Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 17 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 58213 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 84 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 Mr. 7 Washington 7 Senator 7 Laura 6 Philip 6 Mrs. 6 Miss 6 Colonel 5 man 5 Hawkins 4 Ruth 4 New 4 House 4 Harry 3 State 3 Mayor 3 Judge 3 God 2 good 2 come 2 West 2 Van 2 Pacific 2 North 2 Hawkeye 2 Dilworthy 2 Court 2 Bolton 1 year 1 woman 1 street 1 seller 1 saloon 1 rawling 1 public 1 like 1 law 1 know 1 house 1 hold 1 hand 1 city 1 buck 1 York 1 Willie 1 Wheaton 1 Westville 1 Western 1 Wardrop 1 Walter Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 3573 man 2040 time 1476 day 1317 thing 1311 way 1290 hand 1016 night 940 room 927 case 887 eye 875 woman 864 office 847 people 828 money 824 door 803 city 762 face 750 word 722 business 694 house 663 nothing 651 matter 648 year 641 father 613 moment 610 law 598 head 591 friend 590 life 587 one 583 something 574 anything 572 boss 555 place 541 hour 535 trial 530 work 512 fact 480 girl 475 court 474 street 466 paper 461 side 456 prosecution 447 party 446 minute 442 part 435 name 435 mind 425 order Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 2345 Mr. 1454 Ruef 877 _ 779 Senator 728 San 700 Francisco 620 Miss 595 Kent 593 Heney 469 Katherine 462 Mrs. 439 State 428 Blake 427 Attorney 414 Supervisors 408 Judge 407 Laura 405 Schmitz 403 Philip 400 Washington 398 District 394 Morrison 393 Mayor 392 Court 344 United 340 Gallagher 330 LAURA 323 Calhoun 304 Hamblin 302 Glenister 296 Bruce 289 New 280 Harry 277 George 268 Corson 263 Norcross 257 Langdon 249 Alden 248 Ruth 248 Doctor 248 Belle 245 A. 244 House 241 Governor 238 Railroads 237 West 235 Grand 234 J. 234 God 223 Colonel Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 15991 i 13368 he 12184 it 11092 you 5843 she 4673 him 3512 me 3278 they 2945 we 1961 her 1839 them 897 himself 813 us 303 myself 265 herself 213 ''em 196 itself 191 yourself 170 themselves 90 ''s 88 one 79 thee 62 mine 51 yours 35 his 30 ourselves 26 em 19 ours 19 hers 16 theirs 10 ye 8 you''ll 7 i''m 5 you''re 2 yourselves 2 yo 2 --they 1 yerself 1 wi 1 uv 1 us"--or 1 twain!----- 1 thyself 1 theeself 1 th 1 tellin 1 sheila"--they 1 she''ll 1 ran 1 portmonnaie!--when Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 39726 be 15667 have 7046 do 4981 say 3791 go 2819 know 2812 make 2508 come 2439 see 2369 get 2197 take 1710 tell 1633 think 1574 give 1217 find 1209 look 1003 want 950 ask 901 put 871 leave 847 let 832 stand 767 hear 745 try 745 call 725 turn 721 seem 701 keep 690 hold 683 follow 680 begin 603 bring 577 speak 575 run 575 mean 552 show 548 pay 547 believe 545 sit 543 feel 534 talk 481 wait 474 break 447 pass 445 send 435 become 400 use 399 suppose 395 meet 386 help Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 9796 not 2494 up 2144 so 2142 out 1901 then 1773 now 1501 good 1455 more 1317 little 1304 only 1290 other 1177 down 1174 here 1136 back 1126 just 1090 well 1060 as 946 first 932 very 911 never 884 old 870 in 842 much 834 there 829 long 818 again 803 too 791 away 766 own 746 on 735 right 730 all 725 great 675 last 633 even 617 still 613 new 580 young 576 off 573 such 566 enough 555 many 511 same 507 most 504 public 497 few 497 ever 490 over 454 always 452 once Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 289 good 224 least 120 most 47 great 47 bad 40 high 36 near 29 big 26 slight 26 large 20 low 16 late 15 fine 12 early 11 faint 10 hard 9 rich 9 old 9 heavy 9 able 8 small 8 noble 8 Most 7 quick 7 deep 6 wealthy 6 strong 6 simple 6 pure 5 sweet 5 short 5 safe 5 hot 5 happy 5 handsome 5 easy 5 dear 4 young 4 true 4 sad 4 poor 4 long 4 light 4 gross 4 dark 4 brave 4 black 3 vile 3 shrewd 3 sane Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 387 most 42 least 28 well 2 highest 1 worst 1 tempest 1 near 1 long 1 lest 1 clearest Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 ruef was not 9 room was empty 5 _ had _ 5 _ is _ 5 ruef gave gallagher 4 _ are _ 4 people do n''t 4 senator was not 3 _ do _ 3 _ got _ 3 business is business 3 case was not 3 door was not 3 face did not 3 face was pale 3 face was very 3 face was white 3 father is there 3 father went away 3 man had ever 3 men do n''t 2 _ did _ 2 _ have _ 2 _ was _ 2 case is not 2 cases were finally 2 city is now 2 door was closed 2 door was open 2 door was still 2 eyes were busy 2 eyes were downcast 2 eyes were not 2 eyes were starry 2 eyes were still 2 face was fresh 2 face was radiant 2 father is angry 2 father is not 2 house was full 2 house was nothing 2 man came in 2 man do n''t 2 man is possessed 2 man was not 2 men are such 2 money did not 2 money was not 2 night was n''t 2 nothing is impossible Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 case are no different 1 case was no less 1 cases was not better 1 day was not far 1 door had no more 1 door was not entirely 1 eyes found no welcome 1 eyes were no more 1 eyes were not altogether 1 eyes were not pleasant 1 face did not so 1 face was not even 1 father had no idea 1 father has no lawyer 1 father is not guilty 1 father was not there 1 francisco was not so 1 house is not ready 1 man is not more 1 man saw no more 1 man was no longer 1 matters having no legitimate 1 men had no money 1 money is no use 1 money was not seriously 1 people are not either 1 people do not usually 1 ruef has no standing 1 ruef was not present 1 senator did not merely 1 senator was not interested 1 time is not far 1 time is not very 1 woman did not really 1 women had not as 1 women have no business 1 word is not sufficient 1 years are not many A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = 5076 author = Beach, Rex title = The Spoilers date = keywords = Bronco; Cherry; Chester; Dextry; Glenister; God; Helen; Judge; Kid; Malotte; Midas; Miss; Mr.; Nome; North; Roy; Stillman; Struve; Vigilantes; Voorhees; Wheaton; good; hand; like; man summary = Glenister, on the other hand, stood carelessly, beating the men off as "We''re here, Miss Stowaway," said Glenister, entering the girl''s cabin. days an'' nights steady--there ain''t no room, nor time, nor darkness to "Besides being a brave knight and assisting ladies in distress, Mr. Glenister is a very great and wonderful man," Helen explained, lightly. "Indeed!" said the old man, his shifting eyes now resting full on the As he paused, glass in hand, his eyes were drawn to a man who stood They''ll search the place," said Dextry, and the men looked "We want Alec McNamara," said Glenister. As McNamara looked into the angry eyes of the lean-faced men beyond the For a time Glenister won steadily till there came a moment when many "Nobody came near Glenister''s house except Miss Chester," the man "We''ve stood by you, Glenister, and you can''t quit us like this," said id = 42830 author = Curon, L. O. title = Chicago, Satan''s Sanctum date = keywords = Chicago; Chief; Mayor; New; Police; West; York; city; hold; house; law; man; public; saloon; street; woman; year summary = Levied--Law Department--Arrests in 1897--Police Fix Boundaries for House Entertainer--Police Protection--Diseases--Attempts at Reform--People Protecting--Cock Fighting--Bucket Shops--Women Dealers--Pool Rooms--Police ARRESTS IN 1897 IN SECOND POLICE PRECINCT--IN CITY AT LARGE--DIVISION The Police Force of the City of Chicago consisted on December 31st, 1897, The duties of the police force are clearly defined in the city charter. energetically than by the chief law officer of the city administration, whereby officers of all ranks, after years of police service and Lexow committee, so the police force of Chicago then was; and what the New police force of the city, will show the view entertained by that official Q. Do you mean to say, as Chief of Police, with the men and money at your that man is today a member of Chicago''s police force; yet such is the The next day the boarding house woman called on the Chief of Police and id = 7931 author = Day, Holman title = All-Wool Morrison Time -- Today, Place -- the United States, Period of Action -- Twenty-four Hours date = keywords = Blanchard; Corson; Daunt; Despeaux; Governor; House; Lana; Lanigan; Mac; Marion; Mayor; Miss; Morrison; Mr.; Mrs.; North; Senator; Stanton; State; Stewart; Tavish; Totten summary = Stewart Morrison in any clearer light than to state that old Andrew, at Stewart Morrison looked past her in the direction which the Corson car had compliments to Miss Corson, even walking right past you, Governor North, "Business in my line, you say, sir?" demanded Morrison, pursuing a matter "But I want to tell you right now, Morrison, seeing that you''re mayor of Morrison''s hand and pulled the mayor away with him toward the door, Daunt''s wink when he grabbed Morrison had tipped off Senator Corson, and The manner in which Senator Corson handed Morrison over to Silas Daunt I''m going to tell Stewart Morrison that I have business "If Mayor Morrison does come to the State House to-night, by "We''d like to see Senator Corson and Governor North." "I''m going to express myself about last night," stated Senator Corson. "Senator Corson, you claim you know Morrison better than I do. id = 43103 author = Hichborn, Franklin title = "The System," As Uncovered by the San Francisco Graft Prosecution date = keywords = Attorney; Board; Calhoun; California; Company; Court; District; Ford; Francisco; Gallagher; Grand; Heney; Judge; Jury; Labor; Langdon; Mayor; Mr.; Pacific; Railroads; Ruef; San; Schmitz; Spreckels; State; Supervisors; Union; United summary = [22] At Ruef''s trial on the charge of offering a bribe to Supervisor [22] At Ruef''s trial on the charge of offering a bribe to Supervisor then, through Ruef, receiving bribe money from public-service [51] Supervisor Gallagher testified at graft trials that Ruef had [70] Ruef advised strongly against Schmitz leaving San Francisco. Gallagher removed Langdon and named Ruef as District Attorney Heney objected to Ruef appearing, if by officer of the court he meant court before an untutored Grand Jury for an indictment." Ruef charged The Grand Jury, on the evidence, indicted Schmitz and Ruef on five The San Francisco Examiner said of the indictment of Schmitz of Ruef and Schmitz, who represented a San Francisco district in The day following, Ruef''s attorneys appealed to the State Appellate elected Schmitz-Ruef Board of Supervisors at the time of the exposures graft trials that after Gallagher had gone Ruef stated that id = 11418 author = Lynde, Francis title = The Grafters date = keywords = Argus; Brentwood; Brock; Callahan; David; Elinor; Gaston; Guilford; Hawk; Hildreth; House; Hunnicott; Judge; Kent; Loring; Miss; Mr.; Mrs.; Ormsby; Pacific; Penelope; Portia; State; Van; Western; buck; man summary = Kent let slip a hard word directed at ill-advisers in general, and Loring David Kent''s wife might have to forego; nay, things which Elinor Brentwood opening no window in the heart of the man David Kent. "Did you know Mr. Kent was going to board the train here?" she asked "He is with us now," said David Kent; "the newly appointed general manager "I am stating the plain fact," said Kent, nettled a little by her With Judge Marston''s hint partly to point the way, Kent was no long time "He is a very honorable man," said Kent. "That was said like the David Kent I used to know. "I don''t think; I know," said Kent, incisively. "I know it," said Kent; and then he turned abruptly and went away. "No," said Kent; and just then he saw Loring coming in from the street id = 38846 author = Lynde, Francis title = The Wreckers date = keywords = Britt; Chadwick; City; Collingwood; Dunton; Graham; Hatch; Jimmie; Kirgan; Line; Mr.; Mrs.; Norcross; Portal; Ripley; Sheila; Short; Van summary = well enough, when Mr. Norcross had turned the new offer down, that Mr. Chadwick wasn''t going to let it go at that. "I know a few good men, if I can get them," said the boss thoughtfully. The first time Mr. Norcross''s special went over the line anybody could see with half an eye "You talk like an honest man, Mr. Norcross," he said, and he was saying "I haven''t told the sheriff, or anybody but Mr. Norcross, what I know about a certain little train hold-up that happened "I''m glad to have a chance to meet you on your own ground, Mr. Norcross," he said, giving the boss a hand-grip that looked mighty minute or two, after he had said good-night to the major and Mrs. Kendrick, we got out. By the time Mr. Van Britt got back to the train desk, the boss had his id = 34020 author = Rinehart, Mary Roberts title = The Window at the White Cat date = keywords = Bella; Bellwood; Burton; Butler; Edith; Fleming; Fred; Hunter; Jane; Knox; Letitia; Maitland; Margery; Miss; Mr.; Mrs.; Schwartz; Wardrop summary = "I should think it ought to be looked into," I said decisively, and got On the day that Margery Fleming came to me about her father, I went home occurred to me that Miss Fleming might not have left the house that day "You have had no news at all?" Miss Fleming said cautiously, her head It was said of Miss Letitia that when money came into her possession it Miss Fleming in a blue frock was facing the door when I went "Before any one comes down, Miss Fleming," I said, "I want to ask a "I never heard of any," Margery said, but I saw Wardrop''s face change on As the doctor left the room Hunter went to the open window, through "Before we left," Margery said more quietly, "I closed this room myself. know that he came into my room that night at least once after I went id = 28820 author = Scott, Leroy title = Counsel for the Defense date = keywords = Billy; Blake; Blind; Brown; Bruce; Charlie; Court; Doctor; Elsie; Express; God; Hosie; House; Katherine; Miss; Mr.; Old; Peck; Sherman; West; Westville; come summary = I said I would wait to finish my talk with Doctor West till they were "Yes, I guess you''re a little wrong about Katherine West," smiled "I have heard of Miss West," he said, and in his manner Katherine''s "I am the man who wrote those true things about your father," he said know, Katherine, Doctor West was always as kind to me as another Katherine walked slowly away, still going over and over Doctor Katherine left her office, desperate, not knowing which way to turn, "Bless me," said the old man, "if I know what you''re talking about!" Blake hesitated a moment, then told of Katherine''s discovery. Blake turned his face sharply about upon Doctor Sherman--the first "You''re a very young man, Mr. Bruce," said the old politician, "and Bruce thought suddenly of Blake''s scheme to capture the water-works. With that the old man took the arm of Katherine''s father, who had been id = 3304 author = Sinclair, Upton title = The Machine date = keywords = HEGAN; JACK; JULIA; LAURA; MONTAGUE; Mr. summary = Yes. I expected a friend, but she can''t come until later. You know I don''t want to meet people like that. My dear Jack, the girl can''t help her father. [Sees LAURA; starts.] Miss Hegan! let other people talk and to read their thoughts.] Why, Mr. Montague, [Enters centre.] Good afternoon, Miss Hegan. I was very glad to come, Miss Hegan. Imagine a girl brought up in luxury, with a father whom she loves [Gravely.] Yes; I think he is, Miss Hegan. My dear, I think you might take your father''s word in such a I know that my father paid Mr. Grimes to influence the decision of that Court. Miss Hegan, you are a brave woman, and I would like to give way to I know that my father is not a happy man. Let Mr. Montague come to my father''s office tomorrow morning at [Takes HEGAN by the arm, and laughs.] Come, old man! id = 5818 author = Twain, Mark title = The Gilded Age, Part 1. date = keywords = Boreas; Clay; Colonel; Hawkins; Laura; Lord; Nancy; Sellers; Tennessee; Washington; come; know; man summary = that when that man gets his head full of a new notion, he can out-talk a pilot took his glass and looked at it steadily for a moment, and said, old man--tell him the Amaranth''s coming. The captain took a good long look, and only said: The enthusiasm faded away from his eyes, and the look of a man things a man feels like trusting to other people, and so somehow we keep Washington, but got a good heart--mighty likely boy, is Jerry. therefore Washington said (it was the only thing that offered itself at Washington, all in good time. "Why Colonel, you can''t want anything bigger!" said Washington, his eyes people little dreamed what a man Col. Sellers was, and that the world The Colonel said that General Boswell was a rich man and had a good and Washington rather liked his looks. Every time the Colonel came into the real estate office Washington''s id = 5819 author = Twain, Mark title = The Gilded Age, Part 2. date = keywords = Bolton; Colonel; Harry; Hawkeye; Hawkins; Laura; Mr.; New; Philip; Ruth; St.; Washington summary = Henry Brierly suddenly said, "Philip, how would you like to go to "I think I should like it of all things," replied Philip, with some whiskers; looks like a Washington man; I shouldn''t think he''d be at "Harry," said Philip, after a pause, "what have you got on those big has produced--said he, ''Colonel, how did you like those New York gentlemen?--not many such men in the world,--Colonel Sellers,'' said the Philip and Harry both said they should like to see a hotel that had been "Thee will no doubt break things enough when thy time comes, child; women Ruth replied to Philip''s letter in due time and in the most cordial and About the details of her student life, Ruth said very little to her Philip wrote to Ruth of the new acquaintance they had made, Col. Sellers, To find in such an out of the way country place a woman like Laura was a id = 5824 author = Twain, Mark title = The Gilded Age, Part 7. date = keywords = Braham; Colonel; Dilworthy; Hawkins; Laura; Mr.; Noble; Philip; Senate; Senator; Washington summary = the prisoner did not look insane, Susan said, "Lord; no, sir, just mad as "Mrs. Hawkins," said Mr. Braham, "will you'' be kind enough to state the Col. Sellers, continuing his testimony, said that he saw this lost "No, Sir. But upon one occasion, old Senator Thompson said to me, its my Mr. Braham re-drew for the jury the picture, of Laura''s early life; he The Court waited, for, some time, but the jury gave no signs of coming thing, but I said, No, Dilworthy, I must be on hand here,--both on time that the Senate should crush some cur like this man Noble, and thus with money; that the said Dilworthy sent for him to come to his room in It so happened, (said the Senator,) that about the time in question, a In reply, an honorable Senator said that he thought it would be as well id = 5820 author = Warner, Charles Dudley title = The Gilded Age, Part 3. date = keywords = Colonel; Harry; Hawkeye; Laura; Mr.; New; Philip; Ruth; Senator; Washington; seller summary = In the eyes of Washington Hawkins, Harry was a superior being, a man who As for Washington, Harry thought he was a man head in this way; for Harry thought himself a man of the world. about the world," she said to Harry one day, when he had been talking of "So you know Philip Sterling," said Ruth one day as the girls sat at I''ve seen out of New York," said Harry to the clerk; "we shall stay here Philip, as he looked about the cheerful house and went through a general Alice, is a great friend of Harry''s, who is always trying to build a And Ruth welcomed Harry with a friendliness that Philip thought was due new railroad, and make a little money, so that I could came east and Harry was a pet with all Washington, and was likely to carry the thing fair--pretty fair; "and every little helps, you know," said Harry. id = 5821 author = Warner, Charles Dudley title = The Gilded Age, Part 4. date = keywords = Colonel; Dilworthy; Harry; Laura; Miss; Mr.; Mrs.; Philip; Ruth; Senator; Washington; good summary = good deal as I do--especially people who have got little financial Once more Louise had good news from her Washington--Senator Dilworthy was I think, Ruth, when I die," said Philip, Philip called Alice his good sister, and talked to her about love and "I can tell you one thing, Philip," she said, "if ever Ruth Bolton loves, First Day, when Ruth and Alice and Philip, "world''s people," went to a well with Mrs. Bolton, that she said to Philip one day, "Oh, yes," said Philip laughing, "he believes in more things than any He talked freely with Philip about Ruth, an almighty fine girl, he said, Philip and Harry in the hall, Ruth said, laughing, From these remarks he learned a good deal about Laura that was news to "He said he had no doubt it was a good thing; if Senator Dilworthy was in id = 5822 author = Warner, Charles Dudley title = The Gilded Age, Part 5. date = keywords = Buckstone; Colonel; Harry; Hawkins; House; Laura; Mr.; Philip; Senator; Trollop; Washington summary = Laura looked pleased, and said: "Don''t you find it very warm to-day, Mr. Hawkins?" said Blanche, by way "What is, dear?" said Grace, who was talking with Laura. "He wants to make himself conspicuous more like," said Laura. "I think we want it bad," said Washington. Senator Dilworthy said he had come in late. Laura said that very likely it was only her nervousness. "A Lady at Senator Dilworthy''s would like to see Col. George Selby, thought; perhaps, who knows, said he with a smile, he may have got some "Laura," said the Colonel, nerving himself, but still pale, and speaking Laura heard all this in a kind of stupor, looking straight at Harry, Then came stories about Laura, town talk, gossip which Harry "Thy physician thinks thee mustn''t talk, Philip," said Ruth putting her "I have come," said Philip in his direct manner, "from my friend id = 5823 author = Warner, Charles Dudley title = The Gilded Age, Part 6. date = keywords = Bolton; Congress; Hawkins; Laura; Mr.; New; Philip; Ruth; Senator; Sunday; Washington summary = him at the house last night that Selby and his family went to New York Philip learned that Harry and Laura had both been taken to the city "But what under heavens," asked Philip, "induced you to come to New York Neither of the young men felt like attempting to see Laura that day, "Philip tells me," Mrs. Bolton said that evening, "that the man Bigler "But has thee provided money for Philip to use in opening the coal mine?" "So, sir," said Ruth, when Philip came from New York, "you have been "I should work with a great deal better heart, Ruth," he said the morning "No," said Philip, "the chances are that a man cannot get into congress "Well," said Philip, looking humble, "I care for some things, you and "Well, yes, a little," said Philip, feeling his way towards what he id = 42333 author = Wilkins, W. A. title = The Cleverdale Mystery; or, The Machine and Its Wheels: A Story of American Life date = keywords = Alden; Belle; Cleverdale; Daley; Fannie; George; God; Hamblin; Mannis; Miller; Mr.; Mrs.; Paddy; Sargent; Senator; Sullivan; Walter; Willie; man; rawling summary = For three days Belle Hamblin remained in her room attended by her mother. Monday evening, the four men arriving at Cleverdale, Senator Hamblin In the mean time Senator Hamblin visited the bank, and, "Father," replied Belle quickly, "George Alden is a noble man, and Senator Hamblin gave Miller full power to treat with Sargent and make Belle knew her father''s consent to her marriage with George Alden could Cleverdale was to have a great gala-day, and, of course, Senator Hamblin Senator Hamblin, desiring to bring Walter Mannis and his daughter Senator Hamblin and party passing from the box, Belle was followed by "Yes," said Senator Hamblin, "I believe he will do anything I desire, George Alden hearing her sigh looked into her face, and said: The next morning, as Senator Hamblin entered the bank, Sargent handed One hour later Senator Hamblin passed into the banking room, and handed