Distant Reader - subject-poland-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 9 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 465,422 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 51,713 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 87. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

king, great, poland, one, time, made, duke, first, might, two, also, army, without, prince, much, yet, may, city, likewise, kingdom, polish, poles, several, majesty, general, country, many, will, men, make, turks, place, like, town, year, present, day, sent, either, part, well, three, order, little, diet, afterwards, crown, good, last, long

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The history of the troubles of Suethland and Poland, which occasioned the expulsion of Sigismundus the Third, king of those kingdomes, with his heires for ever from the Suethish crown with a continuation of those troubles, untill the truce, an. 1629 : as also, a particular narration of the daily passages at the last and great treaty of pacification between those two kingdomes, concluded at Stumbsdorff in Prussia, anno 1635 : concluding with a breife commemoration of the life and death of Sr. George Duglas, Knight, Lord Ambassadour extraordinary from the late King of Great Brittaine, for the treaty above mentioned / faithfully couched by J. Fowler ..., The history of Poland. vol. 2 in several letters to persons of quality, giving an account of the antient and present state of that kingdom, historical, geographical, physical, political and ecclesiastical ... : with sculptures, and a new map after the best geographers : with several letters relating to physick / by Bern. Connor ... who, in his travels in that country, collected these memoirs from the best authors and his own observations ; publish''d by the care and assistance of Mr. Savage., and The history of Poland. vol. 1 in several letters to persons of quality, giving an account of the antient and present state of that kingdom, historical, geographical, physical, political and ecclesiastical ... : with sculptures, and a new map after the best geographers : with several letters relating to physick / by Bern. Connor ... who, in his travels in that country, collected these memoirs from the best authors and his own observations ; publish''d by the care and assistance of Mr. Savage..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

great master, duke charles, king sigismundus, great dutchy, mean time, grand visier, late king, polish army, great number, great deal, great many, thousand men, next day, great duke, french ambassador, like manner, english books, early english, every one, great general, teutonic order, ever since, books online, grand general, one side, king john, count teckley, day following, built town, long time, capital city, make use, present state, made use, john sobieski, chief cities, great numbers, sir robert, king vladislaus, one another, creation partnership, three days, polish majesty, text creation, great men, page images, florus polon, adverse party, take care, de fulstin

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The vvarres of Svvethland With the ground and originall of the said vvarres, begun and continued betwixt Sigismond King of Poland, and Duke Charles his vnkle, lately crowned King of Swethland. As also the state and condition of that kingdome, as it standeth to this day. The history of Poland. vol. 2 in several letters to persons of quality, giving an account of the antient and present state of that kingdom, historical, geographical, physical, political and ecclesiastical ... : with sculptures, and a new map after the best geographers : with several letters relating to physick / by Bern. Connor ... who, in his travels in that country, collected these memoirs from the best authors and his own observations ; publish''d by the care and assistance of Mr. Savage., and The history of Poland. vol. 1 in several letters to persons of quality, giving an account of the antient and present state of that kingdom, historical, geographical, physical, political and ecclesiastical ... : with sculptures, and a new map after the best geographers : with several letters relating to physick / by Bern. Connor ... who, in his travels in that country, collected these memoirs from the best authors and his own observations ; publish''d by the care and assistance of Mr. Savage..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

poland, king, army, prince, duke, town, tcp, poles, polish, majesty, kingdom, general, election, crown, court, country, city, year, turks, tartars, son, senators, river, place, people, palatinate, great, gentry, diet, death, cities, charles, castle, camp, body, bishop, war, visier, truce, troops, treaty, towne, swethland, suethland, suethes, subjects, states, state, sir, sigismundus

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be king, and A discourse of the original, countrey, manners, government and religion of the Cossacks with another of the Precopian Tartars : and the history of the wars of the Cossacks against Poland. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

time, day, part, way, others, country, years, order, lordship, body, things, manner, kings, king, side, place, nothing, towns, tho, death, reason, name, number, people, troops, men, person, p., rest, end, arms, power, suethes, thing, letters, subjects, orders, right, parts, self, man, days, places, peace, interest, election, brother, year, one, money

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

was, be, is, had, are, have, were, being, been, made, having, did, has, make, sent, do, said, give, take, built, came, taken, left, come, according, done, thought, put, given, took, found, brought, say, set, gave, elected, received, called, desired, go, see, began, went, concluded, s, meet, kept, let, call, return

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

king, poland, 𝄁, duke, army, prince, majesty, kingdom, poles, city, great, turks, polish, town, general, diet, crown, c., master, lithuania, castle, year, river, kingdome, court, tartars, suethland, princes, john, son, gentry, war, palatinate, men, grand, prussia, lord, queen, senators, mediators, charles, state, bishop, camp, emperor, province, power, cracow, senator, father

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

his, they, their, he, it, them, him, i, themselves, my, its, himself, your, her, we, me, our, you, she, ''em, us, one, theirs, thy, thee, ours, march''d, em, whereof, us''d, mine, yours, dy''d, vp, †, wn''d, therby, tart, surpriz''d, severall, lye, l, je, itself, ib, hey, encamp

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, great, same, several, many, first, such, own, little, more, last, present, most, much, good, former, whole, large, long, small, new, late, considerable, certain, second, next, better, particular, least, like, common, strong, third, full, greater, famous, able, polish, few, general, true, french, necessary, free, contrary, high, best, private, latter, different

not, so, very, then, also, only, likewise, as, more, most, up, there, well, afterwards, much, now, first, never, here, out, together, always, formerly, about, therefore, thus, before, yet, soon, even, ever, still, rather, over, off, long, generally, far, almost, in, again, onely, often, all, especially, down, sometimes, away, immediately, moreover

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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