
           also
           to
           Delphi
           to
           give
           the
           more
           authority
           to
           his
           Laws
           ,
           by
           pretending
           that
           he
           receiv'd
           them
           from
           Theoclea
           ,
           or
           Themistoclea
           ,
           the
           Priestess
           of
           Apollo
           in
           that
           place
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           VIII
           .
           7
           ,
           21.
           from
           
             Aristoxenus
             .
             Porphyry
          
           calls
           her
           Aristoclea
           .
        
         
           Being
           come
           into
           Italy
           ,
           he
           lived
           there
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           life
           .
           Strabo
           XIV
           .
           He
           taught
           there
           40
           years
           wanting
           one
           ,
           saith
           
             Jamb
             .
             c.
          
           36
           ,
           who
           makes
           his
           whole
           Life
           very
           near
           100
           years
           .
           Ib.
           He
           stay'd
           20
           years
           at
           Croton
           ,
           then
           went
           to
           Metapontum
           ,
           where
           he
           died
           .
           Justin
           ,
           XX
           ,
           5.
           
           At
           Croton
           he
           began
           the
           Italic
           School
           ,
           which
           grew
           old
           at
           Metapontum
           ,
           saith
           
             Clem.
             Alex
          
           .
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           Croton
           was
           then
           in
           great
           Glory
           for
           having
           so
           many
           of
           
           Pythagoras's
           Scholars
           in
           it
           ,
           among
           whom
           was
           Milo
           the
           most
           famous
           
             Athleta
             :
             Strabo
          
           IV.
           
        
         
           
             Dion
             .
             Halicarn
          
           .
           saith
           Pythagoras
           was
           in
           his
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           four
           Generations
           after
           Numa
           .
           It
           is
           to
           be
           considered
           ,
           whether
           he
           reckons
           from
           the
           beginning
           of
           his
           Reign
           ,
           which
           was
           in
           Olymp.
           XVI
           ,
           3.
           or
           whether
           from
           the
           end
           ,
           which
           was
           Olymp.
           XXVII
           ,
           I.
           Plut
           in
           the
           Life
           of
           Numa
           saith
           ,
           Pythagoras
           came
           into
           Italy
           almost
           five
           Ages
           after
           
             Numa
             .
             Livy
          
           1.18
           .
           saith
           ,
           he
           came
           into
           Italy
           above
           100
           years
           after
           Numa
           ;
           accounting
           no
           doubt
           from
           his
           death
           in
           672
           before
           Christ.
           Livy
           saith
           farther
           ,
           it
           is
           certain
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           time
           of
           
             Servius
             Tullius
             ,
             Pythagoras
          
           had
           his
           Colleges
           of
           Disciples
           at
           
             Metapontum
             ,
             Heraclea
          
           ,
           and
           Croton
           ,
           as
           above-mention'd
           .
        
         
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             545
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             58
             ,
             4.
             
          
           Now
           the
           Medes
           were
           coming
           up
           against
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             42
          
           the
           Ionians
           ,
           of
           which
           Anaximenes
           writes
           to
           Pythagoras
           ,
           who
           was
           then
           at
           Croton
           ,
           and
           had
           his
           house
           full
           of
           Scholars
           out
           of
           Italy
           and
           Sicily
           ,
           if
           the
           Epistle
           be
           genuine
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           II
           ,
           5.
           
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             544
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             59
          
           PHERECYDES
           was
           yet
           living
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             43
          
           I
           ,
           121.
           
           Now
           he
           flourish'd
           according
           to
           Eus.
           Chron.
           He
           lived
           in
           the
           time
           of
           my
           Gentilis
           ,
           (
           that
           is
           ,
           of
           
             Servius
             Tullius
          
           ,
           )
           saith
           
             Cicero
             ,
             Tusc.
             Qu.
          
           I.
           
        
         
           THEOGNIS
           the
           Poet
           of
           Megara
           flourish'd
           now
           .
           Eus.
           Chron.
           Pontaci
           .
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             541
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             59
             ,
             4.
             
          
           BIAS
           was
           yet
           living
           ,
           if
           that
           be
           true
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             46
          
           which
           is
           said
           of
           him
           in
           Herod
           .
           1.
           that
           he
           advised
           the
           Iones
           to
           leave
           their
           Country
           to
           the
           Medes
           ,
           and
           go
           all
           to
           Sardinia
           .
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             540
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             60
          
           Pythagoras
           now
           flourish'd
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             47
          
           VIII
           .
           45.
           
        
         
           Now
           also
           XENOPHANES
           Colophonius
           flourish'd
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           IX
           .
           20.
           of
           whom
           see
           before
           in
           547
           ,
           before
           Christ.
           He
           was
           now
           at
           least
           80
           years
           old
           ,
           according
           to
           
             Sextus
             Empiricus
          
           ,
           and
           
             Clem.
             Alex.
          
           from
           Apollodor
           .
           that
           place
           him
           in
           Olymp.
           XL.
           But
           he
           was
           a
           Writer
           till
           after
           he
           was
           98
           years
           old
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           IX
           .
           19.
           
        
         
           Now
           IBYCUS
           ,
           the
           Poet
           of
           Rhegium
           ,
           came
           to
           
             Samos
             .
             Eus.
          
           Chron.
           
             Scalig.
             &
             Pontac
          
           .
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             538
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             60
             ,
             2
             ,
             3.
             
          
           After
           
           Belshazzar's
           being
           slain
           in
           the
           taking
           of
           Babylon
           by
           the
           Armies
           of
           Darius
           and
           Cyrus
           ,
           the
           next
           King
           of
           Babylon
           was
           Darius
           or
           Cyaxares
           according
           to
           Xenophon
           .
           His
           Reign
           being
           short
           ,
           he
           is
           omitted
           in
           the
           Canon
           ,
           and
           there
           the
           
           next
           is
           Cyrus
           ,
           whose
           Thoth
           was
           Jan.
           5.
           
        
         
           Θ.
           Cambyses
           Father
           of
           Cyrus
           in
           Persia
           ,
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             536
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             61
          
           and
           Θ
           Cyaxares
           in
           
             Media
             .
             Xenophon
          
           .
           VIII
           .
           according
           to
           whom
           this
           is
           the
           first
           of
           the
           seven
           years
           reign
           of
           Cyrus
           at
           Babylon
           .
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             51
          
           Pythagoras
           was
           now
           famous
           in
           Italy
           ,
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             536
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             61
          
           Thericles
           being
           Archon
           at
           
             Athens
             .
             Diod.
             Sic.
             Excerpta
             .
             p.
          
           241.
           
        
         
           The
           first
           TRAGEDY
           at
           Athens
           ,
           was
           made
           by
           Thespis
           ,
           and
           acted
           on
           a
           Wagon
           ,
           in
           Olymp.
           LXI
           .
           Suid.
           See
           Chron
           Marm.
           
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             53
          
           Θ.
           
             Servius
             Tullius
          
           died
           this
           year
           .
           Liv.
           
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             534
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             61
             ,
             3.
             
          
           1.48
           .
           After
           whom
           the
           next
           Roman
           King
           was
           
             Tarquinius
             Superbus
          
           .
           In
           this
           
           Tarquin's
           time
           Pythagoras
           came
           into
           Italy
           according
           to
           
             Cic.
             Tusc.
             Qu.
          
           I.
           and
           
             A.
             Gellius
          
           ,
           XVII
           ,
           21.
           
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             55
          
           Eus.
           Chron.
           hath
           this
           year
           Polycrates
           ,
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             532
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             62
          
           and
           his
           two
           Brothers
           Syloson
           and
           Pantagnotus
           Tyrants
           together
           at
           Samos
           .
           But
           Polycrates
           drove
           out
           his
           two
           Brothers
           soon
           after
           .
           Now
           in
           
           Polycrates's
           time
           Pythagoras
           flourish'd
           .
           
             Tatian
             .
             p.
          
           174.
           
           
             B.
             Clem.
             Alex
             .
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Cyril
             .
             contra
             Julian
             .
          
           II.
           In
           this
           Olympiad
           ,
           in
           which
           Eryxias
           was
           Victor
           ;
           Pythagoras
           came
           into
           Italy
           ,
           saith
           
             Jambl.
             c.
          
           7.
           
           He
           was
           now
           famous
           ,
           saith
           Eus.
           Chron.
           
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             58
          
           Cyrus
           being
           now
           dead
           ,
           his
           Son
           Cambyses
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             529
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             62
             ,
             3
             ,
             4.
             
          
           is
           King
           of
           Persia.
           His
           first
           Thoth
           was
           Jan.
           3.
           according
           to
           Ptol.
           Canon
           .
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             59
          
           Θ.
           PISISTRATUS
           Tyrant
           of
           Athens
           died
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             528
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             63
          
           after
           a
           Reign
           of
           33
           years
           ,
           tho'
           twice
           interrupted
           in
           that
           time
           .
           
             Arist.
             Polit.
          
           V.
           12.
           
           Next
           was
           his
           Son
           HIPPARCHUS
           ,
           a
           great
           lover
           of
           Learning
           .
           He
           first
           brought
           
           Homer's
           Poems
           to
           
             Athens
             .
             Plato
          
           in
           Hipparcho
           .
        
         
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             527
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             63
             ,
             1
             ,
             2.
             
          
           According
           to
           Justin
           ,
           XX
           ,
           5.
           Pythagoras
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             60
          
           after
           he
           had
           been
           20
           years
           in
           Italy
           ,
           removed
           from
           Croton
           to
           Metapontum
           ,
           and
           died
           there
           .
           It
           was
           at
           Metapontum
           ,
           that
           as
           the
           Fablers
           say
           ,
           having
           taken
           his
           Disciple
           
           Abaris's
           Arrow
           ,
           he
           rode
           upon
           it
           in
           the
           Air
           from
           thence
           to
           Taurominium
           in
           one
           day
           ,
           though
           some
           days
           sailing
           distant
           from
           one
           another
           .
           Ponph
           .
           and
           Jambl.
           They
           tell
           us
           ,
           that
           there
           at
           Metapontum
           ,
           he
           had
           a
           noble
           house
           ,
           which
           was
           afterwards
           the
           Temple
           of
           Ceres
           ,
           and
           a
           School
           .
           which
           was
           call'd
           the
           
             Museum
             .
             Iambl
             .
             c.
          
           30.
           
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             525
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             63
             ,
             3
             ,
             4.
             
          
           Θ.
           Amasis
           King
           of
           Aegypt
           .
           He
           died
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             62
          
           Olymp.
           I.
           XIII
           ,
           3.
           when
           Cambyses
           was
           coming
           against
           
             Aegypt
             .
             Diod.
             Sic.
          
           1.
           
           The
           next
           King
           Psammenitus
           after
           6
           Months
           was
           kill'd
           ,
           and
           Aegypt
           conquer'd
           by
           
             Cambyses
             .
             Herod
          
           .
           III.
           
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             525
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             63
             ,
             4.
             
          
           N.
           the
           Poet
           AESCHYLUS
           was
           born
           .
           Chr.
           
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             62
          
           Marm.
           
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             523
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             64
             ,
             2.
             
          
           Θ.
           POLYCRATES
           Tyrant
           of
           Samos
           died
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             64
          
           a
           few
           days
           before
           Cambyses
           King
           of
           
             Persia
             .
             Herod
          
           .
           III.
           120.
           about
           
             V.
             C.
          
           238.
           
           Plin.
           XXXIII
           ,
           1.
           
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             522
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             64
             ,
             2
             ,
             3.
             
          
           Θ.
           Cambyses
           King
           of
           Persia.
           Next
           King
           
             Smerdis
             Magus
          
           was
           kill'd
           after
           seven
           Months
           .
           Next
           was
           Darius
           Son
           of
           Hystaspes
           .
           His
           first
           Thoth
           was
           521.
           
           Jan.
           1.
           according
           to
           
           Ptolemey's
           Canon
           .
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             520
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             65
          
           N.
           The
           Poet
           PINDAR
           was
           born
           Suidas
           .
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             67
          
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             515
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             66
             ,
             2.
             
          
           Θ.
           PHERECYDES
           died
           now
           ,
           for
           he
           was
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             72
          
           born
           Olymp.
           XLV
           .
           Suid.
           and
           lived
           85
           years
           .
           Lucian
           in
           Macrob.
           He
           was
           eat
           up
           with
           Lice
           .
           Arist.
           Hist.
           Animal
           .
           V.
           30
           ▪
           and
           that
           for
           his
           Blasphemy
           .
           Aelian
           .
           IV
           ,
           28.
           
           
           Serpents
           came
           out
           of
           his
           Body
           .
           Plin.
           VII
           ,
           5.
           
        
         
           Pythagoras
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           his
           Disciple
           ,
           now
           hearing
           that
           he
           was
           dying
           in
           Delos
           ,
           went
           out
           of
           Italy
           thither
           ,
           and
           did
           all
           he
           could
           to
           recover
           him
           :
           and
           when
           he
           was
           dead
           ,
           bury'd
           him
           as
           his
           Father
           ,
           and
           then
           return'd
           into
           
             Italy
             .
             Diod.
             Sic.
             Excerpt
          
           .
           That
           he
           dy'd
           in
           Delos
           ,
           see
           
             Apul.
             Florid.
          
           II.
           Aelian
           IV.
           Hist.
           28.
           
           Porph.
           and
           
             Jambl.
             Duris
             Samius
          
           saith
           he
           died
           in
           Samos
           ,
           follow'd
           by
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           I
           ,
           119.
           where
           also
           he
           quotes
           Heraclides
           for
           it
           .
           Porphyry
           saith
           ,
           that
           Pythagoras
           went
           to
           Delos
           from
           Samos
           ,
           and
           return'd
           to
           Samos
           .
           But
           he
           saith
           afterwards
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           in
           
           Pythagoras's
           Absence
           on
           this
           occasion
           at
           Delos
           ,
           that
           Cylon
           rais'd
           the
           Mob
           ,
           
             v.
             infra
          
           497
           ,
           6.
           before
           Christ.
           (
           These
           things
           do
           not
           agree
           .
           )
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             74
          
           Θ.
           HIPPARCHUS
           kill'd
           by
           Harmodius
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             513
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             66
             ,
             4.
             
          
           and
           
             Aristogiton
             .
             Thucyd.
          
           I
           ,
           and
           VI.
           Then
           was
           Pythagoras
           in
           
             Italy
             .
             A.
             Gell.
          
           XVII
           ,
           21.
           
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             78
          
           By
           
           Pythagoras's
           advice
           the
           people
           of
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             509
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             67
             ,
             4.
             
          
           Croton
           would
           not
           deliver
           up
           some
           of
           Sybaris
           that
           had
           fled
           to
           their
           Altars
           for
           Protection
           against
           their
           own
           people
           .
           Whereupon
           a
           War
           follow'd
           ,
           in
           which
           300000
           of
           the
           Sybarites
           were
           overcome
           by
           Milo
           with
           100000
           of
           Croton
           ,
           who
           after
           this
           Victory
           destroy'd
           the
           City
           of
           
             Sybaris
             .
             Diod
             .
             Sic.
          
           Olymp.
           LXXXIII
           ,
           3.
           where
           he
           saith
           ,
           this
           happen'd
           58
           years
           before
           ,
           and
           5
           years
           ,
           that
           is
           in
           all
           63
           years
           before
           .
           Therefore
           I
           place
           it
           in
           Olymp.
           LXVII
           ,
           4.
           
           This
           Milo
           was
           Disciple
           of
           Pythagoras
           ,
           and
           had
           been
           6
           times
           Victor
           in
           the
           Olympic
           Games
           .
           Ib.
           and
           often
           at
           the
           other
           publick
           Games
           .
        
         
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             508
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             68
          
           When
           Brutus
           deliver'd
           
             Rome
             ,
             Pythagoras
          
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             79
          
           was
           yet
           in
           Italy
           ,
           saith
           
             Cic.
             Tusc.
             Qu.
          
           IV.
           
             Solinus
             c.
          
           16.
           by
           mistake
           saith
           ,
           then
           he
           came
           into
           Italy
           .
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             506
             ,
             5.
             
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             68
             ,
             3.
             
          
           Θ.
           PYTHAGORAS
           died
           .
           Eus.
           Chron.
           in
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             81
          
           2
           MSS.
           having
           lived
           80
           years
           ,
           according
           to
           his
           own
           account
           of
           the
           four
           parts
           of
           mans
           life
           ,
           consisting
           each
           of
           20
           years
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           1
           ,
           44.
           from
           Heraclides
           .
           This
           account
           of
           his
           Age
           Menage
           takes
           to
           be
           the
           most
           likely
           ,
           because
           Lucian
           doth
           not
           reckon
           Pythagoras
           among
           the
           long-liv'd
           men
           ;
           as
           probably
           he
           would
           if
           Pythagoras
           had
           lived
           90
           years
           ,
           as
           most
           say
           ,
           according
           to
           
             D.
             Laert.
             Ib.
          
           much
           more
           ,
           if
           he
           had
           lived
           ,
           as
           Jamblichus
           saith
           ,
           
             very
             near
          
           100
           ;
           or
           as
           Tzetzes
           says
           ,
           perhaps
           from
           Jamblichus
           ,
           100
           
             wanting
             one
          
           ;
           or
           according
           to
           the
           nameless
           Writer
           in
           
             Photii
             Biblioth
          
           .
           CCXLIX
           .
           104
           years
           ;
           or
           according
           to
           a
           nameless
           Writer
           in
           
           Galen's
           Works
           117
           years
           .
        
         
           But
           if
           the
           Reader
           is
           not
           yet
           tir'd
           ,
           I
           will
           go
           on
           with
           him
           to
           the
           end
           of
           the
           90
           years
           ,
           which
           is
           as
           far
           as
           I
           see
           any
           ground
           .
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             505
             ,
             4.
             
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             68
             ,
             4.
             
          
           Here
           the
           Death
           of
           Pythagoras
           is
           plac'd
           in
           one
           MS
           of
           Eus.
           Chron.
           
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             504
          
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             69
          
           HERACLITUS
           now
           flourish'd
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             83
          
           IX
           .
           beginning
           .
        
         
           PARMENIDES
           now
           flourish'd
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           IX
           ,
           23.
           
        
         
           Now
           
             Cynaethus
             Chius
          
           first
           rhapsodied
           
           Homer's
           Verses
           .
           
             Schol.
             in
             Pindar
          
           .
           Nem.
           B.
           
        
         
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             502
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             69
             ,
             2.
             
          
           HECATAEUS
           the
           Historian
           flourish'd
           ;
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             85
          
           for
           now
           he
           endeavour'd
           to
           disswade
           Aristagoras
           from
           taking
           Arms
           against
           Darius
           King
           of
           
             Persia
             ,
             Herodot
          
           .
           V.
           36.
           
        
         
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             87
          
           N.
           ANAXAGORAS
           the
           Philosopher
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             500
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             70
          
           born
           this
           year
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           II
           ,
           7.
           from
           Apollodorus
           .
           This
           is
           confirm'd
           by
           Democritus
           saying
           of
           himself
           ,
           tha●●e
           was
           40
           years
           younger
           than
           
             Anaxagora●
             D.
             Laert.
          
           V.
           41.
           for
           Democritus
           was
           born
           Olymp.
           LXXX
           .
           Ib.
           
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             89
          
           
           Mariana's
           Copy
           of
           Eus.
           Chron.
           places
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             498
             ,
             7.
             
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             70
             ,
             3.
             
          
           the
           death
           of
           Pythagoras
           this
           year
           .
        
         
           
             
               Pythagoras's
               Age
            
             90
          
           Θ.
           PYTHAGORAS
           died
           Eus.
           Chron.
           Scal.
           
           
             
               Years
               before
               Christ
            
             497
             ,
             6.
             
          
           
             
               Olympiads
            
             70
             ,
             4.
             
          
           and
           Pontac
           .
           from
           4
           MSS.
           Most
           say
           he
           lived
           90
           years
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           III.
           44.
           
           The
           accounts
           of
           his
           death
           are
           various
           .
           The
           likeliest
           is
           that
           which
           we
           have
           in
           the
           Excerpta
           of
           
             Diod.
             Sic.
             Porphyry
          
           ,
           and
           
             Jambl.
             c.
          
           35.
           
           They
           tell
           how
           one
           Cylon
           of
           Croton
           ,
           a
           rich
           ,
           ambitious
           ,
           boisterous
           man
           ,
           having
           offer'd
           himself
           to
           be
           taken
           into
           the
           College
           ,
           and
           being
           refus'd
           ,
           was
           thereby
           so
           enraged
           ,
           that
           he
           got
           the
           Mob
           together
           ,
           and
           fell
           upon
           
           Milo's
           house
           ,
           when
           Pythagoras
           and
           his
           Disciples
           were
           all
           there
           together
           ,
           and
           burnt
           the
           house
           ,
           and
           all
           that
           were
           in
           it
           ,
           except
           two
           or
           three
           that
           narrowly
           escaped
           .
           Some
           say
           Pythagoras
           was
           one
           of
           them
           that
           were
           burnt
           there
           .
           Others
           say
           ,
           he
           escaped
           out
           of
           the
           Fire
           ,
           and
           was
           kill'd
           in
           pursuit
           .
           Others
           ,
           that
           he
           fled
           to
           Caulonia
           ,
           thence
           to
           Locri
           ,
           thence
           to
           Tarentum
           ;
           but
           being
           no
           where
           receiv'd
           ,
           at
           last
           he
           went
           to
           Metapontum
           ,
           and
           there
           got
           into
           the
           Muses
           Temple
           ,
           where
           being
           kept
           from
           Victuals
           40
           days
           ,
           he
           was
           starved
           .
           Hermippus
           ,
           whom
           Josephus
           calleth
           the
           most
           eminent
           Writer
           of
           Pythag.
           Life
           ,
           hath
           a
           most
           unlikely
           story
           
           of
           his
           death
           .
           He
           saith
           that
           being
           ingag'd
           with
           ●he
           Agrigentines
           against
           the
           Syracusans
           ,
           and
           his
           Party
           ,
           being
           worsted
           ,
           he
           was
           taken
           in
           Flight
           because
           he
           would
           not
           run
           over
           a
           Bean
           Plot
           ,
           and
           so
           was
           kill'd
           by
           the
           Enemy
           .
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           hath
           an
           Epigram
           on
           his
           Death
           ,
           according
           to
           this
           Story
           ,
           which
           I
           think
           indeed
           is
           fitter
           for
           a
           Poet
           than
           an
           Historian
           .
        
         
           After
           his
           Death
           ,
           those
           of
           his
           Disciples
           that
           were
           living
           ,
           are
           said
           to
           have
           been
           dispersed
           into
           Greece
           ,
           and
           the
           neighbouring
           Countries
           .
           And
           yet
           his
           Family
           is
           said
           to
           have
           continued
           at
           or
           about
           Croton
           .
           His
           Wife
           Theano
           was
           born
           there
           ,
           according
           to
           
             Clem.
             Alex.
          
           from
           Didymus
           ,
           and
           
             D.
             Laert.
          
           and
           Suidas
           .
           But
           Porphyry
           says
           she
           was
           of
           Crete
           .
           Some
           say
           that
           she
           ,
           and
           her
           Son
           Telauges
           ,
           revived
           or
           continued
           his
           School
           .
           Others
           say
           it
           was
           done
           by
           Aristaeus
           of
           Croton
           ,
           that
           married
           his
           Daugh.
           Theano
           .
           His
           Son
           Arimnestus
           is
           mention'd
           by
           Porphyry
           from
           
             Duris
             Samius
          
           ,
           and
           said
           to
           have
           taught
           Democritus
           the
           famous
           Philosopher
           .
           
             D.
             Laert
          
           .
           mentions
           his
           Son
           Marmacus
           ,
           and
           D.
           
             Damo
             .
             Suidas
          
           seems
           to
           call
           that
           Son
           Mnesarchus
           ,
           and
           also
           mentions
           his
           D.
           Arignote
           ,
           and
           Myia
           .
           Another
           D.
           of
           his
           is
           call'd
           Sara
           .
           But
           of
           all
           these
           we
           have
           nothing
           that
           looks
           like
           a
           Certainty
           ,
           in
           my
           opinion
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
       
         
           ERRATA
           .
        
         
           P.
           vii
           .
           l.
           2.
           
             have
             also
             from
          
           .
           p.
           ix
           .
           l.
           12.
           for
           LVII
           ,
           r.
           LXII
           .
           p.
           5.
           l.
           1.
           for
           5
           2.
           r.
           52.
           p.
           10.
           l.
           12.41
           should
           be
           in
           lin
           .
           15.
           p.
           11.
           l.
           22.
           r.
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
        
         
           N.
           is
           here
           put
           for
           the
           Birth
           ,
           and
           Θ.
           for
           the
           Death
           of
           any
           Person
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A48814-e220
           
             *
             
               Jonsius
               de
               Script
               .
               Hist.
               Philos
               .
            
          
           
             VIII
             ,
             2.
             
          
           
             Herod
             11.
             
             
               Diod.
               Sic.
               Philostr
               .
               vit
               .
               Apoll.
               Ty.
               iii.
            
             6.
             
          
           
             
               Porph.
               p.
            
             188.
             
          
           
             
               Porph.
               p.
            
             201.
             
          
           
             
               Schol.
               in
               Sophoclis
               Electram
            
             .
          
           
             
               Diog.
               Laert
               VIII
            
             ,
             4.
             
             
               Schol.
               in
               Apoll.
               Argonaut
               I.
            
             
          
           
             
               D.
               Laert.
               VIII
            
             ,
             4.
             
          
           
             
               D
               Laert.
               VIII
            
             .
             14.
             
          
           
             
               Porph.
               p.
            
             191.
             
          
           
             
               Jambl.
               c.
            
             28.
             
          
           
             
               Herod
               .
               II.
               Diog.
               Laert
            
             from
             Heraclides
             .
          
           
             
               Porph.
               p
            
             191.
             
          
           
             
               D.
               Laert.
               VIII
            
             .
             36.
             
          
           
             
               Philostr
               .
               III.
            
             707.
             
             VI.
             18.
             
             V.
             15.
             
          
           
             
               Diog.
               Laert
               .
               VIII
            
             .
             41.
             from
             Hermippus
             .
          
           
             
               Chrysost.
               Hom.
               II.
            
             in
             
               Joh.
               Cyril
            
             .
             in
             
               Julian
               III.
            
             
          
           
             Porph.
             p.
             193.
             
             Jambl.
             c.
             28.
             
          
           
             P.
             194.
             
          
           
             Porph.
             p
             191
             ,
             192.
             
             Jambl.
             c.
             28.
             
          
           
             
               Porph.
               ib.
               &
               Jambl.
            
             c.
             13.
             
             Jambl
             .
             c.
             28.
             
             Porph.
             p.
             190.
             
          
           
             1
             
               Cor.
               I.
            
             21.
             
          
           
             
               Acts
               IV.
            
             13.
             
          
           
             
               V.
               Hierocl
            
             .
             infra
             ,
             &
             Julian
             .
             Apost
             .
             in
             
             Spanheim's
             Edition
             of
             
               Cyril
               .
               lib.
               X.
               p.
            
             327.
             
          
           
             
               John
               XX.
            
             30
             ,
             31.
             
          
           
             
               Mar.
               XVI
            
             .
             20.
             
          
           
             1
             
               Cor.
               XV.
            
             6.
             
          
           
             
               V.
               Uss.
            
             Annal
             .
             
               A.
               D.
            
             54.
             
             &
             
               Pearson
               .
               Posthum
               .
               Act
               ▪
               II.
            
             32.
             
             IV.
             33.
             
             V.
             32.
             
          
           
             
               John
               IX
            
             .
             47.
             
          
           
             
               Acts
               IV.
            
             16.
             
          
           
             
               Mat.
               IX
            
             .
             34.
             
             XII
             .
             24.
             
          
           
             
               Mat.
               XXVI
            
             .
             59
             ,
             60.
             
             
               Luke
               XXIII
               .
               14.
            
             
          
           
             
               Origen
               .
               contra
               Celsum
               .
               I.
               p.
            
             30
             ,
             55.
             
             
               II.
               p.
            
             93
             ,
             94.
             
          
           
             
               P.
               xx
               ,
               xxv
            
             .
          
           
             
               Origen
               .
               contra
               Celsum
               .
               III.
               p.
            
             126
             ,
             127.
             
             
               &
               VIII
               p.
            
             407.
             
          
           
             
               Origen
               contra
               Cels.
               I.
               p.
            
             8.
             
          
           
             
               Orig.
               cont
               .
               Cels.
               I.
            
             
          
           
             
               P.
               xvii
            
             .
          
           
             
               Origin
               .
               contra
               Cels.
               III
               p.
            
             125
             ,
             129.
             
          
           
             
               Orig.
               cont
               .
               Cel.
               III.
            
             125
             ,
             129.
             
          
           
             
               Herod
               .
               IV.
            
             
          
           
             
               Orig
               cont
               .
               Cels.
               III.
               p.
            
             129.
             
          
           
             
               Holstein
               de
               vitâ
               &
               scriptis
               Porph.
               c.
            
             10.
             
          
           
             
               Hieron
               .
               praef
               .
               Dan.
            
             
          
           
             
               De
               vit
               .
               &
               scr
               .
               Porphyr
               c
            
             4.
             
          
           
             
               Euseb.
               hist.
               VI.
            
             19.
             
          
           
             
               Porph.
               v.
               Plotini
               ,
               p.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             
               Euseb.
               hist.
               VII
            
             .
             12.
             
             VIII
             4.
             
          
           
             
               Ho●st
               ib.
               c
            
             10
             
          
           
             
               De
               vit
               .
               &
               Scr.
               Porph.
               c.
            
             7.
             
          
           
             
               p.
               xiii
            
             .
          
           
             
               Lact.
               de
               Justit
               .
               v.
            
             2.
             
          
           
             
               Lact.
               de
               mort
               .
               perfec
               c
            
             16.
             
             
               Euseb.
               de
               Mart.
               Palaest
               .
               c.
            
             5.
             
          
           
             
               Eus.
               cont
               .
               Hier.
            
             
          
           
             
               Edit
               .
               Oxon
            
             .
             8
             
             o.
             p.
             264.
             
          
           
             Gal.
             6.11
             .
          
           
             Act.
             22.3
             .
          
           
             Act.
             26.24
             .
          
           
             Rom.
             3.8
             .
             2
             Pet.
             3.3
             .
          
           
             2
             Tim
             4.6
             .
             2
             Pet.
             1.14
             .
          
           
             
               Philost
               .
               VIII
            
             .
             12.
             
          
           
             
               Philost
               .
               I.
            
             3.
             
          
           
             Ib.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             
               Ib.
               I
            
             ,
             3.
             
          
           
             I
             ,
             2.
             
          
           
             
               Philostr
               .
               Soph.
               II.
               p.
            
             617.
             
             He
             writ
             a
             book
             of
             Love-Epistles
             .
             Suid.
             
          
           
             I
             ,
             1.
             
          
           
             IV
             ,
             3.
             
          
           
             IV.
             8.
             
             Empusa
             .
          
           
             
               P.
               ix
            
             .
          
           
             C.
             1
             c.
             1.
             
          
           
             IV.
             3.
             
          
           
             IV.
             5.
             
          
           
             III
             ,
             8.
             
          
           
             VI
             ,
             5.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             
               P.
               xxxi
            
             .
          
           
             I
             ,
             4.
             
          
           
             VIII
             ,
             12.
             
          
           
             I
             ,
             9.
             
          
           
             
               Tac●
               Ann.
               II.
            
             42.
             
          
           
             
               Tac
               Annal
               II
            
             ,
             42.
             
          
           
             
               P.
               xxix
            
             .
          
           
             VIII
             ,
             12.
             
          
           
             VIII
             ,
             12.
             
          
           
             
               P.
               v.
            
             
          
           
             I
             ,
             1
             ,
             2.
             
          
           
             
               Euseb.
               in
               Hier.
            
             
          
           
             I
             ,
             ●3
             .
             p.
             25.
             
          
           
             I
             ,
             2
             ,
             3.
             
          
           
             VII
             ,
             1.
             
          
           
             III
             ,
             13.
             
          
           
             
               Lucian
               in
               Pseudo-Mant
               .
               p.
            
             476.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             
               P.
               xxx
            
             .
          
           
             
               P.
               xxix
            
             .
          
           
             
               Philost
               .
               Soph.
               II.
               p.
            
             ●●●
             
          
           
             
               Eus.
               hist
               VI.
            
             
          
           
             
               Phil.
               vit
               .
               Apol.
               l.
            
             18
             ,
             24.
             
          
           
             
               Sext.
               Empir
               .
               Pyrth
               .
               III
               ,
            
             24.
             
          
           
             I
             ,
             3.
             
          
           
             
             More
             's
             Mystery
             of
             Godliness
             ,
             IV
             ,
             3
             ,
             4.
             
             V
             ,
             7
             ,
             1.
             
          
           
             
               Phil.
               VIII
            
             .
             13.
             
          
           
             
               Eus.
               hist.
               VI
            
             ,
             21.
             
          
           
             
               Lampr.
               Alex
               .
               A.
            
             §
             29.
             
          
           
             Mystery
             of
             Godliness
             ,
             V
             ,
             7
             ,
             8.
             
          
           
             
               Vopisc
               .
               Divus
               Aurel
               .
               c.
            
             24.
             
             Mr.
             Dodwell
             
               's
               praelect
               .
               prooem
               .
               in
               hist.
               Aug.
               V.
            
             6.
             
          
           
             
               V.
               Lact.
               de
               mort
               .
               perfec
               .
            
          
           
             
               Juliani
               Epist
               xxxiv
               ▪
               xl
               ,
               xli
               ,
               liii
               ,
               lx
               ,
               lxi
               .
            
          
           
             
               Juliani
               Orat
               .
               IV.
               Crat
               VII
               .
            
          
           
             Ib.
             
          
           
             
               Jambl.
               vit
               .
               Pyth
               c.
            
             2
             p.
             28.
             
          
           
             c.
             2.
             p.
             29.
             
          
           
             Ib.
             
          
           
             
               P.
               viii
            
             .
          
           
             
               p.
               vi
               ,
               vii
               ,
               viii
               .
            
          
           
             P.
             43.
             
          
           
             c.
             27.
             p.
             127.
             
          
           
             c.
             19.
             p.
             94.
             
          
           
             
               P.
               xiii
            
             .
          
           
             c.
             19.
             p.
             94.
             
          
           
             c.
             2.
             p.
             31.
             l.
             5.
             
          
           
             c.
             4.
             p.
             36.
             l.
             27.
             
          
           
             c.
             4.
             ending
             .
          
           
             c.
             5.
             beginning
             .
          
           
             c.
             7.
             p.
             47.
             l.
             23.
             
          
           
             c.
             36.
             p.
             220.
             l.
             4.
             
          
           
             c.
             30.
             p.
             154.
             l.
             22.
             
          
           
             c.
             23.
             p.
             103
             ▪
             l.
             15.
             
          
           
             
               Herodot
               .
               IV
            
             ,
             56.
             
          
           
             c
             23.
             p.
             103.
             l.
             11
             ,
             15.
             
          
           
             
               Dissert
               .
               p.
            
             362.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             
               Porph.
               vit
               .
               Pyth.
               p.
            
             193.
             
          
           
             
               Jambl.
               c.
            
             28.
             p.
             127
             ,
             128.
             
          
           
             
               p.
               xi
            
             .
          
           
             VIII
             ,
             3.
             
          
           
             c.
             23.
             p.
             103.
             l.
             15.
             
          
           
             
               D.
               Laert.
               VIII
            
             ,
             56.
             ibidem
             .
          
           
             VIII
             ,
             74.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             p.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             c.
             19.
             p.
             92.
             l.
             32.
             p.
             93.
             l.
             10.
             
          
           
             c.
             28.
             p.
             131.
             l.
             28.
             
          
           
             c.
             36
             p.
             221
             ,
             &c.