The sage senator delineated: or, A discourse of the qualifications, endowments, parts, external and internal, office, duty and dignity of a perfect politician. With a discourse of kingdoms, republiques, & states-popular. As also, of kings and princes: to which is annexed, the new models of modern policy. / By J.G. Gent.
         De optimo senatore. English
         Goślicki, Wawrzyniec, 1530-1607.
      
       
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             The sage senator delineated: or, A discourse of the qualifications, endowments, parts, external and internal, office, duty and dignity of a perfect politician. With a discourse of kingdoms, republiques, & states-popular. As also, of kings and princes: to which is annexed, the new models of modern policy. / By J.G. Gent.
             De optimo senatore. English
             Goślicki, Wawrzyniec, 1530-1607.
             Grimefield, John,
             J. G., Gent.
          
           [8], 216 p.
           
             Printed by Ja: Cottrel, for Sam. Speed, at the signe of the Printing-Press in St. Paul's Church-yard.,
             London, :
             1660.
          
           
             A translation of "De optimo senatore" by Wawrzyniec Goślicki, with "The new models of modern policy" by J.G., i.e. John Grimefield?, annexed.
             Title page in red and black.
             Annotation on Thomason copy: "July:".
             Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Politicians -- Early works to 1800.
           Political science -- Early works to 1800.
           Political ethics -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
       A85713  R10030  (Thomason E1766_1).  civilwar no The sage senator delineated: or, A discourse of the qualifications, endowments, parts, external and internal, office, duty and dignity of a Goślicki, Wawrzyniec 1660    49938 18 65 0 0 0 0 17 C  The  rate of 17 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the C category of texts with between 10 and 35 defects per 10,000 words. 
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           THE
           Sage
           Senator
           DELINEATED
           :
           OR
           ,
           A
           DISCOURSE
           OF
           The
           Qualifications
           ,
           Endowments
           ,
           Parts
           ,
           external
           and
           internal
           ,
           Office
           ,
           Duty
           and
           Dignity
           OF
           A
           PERFECT
           POLITICIAN
           ,
           WITH
           A
           Discourse
           of
           KINGDOMS
           ,
           Republiques
           ,
           &
           States-Popular
           .
           As
           Also
           ,
           Of
           KINGS
           and
           PRINCES
           :
           To
           which
           is
           annexed
           ,
           
             The
             New
             Models
             of
             Modern
             Policy
             .
          
        
         
           
             By
          
           J.
           G.
           
             Gent.
             
          
        
         
           
             London
             ,
          
           Printed
           by
           
             Ja
             :
             Cottrel
             ,
          
           for
           
             Sa●…
             .
             Speed
             ,
          
           at
           the
           signe
           of
           the
           Printing-Press
           in
           St.
           
             Paul's
          
           Church-yard
           .
           1660.
           
        
      
       
       
       
         
           To
           the
           Reader
           .
        
         
           THere
           are
           few
           or
           none
           (
           I
           presume
           )
           even
           among
           the
           Vulgar
           ,
           but
           understand
           that
           Republique
           or
           Kingdom
           to
           be
           most
           happy
           ,
           that
           lives
           most
           peaceably
           :
           Yet
           what
           doth
           most
           conduce
           to
           the
           Welfare
           and
           Felicity
           of
           King
           and
           People
           ,
           hath
           been
           long
           debated
           by
           the
           Ancient
           as
           well
           as
           Modern
           Philosophers
           ,
           and
           Politicians
           .
        
         
           Some
           are
           of
           opinion
           ,
           that
           good
           Laws
           work
           and
           frame
           the
           people
           to
           a
           civil
           life
           ;
           others
           think
           it
           lies
           in
           the
           power
           of
           good
           Education
           :
           some
           imagine
           that
           it
           proceeds
           from
           the
           Influence
           and
           Operation
           of
           the
           Stars
           upon
           sublunary
           Bodies
           ;
           and
           others
           ,
           from
           the
           Endeavors
           and
           Examples
           of
           good
           Kings
           .
           To
           the
           last
           ,
           we
           subscribe
           :
           for
           the
           peace
           and
           tranquillity
           of
           a
           Nation
           proceeds
           primarily
           from
           the
           splendor
           of
           Princely
           ●●●…rtues
           ;
           which
           are
           so
           glorious
           and
           attractive
           ,
           
           that
           they
           do
           not
           onely
           incite
           the
           Subject
           to
           gaze
           on
           them
           ,
           but
           with
           an
           extasied
           admiration
           ,
           to
           adore
           and
           affect
           them
           ,
           so
           that
           they
           are
           stimulated
           to
           an
           imitation
           ,
           as
           far
           as
           in
           them
           lies
           :
           and
           when
           Prince
           and
           People
           mutually
           labour
           in
           the
           pursuit
           of
           Vertue
           
             (
             pro
             viribus
             ,
          
           as
           we
           say
           )
           according
           to
           the
           utmost
           extent
           of
           their
           ability
           ,
           how
           can
           there
           chuse
           but
           be
           a
           result
           of
           Unanimity
           ,
           Peace
           and
           Concord
           ?
           To
           perfect
           this
           ,
           't
           is
           requisite
           that
           a
           Senate
           be
           elected
           ;
           which
           is
           a
           certain
           number
           of
           grave
           ,
           wise
           ,
           discreet
           Persons
           ,
           that
           may
           help
           their
           Soveraign
           to
           pull
           in
           or
           slacken
           the
           reins
           of
           Government
           ,
           according
           as
           't
           is
           judg'd
           convenient
           ;
           by
           the
           Nobility
           of
           whose
           Persons
           ,
           and
           the
           Prudence
           of
           whose
           Consultations
           ,
           married
           to
           the
           Judgement
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           the
           quiet
           and
           glory
           of
           the
           People
           is
           infinitely
           promoted
           and
           preserved
           .
           To
           which
           intent
           and
           purpose
           ,
           we
           have
           here
           deciphered
           
             A
             SAGE
             SENATOR
             ,
          
           with
           all
           qualifications
           tending
           to
           his
           Perfection
           ;
           his
           Office
           ,
           Duty
           ,
           Honour
           ,
           Preferment
           and
           Repute
           among
           the
           Ancients
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           those
           of
           latter
           Ages
           ;
           first
           asserting
           ,
           and
           then
           proving
           their
           necessity
           ,
           and
           the
           benefit
           that
           accrews
           to
           a
           Kingdom
           or
           Republike
           from
           their
           grave
           and
           serious
           Debates
           in
           Counsel
           ,
           and
           
           their
           industrious
           management
           of
           political
           Affairs
           .
           By
           such
           Union
           between
           King
           and
           Council
           ,
           Prince
           and
           People
           ;
           the
           whole
           Nation
           will
           undoubtedly
           flourish
           with
           a
           perpetual
           Verdure
           ,
           as
           if
           an
           immortal
           peace
           were
           entail'd
           upon
           them
           and
           their
           posterity
           for
           ever
           ;
           Laws
           will
           have
           their
           full
           force
           and
           efficacie
           ,
           as
           well
           for
           the
           punishment
           of
           Malefactors
           ,
           as
           the
           Reward
           of
           honourable
           deserving
           Persons
           :
           Justice
           will
           run
           in
           its
           proper
           current
           ,
           and
           not
           be
           diverted
           to
           sinister
           and
           base
           ends
           ,
           by
           lucre
           or
           self-interest
           ;
           two
           Hammers
           that
           are
           able
           to
           knock
           a
           Kingdom
           in
           pieces
           .
           Learning
           will
           be
           advanced
           ,
           and
           the
           Learned
           promoted
           according
           to
           their
           merit
           and
           desert
           :
           without
           this
           ,
           no
           Kingdom
           can
           stand
           ;
           take
           away
           the
           Pen
           ,
           and
           the
           Pike
           will
           be
           unnecessary
           .
           'T
           was
           the
           Saying
           of
           a
           potent
           Monarch
           ,
           That
           ,
           
             He
             received
             more
             benefit
             from
             his
             dead
             ,
             then
             living
             Counsellours
             ;
          
           intimating
           thereby
           ,
           that
           his
           Library
           did
           afford
           him
           better
           Counsel
           then
           his
           Senate
           .
           Learning
           and
           Senators
           ,
           like
           
             Hippocrates
          
           his
           Twins
           ,
           are
           inseparable
           ;
           they
           cannot
           dwell
           asunder
           ;
           especially
           in
           such
           a
           one
           as
           is
           here
           described
           .
           And
           though
           I
           am
           sufficiently
           sensible
           ,
           that
           a
           discourse
           of
           those
           Qualities
           that
           are
           required
           in
           a
           Perfect
           Politician
           ,
           is
           ,
           not
           onely
           
           a
           work
           of
           great
           Importance
           ,
           but
           attended
           by
           a
           Troop
           of
           opposing
           Difficulties
           :
           Yet
           I
           have
           endeavored
           to
           display
           the
           Ancient
           Government
           of
           the
           most
           famous
           Kingdoms
           ,
           Republiques
           and
           States
           Popular
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Statutes
           ,
           Laws
           and
           Customs
           of
           the
           most
           potent
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           prudent
           Monarchs
           .
           And
           my
           hope
           is
           ,
           (
           though
           my
           imbecility
           can
           lay
           no
           claim
           to
           merit
           )
           that
           my
           earnest
           desire
           to
           promote
           the
           publick
           good
           ,
           will
           plead
           my
           excuse
           ;
           and
           I
           am
           confident
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           person
           that
           is
           unprejudiced
           ,
           if
           commonly
           courteous
           ,
           but
           will
           accept
           of
           my
           humble
           Devoirs
           ;
           which
           is
           the
           very
           highth
           of
           the
           Authors
           Desires
           ;
           who
           at
           this
           present
           hath
           no
           more
           to
           say
           ,
           but
           bid
           thee
           ,
           Reader
           ,
        
         
           Farewel
           ,
        
         
           
             J.
             G.
             
          
        
      
       
       
         
           The
           Table
           .
        
         
           
             The
             First
             BOOK
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             1.
             
          
           
             OF
             Senators
             in
             General
             ,
             their
             Original
             and
             Necessity
             .
             
               pag.
               1
            
          
           
             Chap.
             2.
             
          
           
             Of
             the
             diversity
             of
             Man's
             nature
             in
             general
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             Parentage
             and
             Education
             of
             a
             Senator
             in
             particular
             .
             
               p.
               13
            
          
           
             Chap.
             3.
             
          
           
             The
             knowledge
             of
             Arts
             and
             Sciences
             required
             in
             Senators
             ;
             and
             particularly
             ,
             that
             of
             Philosophy
             .
             
               p.
               32
            
          
           
             Chap.
             4.
             
          
           
             Of
             Eloquence
             ,
             Clemency
             ,
             Piety
             ,
             and
             other
             Vertues
             necessary
             to
             the
             accomplishment
             of
             a
             Senator
             .
             
               p.
               47
            
          
           
             Chap.
             5.
             
          
           
             Of
             Justice
             and
             her
             concomitants
             ,
             which
             our
             Senator
             ought
             to
             be
             adorned
             with
             .
             
               p.
               78
            
          
           
             Chap.
             6.
             
          
           
             Of
             Fortitude
             and
             her
             Concomitants
             ,
             as
             Magnanimity
             ,
             Constancy
             ,
             Patience
             ,
             Confidence
             ,
             
               &c.
               p.
               113
            
          
           
           
             Chap.
             7.
             
          
           
             Of
             Travel
             ;
             the
             Age
             ,
             Gravity
             ,
             and
             Election
             of
             our
             Senator
             .
             
               pag.
               136
            
          
        
         
           
             The
             Second
             BOOK
             .
          
           
             Chap.
             1.
             
          
           
             OF
             Kings
             and
             their
             Prerogative
             .
             
               pag.
               157
            
          
           
             Chap.
             2.
             
          
           
             Of
             the
             division
             of
             Commonweals
             and
             Kingdoms
             .
             
               pag.
               170
            
          
           
             Chap.
             3.
             
          
           
             Wherein
             is
             contained
             the
             various
             Forms
             of
             the
             most
             renowned
             and
             famous
             Commonweals
             and
             Kingdoms
             in
             the
             World
             .
             
               pag.
               186
            
          
           
             Chap.
             4.
             
          
           
             The
             New-fangled
             Model
             of
             Modern
             Policy
             ,
             being
             of
             three
             sorts
             ,
             a
             Protectordom
             ,
             a
             Committeedom
             ,
             and
             a
             Rumpdom
             ;
             and
             first
             of
             the
             Protectordom
             .
             
               pag.
               198
            
          
           
             Chap.
             5.
             
          
           
             Of
             a
             Committeedom
             .
             
               pag.
               206
            
          
           
             Chap.
             6.
             
          
           
             Of
             a
             Rumpdom
             .
             
               pag.
               211
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
       
         
           THE
           Sage
           Senator
           .
        
         
           
             BOOK
             I.
             
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               
            
             
               Of
               Senators
               in
               General
               ,
               their
               Original
               and
               Necessity
               .
            
             
               HE
               that
               sweateth
               in
               the
               pursuit
               of
               those
               studies
               that
               conduce
               to
               private
               recreation
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               publike
               emolument
               ,
               personates
               and
               represents
               a
               grave
               wise
               man
               ;
               and
               merits
               the
               general
               applause
               of
               all
               persons
               :
               For
               ,
               
               
                 Omne
                 tulit
                 punctum
                 ,
                 qui
                 miscuit
                 util●
                 dulci
                 .
              
               And
               (
               if
               I
               may
               be
               a
               competent
               Judge
               )
               there
               is
               no
               Science
               accompanied
               with
               more
               delight
               to
               the
               Student
               ,
               or
               benefit
               to
               the
               Commonwealth
               into
               which
               he
               is
               incorporated
               ,
               than
               that
               of
               Government
               :
               wherefore
               being
               sufficiently
               convinced
               ,
               that
               all
               the
               transactions
               of
               a
               well-regulated
               State
               are
               managed
               by
               solid
               reason
               ,
               mature
               deliberation
               ,
               and
               sound
               judgement
               ,
               not
               by
               wavering
               opinion
               ,
               uncertain
               fate
               ,
               or
               fantastique
               fortune
               ;
               I
               have
               made
               the
               original
               of
               Senators
               ,
               their
               duty
               ,
               dignity
               ,
               internal
               and
               external
               qualifications
               ,
               the
               Theme
               on
               which
               I
               intend
               to
               expatiate
               in
               general
               in
               this
               first
               Book
               :
               But
               more
               particularly
               in
               this
               Chapter
               ,
               of
               the
               original
               cause
               of
               their
               institution
               or
               creation
               .
               For
               the
               performance
               of
               that
               task
               which
               I
               have
               voluntarily
               imposed
               upon
               my self
               ,
               I
               have
               dived
               into
               the
               depth
               of
               civil
               knowledge
               ,
               and
               pried
               into
               the
               
                 Arcana
              
               of
               Philosophy
               ;
               collecting
               whatsoever
               hath
               been
               related
               ,
               penned
               ,
               or
               experimentally
               known
               heretofore
               ,
               either
               by
               Academick
               Learning
               ,
               Parliaments
               in
               Commonweals
               ,
               Policy
               in
               Government
               ,
               or
               History
               .
            
             
             
               But
               to
               begin
               :
               Man
               ,
               the
               perfection
               of
               the
               Creation
               ,
               was
               not
               made
               a
               Citizen
               or
               Inhabitant
               of
               this
               World
               only
               ,
               but
               Lord
               Paramount
               over
               all
               Creatures
               that
               have
               a
               being
               within
               the
               compass
               of
               the
               terrestrial
               Globe
               :
               This
               authority
               and
               dignity
               was
               conferred
               upon
               him
               by
               the
               supreme
               Governour
               of
               Heaven
               and
               earth
               ,
               who
               hath
               descended
               so
               far
               below
               his
               sacred
               Self
               ,
               as
               to
               make
               him
               his
               Co-partner
               in
               Government
               ,
               adorning
               him
               with
               divine
               understanding
               ;
               to
               the
               intent
               ,
               that
               the
               Scepter
               of
               this
               terrene
               Empire
               may
               be
               swayed
               by
               his
               Reason
               and
               Counsel
               .
               The
               cause
               of
               this
               co-union
               of
               Government
               between
               God
               and
               Man
               ,
               proceeds
               from
               Reason
               ;
               which
               being
               perfect
               ,
               makes
               Man
               capable
               of
               imitating
               Almightiness
               ;
               so
               that
               it
               appears
               ,
               there
               is
               a
               kind
               of
               near
               alliance
               or
               consanguinity
               between
               the
               Creator
               and
               the
               Creature
               ,
               who
               sometimes
               is
               made
               God's
               Vicegerent
               upon
               earth
               :
               yet
               without
               divine
               assistance
               ,
               no
               reason
               or
               counsel
               can
               be
               termed
               good
               ,
               or
               perfect
               :
               For
               ,
               the
               seed
               of
               this
               glimmering
               resemblance
               of
               a
               Deity
               planted
               in
               Man
               ,
               if
               it
               light
               on
               fertile
               ground
               ,
               and
               that
               happen
               to
               meet
               with
               good
               culture
               ,
               produceth
               a
               crop
               according
               to
               the
               expectation
               of
               the
               Coelestial
               Planter
               ;
               otherwise
               ,
               it
               is
               like
               corn
               
               cast
               into
               a
               barren
               soyl
               ;
               whose
               product
               is
               nothing
               but
               brambles
               ,
               thorns
               ,
               or
               thistles
               .
               Thus
               then
               Man
               being
               reduced
               to
               a
               sense
               or
               feeling
               of
               those
               sparks
               of
               divinity
               that
               lie
               latent
               in
               him
               ,
               should
               be
               wrought
               to
               a
               perswasion
               ,
               that
               he
               hath
               the
               Character
               or
               
                 Idaea
              
               of
               a
               Deity
               in
               his
               mind
               ;
               the
               impression
               of
               the
               Creator's
               holy
               Image
               stamped
               on
               his
               soul
               ;
               and
               ought
               thereupon
               to
               be
               so
               industrious
               in
               the
               employment
               of
               his
               talent
               ,
               and
               the
               management
               of
               his
               affairs
               ,
               that
               his
               actions
               may
               speak
               him
               worthy
               ,
               in
               some
               sense
               ,
               of
               so
               heavenly
               a
               favour
               bestowed
               on
               him
               .
               Yet
               ,
               though
               he
               be
               made
               God's
               associate
               (
               as
               it
               were
               )
               he
               must
               return
               him
               the
               glory
               ,
               to
               whom
               it
               properly
               and
               primarily
               belongs
               ;
               and
               acknowledge
               all
               authority
               to
               flow
               from
               him
               ,
               as
               from
               the
               Fountain
               :
               For
               ,
               as
               brute
               Animals
               are
               not
               governed
               by
               Animals
               ,
               but
               by
               an
               Herdsman
               ;
               no
               more
               can
               Man
               rule
               or
               govern
               Man
               ,
               without
               the
               assistance
               and
               protection
               of
               Providence
               divine
               .
               And
               should
               any
               man
               be
               so
               sordidly
               ignorant
               ,
               or
               atheistically
               prophane
               ,
               as
               to
               undertake
               the
               Government
               of
               any
               Country
               or
               Nation
               ,
               without
               divine
               knowledge
               or
               assistance
               ;
               it
               must
               necessarily
               follow
               ,
               that
               that
               State
               ,
               Common-wealth
               ,
               or
               Kingdom
               ,
               and
               every
               Member
               
               thereof
               ,
               be
               implunged
               into
               an
               Ocean
               of
               misery
               and
               infelicity
               :
               For
               ,
               it
               is
               in
               vain
               to
               build
               upon
               the
               imagined
               welfare
               of
               a
               State
               ,
               or
               Kingdom
               ,
               if
               God
               be
               not
               the
               Protector
               and
               Patron
               thereof
               .
               It
               is
               then
               as
               conspicuous
               as
               the
               Meridian
               Sun
               ,
               that
               all
               vertue
               ,
               wisdom
               and
               goodness
               owes
               its
               original
               to
               God
               ;
               which
               did
               instigate
               the
               purblind
               ,
               or
               rather
               pure-blind
               Heathen
               ,
               that
               had
               only
               the
               rush-candle
               of
               Nature
               ,
               to
               consecrate
               publike
               Temples
               to
               Vertue
               ,
               Faith
               ,
               Concord
               ,
               Wisdom
               ,
               Peace
               ,
               
                 &c.
                 
              
               And
               if
               
                 Ovid
              
               the
               Ethnick
               durst
               be
               so
               bold
               ,
               well
               may
               we
               then
               
                 à
                 fortiori
              
               affirm
               ,
               and
               maintain
               ,
               
                 
                   Est
                   Deus
                   in
                   nobis
                   ,
                   agitante
                   calescimus
                   illo
                   ;
                
                 
                   Spiritus
                   hic
                   sacrae
                   lumina
                   mentis
                   habet
                   .
                
              
            
             
               It
               is
               therefore
               our
               duty
               to
               endeavour
               the
               deserving
               a
               more
               noble
               title
               than
               that
               of
               meer
               Man
               ,
               and
               strenuously
               to
               labour
               in
               the
               pursuit
               of
               Understanding
               ,
               that
               flies
               a
               higher
               pitch
               ,
               than
               either
               humanity
               or
               morality
               dare
               aspire
               unto
               ;
               that
               so
               ,
               if
               possible
               ,
               we
               may
               surpass
               all
               our
               Ancestors
               ,
               and
               live
               according
               to
               the
               dictates
               of
               that
               which
               hath
               the
               greatest
               supremacy
               in
               us
               ,
               
                 viz.
              
               Reason
               ;
               by
               vertue
               whereof
               ,
               we
               are
               made
               sensible
               
               of
               a
               Deity
               ,
               know
               how
               to
               exercise
               Vertu●…
               ,
               embrace
               that
               which
               is
               good
               ,
               and
               avoid
               what
               is
               evill
               :
               this
               is
               that
               which
               endows
               a
               man
               with
               the
               qualifications
               of
               Wisdom
               ,
               Valour
               ,
               and
               Justice
               ;
               by
               this
               we
               are
               able
               to
               discern
               ,
               that
               the
               terrestrial
               Globe
               is
               wheel'd
               about
               by
               divine
               wisdom
               ;
               it
               is
               this
               that
               makes
               a
               man
               Noble
               ,
               a
               
                 Hero
                 :
              
               which
               was
               the
               reason
               that
               the
               Lacedaemonians
               imposed
               the
               title
               of
               Gods
               upon
               those
               persons
               ,
               that
               were
               judged
               to
               move
               in
               the
               highest
               sphear
               of
               understanding
               ;
               
                 homines
                 de
                 meliore
                 luto
                 ;
              
               men
               of
               a
               more
               noble
               allay
               ,
               than
               dull
               mud-wall'd
               man
               can
               boast
               of
               :
               Nay
               ,
               
                 Homer
              
               deifies
               
                 Hector
              
               in
               this
               ensuing
               Distich
               :
               
                 
                   Non
                   hominis
                   certe
                   mortalis
                   filius
                   ille
                
                 
                   Esse
                   videtur
                   ,
                   sed
                   divino
                   semine
                   natus
                   .
                
              
               So
               that
               we
               may
               maintain
               (
               without
               being
               Paradoxical
               )
               that
               that
               man
               ,
               who
               is
               guided
               by
               solid
               reason
               in
               all
               his
               words
               and
               actions
               ,
               is
               
                 quasi
                 semi-deus
                 inter
                 mortales
                 ;
              
               a
               Demi-god
               among
               men
               .
            
             
               Now
               ,
               of
               such
               repute
               is
               a
               Sage
               Senator
               ,
               or
               grave
               Cousellor
               ;
               who
               hath
               reason
               for
               his
               Cynosure
               ,
               and
               wisdom
               his
               coadjutress
               in
               all
               undertakings
               .
               Such
               persons
               are
               so
               
               necessary
               in
               a
               Commonwealth
               ,
               that
               they
               can
               by
               no
               means
               be
               omitted
               or
               left
               out
               :
               For
               ,
               the
               King
               being
               but
               a
               single
               person
               ,
               cannot
               have
               an
               eye
               unto
               all
               the
               transactions
               of
               his
               Kingdom
               ;
               besides
               ,
               somtimes
               it
               happens
               ,
               that
               he
               is
               seduced
               from
               the
               conduct
               of
               reason
               ,
               by
               yeilding
               to
               his
               affections
               ,
               or
               slackning
               the
               reins
               of
               his
               appetite
               and
               licentiousness
               ;
               and
               the
               rude
               multitude
               ,
               being
               ignorant
               ,
               is
               altogether
               uncapable
               of
               that
               understanding
               ,
               or
               knowledge
               .
               Yet
               the
               Senate
               ,
               elected
               according
               to
               the
               Law
               of
               the
               Land
               ,
               and
               compacted
               or
               made
               up
               of
               vertuous
               ,
               sober
               ,
               grave
               ,
               discreet
               persons
               ,
               do
               from
               their
               place
               ,
               as
               from
               a
               
                 Pharos
                 ,
              
               or
               Watch-tower
               ,
               look
               about
               them
               ,
               and
               provide
               all
               things
               requisite
               for
               the
               discreet
               and
               well
               regulating
               of
               the
               State
               wherein
               they
               live
               ;
               preventing
               all
               mutinies
               ,
               seditions
               and
               dissentions
               that
               the
               rebellious
               rabble
               durst
               any
               waies
               attempt
               :
               Of
               such
               great
               use
               and
               necessity
               are
               they
               ,
               and
               that
               not
               only
               to
               the
               King
               ,
               but
               the
               people
               also
               ;
               like
               unto
               the
               vital
               part
               of
               mans
               soul
               ,
               which
               residing
               in
               the
               heart
               ,
               enliveneth
               and
               quickens
               that
               which
               partakes
               of
               Reason
               ,
               and
               is
               situated
               in
               the
               head
               :
               and
               a
               Monarch
               that
               is
               guided
               by
               the
               advice
               and
               counsel
               of
               a
               grave
               Senate
               ,
               rules
               his
               Kingdom
               prudently
               ,
               
               and
               governs
               it
               discreetly
               .
               For
               ,
               as
               reason
               in
               all
               her
               proceedings
               ,
               makes
               use
               of
               the
               service
               of
               the
               senses
               ;
               yet
               she
               alone
               determines
               ,
               and
               deserves
               the
               greatest
               honour
               and
               esteem
               :
               so
               a
               Prince
               ,
               though
               he
               admit
               of
               Counsel
               ,
               is
               to
               be
               judged
               the
               wisest
               ;
               and
               is
               uncontroulable
               in
               all
               his
               actions
               :
               for
               it
               is
               a
               Maxim
               among
               us
               ,
               that
               
                 The
                 King
                 can
                 do
                 no
                 wrong
                 .
              
               And
               as
               the
               hand
               distinguished
               into
               fingers
               is
               thereby
               strengthned
               ,
               and
               made
               the
               more
               apt
               to
               lay
               hold
               on
               any
               thing
               ;
               so
               he
               that
               governeth
               with
               the
               aid
               and
               assistance
               of
               Counsel
               ,
               shall
               manage
               all
               affairs
               with
               the
               greater
               consideration
               and
               prudence
               .
               Their
               original
               did
               proceed
               from
               the
               benefit
               that
               it
               was
               imagined
               would
               accrue
               to
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               whereof
               they
               were
               members
               ,
               by
               their
               counsel
               :
               And
               although
               they
               ,
               that
               first
               assembled
               men
               into
               Cities
               ,
               who
               before
               like
               Savages
               ,
               ranged
               over
               the
               woods
               ,
               and
               inhabited
               the
               desarts
               dispersedly
               ,
               without
               either
               Law
               or
               Order
               ,
               first
               gained
               the
               Title
               of
               Kings
               ;
               yet
               that
               course
               alone
               could
               not
               make
               them
               understand
               the
               dutiful
               Allegiance
               they
               owed
               unto
               their
               Soveraign
               :
               wherefore
               perceiving
               ,
               that
               when
               they
               were
               civilized
               ,
               and
               reduced
               from
               their
               brutality
               ,
               the
               authority
               of
               a
               single
               Person
               was
               not
               of
               sufficiency
               to
               curb
               
               and
               check
               them
               in
               the
               full
               career
               of
               their
               exorbitancies
               ,
               they
               judged
               it
               convenient
               to
               have
               assistance
               from
               serious
               and
               grave
               Counsellors
               :
               which
               we
               find
               performed
               by
               
                 Romulus
              
               the
               
                 Proto-basileus
                 ,
              
               or
               first
               King
               of
               the
               Romans
               ;
               who
               supposing
               the
               Government
               of
               a
               single
               Person
               without
               a
               Senate
               to
               be
               perilous
               and
               unsafe
               ,
               made
               a
               Convocation
               of
               100
               Senators
               ,
               who
               out
               of
               respect
               to
               their
               gray
               heads
               ,
               and
               grave
               understandings
               ,
               obtained
               the
               name
               of
               
                 Patres
                 .
                 Theopompus
              
               also
               ,
               King
               of
               
                 Sparta
                 ,
              
               trod
               the
               same
               path
               ;
               For
               ,
               he
               constituted
               the
               
                 Ephori
                 ,
              
               and
               invested
               them
               with
               eminent
               authority
               :
               whereat
               his
               wife
               being
               offended
               ,
               was
               so
               pragmatical
               as
               to
               tell
               him
               ,
               That
               he
               had
               derogated
               from
               his
               dignity
               ,
               and
               clipt
               the
               wing
               of
               his
               ensuing
               Posterity
               ,
               by
               diminishing
               their
               authority
               and
               supremacy
               :
               But
               he
               replied
               ,
               like
               himself
               ,
               That
               the
               Counsel
               and
               gravity
               of
               a
               Senate
               would
               fortifie
               his
               Kingdom
               ,
               and
               be
               instead
               of
               a
               Bulwark
               against
               the
               impious
               machinations
               and
               plots
               of
               rebellious
               Subjects
               .
               Whereby
               it
               is
               apparent
               ,
               that
               Monarchs
               first
               embraced
               Counsellors
               out
               of
               necessity
               :
               and
               all
               rational
               men
               are
               of
               opinion
               ,
               that
               those
               State-transactions
               are
               most
               firm
               and
               solid
               ,
               that
               are
               digested
               by
               the
               wisdome
               of
               a
               Parliament
               ,
               ere
               they
               come
               to
               a
               
               publike
               birth
               .
               Now
               ,
               I
               call
               that
               a
               Parliament
               ,
               or
               Senate
               ,
               which
               by
               Royal
               Authority
               ,
               and
               the
               general
               consent
               of
               the
               whole
               Nation
               ,
               is
               freely
               elected
               ,
               and
               constituted
               ,
               to
               advise
               and
               govern
               the
               State
               ;
               and
               consequently
               ,
               a
               Senator
               ,
               or
               Parliament-man
               ,
               is
               one
               lawfully
               chosen
               into
               the
               number
               of
               those
               that
               are
               authorized
               to
               sit
               at
               the
               helm
               ,
               and
               steer
               the
               Ship
               of
               State
               .
               And
               it
               hath
               ever
               been
               observed
               ,
               that
               they
               were
               alwaies
               the
               most
               grave
               ,
               discreet
               ,
               and
               noble
               sort
               of
               Subjects
               ;
               because
               there
               is
               no
               Society
               of
               Men
               ,
               or
               Nation
               ,
               how
               barbarous
               and
               brutish
               soever
               ,
               but
               will
               voluntarily
               and
               cordially
               consent
               ,
               that
               the
               Government
               should
               be
               imposed
               upon
               ,
               and
               rest
               in
               those
               persons
               that
               are
               vertuous
               ;
               and
               think
               it
               just
               and
               reasonable
               to
               obey
               them
               .
               Nor
               are
               there
               any
               so
               fit
               to
               govern
               ,
               as
               the
               ancient
               ,
               experienced
               ,
               which
               are
               usually
               chosen
               ;
               because
               others
               ,
               either
               through
               want
               of
               maturity
               or
               experience
               ,
               are
               usually
               withdrawn
               by
               their
               juvenile
               phancies
               ,
               and
               recreations
               ,
               from
               such
               serious
               places
               of
               authority
               :
               but
               a
               grave
               Counsellor
               is
               not
               disturbed
               or
               discomposed
               with
               extravagant
               affections
               ,
               transported
               by
               appetite
               ,
               or
               inveigled
               by
               youth
               ;
               but
               by
               Reason
               directed
               ,
               by
               Counsel
               fortified
               ,
               and
               by
               Age
               made
               perfect
               .
               And
               further
               ,
               
               Philosophers
               maintain
               ,
               that
               in
               all
               things
               there
               are
               three
               degrees
               ;
               Great
               ,
               Small
               ,
               and
               Indifferent
               :
               And
               that
               is
               judged
               the
               most
               perfect
               ,
               that
               participates
               of
               either
               ,
               and
               stands
               in
               an
               
                 Aequilibrium
              
               between
               two
               :
               Now
               ,
               the
               Senator
               standing
               as
               a
               mean
               or
               moderator
               between
               the
               King
               and
               People
               ,
               the
               Monarch
               and
               his
               Subjects
               ;
               may
               be
               the
               more
               intimately
               acquainted
               with
               the
               perfection
               of
               all
               things
               ;
               and
               study
               what
               is
               the
               Office
               of
               a
               King
               ,
               and
               the
               duty
               and
               Allegiance
               of
               a
               Subject
               ;
               with
               the
               Rights
               ,
               Properties
               ,
               Liberties
               ,
               and
               Laws
               appertaining
               to
               both
               ;
               and
               so
               advise
               them
               accordingly
               ;
               that
               the
               King
               may
               not
               turn
               tyrannical
               for
               want
               of
               Counsel
               ,
               nor
               the
               people
               transcend
               the
               bounds
               of
               a
               moderate
               becoming
               liberty
               :
               Therefore
               he
               must
               of
               necessity
               be
               a
               man
               of
               excellent
               endowments
               ,
               a
               clear
               intellect
               ,
               and
               a
               piercing
               understanding
               ,
               to
               dive
               into
               the
               intricacies
               of
               Government
               .
               
                 Scipio
              
               saith
               ,
               That
               as
               the
               end
               of
               Mariners
               ,
               and
               their
               laborious
               endeavours
               ,
               tends
               to
               a
               safe
               arrival
               into
               the
               intended
               Haven
               ;
               the
               Physicians
               skill
               and
               art
               is
               employed
               for
               the
               recovering
               and
               preserving
               health
               in
               his
               distempered
               Patients
               ;
               and
               the
               Captains
               valour
               levels
               at
               victory
               :
               So
               the
               happiness
               of
               Subjects
               ,
               their
               glory
               ,
               life
               ,
               and
               liberty
               
               should
               be
               the
               
                 summa
                 totalis
                 ,
              
               or
               chiefest
               end
               that
               our
               Counsellor
               should
               aime
               at
               ;
               all
               which
               he
               must
               labour
               to
               preserve
               ,
               maintain
               and
               augment
               ,
               by
               his
               industry
               and
               endeavour
               ,
               to
               the
               utmost
               extent
               of
               his
               ability
               ;
               and
               leave
               no
               stone
               unturned
               for
               the
               benefit
               of
               the
               Republick
               ,
               of
               which
               he
               is
               a
               Member
               .
               Nor
               is
               it
               my
               design
               here
               in
               this
               Treatise
               to
               broach
               any
               new-fangled
               opinion
               ,
               like
               those
               that
               are
               hatcht
               in
               the
               brains
               of
               our
               Phanatick
               Regicides
               ;
               or
               to
               phancie
               a
               
                 Chimaera
                 ,
              
               or
               make
               my
               brain
               the
               womb
               or
               
                 Idaea
              
               of
               an
               Utopian
               Counsellor
               ,
               that
               can
               only
               be
               imagined
               ,
               and
               not
               found
               
                 in
                 esse
              
               (
               as
               
                 Plato
              
               did
               in
               his
               Commonwealth
               ,
               and
               
                 Cicero
              
               in
               his
               Orator
               )
               but
               my
               discourse
               shall
               tend
               to
               ,
               and
               end
               in
               a
               relation
               and
               description
               of
               such
               Persons
               as
               have
               liv'd
               heretofore
               ,
               and
               
                 citra
                 omnis
                 controversiae
                 aleam
                 ,
              
               may
               be
               hereafter
               .
               And
               as
               divine
               
                 Plato
              
               composed
               ,
               and
               reduced
               all
               those
               things
               into
               order
               ,
               that
               might
               conduce
               to
               the
               felicity
               of
               his
               City
               ,
               or
               Republick
               ;
               the
               same
               course
               will
               we
               take
               in
               the
               Character
               of
               our
               Counsellor
               :
               wherefore
               perswade
               your self
               to
               be
               arrived
               at
               ,
               or
               come
               to
               some
               famous
               
                 Emporium
                 ,
              
               or
               
                 Piazza
                 ;
              
               whereunto
               all
               persons
               ,
               of
               all
               Nations
               ,
               Countries
               and
               Cities
               repair
               ;
               and
               we
               will
               disrobe
               every
               single
               person
               of
               some
               Vertue
               ,
               Law
               ,
               
               Custome
               ,
               or
               Qualification
               ,
               that
               shall
               seem
               most
               advantagious
               and
               beneficial
               to
               our
               enterprize
               ;
               and
               therewith
               make
               up
               our
               Sage
               Senator
               ,
               Grave
               Counsellor
               ,
               or
               Perfect
               Politician
               :
               that
               they
               ,
               who
               for
               the
               future
               are
               invested
               with
               such
               eminent
               dignity
               and
               authority
               ,
               may
               imitate
               our
               Senator
               ,
               and
               endeavour
               to
               be
               adorned
               with
               these
               ensuing
               qualifications
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               II.
               
            
             
               Of
               the
               diversity
               of
               Man's
               nature
               in
               general
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               Parentage
               and
               Education
               of
               a
               Senator
               in
               particular
               .
            
             
               THere
               is
               nothing
               more
               clear
               ,
               than
               that
               the
               Supreme
               Power
               ,
               among
               many
               other
               gifts
               ,
               hath
               conferr'd
               that
               of
               Reason
               upon
               Man
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               that
               by
               vertue
               thereof
               ,
               he
               may
               pry
               into
               the
               nature
               of
               Coelestial
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               Terrestrial
               bodies
               ;
               and
               thereby
               honour
               ,
               reverence
               ,
               and
               adore
               the
               Creator
               .
            
             
               Now
               ,
               he
               that
               is
               sensible
               of
               the
               gifts
               of
               God
               ,
               and
               the
               benefits
               of
               Nature
               ;
               and
               doth
               ,
               both
               by
               contemplation
               and
               action
               ,
               employ
               this
               supernatural
               gift
               ,
               slowly
               Apes
               the
               Deity
               ,
               
               and
               thereby
               resembles
               him
               ,
               as
               much
               as
               comes
               within
               the
               compass
               of
               mortality
               .
               But
               ,
               they
               that
               contrary
               to
               Nature
               ,
               and
               the
               end
               of
               their
               Creation
               ,
               indulge
               their
               genius
               ,
               delighting
               themselves
               in
               sensuality
               ,
               neglecting
               ,
               or
               totally
               deserting
               Reason
               ;
               
                 Facie
                 tantum
                 homines
                 sunt
                 ,
                 non
                 animo
                 :
              
               carry
               only
               the
               outward
               aspect
               or
               complexion
               of
               a
               Man
               ;
               because
               they
               are
               destitute
               of
               his
               more
               noble
               endowments
               .
            
             
               Hence
               ariseth
               the
               variety
               of
               mens
               natures
               and
               dispositions
               ,
               or
               rather
               conditions
               :
               for
               ,
               some
               are
               born
               Free
               ,
               Noble
               ,
               Wise
               ,
               and
               with
               an
               aptitude
               to
               govern
               ;
               others
               ,
               Vassals
               ,
               Rusticks
               ,
               Ideots
               ,
               predestinated
               to
               servitude
               and
               bondage
               :
               All
               Societies
               of
               men
               ,
               being
               willing
               and
               ready
               to
               submit
               to
               the
               Government
               of
               the
               more
               grave
               and
               wise
               ;
               promoting
               ,
               and
               accumulating
               honours
               on
               them
               ,
               and
               Offices
               ,
               with
               reverence
               and
               respect
               suitable
               to
               their
               deserving
               gravity
               and
               understanding
               .
            
             
               
                 Plato
              
               is
               of
               opinion
               ,
               that
               God
               in
               mans
               first
               Creation
               ,
               did
               by
               his
               omniscience
               so
               order
               it
               ,
               that
               in
               the
               generation
               of
               those
               that
               are
               destin'd
               and
               adapted
               to
               govern
               ,
               he
               hath
               distill'd
               some
               drams
               of
               gold
               in
               their
               composition
               ;
               and
               in
               them
               that
               are
               to
               assist
               Kings
               and
               Superiours
               by
               their
               deliberate
               
               counsel
               ,
               and
               mature
               advice
               ,
               silver
               ;
               but
               the
               Nature
               of
               Peasants
               and
               Mechanicks
               is
               tempered
               with
               Brass
               and
               Iron
               .
               Which
               similitude
               the
               Philosopher
               extends
               to
               the
               manners
               ,
               nature
               ,
               and
               capacitie
               of
               man
               .
            
             
               For
               ,
               although
               every
               man
               naturally
               desireth
               ,
               that
               the
               issue
               of
               his
               loyns
               may
               resemble
               him
               ;
               yet
               sometimes
               ,
               though
               seldom
               ,
               it
               happens
               contrary
               to
               his
               expectation
               :
               for
               Gold
               sometimes
               produceth
               Silver
               ,
               a
               more
               inferiour
               metal
               .
               Therefore
               it
               is
               requisite
               ,
               that
               a
               Prince
               should
               be
               capable
               of
               understanding
               the
               natural
               disposition
               and
               inclination
               of
               his
               Royal
               Off-spring
               ,
               that
               their
               Iron
               may
               be
               converted
               into
               the
               Gold
               of
               a
               more
               noble
               disposition
               :
               but
               ,
               if
               neither
               good
               Education
               ,
               Documents
               nor
               Precepts
               can
               operate
               upon
               their
               inclinations
               ,
               so
               as
               to
               cause
               a
               Metamorphosis
               ,
               or
               Transmutation
               ;
               the
               Government
               must
               be
               transferr'd
               to
               those
               ,
               whose
               wisdome
               renders
               them
               more
               capable
               .
               For
               ,
               it
               hath
               been
               prognosticated
               ,
               and
               the
               event
               hath
               been
               experimentally
               known
               to
               succeed
               according
               to
               the
               Prediction
               ;
               That
               they
               that
               are
               ruled
               by
               ignorant
               ,
               mechanick
               Governours
               ,
               come
               to
               ruine
               ,
               destruction
               ,
               and
               confusion
               .
               To
               prevent
               all
               which
               misfortunes
               ,
               it
               is
               requisite
               ,
               that
               our
               Counsellor
               be
               a
               natural
               Subject
               of
               that
               place
               or
               
               Country
               where
               he
               governeth
               ;
               no
               forreigner
               :
               of
               the
               same
               Country
               ,
               because
               that
               birth
               and
               being
               do
               not
               only
               oblige
               ,
               but
               induce
               a
               man
               to
               believe
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               honourable
               ,
               just
               ,
               and
               requisite
               for
               him
               to
               spend
               his
               bloud
               in
               defence
               thereof
               ,
               when
               occasion
               is
               offered
               :
               
                 Dulce
                 &
                 decorum
                 est
                 pro
                 patria
                 mori
                 ;
              
               It
               is
               a
               sweet
               and
               comely
               thing
               to
               die
               for
               ones
               Country
               .
               And
               how
               can
               it
               be
               that
               any
               man
               ,
               of
               what
               constitution
               soever
               ,
               should
               not
               affect
               that
               place
               wherein
               his
               Parents
               ,
               Neighbours
               ,
               Friends
               ,
               and
               Allies
               reside
               ;
               and
               that
               Country
               to
               which
               he
               is
               indebted
               for
               his
               Life
               ,
               Name
               ,
               and
               Honour
               ,
               and
               every
               thing
               else
               that
               is
               either
               for
               delight
               or
               necessity
               ?
               
                 Non
                 nobis
                 enim
                 nati
                 sumus
              
               (
               saith
               the
               Orator
               )
               
                 sed
                 patriae
                 ;
              
               Our
               Country
               challengeth
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               us
               .
               And
               it
               is
               most
               certain
               ,
               that
               Nature
               hath
               so
               deeply
               rooted
               the
               affection
               to
               their
               native
               place
               in
               the
               mind
               of
               man
               ,
               that
               never
               was
               any
               good
               Subject
               timorous
               ,
               or
               unwilling
               to
               lay
               down
               his
               life
               ,
               and
               hazard
               his
               fortunes
               in
               her
               defence
               ,
               if
               necessity
               required
               .
               Nay
               ,
               it
               hath
               been
               so
               prevalent
               ,
               that
               the
               most
               impious
               and
               unnatural
               persons
               ,
               that
               endeavoured
               the
               subversion
               of
               the
               place
               of
               their
               nativity
               ,
               the
               very
               sight
               of
               their
               native
               soyl
               hath
               prevented
               their
               cruel
               
               enterprize
               .
               
                 Veturia
              
               did
               disswade
               her
               Son
               
                 Martius
              
               befieging
               
                 Rome
                 ,
              
               only
               by
               reducing
               to
               his
               memory
               the
               love
               and
               respect
               he
               ought
               to
               bear
               to
               his
               natural
               Country
               ;
               branding
               him
               with
               the
               name
               of
               impious
               and
               audacious
               ,
               for
               being
               so
               highly
               ambitious
               ,
               as
               to
               disturb
               the
               quiet
               of
               that
               City
               wherein
               he
               was
               begot
               and
               educated
               ;
               altogether
               unmindful
               of
               his
               Wife
               ,
               Children
               ,
               and
               friends
               that
               remained
               there
               .
               So
               notable
               was
               the
               piety
               of
               
                 Veturia
              
               to
               her
               Country
               ,
               and
               no
               less
               was
               that
               of
               her
               Son
               in
               forgiving
               it
               ;
               which
               had
               been
               somewhat
               ingrateful
               to
               him
               at
               that
               time
               ,
               through
               the
               cruelty
               of
               the
               Tribunes
               persecuting
               the
               Nobility
               .
               
                 Sertorius
              
               also
               entreated
               
                 Pompeius
              
               and
               
                 Metellus
              
               to
               endeavour
               the
               procurement
               of
               his
               revocation
               ;
               alledging
               ,
               that
               he
               took
               it
               for
               a
               greater
               piece
               of
               honour
               to
               have
               the
               name
               of
               an
               obscure
               Roman
               Citizen
               ,
               than
               that
               of
               Emperour
               in
               any
               other
               place
               of
               the
               habitable
               World
               .
               Well
               then
               might
               
                 Naso
              
               sing
               ,
               
                 
                   Nescio
                   qua
                   natale
                   solum
                   dulcedine
                   cunctas
                
                 
                   Dacit
                   ,
                   &
                   immemores
                   non
                   sinit
                   esse
                   sui
                   .
                
              
               The
               Obligation
               that
               devoteth
               and
               bindeth
               us
               to
               our
               Country
               ,
               is
               great
               ,
               upon
               this
               account
               ;
               
               because
               our
               goods
               ,
               persons
               and
               fortunes
               are
               therein
               contained
               .
               
                 Pythagoras
              
               (
               as
               it
               is
               reported
               by
               divine
               
                 Plato
                 )
              
               judged
               it
               a
               crime
               of
               as
               deep
               a
               dye
               ,
               to
               be
               guilty
               of
               ingratitude
               to
               the
               place
               of
               ones
               nativity
               ,
               as
               to
               ones
               own
               Mother
               ,
               to
               whom
               we
               are
               indebted
               for
               being
               :
               Nor
               can
               there
               be
               an
               offence
               so
               hainous
               ,
               but
               the
               affection
               to
               our
               native
               Country
               should
               allay
               and
               mitigate
               .
               Our
               Counsellor
               must
               be
               of
               natural
               birth
               :
               no
               Forreiner
               ;
               because
               their
               counsel
               or
               advice
               is
               thought
               and
               accounted
               suspicious
               and
               dangerous
               ;
               which
               was
               the
               reason
               that
               mov'd
               the
               
                 Athenians
              
               not
               only
               to
               exclude
               strangers
               from
               their
               Council
               ,
               but
               to
               drive
               them
               out
               of
               their
               Cities
               ,
               lest
               they
               should
               aspire
               at
               the
               dignity
               of
               Magistracy
               ,
               and
               instigate
               or
               work
               upon
               the
               minds
               of
               Citizens
               ,
               so
               as
               to
               perswade
               them
               to
               Innovation
               ;
               and
               so
               mutation
               of
               Laws
               ,
               Customs
               and
               manners
               might
               ensue
               ,
               and
               consequently
               Seditions
               and
               Rebellions
               .
               Which
               method
               the
               Venetians
               have
               diligently
               observed
               ;
               for
               ,
               it
               is
               their
               study
               and
               their
               whole
               industry
               ,
               to
               prevent
               their
               sitting
               among
               them
               in
               Council
               ,
               lest
               they
               intruding
               under
               a
               false
               name
               or
               title
               ,
               should
               arrive
               to
               dignity
               and
               eminency
               in
               the
               Republick
               .
               Besides
               ,
               it
               is
               requisite
               he
               be
               of
               the
               Nobility
               ;
               
               begotten
               of
               honest
               Parents
               ;
               because
               honest
               parents
               produce
               honest
               children
               ,
               for
               the
               most
               part
               .
               He
               must
               be
               of
               the
               number
               of
               noble
               and
               free
               Citizens
               ,
               who
               assumes
               his
               title
               from
               that
               Nobility
               that
               owes
               its
               original
               to
               Vertue
               ;
               which
               he
               may
               partly
               challenge
               as
               his
               own
               ,
               and
               partly
               as
               his
               Ancestors
               .
               They
               therefore
               that
               are
               nobilitated
               and
               adorned
               with
               their
               own
               peculiar
               vertues
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               with
               those
               of
               their
               Predecessors
               ,
               merit
               esteem
               ,
               preferment
               ,
               honour
               and
               fame
               ,
               above
               all
               others
               ,
               and
               are
               to
               be
               highly
               reverenced
               ;
               and
               the
               reason
               is
               ,
               because
               that
               Vertuous
               and
               good
               Parents
               ,
               have
               a
               generous
               ,
               good
               ,
               vertuous
               and
               noble
               Issue
               :
               according
               to
               the
               Lyrick
               Poet
               ,
               
                 
                   Fortes
                   fortibus
                   creantur
                   ,
                   &
                   bonis
                   ,
                
                 
                   Est
                   in
                   jumentis
                   ,
                   est
                   in
                   equis
                   Patrum
                
                 
                   Virtus
                   ,
                   nec
                   imbellem
                   feroces
                
                 
                   Progenerant
                   aquilae
                   columbam
                   .
                
              
               Now
               (
               as
               
                 Aristotle
              
               affirmeth
               )
               that
               person
               that
               comes
               of
               a
               noble
               race
               ,
               is
               the
               stem
               of
               a
               noble
               stock
               ,
               and
               hath
               the
               affluence
               of
               Fortune
               accompanied
               with
               Vertue
               ,
               hath
               arrived
               to
               the
               apex
               or
               perfection
               ,
               the
               very
               Quintessence
               of
               true
               Nobility
               .
               But
               ,
               because
               
               it
               is
               a
               rarity
               to
               find
               one
               person
               adorned
               with
               them
               all
               ;
               Vertue
               alone
               can
               by
               her
               own
               right
               and
               property
               
                 nobilitare
                 viros
                 .
              
               As
               for
               revenues
               ,
               large
               acres
               ,
               specious
               &
               spacious
               Mannors
               ,
               but
               no
               manners
               ,
               and
               the
               honour
               that
               we
               challenge
               from
               our
               Ancestors
               ,
               without
               vertue
               ,
               they
               are
               so
               far
               from
               being
               ornaments
               ,
               that
               they
               prove
               a
               disparagement
               and
               a
               stain
               to
               the
               Owner
               .
               Such
               persons
               render
               the
               name
               of
               their
               Predecessors
               obscure
               ;
               And
               through
               the
               vices
               of
               their
               Posterity
               ,
               are
               entombed
               in
               the
               grave
               of
               oblivion
               :
               Therefore
               it
               is
               better
               to
               ascend
               the
               top
               of
               Nobility
               by
               a
               man
               's
               own
               vertue
               (
               saith
               the
               fluent
               Orator
               )
               than
               to
               be
               reputed
               for
               the
               opinion
               conceived
               of
               his
               Ancestors
               ;
               because
               the
               Beginner
               of
               Nobility
               deserves
               most
               praise
               and
               applause
               .
               He
               that
               is
               the
               off-spring
               of
               a
               noble
               Family
               ,
               deserves
               honour
               and
               esteem
               undoubtedly
               ,
               with
               this
               proviso
               ,
               that
               he
               make
               it
               the
               Butt
               and
               End
               of
               his
               Endeavours
               and
               Industry
               ,
               to
               equal
               ,
               if
               not
               excel
               ,
               the
               Vertues
               of
               his
               Parents
               and
               Predecessors
               ,
               and
               to
               gain
               unto
               himself
               more
               vertuous
               and
               glorious
               Attributes
               .
               And
               infinitely
               are
               they
               to
               be
               commended
               that
               do
               so
               ;
               for
               they
               are
               so
               far
               from
               obscuring
               the
               Fame
               and
               Renown
               of
               their
               Fore-fathers
               ,
               that
               they
               add
               a
               most
               resplendent
               
               lustre
               :
               to
               it
               by
               their
               own
               vertue
               yet
               verdant
               and
               blossoming
               .
               The
               Law
               of
               the
               
                 Rhodians
              
               is
               worthy
               of
               commendation
               ;
               for
               they
               enacted
               ,
               that
               those
               children
               that
               did
               lead
               a
               debauched
               life
               ,
               not
               imitating
               the
               vertues
               of
               their
               Parents
               ,
               should
               be
               utterly
               disinherited
               ,
               and
               their
               Lands
               by
               a
               Deed
               of
               gift
               freely
               disposed
               of
               to
               the
               most
               vertuous
               of
               the
               Race
               or
               Family
               .
               It
               is
               an
               office
               of
               piety
               ,
               to
               leave
               unto
               Posterity
               a
               demonstration
               of
               our
               gratitude
               and
               thankfulness
               to
               our
               Ancestors
               ,
               whose
               heirs
               we
               are
               ,
               not
               only
               of
               their
               external
               substance
               ,
               (
               the
               goods
               of
               fortune
               ,
               I
               mean
               )
               but
               of
               their
               virtue
               ,
               glory
               ,
               and
               renown
               :
               which
               is
               the
               true
               inheritance
               ,
               and
               the
               best
               of
               all
               terrene
               possessions
               .
               For
               ,
               't
               is
               not
               a
               stately
               Building
               hung
               within
               with
               coats
               of
               Arms
               ,
               and
               badges
               of
               the
               honour
               of
               others
               ,
               nor
               the
               vast
               unmeasurable
               pieces
               of
               Land
               belonging
               thereunto
               ,
               but
               Vertue
               ,
               that
               Nobilitates
               ;
               As
               
                 Juvenal
              
               sings
               ,
               
                 
                   Tota
                   licet
                   veteres
                   exornent
                   undique
                   cerae
                
                 
                   Atria
                   ,
                   Nobilitas
                   sola
                   est
                   ,
                   atque
                   unica
                   virtus
                   .
                
              
               For
               ,
               wheresoever
               Vertue
               is
               resident
               ,
               it
               deserves
               more
               ample
               commendation
               than
               Fortune
               can
               lay
               claim
               to
               ,
               because
               she
               
               refuseth
               none
               ,
               but
               may
               be
               by
               every
               one
               embraced
               ;
               she
               dwels
               in
               the
               homely
               Peasants
               Cottage
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               in
               the
               Princes
               stately
               Palace
               ;
               and
               we
               find
               the
               Sun-bak'd
               Peasant
               adorn'd
               with
               russet-honesty
               ,
               when
               the
               gaudy
               fantastick
               Lord
               oft-times
               is
               so
               vitious
               ,
               that
               he
               is
               a
               stranger
               both
               to
               vertue
               and
               honesty
               .
               
                 Cleanthes
              
               was
               a
               poor
               water-drawer
               ;
               and
               ,
               though
               his
               outside
               might
               seem
               rough-hewn
               ,
               and
               he
               despicable
               and
               contemptible
               to
               one
               whose
               sight
               pries
               no
               farther
               than
               the
               external
               part
               :
               yet
               his
               mind
               was
               refin'd
               ,
               and
               his
               intellect
               ennobled
               with
               such
               faculties
               as
               will
               speak
               him
               Man
               ,
               to
               an
               understanding
               person
               ,
               maugre
               all
               the
               force
               and
               violence
               of
               Poverty
               or
               Fortune
               :
               Nor
               did
               Vertue
               find
               
                 Plato
              
               noble
               ,
               but
               made
               him
               so
               .
               And
               it
               is
               most
               certain
               ,
               that
               from
               Bondmen
               Kings
               have
               descended
               ,
               and
               the
               off-spring
               of
               Kings
               hath
               been
               enslaved
               :
               such
               revolutions
               ,
               long
               tract
               of
               time
               ,
               by
               the
               assistance
               of
               fickle
               fortune
               ,
               doth
               produce
               :
               for
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               Poet
               ,
               
                 
                   Si
                   fortuna
                   volet
                   ,
                   fies
                   de
                   Rhetore
                   Consul
                   ;
                
                 
                   Si
                   volet
                   haec
                   eadem
                   ,
                   fies
                   de
                   Consule
                   Rhetor
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Up
                   and
                   down
                   ,
                
                 
                   Kiss
                   and
                   frown
                   .
                
                 
                   Fortune
                   is
                   no
                   state
                   at
                   all
                   .
                
              
            
             
             
               Was
               not
               
                 Agathocles
              
               from
               a
               Potter
               advanced
               to
               the
               Throne
               ?
               What
               
                 Heroes
              
               were
               
                 Romulus
                 ,
                 Tullus
                 ,
                 Hostilius
                 ,
                 Tarquinius
                 Priscus
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               whole
               Race
               of
               the
               Romans
               ,
               more
               than
               others
               ?
               Of
               mean
               parentage
               all
               ,
               not
               
                 atavis
                 regibus
                 editi
                 .
              
               Hearken
               to
               
                 Juvenal
                 ,
              
               and
               he
               will
               give
               you
               the
               same
               information
               :
               
                 
                   Et
                   tamen
                   ut
                   longe
                   repetas
                   ,
                   longoque
                   revolvas
                   ,
                
                 
                   Nomen
                   ab
                   infami
                   gentum
                   deducis
                   Asylo
                   .
                
              
               Who
               therefore
               may
               be
               termed
               noble
               ?
               He
               that
               by
               nature
               is
               made
               vertuous
               ,
               and
               qualified
               or
               adorned
               with
               the
               attribute
               of
               wisdom
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               as
               the
               exercise
               of
               our
               qualities
               is
               various
               ,
               so
               are
               the
               degrees
               of
               Nobility
               .
               The
               Nobility
               of
               private
               persons
               ,
               that
               lead
               a
               contemplative
               life
               only
               ,
               may
               be
               called
               Philosophical
               Nobility
               ;
               but
               the
               same
               in
               those
               that
               gain
               glory
               and
               renown
               by
               their
               sage
               and
               wise
               Counsel
               in
               behalf
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               or
               that
               manifest
               themselves
               stout
               and
               valiant
               in
               managing
               war
               for
               the
               defence
               of
               their
               Country
               ,
               is
               termed
               Civil
               Nobility
               .
               The
               force
               and
               efficacy
               of
               this
               Nobility
               extends
               to
               Posterity
               ,
               and
               engraves
               or
               makes
               
                 monumentum
                 aere
                 perennius
                 ;
              
               That
               is
               ,
               armour
               of
               proof
               against
               the
               iron
               teeth
               of
               time
               ;
               
                 Quod
                 nec
              
               
               
                 Jovis
                 ira
                 ,
                 nec
                 ignis
                 ,
                 Nec
                 poterit
                 ferru●…
                 ,
                 nec
                 edax
                 abolere
                 vetustas
                 .
              
               By
               these
               ensigns
               of
               Fame
               and
               vertue
               ,
               men
               are
               stimulated
               and
               spurred
               on
               to
               imitate
               and
               exceed
               the
               vertue
               of
               all
               their
               Predecessors
               .
               And
               as
               in
               every
               Republick
               there
               are
               two
               kinds
               of
               Time
               ,
               the
               one
               of
               Peace
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               of
               War
               :
               so
               the
               Citizens
               are
               of
               two
               sorts
               ;
               the
               one
               fitted
               for
               Peace
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               adapted
               for
               War
               :
               The
               former
               by
               Arms
               doth
               enlarge
               the
               Territories
               and
               bounds
               of
               his
               native
               Country
               ,
               or
               at
               least
               defend
               them
               from
               the
               invasion
               of
               forraign
               enemies
               ;
               the
               other
               by
               wise
               counsel
               and
               grave
               advice
               doth
               rule
               and
               preserve
               it
               inviolable
               .
               Wherefore
               ,
               a
               Commonwealth
               should
               be
               composed
               of
               these
               two
               sorts
               of
               men
               :
               for
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               management
               and
               proceedings
               of
               State-affairs
               ,
               action
               followeth
               consultation
               ,
               and
               is
               inferior
               to
               it
               ;
               so
               those
               persons
               ,
               by
               whose
               mature
               counsel
               and
               deliberate
               advice
               the
               Commonwealth
               was
               quietly
               ,
               peaceably
               and
               discreetly
               governed
               ,
               were
               of
               greater
               esteem
               than
               those
               that
               enlarged
               the
               Confines
               thereof
               by
               War
               and
               Arms
               .
               
                 Homer
                 ,
              
               the
               Prince
               of
               Graecian
               Poets
               ,
               produceth
               
                 Agamemnon
                 ,
              
               saying
               ,
               He
               could
               sooner
               surprize
               and
               subjugate
               the
               City
               of
               
                 Troy
              
               by
               the
               advice
               of
               ten
               
                 Nestors
              
               or
               
                 Ulysses
                 ,
              
               than
               by
               the
               
               valour
               of
               twice
               as
               many
               
                 Ajaces
              
               or
               
                 Achilles
                 .
                 Pyrrhus
              
               likewise
               was
               heard
               to
               use
               this
               expression
               frequently
               ,
               That
               
                 Cineas
              
               by
               his
               eloquence
               had
               won
               more
               Cities
               ,
               than
               he
               with
               all
               his
               men
               of
               War
               had
               ever
               conquered
               .
               But
               ,
               he
               that
               excelleth
               in
               wisdom
               and
               martial
               knowledge
               ,
               deserves
               the
               Crown
               and
               honour
               above
               all
               :
               and
               though
               ,
               as
               we
               said
               before
               ,
               it
               is
               Vertue
               that
               makes
               a
               man
               Noble
               ,
               without
               the
               additional
               riches
               of
               Fortune
               ;
               yet
               it
               is
               requisite
               our
               Counsellor
               should
               be
               wealthy
               ;
               because
               thereby
               he
               may
               be
               able
               to
               supply
               his
               Country
               ,
               if
               compelled
               to
               wage
               war
               ;
               for
               money
               is
               the
               sinews
               and
               strength
               of
               war
               .
               But
               good
               education
               ,
               saith
               
                 Plato
                 ,
              
               is
               the
               basis
               and
               foundation
               of
               solid
               wisdom
               and
               prudence
               .
               It
               is
               therefore
               requisite
               ,
               that
               from
               their
               tender
               years
               they
               be
               instructed
               in
               all
               things
               that
               conduce
               to
               the
               accomplishment
               of
               man
               ,
               
                 è
                 cunabulis
                 ,
              
               as
               we
               say
               ,
               even
               from
               the
               cradle
               and
               swathing
               clouts
               ,
               for
               then
               are
               they
               most
               apt
               to
               imbibe
               and
               suck
               in
               the
               most
               wholesome
               Precepts
               that
               shall
               be
               exhibited
               unto
               them
               :
               for
               then
               
                 anima
                 est
                 quasi
                 tabula
                 rasa
                 ,
              
               like
               a
               blank
               or
               piece
               of
               clean
               white
               paper
               ,
               capable
               of
               any
               vertuous
               or
               noble
               impression
               .
               And
               as
               it
               behoveth
               a
               Republick
               to
               be
               stored
               with
               knowing
               Subjects
               ,
               so
               ought
               
               they
               to
               be
               diligent
               in
               their
               education
               ,
               and
               provide
               them
               good
               Tutors
               ,
               that
               may
               instruct
               them
               ,
               and
               chalk
               them
               out
               the
               way
               of
               Vertue
               .
               For
               ,
               as
               a
               good
               husbandman
               diligently
               pruneth
               his
               plants
               ,
               and
               loppeth
               off
               the
               superfluous
               branches
               ,
               when
               the
               season
               requires
               it
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               grow
               the
               faster
               ;
               so
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               that
               may
               justly
               be
               termed
               the
               Parent
               and
               housewise
               of
               Subjects
               ,
               ought
               to
               be
               extraordinary
               diligent
               to
               provide
               for
               the
               careful
               and
               vertuous
               education
               of
               youth
               ,
               by
               lopping
               off
               the
               superfluous
               branches
               of
               vice
               ,
               and
               engrafting
               them
               on
               the
               stock
               of
               Vertue
               .
               The
               
                 Lacedaemonians
              
               used
               to
               elect
               Magistrates
               out
               of
               the
               number
               of
               their
               grave
               ,
               wise
               and
               sober
               Citizens
               ,
               and
               call
               them
               publike
               Tutors
               ,
               which
               might
               serve
               to
               educate
               and
               train
               up
               their
               younglings
               ;
               and
               were
               alwaies
               reverenced
               by
               them
               ,
               being
               judged
               vertuous
               men
               in
               action
               ,
               and
               well
               skill'd
               in
               military
               discipline
               .
               And
               the
               ancient
               Romans
               were
               as
               strict
               and
               careful
               in
               this
               point
               of
               education
               ,
               as
               the
               Lacedaemonians
               .
               
                 Cato
              
               was
               so
               diligent
               in
               the
               nurture
               and
               education
               of
               his
               Son
               ,
               that
               he
               disdained
               not
               to
               receive
               him
               into
               his
               tuition
               ,
               and
               take
               him
               into
               his
               pupillage
               or
               guardianship
               as
               soon
               as
               ever
               ripeness
               of
               age
               had
               fitted
               him
               for
               instruction
               .
               
               And
               although
               at
               that
               very
               time
               he
               kept
               
                 Chilo
              
               the
               Grammarian
               ,
               and
               one
               excellent
               in
               that
               art
               ,
               in
               his
               house
               ,
               to
               instruct
               his
               Children
               ,
               yet
               he
               had
               not
               permission
               to
               correct
               them
               ,
               but
               that
               was
               left
               to
               the
               discretition
               of
               the
               Father
               .
               Besides
               ,
               he
               disdained
               to
               be
               engaged
               to
               a
               School-master
               for
               the
               instruction
               of
               his
               Children
               altogether
               ;
               wherefore
               he
               taught
               them
               the
               Laws
               ,
               manners
               and
               Customes
               of
               his
               own
               as
               well
               as
               other
               Nations
               ;
               as
               also
               ,
               how
               to
               dart
               ,
               handle
               his
               Arms
               ,
               swim
               ,
               (
               which
               was
               anciently
               much
               in
               esteem
               ;
               for
               ,
               
                 Aristotle
              
               when
               he
               would
               set
               forth
               an
               absolute
               
                 Dulman
              
               or
               
                 Ignaro
                 ,
              
               saith
               ,
               
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
              
               ,
               he
               could
               neither
               read
               nor
               swim
               ,
               )
               and
               to
               endure
               both
               heat
               and
               cold
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               be
               hardened
               and
               seasoned
               for
               any
               enterprize
               .
               Besides
               ,
               he
               penn'd
               a
               History
               with
               his
               own
               hands
               ,
               and
               committed
               it
               to
               the
               perusal
               of
               his
               Son
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               therein
               see
               and
               understand
               the
               heroick
               deeds
               and
               actions
               of
               his
               Ancestors
               ,
               and
               be
               instructed
               in
               the
               art
               of
               Government
               .
               He
               never
               spake
               any
               unclean
               or
               passionate
               word
               before
               his
               Son
               ,
               but
               was
               as
               circumspect
               in
               his
               language
               ,
               as
               if
               the
               Vestal
               Virgins
               or
               Priests
               were
               in
               presence
               ;
               observing
               that
               ancient
               rule
               ,
               
               
                 
                   Nil
                   dicta
                   foedum
                   ,
                   factuve
                   haec
                   ●●…ina
                   tangat
                
                 
                   Intra
                   quae
                   puer
                   est
                   —
                   —
                
              
               And
               this
               was
               the
               oeconomique
               or
               domestique
               discipline
               of
               
                 Cato
                 ,
              
               and
               of
               the
               major
               part
               of
               the
               Romans
               ,
               especially
               of
               the
               better
               sort
               ,
               in
               the
               education
               of
               their
               Children
               .
               In
               like
               manner
               the
               Philosophers
               of
               
                 Greece
              
               composed
               plaies
               for
               the
               instruction
               of
               youth
               ;
               which
               is
               preserved
               to
               this
               very
               day
               among
               us
               ,
               (
               though
               that
               custome
               for
               some
               years
               was
               almost
               obsolete
               and
               out
               of
               request
               .
               )
               Nor
               were
               they
               only
               capable
               of
               indoctrinating
               ,
               or
               laying
               down
               the
               tenets
               that
               are
               necessary
               to
               a
               happy
               and
               good
               life
               ,
               but
               they
               were
               of
               ability
               to
               instruct
               in
               the
               Laws
               and
               manner
               of
               Government
               :
               Yea
               ,
               this
               our
               present
               Age
               hath
               some
               Seminaries
               of
               Learning
               and
               Vertue
               (
               according
               to
               the
               Graecian
               custome
               )
               the
               Universities
               of
               
                 Cambridge
              
               and
               
                 Oxford
                 ,
              
               (
               though
               lately
               ready
               to
               expire
               ,
               and
               almost
               demolished
               by
               the
               Phanaticks
               ,
               who
               hated
               all
               book-learning
               (
               as
               they
               term
               it
               )
               because
               their
               crimes
               were
               so
               hainous
               ,
               that
               they
               went
               beyond
               the
               mercy
               of
               the
               book
               .
               )
               Hither
               Youth
               might
               resort
               ,
               as
               unto
               a
               Harvest
               of
               Science
               and
               Knowledge
               ,
               and
               might
               reap
               a
               crop
               of
               Vertue
               and
               
               good
               Discipline
               .
               But
               it
               were
               to
               be
               wish'd
               ,
               that
               the
               Doctors
               and
               Tutors
               in
               our
               Universities
               would
               instruct
               their
               Pupils
               in
               the
               art
               of
               living
               ,
               and
               not
               disputing
               well
               altogether
               ,
               (
               for
               ,
               so
               might
               they
               deserve
               preferment
               from
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               and
               commendation
               from
               all
               solid
               persons
               ,
               )
               and
               not
               take
               more
               delight
               in
               hearing
               a
               Praevaricator
               or
               Jester
               ,
               than
               a
               solid
               Philosopher
               .
               In
               ancient
               times
               ,
               Philosophers
               enjoyned
               their
               Pupils
               silence
               ,
               and
               taught
               it
               also
               ;
               but
               our
               modern
               wits
               teach
               them
               only
               to
               talk
               or
               discourse
               ;
               which
               is
               the
               reason
               the
               Nation
               is
               filled
               with
               so
               many
               worded
               Orators
               ,
               and
               prating
               Philosophers
               .
               They
               endeavor
               not
               ,
               
                 nunc
                 di●rum
                 ,
                 ▪
              
               to
               refine
               the
               understanding
               ,
               but
               to
               cloath
               the
               tongue
               with
               frothy
               language
               ;
               and
               are
               applauded
               for
               altercation
               and
               strength
               of
               wit
               in
               their
               publike
               arguments
               ,
               but
               not
               for
               modesty
               or
               solid
               wisdom
               :
               yet
               there
               is
               hope
               of
               a
               reformation
               in
               these
               Schools
               of
               Learning
               ,
               when
               those
               loyal
               Spirits
               ,
               that
               for
               their
               Allegiance
               to
               their
               Soveraign
               were
               dismissed
               ,
               are
               re-instated
               .
               The
               ancient
               Graecian
               Academies
               were
               the
               Nurseries
               of
               Commonweals
               ;
               and
               out
               of
               them
               (
               as
               from
               the
               Trojan
               Horse
               )
               issued
               most
               excellent
               Monarchs
               ,
               stout
               Captains
               ,
               and
               wife
               Governors
               .
               
               
                 Alexander
              
               and
               
                 Scipio
                 ,
              
               with
               whose
               Fame
               the
               whole
               World
               hath
               ecchoed
               ,
               had
               their
               primitive
               education
               in
               Schools
               of
               Literature
               ;
               and
               many
               others
               ,
               which
               I
               omit
               .
               Thus
               it
               is
               apparent
               ,
               that
               men
               ought
               to
               be
               trained
               up
               in
               Schools
               ,
               that
               so
               they
               may
               be
               instructed
               in
               the
               Principles
               of
               Government
               :
               wherefore
               it
               ought
               to
               be
               the
               care
               of
               every
               State
               ,
               Republick
               and
               Kingdom
               ,
               that
               their
               Seminaries
               of
               Learning
               be
               as
               well
               furnished
               and
               stored
               with
               Vertues
               ,
               as
               the
               Citizens
               shops
               are
               with
               wares
               and
               commodities
               .
               Now
               then
               ,
               we
               see
               that
               good
               education
               is
               requisite
               ,
               and
               accomplisheth
               our
               Senator
               .
               Besides
               ,
               he
               must
               have
               an
               inclination
               to
               Vertue
               ;
               for
               if
               not
               ,
               his
               evill
               disposition
               will
               hardly
               be
               bettered
               by
               Philosophy
               :
               for
               ,
               the
               nature
               of
               man
               prompts
               him
               to
               evill
               ;
               and
               he
               finding
               himself
               strengthned
               with
               the
               Science
               of
               Philosophy
               ,
               is
               more
               expert
               ,
               and
               gains
               more
               skill
               to
               palliate
               and
               plead
               for
               his
               bad
               actions
               :
               for
               the
               best
               of
               Sciences
               possessed
               by
               a
               man
               of
               an
               evil
               dispostion
               ,
               is
               depraved
               ,
               and
               ,
               contrary
               to
               its
               own
               nature
               ,
               is
               a
               help
               to
               ,
               and
               promoter
               of
               evill
               counsel
               .
               So
               that
               it
               may
               be
               maintained
               ,
               that
               good
               instruction
               bestowed
               upon
               an
               evill
               nature
               ,
               is
               oftentimes
               ill
               employed
               ,
               and
               ineffectual
               .
               Though
               it
               is
               
               most
               certain
               ,
               that
               Education
               prevails
               much
               with
               tender
               years
               ,
               changing
               it
               from
               vice
               ,
               and
               molding
               it
               according
               to
               the
               form
               of
               Vertue
               .
               
                 Diogenes
              
               being
               demanded
               ,
               How
               a
               man
               might
               lead
               a
               peaceable
               and
               quiet
               life
               ;
               Replied
               ,
               first
               ,
               He
               must
               fear
               the
               Deity
               ,
               who
               is
               the
               Author
               of
               all
               felicity
               .
               Secondly
               ,
               He
               must
               bestow
               good
               education
               on
               his
               Children
               ,
               the
               want
               whereof
               makes
               them
               enemies
               ,
               and
               disrespectful
               to
               their
               aged
               Parents
               .
               Thirdly
               ,
               He
               must
               avoid
               ingratitude
               to
               his
               friends
               ,
               which
               of
               all
               crimes
               is
               the
               most
               odious
               and
               comprehensive
               ,
               containing
               within
               it self
               a
               whole
               bundle
               of
               offences
               .
               
                 Ingratum
                 dixeris
                 ,
                 &
                 omnia
                 dixeris
                 .
              
               Mention
               but
               Ingratitude
               ,
               and
               you
               have
               epitomized
               all
               sins
               in
               a
               word
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               it
               is
               necessary
               that
               Children
               be
               instructed
               in
               the
               rudiments
               of
               Grammar
               ,
               Rhetorick
               and
               Logick
               ,
               whereby
               they
               may
               understand
               the
               property
               of
               speech
               ,
               and
               the
               excellency
               thereof
               ,
               as
               also
               defend
               it
               by
               argumentation
               .
               Thus
               may
               he
               understand
               the
               Art
               of
               Eloquence
               ,
               which
               is
               perfected
               by
               use
               ,
               discourse
               ,
               and
               surveying
               the
               works
               of
               Poets
               and
               Orators
               ;
               and
               being
               thus
               instructed
               ,
               he
               will
               shake
               off
               those
               petty
               inconsiderable
               things
               that
               are
               understood
               by
               every
               mean
               capacity
               ,
               and
               take
               into
               consideration
               matters
               of
               
               greater
               weight
               and
               importance
               .
               And
               the
               mind
               ,
               beginning
               to
               know
               her self
               ,
               seeks
               after
               the
               true
               food
               and
               nourishment
               that
               will
               satisfie
               and
               content
               her
               ,
               which
               is
               Philosophy
               ;
               of
               which
               in
               this
               ensuing
               Chapter
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               
            
             
               The
               knowledge
               of
               Arts
               and
               Sciences
               required
               in
               Senators
               ;
               and
               particularly
               ,
               that
               of
               Philosophy
               .
            
             
               PHilosophy
               is
               the
               food
               and
               medicine
               of
               the
               mind
               ,
               affording
               it
               Vertue
               as
               Aliment
               ,
               and
               healing
               all
               sorts
               of
               maladies
               and
               disturbances
               that
               are
               incident
               thereunto
               ,
               making
               a
               perfect
               path-way
               to
               happiness
               .
               The
               reason
               is
               ,
               because
               that
               then
               the
               mind
               shaketh
               on
               the
               terrene
               incumbranees
               that
               usually
               clog
               the
               body
               ,
               and
               meditates
               upon
               things
               Divine
               and
               Coelestial
               .
               This
               knowledge
               of
               Philosophy
               is
               of
               two
               sorts
               ;
               the
               one
               consists
               in
               the
               subtilty
               of
               Nature
               ,
               and
               is
               subject
               to
               the
               universal
               contemplation
               of
               all
               men
               :
               The
               other
               demonstrateth
               and
               laies
               down
               the
               true
               institution
               of
               men
               and
               manners
               ,
               shewing
               how
               Republicks
               and
               Kingdoms
               ought
               to
               be
               regulated
               ,
               and
               
               private
               Families
               ordered
               .
               To
               the
               first
               these
               parts
               of
               Philosophy
               belong
               :
               Physicks
               or
               natural
               Philosophy
               ,
               Metaphysicks
               or
               Divinity
               ,
               and
               the
               Mathematicks
               ;
               and
               to
               the
               other
               ,
               Ethicks
               ,
               Politicks
               and
               Oeconomicks
               .
               Nor
               is
               the
               
                 finis
              
               or
               end
               of
               these
               two
               sorts
               of
               Philosophy
               altogether
               discrepant
               ,
               since
               they
               both
               tend
               to
               the
               perfection
               of
               man
               :
               yet
               in
               this
               they
               differ
               ,
               that
               the
               one
               endeavours
               it
               by
               Contemplation
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               by
               Action
               ;
               the
               one
               by
               Theory
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               by
               Practice
               ;
               whereof
               a
               double
               felicity
               doth
               arise
               ,
               the
               one
               private
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               publike
               .
               Now
               ,
               those
               that
               place
               felicity
               in
               the
               exercise
               of
               vertue
               for
               the
               good
               of
               the
               Republick
               ,
               the
               more
               publike
               it
               be
               ,
               the
               more
               praise-worthy
               it
               is
               judged
               ;
               because
               a
               multitude
               receives
               benefit
               thereby
               ,
               and
               not
               one
               single
               person
               .
               Yet
               we
               are
               necessitated
               and
               compelled
               to
               confess
               ,
               that
               contemplation
               on
               felicity
               hath
               the
               pre-eminency
               ,
               because
               it
               instructs
               in
               the
               principal
               efficient
               causes
               of
               all
               things
               and
               transactions
               .
               God
               also
               without
               action
               ,
               by
               his
               perpetual
               and
               divine
               contemplation
               and
               prescience
               ,
               foreseeing
               all
               things
               ,
               doth
               by
               his
               own
               example
               move
               Philosophers
               to
               prefer
               divine
               contemplation
               before
               all
               humane
               action
               and
               felicity
               .
               That
               Philosophy
               
               is
               necessary
               in
               a
               Senator
               ,
               for
               the
               more
               secure
               management
               of
               State-affairs
               ,
               will
               appear
               by
               what
               follows
               .
               Philosophy
               is
               the
               eternal
               ,
               immortal
               gift
               of
               the
               Creator
               ,
               instructing
               us
               in
               the
               knowledge
               of
               all
               things
               both
               divine
               and
               humane
               ;
               as
               also
               the
               nature
               of
               vertue
               and
               vice
               :
               so
               that
               he
               that
               (
               as
               in
               a
               glass
               )
               peeps
               therein
               ,
               and
               then
               considers
               and
               meditates
               upon
               it
               ,
               shall
               see
               the
               forms
               ,
               
                 Idaea's
              
               and
               Images
               of
               all
               things
               ;
               and
               perceive
               a
               resemblance
               or
               representation
               both
               of
               body
               and
               mind
               .
               It
               was
               not
               therefore
               without
               cause
               styled
               by
               fluent
               
                 Cicero
                 ,
              
               Universal
               knowledge
               ,
               the
               conduct
               of
               life
               ,
               the
               searcher
               of
               vertue
               ,
               the
               expeller
               of
               vice
               ,
               and
               the
               
                 Panacea
                 ,
              
               or
               health
               of
               the
               Soul
               .
               For
               indeed
               ,
               there
               is
               nothing
               in
               the
               world
               to
               be
               thought
               or
               acted
               ,
               either
               in
               Court
               or
               Council
               ,
               of
               great
               or
               small
               importance
               ,
               but
               proceeds
               from
               Philosophy
               ,
               as
               the
               Nurse
               of
               all
               consultations
               ,
               actions
               ,
               and
               resolutions
               :
               which
               if
               you
               make
               your
               rule
               to
               walk
               by
               ,
               all
               your
               words
               and
               actions
               will
               be
               judged
               sober
               ,
               wise
               ,
               discreet
               ,
               and
               in
               all
               respects
               perfect
               ,
               as
               far
               as
               man
               can
               be
               .
               For
               ,
               in
               what
               Country
               soever
               the
               People
               have
               a
               Philosopher
               to
               their
               Prince
               ,
               or
               one
               that
               is
               counselled
               by
               Philosophers
               ;
               war
               ,
               discord
               ,
               or
               rebellion
               is
               seldome
               found
               .
               But
               ,
               methinks
               I
               
               hear
               some
               Phanatick
               lay
               this
               Objection
               in
               my
               way
               ,
               as
               a
               stumbling-block
               to
               my
               proceedings
               .
               Dost
               thou
               imagine
               ,
               Sir
               Philosopher
               (
               that
               's
               as
               good
               as
               Mr
               Doctor
               ,
               an
               usual
               phrase
               among
               them
               )
               that
               the
               felicity
               of
               Kingdoms
               and
               Republicks
               ,
               or
               the
               wisdom
               of
               Kings
               and
               Governours
               proceeds
               from
               thy
               lazy
               idle
               discipline
               ?
               (
               Rash
               ,
               illiterate
               fellows
               ,
               they
               never
               consider
               that
               the
               sweat
               of
               the
               brains
               is
               greater
               than
               the
               sweat
               of
               the
               brow
               )
               whenas
               that
               Art
               is
               but
               a
               meer
               juggling
               ,
               prating
               science
               ;
               not
               that
               knowledge
               whereby
               men
               arrive
               to
               their
               intended
               felicity
               .
               How
               canst
               thou
               be
               so
               impudent
               (
               the
               Omer
               of
               respect
               they
               afford
               to
               every
               one
               is
               Thou
               and
               Thee
               ;
               and
               if
               it
               lay
               in
               their
               power
               ,
               they
               would
               take
               away
               two
               as
               necessary
               Pronouns
               ,
               Thine
               and
               Mine
               )
               as
               to
               dare
               to
               infect
               the
               Kingdom
               (
               Commonwealth
               ,
               I
               should
               have
               said
               ;
               for
               the
               name
               of
               King
               is
               enough
               to
               fright
               them
               into
               convulsion-fits
               )
               with
               that
               that
               will
               prove
               the
               ruine
               and
               destruction
               of
               it
               ?
               For
               ,
               as
               thou
               hast
               filled
               the
               Schools
               with
               debate
               and
               contention
               ,
               so
               wilt
               thou
               rend
               the
               state
               with
               divisions
               ;
               and
               though
               it
               may
               be
               argued
               out
               in
               the
               University
               without
               blows
               ,
               yet
               canst
               thou
               think
               ,
               that
               it
               will
               be
               determined
               in
               a
               Commonwealth
               without
               the
               
               effusion
               of
               bloud
               ?
               How
               shall
               the
               happiness
               of
               a
               Republick
               be
               maintained
               and
               preserved
               by
               Philosophers
               ,
               whose
               opinions
               carry
               so
               much
               variety
               ,
               dubiousness
               ,
               and
               diametrical
               opposition
               ?
               Which
               of
               all
               the
               Philosophical
               Sects
               shall
               our
               Common-wealth
               be
               guided
               by
               ;
               the
               Platonist
               ,
               Peripatetick
               ,
               Stoick
               ,
               Cynick
               ,
               or
               Epicure
               ?
               Now
               ,
               they
               that
               differ
               about
               the
               
                 summum
                 bonum
                 ,
              
               do
               they
               not
               dissent
               in
               the
               substance
               of
               Philosophy
               ?
               Therefore
               I
               am
               clearly
               of
               opinion
               ,
               That
               they
               who
               relie
               solely
               on
               Philosophy
               ,
               are
               rather
               to
               be
               excluded
               than
               admitted
               to
               govern
               in
               any
               State
               or
               Republick
               whatsoever
               .
               Is
               it
               consentaneous
               to
               reason
               ,
               that
               he
               should
               be
               a
               Legislator
               ,
               that
               approves
               of
               no
               Law
               ,
               but
               what
               is
               of
               his
               own
               prescription
               ,
               relying
               wholly
               upon
               his
               own
               reason
               ,
               or
               rather
               phancie
               and
               opinion
               ;
               conceiting
               all
               persons
               ,
               himself
               excepted
               ,
               brutish
               and
               irrational
               ?
               Is
               not
               this
               the
               humour
               and
               disposition
               of
               your
               philosophical
               crew
               ?
               Did
               
                 Diogenes
                 ,
                 Zeno
                 ,
              
               or
               
                 Epictetus
              
               ever
               deserve
               to
               sit
               at
               the
               Helm
               of
               State
               ?
               To
               which
               I
               reply
               ;
               There
               are
               two
               sorts
               of
               Philosophers
               whom
               I
               judge
               altogether
               unfit
               to
               govern
               :
               the
               first
               are
               they
               that
               have
               only
               had
               a
               smack
               of
               Philosophy
               ,
               so
               that
               the
               thirsting
               heat
               of
               their
               vitious
               
               desires
               and
               appetites
               is
               not
               quenched
               by
               vertue
               ;
               and
               they
               themselves
               lead
               lives
               quite
               contrary
               to
               the
               Precepts
               of
               Philosophy
               ,
               for
               want
               of
               good
               ground
               and
               solid
               foundation
               in
               that
               Science
               .
               Another
               sort
               of
               Philosophers
               there
               is
               ,
               quite
               contrary
               to
               the
               forementioned
               ,
               who
               having
               
                 à
                 tenera
                 aetate
                 ,
              
               from
               their
               very
               youth
               been
               conversant
               with
               Philosophers
               ,
               and
               studied
               Philosophy
               ,
               do
               waste
               away
               their
               daies
               in
               the
               contemplative
               part
               only
               :
               such
               kind
               of
               Philosophy
               ,
               which
               conduceth
               not
               to
               the
               emolument
               &
               benefit
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               or
               Kingdom
               ,
               is
               altogether
               improfitable
               .
               For
               ,
               albeit
               they
               be
               learned
               ,
               wise
               ,
               and
               have
               turned
               over
               most
               Authors
               ,
               and
               can
               give
               an
               account
               of
               all
               their
               Precepts
               and
               rules
               ;
               yet
               they
               applying
               their
               minds
               to
               contemplation
               ,
               not
               being
               experienced
               in
               civill
               affairs
               ,
               are
               unfit
               for
               Government
               .
               Now
               these
               contemplative
               Philosophers
               are
               justly
               called
               
                 Sapientes
                 ,
              
               but
               they
               are
               not
               
                 prudentes
                 ;
              
               as
               Geometricians
               ,
               Mathematicians
               ,
               and
               all
               the
               Society
               of
               natural
               Philosophers
               .
               In
               like
               manner
               
                 Diogenes
                 ,
                 Zenocrates
                 ,
                 Chrysippus
                 ,
                 Carneades
                 ,
                 Democritus
                 ,
                 Metrocles
                 ,
                 Aristippus
                 ,
                 Anaxagoras
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Thales
                 ,
              
               were
               wise
               men
               ,
               and
               of
               profound
               knowledge
               ;
               but
               not
               prudent
               ;
               because
               their
               manner
               of
               wisdom
               and
               Philosophy
               
               did
               prompt
               them
               to
               recreate
               and
               content
               themselves
               in
               obscure
               ,
               secret
               and
               hidden
               matters
               ,
               contrary
               to
               the
               nature
               of
               prudence
               :
               and
               though
               these
               Sciences
               in
               themselves
               are
               good
               and
               commendable
               ,
               yet
               are
               they
               impertinent
               and
               unprofitable
               to
               the
               State
               ,
               when
               kept
               close
               to
               themselves
               ,
               and
               not
               employed
               for
               the
               publick
               good
               .
               Now
               ,
               prudence
               consists
               in
               those
               things
               that
               require
               deliberation
               and
               counsel
               :
               yet
               ,
               if
               those
               contemplative
               Philosophers
               had
               not
               debarr'd
               themselves
               from
               humane
               Society
               and
               conversation
               ,
               but
               sought
               after
               employment
               in
               publike
               affairs
               ,
               as
               
                 Pericles
                 ,
                 Solon
                 ,
                 Lycurgus
                 ,
                 Plato
                 ,
                 Demosthenes
                 ,
                 Cato
                 ,
                 Cicero
                 ,
              
               and
               others
               did
               ,
               they
               had
               no
               doubt
               been
               men
               of
               incomparable
               wisdom
               and
               prudence
               ,
               which
               
                 Socrates
              
               (
               though
               herein
               he
               contradict
               
                 Aristotle
                 )
              
               styles
               the
               only
               vertue
               ;
               meaning
               (
               as
               I
               conceive
               ,
               with
               submission
               to
               more
               mature
               judgements
               )
               that
               no
               vertue
               can
               be
               or
               continue
               without
               it
               .
               
                 Bion
              
               was
               of
               opinion
               ,
               That
               Prudence
               did
               excel
               all
               other
               vertues
               ,
               as
               far
               as
               the
               sight
               doth
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               senses
               ;
               affirming
               that
               vertue
               to
               be
               as
               proper
               and
               frequent
               in
               old
               men
               ,
               as
               vigour
               and
               strength
               in
               those
               that
               are
               young
               .
               Wherefore
               it
               is
               requisite
               that
               our
               Senator
               be
               endued
               therewith
               ;
               for
               he
               can
               neither
               
               speak
               nor
               act
               any
               thing
               sutable
               to
               his
               age
               and
               gravity
               ,
               if
               he
               be
               not
               ,
               as
               with
               sauce
               ,
               seasoned
               therewith
               .
               The
               Latines
               call
               this
               vertue
               
                 Prudentia
                 ,
                 à
                 providendo
                 ,
              
               from
               foreseeing
               things
               to
               come
               ,
               disposing
               of
               those
               that
               are
               present
               ,
               and
               recollecting
               things
               past
               .
               For
               ,
               he
               that
               doth
               not
               ruminate
               on
               things
               past
               ,
               is
               altogether
               unmindful
               of
               his
               elapsed
               life
               ;
               and
               he
               that
               foresees
               not
               things
               future
               ,
               is
               subject
               to
               many
               perils
               ,
               and
               apt
               to
               be
               ensnared
               by
               every
               misfortune
               .
               Prudence
               (
               saith
               
                 Cicero
                 )
              
               is
               the
               knowledge
               of
               things
               good
               ,
               evill
               ,
               and
               indifferent
               ;
               consisting
               wholly
               in
               the
               choice
               of
               that
               which
               is
               to
               be
               embraced
               ,
               as
               also
               in
               that
               which
               is
               to
               be
               eschewed
               ,
               or
               carefully
               avoyded
               .
               And
               according
               to
               
                 Aristotle
                 ,
              
               it
               is
               a
               habit
               coupled
               with
               perfect
               reason
               ,
               apt
               for
               good
               action
               ,
               and
               exercised
               in
               those
               things
               which
               are
               either
               good
               or
               evil
               ,
               and
               may
               evene
               or
               happen
               to
               man
               during
               this
               life
               .
               Therefore
               contemplative
               wisdome
               differs
               from
               Prudence
               in
               this
               ,
               that
               the
               former
               exceedeth
               not
               the
               bounds
               of
               contemplation
               ,
               and
               the
               latter
               is
               wholly
               exercised
               in
               action
               ,
               and
               the
               management
               of
               humane
               affairs
               .
               
                 Plato
              
               affirmeth
               ,
               that
               there
               are
               two
               things
               observable
               in
               the
               life
               of
               Man
               ;
               The
               first
               is
               ,
               For
               a
               man
               to
               know
               himself
               :
               And
               the
               second
               ,
               To
               know
               
               and
               understand
               all
               things
               :
               Therefore
               let
               our
               Senator
               be
               stored
               with
               this
               wisdom
               ,
               
                 viz.
              
               of
               knowing
               himself
               ;
               for
               without
               it
               ,
               no
               reason
               ,
               vertue
               ,
               action
               or
               cogitation
               can
               be
               reputed
               good
               or
               perfect
               .
               By
               the
               help
               of
               this
               wisdom
               ,
               the
               prudent
               man
               first
               settles
               and
               orders
               his
               own
               affairs
               ;
               in
               which
               skill
               if
               he
               be
               deficient
               ,
               he
               must
               not
               be
               offended
               at
               the
               name
               of
               fool
               .
               Now
               ,
               under
               Prudence
               is
               comprehended
               or
               contained
               the
               skill
               of
               well-regulating
               domestical
               business
               ,
               and
               the
               knowledge
               of
               enacting
               and
               making
               Laws
               ,
               civill
               wisdom
               ,
               and
               policy
               in
               consultation
               and
               judgement
               .
               Which
               is
               the
               reason
               why
               
                 Cicero
              
               termeth
               the
               prudent
               management
               of
               oeconomiques
               ,
               or
               houshold
               ,
               domestical
               ,
               and
               the
               fame
               in
               State-affairs
               ,
               civill
               wisdom
               .
               And
               to
               the
               end
               that
               the
               Senator
               may
               ground
               his
               wisdom
               upon
               a
               solid
               foundation
               ,
               whereunto
               his
               imagination
               may
               have
               recourse
               for
               reason
               to
               steer
               him
               to
               the
               truth
               ;
               let
               him
               alwaies
               have
               before
               his
               eyes
               these
               things
               ,
               honesty
               ,
               and
               profit
               :
               So
               that
               whatsoever
               he
               acteth
               or
               affirmeth
               privately
               ,
               or
               publikely
               ,
               may
               be
               directed
               by
               them
               both
               :
               for
               ,
               all
               things
               that
               can
               be
               either
               conceived
               by
               reason
               ,
               or
               expressed
               by
               truth
               ,
               are
               included
               within
               the
               limits
               of
               these
               two
               .
               Wherefore
               it
               is
               convenient
               
               that
               he
               be
               furnished
               with
               a
               peracute
               wit
               ,
               and
               solid
               understanding
               ,
               that
               he
               may
               dive
               into
               the
               abstruse
               nature
               of
               things
               ,
               and
               find
               out
               what
               is
               honest
               and
               profitable
               ;
               lest
               the
               mind
               hoodwinckt
               with
               inordinate
               affections
               and
               desires
               ,
               seduce
               the
               judgement
               ,
               and
               lead
               him
               from
               the
               path
               of
               truth
               .
               And
               many
               there
               are
               ,
               who
               finding
               themselves
               to
               have
               depraved
               their
               reason
               ,
               by
               giving
               the
               reins
               to
               their
               loose
               affections
               and
               lusts
               ,
               do
               fall
               into
               erronious
               opinions
               quite
               opposite
               and
               contrary
               to
               wisdome
               .
               Whence
               it
               follows
               inevitably
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               not
               only
               cheated
               in
               their
               choice
               of
               that
               which
               is
               honest
               and
               profitable
               ,
               but
               are
               blindfolded
               with
               the
               love
               of
               that
               which
               is
               absolutely
               dishonest
               and
               unprofitable
               .
               To
               prevent
               which
               errour
               ,
               two
               things
               are
               to
               be
               taken
               into
               consideration
               .
               First
               ,
               Not
               to
               take
               things
               unknown
               for
               known
               ,
               and
               praecipitantly
               assent
               unto
               them
               :
               Next
               ,
               Not
               to
               give
               way
               in
               the
               least
               to
               any
               evill
               custome
               ;
               (
               for
               ,
               
                 consuetudo
              
               or
               
                 usus
                 secunda
                 natura
                 ;
              
               Custome
               doth
               tyrannize
               over
               the
               nature
               of
               man
               ;
               )
               or
               to
               walk
               contrary
               to
               the
               rules
               of
               vertue
               .
               A
               thing
               that
               may
               with
               facility
               be
               comprehended
               by
               a
               Senator
               ,
               if
               he
               consider
               the
               good
               and
               welfare
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               
                 Meta
              
               or
               scope
               that
               all
               wisdom
               
               and
               counsel
               aims
               at
               :
               nor
               can
               the
               Natives
               of
               his
               own
               Country
               ,
               nay
               ,
               wisdom
               her self
               ,
               require
               more
               at
               his
               hands
               ,
               or
               expect
               more
               from
               him
               ,
               than
               industry
               in
               preserving
               the
               safety
               and
               felicity
               of
               the
               place
               of
               his
               nativity
               .
               But
               now
               it
               lies
               upon
               me
               to
               prove
               what
               Philosophy
               best
               befits
               a
               Senator
               .
            
             
               Wherefore
               since
               the
               felicity
               of
               every
               Counsellor
               ,
               and
               the
               quintessence
               of
               all
               knowledge
               consists
               in
               action
               ,
               it
               ought
               to
               be
               his
               care
               and
               study
               to
               be
               exquisite
               in
               that
               part
               of
               Philosophy
               which
               prescribeth
               the
               rules
               of
               regulating
               mens
               actions
               ,
               and
               the
               Science
               of
               Government
               ;
               to
               the
               end
               ,
               that
               he
               may
               understand
               what
               is
               the
               best
               course
               of
               life
               ;
               what
               is
               necessary
               and
               requisite
               for
               the
               administration
               of
               publike
               and
               private
               affaires
               ,
               and
               be
               skilful
               in
               ordaining
               Laws
               ,
               correcting
               Judgments
               ,
               and
               governing
               of
               People
               .
               Let
               him
               therefore
               be
               expert
               in
               that
               part
               of
               Philosophy
               that
               instructeth
               the
               management
               of
               mans
               life
               ,
               and
               the
               Art
               of
               Consultation
               .
               For
               otherwise
               what
               account
               will
               he
               be
               able
               to
               give
               
                 de
                 vivendi
                 ratione
                 ,
              
               of
               the
               best
               way
               of
               living
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               rules
               of
               vertue
               ,
               that
               is
               uncapable
               of
               giving
               you
               a
               definition
               thereof
               ?
               What
               discourse
               can
               such
               a
               one
               make
               concerning
               Counsel
               ,
               Justice
               ,
               Fortitude
               ,
               Temperance
               ,
               
               or
               Wisdom
               ?
               How
               shall
               he
               appease
               the
               mutineers
               ,
               suppress
               sedition
               ,
               or
               mitigate
               the
               rigour
               and
               severity
               of
               the
               Laws
               ,
               or
               proceed
               according
               to
               the
               rigour
               thereof
               ,
               when
               he
               is
               ignorant
               of
               the
               precepts
               of
               Justice
               and
               Prudence
               ?
               What
               counsel
               or
               advice
               can
               he
               afford
               either
               of
               War
               ,
               Peace
               ,
               or
               Contracts
               ,
               that
               understands
               not
               when
               War
               is
               lawful
               ,
               or
               unlawful
               ;
               Peace
               just
               ,
               or
               unjust
               ;
               and
               Treaties
               honorable
               ,
               or
               dishonorable
               ?
               Whenas
               he
               ought
               not
               only
               to
               conceive
               all
               the
               Precepts
               of
               vertue
               and
               morality
               ,
               and
               to
               understand
               them
               by
               name
               ;
               but
               to
               exercise
               and
               put
               them
               in
               practice
               .
               The
               sum
               of
               which
               knowledge
               is
               contained
               in
               the
               Ethicks
               ,
               Politicks
               ,
               and
               Oeconomicks
               ;
               from
               these
               ,
               as
               from
               a
               Magazine
               or
               Store-house
               ,
               he
               may
               furnish
               himself
               with
               all
               Rules
               ,
               Directions
               ,
               and
               Precepts
               ,
               for
               the
               exercise
               of
               vertue
               ,
               and
               the
               government
               of
               a
               Kingdom
               ,
               as
               also
               the
               order
               of
               a
               domestical
               life
               .
               And
               though
               all
               this
               while
               we
               plead
               for
               the
               necessity
               of
               Philosophy
               in
               our
               Senators
               ,
               yet
               are
               we
               clearly
               against
               the
               divisions
               and
               Sects
               of
               Philosophy
               ;
               nor
               is
               it
               profitable
               ,
               but
               rather
               injurious
               to
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               that
               the
               minds
               of
               men
               should
               be
               divided
               into
               several
               whimsies
               and
               opinions
               .
               First
               therefore
               ,
               we
               extirpate
               Epicurism
               ;
               
               Because
               it
               being
               grounded
               on
               ,
               and
               supported
               by
               sensual
               delights
               and
               pleasures
               ,
               ought
               not
               to
               be
               in
               him
               whom
               we
               elect
               for
               our
               Senator
               .
               The
               Stoick
               we
               do
               not
               blame
               or
               accuse
               ;
               yet
               we
               hold
               it
               convenient
               that
               their
               Tenets
               be
               exploded
               ,
               as
               unfit
               for
               our
               Counsellor
               ;
               in
               regard
               that
               (
               as
               
                 Cicero
              
               saith
               )
               they
               maintain
               the
               Philosopher
               to
               be
               the
               only
               wise
               man
               ,
               and
               that
               all
               other
               persons
               are
               but
               Thieves
               ,
               barbarous
               ,
               and
               infatuated
               .
               For
               ,
               it
               were
               absurd
               to
               admit
               him
               a
               Senator
               ,
               that
               is
               of
               an
               opinion
               there
               is
               no
               wise
               Counsellor
               ,
               Freeman
               ,
               or
               Citizen
               ,
               himself
               excepted
               .
               And
               though
               there
               hath
               ever
               been
               a
               dissention
               between
               the
               Stoick
               and
               Peripatetick
               touching
               the
               
                 Summum
                 bonum
                 :
              
               yet
               we
               adhere
               to
               the
               latter
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               the
               best
               Tutors
               of
               Vertue
               and
               good
               Manners
               ,
               and
               the
               most
               noble
               ,
               valiant
               ,
               wise
               ,
               discreet
               Captains
               :
               Counsellors
               ,
               Emperours
               and
               Kings
               have
               issued
               out
               of
               that
               Society
               .
               Besides
               ,
               it
               is
               requisite
               that
               our
               Senator
               be
               well
               read
               in
               History
               ,
               and
               exercised
               in
               all
               humane
               Learning
               :
               For
               first
               ,
               in
               History
               he
               will
               find
               out
               the
               notable
               sayings
               and
               acts
               of
               wise
               men
               ,
               that
               have
               lived
               in
               elapsed
               time
               ,
               which
               are
               not
               so
               plentifully
               found
               in
               any
               Books
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               monumental
               Annals
               ,
               and
               Chronicles
               
               of
               fore-past
               Ages
               .
               This
               was
               the
               reason
               that
               moved
               
                 Tully
              
               to
               call
               History
               ,
               The
               witness
               of
               time
               ,
               the
               light
               of
               truth
               ,
               the
               memorial
               of
               life
               ,
               and
               the
               Herald
               of
               Antiquity
               .
               For
               ,
               can
               any
               person
               paint
               out
               so
               fully
               to
               the
               life
               ,
               or
               give
               so
               perfect
               a
               delineation
               of
               Vertue
               ,
               Fortitude
               ,
               Justice
               ,
               Continence
               ,
               Frugality
               ,
               and
               contempt
               of
               death
               ,
               in
               an
               eloquent
               and
               fluent
               Oration
               ,
               as
               may
               be
               read
               in
               the
               actions
               of
               
                 Cornelii
                 ,
                 Valerii
                 ,
                 Fabritii
                 ,
                 Curii
                 ,
                 Decii
                 ,
                 Mutii
                 ,
              
               and
               others
               ?
               What
               noble
               
                 Heroes
              
               have
               our
               modern
               times
               produced
               !
               Hath
               not
               the
               Politick
               
                 Monck
                 ,
              
               Noble
               
                 Massey
                 ,
              
               and
               Loyal
               
                 Montross
                 ,
              
               been
               singular
               and
               almost
               unimitable
               for
               their
               Policy
               ,
               Valour
               ,
               and
               Magnanimity
               ?
               From
               these
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               ,
               he
               may
               make
               an
               extract
               of
               the
               most
               exact
               civill
               knowledge
               ,
               and
               direct
               himself
               in
               the
               management
               of
               State-affairs
               .
               Besides
               ,
               Policy
               must
               be
               one
               of
               his
               chief
               studies
               :
               and
               he
               must
               be
               expert
               in
               understanding
               the
               transactions
               of
               Noblemen
               ,
               the
               humors
               ,
               dispositions
               ,
               and
               temper
               of
               all
               mens
               spirits
               ,
               the
               Order
               and
               Government
               of
               Commonweals
               ,
               and
               civill
               Societies
               :
               it
               is
               also
               necessary
               ,
               that
               he
               be
               perfect
               in
               all
               Ordinances
               ,
               Acts
               and
               Laws
               ,
               either
               for
               Peace
               ,
               War
               ,
               Provisions
               ,
               the
               quality
               of
               the
               Subject
               ,
               the
               administration
               of
               
               the
               State
               ,
               or
               the
               nature
               of
               men
               :
               as
               also
               to
               understand
               ,
               what
               exalts
               ,
               and
               what
               abaseth
               the
               mind
               ;
               what
               Vertue
               is
               ,
               what
               Discipline
               and
               Education
               is
               most
               convenient
               for
               youth
               ;
               what
               Customs
               must
               be
               ratified
               or
               made
               firm
               ;
               what
               duty
               we
               owe
               to
               God
               ,
               and
               what
               reverence
               to
               Religion
               ,
               and
               Allegiance
               to
               our
               Soveraign
               :
               in
               all
               which
               ,
               we
               have
               a
               
                 Monck
              
               among
               us
               of
               late
               (
               though
               none
               that
               ever
               entred
               into
               Canonical
               Orders
               )
               who
               will
               sufficiently
               instruct
               us
               .
               Nor
               must
               he
               be
               ignorant
               in
               Leagues
               ,
               Contracts
               ,
               and
               Alliances
               with
               Forraign
               Princes
               and
               Potentates
               :
               Since
               such
               proceedings
               are
               dayly
               found
               in
               Kings
               Courts
               .
               Well
               therefore
               did
               
                 Antonius
              
               describe
               a
               Senator
               or
               Counsellor
               ,
               in
               these
               words
               :
               He
               is
               one
               that
               ought
               to
               understand
               by
               what
               means
               the
               Kingdom
               or
               Republick
               receives
               benefit
               ;
               and
               when
               occasion
               offers
               ,
               to
               put
               them
               in
               practice
               .
               And
               ,
               such
               were
               in
               
                 Rome
              
               the
               
                 Lentuli
                 ,
                 Gracchi
                 ,
                 Metelli
                 ,
                 Scipiones
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Lelii
                 .
              
               Now
               ,
               he
               that
               is
               well
               practised
               in
               the
               Law
               ,
               hath
               experience
               in
               War
               ,
               or
               skill
               in
               oeconomicks
               ,
               or
               domestick
               Authority
               ,
               deserves
               to
               be
               promoted
               to
               the
               dignity
               of
               a
               Counsellor
               .
               Eloquence
               is
               also
               a
               great
               ornament
               to
               our
               Senator
               ;
               but
               of
               that
               and
               some
               other
               qualifications
               ,
               more
               at
               large
               in
               the
               ensuing
               Chapter
               .
            
          
           
           
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               
            
             
               Of
               Eloquence
               ,
               Clemency
               ,
               Piety
               ,
               and
               other
               Vertues
               necessary
               to
               the
               accomplishment
               of
               a
               Senator
               .
            
             
               THese
               most
               noble
               Sciences
               and
               Arts
               will
               be
               infinitely
               adorned
               in
               our
               Senator
               by
               the
               addition
               of
               Eloquence
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               true
               ornament
               of
               wisdom
               .
               For
               ,
               without
               this
               accomplishment
               ,
               all
               things
               else
               are
               as
               it
               were
               dead
               ,
               till
               they
               do
               flourish
               by
               the
               help
               of
               Rhetorick
               ;
               And
               an
               eloquent
               ,
               terse
               ,
               and
               curiously-penn'd
               Oration
               doth
               not
               only
               commend
               the
               Author
               ,
               but
               the
               private
               and
               publike
               benefit
               is
               oftentimes
               promoted
               thereby
               .
               It
               is
               this
               that
               appeaseth
               with
               her
               neat-spun
               blandishments
               the
               fury
               of
               our
               enraged
               enemies
               .
               Now
               ,
               whatsoever
               he
               pronounceth
               ,
               it
               must
               be
               done
               gravely
               ,
               advisedly
               ,
               eloquently
               ,
               readily
               ,
               and
               with
               comely
               gesture
               ;
               for
               this
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               Poet
               ,
               
                 —
                 Emollit
                 animos
                 ,
                 &
                 temperat
                 iras
                 .
              
               The
               supple
               oyl
               of
               an
               insinuating
               Oration
               
               will
               heal
               the
               wounds
               of
               a
               mutinous
               Rabble
               ,
               and
               reduce
               them
               to
               their
               former
               obedience
               .
               Next
               unto
               Eloquence
               ,
               the
               knowledge
               and
               insight
               in
               the
               Law
               is
               required
               ;
               the
               end
               whereof
               tends
               to
               the
               conservation
               of
               Equity
               .
               And
               indeed
               ,
               who
               can
               with
               greater
               wisdom
               decide
               a
               cause
               or
               controversie
               ?
               Who
               can
               better
               appease
               sedition
               ,
               (
               the
               poyson
               of
               a
               Kingdom
               )
               or
               more
               rationally
               defend
               the
               Laws
               ,
               Customs
               ,
               Rights
               and
               Priviledges
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               than
               he
               that
               is
               skill'd
               in
               the
               Law
               ?
               Well
               then
               may
               we
               say
               ,
               as
               it
               hath
               been
               affirmed
               heretofore
               ,
               That
               the
               Habitation
               of
               a
               learned
               Lawyer
               is
               the
               Oracle
               of
               the
               City
               .
               Now
               ,
               the
               Law
               in
               all
               Kingdoms
               is
               bound
               to
               tye
               every
               man
               to
               his
               duty
               ,
               and
               to
               defend
               them
               so
               long
               as
               they
               continue
               vertuous
               and
               faithful
               .
               But
               ,
               it
               is
               not
               sufficient
               only
               to
               enact
               Laws
               neither
               ,
               that
               punish
               or
               recompence
               men
               according
               to
               demerits
               ;
               but
               ,
               to
               compose
               Laws
               ,
               Customs
               ,
               and
               Exercises
               (
               as
               the
               Lacedemonians
               did
               )
               wherein
               the
               People
               may
               take
               delight
               :
               besides
               ,
               such
               judgement
               must
               be
               used
               in
               the
               prescribing
               of
               Laws
               ,
               that
               therein
               all
               occasion
               of
               offences
               may
               be
               removed
               .
               For
               ,
               as
               the
               Physician
               by
               his
               medicines
               heals
               the
               maladies
               of
               the
               body
               ;
               so
               the
               Counsellor
               ought
               by
               good
               and
               wholsome
               
               Laws
               to
               cure
               the
               distempers
               of
               the
               mind
               .
               Yet
               they
               are
               not
               to
               be
               approved
               of
               ,
               who
               perceiving
               an
               inconveniency
               growing
               ,
               immediately
               fall
               to
               execution
               ,
               without
               considering
               how
               the
               same
               mischievous
               design
               may
               be
               utterly
               extirpated
               :
               For
               it
               is
               more
               consonant
               to
               reason
               ,
               for
               a
               Senator
               to
               endeavour
               the
               reducing
               men
               to
               justice
               and
               honesty
               ,
               than
               to
               study
               how
               to
               execute
               them
               for
               every
               offence
               committed
               .
               What
               man
               can
               be
               so
               inhumane
               ,
               that
               would
               not
               rather
               remove
               the
               cause
               ?
               and
               then
               assuredly
               the
               effect
               would
               cease
               .
               Who
               would
               not
               rather
               provide
               corn
               for
               the
               poor
               ,
               than
               through
               the
               want
               thereof
               force
               them
               to
               turn
               Robbers
               ,
               and
               send
               them
               to
               execution
               for
               it
               ?
               And
               who
               is
               there
               ,
               that
               seeing
               the
               Kingdom
               overspread
               with
               debauchery
               ,
               and
               the
               peodle
               addicted
               to
               licentiousness
               ,
               would
               not
               endeavour
               to
               correct
               and
               reform
               these
               enormities
               by
               pecuniary
               mulcts
               ,
               sooner
               than
               by
               penal
               Laws
               ?
               Therefore
               ,
               as
               
                 Cicero
              
               saith
               ,
               if
               thou
               wilt
               remove
               Covetousness
               ,
               take
               away
               her
               Mother
               ,
               Execess
               .
               Wherefore
               he
               must
               have
               all
               the
               commodities
               and
               discommodities
               of
               his
               Country
               before
               his
               eyes
               ,
               and
               then
               he
               may
               be
               so
               expert
               in
               State-Chirurgery
               ,
               as
               to
               heal
               the
               sores
               and
               wounds
               wherewith
               the
               body
               politick
               is
               oftentimes
               
               troubled
               .
               Yet
               we
               desire
               not
               that
               our
               Senator
               should
               be
               a
               pleader
               at
               the
               Bar
               ,
               Proctor
               ,
               or
               Advocate
               ,
               because
               that
               most
               of
               that
               Tribe
               (
               Charity
               forbids
               me
               to
               say
               all
               )
               being
               mercenary
               ,
               are
               many
               times
               the
               ministers
               of
               falshood
               and
               injustice
               ,
               bearing
               about
               them
               minds
               and
               tongues
               principled
               against
               justice
               and
               truth
               .
               Indeed
               ,
               it
               is
               a
               difficult
               piece
               of
               business
               for
               him
               to
               be
               a
               Lover
               of
               equity
               and
               truth
               ,
               whose
               tongue
               hath
               been
               accustomed
               to
               walk
               for
               lucre
               .
               Not
               but
               that
               many
               famous
               Counsellors
               have
               been
               found
               among
               those
               gowned
               Gentlemen
               ;
               but
               all
               men
               are
               incident
               to
               failings
               ,
               of
               what
               profession
               or
               function
               soever
               :
               nor
               is
               this
               to
               be
               imputed
               to
               them
               alone
               ,
               there
               are
               others
               that
               shake
               hands
               with
               them
               :
               But
               enough
               of
               that
               .
               Civill
               Discipline
               falls
               next
               under
               our
               consideration
               ,
               whereby
               he
               is
               instructed
               how
               to
               lead
               his
               life
               discreetly
               ,
               and
               to
               govern
               his
               Country
               with
               gravity
               and
               justice
               .
               Now
               he
               was
               termed
               a
               civill
               man
               among
               Philosophers
               ,
               who
               by
               vertue
               and
               wisdom
               was
               enabled
               to
               command
               civilly
               ;
               and
               he
               oftentimes
               had
               the
               authority
               of
               making
               Laws
               ,
               and
               governing
               of
               Subjects
               .
               
                 Plato
              
               in
               his
               Commonwealth
               hath
               framed
               two
               sorts
               of
               Discipline
               ;
               the
               one
               relating
               to
               the
               exercises
               
               of
               the
               body
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               of
               the
               mind
               :
               the
               discipline
               of
               the
               mind
               he
               called
               
                 Musica
                 ,
              
               and
               that
               of
               the
               body
               
                 Gymnastica
                 .
              
               Now
               ,
               by
               the
               harmony
               of
               Musick
               ,
               he
               understands
               a
               certain
               concord
               or
               consent
               of
               mind
               ,
               wherein
               all
               actions
               do
               amiably
               agree
               with
               vertue
               ,
               and
               vertue
               with
               them
               ;
               which
               
                 Copula
              
               Law
               and
               Philosophy
               make
               up
               in
               Man
               :
               for
               hereby
               we
               are
               capable
               of
               judging
               what
               is
               honest
               ,
               and
               what
               dishonest
               ;
               what
               just
               ,
               and
               what
               unjust
               ;
               what
               is
               to
               be
               loved
               ,
               and
               what
               to
               be
               loathed
               :
               and
               besides
               ,
               what
               duty
               we
               owe
               to
               our
               Parents
               ,
               Princes
               and
               Magistrates
               .
               By
               
                 Gymnastica
                 ,
              
               he
               means
               the
               exercises
               of
               the
               body
               ,
               whereby
               the
               vigour
               and
               strength
               of
               man
               is
               much
               helped
               and
               encreased
               .
               This
               consists
               in
               leaping
               ,
               running
               ,
               wrestling
               ,
               hunting
               ,
               riding
               ,
               darting
               ,
               swimming
               ,
               to
               be
               both
               right
               and
               left-handed
               ;
               in
               brief
               ,
               all
               military
               exercises
               and
               honest
               recreations
               are
               contained
               in
               this
               word
               
                 Gymnastica
                 .
              
               It
               is
               very
               necessary
               and
               requisite
               in
               all
               sorts
               of
               men
               (
               much
               more
               then
               in
               our
               Senator
               )
               to
               conjoyn
               the
               exercises
               of
               the
               body
               with
               the
               vertues
               of
               the
               mind
               ,
               and
               to
               mix
               Fortitude
               with
               Temperance
               .
               For
               ,
               as
               by
               the
               one
               ,
               Man
               aspireth
               to
               that
               which
               is
               noble
               ;
               so
               by
               the
               other
               ,
               he
               thinks
               it
               no
               
               derogation
               to
               him
               to
               be
               humble
               ;
               and
               being
               thus
               in
               
                 aequilibrio
                 ,
              
               he
               inclines
               neither
               to
               this
               side
               ,
               nor
               that
               ;
               so
               that
               he
               shall
               never
               dare
               ,
               nor
               doubt
               too
               much
               .
               And
               as
               by
               Fortitude
               we
               are
               able
               to
               repulse
               injury
               ,
               so
               by
               Temperance
               and
               Moderation
               we
               abstain
               from
               offering
               injury
               .
               By
               the
               former
               ,
               we
               are
               prompted
               to
               an
               honest
               becoming
               violence
               ;
               by
               the
               latter
               ,
               we
               are
               instructed
               to
               check
               and
               curb
               hair-bain'd
               fury
               ,
               and
               to
               quench
               the
               flames
               of
               a
               vindicative
               spirit
               .
               Now
               ,
               it
               is
               the
               opinion
               of
               
                 Plato
                 ,
              
               that
               the
               Musical
               and
               Gymnastical
               Sciences
               conduce
               much
               to
               these
               qualifications
               ;
               For
               to
               the
               one
               ,
               Temperance
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               Vertues
               may
               be
               referred
               ;
               to
               the
               other
               ,
               Fortitude
               of
               body
               ,
               and
               magnanimity
               of
               mind
               .
               Wherefore
               it
               is
               convenient
               ,
               that
               they
               be
               both
               united
               ,
               and
               walk
               hand
               in
               hand
               ;
               because
               the
               Gymnastick
               Exercises
               alone
               ,
               create
               firmness
               ;
               and
               Musick
               of
               it self
               ,
               begets
               too
               much
               mildness
               and
               effeminacy
               :
               but
               both
               twinn'd
               and
               coupled
               together
               in
               any
               man
               ,
               do
               mould
               him
               according
               to
               the
               shape
               and
               perfection
               of
               Vertue
               .
               Therefore
               every
               person
               that
               would
               be
               thought
               fit
               for
               counsel
               ,
               must
               be
               thus
               exercised
               ;
               because
               hereby
               he
               is
               adapted
               both
               for
               peace
               and
               war
               ;
               and
               to
               this
               very
               purpose
               was
               he
               
               born
               ;
               for
               he
               must
               be
               as
               able
               to
               perform
               the
               Office
               of
               a
               Commander
               ,
               as
               a
               Counsellor
               :
               notable
               therefore
               ,
               and
               worthy
               the
               mentioning
               ,
               was
               that
               Roman
               Institution
               ,
               which
               imposed
               a
               command
               upon
               them
               to
               train
               up
               their
               noble
               and
               honourable
               Citizens
               to
               be
               Counsellors
               at
               home
               ,
               and
               Captains
               abroad
               :
               which
               is
               the
               reason
               ,
               that
               
                 Rome
              
               enclosed
               so
               great
               a
               number
               of
               Sage
               Senators
               and
               stout
               Souldiers
               within
               the
               circumference
               of
               her
               walls
               :
               Insomuch
               that
               
                 Cyneas
                 ,
              
               the
               Embassadour
               of
               
                 Pyrrhus
                 ,
              
               having
               had
               audience
               of
               the
               splendid
               and
               illustrious
               Senate
               ,
               reported
               ,
               that
               in
               
                 Rome
              
               he
               had
               seen
               an
               Assembly
               of
               many
               Kings
               .
               Nor
               can
               they
               be
               skill'd
               in
               commanding
               ,
               if
               the
               Subjects
               are
               not
               exercised
               in
               obedience
               ;
               which
               is
               performed
               by
               their
               love
               and
               honour
               to
               the
               Magistrate
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               obeying
               their
               Commands
               ;
               all
               which
               proceeds
               from
               the
               due
               execution
               of
               Laws
               :
               and
               the
               first
               step
               that
               leads
               up
               to
               the
               Temple
               of
               Vertue
               ,
               is
               to
               submit
               to
               the
               Law
               ,
               and
               the
               Law
               maker
               :
               for
               the
               Law
               of
               every
               Kingdom
               ,
               State
               ,
               or
               Republick
               ,
               is
               nothing
               but
               vertue
               ,
               and
               a
               good
               
                 decorum
              
               in
               the
               leading
               of
               our
               lives
               ,
               reduced
               to
               certain
               rules
               .
               
                 Theopompus
              
               King
               of
               
                 Sparta
                 ,
              
               hearing
               it
               related
               that
               the
               reason
               why
               that
               Commonwealth
               flourished
               so
               
               much
               ,
               proceeded
               from
               the
               Kings
               skill
               in
               Policy
               and
               Government
               ;
               replied
               ,
               No
               such
               matter
               ;
               for
               the
               true
               reason
               is
               this
               ,
               The
               Subjects
               are
               well
               exercised
               in
               their
               duty
               and
               obedience
               to
               Superiours
               .
               And
               (
               as
               
                 Plutarch
              
               hath
               it
               )
               to
               obey
               the
               Magistracie
               and
               the
               Laws
               ,
               to
               undergo
               all
               dangers
               and
               travels
               with
               patience
               ,
               to
               fight
               manfully
               ,
               and
               die
               voluntarily
               ,
               was
               the
               chief
               point
               of
               the
               Lacedemonian
               discipline
               .
               And
               herein
               they
               were
               all
               trained
               ;
               to
               the
               end
               ,
               that
               being
               thus
               instructed
               ,
               they
               might
               know
               how
               to
               defend
               their
               Country
               in
               time
               of
               War
               ,
               govern
               it
               in
               time
               of
               Peace
               ;
               and
               such
               as
               live
               privately
               ,
               to
               employ
               their
               vacant
               hours
               honestly
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               in
               the
               prosecution
               of
               Learning
               ;
               obtaining
               a
               becoming
               gesture
               ,
               musick
               ,
               painting
               ,
               vaulting
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               keep
               themselves
               in
               action
               ,
               and
               be
               freed
               from
               that
               gross
               imputation
               of
               ignorant
               .
               It
               behoves
               him
               also
               to
               be
               witty
               and
               docible
               .
               Now
               ,
               Wit
               is
               a
               certain
               natural
               force
               of
               reason
               ,
               able
               to
               conceive
               what
               is
               rational
               ;
               which
               ,
               although
               many
               times
               it
               be
               not
               helpt
               by
               industry
               ,
               art
               or
               memory
               ,
               yet
               it
               is
               powerful
               of
               it self
               ,
               and
               without
               learning
               may
               burnish
               a
               man
               .
               Wherefore
               he
               must
               so
               know
               his
               own
               wit
               ,
               as
               to
               become
               sharp
               in
               reason
               ,
               and
               finding
               out
               the
               causes
               
               of
               things
               :
               which
               of
               it self
               is
               a
               happiness
               ,
               and
               that
               a
               great
               one
               too
               ;
               as
               the
               Poet
               sings
               ,
               
                 Felix
                 qui
                 potuit
                 rerum
                 cognoscere
                 causas
                 .
              
               Nay
               ,
               wisdom
               her self
               ,
               whereby
               we
               first
               conceive
               all
               things
               ,
               springs
               from
               acuteness
               of
               wit
               :
               Now
               ,
               they
               that
               are
               adorned
               with
               them
               both
               ,
               are
               termed
               ingenious
               ;
               and
               that
               wit
               is
               the
               best
               ,
               and
               most
               to
               be
               commended
               ,
               which
               is
               constant
               ,
               strong
               ,
               sharp
               ,
               pleasant
               ,
               and
               natural
               .
               Now
               ,
               the
               edge
               of
               ingenuity
               is
               very
               much
               acuated
               by
               the
               whetstone
               of
               docility
               and
               memory
               :
               By
               the
               one
               ,
               we
               are
               taught
               to
               make
               a
               construction
               of
               those
               things
               that
               are
               laid
               before
               us
               ;
               by
               the
               other
               ,
               we
               retain
               whatsoever
               proceeds
               from
               our
               invention
               ,
               or
               the
               expressions
               of
               others
               ;
               therefore
               it
               is
               requisite
               our
               Counsellor
               should
               be
               well
               exercised
               in
               these
               accomplishments
               :
               for
               ,
               it
               is
               an
               argument
               of
               a
               dull
               ,
               slow
               ,
               ignorant
               person
               ,
               not
               to
               have
               a
               quick
               conception
               of
               what
               is
               said
               ,
               and
               a
               tenacious
               memory
               to
               recollect
               what
               hath
               been
               spoken
               by
               others
               .
               Now
               next
               ,
               he
               must
               have
               Understanding
               :
               For
               as
               wit
               is
               the
               ornament
               of
               a
               Senator
               ,
               so
               Understanding
               is
               the
               light
               of
               wit
               ,
               by
               which
               we
               conceive
               
               all
               things
               ,
               or
               their
               
                 Idaea's
                 ,
              
               whether
               true
               or
               false
               .
               For
               ,
               by
               common
               understanding
               we
               comprehend
               the
               knowledge
               of
               things
               ,
               and
               thereby
               pass
               a
               judgement
               on
               them
               ,
               and
               conclude
               ,
               all
               that
               is
               honest
               is
               to
               be
               referred
               to
               vertue
               ,
               and
               what
               is
               unlawful
               or
               dishonest
               ,
               to
               vice
               :
               yet
               this
               understanding
               is
               not
               separated
               from
               the
               Senses
               ,
               who
               are
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               ,
               Interpreters
               and
               Reporters
               of
               knowledge
               ;
               yet
               must
               we
               be
               careful
               to
               avoid
               being
               deceived
               by
               sensual
               judgement
               ;
               for
               it
               is
               frequently
               known
               ,
               that
               either
               art
               or
               subtilty
               ,
               singly
               or
               joyntly
               ,
               play
               the
               cheat
               with
               us
               ;
               which
               errour
               is
               to
               be
               diligently
               avoided
               .
               Besides
               ,
               he
               must
               be
               circumspect
               ,
               not
               only
               in
               private
               ,
               but
               publick
               chances
               and
               events
               :
               For
               he
               must
               endeavour
               to
               foresee
               all
               blustring
               storms
               that
               may
               be
               injurious
               to
               the
               State
               ,
               and
               study
               the
               preservation
               of
               every
               member
               thereof
               .
               This
               that
               we
               call
               circumspection
               ,
               is
               a
               careful
               and
               mature
               consideration
               of
               things
               to
               be
               practised
               or
               acted
               ;
               and
               of
               great
               importance
               ,
               as
               well
               in
               the
               serene
               time
               of
               peace
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               blustring
               season
               of
               war
               ;
               because
               that
               wise
               circumspection
               diverts
               the
               force
               and
               fury
               of
               Fortune
               ,
               and
               we
               are
               ready
               to
               submit
               to
               grave
               counsel
               and
               advice
               .
               In
               this
               vertue
               
                 Quintus
                 Fabius
              
               did
               excell
               ;
               for
               
               he
               according
               to
               the
               Poet
               ,
               by
               procrastination
               and
               lingring
               delay
               ,
               preserved
               the
               Roman
               State
               .
               
                 Unus
                 homo
                 nobis
                 cunctaendo
                 restituit
                 rem
                 .
              
               But
               on
               the
               contrary
               ,
               
                 Flaminius
              
               relying
               upon
               the
               arm
               of
               strength
               ,
               and
               his
               courage
               ,
               incircumspectly
               assaulted
               
                 Hannibal
                 ,
              
               to
               his
               great
               disadvantage
               and
               prejudice
               .
               So
               
                 Q.
                 Scipio
              
               the
               Consul
               ,
               with
               divers
               that
               might
               be
               mentioned
               ,
               through
               their
               incircumspection
               were
               infested
               by
               the
               
                 Cimbri
                 .
              
               And
               it
               is
               as
               useful
               in
               time
               of
               peace
               :
               for
               the
               Senator
               should
               be
               eyed
               like
               
                 Argus
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Lynx-sighted
              
               ,
               to
               pry
               narrowly
               into
               those
               things
               that
               might
               arise
               to
               the
               discommodity
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               and
               make
               a
               discovery
               of
               them
               ;
               otherwise
               ,
               he
               cannot
               prevent
               the
               seditions
               ,
               wars
               ,
               and
               calamities
               that
               dayly
               happen
               to
               the
               prejudice
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               .
               Some
               men
               are
               so
               ignorant
               and
               blinded
               with
               superfluity
               and
               pleasure
               ,
               that
               they
               can
               hardly
               discern
               things
               that
               are
               placed
               before
               their
               eyes
               ,
               much
               less
               foresee
               them
               ;
               which
               sort
               of
               men
               ,
               as
               persons
               given
               up
               to
               their
               private
               more
               than
               the
               publike
               interest
               ,
               are
               to
               be
               exempted
               from
               Government
               .
               For
               ,
               though
               they
               understand
               
               that
               through
               want
               of
               circumspection
               war
               threatens
               a
               Nation
               ,
               the
               people
               are
               captivated
               ,
               the
               Country
               run
               over
               and
               ruinated
               ,
               Towns
               sack'd
               ,
               Houses
               burnt
               ,
               fields
               wasted
               ,
               Temples
               profaned
               ;
               yet
               use
               they
               no
               circumspection
               ,
               counsel
               ,
               and
               medicine
               ,
               either
               to
               cure
               or
               cool
               their
               fury
               or
               rage
               .
               But
               the
               grave
               Counsellor
               studies
               by
               what
               means
               to
               continue
               the
               common
               safety
               and
               welfare
               of
               a
               Country
               or
               Kingdom
               :
               He
               provideth
               ,
               that
               the
               rage
               of
               a
               barbarous
               enemy
               may
               be
               beaten
               back
               or
               restrained
               by
               Fortresses
               ,
               Pallizadoes
               ,
               and
               Garrisons
               ;
               that
               Castles
               and
               Bulwarks
               may
               be
               erected
               ,
               the
               places
               of
               defence
               fortified
               ,
               and
               all
               breaches
               stopt
               up
               ;
               all
               which
               thus
               ordered
               ,
               check
               the
               fury
               of
               an
               insulting
               enemy
               ,
               and
               annihilate
               his
               barbarous
               design
               and
               intention
               to
               bring
               all
               to
               destruction
               .
               Now
               there
               being
               a
               convention
               of
               well-trained
               Citizens
               ,
               armed
               and
               ready
               to
               oppose
               ,
               the
               Commonwealth
               is
               thereby
               fortified
               ,
               (
               and
               the
               Lacedemonians
               call
               stout
               men
               the
               walls
               of
               
                 Sparta
                 )
              
               disdaining
               the
               force
               of
               forrein
               enemies
               ,
               and
               preventing
               their
               offering
               violence
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               his
               Speech
               ,
               he
               must
               be
               compendious
               ,
               curt
               and
               grave
               ,
               in
               all
               his
               Orations
               that
               he
               pens
               ,
               or
               Speeches
               that
               he
               
               makes
               ;
               as
               
                 Horace
              
               adviseth
               him
               ,
               
                 In
                 verbis
                 etiam
                 tenuis
                 ,
                 cautusque
                 serendis
                 .
              
               For
               ,
               a
               rash
               inconsiderate
               speech
               ,
               is
               not
               so
               soon
               called
               back
               as
               pronounced
               ;
               and
               the
               unadvised
               utterance
               thereof
               ,
               may
               prejudice
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               and
               afford
               the
               Orator
               matter
               of
               repentance
               .
               And
               the
               reason
               is
               this
               ,
               because
               in
               an
               
                 extempore
              
               speech
               we
               pour
               out
               and
               divulge
               many
               things
               that
               are
               to
               be
               concealed
               .
            
             
               Nor
               must
               our
               Senator
               be
               overswayed
               by
               Passion
               ;
               for
               ,
               passion
               is
               like
               false
               position
               in
               Verse
               ,
               nine
               faults
               at
               least
               .
               Now
               it
               is
               the
               noblest
               piece
               of
               wisdom
               under
               the
               heavens
               ,
               for
               a
               man
               to
               monarchize
               over
               himself
               ,
               so
               as
               to
               subjugate
               and
               conquer
               his
               affections
               ,
               according
               to
               that
               known
               verse
               ,
               
                 
                   Fortior
                   est
                   qui
                   se
                   ,
                   quam
                   qui
                   fortissima
                   vincit
                
                 
                   Moenia
                   —
                
              
               It
               is
               a
               greater
               piece
               of
               valour
               for
               a
               man
               to
               subdue
               and
               curb
               his
               hair-brain'd
               passion
               ,
               than
               to
               conquer
               the
               stoutest
               enemy
               .
               Besides
               ,
               when
               he
               is
               put
               upon
               a
               parley
               with
               the
               enemy
               ,
               a
               treaty
               with
               Embassadors
               ,
               or
               a
               conference
               with
               neighbouring
               Princes
               ,
               
               he
               must
               be
               very
               circumspect
               ;
               for
               their
               endeavour
               is
               to
               discover
               secrets
               by
               conjecture
               ,
               and
               fish
               out
               the
               design
               intended
               by
               circumstances
               and
               signs
               .
               Wherefore
               he
               must
               have
               a
               constant
               fixed
               resolution
               ,
               and
               a
               composed
               countenance
               ;
               for
               the
               changing
               of
               the
               countenance
               ,
               motion
               of
               the
               eyes
               ,
               and
               variety
               of
               gesture
               ,
               are
               the
               bewrayers
               of
               mens
               minds
               ,
               as
               
                 Gondamore
              
               well
               observed
               ;
               and
               indeed
               ,
               
                 facies
                 est
                 index
                 rerum
                 .
              
               One
               may
               soon
               read
               a
               mans
               mind
               in
               his
               face
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               calculation
               of
               his
               looks
               guess
               at
               his
               intentions
               .
               And
               as
               he
               must
               not
               be
               too
               credulous
               ,
               no
               more
               must
               he
               be
               altogether
               incredulous
               ,
               unless
               the
               reputation
               of
               the
               matter
               or
               person
               compel
               him
               to
               it
               ;
               Since
               it
               is
               very
               unseemly
               ,
               and
               beneath
               the
               gravity
               of
               a
               judicious
               Senator
               ,
               to
               maintain
               a
               controversie
               against
               an
               apparent
               truth
               .
               Neither
               would
               we
               confine
               him
               to
               an
               absolute
               silence
               ,
               or
               padlock
               his
               mouth
               ,
               so
               as
               to
               debar
               him
               of
               that
               excellent
               gift
               of
               speech
               ;
               for
               ,
               thereby
               he
               may
               be
               thought
               stupid
               or
               effeminate
               ,
               since
               the
               one
               is
               imputed
               to
               ignorance
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               to
               a
               kind
               of
               maidenly
               modesty
               ,
               or
               misbecoming
               bashfulness
               .
               Therefore
               he
               must
               use
               a
               mean
               between
               both
               ;
               yet
               so
               ,
               that
               he
               be
               a
               greater
               hearer
               than
               speaker
               :
               Nature
               bestowed
               on
               man
               a
               pair
               
               of
               ears
               ,
               and
               but
               one
               single
               tongue
               .
               Yet
               ,
               notwithstanding
               all
               this
               ,
               it
               must
               needs
               be
               judged
               as
               great
               a
               piece
               of
               discretion
               to
               know
               when
               to
               be
               silent
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               how
               ,
               where
               ,
               to
               whom
               ,
               and
               in
               what
               place
               to
               speak
               .
            
             
               Next
               ,
               Sagacity
               and
               craftiness
               is
               requisite
               :
               for
               ,
               War
               was
               never
               more
               politickly
               managed
               ,
               Armies
               more
               securely
               governed
               ,
               nor
               the
               plots
               and
               machinations
               of
               subtile
               enemies
               more
               wisely
               undermined
               ,
               or
               overthrown
               ,
               than
               by
               the
               vertue
               of
               caution
               ;
               which
               he
               that
               wants
               ,
               can
               no
               way
               be
               termed
               a
               Captain
               General
               .
               Now
               ,
               Sagacity
               is
               a
               sharp
               and
               pleasant
               conceit
               ;
               and
               as
               it
               is
               the
               property
               of
               a
               wise
               man
               to
               consult
               well
               ,
               so
               it
               is
               the
               part
               of
               an
               apprehensive
               spirit
               ,
               ingeniously
               to
               understand
               ,
               and
               pass
               a
               solid
               sentence
               or
               judgement
               of
               what
               another
               speaketh
               .
               And
               as
               he
               must
               be
               quick
               of
               apprehension
               ,
               so
               it
               is
               likewise
               necessary
               that
               he
               be
               crafty
               and
               subtill
               in
               searching
               and
               prying
               into
               the
               thoughts
               of
               Subjects
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               he
               may
               understand
               what
               they
               desire
               ,
               what
               they
               expect
               or
               hope
               for
               ,
               and
               what
               their
               inclination
               binds
               them
               most
               unto
               .
               By
               which
               means
               ,
               he
               will
               not
               only
               keep
               the
               Subject
               close
               to
               his
               lawful
               obedience
               ,
               but
               also
               by
               knowing
               their
               intended
               
               conspiracies
               ,
               prevent
               the
               evil
               thereof
               .
               For
               ,
               sometimes
               debauched
               Subjects
               aime
               at
               the
               destruction
               of
               sober
               solid
               persons
               ;
               induced
               thereunto
               ,
               or
               rather
               seduced
               ,
               by
               hate
               ,
               malice
               ,
               or
               insolency
               ;
               sometimes
               because
               they
               find
               themselves
               inferiour
               to
               others
               in
               riches
               ,
               dignity
               or
               authority
               ;
               and
               sometimes
               because
               they
               imagine
               themselves
               to
               be
               inconsiderable
               ,
               and
               of
               little
               or
               no
               esteem
               in
               the
               Kingdom
               ,
               Republick
               ,
               or
               State
               wherein
               Providence
               hath
               allotted
               them
               their
               being
               and
               residence
               :
               And
               so
               by
               these
               means
               ,
               create
               war
               ,
               and
               cause
               sedition
               ,
               and
               reduce
               the
               State
               to
               an
               apparent
               hazard
               .
               In
               suppressing
               these
               commotions
               and
               cogitations
               of
               wicked
               men
               ,
               he
               must
               be
               close
               and
               reserved
               ,
               not
               dealing
               openly
               ,
               or
               by
               direct
               opposition
               ;
               but
               rather
               by
               soft
               perswasion
               ,
               kind
               admonition
               ,
               earnest
               entreaty
               ,
               or
               favourable
               chastisement
               ,
               reduce
               them
               to
               a
               better
               temper
               ,
               and
               furnish
               them
               with
               more
               honest
               principles
               .
               But
               ,
               if
               he
               deal
               with
               a
               refractory
               stubborn
               people
               ,
               he
               must
               menace
               them
               with
               authority
               ,
               and
               terrifie
               them
               with
               severity
               ,
               that
               so
               he
               may
               divert
               them
               from
               such
               execrable
               enterprises
               ;
               perpetually
               meditating
               on
               the
               conservation
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               which
               is
               consummated
               by
               his
               endeavour
               for
               the
               felicity
               of
               Subjects
               ,
               
               and
               his
               extirpation
               of
               sedition
               and
               discord
               ,
               with
               their
               efficient
               causes
               .
            
             
               
                 Aristotle
              
               saith
               ,
               that
               a
               man
               may
               speak
               doubtfully
               upon
               any
               occasion
               twice
               ,
               and
               be
               excused
               :
               but
               if
               he
               trip
               the
               third
               time
               ,
               he
               is
               permitted
               to
               speak
               no
               more
               in
               that
               cause
               .
               Nor
               must
               he
               be
               tedious
               or
               prolix
               ;
               for
               a
               long-winded
               Oration
               ,
               cram'd
               with
               cart-rope
               speeches
               ,
               longer
               than
               the
               memory
               of
               man
               can
               fathom
               ,
               doth
               but
               talk
               them
               into
               dulness
               ,
               and
               sooner
               stupifie
               their
               minds
               than
               quicken
               their
               attentions
               .
               And
               he
               must
               likewise
               suit
               his
               discourse
               to
               the
               capacity
               of
               his
               Auditory
               ;
               for
               ,
               he
               prodigals
               a
               Mine
               of
               Excellency
               (
               saith
               one
               of
               our
               Learned
               Gentlemen
               )
               that
               wasts
               a
               terse
               Oration
               to
               an
               ignorant
               assembly
               ,
               where
               
                 Mercury
              
               himself
               ,
               were
               he
               Orator
               ,
               would
               lose
               his
               labour
               .
               Therefore
               as
               his
               speech
               must
               not
               be
               over-long
               ,
               (
               a
               fault
               that
               
                 Caesar
              
               sometimes
               found
               
                 Cato
              
               guilty
               of
               ,
               and
               reproved
               him
               for
               )
               no
               more
               must
               it
               be
               obscured
               with
               aenigmatical
               sentences
               ,
               or
               intricate
               words
               ,
               which
               puzzle
               the
               Auditors
               rather
               than
               profit
               them
               ;
               and
               by
               labouring
               in
               the
               explication
               of
               the
               terms
               ,
               make
               them
               forget
               the
               subject
               and
               matter
               of
               the
               discourse
               .
            
             
               Now
               it
               importeth
               not
               much
               whether
               his
               
               speech
               be
               penn'd
               or
               rehearsed
               ;
               yet
               the
               reasons
               written
               are
               more
               solid
               ,
               and
               penn'd
               with
               more
               diligence
               ,
               if
               the
               matter
               require
               a
               long
               Oration
               .
            
             
               His
               voice
               should
               be
               manly
               ,
               promising
               of
               gravity
               ,
               not
               effeminacy
               ,
               clear
               and
               audible
               ;
               not
               so
               low
               as
               cannot
               well
               be
               heard
               ,
               nor
               so
               loud
               as
               to
               be
               term'd
               bawling
               .
            
             
               And
               as
               he
               must
               be
               moderate
               in
               his
               speech
               ,
               so
               it
               is
               requisite
               that
               he
               be
               of
               a
               temperate
               mind
               .
               Now
               ,
               Nature
               hath
               so
               ordered
               it
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               a
               kind
               of
               combate
               or
               contention
               between
               the
               mind
               and
               body
               of
               man
               ,
               suspending
               and
               diverting
               his
               disposition
               from
               the
               true
               end
               of
               vertue
               .
               For
               ,
               the
               alluring
               irretiating
               lusts
               of
               the
               body
               do
               labour
               to
               oppress
               and
               enslave
               the
               mind
               ;
               and
               the
               mind
               armed
               and
               fortified
               with
               reason
               ,
               doth
               endeavour
               to
               resist
               and
               oppugn
               them
               :
               and
               that
               vertue
               of
               mind
               is
               called
               Temperance
               ,
               which
               is
               employed
               in
               contemning
               all
               pleasures
               ,
               especially
               those
               that
               are
               known
               by
               the
               senses
               ,
               as
               Taste
               ,
               and
               Touch
               ;
               yet
               doth
               it
               not
               generally
               detest
               all
               pleasures
               ,
               but
               only
               those
               that
               thwart
               vertue
               and
               reason
               .
               Now
               ,
               some
               pleasures
               there
               are
               by
               nature
               lawful
               ,
               and
               others
               unlawful
               ;
               and
               both
               incident
               to
               the
               mind
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               the
               body
               .
               The
               corporeal
               pleasures
               are
               
               bred
               up
               and
               born
               with
               us
               ,
               so
               that
               with
               difficulty
               are
               they
               restrained
               ,
               especially
               in
               those
               men
               that
               take
               more
               delight
               and
               complacency
               in
               the
               exercises
               of
               the
               body
               than
               those
               of
               the
               mind
               ,
               which
               renders
               them
               brutish
               and
               sensual
               .
               Therefore
               the
               body
               must
               submit
               to
               the
               checks
               and
               controulment
               of
               the
               mind
               ,
               and
               by
               this
               means
               man
               may
               attain
               perfection
               .
               All
               Vertues
               conduce
               to
               the
               felicity
               of
               a
               Kingdom
               ,
               but
               Temperance
               alone
               is
               the
               preservatrix
               of
               felicity
               ;
               for
               it
               keeps
               the
               State
               from
               that
               infection
               which
               oftentimes
               ariseth
               from
               excess
               and
               immoderation
               ,
               and
               hath
               subverted
               many
               famous
               Cities
               and
               Countries
               .
               Now
               every
               Senator
               ought
               to
               furnish
               the
               Kingdom
               with
               such
               Laws
               as
               may
               punish
               riot
               and
               excess
               ,
               lest
               the
               Subject
               being
               poyson'd
               therewith
               ,
               Covetousness
               spring
               up
               among
               them
               ,
               the
               mother
               of
               all
               Vices
               .
               We
               read
               ,
               that
               in
               
                 Rome
              
               there
               were
               Laws
               and
               Ordinances
               made
               and
               enacted
               against
               excess
               both
               in
               expences
               and
               apparel
               .
               The
               Lacedemonians
               did
               also
               keep
               their
               feasts
               in
               publike
               places
               ,
               that
               no
               man
               should
               dare
               to
               be
               wastful
               in
               the
               sight
               of
               other
               Citizens
               ,
               and
               so
               encourage
               them
               to
               an
               imitation
               of
               their
               luxuriousness
               or
               extravagancy
               .
               Heretofore
               ,
               the
               Magistrates
               of
               
                 Gallia
                 Belgica
              
               allowed
               
               of
               no
               Law
               nor
               Custome
               that
               might
               make
               the
               people
               effeminate
               .
               And
               at
               this
               day
               ,
               licentiousness
               and
               immoderate
               expences
               are
               inhibited
               by
               Law
               in
               some
               parts
               of
               
                 Italy
                 .
              
               And
               since
               the
               lusts
               of
               men
               are
               insatiable
               ,
               (
               as
               appears
               by
               
                 Catiline
              
               and
               his
               fellow-conspirators
               ,
               who
               being
               thriftless
               and
               licentious
               persons
               ,
               attempted
               to
               make
               war
               against
               the
               Commonwealth
               )
               they
               must
               be
               held
               in
               with
               the
               bridle
               of
               the
               Law
               .
               And
               the
               Senator
               must
               be
               free
               from
               intemperancy
               ,
               that
               so
               he
               may
               be
               an
               example
               for
               others
               to
               follow
               and
               imitate
               ;
               wherein
               let
               him
               take
               pattern
               by
               the
               severity
               of
               the
               
                 Censores
                 ,
              
               who
               were
               the
               Masters
               and
               Tutors
               of
               civil
               temperance
               and
               modesty
               :
               and
               so
               by
               private
               admonition
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               publike
               castigation
               ,
               he
               may
               withdraw
               them
               from
               intemperance
               .
               Nor
               is
               this
               vertue
               without
               her
               Concomitants
               ,
               Modesty
               ,
               Bashfulness
               ,
               Honesty
               ,
               and
               Continency
               .
               And
               by
               these
               ,
               mans
               life
               is
               beautified
               ,
               adorned
               ,
               and
               made
               happy
               .
               Modesty
               (
               say
               the
               Stoicks
               )
               is
               a
               vertue
               that
               containeth
               the
               knowledge
               of
               decent
               speech
               and
               action
               .
               And
               whatsoever
               we
               speak
               or
               do
               ,
               we
               ought
               to
               observe
               a
               mean
               ,
               lest
               we
               expatiate
               on
               a
               subject
               more
               largely
               than
               necessity
               requires
               ,
               forgetting
               the
               Counsel
               of
               
                 Solon
                 ,
                 Ne
              
               
               
                 quid
                 nimis
                 .
              
               Wherefore
               tye
               your self
               to
               a
               comely
               
                 decorum
              
               in
               all
               your
               words
               and
               actions
               ,
               composing
               your
               countenance
               ,
               eyes
               ,
               gesture
               ,
               motion
               ,
               and
               your
               whole
               body
               to
               a
               modest
               posture
               ,
               that
               the
               simplicity
               and
               integrity
               of
               your
               intentions
               may
               thereby
               be
               made
               manifest
               and
               apparent
               .
            
             
               Bashfulness
               sometimes
               gains
               a
               man
               much
               commendation
               ;
               and
               this
               qualification
               renders
               a
               man
               honest
               ,
               and
               induceth
               him
               to
               lead
               a
               good
               life
               ,
               because
               in
               all
               actions
               it
               instructs
               how
               to
               avoid
               all
               reproach
               ,
               obloquy
               ,
               and
               villany
               .
               And
               as
               Justice
               forbids
               the
               wronging
               of
               a
               person
               by
               act
               or
               deed
               ;
               so
               Bashfulness
               teacheth
               a
               man
               not
               to
               be
               offended
               :
               for
               a
               good
               man
               doth
               not
               only
               voluntarily
               abstain
               from
               doing
               injury
               ,
               but
               is
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               ,
               frightned
               from
               it
               by
               Bashfulness
               .
               Yet
               I
               mean
               not
               here
               ,
               that
               Bashfulness
               that
               is
               frequent
               with
               young
               men
               ,
               and
               Offenders
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               compelled
               or
               constrained
               to
               that
               kind
               of
               shamefac'dness
               ;
               and
               that
               perturbation
               of
               mind
               doth
               misbecome
               a
               grave
               and
               temperate
               person
               ;
               But
               that
               that
               we
               hunt
               after
               ,
               ariseth
               from
               a
               vertuous
               disposition
               ,
               and
               so
               gets
               a
               certain
               habit
               or
               exercise
               ,
               accompanied
               with
               a
               fixed
               resolution
               to
               avoid
               all
               evill
               :
               so
               that
               if
               at
               any
               time
               through
               ignorance
               an
               errour
               be
               
               committed
               ,
               we
               remain
               ashamed
               ;
               which
               is
               commendable
               .
               
                 Julius
                 Caesar
              
               engaged
               with
               
                 Pompeius
              
               the
               younger
               at
               
                 Corduba
                 ,
              
               perceiving
               his
               men
               ready
               to
               retreat
               ,
               and
               seek
               for
               refuge
               by
               their
               heels
               ,
               steps
               out
               into
               the
               front
               ,
               and
               there
               in
               person
               behaved
               himself
               manfully
               ;
               which
               the
               Souldiers
               seeing
               ,
               could
               not
               for
               shame
               but
               turn
               about
               ,
               and
               face
               the
               enemy
               again
               ;
               being
               ,
               partly
               by
               the
               valour
               of
               their
               General
               ,
               and
               partly
               by
               their
               own
               shamefac'dness
               ,
               instigated
               thereunto
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               in
               man
               a
               certain
               natural
               instinct
               of
               honesty
               ,
               prompting
               and
               spurring
               him
               on
               to
               the
               performance
               of
               all
               lawful
               actions
               ,
               and
               diverting
               him
               from
               the
               perpetration
               of
               what
               is
               unlawful
               ;
               which
               proceedeth
               from
               vertue
               ;
               and
               therein
               her
               dignity
               resteth
               ,
               though
               sometimes
               it
               ariseth
               from
               fame
               ,
               glory
               and
               opinion
               .
               Now
               ,
               he
               that
               through
               diligent
               observation
               understandeth
               what
               is
               meant
               by
               measure
               ,
               order
               ,
               and
               gravity
               ,
               and
               observes
               this
               sweet
               
                 decorum
              
               in
               his
               words
               and
               actions
               ,
               making
               it
               his
               chiefest
               care
               not
               to
               think
               or
               speak
               any
               thing
               unseemly
               ,
               effeminate
               ,
               or
               licentious
               ,
               may
               be
               termed
               honest
               ;
               and
               the
               power
               of
               honesty
               is
               so
               great
               ,
               that
               of
               it self
               it
               sufficeth
               to
               disswade
               men
               from
               an
               ignominious
               life
               .
            
             
             
               Among
               the
               number
               of
               vertues
               required
               in
               our
               Senator
               ,
               Continency
               &
               Abstinency
               challenge
               no
               mean
               place
               ;
               for
               ,
               they
               not
               only
               contemn
               the
               
                 illecebrae
                 ,
              
               or
               allurements
               of
               inordinate
               desires
               ,
               but
               also
               withhold
               our
               eyes
               from
               beholding
               ,
               or
               our
               hands
               from
               fastning
               on
               them
               .
               Nor
               is
               there
               a
               more
               noble
               spectacle
               ,
               than
               to
               see
               men
               contented
               with
               what
               nature
               and
               industry
               hath
               allotted
               ,
               without
               coveting
               what
               appertains
               to
               others
               ;
               which
               they
               might
               easily
               do
               ,
               did
               they
               but
               consider
               ,
               that
               
                 Natura
                 pauc
                 is
                 contenta
                 :
              
               Nature
               will
               be
               satisfied
               with
               mean
               commons
               .
               
                 Paulus
                 Aemylius
              
               is
               highly
               extolled
               for
               his
               continency
               ,
               who
               converted
               no
               part
               of
               the
               vast
               wealth
               that
               was
               brought
               out
               of
               
                 Macedonia
              
               and
               
                 Spain
              
               to
               his
               own
               private
               use
               ,
               but
               delivered
               the
               whole
               into
               the
               publike
               Exchequer
               ;
               choosing
               rather
               to
               be
               termed
               poor
               ,
               than
               branded
               with
               the
               name
               of
               deceitful
               :
               And
               after
               his
               expiration
               ,
               his
               goods
               being
               sold
               under
               the
               Launce
               
                 (
                 uti
                 mos
                 erat
                 ,
              
               according
               to
               custome
               )
               there
               was
               not
               left
               a
               sufficient
               competency
               for
               his
               Wife
               to
               live
               on
               .
               The
               example
               of
               
                 Scipio
                 Africanus
              
               is
               admirable
               ,
               who
               in
               his
               greener
               years
               ,
               at
               the
               taking
               of
               
                 Carthage
                 ,
              
               being
               but
               twenty
               years
               old
               ,
               had
               there
               (
               among
               many
               other
               captives
               )
               a
               Virgin
               of
               incomparable
               
               beauty
               ,
               yet
               did
               he
               not
               offer
               to
               deflower
               her
               ,
               but
               gave
               her
               to
               a
               man
               unto
               whom
               she
               was
               formerly
               betrothed
               ;
               and
               bestowed
               all
               that
               gold
               upon
               her
               for
               a
               dowry
               ,
               which
               her
               friends
               offered
               for
               her
               redemption
               .
               We
               therefore
               judge
               it
               necessary
               that
               our
               Senator
               be
               continent
               ,
               imitating
               
                 Pericles
              
               in
               his
               advice
               to
               
                 Sophocles
              
               his
               Associate
               ,
               and
               Praetor
               at
               
                 Rome
                 ;
              
               who
               fixing
               his
               eye
               on
               a
               beautiful
               Roman
               Damosel
               ,
               whom
               they
               met
               accidentally
               in
               their
               way
               to
               the
               Senate-house
               ,
               and
               being
               somewhat
               too
               large
               in
               her
               commendation
               ;
               told
               him
               ,
               that
               a
               Senator
               must
               not
               only
               keep
               hands
               free
               from
               corruption
               ,
               but
               also
               chaste
               eyes
               ,
               that
               cast
               no
               wanton
               glances
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               grand
               instigations
               to
               lust
               .
               Wherefore
               ,
               it
               was
               judged
               an
               act
               of
               discretion
               in
               
                 Cato
              
               the
               Censor
               ,
               to
               turn
               
                 Lucius
                 Quintus
                 Flaminius
              
               out
               of
               the
               Senate
               for
               his
               incontinency
               ;
               because
               he
               being
               Consul
               in
               
                 France
                 ,
              
               permitted
               a
               common
               Strumpet
               ,
               at
               her
               request
               ,
               to
               strike
               a
               Prisoner
               that
               had
               his
               Sentence
               past
               ,
               without
               offence
               .
               Nay
               ,
               
                 Manlius
              
               was
               devested
               of
               that
               dignity
               ,
               for
               kissing
               his
               own
               Wife
               in
               the
               sight
               of
               his
               own
               Daughter
               .
               And
               
                 Salustius
              
               for
               adultery
               ,
               and
               light
               actions
               ,
               was
               excluded
               from
               fitting
               (
               had
               it
               been
               so
               with
               us
               ,
               
                 Henry
                 Martin
              
               had
               never
               rested
               so
               long
               
               in
               the
               Parliament-House
               .
               )
               I
               omit
               speaking
               of
               
                 Alexander
              
               the
               Great
               ,
               with
               many
               more
               ,
               who
               by
               their
               continency
               gain'd
               no
               less
               honour
               than
               by
               their
               martial
               triumphs
               .
            
             
               Now
               ,
               it
               is
               most
               certain
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               nothing
               brings
               more
               dishonour
               to
               the
               dignity
               of
               a
               Senator
               ,
               than
               a
               leud
               ,
               debauched
               ,
               incontinent
               life
               ;
               because
               it
               procureth
               private
               obloquy
               or
               reproach
               ,
               and
               defaceth
               ,
               or
               at
               least
               blemisheth
               the
               Majesty
               of
               commanding
               .
            
             
               
                 Sardanapalus
              
               spun
               out
               his
               daies
               among
               the
               Distaff-bearers
               ,
               I
               mean
               women
               ,
               consuming
               all
               his
               time
               in
               incontinent
               exercises
               ,
               wasting
               both
               his
               internal
               and
               external
               substance
               upon
               wanton
               women
               ,
               and
               the
               pleasing
               his
               gust
               ;
               as
               appears
               by
               that
               Epitaph
               ,
               which
               ,
               living
               ,
               he
               commanded
               to
               be
               engraven
               on
               his
               Tomb
               ,
               
                 Ede
                 ,
                 Bibe
                 ,
                 Lude
                 .
              
               Which
               
                 Aristotle
              
               chancing
               to
               spy
               ,
               stopt
               ,
               and
               read
               ;
               and
               smiling
               ,
               said
               ,
               It
               was
               fitter
               to
               be
               fixed
               on
               the
               grave
               of
               an
               Oxe
               ,
               than
               the
               Tomb
               of
               a
               Prince
               .
            
             
               All
               pleasures
               that
               are
               not
               reduced
               to
               necessity
               and
               honesty
               ,
               are
               reproachful
               ;
               and
               
               those
               above
               all
               ,
               draw
               men
               to
               vice
               and
               uncleanness
               most
               ,
               that
               are
               discerned
               by
               the
               touch
               and
               taste
               .
               Wherefore
               the
               Counsellor
               must
               be
               careful
               ,
               that
               neither
               his
               own
               ,
               nor
               the
               life
               of
               his
               Subjects
               ,
               be
               implunged
               into
               the
               mire
               of
               voluptuousness
               and
               obscenity
               ;
               which
               may
               be
               soon
               effected
               ,
               by
               removing
               all
               occasions
               of
               intemperancy
               .
               The
               Lacedaemonians
               used
               to
               shew
               their
               drunken
               servants
               to
               their
               children
               ,
               that
               they
               ,
               beholding
               their
               sordidness
               and
               bestiality
               ,
               might
               abhor
               the
               vice
               of
               excessive
               compotation
               .
               But
               it
               were
               to
               be
               wished
               that
               we
               could
               follow
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               read
               these
               instances
               .
               Great
               was
               the
               moderation
               and
               temperance
               of
               the
               Ancients
               in
               their
               diet
               ;
               for
               ,
               they
               lived
               not
               to
               eat
               ,
               but
               did
               eat
               to
               live
               :
               Though
               in
               these
               our
               modern
               times
               the
               plague
               of
               intemperance
               is
               so
               epidemical
               ,
               that
               more
               men
               are
               infected
               with
               ,
               and
               perish
               thereby
               ,
               than
               by
               the
               rage
               or
               fury
               of
               war
               ;
               and
               it
               is
               the
               mode
               for
               them
               to
               drink
               other
               mens
               healths
               so
               long
               ,
               till
               at
               last
               they
               drink
               away
               their
               own
               .
               Who
               would
               not
               then
               commend
               
                 M.
                 Curius
              
               the
               Roman
               Senator
               ,
               that
               had
               rather
               the
               Embassadors
               sent
               by
               the
               Samnites
               should
               find
               him
               at
               a
               homely
               supper
               ,
               quenching
               his
               thirst
               in
               a
               woodden
               Bowl
               ,
               than
               surrounned
               or
               accommodated
               with
               all
               the
               variety
               
               Nature
               or
               Art
               could
               afford
               ?
               Nay
               ,
               he
               refused
               the
               Gold
               they
               presented
               him
               with
               ;
               saying
               ,
               I
               had
               rather
               command
               those
               that
               are
               rich
               ,
               than
               be
               rich
               .
               I
               need
               not
               mention
               
                 Fabricius
                 ,
                 Fabius
                 ,
                 Tubero
                 ,
                 Cato
              
               and
               
                 Scipio
                 ,
              
               whose
               temperate
               and
               sober
               lives
               have
               eternized
               their
               names
               .
               
                 Hortensius
              
               went
               not
               without
               a
               reproof
               ,
               for
               presenting
               his
               Guests
               with
               a
               boyl'd
               Peacock
               ,
               at
               a
               Supper
               prepared
               for
               the
               Augurs
               .
               And
               
                 Cassius
              
               was
               thought
               intemperate
               ,
               for
               drinking
               a
               little
               water
               in
               publike
               ,
               and
               not
               enduring
               thirst
               for
               a
               small
               time
               .
               Yet
               do
               we
               not
               tye
               our
               Senator
               to
               so
               much
               strictness
               ,
               but
               only
               to
               moderation
               in
               all
               things
               .
               
                 Duronius
              
               was
               removed
               from
               the
               Senate
               ,
               because
               that
               he
               being
               a
               Tribune
               ,
               made
               null
               the
               Law
               for
               the
               restraint
               of
               feasting
               .
            
             
               Surely
               ,
               the
               Roman
               State
               was
               altogether
               happy
               in
               such
               Senators
               ,
               that
               were
               not
               only
               Masters
               of
               Counsel
               ,
               but
               Tutors
               of
               Vertue
               and
               good
               Manners
               .
               Now
               ,
               that
               the
               people
               of
               
                 Rome
              
               were
               temperate
               ,
               even
               to
               admiration
               ,
               may
               be
               conjectured
               from
               what
               is
               reported
               of
               them
               :
               when
               the
               presents
               which
               
                 Pyrrhus
              
               King
               of
               
                 Epire
                 ,
              
               after
               his
               overthrow
               ,
               brought
               to
               
                 Rome
                 ,
              
               were
               publikely
               shewn
               ,
               hoping
               thereby
               to
               gain
               the
               good
               will
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               there
               was
               not
               one
               
               among
               them
               ,
               that
               did
               so
               much
               as
               offer
               to
               stretch
               forth
               his
               hand
               to
               lay
               hold
               on
               any
               of
               them
               ;
               so
               as
               that
               King
               saw
               himself
               twice
               vanquished
               at
               once
               ,
               as
               well
               by
               continency
               ,
               as
               force
               of
               arms
               .
               But
               ,
               when
               excess
               found
               footing
               in
               
                 Rome
                 ,
              
               after
               the
               victory
               obtained
               in
               
                 Asia
                 ,
              
               and
               that
               the
               people
               began
               to
               wantonize
               through
               plenty
               and
               idleness
               ;
               on
               a
               sudden
               ,
               the
               civil
               discipline
               of
               Temperance
               and
               Parsimony
               was
               neglected
               ;
               and
               in
               lieu
               thereof
               ,
               Avaritiousness
               attended
               with
               a
               Legion
               of
               other
               vices
               ,
               soon
               entred
               among
               the
               Roman
               Legions
               ,
               and
               (
               if
               we
               may
               credit
               
                 Salust
                 )
              
               brought
               their
               City
               to
               a
               sad
               and
               lamentable
               Catastrophe
               .
               Nor
               indeed
               is
               there
               any
               thing
               that
               sooner
               works
               the
               ruine
               of
               King
               ,
               Kingdom
               ,
               and
               Subjects
               ,
               than
               excess
               .
               
                 Diogenes
              
               seeing
               a
               Bill
               upon
               the
               door
               of
               a
               Prodigals
               house
               ,
               which
               shewed
               it
               was
               to
               be
               let
               ;
               said
               ,
               I
               knew
               very
               well
               that
               House
               was
               so
               full
               of
               meat
               and
               wine
               ,
               that
               ere
               long
               it
               would
               vomit
               out
               the
               Master
               .
               Now
               't
               is
               most
               certain
               ,
               that
               immoderate
               pampering
               ,
               and
               excessive
               drinking
               ,
               wasteth
               the
               strength
               of
               the
               body
               ,
               and
               prejudiceth
               the
               mind
               .
               Notable
               is
               that
               Law
               of
               
                 Solon
                 ,
              
               whereby
               that
               Senator
               was
               thought
               to
               deserve
               death
               ,
               that
               was
               addicted
               to
               the
               vice
               of
               drunkenness
               .
            
             
             
               
                 Philip
              
               the
               Macedonian
               King
               being
               over-come
               with
               drink
               ,
               past
               sentence
               upon
               a
               woman
               :
               she
               forthwith
               made
               her
               appeal
               ;
               and
               being
               demanded
               to
               whom
               ,
               replied
               ,
               To
               
                 Philip
              
               being
               sober
               .
               And
               without
               doubt
               ,
               excess
               in
               drinking
               depraves
               the
               judgement
               of
               man
               ;
               insomuch
               ,
               that
               Kings
               are
               made
               Slaves
               ,
               old
               Folks
               become
               Children
               ,
               Wise
               men
               are
               infatuated
               and
               made
               fools
               ,
               and
               fools
               turned
               to
               mad
               men
               .
               But
               our
               Senator
               shall
               observe
               the
               old
               rule
               :
               
                 —
                 
                   {non-Roman}
                   {non-Roman}
                   {non-Roman}
                   {non-Roman}
                   {non-Roman}
                
                 .
              
               A
               
                 medium
              
               is
               to
               be
               observed
               in
               all
               things
               :
               we
               must
               eat
               and
               drink
               for
               necessity
               ,
               not
               satiety
               ;
               following
               the
               advice
               of
               the
               Poet
               
                 Anacharsis
                 ,
              
               who
               usually
               said
               ,
               The
               first
               draught
               was
               of
               necessity
               ,
               the
               second
               of
               superfluity
               ,
               and
               the
               third
               of
               madness
               .
               Besides
               ,
               it
               were
               unseemly
               in
               a
               Counsellor
               to
               have
               bloud-shot
               eyes
               ,
               a
               furious
               countenance
               ,
               and
               a
               stammering
               speech
               ;
               all
               which
               imperfections
               are
               the
               customary
               attendants
               of
               drunkenness
               :
               Nor
               will
               it
               become
               him
               ,
               overcome
               with
               meat
               or
               drink
               ,
               to
               snore
               away
               the
               night
               ,
               but
               only
               to
               use
               both
               with
               so
               much
               moderation
               ,
               as
               that
               they
               may
               only
               continue
               health
               ,
               and
               make
               the
               body
               agile
               
               and
               fit
               for
               action
               .
               For
               ,
               by
               moderate
               diet
               we
               find
               ,
               not
               only
               the
               mind
               ,
               but
               the
               body
               more
               submissive
               and
               obedient
               ;
               when
               as
               satiety
               and
               excess
               is
               the
               sepulchre
               of
               the
               one
               ,
               and
               the
               corruption
               of
               the
               other
               .
               We
               find
               
                 Troy
              
               to
               be
               ruinated
               through
               the
               excess
               of
               the
               Inhabitants
               ;
               when
               as
               otherwise
               it
               might
               have
               stood
               to
               this
               day
               :
               
                 Invadunt
                 urbem
                 somno
                 ,
                 vinoque
                 sepul●am
                 .
              
               But
               ,
               although
               we
               discommend
               excess
               in
               both
               ,
               as
               a
               thing
               misbecoming
               ,
               and
               very
               hainous
               ;
               yet
               our
               Senator
               must
               be
               sure
               not
               to
               be
               avaricious
               ,
               niggardly
               ,
               and
               close-fisted
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               an
               argument
               of
               a
               base
               servile
               spirit
               ,
               to
               debar
               himself
               of
               that
               comliness
               and
               order
               that
               is
               required
               in
               the
               Family
               of
               such
               a
               person
               .
               Therefore
               private
               excess
               must
               be
               banished
               ,
               and
               publike
               magnificence
               maintained
               ;
               and
               as
               needless
               and
               superfluous
               delicacy
               is
               to
               be
               avoyded
               much
               more
               than
               penury
               and
               niggardliness
               ;
               And
               ,
               as
               immoderate
               expences
               are
               known
               to
               be
               prejudicial
               both
               to
               the
               Estate
               ,
               Body
               ,
               and
               Mind
               :
               so
               necessary
               and
               convenient
               fare
               is
               both
               comly
               and
               wholsome
               ;
               and
               this
               must
               be
               observed
               with
               respect
               to
               the
               place
               ,
               time
               and
               persons
               .
               For
               ,
               we
               read
               ,
               that
               
               
                 L.
                 Tubero
              
               making
               a
               publike
               Feast
               ,
               covered
               all
               his
               beds
               with
               the
               skins
               of
               Kids
               ;
               and
               in
               so
               doing
               was
               judged
               indiscreet
               ,
               and
               ignorant
               in
               the
               knowledge
               of
               what
               appertained
               to
               publike
               honour
               and
               dignity
               ;
               and
               for
               this
               same
               fact
               ,
               lost
               the
               Office
               of
               Praetor
               .
               Notable
               was
               that
               quip
               that
               a
               Duke
               bestowed
               upon
               a
               Prince
               ,
               to
               this
               purpose
               ;
               who
               with
               his
               noble
               retinue
               being
               invited
               to
               a
               Collation
               ,
               the
               Prince
               altogether
               ignorant
               of
               any
               mode
               used
               at
               Court
               ,
               or
               indeed
               common
               civility
               ,
               suffered
               them
               to
               be
               seated
               without
               cushions
               ;
               which
               the
               Duke
               perceiving
               ,
               put
               his
               Cloak
               under
               him
               in
               lieu
               thereof
               ;
               and
               all
               his
               followers
               in
               imitation
               of
               him
               ,
               did
               the
               same
               ;
               and
               after
               their
               repast
               ,
               left
               their
               Cloaks
               upon
               the
               stools
               ,
               and
               were
               departing
               :
               at
               which
               the
               Prince
               somewhat
               amazed
               ,
               told
               them
               ,
               they
               forgot
               their
               cloaks
               :
               No
               ,
               no
               ,
               replied
               the
               Duke
               ,
               an
               't
               please
               your
               Majesty
               ,
               it
               is
               not
               our
               custome
               to
               be
               so
               uncivil
               ,
               as
               to
               carry
               our
               Cushions
               along
               with
               us
               :
               then
               did
               he
               begin
               to
               understand
               the
               mistake
               ,
               and
               went
               away
               ashamed
               .
               Next
               to
               Temperance
               ,
               Justice
               is
               a
               Vertue
               to
               be
               very
               much
               followed
               by
               our
               Senator
               ;
               of
               which
               in
               the
               next
               Chapter
               .
            
          
           
           
             
               CHAP.
               V.
               
            
             
               Of
               Justice
               and
               her
               concomitants
               ,
               which
               our
               Senator
               ought
               to
               be
               adorned
               with
               .
            
             
               NAture
               hath
               made
               all
               things
               in
               themselves
               good
               ,
               certain
               ,
               perfect
               ,
               and
               in
               all
               respects
               absolute
               ;
               which
               was
               the
               reason
               that
               induced
               the
               Stoick
               to
               believe
               ,
               that
               to
               live
               according
               to
               Nature
               was
               the
               chief
               felicity
               of
               man
               :
               for
               ,
               Nature
               is
               the
               Conductrix
               &
               Tutoress
               of
               perfect
               life
               ,
               instructing
               us
               in
               our
               obedience
               to
               the
               Author
               thereof
               .
               Now
               ,
               this
               harmony
               of
               Nature
               may
               be
               fitly
               called
               Justice
               ;
               for
               ,
               this
               is
               that
               Vertue
               (
               and
               indeed
               
                 Regina
                 Virtutum
                 ,
              
               the
               Queen
               of
               all
               Vertues
               )
               which
               labours
               in
               defence
               of
               the
               Law
               ,
               and
               preservation
               of
               the
               consent
               of
               Nature
               ;
               since
               whatsoever
               complies
               with
               Nature
               ,
               is
               Just
               ;
               and
               what
               dissenteth
               ,
               unjust
               .
               Such
               men
               therefore
               ,
               that
               follow
               the
               dictates
               of
               Nature
               ,
               are
               just
               ;
               being
               it
               is
               contrary
               to
               Nature
               to
               think
               ill
               either
               of
               God
               or
               Man
               .
               Whereupon
               Justice
               is
               of
               three
               sorts
               ,
               (
               though
               there
               be
               many
               subdivisions
               )
               Natural
               ,
               Humane
               ,
               and
               Divine
               .
            
             
             
               The
               first
               foundation
               of
               Justice
               natural
               ,
               proceeds
               from
               Nature
               her self
               ;
               which
               informes
               us
               to
               do
               as
               we
               would
               be
               done
               by
               :
               
                 Quod
                 tibi
                 fieri
                 non
                 vis
                 ,
                 alteri
                 ne
                 feceris
                 .
              
               This
               natural
               equity
               commandeth
               us
               to
               abstain
               from
               doing
               injury
               ,
               or
               offending
               of
               any
               person
               whatsoever
               .
               And
               by
               this
               ligament
               ,
               men
               are
               conglutinated
               or
               co-united
               with
               a
               mutual
               affection
               and
               bond
               of
               amity
               .
               In
               that
               Age
               ,
               which
               is
               known
               by
               the
               name
               of
               
                 Aetas
                 aurea
                 ,
              
               among
               the
               Poets
               ;
               by
               the
               help
               of
               natural
               Justice
               only
               ,
               deceit
               ,
               fraud
               ,
               or
               injury
               had
               no
               residence
               upon
               Earth
               ;
               they
               were
               
                 non-entia
                 ,
              
               no
               such
               things
               to
               be
               found
               in
               Nature
               .
               Then
               was
               there
               no
               sedition
               ,
               tumults
               ,
               or
               hatred
               ;
               but
               benevolence
               ,
               fidelity
               ,
               true
               love
               ,
               and
               real
               affection
               .
               The
               Lawyers
               Profession
               was
               not
               in
               use
               ,
               pleading
               and
               wrangling
               was
               unknown
               to
               them
               ;
               for
               ,
               equity
               and
               Justice
               determined
               all
               things
               ,
               and
               all
               things
               were
               common
               ;
               every
               man
               thought
               that
               his
               own
               goods
               did
               belong
               as
               much
               to
               his
               neighbour
               as
               to
               himself
               .
               They
               that
               lived
               in
               that
               Age
               were
               enforced
               and
               confined
               to
               vertue
               and
               honesty
               ,
               because
               they
               knew
               not
               vice
               ,
               and
               by
               natural
               instinct
               were
               stimulated
               to
               the
               exercise
               of
               Justice
               .
               Of
               this
               happy
               time
               
                 Ovid
              
               sings
               most
               excellently
               .
               
               
                 
                   Aurea
                   prima
                   sata
                   est
                   aetas
                   ,
                   quae
                   vindice
                   nullo
                   ,
                
                 
                   Sponte
                   suâ
                   ,
                   sine
                   lege
                   ,
                   fidem
                   rectumque
                   colebat
                   ;
                
                 
                   Poena
                   ,
                   metusque
                   aberant
                   ,
                   nec
                   supplex
                   turba
                   timebat
                
                 
                   Judicis
                   orasui
                   ,
                   sed
                   erant
                   sine
                   judice
                   tuti
                   .
                
              
               But
               ,
               as
               soon
               as
               the
               Sun
               of
               truth
               declined
               ,
               and
               began
               to
               be
               obscured
               with
               the
               caliginous
               mists
               of
               vice
               ;
               immediately
               the
               minds
               of
               men
               were
               depraved
               ,
               and
               they
               headlong
               without
               fear
               or
               wit
               implunged
               themselves
               into
               an
               Ocean
               of
               filthiness
               .
               Then
               every
               man
               shielded
               himself
               against
               Vertue
               ,
               quite
               contrary
               to
               his
               former
               principles
               ;
               but
               afterwards
               it
               was
               a
               practice
               among
               them
               ,
               lawful
               ,
               to
               scandalize
               and
               prejudice
               all
               persons
               ,
               whether
               in
               goods
               ,
               or
               good
               name
               ;
               to
               lead
               a
               brutish
               ,
               inhumane
               life
               ;
               abuse
               that
               excellent
               gift
               of
               Reason
               ,
               and
               employ
               it
               in
               the
               exercise
               of
               vice
               ;
               as
               the
               same
               Poet
               hath
               it
               ,
               
                 
                   Protinus
                   erupit
                   venae
                   pejoris
                   in
                   aevum
                
                 
                   Omne
                   nefas
                   ,
                   fugere
                   pudor
                   ,
                   verumque
                   ,
                   fidesque
                   ,
                
                 
                   In
                   quorum
                   subiere
                   locum
                   ,
                   fraudesque
                   ,
                   dolique
                   ,
                
                 
                   Insidiaeque
                   ,
                   &
                   vis
                   ,
                   &
                   amor
                   sceleratus
                   habendi
                   .
                
              
               And
               surely
               that
               deluge
               of
               impiety
               had
               over-run
               the
               whole
               race
               of
               mankind
               ,
               had
               
               not
               the
               force
               of
               nature
               and
               reason
               in
               some
               few
               ,
               opposed
               ,
               and
               stood
               as
               a
               trench
               against
               the
               fury
               of
               this
               inundation
               .
               That
               small
               residue
               of
               men
               (
               proclaiming
               war
               against
               vice
               )
               did
               so
               work
               upon
               them
               (
               that
               lived
               like
               brutes
               )
               by
               perswasion
               ,
               as
               to
               reduce
               them
               to
               humanity
               ;
               informing
               them
               how
               to
               live
               ,
               not
               only
               by
               words
               ,
               but
               also
               by
               works
               ;
               what
               Civility
               ,
               Vertue
               ,
               and
               Honour
               was
               ,
               and
               what
               was
               the
               original
               of
               Laws
               in
               Cities
               and
               Countries
               :
               so
               that
               hereby
               they
               might
               be
               instructed
               in
               those
               things
               that
               were
               good
               ,
               honest
               ,
               and
               civill
               .
               From
               hence
               the
               precepts
               of
               vertue
               took
               their
               original
               ,
               and
               vast
               volumes
               of
               the
               duty
               and
               manners
               of
               men
               were
               composed
               .
               This
               consideration
               of
               humane
               nature
               and
               the
               Universe
               ,
               was
               epitomized
               in
               one
               word
               by
               the
               Grecians
               ,
               
                 viz.
              
               
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
              
               ,
               or
               wisdome
               ;
               and
               the
               Authors
               thereof
               were
               termed
               
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
              
               ,
               or
               Wisemen
               ,
               who
               afterwards
               (
               according
               to
               the
               example
               of
               
                 Pythagoras
                 ,
                 )
              
               named
               themselves
               Philosophers
               .
               And
               by
               this
               means
               the
               light
               of
               humane
               reason
               and
               nature
               ,
               that
               was
               benegroed
               with
               the
               clouds
               of
               vice
               ,
               did
               reassume
               its
               pristine
               lustre
               and
               splendor
               ,
               and
               endowed
               us
               with
               the
               knowledge
               of
               divine
               and
               humane
               things
               ;
               which
               knowledge
               is
               called
               Philosophy
               .
               Thus
               was
               that
               golden
               
               world
               restored
               .
               Now
               ,
               that
               duty
               which
               natural
               Justice
               prompts
               us
               to
               observe
               to
               our
               Parents
               ,
               is
               called
               Piety
               ;
               which
               was
               the
               reason
               ,
               that
               
                 Aeneas
              
               by
               the
               
                 Homer
              
               of
               our
               Latine
               Poets
               was
               styled
               Pious
               
                 Aenaeas
                 .
              
               The
               Daughter
               of
               
                 Cimon
              
               was
               adorned
               with
               this
               Vertue
               ;
               for
               she
               fed
               her
               Father
               with
               her
               own
               milk
               ,
               being
               condemned
               to
               die
               ,
               and
               thereby
               did
               eternize
               her
               name
               .
               This
               Justice
               doth
               also
               oblige
               us
               to
               nourish
               and
               cherish
               all
               persons
               in
               distress
               ;
               defend
               and
               govern
               himself
               :
               for
               ,
               he
               that
               by
               wilful
               obstinacy
               destroys
               himself
               by
               famine
               ,
               negligence
               ,
               or
               violent
               death
               ,
               is
               judged
               an
               enemy
               ,
               and
               no
               friend
               to
               Nature
               .
               By
               this
               Justice
               natural
               ,
               we
               are
               engaged
               to
               relieve
               and
               refresh
               our
               necessitated
               friends
               and
               neighbours
               ,
               and
               by
               generation
               to
               propagate
               posterity
               ;
               which
               is
               called
               
                 nodosa
                 aeternitas
                 :
              
               propagation
               is
               a
               knotty
               Eternity
               ;
               for
               ,
               by
               the
               issue
               of
               our
               loyns
               we
               do
               as
               it
               were
               tye
               a
               knot
               ,
               and
               thereby
               lengthen
               our
               name
               and
               family
               .
               
                 Socrates
              
               defineth
               this
               natural
               Justice
               thus
               :
               It
               is
               the
               Science
               of
               good
               and
               evill
               according
               to
               nature
               ;
               which
               that
               man
               that
               exercises
               ,
               deserves
               the
               term
               of
               a
               good
               man
               ;
               and
               if
               he
               communicate
               it
               to
               others
               ,
               the
               title
               of
               a
               good
               Citizen
               ;
               because
               then
               he
               is
               not
               only
               beneficial
               to
               himself
               ,
               but
               to
               
               others
               also
               .
               They
               that
               Nature
               hath
               been
               so
               prodigal
               unto
               ,
               as
               to
               bestow
               singular
               gifts
               ,
               and
               incomparable
               endowments
               on
               ,
               ought
               to
               transcen●…
               all
               others
               in
               this
               natural
               Justice
               ,
               as
               much
               as
               they
               do
               in
               their
               natural
               parts
               ;
               otherwise
               they
               will
               have
               but
               a
               mean
               repute
               (
               if
               any
               at
               all
               )
               in
               the
               world
               .
            
             
               The
               next
               is
               Justice
               divine
               ;
               whereby
               we
               are
               obliged
               and
               bound
               to
               acknowledge
               ,
               love
               ,
               honour
               ,
               reverence
               ,
               adore
               ,
               and
               worship
               God
               :
               And
               it
               hath
               pleased
               Nature
               to
               implant
               this
               knowledge
               in
               man
               ;
               as
               if
               thereby
               she
               would
               intimate
               unto
               us
               ,
               that
               all
               other
               creatures
               do
               only
               feed
               and
               pamper
               their
               bodies
               ,
               whenas
               Man
               should
               aime
               at
               a
               more
               noble
               marke
               ,
               
                 viz.
              
               the
               Deity
               .
               Nor
               is
               there
               any
               people
               upon
               earth
               but
               adore
               some
               God
               or
               other
               ,
               and
               hold
               it
               a
               duty
               incumbent
               upon
               every
               one
               of
               them
               so
               to
               do
               .
               Now
               all
               the
               substance
               and
               force
               of
               this
               Justice
               is
               contained
               in
               Religion
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               worship
               of
               God
               .
               But
               being
               that
               is
               a
               different
               subject
               from
               what
               we
               intend
               to
               expatiate
               on
               ,
               we
               shall
               leave
               the
               prosecution
               thereof
               to
               the
               Clergy
               .
            
             
               Humane
               Justice
               ,
               which
               is
               also
               termed
               sometimes
               civil
               ,
               is
               of
               an
               obscure
               and
               hidden
               nature
               ;
               for
               ,
               although
               it
               receive
               its
               
               being
               from
               Justice
               natural
               ,
               and
               therefore
               the
               precepts
               and
               use
               thereof
               carry
               little
               or
               no
               seeming
               difficulty
               along
               with
               them
               :
               yet
               is
               it
               not
               truly
               conceived
               ,
               unless
               it
               be
               by
               such
               who
               are
               either
               endued
               with
               a
               kind
               of
               divine
               nature
               ,
               or
               have
               been
               employed
               in
               all
               sorts
               of
               vertue
               .
               For
               ,
               this
               Vertue
               requireth
               a
               Learned
               ,
               Wise
               man
               ,
               who
               reasonably
               ,
               constantly
               and
               voluntarily
               practiseth
               it
               .
               And
               such
               our
               Senator
               should
               be
               .
            
             
               All
               civil
               Justice
               consists
               ,
               partly
               in
               the
               preservation
               of
               humane
               society
               ,
               and
               is
               partly
               exercised
               in
               a
               Court
               of
               Judicature
               .
               This
               Vertue
               approveth
               of
               no
               unlawful
               ,
               cruel
               ,
               or
               barbarous
               action
               ;
               but
               embraceth
               honesty
               ,
               tranquillity
               and
               peace
               ;
               endeavouring
               to
               keep
               men
               from
               sedition
               ,
               malice
               ,
               and
               enmity
               ;
               not
               coveting
               
                 aliena
                 bona
                 ;
              
               but
               ,
               
                 unicuique
                 suum
                 tribuens
                 ;
              
               gives
               every
               one
               their
               due
               .
               By
               this
               Vertue
               our
               Counsellor
               becomes
               a
               defender
               of
               the
               common
               people
               ;
               the
               Protector
               of
               the
               innocent
               and
               Orphans
               ;
               and
               a
               debaser
               of
               the
               proud
               and
               haught
               :
               a
               Lover
               of
               those
               that
               are
               good
               ,
               a
               friend
               to
               truth
               ,
               and
               an
               enemy
               to
               vice
               ,
               and
               consequently
               to
               vicious
               persons
               .
               The
               foundation
               of
               this
               Vertue
               is
               fidelity
               ;
               which
               
                 Cicero
              
               defines
               to
               be
               a
               constant
               and
               true
               performer
               of
               promise
               .
               A
               just
               Senator
               
               therefore
               affirms
               the
               truth
               ,
               sticks
               close
               to
               his
               promise
               ;
               standeth
               to
               compacts
               ;
               restoreth
               what
               he
               borrows
               ;
               and
               is
               not
               compelled
               to
               be
               faithfull
               by
               Law
               ,
               testimony
               ,
               or
               oath
               ,
               but
               by
               his
               own
               free
               will
               and
               conscience
               ;
               labouring
               to
               keep
               under
               injustice
               ,
               and
               to
               see
               that
               the
               weaker
               sort
               be
               not
               over-powred
               by
               the
               stronger
               ;
               that
               might
               over-come
               not
               right
               .
               Valiant
               men
               ,
               in
               his
               judgement
               ,
               deserve
               to
               be
               crowned
               with
               reward
               ;
               and
               idle
               ,
               puny-spirited
               subjects
               ,
               the
               lash
               of
               punishment
               ;
               and
               by
               these
               two
               ,
               punishment
               and
               preferment
               ,
               the
               benefit
               of
               a
               Commonwealth
               is
               infinitely
               promoted
               .
               In
               the
               distribution
               of
               offices
               ,
               he
               is
               directed
               by
               the
               rule
               of
               uprightness
               and
               equity
               ;
               hating
               to
               be
               greaz'd
               in
               the
               fist
               with
               bribery
               ,
               reputing
               those
               worthy
               of
               most
               ample
               honour
               ,
               who
               can
               lay
               claim
               to
               the
               greatest
               merit
               .
               Which
               is
               a
               thing
               to
               be
               very
               much
               insisted
               on
               in
               a
               Kingdom
               ,
               or
               Republick
               ;
               because
               ,
               
                 Honos
                 virtutes
                 praemium
                 ,
              
               Honour
               is
               the
               reward
               of
               vertue
               ;
               and
               as
               due
               to
               a
               deserving
               person
               ,
               as
               wages
               to
               an
               hired
               servant
               :
               which
               was
               the
               reason
               ,
               that
               wrought
               the
               Antients
               to
               erect
               stately
               Images
               ,
               triumphal
               Arches
               ;
               and
               publike
               sepulchres
               ,
               open
               commendation
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               ,
               were
               conferred
               on
               men
               of
               service
               and
               desert
               .
               Now
               they
               that
               are
               
               nobly
               educated
               ,
               vertuously
               enclined
               ,
               grave
               and
               ancient
               ,
               deserve
               honour
               and
               reverence
               ;
               and
               that
               either
               by
               bowing
               the
               head
               or
               body
               ,
               in
               giving
               them
               place
               :
               And
               ,
               as
               goods
               are
               of
               three
               sorts
               ,
               
                 viz.
              
               goods
               of
               the
               mind
               ,
               goods
               of
               the
               body
               ,
               and
               goods
               of
               Fortune
               ;
               so
               they
               are
               all
               in
               conferring
               of
               honour
               to
               be
               respected
               .
               Therefore
               those
               of
               the
               mind
               assume
               the
               first
               place
               ;
               those
               of
               the
               body
               the
               next
               ,
               and
               those
               of
               Fortune
               the
               last
               ,
               as
               the
               meanest
               in
               value
               and
               worth
               ,
               though
               now
               adaies
               of
               most
               esteem
               in
               the
               eye
               of
               the
               World
               .
               All
               these
               things
               our
               Senator
               must
               be
               skill'd
               in
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               distribution
               of
               offices
               ,
               and
               conferring
               of
               honours
               ,
               he
               must
               observe
               equality
               ,
               the
               balance
               of
               Justice
               ;
               wherewith
               every
               mans
               manners
               ,
               vertues
               and
               actions
               are
               poized
               and
               examined
               .
               In
               which
               he
               must
               be
               very
               circumspect
               and
               unbyassed
               ,
               lest
               he
               prove
               partial
               ,
               leaning
               to
               one
               side
               more
               than
               another
               ;
               and
               so
               come
               off
               with
               the
               term
               of
               an
               unequal
               Judge
               .
               For
               ,
               he
               that
               bestows
               honour
               ,
               and
               accumulates
               favours
               upon
               the
               undeserving
               ,
               doth
               a
               manifest
               injury
               to
               those
               that
               can
               plead
               desert
               ;
               and
               so
               by
               consequence
               is
               an
               unjust
               Judge
               .
               Wherefore
               Philosophers
               give
               us
               a
               definition
               of
               this
               justice
               ,
               as
               followeth
               :
               It
               is
               an
               habit
               of
               the
               mind
               destined
               to
               common
               
               utility
               ;
               giving
               honour
               to
               every
               person
               that
               may
               be
               judged
               worthy
               of
               it
               .
               And
               among
               those
               vertues
               that
               plead
               for
               an
               interest
               in
               humane
               society
               ,
               equality
               is
               neither
               the
               last
               ,
               nor
               the
               least
               ;
               she
               exercising
               the
               office
               of
               a
               Handmaid
               or
               Lady
               of
               honour
               to
               that
               Queen
               of
               Vertues
               ,
               Justice
               :
               Nor
               doth
               she
               remove
               a
               hairs-breadth
               from
               her
               ,
               but
               sticks
               close
               to
               her
               principles
               and
               precepts
               .
               Now
               this
               equality
               in
               just
               pondering
               and
               weighing
               things
               ,
               and
               persons
               ,
               useth
               a
               double
               manner
               of
               proceeding
               ;
               the
               one
               ordinary
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               common
               ;
               one
               judging
               by
               number
               ,
               weight
               ,
               and
               measure
               ;
               the
               other
               more
               difficile
               and
               secret
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               weighing
               every
               thing
               by
               reason
               and
               judgement
               .
               Which
               knowledge
               is
               only
               attained
               by
               wise
               men
               ,
               and
               those
               that
               are
               exercised
               in
               great
               affairs
               ,
               and
               matters
               of
               importance
               and
               weight
               ;
               and
               the
               other
               by
               those
               that
               are
               chiefly
               employed
               in
               barrating
               ,
               buying
               and
               selling
               .
               Let
               our
               Senator
               be
               skill'd
               in
               that
               knowledge
               that
               proceeds
               from
               reason
               and
               judgement
               ,
               that
               he
               may
               thereby
               understand
               how
               to
               distribute
               offices
               ,
               confer
               honours
               ,
               bestow
               gifts
               ,
               what
               is
               due
               to
               every
               person
               ,
               just
               ,
               good
               ,
               and
               indifferent
               in
               all
               things
               ,
               persons
               ,
               and
               places
               .
               This
               equality
               is
               an
               excellent
               qualification
               ,
               and
               of
               eminent
               
               use
               and
               service
               in
               a
               Kingdom
               .
               And
               where
               Counsellors
               are
               ignorant
               therein
               ,
               we
               find
               but
               raw
               and
               weak
               consultation
               ,
               and
               all
               things
               managed
               at
               randome
               ,
               without
               any
               thing
               of
               certainty
               ;
               to
               the
               disturbance
               of
               publike
               society
               .
            
             
               Another
               kind
               of
               justice
               there
               is
               ,
               which
               is
               commonly
               called
               justice
               forraign
               ,
               not
               much
               unlike
               this
               before
               mentioned
               ,
               chiefly
               conversant
               about
               judgement
               ;
               whose
               foundation
               is
               the
               Law
               ,
               and
               whose
               prop
               or
               support
               is
               the
               judgement
               of
               wise
               ,
               solid
               ,
               discreet
               Senators
               .
               Before
               such
               time
               (
               as
               is
               already
               mentioned
               )
               that
               written
               Laws
               were
               found
               out
               ,
               each
               man
               was
               his
               own
               Legislator
               ,
               and
               prescribed
               his
               own
               peculiar
               Laws
               ,
               not
               diving
               into
               the
               books
               of
               Law-makers
               or
               Doctors
               for
               precepts
               or
               instructions
               :
               For
               ,
               then
               that
               pure
               and
               immaculate
               Virgin
               Justice
               had
               her
               residence
               in
               the
               mind
               of
               man
               ,
               dictating
               unto
               him
               Laws
               and
               Precepts
               ,
               whereby
               he
               led
               an
               upright
               life
               ,
               without
               exercising
               any
               fraud
               ,
               deceit
               or
               collusion
               .
               But
               ,
               as
               soon
               as
               men
               ,
               tired
               with
               the
               strict
               discipline
               of
               justice
               ,
               began
               to
               covet
               their
               neighbours
               goods
               ,
               offer
               injuries
               ,
               and
               neglect
               the
               restauration
               of
               what
               they
               had
               taken
               no
               upon
               credit
               ;
               immediately
               hate
               ,
               dissimulation
               ,
               enmity
               and
               war
               sprung
               
               up
               ,
               and
               gave
               way
               to
               the
               invention
               of
               martial
               weapons
               ,
               as
               well
               offensive
               as
               defensive
               ;
               and
               that
               in
               so
               furious
               a
               manner
               ,
               as
               might
               force
               Justice
               ,
               nay
               ,
               compel
               
                 Jupiter
              
               himself
               to
               give
               place
               :
               thus
               ,
               as
               sweet-tongued
               
                 Ovid
              
               sings
               ,
               
                 —
                 Terras
                 Astraea
                 reliquit
                 .
              
               She
               made
               her self
               wings
               ,
               and
               flew
               to
               heaven
               for
               sanctuary
               ,
               whereever
               since
               she
               hath
               taken
               up
               her
               habitation
               .
               And
               hence
               it
               is
               that
               we
               have
               recourse
               to
               heaven
               in
               our
               dayly
               Orizons
               for
               justice
               .
               
                 Homer
              
               used
               to
               term
               Kings
               inspired
               with
               the
               wisdome
               of
               good
               Government
               ,
               Sons
               of
               
                 Jupiter
                 :
              
               and
               we
               style
               them
               ,
               Gods
               Vicegerents
               .
               And
               since
               reason
               cannot
               prevail
               with
               us
               so
               far
               ,
               as
               thereby
               to
               lead
               a
               quiet
               ,
               peaceable
               ,
               and
               just
               life
               ;
               we
               must
               have
               recourse
               to
               justice
               ;
               who
               by
               her
               Laws
               admonisheth
               ,
               corrects
               ,
               and
               honours
               us
               ,
               preparing
               rewards
               for
               good
               ,
               and
               storing
               up
               punishments
               for
               evill
               actions
               .
               This
               justice
               (
               according
               to
               
                 Ulpianus
                 )
              
               is
               a
               constant
               desire
               ,
               or
               fixed
               resolution
               to
               bestow
               upon
               every
               man
               that
               which
               of
               right
               belongs
               unto
               him
               .
               Now
               the
               ordaining
               and
               enacting
               of
               Laws
               ,
               appertains
               to
               a
               Counsellor
               ,
               as
               the
               most
               discreet
               person
               ,
               and
               
               fit
               for
               that
               office
               .
               And
               
                 Plato
              
               teacheth
               ,
               that
               these
               things
               are
               to
               be
               observed
               in
               constituting
               Laws
               ,
               Acts
               ,
               or
               Ordinances
               .
               The
               Legislator
               must
               enact
               them
               with
               a
               paternal
               love
               ,
               that
               may
               cause
               a
               reciprocation
               of
               filial
               duty
               :
               not
               with
               a
               Lordly
               ,
               tyrannical
               intent
               ,
               yet
               framing
               them
               to
               the
               terror
               of
               malefactors
               ,
               who
               neither
               regard
               Law
               ,
               nor
               reason
               ;
               according
               to
               that
               known
               Hexameter
               ,
               
                 Sic
                 volo
                 ,
                 sic
                 jubeo
                 ;
                 stat
                 pro
                 ratione
                 voluntas
                 .
              
               My
               will
               is
               the
               only
               Law
               that
               I
               own
               or
               acknowledge
               .
               Besides
               ,
               he
               must
               be
               sure
               that
               his
               Laws
               contain
               no
               more
               prescription
               of
               commands
               ,
               than
               discipline
               of
               manners
               ;
               that
               the
               severity
               of
               the
               one
               may
               be
               mitigated
               by
               the
               gentleness
               of
               the
               other
               .
               And
               the
               intent
               and
               end
               of
               all
               Law
               is
               ,
               that
               men
               may
               be
               felicitated
               thereby
               ,
               as
               far
               as
               comes
               within
               the
               compass
               of
               humanity
               ;
               and
               that
               offenders
               may
               receive
               a
               punishment
               sutable
               to
               their
               crimes
               ,
               of
               necessity
               ,
               and
               not
               on
               set
               purpose
               :
               which
               moved
               
                 Justinian
              
               to
               make
               a
               triple
               division
               of
               legal
               precepts
               :
               To
               live
               honestly
               ,
               prejudice
               no
               man
               ,
               and
               give
               to
               every
               one
               his
               due
               .
               He
               therefore
               that
               doth
               abandon
               the
               Law
               ,
               and
               
               follows
               the
               dictates
               of
               his
               own
               corrupt
               will
               ,
               contemning
               the
               Statutes
               of
               a
               Kingdom
               ,
               is
               guilty
               of
               a
               notorious
               crime
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               he
               that
               denies
               God
               ,
               Nature
               ,
               or
               Reason
               .
               
                 Heraclitus
                 ,
              
               that
               stream'd
               away
               his
               time
               in
               tears
               ,
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               That
               all
               men
               were
               as
               deeply
               engaged
               to
               defend
               their
               Laws
               ,
               as
               the
               walls
               of
               their
               City
               ;
               and
               his
               reason
               was
               ,
               because
               that
               a
               wall-less
               City
               might
               be
               preserved
               ,
               but
               a
               Lawless
               one
               could
               never
               ,
               by
               all
               the
               strength
               of
               humane
               invention
               .
               For
               by
               Laws
               they
               expel
               idleness
               ,
               the
               mother
               of
               Vice
               ,
               which
               renders
               the
               mind
               effeminate
               ,
               and
               makes
               it
               grow
               wanton
               .
               
                 Cato
              
               said
               as
               truly
               ,
               as
               pithily
               ,
               
                 Nihil
                 agendo
                 ,
                 male
                 agere
                 didicerunt
                 :
              
               By
               doing
               nothing
               ,
               the
               people
               learn'd
               to
               do
               ill
               .
               
                 Diodorus
              
               mentions
               a
               certain
               Law
               that
               was
               among
               the
               Aegyptians
               ,
               whereby
               every
               Subject
               was
               compelled
               to
               give
               in
               his
               name
               to
               the
               Magistrates
               ,
               withall
               declaring
               what
               kind
               of
               life
               he
               most
               affected
               ,
               how
               he
               lived
               ,
               and
               what
               Art
               he
               exercised
               :
               And
               if
               he
               were
               found
               to
               give
               a
               false
               account
               of
               his
               life
               ,
               he
               was
               put
               to
               death
               .
               
                 Draco
              
               seeing
               the
               Citizens
               wasteful
               ,
               made
               a
               Law
               ,
               that
               he
               that
               was
               found
               idle
               should
               be
               executed
               ;
               which
               being
               too
               severe
               and
               rigid
               ,
               
                 Solon
              
               did
               qualifie
               ,
               punishing
               that
               offence
               with
               infamy
               
               only
               .
               By
               the
               imperial
               Law
               it
               is
               provided
               ,
               that
               idle
               ,
               sloathful
               ,
               and
               thriftless
               Subjects
               be
               either
               whipt
               to
               death
               ,
               or
               enslaved
               .
               In
               every
               Kingdom
               there
               are
               certain
               exercises
               both
               for
               peace
               and
               war
               :
               Some
               are
               bred
               up
               Clergy-men
               ,
               Counsellors
               ,
               and
               Judges
               ;
               others
               ,
               Captains
               ,
               Commanders
               ,
               and
               Souldiers
               :
               that
               so
               the
               Kingdom
               may
               be
               furnished
               with
               Subjects
               in
               Peace
               or
               War
               ,
               and
               by
               their
               actions
               the
               Country
               may
               be
               defended
               from
               the
               invading
               enemy
               ,
               and
               her
               Territories
               or
               skirts
               enlarged
               .
               Nor
               must
               Laws
               be
               often
               altered
               ;
               for
               ,
               as
               soon
               as
               the
               people
               perceive
               any
               mutation
               ,
               their
               minds
               being
               prone
               to
               innovation
               ,
               they
               presently
               desire
               all
               the
               rest
               be
               changed
               and
               subverted
               ;
               though
               sometimes
               necessity
               requires
               that
               they
               be
               corrected
               or
               reformed
               .
               The
               least
               mutation
               in
               a
               Kingdom
               ,
               is
               of
               dangerous
               consequence
               ,
               breeding
               a
               contempt
               of
               Laws
               ,
               and
               sedition
               also
               .
               Wherefore
               the
               
                 Locrenses
              
               had
               a
               Law
               ,
               that
               if
               any
               man
               did
               invent
               a
               new
               Law
               ,
               he
               should
               propose
               it
               to
               the
               people
               in
               publike
               ,
               with
               a
               halter
               about
               his
               neck
               ;
               to
               the
               end
               ,
               that
               if
               it
               were
               judged
               pernicious
               or
               unprofitable
               ,
               he
               should
               be
               forthwith
               hang'd
               ,
               as
               an
               Author
               of
               evill
               .
               And
               it
               doth
               very
               much
               concern
               Princes
               and
               Counsellors
               to
               walk
               according
               to
               
               those
               Laws
               they
               ordain
               ;
               for
               it
               is
               odious
               to
               be
               
                 Legislator
                 ;
                 &
                 Legis
                 violator
                 ;
              
               a
               Law-maker
               ,
               and
               a
               Law-breaker
               :
               for
               there
               is
               nothing
               that
               Subjects
               so
               much
               look
               upon
               ,
               as
               the
               lives
               of
               their
               Superiors
               .
               
                 Regis
                 ad
                 exemplum
                 totus
                 componitor
                 orbis
                 .
              
               All
               Nations
               ,
               all
               the
               World
               over
               ,
               follow
               the
               example
               of
               a
               King
               :
               which
               if
               he
               steer
               his
               actions
               according
               to
               Justice
               ,
               finds
               Subjects
               obedient
               and
               loyal
               ,
               who
               will
               keep
               close
               to
               their
               allegeance
               .
               
                 Seleucus
              
               made
               a
               Law
               ,
               that
               whosoever
               was
               taken
               in
               adultery
               should
               be
               deprived
               of
               both
               his
               eyes
               .
               Afterwards
               his
               Son
               was
               found
               guilty
               of
               that
               Crime
               :
               his
               Subjects
               went
               to
               mediate
               ,
               desiring
               him
               to
               sign
               his
               pardon
               ;
               but
               their
               suit
               prevailed
               no
               otherwise
               ,
               then
               that
               first
               he
               caused
               one
               of
               his
               Sons
               eyes
               to
               be
               put
               out
               ,
               and
               then
               one
               of
               his
               own
               ;
               that
               so
               the
               severity
               and
               reputation
               of
               Law
               might
               be
               observed
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               force
               thereof
               might
               be
               in
               more
               esteem
               than
               the
               authority
               of
               men
               .
               The
               ends
               why
               Laws
               were
               ordained
               ,
               were
               two
               :
               The
               one
               ,
               that
               men
               may
               understand
               Justice
               ,
               and
               have
               entertainment
               among
               them
               ;
               the
               other
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               continue
               .
               The
               first
               ,
               is
               the
               duty
               of
               the
               Law-maker
               ,
               
               who
               frameth
               the
               people
               in
               the
               mould
               of
               Vertue
               .
               And
               the
               second
               is
               the
               Office
               of
               the
               Judge
               ,
               who
               is
               to
               suppress
               the
               exorbitancies
               of
               offenders
               ,
               and
               preserve
               the
               rights
               and
               priviledges
               of
               his
               Country
               .
               Now
               it
               often
               falls
               out
               ,
               that
               dubious
               businesses
               ,
               and
               those
               matters
               of
               concernment
               too
               ,
               are
               brought
               before
               a
               Judge
               ;
               expecting
               his
               determination
               .
               Wherefore
               he
               must
               reduce
               that
               to
               equality
               ,
               which
               he
               thinketh
               unequal
               :
               not
               unlike
               a
               line
               cut
               into
               unequal
               parts
               ,
               and
               that
               part
               which
               is
               found
               too
               long
               is
               cut
               shorter
               ,
               and
               so
               added
               to
               the
               other
               :
               So
               doth
               the
               Judge
               ,
               who
               is
               the
               Living
               Law
               and
               Oracle
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               .
               Nor
               must
               he
               pass
               a
               sentence
               upon
               any
               matter
               ,
               or
               decide
               any
               cause
               ,
               before
               he
               hath
               heard
               both
               Plaintiff
               and
               Defendant
               ,
               and
               examined
               all
               their
               Witnesses
               :
               For
               ,
               as
               
                 Seneca
              
               hath
               it
               most
               excellently
               ,
               
                 
                   Qui
                   statuit
                   aliquid
                   parte
                   inaudita
                   altera
                   ;
                
                 
                   Aequum
                   licet
                   statuerit
                   ,
                   haud
                   aequus
                   fuerit
                   .
                
              
               He
               must
               be
               voyd
               of
               all
               passion
               ,
               hate
               ,
               or
               partiality
               :
               one
               that
               scorns
               bribery
               ,
               will
               not
               be
               daunted
               with
               menaces
               ,
               or
               threatned
               out
               of
               the
               truth
               ,
               or
               moved
               by
               the
               subtilty
               of
               adulation
               :
               for
               ,
               where
               a
               Judge
               ,
               Magistrate
               ,
               
               or
               Senator
               is
               subject
               to
               passion
               ,
               there
               is
               little
               ,
               or
               indeed
               no
               Justice
               in
               his
               Judicature
               :
               nor
               is
               there
               any
               one
               thing
               that
               poysons
               a
               Commonwealth
               or
               Kingdom
               more
               ,
               then
               corrupt
               and
               unjust
               Magistrates
               .
            
             
               Justice
               of
               old
               was
               by
               Philosophers
               painted
               like
               a
               beautiful
               Virgin
               ,
               having
               a
               severe
               grave
               countenance
               ,
               penetrating
               eyes
               ,
               a
               chaste
               look
               ,
               inclining
               to
               gravity
               :
               which
               Image
               carries
               this
               representation
               ,
               that
               Judges
               ought
               to
               be
               incorrupt
               ,
               chaste
               ,
               severe
               ,
               sharp-witted
               ,
               good
               ,
               grave
               ,
               constant
               and
               inexorable
               .
               
                 Cambyses
                 ,
              
               King
               of
               
                 Persia
                 ,
              
               caused
               the
               skin
               of
               an
               unjust
               Judge
               to
               be
               flea'd
               ,
               and
               hung
               up
               in
               the
               Court
               ,
               as
               a
               terror
               to
               all
               those
               that
               were
               unjust
               in
               their
               sentence
               .
               
                 Solon
              
               being
               demanded
               ,
               How
               a
               Kingdom
               might
               best
               be
               preserved
               ;
               answered
               ,
               By
               the
               Peoples
               obedience
               to
               Superiour
               authority
               ,
               and
               the
               Magistrates
               subscription
               to
               the
               Law
               .
               And
               
                 Bias
              
               used
               to
               say
               ,
               That
               place
               was
               most
               secure
               ,
               where
               men
               stood
               in
               awe
               of
               the
               Law
               ,
               no
               less
               than
               of
               a
               Tyrant
               .
               It
               is
               a
               shame
               and
               reproach
               to
               a
               Nation
               to
               have
               Laws
               ,
               that
               like
               the
               Spiders
               web
               ,
               entangle
               the
               weak
               and
               simple
               ,
               and
               let
               the
               strong
               and
               mighty
               escape
               .
               Which
               our
               Senator
               must
               very
               diligently
               observe
               ,
               and
               continually
               provide
               that
               the
               Laws
               be
               preserved
               inviolable
               .
            
             
             
               Justice
               admits
               of
               another
               division
               among
               Moral
               Philosophers
               ,
               and
               that
               is
               Distributive
               and
               Commutative
               .
               Justice
               Distributive
               ,
               is
               that
               that
               respects
               equality
               in
               the
               distribution
               of
               reward
               or
               punishment
               ,
               according
               to
               Geometrical
               proportion
               .
               For
               ,
               as
               there
               are
               several
               degrees
               of
               crimes
               and
               offences
               perpetrated
               by
               the
               impious
               ;
               so
               there
               are
               likewise
               of
               the
               merits
               of
               deserving
               and
               vertuous
               persons
               ;
               In
               regard
               that
               the
               circumstances
               of
               persons
               ,
               places
               ,
               and
               time
               ,
               do
               oftentimes
               aggravate
               the
               crime
               .
               As
               for
               instance
               ;
               He
               that
               offends
               a
               Magistrate
               ,
               deserves
               a
               higher
               punishment
               than
               he
               that
               offends
               a
               private
               person
               :
               And
               he
               that
               commits
               an
               insolency
               in
               the
               Church
               during
               divine
               service
               ,
               or
               in
               Court
               before
               a
               Judge
               sitting
               upon
               the
               Bench
               ,
               must
               be
               more
               severely
               corrected
               ,
               than
               if
               these
               circumstances
               did
               not
               accompany
               the
               fault
               .
               And
               in
               like
               manner
               ,
               the
               different
               conditions
               of
               men
               in
               the
               distribution
               of
               recompences
               ,
               or
               conferring
               of
               honours
               ,
               must
               be
               narrowly
               considered
               and
               pried
               into
               .
            
             
               Wherefore
               it
               is
               apparent
               ,
               that
               in
               the
               distribution
               of
               honour
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               in
               the
               inflicting
               of
               punishment
               ,
               this
               Geometrical
               proportion
               must
               be
               observed
               ;
               because
               that
               by
               this
               means
               we
               observe
               the
               same
               
               proportion
               between
               persons
               ,
               as
               we
               do
               between
               things
               ;
               and
               though
               there
               be
               an
               inequality
               of
               measure
               ,
               yet
               will
               there
               be
               an
               equality
               of
               reason
               .
               As
               thus
               :
               He
               that
               hath
               a
               double
               share
               of
               merit
               ,
               twice
               as
               much
               as
               another
               man
               ,
               deserves
               a
               double
               recompence
               according
               to
               the
               Geometrical
               proportion
               ,
               which
               differs
               from
               the
               Arithmetical
               ,
               observed
               in
               Justice
               Commutative
               :
               for
               the
               latter
               respects
               the
               equality
               of
               quantity
               ,
               and
               things
               distributable
               ,
               without
               regard
               to
               the
               merits
               or
               demerits
               of
               a
               person
               .
            
             
               Justice
               Commutative
               is
               that
               that
               looks
               upon
               equality
               and
               faith
               in
               contracts
               ,
               bargains
               ,
               humane
               commerces
               and
               negotiations
               ;
               as
               buying
               ,
               selling
               ,
               borrowing
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               .
               As
               for
               example
               ;
               the
               same
               sort
               of
               wine
               ,
               oyl
               ,
               corn
               ,
               cloath
               ,
               or
               other
               vendible
               commodities
               ,
               is
               sold
               to
               a
               Magistrate
               as
               well
               as
               to
               a
               Mechanick
               .
               But
               now
               let
               us
               come
               to
               her
               Concomitants
               .
            
             
               And
               first
               of
               Piety
               ;
               by
               which
               we
               please
               God
               ,
               and
               get
               repute
               among
               men
               .
               
                 Numa
                 Pompilius
                 ,
              
               to
               get
               credit
               by
               the
               Religion
               that
               he
               framed
               for
               the
               Romans
               (
               counterfeiting
               Piety
               )
               induced
               them
               to
               believe
               that
               he
               and
               his
               Wife
               
                 Aegeria
              
               used
               to
               convene
               with
               the
               Gods
               in
               a
               certain
               place
               consecrated
               to
               
               
                 Camena
                 ,
              
               and
               there
               did
               receive
               the
               Laws
               and
               Religion
               the
               Romans
               were
               to
               follow
               :
               so
               that
               they
               that
               neither
               by
               the
               softness
               of
               perswasion
               ,
               nor
               the
               violence
               of
               compulsion
               could
               be
               reduced
               to
               Religion
               ;
               by
               a
               counterfeit
               colour
               of
               Piety
               were
               brought
               to
               be
               very
               religious
               .
               And
               if
               so
               among
               them
               ,
               how
               will
               the
               true
               Religion
               prevail
               among
               us
               that
               are
               Christians
               ?
               Yet
               in
               Religion
               two
               things
               are
               to
               be
               declined
               ,
               
                 viz.
              
               heresie
               and
               superstition
               ;
               which
               vices
               pervert
               weak
               instable
               persons
               .
               There
               is
               likewise
               a
               certain
               kind
               of
               Piety
               due
               to
               Parents
               ,
               by
               which
               we
               obey
               ,
               reverence
               ,
               and
               respect
               them
               .
            
             
               Innocency
               is
               another
               of
               her
               Associates
               ;
               which
               Vertue
               affects
               simplicity
               ,
               abhorring
               dissimulation
               and
               hypocrisie
               ;
               wherefore
               ,
               fawning
               Sycophants
               ,
               that
               Dog-like
               will
               
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
              
               ,
               fall
               down
               under
               your
               feet
               ,
               and
               seem
               to
               adore
               you
               ;
               Dissemblers
               ,
               that
               hold
               with
               the
               hare
               ,
               and
               run
               with
               the
               hound
               ;
               carry
               fire
               in
               one
               hand
               ,
               and
               water
               in
               the
               other
               ;
               and
               tale-bearers
               ,
               that
               are
               
                 rimarum
                 pleni
                 ,
              
               full
               of
               chincks
               ,
               no
               sooner
               a
               secret
               can
               be
               committed
               to
               their
               keeping
               ,
               but
               it
               drops
               from
               them
               like
               water
               through
               a
               sieve
               ;
               such
               persons
               are
               to
               have
               no
               place
               in
               the
               Catalogue
               of
               our
               Senators
               .
               And
               as
               
               no
               man
               might
               have
               admittance
               into
               the
               Temple
               of
               
                 Ceres
                 Elucina
                 ,
              
               but
               he
               that
               was
               innocent
               ;
               there
               being
               this
               Superscription
               over
               the
               Portal
               ,
               
                 Let
                 no
                 man
                 enter
                 but
                 he
                 that
                 knoweth
                 his
                 own
                 innocency
                 :
              
               So
               into
               holy
               Council
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               Temple
               of
               Justice
               and
               Truth
               ,
               let
               no
               man
               have
               admittance
               ,
               but
               he
               that
               is
               innocent
               ,
               and
               of
               integrity
               .
               His
               mind
               must
               be
               open
               and
               sincere
               ,
               not
               obscure
               or
               deceitful
               ,
               saying
               one
               thing
               ,
               and
               meaning
               another
               ;
               his
               thoughts
               and
               his
               words
               must
               be
               Relatives
               ;
               his
               tongue
               must
               be
               the
               true
               interpreter
               of
               his
               mind
               ;
               and
               his
               face
               not
               shrowded
               with
               a
               fained
               disguise
               ,
               but
               full
               of
               natural
               sincerity
               .
            
             
               Courteous
               he
               must
               be
               ;
               for
               an
               affable
               debonaire
               disposition
               will
               scrue
               it self
               into
               the
               good
               will
               of
               all
               men
               .
               He
               must
               hear
               with
               patience
               ,
               and
               reply
               with
               discretion
               ;
               free
               from
               all
               sowerness
               and
               insolency
               in
               words
               or
               action
               .
            
             
               Benignity
               is
               another
               thing
               necessary
               ;
               for
               as
               God
               is
               kind
               and
               gentle
               to
               us
               ,
               so
               must
               we
               manifest
               our selves
               to
               those
               that
               are
               a
               sphere
               below
               us
               .
               He
               must
               therefore
               be
               gentle
               ,
               mild
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               sweet
               disposition
               :
               not
               austere
               ,
               supercilious
               ;
               and
               as
               
                 Timon
              
               was
               ,
               
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
              
               ,
               A
               man-hater
               .
               For
               as
               to
               the
               Moderator
               of
               all
               things
               ,
               Religion
               and
               Piety
               
               is
               due
               ;
               so
               is
               love
               and
               benevolence
               unto
               men
               .
            
             
               Next
               ,
               Clemency
               ;
               which
               properly
               appertains
               to
               Magistrates
               ,
               and
               men
               in
               authority
               ;
               for
               by
               vertue
               hereof
               ,
               the
               heat
               of
               their
               displeasure
               towards
               Malefactors
               is
               abated
               ,
               and
               they
               themselves
               qualified
               .
               Her
               opposite
               is
               Cruelty
               ,
               and
               bitter
               extremity
               in
               punishment
               ;
               a
               quality
               proper
               to
               Tyrannical
               and
               inhumane
               persons
               .
               
                 Draco
              
               was
               so
               rigid
               and
               severe
               ,
               nay
               (
               I
               may
               say
               )
               cruel
               ,
               that
               he
               inflicted
               death
               upon
               idle
               persons
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               Murderers
               ;
               and
               being
               askt
               the
               reason
               ,
               replied
               ,
               because
               he
               thought
               that
               punishment
               due
               for
               the
               commission
               of
               a
               petty
               offence
               ;
               and
               for
               those
               of
               a
               higher
               nature
               ,
               he
               could
               not
               invent
               any
               great
               enough
               .
               But
               
                 Scipio
              
               much
               more
               clement
               and
               pitiful
               ,
               could
               say
               ,
               That
               he
               had
               rather
               be
               instrumental
               to
               the
               saving
               of
               the
               life
               of
               one
               single
               Citizen
               ,
               than
               to
               the
               slaughter
               of
               1000
               Enemies
               .
               And
               indeed
               for
               a
               Magistrate
               to
               be
               perpetually
               punishing
               ,
               is
               as
               reproachful
               ,
               as
               to
               see
               Physicians
               alwaies
               killing
               their
               Patients
               with
               their
               Quacksalving
               and
               Emperical
               tricks
               .
               Besides
               ,
               Clemency
               in
               a
               Governour
               creates
               a
               kind
               of
               bashfulness
               or
               fear
               of
               offending
               in
               any
               person
               .
               Yet
               Clemency
               must
               be
               so
               used
               ,
               as
               that
               severity
               ,
               if
               need
               be
               ,
               must
               not
               be
               altogether
               
               neglected
               :
               for
               no
               Country
               can
               be
               well
               governed
               without
               it
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               different
               dispositions
               of
               men
               ;
               for
               a
               harsh
               word
               strikes
               deeper
               with
               some
               ,
               than
               a
               shrewd
               punishment
               with
               others
               .
               Over-much
               clemency
               was
               an
               imperfection
               that
               the
               Stoicks
               would
               have
               all
               wise
               men
               to
               want
               ;
               alledging
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               an
               argument
               of
               an
               ignoble
               mind
               ,
               condescending
               and
               subscribing
               to
               the
               guilt
               of
               other
               mens
               crimes
               and
               offences
               :
               and
               therefore
               such
               men
               may
               be
               assimilated
               to
               fond
               foolish
               women
               ,
               that
               would
               have
               Malefactors
               freed
               from
               the
               lash
               and
               rigour
               of
               the
               Law
               ,
               because
               Crocodile-like
               ,
               after
               the
               commission
               of
               an
               hainous
               offence
               ,
               they
               can
               drop
               a
               deceitful
               tear
               .
            
             
               Next
               ,
               Liberality
               .
               Among
               some
               of
               those
               Vertues
               that
               were
               constellated
               in
               
                 Scipio
                 Africanus
                 ,
              
               this
               is
               not
               the
               least
               ;
               that
               before
               his
               return
               from
               any
               place
               ,
               he
               obliged
               some
               person
               or
               other
               to
               him
               by
               his
               liberality
               .
            
             
               The
               Son
               of
               
                 Titus
                 Vespatianus
              
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               That
               that
               day
               wherein
               he
               had
               not
               bestowed
               some
               benefit
               ,
               was
               utterly
               lost
               .
               Now
               in
               giving
               ,
               these
               two
               things
               are
               observable
               ;
               to
               forget
               the
               benefits
               we
               bestow
               ,
               and
               remember
               perfectly
               what
               we
               have
               received
               :
               for
               ingratitude
               is
               a
               black
               crime
               ;
               
                 Ingratum
              
               
               
                 dixeris
                 ,
                 &
                 omnia
                 dixeris
                 ;
              
               Name
               but
               Ingratitude
               ,
               and
               you
               epitomize
               all
               crimes
               in
               a
               word
               .
            
             
               Magnificence
               is
               the
               next
               concomitant
               of
               Justice
               ;
               which
               Vertue
               consisteth
               in
               large
               expences
               ,
               and
               great
               gifts
               ;
               differing
               from
               Liberality
               in
               this
               only
               ,
               that
               the
               one
               is
               employed
               in
               small
               and
               mean
               ,
               the
               other
               in
               large
               gifts
               .
               Now
               it
               is
               observable
               ,
               that
               Magnificent
               men
               usually
               erect
               Churches
               ,
               build
               Cities
               ,
               Towns
               ,
               and
               Villages
               ,
               and
               employ
               themselves
               about
               such
               things
               as
               may
               either
               redound
               to
               the
               glory
               of
               the
               Creator
               ,
               or
               else
               augment
               the
               fame
               of
               the
               Author
               .
               And
               though
               Parcimony
               be
               judged
               a
               noble
               revenue
               ,
               yet
               must
               not
               our
               Senator
               be
               so
               penurious
               ,
               as
               altogether
               to
               forget
               liberality
               ,
               or
               Magnificence
               ;
               and
               so
               degenerate
               into
               Covetousness
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               malady
               incurable
               :
               which
               as
               
                 Salust
              
               hath
               it
               ,
               doth
               effeminate
               both
               body
               and
               mind
               :
               Delighting
               it self
               in
               two
               things
               ,
               giving
               nothing
               ,
               and
               receiving
               much
               :
               and
               yet
               excess
               must
               be
               avoided
               ;
               so
               that
               the
               middle
               way
               is
               best
               .
               The
               advice
               of
               
                 Apollo
              
               to
               his
               unsatisfied
               Son
               
                 Phaeton
              
               is
               very
               good
               ,
               
                 —
                 Medio
                 tutissimus
                 ibis
                 .
              
               
               Therefore
               that
               no
               man
               might
               exceed
               a
               becoming
               moderation
               in
               expences
               ,
               it
               was
               provided
               by
               a
               Law
               at
               
                 Rome
                 ,
              
               that
               no
               Senator
               should
               be
               indebted
               above
               a
               certain
               sum
               of
               money
               prescribed
               .
               Which
               order
               was
               taken
               ,
               to
               remove
               excess
               and
               superfluity
               in
               expences
               .
               
                 P.
                 Rufinus
              
               was
               deposed
               by
               the
               Censors
               for
               having
               10
               
                 l.
              
               weight
               in
               Silver
               .
               And
               
                 Aemilius
                 Lepidus
              
               having
               spent
               6000
               
                 l.
              
               in
               building
               a
               house
               ,
               was
               devested
               of
               his
               Senatorship
               .
               So
               strict
               were
               the
               ancient
               Romans
               ,
               lest
               the
               Senators
               excess
               should
               move
               the
               Plebeians
               to
               the
               same
               superfluity
               .
               Yet
               we
               allow
               a
               Senator
               far
               more
               liberty
               than
               so
               ;
               for
               ,
               our
               Laws
               do
               not
               so
               narrowly
               confine
               them
               .
            
             
               Next
               ,
               Friendship
               ;
               which
               is
               absolutely
               necessary
               :
               for
               ,
               since
               man
               is
               a
               civil
               person
               ,
               and
               a
               lover
               of
               society
               ,
               he
               cannot
               be
               destitute
               of
               other
               mens
               conversation
               ;
               from
               hence
               ,
               as
               from
               a
               source
               or
               foundation
               ,
               all
               amity
               ,
               marriage
               ,
               or
               consanguinity
               doth
               flow
               :
               And
               he
               that
               endeavours
               to
               deprive
               a
               Kingdom
               of
               united
               friendship
               ,
               doth
               in
               a
               manner
               snatch
               the
               Sun
               out
               of
               the
               firmament
               .
               Friendship
               is
               of
               an
               uniting
               or
               congregating
               quality
               ;
               for
               as
               cold
               congeals
               a
               multitude
               of
               waters
               into
               one
               cake
               of
               Ice
               ,
               so
               Friendship
               makes
               of
               many
               one
               ;
               which
               is
               
               by
               
                 Laelius
              
               defined
               to
               be
               a
               perfect
               consent
               of
               things
               divine
               and
               humane
               ,
               in
               all
               love
               ,
               charity
               ,
               and
               affection
               .
               Yet
               are
               we
               not
               to
               entertain
               any
               person
               at
               the
               first
               sight
               
                 (
                 prima
                 facie
                 ,
              
               as
               we
               say
               )
               as
               a
               friend
               ;
               we
               must
               first
               ,
               according
               to
               our
               Proverb
               ,
               eat
               a
               bushel
               of
               salt
               with
               them
               ,
               that
               so
               we
               may
               dive
               into
               their
               disposition
               ,
               and
               know
               what
               metal
               they
               are
               made
               of
               .
               It
               is
               the
               opinion
               of
               the
               Philosophical
               Tribe
               ,
               that
               that
               amity
               is
               most
               sure
               ,
               and
               best
               grounded
               ,
               that
               is
               nourished
               by
               similitude
               of
               temper
               ;
               for
               where
               mans
               delight
               is
               one
               and
               the
               same
               ,
               his
               affection
               cannot
               be
               divers
               .
               Such
               friends
               were
               
                 Achilles
              
               and
               
                 Patroclus
                 ;
                 Orestes
              
               and
               
                 Pilades
                 ;
                 Damon
              
               and
               
                 Pythias
                 ,
              
               with
               many
               more
               that
               might
               be
               mentioned
               .
               The
               friendship
               of
               the
               two
               last
               was
               so
               great
               ,
               that
               
                 Dionysius
              
               did
               earnestly
               desire
               to
               make
               a
               third
               person
               ,
               that
               so
               there
               might
               be
               a
               Trinity
               of
               friends
               linked
               together
               with
               the
               ligament
               of
               love
               .
               Few
               friends
               are
               best
               ;
               and
               the
               reason
               is
               ,
               because
               perfect
               friendship
               is
               inconsistent
               with
               multiplicity
               of
               persons
               :
               and
               indeed
               they
               that
               delight
               to
               associate
               themselves
               with
               many
               ,
               are
               not
               accounted
               friends
               ,
               but
               sociable
               ;
               for
               it
               is
               one
               thing
               to
               be
               a
               lover
               of
               conversation
               ,
               and
               courteous
               in
               the
               entertainment
               of
               all
               persons
               ;
               and
               another
               thing
               
               to
               be
               a
               friend
               to
               one
               whom
               we
               make
               a
               constant
               companion
               ,
               one
               who
               is
               the
               Manuscript
               wherein
               we
               write
               all
               our
               secrets
               .
               
                 Epaminondas
              
               was
               heard
               to
               use
               this
               expression
               frequently
               ,
               That
               a
               man
               should
               not
               leave
               the
               Court
               till
               he
               made
               an
               addition
               to
               the
               number
               of
               his
               old
               friends
               by
               gaining
               of
               a
               new
               one
               ;
               but
               this
               observation
               tends
               more
               to
               the
               obtaining
               of
               the
               common
               good
               will
               of
               men
               ,
               than
               perfect
               friendship
               .
               Now
               true
               friendship
               requires
               three
               things
               .
            
             
               First
               ,
               Vertue
               ,
               from
               which
               we
               must
               never
               swerve
               ;
               Next
               ,
               Pleasure
               ,
               which
               proceeds
               from
               familiarity
               and
               sweet
               conversation
               ,
               stealing
               away
               the
               tediousness
               of
               melancholy
               hours
               .
               For
               ,
               
                 amici
                 fures
                 temporis
                 .
              
               And
               lastly
               ,
               Profit
               ;
               whereby
               one
               real
               friend
               may
               accommodate
               another
               with
               necessaries
               ,
               when
               stimulated
               by
               that
               Tyrant
               necessity
               .
               Though
               it
               be
               the
               custome
               of
               the
               World
               to
               fawn
               upon
               a
               person
               that
               abounds
               with
               the
               affluence
               of
               all
               terrene
               comforts
               ,
               and
               hath
               high
               and
               mountain'd
               fortunes
               ;
               but
               when
               he
               is
               at
               a
               low
               ebb
               ,
               then
               they
               usually
               forsake
               him
               with
               a
               
                 Benedicite
                 ,
              
               or
               God
               help
               you
               .
               Nor
               can
               you
               try
               a
               real
               friend
               better
               ,
               than
               in
               the
               kick
               of
               malignant
               chance
               :
               Then
               ,
               if
               he
               deserves
               that
               name
               ,
               he
               will
               stick
               close
               to
               you
               ;
               if
               not
               ,
               scoff
               
               at
               your
               meanness
               .
               Well
               might
               the
               Satyrist
               say
               ,
               
                 
                   Nil
                   habet
                   infelix
                   paupertas
                   durius
                   in se
                   ,
                
                 
                   Quam
                   quod
                   ridiculos
                   homines
                   facit
                   .
                   —
                
              
               As
               if
               the
               Poor
               man
               were
               but
               fortunes
               Dwarf
               ,
               (
               saith
               one
               excellently
               )
               made
               lower
               than
               the
               rest
               of
               men
               ,
               to
               be
               laugh'd
               at
               .
               Yet
               ,
               if
               any
               thing
               that
               is
               unjust
               be
               requested
               by
               one
               friend
               of
               another
               ,
               it
               is
               his
               duty
               to
               disswade
               ,
               rather
               than
               encourage
               him
               .
               
                 Pericles
              
               being
               desired
               by
               a
               friend
               to
               assist
               him
               by
               bearing
               false
               witness
               ;
               replied
               like
               a
               Christian
               more
               than
               a
               Pagan
               ,
               
                 Tuus
                 sum
                 usque
                 ad
                 aras
                 ;
              
               I
               am
               yours
               to
               do
               you
               any
               courtesie
               that
               comes
               within
               the
               limits
               of
               my
               power
               ,
               as
               far
               as
               Religion
               gives
               me
               leave
               :
               intimating
               thereby
               ,
               that
               he
               would
               aid
               his
               friend
               so
               far
               as
               justice
               ,
               equity
               ,
               or
               divinity
               would
               permit
               ,
               and
               no
               farther
               .
               Now
               by
               the
               concatenation
               of
               amity
               ,
               and
               co-union
               of
               Senators
               ,
               the
               Kingdom
               is
               as
               it
               were
               linked
               together
               ,
               and
               so
               strengthned
               .
               Whenas
               ,
               who
               can
               expect
               concord
               or
               mutual
               love
               between
               Subjects
               ,
               when
               Magistrates
               are
               disagreeing
               and
               at
               variance
               ?
               
                 Aristides
              
               and
               
                 Themistocles
              
               were
               enemies
               ,
               yet
               whensoever
               they
               went
               out
               on
               publike
               
               Embassage
               or
               Commission
               ,
               being
               arrived
               at
               the
               borders
               of
               the
               Athenian
               Land
               ,
               there
               they
               laid
               down
               all
               contention
               and
               former
               enmity
               ;
               though
               after
               their
               return
               home
               they
               did
               often
               renew
               their
               old
               grudge
               and
               displeasure
               .
               To
               forget
               injuries
               received
               ,
               is
               a
               noble
               part
               ,
               and
               an
               argument
               of
               a
               royal
               spirit
               .
            
             
               Out
               of
               Friendship
               ariseth
               Concord
               ,
               which
               is
               nothing
               but
               civil
               amity
               :
               and
               a
               conspiracy
               or
               plot
               among
               all
               degrees
               of
               men
               to
               maintain
               Liberty
               ,
               Law
               ,
               Justice
               ,
               Fidelity
               ,
               Religion
               and
               Quietness
               in
               a
               Kingdom
               .
               Wherefore
               the
               Senate
               of
               
                 Rome
              
               did
               usually
               sit
               in
               the
               House
               of
               Concord
               ,
               to
               demonstrate
               thereby
               ,
               that
               in
               Council
               nothing
               should
               pass
               contentiously
               .
               
                 Agesilaus
                 ,
              
               King
               of
               
                 Lacedaemonia
                 ,
              
               being
               asked
               why
               
                 Sparta
              
               was
               not
               environed
               with
               walls
               ;
               informed
               the
               Questionist
               ,
               that
               the
               Citizens
               lived
               united
               ;
               and
               shewing
               him
               the
               men
               ,
               said
               ,
               Behold
               the
               walls
               of
               
                 Sparta
                 .
                 Scilurus
              
               blest
               with
               a
               numerous
               off-spring
               ,
               fourscore
               Sons
               ,
               before
               he
               expired
               ,
               produced
               a
               bundle
               of
               arrows
               ,
               and
               bid
               them
               break
               them
               all
               at
               once
               :
               they
               replied
               ,
               It
               was
               absolutely
               impossible
               :
               then
               took
               he
               the
               arrows
               from
               them
               one
               by
               one
               ,
               and
               so
               brake
               them
               all
               ;
               thereby
               exhorting
               his
               Children
               to
               live
               in
               
               concord
               ,
               for
               so
               they
               might
               be
               invincible
               and
               happy
               ;
               whenas
               otherwise
               they
               would
               be
               ruinated
               and
               dispersed
               .
            
             
               In
               like
               manner
               
                 Mycypsa
                 ,
              
               King
               of
               
                 Numidia
                 ,
              
               being
               on
               his
               death-bed
               ,
               assembled
               all
               his
               Children
               ,
               and
               left
               them
               this
               golden
               Sentence
               as
               a
               Legacy
               :
               
                 By
                 concord
                 the
                 smallest
                 inconsiderable
                 things
                 encrease
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 greatest
                 and
                 most
                 considerable
                 by
                 discord
                 come
                 to
                 confusion
                 .
              
            
             
               Hospitality
               is
               a
               companion
               to
               Friendship
               and
               Concord
               ,
               which
               entertains
               strangers
               as
               well
               as
               friends
               ,
               with
               courtesie
               and
               affability
               ;
               which
               Vertue
               redounds
               very
               much
               to
               a
               mans
               credit
               and
               reputation
               .
               The
               priviledges
               belonging
               thereunto
               are
               so
               considerable
               ,
               that
               the
               Romans
               observed
               the
               performance
               of
               the
               rights
               thereof
               even
               to
               their
               very
               enemies
               ;
               and
               would
               never
               joyn
               in
               battel
               with
               them
               ,
               till
               such
               time
               as
               the
               Prisoners
               to
               whom
               they
               were
               indebted
               for
               food
               ,
               were
               manumitted
               .
               
                 Plato
              
               understanding
               that
               it
               was
               impossible
               to
               reduce
               his
               Commonwealth
               to
               a
               happy
               condition
               by
               any
               other
               way
               but
               amity
               ,
               concord
               ,
               or
               hospitality
               ;
               brought
               down
               all
               Laws
               and
               Customs
               to
               friendship
               ,
               making
               all
               things
               common
               ,
               that
               so
               mutual
               society
               and
               love
               might
               be
               conserved
               ;
               affirming
               withal
               ,
               
               that
               that
               brace
               of
               words
               ,
               
                 Meum
              
               and
               
                 tuum
                 ,
              
               were
               like
               a
               pair
               of
               Engines
               framed
               on
               purpose
               to
               unhinge
               the
               whole
               World
               .
            
             
               Now
               ,
               since
               it
               is
               manifest
               ,
               that
               man
               ,
               whilst
               he
               lives
               ,
               floats
               in
               a
               turbulent
               Sea
               of
               vexations
               and
               misfortunes
               ,
               subject
               to
               perils
               as
               considerable
               for
               their
               number
               as
               their
               weight
               ;
               and
               that
               we
               must
               overcome
               them
               by
               patient
               suffering
               ,
               or
               manfully
               revenge
               them
               ;
               we
               must
               next
               discourse
               of
               Fortitude
               ,
               which
               is
               able
               to
               supply
               us
               with
               weapons
               to
               defend
               us
               against
               the
               assaults
               of
               the
               mind
               and
               fortune
               .
               A
               Life
               free
               from
               the
               intermixture
               of
               discontent
               ,
               is
               aimed
               at
               by
               all
               ,
               but
               impossible
               to
               be
               obtained
               by
               any
               :
               for
               Nature
               hath
               so
               ordained
               it
               ,
               that
               care
               ,
               trouble
               and
               molestation
               is
               interwoven
               with
               the
               web
               of
               our
               life
               ;
               so
               that
               as
               our
               more
               gross
               part
               ,
               the
               body
               ,
               is
               burthened
               with
               labour
               and
               toyl
               ;
               so
               our
               more
               spiritual
               part
               ,
               the
               mind
               ,
               is
               disquieted
               with
               discontented
               imaginations
               .
               Nor
               indeed
               can
               we
               tell
               how
               to
               rellish
               Vertue
               ,
               unless
               we
               first
               taste
               of
               discontent
               ;
               for
               ,
               the
               clouds
               of
               sorrow
               being
               overblown
               (
               like
               rest
               after
               labour
               )
               the
               fruit
               of
               felicity
               is
               much
               more
               delightful
               and
               pleasing
               .
               Vertue
               is
               not
               a
               Lady
               that
               loves
               to
               smother
               her self
               in
               down
               ,
               and
               lie
               at
               her
               ease
               ;
               
               
                 —
                 Petit
                 ardua
                 virtus
                 :
              
               But
               she
               affects
               industry
               ,
               triumphing
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               most
               imminent
               danger
               :
               which
               made
               
                 Hercules
              
               forsake
               the
               path
               of
               pleasure
               ,
               because
               it
               was
               wide
               ,
               broad
               ,
               and
               easie
               to
               be
               traced
               ;
               and
               turn
               into
               the
               way
               of
               Vertue
               ,
               whereunto
               the
               passage
               is
               hard
               ,
               and
               the
               ascent
               difficult
               .
               Nor
               must
               we
               only
               despise
               all
               labours
               and
               difficulty
               in
               ascending
               the
               Pyramid
               of
               Vertue
               ;
               but
               when
               we
               are
               possessed
               therewith
               ,
               we
               must
               with
               far
               more
               courage
               and
               magnanimity
               endure
               all
               calamities
               ,
               sorrows
               and
               afflictions
               .
               Now
               there
               is
               no
               misfortune
               ,
               how
               great
               soever
               ,
               but
               she
               can
               withstand
               ,
               and
               with
               her
               own
               power
               overcome
               .
               This
               excellency
               of
               mind
               is
               called
               Fortitude
               ,
               an
               affection
               that
               submits
               to
               Vertue
               by
               constant
               and
               patient
               suffering
               .
               The
               nature
               and
               substance
               of
               Prudence
               ,
               Justice
               ,
               and
               Temperance
               ,
               is
               soft
               and
               effeminate
               without
               Fortitude
               :
               for
               it
               is
               their
               property
               to
               think
               and
               act
               only
               ;
               but
               the
               quality
               of
               this
               Vertue
               is
               to
               think
               and
               execute
               constantly
               ,
               manfully
               ,
               and
               valiantly
               .
               All
               commendation
               due
               to
               Fortitude
               ,
               consisteth
               in
               Domestical
               ,
               and
               Publike
               or
               Military
               actions
               .
               Domestical
               Fortitude
               adorns
               a
               
               Man
               ;
               and
               her
               quality
               is
               to
               remove
               all
               perturbation
               of
               mind
               ,
               Fear
               ,
               Sorrow
               ,
               Anger
               ,
               Voluptuousness
               ,
               and
               every
               other
               exorbitant
               affection
               .
               Fortitude
               Military
               consists
               in
               undergoing
               all
               perils
               and
               dangers
               ,
               all
               labour
               and
               hardship
               ,
               that
               so
               a
               man
               may
               be
               able
               to
               look
               death
               in
               the
               face
               ,
               if
               his
               country
               or
               a
               good
               cause
               require
               it
               .
               He
               must
               look
               to
               lie
               sometimes
               at
               the
               signe
               of
               the
               Star
               ,
               and
               have
               his
               bed
               feathered
               with
               the
               down
               of
               Heaven
               ;
               lie
               down
               a
               Man
               ,
               and
               rise
               a
               Snow-ball
               ;
               gnaw
               Match
               ,
               instead
               of
               Liquorish
               ;
               He
               must
               fear
               nothing
               ;
               contemn
               all
               worldly
               things
               ,
               and
               be
               resolved
               to
               suffer
               whatsoever
               can
               befall
               him
               .
            
             
               Moreover
               ,
               it
               is
               the
               duty
               of
               our
               Senator
               to
               be
               so
               couragiously
               affected
               and
               disposed
               ,
               that
               all
               his
               gifts
               of
               body
               and
               mind
               be
               as
               with
               a
               certain
               sauce
               seasoned
               with
               Fortitude
               ;
               for
               ,
               as
               without
               salt
               all
               meats
               ,
               so
               all
               Vertues
               without
               Fortitude
               are
               judged
               unsavoury
               .
               This
               is
               that
               which
               defendeth
               both
               body
               and
               mind
               from
               the
               cruel
               shock
               of
               misfortune
               .
               This
               is
               that
               which
               renders
               us
               quiet
               and
               peaceable
               in
               Prudence
               ,
               constant
               in
               Temperance
               ,
               and
               stout
               ,
               valiant
               and
               invincible
               in
               Justice
               .
               Yet
               is
               there
               something
               to
               be
               declined
               in
               this
               Vertue
               ;
               as
               being
               fool-hardy
               ,
               proud
               ,
               rash
               ,
               timerous
               ,
               sloathful
               ,
               
               or
               puny-spirited
               ;
               For
               ,
               he
               that
               intends
               to
               gain
               the
               reputation
               of
               valiant
               ,
               must
               be
               pricked
               forward
               by
               no
               other
               spur
               than
               Glory
               ,
               Renown
               ,
               or
               Vertue
               ;
               
                 —
                 Immensem
                 gloria
                 calcar
                 habet
                 .
              
               He
               must
               follow
               the
               conduct
               of
               no
               other
               Captain
               but
               Reason
               ,
               and
               not
               be
               led
               up
               by
               Chance
               ,
               Hazard
               ,
               or
               Desperation
               ;
               alledging
               that
               rash
               piece
               of
               Poetical
               fury
               for
               his
               excuse
               ,
               
                 Una
                 salus
                 victis
                 nullam
                 sperare
                 salutem
                 .
              
            
             
               The
               People
               of
               
                 Numantia
              
               chose
               rather
               to
               be
               massacred
               ,
               than
               yield
               to
               the
               merciful
               enemy
               ;
               and
               the
               Saguntines
               were
               guided
               by
               the
               same
               Precepts
               :
               but
               we
               must
               never
               act
               any
               thing
               desperately
               .
               Well
               might
               that
               Roman
               
                 Demosthenes
                 Cicero
              
               say
               ,
               
                 Injustissimam
                 pacem
                 bello
                 justissimo
                 antefero
                 ;
              
               I
               prefer
               the
               most
               unjust
               Peace
               before
               the
               most
               just
               War
               .
               Now
               he
               that
               despairs
               ,
               flees
               from
               Fortitude
               ;
               and
               it
               is
               an
               argument
               of
               a
               dunghil-spirit
               ,
               to
               seek
               death
               by
               shewing
               the
               heel
               through
               fear
               and
               pusillanimity
               .
               But
               a
               valiant
               man
               despiseth
               life
               judiciously
               ,
               fighteth
               stoutly
               ;
               not
               as
               one
               destitute
               of
               
               all
               hope
               ;
               but
               ,
               because
               he
               is
               grounded
               on
               this
               perswasion
               ,
               that
               it
               becomes
               him
               so
               to
               deport
               himself
               :
               which
               moves
               him
               rather
               to
               choose
               an
               honourable
               death
               ,
               than
               blur
               his
               life
               with
               the
               stain
               of
               reproach
               .
               This
               Vertue
               hath
               many
               Concomitants
               ,
               which
               with
               some
               other
               qualifications
               shall
               be
               the
               subject
               of
               the
               ensuing
               Chapter
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VI
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Fortitude
                 and
                 her
                 Concomitants
                 ,
                 as
                 Magnanimity
                 ,
                 Constancy
                 ,
                 Patience
                 ,
                 Confidence
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
            
             
               THis
               Vertue
               ,
               as
               is
               before
               mentioned
               ,
               wants
               not
               her
               retinue
               of
               other
               Vertues
               .
               And
               first
               ,
               Magnanimity
               ,
               which
               makes
               a
               man
               aspire
               to
               honour
               and
               dignity
               ;
               and
               yet
               by
               the
               help
               of
               vertue
               ,
               imitating
               
                 Marcellus
                 ,
              
               who
               consecrated
               a
               Temple
               to
               Honour
               our
               of
               the
               spoyls
               of
               
                 Syracusa
                 ,
              
               making
               the
               access
               thereunto
               through
               the
               House
               of
               Vertue
               near
               adjoyning
               ;
               perswading
               himself
               ,
               that
               there
               was
               no
               possible
               way
               of
               catching
               at
               honour
               ,
               to
               a
               mans
               credit
               and
               reputation
               ,
               but
               by
               the
               aid
               and
               assistance
               of
               Vertue
               .
               This
               will
               support
               him
               ,
               as
               bladders
               
               do
               a
               young
               swimmer
               ,
               from
               being
               implunged
               into
               despair
               when
               he
               floats
               upon
               the
               waters
               of
               affliction
               .
               The
               fame
               of
               
                 Codrus
              
               shall
               live
               till
               the
               conflagration
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               who
               for
               the
               preservation
               of
               his
               Souldiers
               and
               Country
               ,
               offered
               up
               himself
               a
               sacrifice
               .
               
                 Curtius
              
               and
               
                 Scaevola
              
               are
               immortal
               ;
               the
               one
               ,
               because
               he
               cast
               himself
               into
               a
               merciless
               gulph
               ,
               to
               cure
               
                 Rome
              
               of
               the
               infectious
               Plague
               ;
               the
               other
               ,
               for
               burning
               his
               own
               hand
               ,
               to
               make
               his
               enemies
               sensible
               that
               no
               torture
               should
               deter
               Romans
               from
               prosecuting
               the
               defence
               of
               their
               Liberty
               .
               Heroick
               actions
               embalm
               the
               memories
               of
               Magnanimous
               spirits
               ,
               and
               preserve
               them
               sweet
               and
               fresh
               ,
               maugre
               the
               malignity
               of
               fickle
               Fortune
               ,
               or
               the
               succession
               of
               Ages
               .
               There
               is
               no
               Chronicle
               nor
               History
               in
               which
               they
               shall
               not
               have
               a
               place
               ,
               and
               be
               honourably
               mentioned
               and
               registred
               ,
               for
               Posterity
               to
               imitate
               .
            
             
               Besides
               ,
               our
               Senator
               must
               bestow
               gifts
               voluntarily
               and
               liberally
               ,
               and
               receive
               them
               with
               a
               modest
               blush
               ,
               and
               a
               kind
               of
               unwilling
               willingness
               ,
               following
               the
               counsel
               of
               
                 Hesiod
                 ,
              
               who
               teacheth
               ,
               that
               a
               good
               turn
               received
               should
               be
               returned
               with
               Interest
               ;
               for
               the
               Recipient
               is
               inferiour
               to
               the
               Donor
               .
               
                 Taxilis
                 ,
              
               an
               Indian
               King
               ,
               meeting
               with
               
               
                 Alexander
              
               the
               Great
               (
               as
               
                 Plutarch
              
               informs
               us
               )
               accosted
               him
               in
               this
               manner
               :
               
                 Noble
                 Monarch
                 ,
                 I
                 challenge
                 you
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 war
                 ,
                 or
                 duel
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 another
                 kind
                 of
                 combat
                 :
                 if
                 you
                 be
                 our
                 Inferiour
                 ,
                 receive
                 a
                 benefit
                 ;
                 if
                 our
                 Superiour
                 ,
                 bestow
                 one
                 on
                 us
                 .
              
               To
               whom
               
                 Alexander
              
               replied
               ,
               as
               the
               Story
               farther
               informs
               us
               ,
               
                 This
                 contention
                 is
                 laudable
                 ,
                 and
                 suits
                 with
                 Our
                 Dignity
                 ;
                 for
                 we
                 should
                 endeavour
                 to
                 exceed
                 one
                 another
                 in
                 well
                 doing
                 :
              
               and
               closed
               these
               words
               with
               an
               embrace
               ;
               suffering
               him
               to
               enjoy
               his
               Kingdom
               ,
               with
               additions
               .
               Among
               those
               of
               the
               more
               noble
               extract
               ,
               let
               him
               behave
               himself
               with
               a
               well-balasted
               deportment
               ,
               and
               be
               the
               discreet
               Herald
               of
               his
               own
               praise
               ;
               but
               among
               those
               of
               the
               inferiour
               allay
               (
               the
               vulgar
               I
               mean
               )
               he
               must
               abstain
               from
               so
               doing
               ,
               because
               of
               the
               contrary
               effects
               :
               for
               in
               the
               one
               ,
               it
               attracts
               love
               ;
               in
               the
               other
               ,
               it
               causeth
               hatred
               .
            
             
               Next
               ,
               it
               behoveth
               our
               Senator
               in
               all
               successes
               and
               events
               to
               be
               constant
               and
               unmoved
               ;
               and
               not
               like
               
                 Proteus
                 ,
              
               capable
               of
               receiving
               all
               shapes
               .
               The
               constancy
               of
               
                 Aristides
              
               deserves
               no
               mean
               commendation
               ,
               considered
               as
               he
               was
               a
               Heathen
               ;
               for
               
                 Dionysius
              
               the
               Tyrant
               ,
               demanding
               his
               Daughter
               in
               marriage
               ,
               he
               retorted
               ,
               That
               he
               had
               rather
               see
               her
               wedded
               to
               her
               Grave
               ,
               than
               
               to
               a
               Tyrant
               :
               and
               having
               slain
               her
               ,
               he
               was
               re-demanded
               ,
               whether
               he
               had
               changed
               his
               opinion
               ;
               he
               replied
               ,
               He
               was
               sorry
               for
               the
               fact
               ,
               but
               glad
               that
               he
               had
               so
               exprest
               himself
               .
               Who
               can
               but
               admire
               the
               constancy
               of
               
                 Cato
                 ?
              
               Who
               ,
               if
               we
               may
               relie
               upon
               the
               Records
               of
               the
               Ancients
               ,
               was
               ever
               observed
               to
               keep
               the
               same
               countenance
               ,
               as
               well
               when
               he
               was
               repulsed
               and
               accused
               ,
               as
               when
               he
               was
               Praetor
               :
               being
               still
               immutable
               in
               Counsel
               ,
               War
               ,
               at
               the
               time
               of
               his
               Death
               ,
               and
               when
               that
               pannick
               fear
               agueshook
               his
               whole
               Country
               ;
               
                 Caesar
              
               being
               victorious
               ,
               and
               as
               a
               Tyrant
               usurping
               the
               Government
               of
               the
               Republick
               .
               
                 Xantippe
                 ,
              
               who
               was
               the
               
                 Billingsgate
              
               Wife
               of
               
                 Socrates
                 ,
              
               the
               wife
               Philosopher
               (
               if
               a
               modern
               title
               may
               be
               applied
               to
               an
               ancient
               scold
               )
               could
               utter
               this
               to
               his
               eternal
               honour
               ,
               that
               she
               alwaies
               observed
               he
               went
               out
               and
               returned
               with
               the
               same
               countenance
               ;
               for
               indeed
               ,
               he
               was
               so
               rarely
               qualified
               ,
               that
               no
               violent
               or
               impetuous
               gusts
               of
               adversity
               could
               shake
               him
               out
               of
               his
               constant
               composed
               temper
               .
               Merit
               will
               be
               crowned
               with
               her
               deserved
               bayes
               ,
               
                 Velit
                 nolit
                 invidiae
                 ,
              
               in
               spight
               of
               fate
               ;
               or
               else
               her
               very
               enemies
               will
               lend
               a
               helping
               hand
               .
               It
               becomes
               him
               therefore
               to
               be
               a
               fixed
               star
               ,
               no
               Planet
               ,
               in
               
               his
               own
               Sphere
               ;
               like
               
                 Regulu●
                 ,
              
               who
               rather
               than
               the
               Captives
               should
               be
               restored
               ,
               delivered
               himself
               into
               the
               hands
               of
               the
               
                 Carthaginians
                 .
              
               It
               is
               reported
               ,
               that
               when
               
                 Nicorontos
                 ,
              
               the
               Tyrant
               of
               
                 Cyprus
                 ,
              
               had
               vanquished
               
                 Anaxarchus
                 ;
              
               he
               told
               him
               ,
               he
               might
               
                 prolibitu
                 ,
              
               as
               he
               pleased
               ,
               torment
               and
               wrack
               his
               body
               ,
               but
               he
               could
               never
               prejudice
               the
               constancy
               of
               his
               mind
               ;
               that
               would
               be
               still
               inviolable
               .
               Yet
               he
               must
               be
               wary
               that
               his
               constancy
               extend
               only
               to
               just
               causes
               and
               ends
               ;
               for
               to
               defend
               any
               conceit
               by
               strength
               of
               sophistical
               dissertations
               ,
               against
               the
               opinion
               of
               wise
               men
               ,
               is
               an
               argument
               of
               a
               perverse
               and
               obstinate
               ,
               no
               constant
               disposition
               :
               For
               in
               vain
               were
               all
               our
               consultations
               ,
               if
               like
               the
               River
               
                 Euripus
                 ,
              
               they
               ebb
               and
               flow
               at
               no
               certainty
               .
               In
               Council
               ,
               as
               he
               must
               be
               active
               ,
               so
               like
               a
               stone
               he
               must
               be
               mute
               ,
               and
               not
               divulgive
               ,
               because
               there
               pass
               many
               things
               in
               consultations
               which
               are
               to
               be
               communicated
               neither
               to
               strangers
               ,
               nor
               domestical
               friends
               ;
               and
               it
               is
               the
               property
               of
               a
               light
               and
               unsettled
               head
               ,
               to
               blab
               all
               mysteries
               spoken
               in
               Council
               :
               as
               if
               they
               could
               receive
               nothing
               ,
               but
               like
               squeamish
               stomachs
               they
               must
               immediately
               cast
               it
               up
               .
               The
               Romans
               would
               not
               admit
               the
               Senators
               
                 Pedarii
                 ,
              
               when
               they
               had
               any
               weighty
               matter
               in
               hand
               ,
               nor
               any
               of
               
               the
               Clerks
               to
               be
               present
               ;
               but
               they
               themselves
               debated
               it
               .
               At
               first
               ,
               indeed
               ,
               the
               Senate-house
               was
               open
               to
               all
               young
               men
               ,
               that
               were
               descended
               of
               the
               
                 Patricii
                 ;
              
               till
               after
               that
               noble
               and
               memorable
               part
               acted
               by
               
                 Papyrius
                 ,
              
               they
               were
               forbidden
               ;
               lest
               through
               the
               unsetledness
               of
               greener
               heads
               ,
               the
               secrets
               of
               State
               should
               be
               divulged
               ,
               and
               the
               Republick
               thereby
               damnified
               :
               who
               being
               one
               day
               questioned
               by
               his
               Mother
               ,
               what
               matter
               was
               so
               long
               in
               debate
               among
               them
               ,
               and
               compelled
               to
               give
               some
               answer
               ;
               replied
               merrily
               ,
               Whether
               it
               were
               more
               advantagious
               to
               the
               Common-wealth
               ,
               that
               one
               man
               should
               have
               two
               Wives
               ,
               or
               one
               woman
               have
               two
               Husbands
               :
               and
               so
               by
               dissembling
               the
               truth
               ,
               came
               off
               handsomely
               ,
               satisfying
               his
               Mother
               without
               prejudice
               to
               the
               Senate
               or
               the
               Commonwealth
               .
            
             
               The
               next
               Concomitant
               of
               Fortitude
               is
               Patience
               ,
               which
               (
               according
               to
               
                 Tully
                 )
              
               is
               a
               voluntary
               and
               continual
               enduring
               of
               adverse
               fortune
               ,
               either
               for
               credit
               or
               commodity
               ;
               which
               are
               the
               two
               Poles
               about
               which
               the
               World
               moves
               ;
               and
               the
               use
               hereof
               is
               in
               war
               greatest
               .
               For
               they
               that
               are
               Men
               of
               war
               ,
               Souldiers
               ,
               adventure
               their
               lives
               for
               their
               Country
               ,
               and
               undergo
               all
               perils
               and
               dangers
               whatsoever
               ,
               with
               a
               patient
               ,
               
               resolute
               ,
               and
               undaunted
               mind
               .
            
             
               If
               
                 Coriolanus
              
               had
               taken
               it
               patiently
               when
               he
               had
               a
               repulse
               for
               aspiring
               to
               the
               Consulship
               ,
               he
               had
               manifested
               himself
               discreet
               ,
               and
               his
               life
               had
               not
               been
               attended
               by
               so
               many
               disasters
               .
               Patience
               is
               the
               
                 Panacea
              
               of
               all
               griefs
               :
               for
               things
               past
               that
               are
               irrecoverable
               ,
               may
               be
               endured
               ,
               though
               not
               amended
               .
               He
               that
               cannot
               undergo
               the
               bitter
               chance
               of
               misfortune
               ,
               is
               but
               a
               bearded
               woman
               :
               yet
               in
               the
               exercise
               of
               patience
               ,
               we
               must
               be
               very
               circumspect
               that
               the
               multitude
               and
               greatness
               ,
               the
               quantity
               and
               quality
               of
               injuries
               do
               not
               discompose
               us
               :
               for
               ,
               
                 Laesa
                 patientia
                 fit
                 furor
                 ;
              
               Patience
               abused
               is
               turned
               into
               fury
               .
            
             
               Confidence
               is
               another
               of
               Fortitudes
               Associates
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               certain
               conceit
               or
               assurance
               of
               mind
               that
               we
               shall
               have
               future
               success
               ;
               encouraging
               ,
               and
               fetting
               us
               forward
               to
               the
               atchievement
               of
               noble
               and
               heroick
               performances
               .
               He
               that
               is
               confident
               ,
               is
               a
               perfect
               stranger
               to
               cowardly
               fear
               .
               It
               is
               storied
               of
               
                 Julius
                 Caesar
                 ,
              
               that
               seeing
               
                 Caius
                 Crastinus
              
               prepared
               for
               the
               Pharsalick
               war
               with
               hope
               of
               success
               ,
               asked
               him
               what
               he
               thought
               would
               be
               the
               event
               of
               the
               battel
               :
               whereunto
               
                 Crastinus
              
               (
               holding
               up
               his
               hand
               armed
               )
               answered
               ,
               
                 Caesar
                 ,
                 thou
                 shalt
                 be
              
               
               
                 victorious
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 cause
                 to
                 commend
                 me
                 dead
                 or
                 alive
                 :
              
               which
               accordingly
               fell
               out
               ,
               and
               he
               was
               slain
               in
               the
               skirmish
               ;
               whereupon
               
                 Caesar
              
               assembled
               his
               Army
               ,
               and
               made
               an
               Oration
               in
               his
               praise
               .
               
                 Aristotle
              
               affirms
               ,
               that
               men
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               success
               they
               have
               already
               had
               ,
               judge
               of
               the
               future
               in
               their
               proceedings
               .
               
                 Plutarch
              
               reports
               ,
               that
               
                 Antonius
              
               was
               alwaies
               accompanied
               with
               an
               Egyptian
               Philosopher
               ,
               who
               ,
               by
               the
               calculation
               of
               mens
               looks
               ,
               would
               give
               a
               shrewd
               guess
               at
               their
               disposition
               ,
               fortune
               ,
               and
               destiny
               :
               He
               did
               very
               much
               expatiate
               upon
               the
               felicity
               of
               
                 Antonius
                 ,
              
               but
               more
               upon
               that
               of
               
                 Octavius
                 ;
              
               saying
               ,
               That
               the
               Genius
               that
               waited
               on
               
                 Octavius
              
               was
               more
               powerful
               than
               that
               that
               attended
               
                 Antonius
                 ;
              
               which
               he
               conceived
               ,
               because
               in
               gaming
               ,
               Cock
               ,
               or
               Quail-fighting
               ,
               he
               had
               the
               better
               hap
               ,
               and
               was
               most
               fortunate
               ;
               besides
               other
               conjectures
               .
               It
               is
               thought
               ,
               nay
               ,
               maintained
               ,
               that
               every
               King
               ,
               Prince
               ,
               and
               Person
               hath
               a
               certain
               Guardian
               Angel
               ;
               which
               Spirits
               are
               by
               
                 Homer
              
               and
               
                 Plato
              
               called
               
                 Genii
                 ;
              
               and
               by
               others
               
                 Lares
                 ,
                 Daemones
                 ,
                 Lemures
                 ;
              
               and
               by
               us
               ,
               
                 Angeli
                 :
              
               which
               ,
               as
               they
               affirm
               ,
               assist
               them
               in
               battel
               ,
               and
               inform
               them
               what
               is
               to
               be
               done
               .
               Of
               which
               there
               are
               two
               sorts
               ,
               the
               one
               good
               ,
               the
               other
               evill
               .
               We
               read
               that
               
               
                 Uladislaus
                 Jagelonus
              
               King
               of
               
                 Polonia
                 ,
              
               in
               the
               
                 Prussian
              
               war
               against
               the
               Germans
               ,
               spied
               an
               Angel
               armed
               assisting
               him
               ;
               whom
               he
               religiously
               called
               
                 Divum
                 Stanislaum
                 :
              
               by
               reason
               of
               this
               spectacle
               ,
               he
               fought
               resolutely
               ,
               came
               off
               victorious
               ,
               and
               in
               spight
               of
               the
               Tyrants
               fury
               delivered
               
                 Prussia
                 .
                 Plutarch
              
               tells
               us
               of
               an
               evil
               Angel
               that
               still
               accompanied
               
                 Brutus
                 ;
              
               who
               being
               in
               consultation
               about
               the
               management
               of
               war
               ,
               perceived
               a
               man
               standing
               before
               him
               of
               a
               prodigious
               bulk
               :
               he
               demanding
               of
               him
               ,
               Who
               he
               was
               ;
               received
               this
               answer
               ,
               That
               he
               was
               his
               evil
               Spirit
               ,
               whom
               he
               should
               see
               in
               the
               
                 Philippick
              
               war
               :
               which
               proved
               true
               ;
               for
               thereby
               he
               did
               not
               only
               prognosticate
               his
               ill
               success
               ,
               but
               his
               death
               also
               ,
               which
               accordingly
               happened
               .
               That
               the
               Romans
               relied
               much
               upon
               the
               predictions
               of
               their
               Spirits
               ,
               appears
               ,
               by
               the
               Inscriptions
               of
               the
               Roman
               Coyns
               :
               
                 Genius
                 Augusti
                 ,
                 Genius
                 Senatus
                 ,
                 Genius
                 Populi
                 Romani
                 ;
              
               and
               thereupon
               
                 Ovid
              
               sings
               ,
               
                 Et
                 vigilant
                 nostra
                 semper
                 in
                 urbe
                 Lares
                 .
              
               But
               to
               pass
               by
               all
               these
               Phancies
               ;
               there
               is
               nothing
               conduceth
               more
               to
               the
               perfecting
               of
               a
               Conquerour
               ,
               than
               Confidence
               ;
               which
               our
               
               Senator
               must
               be
               endowed
               with
               ;
               for
               many
               times
               all
               other
               helps
               and
               hopes
               fail
               ,
               when
               this
               remains
               for
               the
               last
               Refuge
               .
            
             
               Security
               brings
               up
               the
               rear
               of
               the
               Concomitants
               of
               that
               Noble
               General
               Fortitude
               ;
               which
               as
               it
               is
               the
               end
               of
               a
               good
               ,
               so
               is
               it
               of
               a
               valiant
               life
               ;
               and
               hereby
               we
               gain
               tranquillity
               of
               mind
               .
               He
               that
               hath
               Security
               ,
               is
               in
               the
               same
               condition
               he
               was
               before
               his
               Birth
               :
               my
               Author
               is
               
                 Cicero
                 .
              
               Now
               ,
               this
               Security
               tends
               to
               a
               peaceable
               and
               quiet
               life
               in
               a
               Republick
               ,
               which
               is
               commonly
               termed
               ,
               Common
               Felicity
               .
               Yet
               our
               Security
               must
               have
               a
               better
               foundation
               than
               an
               airy
               conceit
               ;
               Sloath
               ,
               Carelesness
               ,
               or
               Negligence
               .
               
                 Pompeius
                 ,
              
               being
               Commander
               of
               numerous
               Forces
               ,
               and
               going
               to
               wage
               war
               with
               
                 Caesar
                 ,
              
               seem'd
               secure
               ;
               yet
               some
               of
               his
               captains
               ,
               that
               feared
               the
               vigilancy
               of
               
                 Caesar
                 ,
              
               advised
               him
               to
               be
               diligent
               :
               to
               whom
               he
               said
               ,
               All
               was
               secure
               ,
               and
               they
               might
               
                 in
                 utramque
                 aurem
                 dormire
                 ,
              
               take
               their
               rest
               ,
               and
               sleep
               securely
               .
               But
               this
               Security
               caused
               his
               flight
               ,
               and
               by
               consequence
               his
               overthrow
               .
               This
               is
               an
               errour
               incident
               to
               most
               Kingdoms
               and
               Republicks
               ;
               who
               being
               russetted
               with
               peace
               ,
               and
               grown
               hoary
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               ,
               with
               quietness
               ,
               think
               themselves
               secure
               ,
               when
               as
               they
               are
               sloathful
               ,
               cowardly
               ,
               dull
               ,
               and
               negligent
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Roman
               Empire
               was
               extreamly
               enlarged
               by
               their
               Vertue
               Military
               ;
               insomuch
               that
               their
               Eagles
               flew
               as
               far
               ,
               if
               not
               father
               ,
               than
               the
               current
               of
               their
               Laws
               did
               run
               .
               This
               
                 Metropolis
                 ,
              
               from
               the
               time
               of
               
                 Romulus
                 ,
              
               till
               the
               reign
               of
               
                 Octavius
                 Augustus
                 ,
              
               was
               never
               unarm'd
               .
               But
               
                 Octavius
              
               finding
               a
               general
               peace
               all
               the
               World
               over
               ,
               caused
               the
               Temple
               of
               
                 Janus
              
               (
               which
               stood
               open
               in
               time
               of
               universal
               peace
               only
               ,
               )
               to
               be
               shut
               ;
               as
               if
               thereby
               the
               State
               should
               be
               for
               ever
               secured
               from
               Martial
               tumults
               .
               
                 Rome
              
               being
               by
               this
               means
               secured
               ,
               no
               succeeding
               Emperour
               opened
               the
               Temple
               of
               
                 Janus
                 :
              
               so
               that
               from
               that
               time
               the
               People
               embraced
               an
               idle
               lazy
               life
               ;
               whence
               it
               followed
               ,
               that
               in
               process
               of
               time
               all
               Countries
               ,
               Cities
               and
               Kingdoms
               shook
               off
               the
               Roman
               Yoke
               ,
               and
               purchased
               their
               own
               liberty
               ;
               whereas
               she
               ,
               quite-disarm'd
               ,
               became
               subject
               to
               the
               
                 Goths
                 .
              
               We
               therefore
               approve
               of
               no
               other
               Security
               in
               our
               Counsellor
               ,
               but
               such
               ,
               as
               wanteth
               not
               care
               and
               provision
               to
               repel
               danger
               and
               misfortune
               when
               they
               begin
               to
               encroach
               upon
               us
               .
               And
               happy
               is
               that
               Kingdom
               ,
               that
               in
               time
               of
               peace
               prepares
               for
               war
               .
               It
               will
               not
               be
               amiss
               ,
               I
               presume
               ,
               to
               inform
               you
               what
               men
               are
               to
               be
               judged
               valiant
               ,
               and
               the
               rewards
               due
               unto
               such
               persons
               
               so
               judged
               .
               Some
               there
               are
               ,
               that
               only
               led
               with
               love
               to
               Vertue
               ,
               grounded
               upon
               honest
               Principles
               ,
               choose
               rather
               to
               hazard
               their
               lives
               and
               bodies
               in
               fight
               ,
               than
               in
               time
               of
               necessity
               to
               abandon
               their
               Prince
               ,
               Country
               ,
               or
               Friends
               .
               We
               find
               it
               recorded
               ,
               that
               the
               Roman
               ,
               German
               ,
               and
               French
               Captains
               did
               alwaies
               animate
               their
               Souldiers
               to
               fight
               ,
               with
               perswasions
               of
               the
               efficacious
               power
               of
               their
               great
               Forces
               ,
               the
               Valour
               of
               their
               General
               ,
               the
               Virtue
               of
               their
               Ancestors
               ,
               and
               the
               numerous
               spoils
               taken
               from
               the
               enemy
               :
               but
               the
               Commanders
               of
               
                 Polonia
              
               use
               no
               other
               argument
               or
               compellation
               than
               this
               ;
               Let
               every
               person
               be
               mindful
               of
               his
               own
               Virtue
               ,
               and
               peculiar
               reputation
               :
               which
               only
               Sentence
               did
               satisfie
               the
               
                 Polonians
                 ,
              
               whose
               fixed
               resolution
               it
               is
               to
               fight
               till
               Victory
               seats
               her self
               upon
               their
               Banners
               ,
               or
               die
               in
               the
               Field
               .
               Now
               ,
               he
               that
               stands
               thus
               affected
               to
               Vertue
               and
               Honesty
               ,
               may
               lawfully
               be
               termed
               Valiant
               .
               Which
               sort
               of
               men
               are
               not
               to
               pass
               without
               their
               reward
               ,
               and
               badges
               of
               honours
               ,
               as
               Ensigns
               of
               their
               Loyalty
               and
               Allegiance
               to
               their
               King
               .
               It
               is
               but
               reason
               and
               equity
               ,
               that
               after
               the
               turmoyls
               of
               War
               ,
               they
               should
               be
               cloathed
               with
               long
               Robes
               ,
               and
               enjoy
               the
               tranquillity
               of
               a
               serene
               ,
               quiet
               
               and
               peaceable
               life
               .
               In
               
                 Rome
                 ,
              
               all
               such
               Souldiers
               were
               adopted
               Senators
               ,
               as
               brought
               home
               any
               spoyl
               that
               did
               belong
               to
               the
               Person
               of
               the
               enemy
               ,
               or
               that
               wore
               a
               Garland
               for
               saving
               a
               Citizen
               in
               fight
               .
               Those
               that
               had
               born
               office
               in
               the
               field
               for
               the
               space
               of
               ten
               years
               ,
               were
               admitted
               to
               be
               civill
               Magistrates
               .
               Nay
               ,
               
                 Regulus
              
               being
               removed
               from
               the
               dignity
               of
               a
               Senator
               ,
               was
               so
               much
               disturbed
               at
               the
               affront
               ,
               that
               he
               tore
               his
               cloaths
               ,
               and
               manifested
               the
               wounds
               of
               his
               body
               that
               he
               had
               received
               in
               battel
               ;
               thereby
               claiming
               a
               place
               in
               the
               Senate-house
               ;
               and
               made
               a
               succinct
               relation
               of
               those
               martial
               services
               he
               had
               done
               for
               the
               good
               of
               his
               Country
               ;
               which
               wrought
               so
               much
               upon
               the
               Senate
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               re-admitted
               to
               his
               former
               dignity
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 Peripateticks
              
               affirm
               ,
               that
               anger
               is
               
                 Cos
                 fortitudinis
                 ,
              
               the
               whetstone
               of
               Fortitude
               ;
               and
               men
               lightly
               moved
               thereby
               ,
               attempt
               all
               things
               with
               the
               more
               vivacity
               and
               sprightliness
               .
               Yet
               our
               Senator
               must
               be
               careful
               that
               he
               avoid
               all
               fury
               and
               outrage
               in
               the
               use
               thereof
               ,
               lest
               he
               be
               branded
               with
               madness
               ,
               and
               lose
               the
               title
               of
               Valiant
               ;
               which
               may
               be
               effected
               by
               making
               Anger
               a
               Companion
               ,
               no
               Commander
               of
               Fortitude
               .
               There
               is
               nothing
               more
               misbecoming
               
               any
               man
               (
               especially
               a
               Counsellor
               )
               than
               Anger
               :
               for
               he
               that
               is
               overswayed
               with
               that
               furious
               passion
               ,
               becomes
               like
               a
               brute
               beast
               ,
               whose
               property
               it
               is
               to
               seek
               revenge
               in
               the
               heat
               and
               height
               of
               fury
               .
               Wherefore
               in
               all
               enterprises
               ,
               let
               Honesty
               bring
               up
               the
               front
               ,
               or
               be
               Commander
               ;
               and
               Anger
               be
               Adjutant
               General
               .
               
                 Plato
              
               the
               Divine
               calls
               Anger
               ,
               The
               Sinews
               of
               the
               mind
               ,
               because
               thereby
               she
               is
               stretched
               and
               scrued
               up
               ,
               and
               by
               Lenity
               let
               down
               .
               And
               he
               that
               engageth
               with
               an
               enemy
               ,
               prompted
               to
               his
               enterprize
               by
               no
               other
               instigation
               than
               Anger
               ,
               deserves
               the
               name
               of
               Cholerick
               ,
               and
               not
               Valiant
               ;
               because
               he
               undertakes
               the
               management
               of
               his
               affairs
               ,
               moved
               thereunto
               by
               a
               certain
               perturbation
               of
               mind
               ,
               not
               by
               reason
               or
               honour
               .
               Wherefore
               it
               was
               well
               said
               by
               the
               Epicure
               ,
               
                 Anger
                 is
                 the
                 issue
                 of
                 Madness
                 ;
              
               which
               is
               a
               prejudicial
               to
               the
               health
               of
               the
               body
               ,
               as
               the
               perfection
               of
               the
               mind
               .
               Some
               there
               are
               that
               ascribe
               more
               to
               Fortune
               ,
               than
               ,
               if
               rightly
               considered
               ,
               she
               can
               lay
               claime
               to
               ;
               and
               being
               armed
               with
               this
               conceit
               ,
               only
               cry
               out
               
                 Victoria
                 ,
              
               before
               they
               do
               
                 classicum
                 canere
                 ;
              
               which
               ,
               as
               we
               say
               ,
               count
               their
               Chickens
               before
               they
               be
               hatcht
               .
               For
               although
               the
               force
               of
               Fortune
               be
               great
               ,
               and
               most
               considerable
               in
               
               War
               ,
               (
               because
               it
               is
               most
               prevalent
               in
               those
               things
               where
               reason
               is
               least
               powerful
               )
               yet
               must
               we
               not
               rely
               upon
               her
               so
               much
               ,
               as
               altogether
               to
               forsake
               all
               advice
               and
               consultation
               ;
               for
               ,
               those
               that
               are
               conducted
               by
               reason
               ,
               want
               not
               the
               Auspices
               of
               Fortune
               .
               
                 Hannibal
              
               suing
               for
               peace
               with
               
                 Scipio
                 ,
              
               expressed
               himself
               as
               followeth
               ;
               I
               have
               been
               instructed
               by
               good
               and
               bad
               success
               so
               well
               ,
               that
               I
               am
               sensible
               it
               is
               far
               better
               to
               relie
               on
               Reason
               ,
               than
               Fortune
               .
               For
               she
               often
               fails
               when
               a
               man
               is
               come
               to
               the
               last
               pinch
               of
               extremity
               ;
               and
               there
               is
               nothing
               more
               fickle
               and
               inconstant
               ;
               she
               's
               a
               Female
               ,
               and
               will
               wax
               and
               wane
               twice
               in
               a
               minute
               ;
               and
               blinds
               the
               judgement
               of
               those
               that
               bridle
               not
               her
               head-strong
               fury
               .
               Therefore
               let
               our
               Senator
               be
               
                 suae
                 fortunae
                 faber
                 ,
              
               the
               hammer
               of
               his
               own
               fortune
               ;
               and
               make
               way
               for
               his
               success
               by
               his
               valour
               and
               magnanimity
               ,
               and
               then
               she
               will
               afford
               assistance
               ;
               for
               she
               lacqueys
               reason
               ,
               as
               a
               shadow
               doth
               the
               body
               .
               It
               is
               the
               opinion
               of
               
                 Xenophon
                 ,
              
               that
               in
               war
               evill
               fortune
               accompanies
               the
               bad
               ,
               and
               good
               fortune
               the
               good
               .
               
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 Scipio
              
               and
               
                 Hannibal
              
               were
               fortunate
               ,
               but
               not
               so
               much
               through
               the
               aide
               of
               that
               fickle
               Lady
               ,
               as
               the
               assistance
               of
               Wisdome
               ,
               and
               the
               benefit
               of
               Vertue
               .
               Yet
               he
               
               behaves
               himself
               wisely
               ,
               that
               takes
               Fortune
               and
               Opportunity
               when
               it
               is
               offered
               :
               for
               ,
               
                 post
                 est
                 occasio
                 calva
                 ;
              
               he
               must
               take
               her
               by
               the
               foretop
               ,
               because
               she
               's
               bald
               behind
               ;
               and
               once
               past
               ,
               is
               past
               recovery
               .
               Now
               ,
               some
               there
               are
               ,
               that
               if
               they
               find
               success
               in
               their
               undertakings
               ,
               immediately
               ascribe
               all
               to
               Fortune
               as
               the
               Authoress
               ,
               as
               is
               before
               mentioned
               ;
               yet
               there
               is
               no
               man
               that
               may
               be
               termed
               wise
               ,
               but
               scorns
               to
               make
               her
               the
               Directress
               of
               his
               actions
               .
            
             
               Now
               ,
               to
               the
               perfection
               of
               our
               Senators
               body
               ,
               (
               for
               we
               have
               already
               discoursed
               of
               the
               endowments
               of
               the
               mind
               .
               )
               The
               goods
               of
               the
               body
               consist
               partly
               in
               the
               whole
               body
               ,
               and
               partly
               in
               some
               particular
               members
               thereof
               :
               Health
               ,
               strength
               and
               soundness
               are
               required
               in
               the
               whole
               body
               ;
               but
               perfect
               sence
               ,
               and
               agility
               ,
               and
               activeness
               in
               some
               peculiar
               members
               only
               .
               And
               as
               there
               is
               a
               consent
               or
               harmony
               between
               the
               body
               and
               mind
               ;
               so
               is
               there
               a
               certain
               correspondency
               and
               similitude
               between
               the
               vertues
               of
               them
               both
               .
               Health
               resembleth
               Justice
               ;
               because
               it
               reduceth
               the
               different
               constitutions
               of
               the
               body
               to
               an
               equal
               temperature
               ,
               and
               they
               both
               conspire
               to
               make
               the
               body
               and
               mind
               perfect
               .
               Strength
               is
               compared
               to
               Fortitude
               ;
               because
               they
               
               mutually
               assist
               one
               another
               in
               the
               undergoing
               of
               perils
               and
               dangers
               .
               Soundness
               of
               body
               is
               assimilated
               to
               Prudence
               :
               for
               as
               Prudence
               makes
               a
               reconciliation
               between
               all
               opinions
               and
               judgments
               ,
               till
               they
               shake
               hands
               ;
               so
               in
               a
               sound
               body
               ,
               all
               parts
               unite
               their
               forces
               together
               ,
               to
               make
               it
               up
               perfect
               .
               Health
               doth
               very
               much
               avail
               ;
               for
               in
               all
               our
               actions
               she
               sets
               us
               forward
               with
               courage
               and
               delight
               ;
               whereas
               sickness
               debilitates
               the
               body
               ,
               and
               hinders
               it
               from
               the
               prosecution
               of
               a
               design
               :
               She
               's
               not
               to
               be
               had
               by
               price
               ,
               saith
               the
               Lyrick
               Poet
               ,
               
                 —
                 
                   Non
                   gemmis
                   neque
                   purpura
                   venale
                   nec
                   auro
                   .
                
              
               Neither
               Gold
               nor
               Silver
               can
               purchase
               it
               .
               The
               multitude
               of
               Acres
               will
               not
               cure
               so
               much
               as
               the
               head-ach
               ;
               nor
               the
               tumbling
               over
               of
               your
               Bags
               ,
               the
               rich-Gout
               ,
               Stone
               ,
               or
               Collick
               .
               It
               is
               a
               free
               gift
               of
               the
               Creator
               ,
               as
               from
               the
               prime
               efficient
               ;
               but
               good
               diet
               and
               exercise
               is
               the
               secundary
               cause
               :
               Therefore
               our
               Senator
               must
               take
               heed
               lest
               he
               destroy
               or
               lose
               this
               inestimable
               Jewel
               by
               Intemperancy
               .
               Health
               (
               saith
               the
               Prince
               of
               Orators
               )
               is
               maintained
               by
               knowing
               a
               mans
               own
               body
               ,
               and
               taking
               an
               observation
               of
               those
               things
               which
               agree
               or
               disagree
               most
               
               with
               the
               natural
               constitution
               ;
               as
               also
               by
               continency
               in
               diet
               ,
               and
               contempt
               of
               pleasures
               :
               what
               else
               remains
               ,
               must
               be
               fetch'd
               out
               of
               the
               volumes
               of
               those
               two
               famous
               pillars
               of
               the
               Temple
               of
               
                 Aesculapius
                 ,
                 Galen
              
               and
               
                 Hippocrates
                 .
                 Diogenes
              
               used
               to
               laugh
               them
               to
               scorn
               ,
               that
               thought
               to
               procure
               health
               ,
               being
               distempered
               ,
               by
               sacrificing
               to
               the
               Gods
               ;
               and
               yet
               wallow
               all
               their
               life-time
               in
               debauchery
               and
               excess
               .
               Let
               our
               Senator
               therefore
               be
               ,
               as
               the
               Physicians
               term
               it
               ,
               Sanguine
               or
               Cholerick
               ;
               for
               those
               humours
               encline
               men
               to
               be
               ingenious
               ,
               docible
               ,
               healthy
               ,
               and
               of
               large
               memories
               .
               
                 Aristatle
              
               saith
               ,
               Melancholick
               men
               are
               witty
               ,
               because
               they
               being
               subject
               to
               anger
               ,
               are
               apt
               to
               have
               divine
               cogitations
               ,
               and
               profound
               thoughts
               ;
               yet
               are
               they
               to
               be
               excluded
               from
               Council
               ,
               because
               the
               humour
               most
               predominant
               in
               such
               persons
               is
               cold
               and
               dry
               ;
               which
               makes
               their
               consultations
               solitary
               ,
               sowre
               ,
               sad
               and
               dull
               :
               for
               a
               melancholy
               person
               is
               nothing
               but
               a
               lump
               of
               quickned
               care
               ;
               whereas
               the
               merry
               soul
               is
               blithe
               ,
               pleasant
               ,
               affable
               and
               debonair
               .
               
                 Cicero
              
               chancing
               to
               meet
               with
               that
               passage
               in
               
                 Aristotle
                 ,
              
               that
               melancholick
               persons
               were
               ingenious
               ;
               with
               a
               smile
               ,
               said
               ,
               He
               rejoyced
               extremely
               ,
               that
               Nature
               had
               favoured
               him
               
               so
               far
               ,
               as
               to
               make
               him
               dull
               witted
               ,
               and
               not
               melancholick
               .
               
                 Caesar
              
               being
               desired
               to
               take
               heed
               of
               a
               corpulent
               ,
               merry
               ,
               jovial
               person
               ;
               said
               ,
               Such
               persons
               were
               not
               to
               be
               feared
               ,
               but
               those
               rather
               that
               were
               sad
               ,
               of
               a
               swarthy
               meagre
               complexion
               ;
               pointing
               to
               
                 Brutus
              
               and
               
                 Cassius
                 .
              
               Nor
               do
               we
               approve
               of
               phlegmatick
               persons
               ,
               as
               fit
               for
               Senators
               ;
               lest
               their
               cross
               humour
               be
               a
               disturbance
               to
               all
               the
               rest
               ,
               and
               so
               prove
               offensive
               :
               for
               ,
               as
               the
               motion
               of
               the
               phlegmatick
               is
               Saturnine
               ,
               slow
               and
               dull
               ;
               so
               likewise
               is
               the
               disposition
               of
               their
               mind
               .
            
             
               Good
               proportion
               and
               comliness
               of
               bodie
               is
               requisite
               in
               our
               Senator
               ;
               for
               according
               to
               the
               Poet
               ,
               
                 Gratior
                 est
                 pulchro
                 veniens
                 &
                 corpore
                 virtus
                 .
              
               Now
               I
               call
               that
               comliness
               in
               him
               ,
               which
               shews
               him
               to
               be
               manly
               ,
               and
               not
               effeminate
               .
               
                 Aristotle
              
               saith
               ,
               in
               tall
               persons
               there
               is
               no
               great
               vertue
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               short
               or
               low
               of
               stature
               ,
               little
               ;
               therefore
               let
               him
               be
               of
               a
               moderate
               size
               .
               His
               body
               must
               not
               be
               gross
               ,
               nor
               yet
               lean
               and
               dry
               ,
               like
               a
               Skeleton
               or
               Anatomy
               .
               For
               ,
               the
               former
               is
               unapt
               for
               travel
               ,
               and
               the
               latter
               over-weak
               to
               endure
               hardship
               .
               Besides
               ,
               great
               notice
               should
               
               be
               taken
               of
               those
               that
               Nature
               hath
               mark'd
               with
               any
               deformity
               ,
               or
               defect
               of
               Member
               ,
               as
               the
               want
               of
               an
               eye
               :
               For
               such
               persons
               are
               counted
               crafty
               and
               subtile
               ,
               and
               so
               unfit
               for
               Consultation
               ,
               (
               had
               this
               been
               observed
               among
               us
               ,
               
                 Hewson
              
               had
               never
               sate
               so
               oft
               in
               Council
               .
               )
               Yet
               ,
               notwithstanding
               all
               these
               niceties
               of
               features
               and
               comeliness
               ,
               if
               any
               such
               person
               ,
               though
               deformed
               in
               body
               ,
               be
               perfect
               in
               mind
               ;
               he
               shall
               be
               admitted
               :
               for
               the
               excellency
               of
               Vertue
               over-comes
               the
               imperfection
               of
               Nature
               .
               And
               though
               the
               inward
               disposition
               is
               sometimes
               known
               by
               the
               outward
               complexion
               ;
               yet
               is
               not
               the
               conjecture
               of
               the
               virtues
               of
               the
               mind
               by
               the
               lineaments
               of
               the
               body
               so
               certain
               ,
               but
               that
               it
               may
               fail
               :
               for
               many
               there
               be
               ,
               who
               are
               rough-hewn
               without
               ,
               but
               neatly
               polisht
               within
               .
               Nor
               can
               deformity
               of
               body
               blemish
               the
               mind
               ,
               though
               the
               beauty
               of
               the
               mind
               beautifie
               that
               of
               the
               body
               .
               Nor
               doth
               Vertue
               confine
               her self
               either
               to
               beauty
               or
               deformity
               ,
               meanness
               or
               greatness
               ;
               but
               sometimes
               dwels
               with
               russet
               honesty
               ,
               in
               the
               low
               cottage
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               with
               plumed
               gallantry
               in
               lofty
               Palaces
               .
               So
               that
               not
               the
               countenance
               of
               a
               Senator
               is
               altogether
               to
               be
               regarded
               ,
               but
               his
               mind
               and
               qualifications
               .
            
             
             
               Now
               ,
               to
               the
               Robes
               and
               Vesture
               of
               our
               Senator
               :
               He
               must
               be
               decently
               apparelled
               ,
               according
               to
               his
               degree
               and
               dignity
               ;
               for
               the
               comely
               ornament
               of
               a
               garment
               adds
               a
               reverence
               to
               his
               person
               ;
               and
               by
               his
               Robes
               he
               is
               distinguished
               from
               all
               other
               sorts
               and
               kinds
               of
               persons
               .
               The
               Roman
               Senators
               wore
               a
               Garment
               set
               full
               of
               studs
               or
               tufts
               of
               Gold
               ;
               and
               on
               their
               Hose
               did
               they
               wear
               the
               form
               of
               the
               Moon
               ;
               which
               was
               the
               cognizance
               or
               hadge
               of
               great
               honour
               .
               This
               kind
               of
               Ornament
               the
               Romans
               were
               beholding
               to
               other
               Nations
               for
               ,
               according
               to
               all
               probability
               ;
               for
               
                 Isaiah
              
               the
               Prophet
               foretold
               the
               Noble
               women
               of
               
                 Judaea
                 ,
              
               that
               God
               would
               take
               away
               those
               Moons
               and
               Ornaments
               of
               the
               Hose
               .
               
                 Plutarch
              
               alledgeth
               four
               causes
               of
               this
               fashioned
               Hose
               among
               the
               Romans
               ,
               which
               for
               the
               Readers
               delight
               and
               recreation
               I
               shall
               here
               rehearse
               .
            
             
               First
               ,
               Because
               their
               superstition
               taught
               them
               ,
               that
               the
               souls
               of
               their
               
                 Heroes
              
               should
               be
               led
               the
               nearest
               way
               to
               Heaven
               by
               the
               light
               of
               the
               Moon
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               was
               ,
               that
               the
               Sign
               of
               the
               Moon
               did
               manifest
               their
               descent
               from
               the
               
                 Arcadians
                 ,
              
               who
               came
               into
               
                 Italy
              
               with
               
                 Evander
                 ;
              
               and
               the
               
                 Arcadians
              
               were
               so
               lunatick
               as
               to
               imagine
               themselves
               more
               ancient
               than
               the
               Moon
               .
            
             
             
               The
               third
               cause
               that
               mov'd
               them
               to
               the
               wearing
               of
               the
               Moon
               ,
               was
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               that
               in
               prosperity
               it
               might
               be
               as
               a
               
                 memento
              
               unto
               them
               of
               the
               mutability
               and
               inconstancy
               of
               Fortune
               .
               For
               ,
               as
               the
               Moon
               is
               sometimes
               partly
               lightned
               ,
               and
               partly
               darkned
               ;
               so
               no
               honour
               or
               felicity
               can
               be
               so
               clear
               and
               refulgent
               ,
               but
               it
               may
               somtimes
               be
               overcast
               with
               clouds
               of
               obloquy
               and
               malice
               .
            
             
               The
               fourth
               cause
               was
               ,
               that
               as
               the
               Moon
               drinks
               in
               all
               her
               light
               from
               the
               Sun
               ;
               so
               ought
               all
               men
               to
               think
               themselves
               indebted
               to
               heaven
               for
               their
               wisdom
               .
            
             
               Others
               there
               are
               who
               affirm
               ,
               that
               the
               Roman
               Senators
               did
               not
               wear
               the
               figure
               of
               the
               Moon
               ,
               but
               the
               proportion
               of
               the
               letter
               
                 C.
              
               as
               though
               the
               hundred
               that
               
                 Romulus
              
               chose
               to
               be
               
                 Patres
              
               (
               as
               he
               call'd
               them
               )
               should
               thence
               take
               their
               Title
               .
               It
               hath
               ever
               been
               a
               Custom
               in
               all
               Kingdoms
               ,
               Republicks
               ,
               and
               well-govern'd
               States
               heretofore
               ,
               to
               distinguish
               the
               Degrees
               of
               men
               by
               their
               Vesture
               ;
               and
               without
               doubt
               this
               is
               of
               much
               moment
               to
               make
               them
               constant
               and
               settled
               in
               their
               professions
               .
               Among
               the
               Romans
               no
               man
               might
               be
               adorned
               with
               Purple
               ,
               but
               Senators
               ,
               Magistrates
               ,
               Priests
               ,
               and
               the
               Younger
               sort
               that
               were
               of
               noble
               ranke
               and
               quality
               .
               I
               omit
               the
               mentioning
               of
               Rings
               ,
               
               Chains
               ,
               and
               Bracelets
               ,
               which
               were
               bestowed
               on
               vertuous
               persons
               ,
               advanced
               to
               dignity
               ,
               as
               encouragements
               .
               Though
               these
               customs
               now
               adaies
               are
               obsolete
               ,
               since
               the
               alteration
               of
               vertues
               ,
               manners
               and
               times
               ;
               for
               
                 Jone
              
               is
               as
               neatly
               trickt
               up
               as
               my
               Lady
               ,
               and
               the
               Artizan
               as
               the
               Gentleman
               :
               It
               is
               most
               certain
               ,
               that
               by
               ornaments
               and
               additional
               titles
               of
               honour
               men
               are
               put
               in
               mind
               of
               their
               duty
               ;
               and
               thereby
               they
               prosecute
               all
               things
               with
               the
               more
               eagerness
               and
               diligence
               .
               Scepters
               ,
               Crowns
               ,
               Chains
               ,
               Rings
               ,
               Gowns
               ,
               Robes
               and
               Saddles
               ,
               are
               no
               dignities
               ,
               but
               the
               badges
               of
               Dignity
               ,
               whereby
               men
               are
               stirred
               up
               and
               encouraged
               to
               perform
               what
               is
               requisite
               in
               the
               office
               and
               place
               whereunto
               those
               Badges
               belong
               .
               
                 Remulus
              
               (
               saith
               
                 Livy
                 )
              
               intending
               to
               take
               the
               Government
               of
               a
               strange
               People
               upon
               him
               ,
               did
               adorn
               himself
               with
               his
               majestical
               Robes
               ,
               and
               called
               twelve
               Lictors
               with
               Maces
               ,
               to
               attend
               upon
               his
               person
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               thereby
               appear
               with
               greater
               pomp
               and
               ostentation
               ,
               and
               so
               captivate
               the
               hearts
               of
               the
               people
               :
               for
               the
               Vulgar
               (
               like
               Children
               )
               are
               hugely
               taken
               with
               the
               outward
               face
               and
               appearance
               of
               things
               ;
               and
               mind
               the
               outward
               bark
               more
               than
               the
               inward
               substance
               .
               Our
               Senator
               therefore
               shall
               observe
               
               such
               a
               
                 decorum
              
               in
               his
               apparel
               ,
               as
               not
               to
               encline
               to
               lightness
               or
               foolish
               gallantry
               ,
               so
               to
               decline
               all
               slovingliness
               and
               rusticity
               :
               As
               he
               must
               not
               be
               like
               the
               Frenchified
               Gallant
               ,
               who
               when
               he
               hath
               once
               seen
               
                 Paris
                 ,
              
               comes
               over
               metamorphos'd
               both
               in
               body
               and
               mind
               ;
               dancing
               out
               an
               entertainment
               to
               his
               friend
               with
               a
               giddy
               feather
               in
               his
               Crown
               :
               no
               more
               must
               he
               be
               like
               the
               Sunbak'd-peasant
               ,
               who
               understands
               nothing
               of
               ceremony
               or
               civility
               besides
               the
               management
               of
               his
               plough
               ,
               and
               understands
               no
               other
               Gammut
               but
               
                 Hay
                 ,
                 gee
                 ,
                 ho
                 ,
              
               which
               he
               signs
               to
               his
               country
               Teem
               when
               they
               draw
               the
               Plow
               that
               furrows
               the
               face
               of
               the
               Earth
               .
               He
               must
               ever
               observe
               such
               a
               comly
               neatness
               ,
               as
               may
               speak
               him
               man
               ,
               and
               not
               woman
               ;
               utterly
               declining
               and
               abhorring
               all
               nice
               curiosity
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VII
               .
            
             
               Of
               Travel
               ;
               the
               Age
               ,
               Gravity
               ,
               and
               Election
               of
               our
               Senator
               .
            
             
               THe
               major
               part
               of
               the
               wisdom
               of
               a
               Counsellor
               consists
               in
               the
               knowledge
               of
               the
               Manners
               ,
               Laws
               and
               Customs
               of
               all
               
               Nations
               ;
               which
               is
               best
               attained
               by
               forrain
               Travel
               ,
               as
               
                 Homer
              
               sings
               of
               
                 Ulysses
                 ,
              
               
                 
                   Dic
                   mihi
                   Musa
                   virum
                   captae
                   post
                   tempora
                   Trojae
                   ,
                
                 
                   Qui
                   mores
                   hominum
                   multorum
                   vidit
                   ,
                   &
                   urbes
                   .
                
              
               And
               indeed
               ,
               there
               is
               nothing
               accomplishes
               a
               man
               more
               than
               forrain
               Travel
               .
               
                 In
                 motu
                 melas
                 .
              
               There
               is
               a
               certain
               kind
               of
               harmony
               in
               motion
               .
               And
               as
               the
               Master
               of
               Eloquence
               hath
               it
               ,
               
                 Plebeiae
                 sane
                 sunt
                 istae
                 animae
                 ,
                 quae
                 suis
                 affixae
                 trabibus
                 domi
                 resident
                 ;
                 illa
                 divinior
                 ,
                 quae
                 coelum
                 imitatur
                 ,
                 &
                 gaudet
                 motu
                 .
              
               Those
               are
               dunghil
               spirits
               ,
               that
               live
               confin'd
               to
               the
               narrow
               round
               of
               the
               place
               of
               their
               nativity
               ;
               and
               that
               soul
               is
               of
               a
               more
               noble
               allay
               ,
               that
               like
               the
               Heavens
               rejoyceth
               in
               motion
               .
               Sir
               
                 Thomas
                 Moor
              
               writes
               ,
               that
               a
               mans
               best
               friends
               in
               Travel
               is
               his
               coyn
               :
               yet
               under
               favour
               ,
               notwithstanding
               the
               Authority
               of
               so
               learned
               a
               Grandee
               ,
               if
               a
               man
               be
               accompanied
               with
               too
               many
               of
               these
               friends
               ,
               his
               journey
               will
               be
               
                 motus
                 trepidationis
                 ;
              
               for
               according
               to
               the
               nipping
               Satyrist
               ,
               
                 
                   Pauca
                   licet
                   portes
                   argenti
                   vascula
                   puri
                   ;
                
                 
                   Nocte
                   iter
                   ingressus
                   gladium
                   ,
                   contumque
                   timebis
                   ,
                
                 
                   Et
                   motae
                   adLunam
                   trepidabis
                   arundinis
                   umbram
                
              
               
               Whereas
               ,
               as
               he
               immediately
               affirms
               ,
               
                 Cantabit
                 vacuus
                 coram
                 latrone
                 viator
                 .
              
               The
               indigent
               Traveller
               shall
               sing
               before
               a
               
                 Qui
                 va
                 la
                 ?
              
               or
               High-way-man
               .
               Yet
               would
               not
               we
               have
               our
               Counsellor
               so
               destitute
               of
               money
               ,
               as
               thereby
               to
               expose
               himself
               to
               hardship
               and
               distress
               ;
               but
               so
               handsomly
               accommodated
               ,
               as
               that
               he
               may
               take
               a
               survey
               of
               all
               Countries
               with
               honour
               and
               credit
               .
               Yet
               in
               travelling
               ,
               he
               must
               be
               very
               careful
               that
               he
               only
               come
               over
               again
               furnished
               and
               full
               fraughted
               with
               those
               Laws
               and
               Customes
               that
               are
               honest
               and
               civil
               ,
               and
               leave
               those
               that
               are
               erroneous
               and
               evill
               behind
               him
               .
               For
               ,
               
                 Terras
                 ,
                 non
                 animos
                 mutant
                 ,
                 qui
                 transmare
                 currunt
                 .
              
               Or
               at
               least
               they
               should
               do
               so
               ,
               and
               not
               like
               some
               green
               heads
               that
               corrupt
               themselves
               ,
               and
               learn
               nothing
               but
               the
               superstitious
               Idolatrous
               ceremonies
               of
               other
               Countries
               ,
               and
               be
               sure
               to
               retain
               what
               is
               bad
               ,
               though
               it
               prove
               to
               their
               own
               prejudice
               and
               ruine
               .
               He
               must
               be
               very
               exact
               in
               informing
               himself
               what
               Laws
               ,
               Jurisdictions
               ,
               what
               order
               of
               life
               ,
               military
               Discipline
               ,
               civil
               Government
               ,
               
               and
               domestical
               life
               is
               in
               every
               Nation
               practised
               .
               He
               shall
               take
               particular
               notice
               of
               the
               situation
               of
               Countries
               and
               places
               ,
               the
               building
               of
               Cities
               ,
               their
               Fortification
               ,
               Strength
               and
               Ammunition
               .
               Let
               him
               also
               understand
               the
               vertue
               of
               every
               Prince
               ;
               how
               his
               People
               stand
               affected
               to
               him
               ,
               and
               upon
               what
               terms
               ;
               the
               wisdom
               of
               their
               Senate
               ,
               the
               form
               and
               method
               of
               their
               Consultations
               ,
               as
               far
               as
               without
               prejudice
               to
               himself
               it
               may
               be
               pried
               into
               ;
               the
               nature
               and
               ingenuity
               of
               the
               people
               ;
               what
               vertues
               they
               adhere
               to
               ,
               and
               what
               vices
               they
               are
               most
               addicted
               unto
               ;
               what
               Learned
               men
               ,
               Souldiers
               and
               Commanders
               are
               in
               every
               Country
               to
               be
               found
               out
               ;
               that
               so
               by
               the
               report
               of
               them
               to
               his
               own
               Nation
               ,
               the
               best
               precepts
               may
               be
               cull'd
               out
               ,
               and
               the
               rest
               rejected
               .
               Yet
               he
               must
               take
               heed
               ,
               lest
               by
               the
               new-fangled
               fashions
               that
               he
               brings
               over
               ,
               he
               make
               not
               the
               people
               effeminate
               ,
               and
               careless
               of
               their
               own
               Laws
               ,
               Customs
               ,
               and
               ancient
               vertues
               :
               for
               as
               
                 Pliny
              
               saith
               truly
               ,
               
                 Est
                 natura
                 hominum
                 novitatis
                 avida
                 :
              
               Man's
               nature
               prompts
               him
               to
               embrace
               Novelty
               ,
               which
               oftentimes
               proves
               pernicious
               ,
               and
               tends
               to
               the
               molestation
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               ,
               Republick
               ,
               or
               State
               .
               Many
               famous
               persons
               have
               taken
               delight
               in
               travel
               ,
               
               as
               
                 Nestor
                 ,
                 Menelaus
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Alexander
              
               the
               Great
               ,
               out
               of
               love
               thereunto
               ,
               
                 Homer
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Democritus
                 ,
              
               that
               merrily
               passed
               his
               time
               away
               ,
               travelled
               all
               over
               
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 Babylon
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Persia
                 ;
              
               thereby
               hoping
               to
               obtain
               knowledge
               ,
               that
               so
               their
               minds
               being
               stored
               with
               variety
               of
               observation
               ,
               they
               might
               be
               the
               more
               accomplished
               ,
               and
               remain
               content
               with
               their
               own
               fortune
               .
               The
               words
               that
               
                 Diodorus
                 Siculus
              
               reports
               to
               be
               written
               upon
               the
               Tomb
               of
               
                 Osiris
                 ,
              
               are
               worthy
               the
               quotation
               and
               remembrance
               ;
               which
               are
               these
               ,
               or
               to
               this
               effect
               :
               
                 Osiris
                 Rex
                 sum
                 ,
                 Saturm
                 antiquior
                 filius
                 ,
                 qui
                 nullum
                 orbis
                 locum
                 reliqui
                 ,
                 quem
                 non
                 attigerim
                 ,
                 discens
                 ea
                 omnia
                 ,
                 quae
                 generi
                 humano
                 utilia
                 sunt
                 ,
                 &
                 necessaria
                 .
              
               But
               if
               he
               want
               money
               to
               support
               him
               in
               travel
               ,
               let
               him
               employ
               his
               time
               in
               the
               study
               of
               Geography
               ,
               and
               Cosmography
               :
               And
               a
               smack
               he
               may
               have
               of
               Natural
               Philosophy
               ;
               but
               to
               consume
               much
               time
               in
               that
               Science
               ,
               is
               judg'd
               ,
               by
               some
               ,
               superfluous
               in
               a
               Senator
               .
               The
               field
               of
               knowledge
               is
               unmeasurable
               and
               infinite
               ;
               which
               was
               the
               reason
               that
               men
               applied
               themselves
               to
               one
               particular
               Art
               or
               Science
               .
               
                 Aliquis
                 in
                 omnibus
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 nullus
                 in
                 singulis
                 ,
              
               is
               no
               fit
               Motto
               for
               a
               Counsellor
               .
               Wherefore
               ,
               we
               commit
               to
               the
               Jurisdiction
               of
               our
               Senator
               two
               
               sorts
               of
               Countries
               ;
               the
               one
               is
               that
               which
               containeth
               both
               God
               and
               Man
               (
               not
               as
               if
               we
               prescribed
               God
               his
               place
               of
               residence
               ,
               but
               we
               speak
               here
               according
               to
               vulgar
               capacities
               )
               not
               limited
               within
               the
               bounds
               of
               
                 Europe
                 ,
                 Asia
              
               or
               
                 Africa
                 ;
              
               but
               is
               only
               surrounded
               by
               the
               posting
               Sun
               .
               The
               other
               is
               the
               place
               that
               Nature
               hath
               destined
               for
               his
               residence
               or
               being
               ,
               as
               
                 England
                 ,
                 France
                 ,
                 Italy
                 ,
                 Spain
                 ,
                 Germany
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
               For
               it
               belongs
               unto
               him
               to
               take
               a
               survey
               of
               the
               order
               and
               nature
               of
               the
               
                 Macrocosm
                 ,
              
               the
               universal
               World
               ,
               which
               the
               Latines
               call
               ,
               
                 Majorem
                 Mundum
                 ;
              
               as
               well
               as
               the
               
                 Microcosme
                 ,
              
               or
               little
               World
               ,
               where
               he
               hath
               his
               habitation
               and
               abode
               ,
               which
               they
               term
               ,
               
                 Minorem
                 mundum
                 .
              
               And
               when
               the
               mind
               is
               dismanacled
               of
               those
               worldly
               incumbrances
               which
               usually
               adhere
               to
               the
               body
               ,
               and
               by
               Travel
               and
               Science
               is
               perfected
               ,
               as
               much
               as
               lies
               within
               the
               verge
               of
               humanity
               to
               be
               ;
               she
               officiates
               as
               she
               ought
               ,
               affecting
               Vertue
               ,
               and
               disaffecting
               Vice
               ,
               suppressing
               the
               lusty
               insurrections
               of
               the
               flesh
               ,
               and
               like
               a
               Monarch
               curbing
               and
               giving
               Laws
               to
               all
               exorbitant
               affections
               .
               Nay
               further
               ,
               when
               the
               mind
               hath
               pried
               into
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               Heavens
               ,
               considered
               their
               harmonious
               motion
               ,
               knows
               the
               circumference
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               her
               
               Longitude
               ,
               Latitude
               ,
               and
               the
               rarities
               contained
               therein
               ;
               hath
               plough'd
               the
               furrow'd
               Ocean
               ,
               and
               seen
               the
               wonders
               of
               the
               deep
               ,
               understands
               their
               causes
               ,
               beginnings
               and
               ends
               ;
               what
               is
               the
               order
               and
               beauty
               of
               the
               glimmering
               Lights
               of
               Heaven
               ,
               and
               what
               influence
               they
               have
               upon
               sublunary
               bodies
               :
               what
               causeth
               the
               passions
               or
               
                 deliquia
              
               of
               the
               two
               Grand
               Luminaries
               ,
               the
               Sun
               and
               Moon
               ;
               the
               reason
               of
               their
               Rising
               and
               Setting
               ,
               their
               Diurnal
               ,
               Nocturnal
               and
               horary
               motion
               ;
               what
               is
               the
               generation
               and
               corruption
               of
               all
               things
               ;
               what
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               Elements
               ,
               of
               Animals
               ,
               and
               the
               vertue
               and
               beauty
               of
               that
               innumerable
               number
               of
               fragrant
               herbs
               that
               usually
               adorn
               the
               Earth
               :
               when
               ,
               I
               say
               ,
               all
               these
               things
               are
               understood
               by
               one
               single
               person
               ,
               and
               God
               acknowledged
               the
               Supreme
               Author
               and
               Governour
               of
               them
               all
               ;
               Shall
               not
               that
               Person
               be
               judged
               a
               Prince
               ,
               rather
               than
               a
               meer
               Inhabitant
               or
               Citizen
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               that
               is
               of
               so
               profound
               and
               polite
               an
               understanding
               ?
               Surely
               yes
               .
               
                 Socrates
                 ,
              
               who
               by
               the
               Oracle
               at
               
                 Delphos
              
               was
               pronounced
               the
               wisest
               of
               Ethnicks
               ,
               being
               demanded
               what
               Country-man
               he
               was
               ;
               replied
               ,
               
                 A
                 man
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ;
              
               not
               confining
               himself
               to
               any
               particular
               
               place
               or
               Country
               ;
               for
               he
               thought
               himself
               to
               be
               an
               universal
               Prince
               .
               The
               same
               
                 Laertius
              
               reports
               of
               that
               Tub-hugging
               Cynick
               
                 Diogenes
                 .
                 Omne
                 solum
                 forti
                 patria
                 ,
              
               is
               an
               old
               saying
               ;
               and
               
                 Omne
                 solum
                 sapienti
                 patria
                 ,
              
               carries
               as
               much
               truth
               with
               it
               ,
               as
               the
               former
               antiquity
               .
               The
               whole
               World
               is
               a
               Wise
               man's
               Country
               :
               'T
               is
               a
               City
               that
               comes
               not
               under
               the
               tyrannous
               scourge
               of
               any
               
                 Nero
                 ,
                 Domitian
                 ,
              
               or
               
                 Caligula
                 ;
              
               Nor
               can
               be
               environ'd
               with
               walls
               ,
               but
               is
               surrounded
               with
               the
               universal
               Circle
               ,
               governed
               by
               a
               comly
               order
               ,
               and
               natural
               
                 decorum
                 ,
              
               as
               it
               were
               with
               a
               Law
               certain
               and
               inviolable
               ,
               palizadoed
               with
               no
               other
               fortifications
               than
               the
               Elements
               .
               The
               Citizens
               or
               Inhabitants
               of
               this
               place
               are
               termed
               Philosophers
               ,
               commanded
               only
               by
               themselves
               ,
               fortified
               with
               invincible
               minds
               ,
               and
               sufficiently
               arm'd
               against
               the
               griping
               talons
               of
               penury
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               misfortune
               that
               can
               seize
               upon
               man
               .
               Such
               Persons
               (
               nay
               ,
               Princes
               as
               these
               ,
               I
               may
               say
               ,
               without
               entrenching
               on
               the
               Royal
               Charter
               of
               Kings
               )
               no
               fury
               of
               War
               can
               terrifie
               ,
               no
               Faggot
               frighten
               ,
               nor
               Axe
               disturb
               ;
               for
               they
               are
               all
               valiant
               ,
               resolute
               ,
               and
               beyond
               the
               prejudice
               of
               Fortune
               .
            
             
               Now
               ,
               to
               the
               Age
               and
               Gravity
               of
               our
               Senator
               .
               They
               that
               have
               penned
               any
               thing
               
               of
               the
               life
               of
               man
               ,
               did
               usually
               confine
               it
               to
               a
               certain
               proportion
               of
               time
               .
               
                 Plato
              
               assigneth
               eighty
               one
               years
               ;
               
                 Solon
                 ,
              
               eighty
               ;
               others
               affirm
               ,
               that
               the
               continuance
               of
               mans
               life
               extends
               but
               to
               seventy
               ,
               referring
               all
               to
               the
               number
               seven
               ,
               because
               it
               frequently
               fals
               out
               ,
               that
               every
               seventh
               year
               some
               alteration
               or
               change
               appears
               in
               the
               body
               .
               The
               first
               seven
               years
               ,
               Childrens
               teeth
               fall
               out
               ;
               The
               next
               seven
               ,
               their
               hair
               grows
               ;
               The
               third
               ,
               their
               body
               comes
               to
               its
               proper
               stature
               and
               height
               ;
               The
               fourth
               ,
               they
               encrease
               in
               bulk
               and
               thickness
               ;
               The
               fifth
               ,
               they
               arrive
               at
               their
               full
               strength
               and
               virility
               ;
               The
               sixth
               ,
               they
               find
               themselves
               addicted
               to
               pleasure
               and
               delight
               ;
               The
               seventh
               ,
               they
               come
               to
               the
               maturity
               and
               ripeness
               of
               wit
               and
               understanding
               ;
               The
               eighth
               ,
               they
               begin
               to
               be
               termed
               aged
               ,
               or
               ancient
               ;
               The
               ninth
               ,
               weak
               and
               feeble
               ,
               beholding
               to
               the
               support
               of
               the
               staff
               ,
               and
               the
               help
               of
               Spectacles
               ;
               And
               the
               tenth
               ,
               they
               have
               one
               foot
               in
               the
               grave
               ,
               and
               are
               reckoned
               to
               be
               
                 è
                 peculio
                 Proserpinae
                 ,
              
               of
               
                 Proserpina's
              
               fold
               .
               Others
               there
               are
               ,
               who
               maintain
               that
               this
               change
               happens
               every
               ninth
               year
               ,
               and
               so
               ascribe
               the
               alteration
               thereof
               to
               every
               unequal
               number
               till
               twenty
               and
               one
               .
               
                 Pythagoras
              
               the
               silent
               ,
               called
               the
               eightieth
               year
               of
               mans
               Age
               fatal
               ,
               dividing
               it
               
               into
               four
               times
               twenty
               ,
               as
               followeth
               :
               Childhood
               ,
               continues
               till
               twenty
               ;
               Youth
               ,
               other
               twenty
               ;
               Man's
               estate
               ,
               the
               other
               twenty
               ;
               and
               old
               Age
               ,
               the
               fourth
               ,
               which
               puts
               a
               period
               to
               all
               .
               Some
               again
               compare
               Mans
               Age
               to
               the
               four
               Seasons
               of
               the
               Year
               :
               Childhood
               ,
               is
               compared
               to
               the
               Spring
               ;
               Youth
               ,
               to
               Summer
               ;
               Manhood
               ,
               to
               Autumn
               ;
               and
               Old-Age
               ,
               to
               Winter
               .
               
                 Varro
              
               divides
               Man's
               Age
               into
               four
               degrees
               ,
               and
               comprehends
               every
               of
               them
               within
               the
               number
               of
               fifteen
               :
               Childhood
               (
               saith
               he
               )
               lasts
               till
               fifteen
               ,
               for
               so
               long
               Children
               are
               weak
               and
               tender
               ;
               Youth
               ,
               till
               thirty
               ,
               because
               till
               that
               Age
               men
               encrease
               and
               grow
               in
               height
               and
               thickness
               ;
               Ripe
               Age
               till
               forty
               five
               ,
               for
               so
               long
               strength
               of
               body
               continues
               ,
               and
               men
               are
               then
               fit
               to
               be
               employed
               in
               publike
               affairs
               ;
               Old-Age
               begins
               at
               sixty
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               body
               is
               impotent
               ,
               crazy
               and
               decay'd
               ;
               so
               that
               they
               are
               not
               fit
               for
               State-employments
               ,
               lingring
               ,
               and
               consuming
               till
               death
               come
               and
               trip
               up
               their
               heels
               ,
               as
               he
               did
               all
               their
               Ancestors
               before
               them
               .
               To
               this
               division
               of
               mans
               Age
               we
               assent
               ;
               but
               the
               distinction
               by
               number
               doth
               principally
               belong
               to
               Physicians
               ;
               for
               they
               in
               exhibiting
               their
               medicines
               ,
               observe
               certain
               critical
               daies
               .
               But
               our
               opinion
               is
               ,
               that
               the
               forty
               
               fifth
               year
               of
               man's
               age
               is
               most
               suitable
               for
               Consulation
               ;
               because
               then
               the
               strength
               both
               of
               body
               and
               mind
               is
               arrived
               to
               the
               very
               height
               .
               Besides
               ,
               it
               is
               the
               middle
               age
               of
               Man
               ;
               and
               at
               that
               time
               ,
               if
               ever
               ,
               the
               mind
               is
               perfect
               in
               judgement
               and
               experience
               ,
               less
               attracted
               with
               brutish
               affections
               and
               desires
               ,
               and
               least
               of
               all
               transported
               with
               rage
               ,
               fury
               ,
               or
               passion
               .
               When
               old
               
                 Rome
              
               was
               in
               her
               glory
               ,
               and
               shone
               with
               all
               her
               splendor
               ,
               Senators
               were
               chosen
               at
               that
               Age
               ,
               being
               then
               most
               perfect
               in
               body
               and
               mind
               :
               yet
               dare
               we
               not
               deny
               ,
               but
               that
               some
               men
               may
               be
               termed
               Aged
               at
               thirty
               ;
               that
               is
               ,
               are
               both
               prudent
               ,
               grave
               and
               wise
               .
               And
               we
               find
               it
               upon
               record
               ,
               that
               some
               ,
               though
               very
               few
               ,
               were
               created
               Senators
               by
               the
               Romans
               before
               the
               thirtieth
               year
               of
               their
               Age
               ;
               which
               we
               do
               not
               disallow
               ,
               in
               regard
               that
               men
               may
               be
               reputed
               ancient
               for
               vertue
               as
               well
               as
               number
               of
               years
               :
               yet
               care
               must
               be
               taken
               that
               the
               Kingdom
               be
               governed
               chiefly
               by
               mature
               and
               grave
               Head-pieces
               ;
               for
               as
               
                 Plutarch
              
               affirms
               ,
               that
               Kingdom
               is
               most
               happy
               that
               hath
               store
               of
               young
               mens
               Lances
               ,
               and
               old
               mens
               Laws
               .
               Pertinent
               is
               that
               of
               
                 Euripides
              
               to
               this
               purpose
               :
               
                 Dictum
                 est
                 vetustu●…
                 facta
                 Juvenum
                 ,
                 caeterum
                 magis
                 valent
                 concilia
                 Senum
                 .
              
               In
               
                 Athens
              
               no
               person
               was
               
               created
               Senator
               before
               he
               was
               fifty
               years
               old
               .
               And
               in
               
                 Rome
              
               it
               was
               permitted
               for
               any
               man
               of
               sixty
               to
               enter
               the
               Senate-house
               ,
               though
               he
               never
               came
               to
               the
               Senatorship
               by
               choice
               or
               election
               ;
               and
               after
               that
               year
               ,
               it
               was
               left
               to
               his
               pleasure
               to
               be
               present
               or
               absent
               ;
               so
               that
               they
               did
               neither
               bind
               him
               to
               ,
               nor
               bar
               him
               from
               coming
               to
               Council
               .
               A
               good
               ,
               though
               ancient
               Custom
               ;
               for
               every
               man
               ,
               though
               he
               hath
               seen
               as
               many
               Winters
               as
               hoary-headed
               
                 Nestor
                 ,
              
               ought
               to
               employ
               himself
               
                 pro
                 posse
                 suo
                 ,
              
               according
               to
               his
               utmost
               ability
               ,
               for
               the
               benefit
               of
               his
               native
               Country
               .
               
                 Plato
              
               is
               of
               opinion
               ,
               that
               men
               must
               learn
               till
               Age
               snow
               white
               hairs
               upon
               their
               heads
               .
               
                 Nulla
                 dies
                 sine
                 linea
                 ;
              
               that
               day
               is
               lost
               ,
               in
               which
               a
               man
               hath
               not
               better'd
               his
               knowledge
               .
               Yet
               we
               prohibit
               decrepit
               ,
               doting
               persons
               ,
               whose
               judgements
               are
               as
               crazy
               as
               their
               bodies
               ;
               and
               the
               reason
               is
               ,
               because
               their
               counsels
               and
               consultations
               are
               for
               the
               most
               part
               dubious
               ,
               and
               are
               rather
               he
               sitant
               conjectures
               than
               solid
               counsels
               ,
               beginning
               every
               Sentence
               with
               perhaps
               ,
               perchance
               ,
               peradventure
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               :
               and
               this
               they
               do
               ,
               as
               being
               sensible
               of
               their
               former
               imbecility
               and
               weakness
               ,
               and
               so
               are
               unwilling
               to
               suffer
               a
               relapse
               into
               their
               juvenile
               and
               youthful
               errours
               and
               
               mistakes
               .
               Yet
               ,
               if
               they
               have
               only
               so
               many
               years
               over
               their
               heads
               as
               may
               render
               them
               grave
               ,
               solid
               and
               wife
               ,
               they
               are
               perfect
               in
               uttering
               their
               conceits
               :
               for
               by
               use
               and
               experience
               (
               which
               is
               the
               best
               School-Mistris
               )
               they
               have
               gain'd
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               ,
               a
               third
               eye
               ,
               whereby
               they
               are
               enabled
               to
               pry
               into
               ,
               and
               discern
               with
               the
               more
               vivacity
               ,
               the
               events
               and
               causes
               of
               things
               .
               And
               as
               every
               man
               is
               discovered
               by
               his
               speech
               ,
               so
               is
               the
               prudence
               and
               wisdom
               of
               a
               Senator
               manifested
               by
               uttering
               his
               opinion
               .
               
                 Socrates
                 ,
              
               casting
               his
               eye
               upon
               a
               Youth
               that
               he
               never
               had
               seen
               before
               ,
               saies
               to
               him
               ,
               
                 Speak
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 may
                 know
                 thee
                 :
              
               So
               may
               we
               say
               to
               our
               Counsellor
               ,
               
                 By
                 the
                 solidity
                 of
                 thy
                 speech
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 gravity
                 of
                 thy
                 deportment
                 ,
                 manifest
                 thy self
                 unto
                 us
                 .
              
               Now
               his
               opinion
               must
               be
               delivered
               in
               significant
               ,
               but
               plain
               naked
               terms
               ;
               not
               daubed
               over
               
                 fuco
                 Rhetoricae
                 lascivientis
                 ,
              
               with
               the
               paints
               of
               lasciviating
               Rhetorique
               ,
               which
               becomes
               the
               Rhetorick
               School
               ,
               better
               than
               the
               Parliament
               House
               .
               But
               so
               much
               for
               his
               Age
               and
               Gravity
               .
            
             
               Now
               to
               the
               Election
               of
               our
               Senator
               .
               Among
               the
               Romans
               (
               in
               the
               times
               of
               Yore
               Lords
               of
               the
               whole
               World
               )
               Senators
               were
               elected
               divers
               waies
               ;
               for
               ,
               they
               were
               chosen
               either
               by
               the
               King
               ,
               Consuls
               ,
               Dictators
               ,
               
               Tribunes
               of
               the
               people
               ,
               the
               Censors
               or
               Chieftains
               .
               And
               the
               Custome
               of
               free-born
               natives
               is
               to
               choose
               Senators
               among
               themselves
               ,
               or
               else
               to
               commit
               the
               authority
               of
               Election
               to
               a
               single
               person
               ,
               who
               for
               wisdome
               ,
               gravity
               and
               dignity
               is
               judged
               the
               most
               fit
               ,
               and
               that
               is
               the
               King
               ;
               which
               the
               Romans
               did
               at
               first
               .
               
                 Romulus
                 ,
              
               the
               first
               founder
               of
               their
               City
               ,
               elected
               a
               hundred
               Senators
               ;
               which
               custome
               was
               followed
               by
               their
               succeeding
               Kings
               .
               But
               ,
               when
               Kingly
               Government
               ,
               through
               the
               insolent
               government
               of
               
                 Tarquinius
              
               the
               Ravisher
               ,
               was
               removed
               ,
               this
               power
               of
               election
               (
               according
               to
               the
               quality
               of
               the
               time
               )
               was
               somewhat
               changed
               ,
               yet
               not
               given
               to
               a
               multitude
               ;
               for
               till
               the
               State
               returned
               to
               the
               Basis
               and
               foundation
               of
               Government
               ,
               Monarchy
               ,
               Senators
               were
               elected
               by
               Consuls
               ,
               Censors
               ,
               Dictators
               ,
               or
               Chieftains
               .
               In
               all
               which
               Elections
               ,
               till
               the
               time
               of
               
                 Augustus
                 ,
              
               there
               is
               no
               mention
               made
               of
               lots
               ;
               but
               the
               Fame
               ,
               Family
               ,
               Order
               ,
               Office
               before
               born
               ,
               riches
               and
               possessions
               ,
               were
               most
               of
               all
               considered
               and
               respected
               .
               Now
               ,
               since
               there
               is
               no
               earthly
               possession
               but
               comes
               far
               short
               of
               Vertue
               for
               excellency
               in
               the
               choice
               of
               Senators
               ,
               that
               must
               be
               chiefly
               look'd
               upon
               ;
               because
               they
               are
               reputed
               Defenders
               of
               the
               Law
               ,
               
               Moderators
               of
               Liberty
               ,
               and
               Conservers
               of
               a
               Kingdom
               .
               And
               as
               the
               Republick
               or
               Kingdom
               is
               oftentimes
               infected
               by
               the
               vice
               and
               impiety
               of
               Magistrates
               ;
               so
               is
               it
               antidoted
               ,
               corrected
               and
               repaired
               by
               their
               vertues
               .
               Such
               are
               the
               People
               of
               every
               Country
               ,
               as
               are
               the
               Manners
               of
               their
               Governours
               ;
               and
               the
               Subjects
               are
               apt
               to
               Ape
               the
               Customs
               and
               Constitutions
               of
               their
               Prince
               .
               It
               was
               well
               said
               of
               one
               ,
               That
               the
               change
               of
               Princes
               Lives
               ,
               and
               the
               alteration
               of
               Manners
               in
               Magistrates
               ,
               would
               also
               work
               even
               to
               a
               mutation
               of
               the
               Customs
               ,
               Institutions
               and
               Rights
               ,
               nay
               ,
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               it self
               .
               And
               to
               deal
               really
               with
               you
               ,
               evill
               Princes
               are
               very
               much
               to
               be
               blamed
               ,
               not
               in
               that
               they
               themselves
               are
               guilty
               of
               any
               crime
               ,
               for
               it
               is
               a
               Maxim
               in
               our
               Common
               Law
               ,
               
                 That
                 the
                 King
                 can
                 do
                 no
                 wrong
                 ;
              
               but
               that
               thereby
               the
               Subjects
               are
               prone
               to
               be
               feduced
               ,
               and
               led
               away
               to
               the
               same
               exorbitancies
               ;
               which
               may
               justly
               be
               so
               termed
               in
               them
               ,
               though
               not
               in
               a
               King
               .
               And
               indeed
               ,
               how
               can
               it
               enter
               within
               the
               lists
               of
               possibility
               for
               a
               man
               to
               perswade
               other
               men
               to
               be
               vertuous
               ,
               when
               he
               himself
               is
               vicious
               ?
               The
               Romans
               derided
               
                 Scylla
                 ,
              
               who
               ,
               though
               a
               man
               infinitely
               debauched
               ,
               and
               wholly
               given
               up
               to
               licenciousness
               ,
               did
               nevertheless
               admonish
               and
               
               stir
               up
               others
               to
               Sobriety
               ,
               Temperance
               and
               Frugality
               .
               And
               who
               would
               not
               blame
               
                 Lisander
                 ?
              
               though
               he
               swam
               in
               a
               contrary
               stream
               ,
               yet
               he
               allowed
               and
               gave
               toleration
               to
               the
               Citizens
               for
               those
               vices
               which
               he
               himself
               abstained
               from
               and
               abhorred
               .
               But
               
                 Lycurgus
              
               deserves
               commendation
               ,
               because
               he
               never
               imposed
               the
               observation
               of
               that
               upon
               any
               man
               ,
               which
               he
               himself
               did
               not
               first
               of
               all
               diligently
               follow
               .
               Yet
               in
               a
               free-State
               ,
               (
               if
               any
               such
               there
               be
               )
               it
               hath
               been
               observed
               ,
               they
               have
               been
               directed
               by
               the
               suffrage
               of
               chance
               .
               This
               order
               of
               Election
               is
               observed
               by
               that
               Virgin
               ,
               
                 Venice
                 .
              
               The
               like
               institution
               
                 Solon
              
               authorized
               among
               the
               Athenians
               for
               the
               choice
               of
               the
               five
               hundred
               Senators
               :
               For
               ,
               out
               of
               every
               Tribe
               were
               so
               many
               elected
               ,
               as
               were
               thought
               to
               deserve
               that
               dignity
               ;
               whose
               names
               were
               put
               into
               a
               Pot
               ;
               and
               into
               another
               as
               many
               Beans
               ,
               the
               one
               half
               white
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               black
               :
               now
               so
               many
               as
               hapned
               upon
               the
               white
               ,
               were
               pronounced
               Senators
               ;
               and
               those
               that
               chanced
               to
               light
               on
               the
               black
               ,
               were
               repulsed
               and
               dismissed
               :
               which
               made
               
                 Thucydides
              
               to
               call
               that
               Senate
               ,
               
                 Senatum
                 à
                 Faba
                 .
              
               Besides
               ,
               it
               was
               observed
               among
               the
               Romans
               what
               Office
               he
               had
               born
               before
               his
               Election
               ,
               and
               with
               what
               fidelity
               he
               had
               
               discharged
               himself
               of
               his
               duty
               :
               for
               they
               made
               choice
               of
               their
               Senators
               out
               of
               that
               number
               of
               men
               only
               ,
               that
               were
               by
               them
               styled
               
                 Patres
                 ,
              
               which
               was
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               ,
               the
               Nursery
               of
               Counsellors
               ,
               that
               so
               they
               might
               be
               known
               to
               be
               men
               famous
               for
               some
               publike
               exploit
               ,
               or
               renowned
               for
               their
               Wisdom
               and
               Gravity
               .
            
             
               Among
               us
               ,
               those
               that
               sit
               in
               Parliament
               obtain
               that
               Dignity
               three
               manner
               of
               waies
               :
               
                 
                   First
                   ,
                   By
                   reason
                   of
                   their
                   Tenure
                   .
                
                 
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   By
                   vertue
                   of
                   Writ
                   ;
                   and
                
                 
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   By
                   vertue
                   of
                   Office
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 Per
                 Tenure
              
               are
               these
               :
               Archbishops
               ,
               Bishops
               ,
               Abbots
               ,
               Priors
               ,
               Dukes
               ,
               Marquesses
               ,
               Earls
               and
               Barons
               .
               And
               these
               are
               summoned
               to
               appear
               before
               the
               Parliament
               in
               the
               space
               of
               48.
               daies
               .
            
             
               They
               that
               come
               in
               
                 per
                 Breve
                 ,
              
               or
               by
               Writ
               ,
               are
               these
               :
               Knights
               of
               the
               Shires
               ,
               Burgesses
               ,
               Citizens
               ,
               Barons
               of
               the
               Cinque-Ports
               ,
               and
               the
               King's
               Council
               .
               There
               come
               also
               
                 per
                 Breve
                 ,
              
               directed
               to
               the
               several
               Deans
               and
               Arch-Deacons
               of
               this
               Kingdom
               ,
               two
               several
               Proctors
               of
               the
               Clergy
               for
               every
               several
               Deaconry
               &
               Arch-deaconry
               ;
               and
               these
               Proctors
               of
               the
               Clergy
               are
               elected
               by
               the
               Clergy
               .
               There
               come
               hither
               
                 per
                 Service
                 ,
              
               or
               by
               vertue
               of
               
               Office
               ,
               The
               Chief
               Crier
               of
               
                 England
                 ;
              
               The
               Chief
               Usher
               ;
               The
               Chancellor
               ;
               The
               Treasurer
               ;
               The
               Chamberlain
               ,
               and
               Barons
               of
               the
               Exchequer
               ;
               The
               Justices
               of
               either
               Bench
               ;
               The
               Steward
               of
               
                 England
                 ;
              
               The
               Porter
               ,
               Grooms
               ,
               and
               all
               tyed
               by
               service
               to
               be
               here
               done
               .
               The
               Stewards
               Office
               was
               to
               place
               the
               Lords
               ;
               the
               Porter
               used
               to
               see
               there
               be
               but
               one
               door
               to
               enter
               in
               and
               go
               out
               at
               :
               And
               every
               one
               of
               the
               above-mentioned
               Officers
               ,
               hath
               had
               his
               several
               Charge
               respectively
               .
               Thus
               have
               you
               had
               a
               description
               of
               our
               
                 Sage
                 Senator
                 ,
              
               of
               all
               the
               qualifications
               that
               tend
               to
               his
               accomplishment
               ;
               his
               Duty
               ,
               Dignity
               and
               Office
               displayed
               and
               laid
               open
               ;
               the
               rewards
               due
               unto
               ,
               and
               conferred
               on
               him
               ;
               the
               ancient
               Customs
               of
               the
               Romans
               and
               Grecians
               touching
               this
               particular
               ;
               their
               election
               and
               choice
               ;
               as
               also
               their
               manner
               of
               sitting
               in
               Parliament
               among
               us
               ;
               how
               and
               by
               what
               means
               they
               obtain
               the
               Senatorship
               ,
               or
               title
               of
               Parliament-men
               ,
               according
               to
               our
               modern
               styles
               ,
               who
               were
               so
               termed
               ,
               because
               every
               Member
               of
               this
               High
               and
               most
               absolute
               Court
               of
               Justice
               in
               
                 England
              
               (
               from
               which
               there
               is
               no
               appeal
               to
               any
               other
               for
               redress
               )
               should
               sincerely
               and
               discreetly
               
                 Parler
                 la
                 ment
                 ,
              
               as
               it
               is
               in
               the
               old
               Norman
               French
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               freely
               
               express
               their
               minds
               for
               the
               benefit
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               .
               Nor
               are
               the
               Laws
               of
               this
               Island
               only
               ,
               and
               the
               Liberty
               of
               the
               Subject
               conserved
               by
               Parliament
               ,
               but
               those
               of
               all
               well
               policied
               Kingdoms
               &
               Countries
               else
               in
               
                 Europe
                 .
              
               The
               Germans
               have
               their
               Diets
               ;
               The
               Danes
               and
               Swedes
               their
               
                 Riicks
                 Dachs
                 ;
              
               The
               Spaniard
               calls
               his
               Parliament
               
                 Las
                 Cortes
                 ;
              
               And
               the
               French
               have
               (
               or
               at
               least
               should
               have
               )
               their
               Assembly
               of
               the
               three
               States
               ,
               though
               it
               be
               now
               in
               a
               manner
               grown
               obsolete
               ,
               because
               the
               authority
               thereof
               was
               by
               accident
               devolv'd
               upon
               the
               King
               :
               it
               will
               not
               be
               altogether
               impertinent
               to
               give
               you
               a
               succinct
               account
               of
               this
               memorable
               alteration
               ;
               which
               hapned
               as
               followeth
               :
               When
               our
               Nation
               had
               taken
               such
               large
               footing
               in
               
                 France
                 ,
              
               that
               they
               advanced
               as
               far
               as
               
                 Orleans
                 ,
              
               and
               had
               forced
               their
               then
               Soveraign
               to
               fly
               to
               
                 Bourges
              
               in
               
                 Berry
                 ,
              
               for
               sanctuary
               ;
               the
               Assembly
               of
               the
               three
               States
               not
               being
               able
               to
               convene
               during
               these
               pressures
               in
               full
               Parliament
               ,
               because
               that
               by
               those
               invasions
               the
               enemy
               made
               into
               the
               very
               bowels
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               ,
               the
               Country
               was
               altogether
               unpassable
               ,
               so
               that
               the
               power
               that
               was
               inherent
               in
               the
               Parliamentary
               Convention
               ,
               of
               enacting
               Laws
               ,
               assessing
               the
               Subject
               with
               Taxes
               ,
               subsidiary
               Levies
               ,
               and
               other
               Impositions
               ,
               
               was
               transmitted
               to
               the
               King
               ,
               during
               the
               rage
               and
               fury
               of
               that
               war
               only
               ;
               which
               proving
               of
               long
               continuance
               ,
               that
               entrusted
               Authority
               began
               to
               grow
               habitual
               ,
               and
               could
               never
               hitherto
               be
               taken
               from
               him
               ;
               so
               that
               his
               Edicts
               stand
               in
               lieu
               of
               Acts
               of
               Parliament
               .
               Out
               of
               these
               foregoing
               premises
               this
               Conclusion
               may
               easily
               be
               deduced
               ,
               
                 That
                 the
                 principal
                 Fountain
                 whence
                 the
                 King
                 derives
                 his
                 happiness
                 and
                 safety
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Parliament
                 :
                 It
                 is
                 the
                 great
                 Conduit-Pipe
                 which
                 conveys
                 unto
                 him
                 his
                 Peoples
                 bounty
                 and
                 gratitude
                 ;
                 the
                 truest
                 Looking-glass
                 wherein
                 he
                 discerns
                 their
                 loves
                 .
                 Now
                 the
                 Subjects
                 love
                 hath
                 been
                 ever
                 accounted
                 the
                 prime
                 Citadel
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 .
                 In
                 his
                 Parliament
                 he
                 appears
                 as
                 the
                 Sun
                 in
                 the
                 Meridian
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Altitude
                 of
                 his
                 Glory
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 highest
                 State-Royal
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Law
                 informs
                 us
                 .
              
               But
               lest
               we
               should
               spin
               out
               too
               long
               a
               thread
               ,
               and
               so
               wear
               the
               Readers
               Patience
               thread-bare
               ,
               we
               will
               conclude
               this
               first
               Book
               ,
               and
               make
               the
               discourse
               which
               we
               allot
               for
               the
               scope
               and
               Subject
               of
               our
               next
               ,
               run
               in
               another
               Channel
               .
            
          
           
             Finis
             Libri
             Primi
             .
          
        
         
         
         
           
             THE
             Second
             Book
             ,
             TREATING
             Of
             KINGS
             ,
             and
             their
             PREROGATIVE
             .
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               
            
             
               
                 EK
                 
                   {non-Roman}
                   {non-Roman}
                   {non-Roman}
                   {non-Roman}
                   {non-Roman}
                
                 —
              
               
                 
                   A
                   Jove
                   Principium
                   —
                
              
            
             
               In
               the
               Trinity
               we
               find
               Unity
               ;
               Among
               the
               Orders
               of
               Angels
               there
               is
               an
               Archangel
               ;
               The
               Heavens
               have
               their
               
                 Primum
                 mobile
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               Sun
               is
               their
               chief
               Luminary
               ;
               The
               Beasts
               of
               the
               Forest
               have
               the
               Lion
               to
               their
               King
               ;
               The
               Fowls
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               the
               
               Eagle
               :
               The
               Fish
               of
               the
               Sea
               a
               Soveraign
               ;
               And
               shall
               man
               only
               be
               Independent
               ?
               
                 Absit
                 ,
                 Absit
                 ;
              
               let
               us
               therefore
               sing
               with
               
                 Homer
                 :
              
               
                 
                   
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                  
                
                 
                   
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                  
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 Kings
                 (
                 saith
                 one
                 of
                 our
                 quondam
                 Pen-men
                 ,
                 though
                 since
                 an
                 Apostate
                 )
                 are
                 lively
                 Representations
                 ,
                 living
                 Statues
                 or
                 Pictures
                 ,
                 drawn
                 to
                 the
                 life
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Deity
                 :
                 these
                 Pictures
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 better
                 continuance
                 ,
                 are
                 done
                 in
                 Oyl
                 ;
                 the
                 colours
                 of
                 the
                 Crown
                 never
                 fade
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 no
                 water-colours
                 .
              
               They
               are
               Gods
               Vicegerents
               here
               upon
               earth
               ;
               nay
               ,
               God
               the
               Father
               ,
               God
               the
               Son
               ,
               and
               God
               the
               Holy
               Ghost
               say
               ,
               they
               are
               Gods
               ,
               and
               would
               have
               them
               live
               as
               Gods
               .
               God
               the
               Father
               plainly
               affirms
               ,
               
                 Joh.
              
               10.
               34.
               
               
                 Dixi
                 dii
                 est
                 is
                 :
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 ye
                 are
                 Gods
                 .
              
               God
               the
               Son
               told
               
                 Pilat●
                 Thou
                 shouldst
                 have
                 no
                 power
                 ,
                 except
                 it
                 were
                 (
                 ●●…ta
                 de
                 super
                 )
                 given
                 from
                 above
                 .
              
               And
               I
               'm
               sure
               the
               Holy
               Ghost
               tells
               us
               ,
               
                 Per
                 me
                 Reges
                 regnant
                 ;
                 By
                 me
                 Kings
                 reign
                 ,
              
               and
               not
               by
               the
               suffrage
               of
               the
               people
               ;
               for
               then
               it
               would
               have
               been
               
                 per
                 nos
                 .
              
               They
               are
               the
               Lord
               's
               anointed
               ,
               therefore
               not
               to
               be
               touch'd
               or
               brought
               in
               question
               by
               their
               Subjects
               :
               for
               all
               the
               failings
               in
               
               a
               King
               can
               but
               make
               him
               a
               bad
               King
               ;
               but
               he
               remains
               a
               King
               still
               .
               If
               indeed
               ,
               as
               one
               saith
               excellently
               ,
               Kings
               held
               their
               Crowns
               by
               Indentures
               from
               the
               People
               ,
               they
               were
               then
               disobliged
               from
               their
               obedience
               to
               him
               upon
               his
               failing
               (
               in
               those
               things
               whereunto
               he
               was
               sworn
               at
               his
               Coronation
               )
               on
               his
               part
               ;
               but
               if
               they
               receive
               their
               Crowns
               immediately
               from
               God
               ,
               and
               that
               by
               him
               alone
               Kings
               raign
               ,
               as
               is
               said
               before
               ,
               then
               they
               must
               still
               stick
               close
               to
               their
               Allegiance
               ,
               or
               else
               come
               off
               with
               the
               brand
               of
               Traytors
               .
               Our
               modern
               times
               have
               furnished
               us
               with
               too
               many
               of
               that
               infernal
               rabble
               ,
               who
               were
               so
               hellishly
               wicked
               and
               impious
               ,
               as
               to
               fight
               against
               their
               lawful
               Soveraign
               ;
               and
               having
               got
               him
               in
               their
               clutches
               ,
               slew
               him
               at
               his
               own
               door
               .
               But
               to
               the
               purpose
               .
            
             
               The
               Athenians
               ,
               (
               as
               
                 Demosthenes
              
               writes
               in
               his
               Oration
               against
               
                 Neaera
                 )
              
               when
               
                 Theseus
              
               had
               contrived
               the
               model
               of
               their
               Commonwealth
               ,
               being
               accustomed
               to
               choose
               some
               one
               out
               of
               the
               number
               of
               the
               vertuous
               ,
               by
               a
               general
               consent
               ,
               manifested
               by
               holding
               up
               their
               hands
               ,
               they
               elected
               him
               King
               .
               In
               ancient
               times
               ,
               the
               election
               of
               Kings
               was
               ever
               held
               
                 sacrum
                 &
                 divinum
                 quid
                 ,
              
               a
               certain
               holy
               and
               divine
               action
               
               among
               the
               very
               Heathens
               .
               
                 Romulus
                 ,
              
               after
               the
               sight
               of
               twelve
               Ravens
               (
               if
               we
               may
               credit
               
                 Livy
                 )
              
               or
               rather
               because
               the
               lightning
               had
               pierced
               his
               body
               from
               the
               left
               to
               the
               right
               side
               (
               as
               
                 Dionysius
              
               hath
               it
               )
               was
               by
               divination
               chosen
               King
               ;
               and
               that
               ordinance
               ,
               called
               
                 Jus
                 Auspiciorum
                 ,
              
               was
               religiously
               obeyed
               .
               Their
               authority
               hath
               been
               judged
               ever
               as
               divine
               as
               their
               election
               ;
               for
               
                 Homer
              
               and
               
                 Isocrates
              
               joyntly
               affirm
               ,
               That
               he
               that
               governeth
               as
               a
               King
               ,
               represents
               the
               Deity
               .
               The
               Kings
               of
               
                 Persia
              
               were
               honour'd
               as
               Gods
               ,
               and
               the
               people
               believed
               that
               they
               were
               the
               sole
               and
               absolute
               defenders
               of
               their
               Laws
               ,
               Liberties
               ,
               Lives
               ,
               and
               Country
               .
               The
               ancient
               Latines
               called
               their
               Kings
               ,
               
                 Indigetes
                 ,
              
               that
               is
               ,
               deified
               ;
               (
               as
               
                 Aeneas
              
               and
               
                 Romulus
              
               were
               )
               whose
               bodies
               after
               they
               were
               expired
               ,
               could
               never
               be
               found
               .
               Kings
               are
               the
               Sons
               ,
               not
               of
               the
               most
               voices
               ,
               but
               of
               the
               most
               High
               ;
               and
               as
               God
               is
               King
               of
               the
               whole
               Universe
               ,
               so
               are
               they
               Lords
               of
               the
               whole
               Commonwealth
               .
               About
               their
               skirts
               they
               have
               this
               Motto
               written
               by
               the
               finger
               of
               God
               ,
               
                 Touch
                 not
                 mine
                 Anointed
                 .
              
               Nor
               did
               ever
               any
               Church-man
               ,
               Christian
               Father
               or
               Expositor
               ,
               obtrude
               any
               other
               sence
               upon
               this
               Text
               ,
               than
               that
               it
               was
               meant
               of
               Kings
               ,
               till
               such
               time
               as
               the
               Puritan
               and
               Papist
               ,
               both
               at
               a
               time
               ,
               and
               
               that
               time
               bearing
               not
               above
               100.
               years
               date
               ,
               who
               began
               then
               to
               infect
               the
               world
               with
               this
               damnable
               doctrine
               ,
               
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 Lawful
                 to
                 murder
                 Kings
                 .
              
               It
               is
               strange
               that
               two
               such
               contrary
               factions
               ,
               that
               had
               ever
               been
               antipathetical
               one
               to
               the
               other
               ,
               should
               nevertheless
               ,
               like
               
                 Herod
              
               and
               
                 Pilate
                 ,
              
               agree
               in
               condemning
               the
               Lord's
               Anointed
               .
               
                 Dieu
                 &
                 mon
                 Droit
                 ,
              
               is
               their
               Motto
               ;
               
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 my
                 Right
                 :
              
               no body
               else
               have
               any
               thing
               to
               do
               with
               me
               .
               They
               have
               a
               
                 Noli
                 me
                 tangere
                 ,
              
               to
               defend
               them
               from
               the
               assaults
               of
               rebellious
               Subjects
               .
            
             
               Yet
               although
               Kings
               are
               counted
               God's
               Lieutenants
               ,
               or
               Adjutant-Generals
               ;
               the
               Council
               ,
               Wisdom
               ,
               and
               Knowledge
               of
               Kings
               is
               not
               their
               own
               ,
               but
               given
               them
               by
               God
               ,
               who
               is
               the
               Author
               of
               every
               good
               and
               perfect
               gift
               ,
               according
               to
               that
               verse
               of
               the
               Holy
               Pen-man
               :
               
                 
                   
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                  
                
                 
                   
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                  
                   .
                   —
                
              
            
             
               And
               since
               ,
               I
               say
               ,
               no
               King
               can
               with
               his
               own
               peculiar
               stock
               of
               wisdom
               govern
               his
               Kingdom
               rightly
               (
               for
               it
               is
               the
               prerogative
               of
               the
               Almighty
               only
               to
               know
               all
               things
               that
               appertain
               to
               good
               Government
               ,
               )
               
               they
               have
               ever
               used
               to
               call
               unto
               their
               aid
               and
               assistance
               some
               wise
               grave
               men
               ,
               by
               whose
               advice
               and
               counsel
               the
               Kingdom
               might
               be
               well
               regulated
               .
               These
               men
               being
               as
               a
               mean
               between
               the
               King
               and
               the
               People
               ,
               do
               on
               the
               one
               hand
               ,
               understand
               the
               Office
               of
               the
               King
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               other
               ,
               the
               Duty
               of
               the
               Subject
               ;
               knowing
               what
               course
               must
               be
               taken
               for
               the
               preservation
               of
               the
               Kings
               Honour
               and
               Royal
               Prerogative
               ,
               and
               what
               belongs
               to
               the
               profit
               and
               benefit
               of
               his
               good
               and
               Loyal
               Subjects
               .
               Thus
               a
               King
               may
               govern
               all
               things
               well
               ,
               not
               only
               by
               his
               own
               opinion
               ,
               which
               may
               oftentimes
               prove
               deceitful
               ;
               but
               by
               the
               general
               advice
               and
               counsel
               of
               others
               ,
               whereby
               his
               judgement
               and
               reason
               is
               brought
               to
               perfection
               .
               And
               as
               the
               hand
               divided
               into
               many
               fingers
               ,
               is
               thereby
               made
               more
               strong
               and
               apt
               to
               lay
               hold
               on
               all
               things
               ;
               so
               he
               that
               governs
               by
               the
               aid
               and
               assistance
               of
               Councellors
               ,
               will
               manage
               all
               publike
               affairs
               ,
               tending
               to
               the
               benefit
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               and
               Country
               whereof
               he
               is
               Soveraign
               ,
               with
               the
               greater
               discretion
               and
               wisdom
               :
               for
               a
               single
               person
               is
               not
               able
               to
               manage
               all
               affairs
               without
               additionall
               help
               .
               
                 Alexander
                 ,
              
               King
               of
               
                 Macedonia
                 ,
              
               conquered
               many
               Countries
               ,
               and
               subjugated
               a
               multitude
               of
               Enemies
               .
               
                 Pyrrhus
              
               
               was
               excellent
               at
               the
               choice
               of
               places
               for
               Fortification
               .
               
                 Hannibal
              
               was
               often
               attended
               with
               success
               in
               Victory
               ,
               but
               knew
               not
               how
               to
               make
               the
               best
               improvement
               of
               it
               :
               
                 Vincere
                 scis
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 uti
                 Victoria
                 nescis
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Philopoemon
              
               was
               a
               brave
               Admiral
               at
               Sea
               ;
               
                 Cleon
              
               could
               manure
               lands
               and
               possessions
               ;
               
                 Cicero
              
               was
               a
               famous
               Orator
               ;
               
                 Pompeius
              
               a
               valiant
               General
               ;
               
                 Cato
              
               a
               grave
               Senator
               ;
               and
               
                 Scipio
              
               admirable
               both
               in
               peace
               and
               war
               .
               So
               were
               several
               others
               ,
               that
               might
               be
               instanced
               :
               for
               every
               man
               (
               according
               to
               the
               Proverb
               )
               is
               a
               
                 Roscius
              
               in
               his
               own
               Profession
               .
               Now
               when
               so
               many
               well-qualified
               
                 Heroes
              
               are
               bound
               up
               together
               in
               Council
               ,
               what
               a
               Constellation
               of
               Vertues
               will
               shine
               and
               appear
               there
               ?
               And
               what
               firm
               Edicts
               and
               good
               Laws
               will
               there
               be
               enacted
               by
               them
               for
               the
               publick
               benefit
               and
               good
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               ?
               which
               he
               is
               obliged
               to
               ;
               for
               he
               is
               called
               
                 Rex
                 ,
                 à
                 Regendo
                 ;
              
               but
               some
               will
               have
               it
               ,
               
                 à
                 recte
                 agendo
                 .
              
               And
               it
               is
               clear
               ,
               that
               one
               man
               cannot
               be
               so
               clear
               sighted
               as
               to
               perceive
               all
               ;
               which
               proves
               that
               verse
               of
               
                 Homer
              
               to
               be
               true
               ,
               rendred
               into
               Latine
               ,
               thus
               :
            
             
             
               Bini
               conveniunt
               melius
               rem
               perspicit
               alter
               .
            
             
               Nor
               doth
               this
               any
               waies
               diminish
               his
               power
               and
               authority
               ;
               for
               though
               many
               convene
               ,
               yet
               he
               is
               still
               the
               head
               of
               them
               all
               ,
               and
               hath
               a
               negative
               voice
               ;
               nor
               can
               any
               Act
               be
               pass'd
               without
               his
               Royal
               assent
               or
               approbation
               .
               It
               is
               taken
               
                 pro
                 confesso
                 ,
              
               that
               there
               is
               much
               care
               and
               vigilancy
               required
               in
               a
               Monarch
               ;
               for
               ,
               he
               must
               not
               seek
               so
               much
               after
               his
               own
               profit
               ,
               as
               the
               publike
               good
               and
               commodity
               of
               his
               People
               ;
               he
               must
               observe
               the
               Laws
               ,
               preserve
               the
               Rights
               and
               Liberty
               of
               his
               Subjects
               ,
               and
               maintain
               the
               authority
               and
               reputation
               of
               his
               Senate
               .
               For
               Kings
               were
               first
               of
               all
               instituted
               for
               the
               aid
               and
               assistance
               of
               the
               vertuous
               ,
               against
               those
               that
               are
               vicious
               :
               to
               them
               absolute
               power
               is
               transmitted
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               that
               they
               may
               revenge
               injuries
               ,
               and
               be
               just
               Judges
               in
               all
               causes
               and
               legal
               proceedings
               .
               A
               good
               King
               ought
               to
               be
               as
               vigilant
               over
               those
               whom
               Providence
               hath
               allotted
               him
               Supreme
               ,
               as
               a
               Shepherd
               is
               of
               his
               Flock
               .
               
                 Homer
              
               calls
               King
               
                 Agamemnon
                 ,
              
               the
               shepherd
               of
               the
               People
               ;
               and
               
                 Plato
              
               in
               imitation
               of
               him
               ,
               the
               Shepherd
               and
               Conserver
               of
               Mankind
               .
               Besides
               ,
               he
               should
               govern
               his
               People
               ,
               not
               
               as
               Masters
               do
               their
               Servants
               ,
               but
               as
               Parents
               do
               their
               Children
               ;
               with
               Paternal
               care
               ,
               not
               with
               rigid
               severity
               or
               cruelty
               .
               And
               as
               it
               is
               customary
               with
               indulgent
               Parents
               ,
               sometimes
               to
               rebuke
               their
               Children
               ,
               sometimes
               to
               admonish
               and
               encourage
               them
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               also
               to
               correct
               and
               punish
               them
               ;
               so
               should
               a
               Prince
               behave
               himself
               toward
               his
               Subjects
               ;
               manifesting
               himself
               sometimes
               severe
               ,
               (
               when
               moved
               thereunto
               )
               and
               at
               other
               times
               gentle
               ,
               affable
               and
               courteous
               ,
               both
               for
               the
               preservation
               of
               his
               people
               ,
               and
               the
               safety
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               ;
               defending
               and
               enlarging
               the
               
                 bonum
                 commune
              
               with
               no
               less
               care
               than
               a
               Father
               provides
               for
               the
               sustentation
               of
               his
               Children
               .
               This
               makes
               the
               difference
               between
               Kings
               and
               Tyrants
               :
               the
               one
               is
               studious
               for
               the
               publike
               good
               ,
               the
               other
               for
               his
               own
               private
               profit
               .
               The
               end
               of
               the
               Tyrants
               endeavour
               is
               voluptuousness
               ;
               but
               the
               Kings
               study
               is
               honour
               :
               Riches
               are
               the
               mark
               at
               which
               a
               Tyrant
               levels
               ,
               but
               Vertue
               is
               the
               true
               
                 Meta
              
               of
               the
               King
               .
               Tyrants
               desire
               the
               assistance
               of
               strangers
               ,
               but
               Kings
               are
               guarded
               by
               their
               own
               loyal
               Subjects
               .
               
                 Alphonsus
                 ,
              
               King
               of
               
                 Arragon
                 ,
              
               being
               demanded
               what
               Subjects
               of
               his
               he
               most
               tenderly
               affected
               ?
               answered
               ,
               
                 I
                 love
                 them
                 better
                 that
              
               
               
                 love
                 me
                 ,
                 than
                 those
                 that
                 fear
                 me
                 .
              
               And
               not
               without
               reason
               did
               he
               thus
               express
               himself
               :
               for
               fear
               is
               usually
               accompanied
               with
               hatred
               .
               A
               King
               is
               as
               secure
               by
               the
               love
               ,
               good
               will
               and
               loyalty
               of
               his
               Subjects
               ,
               as
               by
               the
               defence
               of
               Arms
               ;
               and
               his
               Senators
               will
               stand
               him
               in
               more
               stead
               upon
               any
               occasion
               ,
               than
               a
               Tyrants
               Souldiers
               .
               
                 Trajanus
                 ,
              
               that
               great
               Emperour
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               did
               alwaies
               call
               the
               Senate
               ,
               his
               Father
               :
               for
               ,
               as
               the
               Father
               usually
               foretels
               the
               Son
               what
               may
               prove
               beneficial
               ,
               and
               what
               injurious
               to
               him
               :
               so
               the
               Senate
               counsels
               the
               King
               ,
               and
               instructs
               him
               how
               to
               conserve
               his
               Kingdom
               ,
               and
               by
               what
               Laws
               and
               Ordinances
               it
               must
               be
               governed
               .
               This
               is
               the
               only
               way
               to
               keep
               the
               King
               from
               Tyranny
               ,
               and
               the
               Subject
               from
               Rebellion
               .
               Now
               tyranny
               in
               the
               one
               ,
               with
               rebellion
               in
               the
               other
               ,
               will
               soon
               verifie
               that
               Dystich
               of
               the
               Satyrist
               :
               
                 
                   Adgenerum
                   Cereris
                   sine
                   caede
                   ,
                   &
                   vulnere
                   pauci
                
                 
                   Descendunt
                   Reges
                   ,
                   &
                   sicca
                   morte
                   Tyranni
                   .
                
              
               A
               good
               King
               knows
               how
               to
               irretiate
               and
               allure
               the
               hearts
               of
               the
               People
               to
               him
               by
               love
               and
               clemency
               ,
               sooner
               than
               by
               violence
               and
               compulsion
               .
               And
               good
               people
               know
               their
               duty
               and
               obedience
               :
               and
               if
               the
               King
               
               through
               the
               sins
               of
               the
               people
               be
               any
               way
               misguided
               ,
               they
               will
               bite
               their
               nails
               ,
               and
               not
               scratch
               their
               heads
               ;
               they
               know
               it
               is
               a
               crime
               inexplable
               ,
               to
               quarrel
               with
               Majesty
               :
               the
               only
               way
               to
               live
               happy
               in
               a
               Kingdom
               ,
               is
               this
               ,
               first
               ,
               to
               give
               God
               ,
               and
               then
               
                 Caesar
              
               his
               due
               .
               But
               when
               Kings
               grow
               tyrannical
               ,
               then
               there
               is
               little
               or
               no
               allegiance
               from
               the
               Subject
               ,
               but
               what
               they
               are
               compelled
               to
               ;
               whereas
               that
               is
               far
               more
               to
               be
               esteemed
               ,
               that
               flows
               naturally
               and
               voluntarily
               from
               the
               people
               ;
               and
               this
               usually
               stirs
               them
               up
               to
               sedition
               ,
               and
               so
               consequently
               to
               their
               utter
               ruine
               and
               destruction
               ,
               and
               the
               downfal
               both
               of
               Kingdom
               and
               King
               :
               and
               the
               reason
               is
               ,
               because
               Tyrants
               use
               certain
               sleights
               and
               State-tricks
               to
               deprive
               the
               Subject
               of
               liberty
               :
               First
               ,
               by
               clearing
               the
               Country
               of
               all
               good
               and
               wise
               men
               ,
               either
               by
               banishment
               ,
               imprisonment
               ,
               or
               death
               ;
               because
               the
               vertue
               of
               good
               men
               reproves
               them
               for
               their
               vice
               ,
               and
               renders
               them
               odious
               ;
               whenas
               all
               they
               aim
               at
               is
               only
               to
               enslave
               the
               Nation
               ,
               to
               the
               intent
               that
               they
               may
               prosecute
               their
               own
               lust
               and
               pleasure
               without
               obstruction
               .
               Such
               counsel
               as
               this
               ,
               
                 Periander
              
               poysoned
               
                 Thrafibulus
              
               with
               ;
               who
               by
               his
               infernal
               Rhetorick
               endeavoured
               to
               perswade
               him
               to
               cut
               off
               the
               
               highest
               spikes
               of
               corn
               ;
               meaning
               thereby
               ,
               that
               he
               should
               cause
               the
               cream
               of
               the
               Athenian
               Nobility
               to
               be
               executed
               .
               The
               like
               subtilty
               did
               
                 Sextus
                 Tarquinius
                 ,
              
               the
               Son
               of
               
                 Lucius
                 ,
              
               follow
               ;
               who
               being
               suborned
               by
               his
               Father
               ,
               pretended
               to
               be
               banished
               ,
               and
               fled
               fraudulently
               to
               the
               
                 Gabii
                 ;
              
               where
               having
               scrap'd
               as
               much
               acquaintance
               as
               he
               judged
               convenient
               ,
               sent
               privily
               to
               his
               Father
               to
               know
               his
               will
               and
               pleasure
               ,
               and
               what
               farther
               was
               to
               be
               done
               in
               the
               business
               for
               his
               satisfaction
               :
               who
               conducted
               the
               Messenger
               into
               the
               garden
               ,
               where
               walking
               together
               ,
               he
               with
               a
               wand
               in
               his
               hand
               strook
               off
               all
               the
               heads
               of
               the
               Poppies
               before
               him
               ;
               which
               being
               by
               the
               
                 Nuncio
              
               reported
               to
               his
               Son
               ,
               who
               had
               hellish
               wit
               enough
               to
               understand
               such
               damnable
               mysteries
               ,
               soon
               put
               the
               chief
               of
               the
               Nobility
               to
               death
               ,
               and
               by
               force
               and
               injustice
               usurped
               the
               Government
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               and
               deprived
               the
               Subjects
               of
               their
               liberty
               .
               Another
               knack
               they
               have
               to
               prejudice
               their
               Subjects
               ,
               by
               inhibiting
               their
               meetings
               ,
               conventions
               and
               conferences
               ,
               to
               prevent
               their
               study
               of
               honest
               discipline
               .
               Nay
               ,
               farther
               ,
               they
               often
               sow
               discord
               among
               the
               people
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               that
               filled
               with
               hate
               and
               private
               displeasure
               ,
               they
               may
               be
               stirred
               up
               to
               civil
               war
               and
               
               sedition
               ;
               who
               being
               thereby
               much
               impoverished
               ,
               and
               the
               war
               ceasing
               ,
               are
               compelled
               to
               pay
               for
               their
               pardon
               ;
               and
               being
               after
               this
               manner
               fleeced
               both
               waies
               of
               their
               money
               ,
               and
               reduced
               to
               poverty
               ,
               become
               base
               minded
               ,
               and
               altogether
               unfit
               to
               defend
               their
               Lives
               ,
               Laws
               ,
               or
               Liberties
               .
               These
               ,
               and
               many
               more
               that
               might
               be
               numerated
               ,
               are
               the
               plots
               and
               devices
               of
               Tyrants
               ;
               all
               which
               ,
               they
               imagine
               ,
               tend
               to
               their
               own
               benefit
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               promoting
               of
               their
               ambitious
               designs
               ;
               whenas
               oftentimes
               it
               proves
               quite
               contrary
               ,
               to
               their
               own
               ruine
               and
               personal
               destruction
               :
               for
               if
               they
               mount
               themselves
               too
               often
               on
               the
               Subjects
               galled
               back
               ,
               they
               will
               undoubtedly
               cast
               their
               rider
               ,
               let
               him
               be
               never
               so
               expert
               a
               Horseman
               .
               But
               Kings
               are
               of
               a
               quite
               contrary
               temper
               and
               disposition
               :
               it
               is
               the
               good
               ,
               and
               not
               the
               ruine
               of
               their
               Subjects
               they
               labour
               for
               ;
               because
               they
               understand
               sufficiently
               ,
               that
               the
               loss
               of
               Subjects
               is
               the
               shaking
               off
               of
               their
               Crowns
               ;
               and
               wanting
               their
               protection
               ,
               they
               are
               left
               unarm'd
               to
               the
               mercy
               of
               the
               insulting
               enemy
               .
               But
               we
               will
               now
               leave
               the
               lofty
               Subject
               of
               Kings
               to
               the
               fancy
               of
               a
               more
               sublime
               wit
               ,
               and
               the
               work
               of
               a
               more
               noble
               quill
               ;
               and
               come
               to
               our
               second
               Chapter
               ,
               which
               treats
               of
               the
               division
               of
               Commonweals
               .
            
          
           
           
             
               CHAP.
               II.
               
            
             
               Of
               the
               division
               of
               Commonweals
               and
               Kingdoms
               .
            
             
               THe
               diversity
               of
               Republicks
               proceeds
               not
               from
               Fortune
               ,
               or
               Chance-medley
               ,
               nor
               the
               disposition
               of
               the
               Heavens
               ,
               or
               the
               influence
               of
               the
               Stars
               upon
               things
               sublunary
               ;
               but
               every
               Government
               is
               framed
               according
               to
               the
               minds
               ,
               tempers
               ,
               and
               constitutions
               of
               men
               ,
               their
               wits
               and
               education
               ;
               though
               some
               ascribe
               their
               variety
               to
               the
               situation
               of
               the
               Country
               or
               Climate
               where
               men
               have
               their
               allotted
               residence
               and
               beeing
               .
               It
               is
               confest
               ,
               that
               sometimes
               ,
               through
               sedition
               ,
               faction
               ,
               and
               civil
               war
               ;
               Kingdoms
               are
               subverted
               ,
               and
               changed
               into
               States
               ;
               for
               the
               proof
               whereof
               we
               need
               not
               ramble
               far
               ,
               since
               our
               native
               rebellions
               have
               lately
               manifested
               the
               truth
               hereof
               .
               Such
               is
               the
               fluctuating
               condition
               of
               all
               worldly
               things
               ,
               that
               mischance
               waits
               at
               the
               elbow
               of
               good
               fortune
               ,
               and
               vice
               is
               masked
               with
               vertue
               ,
               that
               she
               may
               not
               appear
               in
               her
               own
               native
               hew
               and
               deformity
               ;
               for
               Man
               is
               prone
               to
               forsake
               v●●●…ue
               and
               embrace
               vice
               ,
               which
               ever
               hood-winks
               
               him
               with
               an
               appearance
               of
               good
               .
               Sometimes
               also
               it
               falls
               out
               ,
               that
               well-governed
               Republicks
               ,
               through
               evill
               Ministers
               ,
               are
               either
               utterly
               extinguished
               ,
               or
               altered
               into
               other
               forms
               of
               Government
               .
               Hence
               it
               happens
               ,
               that
               Kingdoms
               become
               Tyrannies
               ,
               
                 Optimacies
              
               come
               under
               the
               jurisdiction
               of
               a
               few
               ;
               Popular
               States
               are
               perverted
               into
               licentious
               liberty
               ,
               and
               from
               that
               reduced
               into
               Tyranny
               ;
               and
               this
               is
               the
               revolution
               of
               their
               Government
               ,
               and
               original
               of
               their
               Catastrophe
               .
               
                 Plato
              
               writes
               ,
               that
               the
               mutation
               of
               Commonweals
               is
               fatal
               ,
               through
               the
               disposition
               of
               the
               Heavens
               ,
               and
               the
               operation
               or
               influence
               of
               Coelestial
               bodies
               upon
               Terrestrial
               .
               But
               as
               we
               have
               already
               instanced
               ,
               their
               variation
               happens
               from
               the
               variety
               of
               the
               minds
               of
               the
               Inhabitants
               .
               For
               some
               Countries
               abound
               with
               rich
               ,
               others
               are
               cram'd
               with
               poor
               men
               .
               In
               some
               ,
               there
               is
               store
               of
               Nobles
               ,
               Souldiers
               and
               Husbandmen
               ;
               in
               others
               ,
               plenty
               of
               Merchants
               ,
               Handicraftsmen
               and
               Artificers
               .
               Now
               ,
               wheresoever
               the
               number
               of
               Merchants
               ,
               Artificers
               and
               Husbandmen
               surmount
               the
               rest
               ,
               that
               State
               usually
               becommeth
               Popular
               :
               But
               where
               there
               is
               the
               greatest
               quantity
               of
               rich
               men
               ,
               there
               is
               established
               the
               government
               of
               a
               few
               .
               
               Where
               the
               major
               part
               of
               Citizens
               be
               good
               ,
               wise
               and
               vertuous
               ,
               that
               State
               is
               apt
               to
               be
               governed
               as
               an
               Optimacy
               .
               There
               are
               three
               things
               (
               saith
               
                 Aristotle
                 )
              
               that
               contend
               for
               priority
               in
               Government
               :
               Liberty
               ,
               Riches
               and
               Vertue
               .
               For
               ,
               Nobility
               (
               which
               supplies
               the
               fourth
               place
               )
               is
               the
               associate
               of
               vertue
               and
               riches
               ,
               because
               the
               equal
               mixture
               of
               rich
               and
               poor
               men
               ,
               make
               a
               Popular
               State
               .
               A
               faction
               of
               rich
               men
               ,
               is
               called
               ,
               the
               Government
               of
               a
               few
               ;
               and
               the
               consent
               of
               all
               three
               ,
               
                 viz.
              
               Freemen
               ,
               rich
               men
               ,
               and
               good
               men
               ,
               is
               counted
               an
               Optimacie
               :
               such
               was
               the
               Carthaginian
               Republick
               ;
               for
               Rich
               men
               ,
               Good
               men
               ,
               and
               Noblemen
               were
               therein
               equally
               esteemed
               .
               Now
               ,
               it
               is
               the
               disposition
               and
               desire
               of
               some
               men
               to
               live
               ,
               in
               Kingdoms
               rather
               than
               in
               any
               other
               State
               ;
               who
               are
               such
               men
               as
               are
               naturally
               ambitious
               of
               honour
               ,
               vertuous
               ,
               and
               fitted
               for
               action
               .
               The
               
                 Cappadocians
              
               having
               enjoyed
               Kings
               for
               many
               years
               (
               whose
               Race
               was
               at
               length
               extinguished
               )
               were
               profered
               by
               the
               Romans
               to
               have
               their
               State
               converted
               into
               popular
               Liberty
               ;
               but
               they
               refused
               it
               :
               whereupon
               they
               appointed
               
                 Ariobarsanes
                 ,
              
               their
               friend
               ,
               King
               of
               
                 Cappadocia
                 .
              
               The
               Athenians
               followed
               the
               quite
               contrary
               course
               ;
               for
               they
               affecting
               a
               Popular
               State
               ,
               would
               
               not
               allow
               of
               the
               Government
               by
               one
               ,
               nor
               many
               .
               Yea
               ,
               some
               there
               are
               that
               approve
               of
               Tyrannical
               Government
               most
               of
               all
               ;
               as
               the
               
                 Siculi
              
               of
               old
               ,
               who
               were
               ever
               accustomed
               to
               be
               ruled
               by
               Tyrants
               ,
               and
               so
               were
               almost
               all
               the
               people
               of
               
                 Asia
                 ;
              
               who
               being
               naturally
               servile
               ,
               are
               even
               to
               this
               Age
               subject
               to
               tyrannical
               Government
               .
               Now
               ,
               if
               any
               man
               demand
               ,
               What
               a
               Common-wealth
               is
               ?
               This
               doubt
               cannot
               arise
               from
               the
               name
               ,
               it
               being
               a
               certain
               order
               among
               the
               Inhabitants
               assembled
               together
               in
               one
               City
               or
               Country
               ,
               and
               there
               residing
               ;
               but
               from
               the
               variety
               and
               difference
               of
               Republicks
               :
               for
               as
               mens
               manners
               ,
               delights
               and
               estates
               be
               various
               ,
               so
               also
               is
               the
               Government
               of
               Commonweals
               manifold
               .
               And
               though
               the
               
                 Terminus
                 ad
                 quem
                 ,
              
               or
               end
               ,
               is
               one
               and
               the
               same
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 bonum
                 ,
              
               good
               ;
               yet
               the
               
                 Terminus
                 d
                 quo
                 ,
              
               or
               means
               whereby
               they
               aspire
               to
               that
               good
               ,
               are
               various
               ,
               and
               so
               consequently
               the
               Laws
               and
               Customs
               are
               of
               sundry
               sorts
               that
               are
               by
               them
               used
               .
               For
               ,
               he
               that
               shall
               compare
               the
               Laws
               of
               
                 Hippodamus
              
               enacted
               for
               the
               
                 Miletians
                 ,
              
               with
               those
               of
               
                 Minos
              
               made
               for
               the
               
                 Candians
                 ;
              
               or
               the
               Ordinances
               of
               
                 Lycurgus
                 ,
              
               with
               the
               Decrees
               of
               
                 Solon
                 ,
              
               the
               one
               writing
               of
               the
               Lacedaemonian
               ,
               the
               other
               of
               the
               Athenian
               Government
               ,
               
               may
               with
               facility
               understand
               their
               Laws
               to
               be
               divers
               ,
               their
               Magistrates
               unlike
               ,
               and
               the
               Form
               of
               their
               States
               very
               discrepant
               .
               The
               seven
               Wise
               wen
               
                 (
                 Thales
              
               excepted
               ,
               who
               did
               not
               care
               for
               fishing
               in
               the
               troubled
               waters
               of
               State-affairs
               )
               introduced
               several
               exercises
               ,
               Laws
               and
               Governments
               according
               to
               the
               peoples
               capacity
               ,
               and
               their
               own
               pecular
               fancies
               ,
               and
               by
               sundry
               orders
               and
               uses
               did
               execute
               them
               .
               Which
               variety
               of
               Government
               hath
               ministred
               matter
               of
               great
               controversie
               and
               contrariety
               of
               opinion
               ;
               Insomuch
               ,
               that
               the
               Learned
               ,
               as
               well
               in
               our
               ,
               as
               forrain
               Schools
               and
               Universities
               ,
               have
               assumed
               the
               disputation
               of
               the
               several
               sorts
               of
               Commonweals
               ,
               and
               confined
               them
               to
               a
               certain
               number
               ;
               besides
               ,
               they
               have
               manifested
               which
               of
               them
               deserve
               the
               greatest
               commendation
               ,
               and
               ought
               to
               be
               embraced
               .
               
                 Plato
              
               and
               
                 Aristotle
              
               seem
               to
               excell
               all
               persons
               that
               ever
               wrote
               on
               this
               Subject
               :
               For
               they
               with
               solid
               judgement
               ,
               and
               great
               respect
               to
               the
               nature
               of
               men
               ,
               and
               the
               temperature
               of
               the
               Region
               or
               Climate
               ,
               have
               discreetly
               appointed
               Laws
               and
               Governments
               suitable
               to
               the
               disposition
               and
               temper
               of
               the
               Inhabitants
               :
               therefore
               according
               to
               the
               opinion
               of
               these
               two
               famous
               Philosophers
               ,
               we
               will
               discourse
               
               of
               three
               sorts
               of
               Republicks
               :
               The
               first
               is
               called
               ,
               
                 Monarchia
                 ;
              
               The
               second
               ,
               
                 Aristocratia
                 ;
              
               And
               the
               third
               ,
               
                 Democratia
                 ;
              
               which
               the
               Latines
               term
               ,
               
                 Regnum
                 ,
                 Optimatum
                 Principatus
                 ,
                 &
                 Popularis
                 Respublica
                 .
              
               The
               Supreme
               Governour
               of
               all
               things
               ,
               by
               his
               Providence
               divine
               ,
               hath
               so
               ordered
               ,
               that
               the
               faculties
               or
               powers
               of
               man's
               mind
               should
               reside
               in
               three
               parts
               of
               his
               body
               ,
               representing
               thereby
               three
               
                 Idaea's
              
               or
               Forms
               of
               Republicks
               ;
               constituting
               Reason
               as
               sole
               Monarch
               ,
               or
               Lord
               Paramount
               of
               them
               all
               ,
               to
               remain
               in
               the
               head
               ,
               being
               the
               highest
               part
               .
               The
               second
               part
               ,
               as
               most
               vigilant
               and
               apt
               to
               obey
               ,
               he
               hath
               placed
               near
               unto
               it
               ,
               in
               the
               breast
               ,
               creating
               it
               a
               companion
               and
               helper
               to
               the
               head
               ;
               which
               
                 Plato
              
               calls
               ,
               
                 Vim
                 irascendi
                 ,
              
               or
               
                 affectuum
                 sedem
                 .
              
               The
               third
               ,
               resembling
               a
               rude
               multitude
               ,
               witless
               ,
               froward
               ,
               and
               full
               of
               sensual
               desires
               ,
               harbours
               beneath
               the
               heart
               ,
               far
               remote
               from
               the
               other
               .
               In
               these
               parts
               of
               the
               soul
               ,
               as
               in
               a
               Mirrour
               or
               Looking-glass
               ,
               we
               may
               spy
               out
               three
               sorts
               of
               Commonweals
               .
               The
               highest
               supplies
               the
               place
               of
               King
               ,
               as
               destined
               and
               appointed
               to
               exercise
               authority
               over
               all
               .
               The
               second
               ,
               though
               in
               place
               inferiour
               ,
               yet
               in
               quality
               is
               of
               no
               less
               regard
               ,
               being
               well
               obeyed
               :
               for
               ,
               where
               Reason
               swaies
               without
               the
               aid
               and
               
               assistance
               of
               the
               affections
               ,
               all
               actions
               are
               weak
               and
               impotent
               .
               Just
               so
               a
               Senate
               wanting
               the
               assistance
               of
               Reason
               ,
               which
               deports
               her self
               partly
               as
               Captain
               ,
               partly
               as
               a
               Souldier
               in
               all
               actions
               and
               consultations
               ,
               becomes
               timorous
               and
               effeminate
               .
               
                 Aristotle
              
               hath
               therefore
               made
               a
               division
               of
               the
               power
               of
               Reason
               ,
               making
               one
               part
               absolute
               and
               standing
               upon
               its
               own
               Guard
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               ,
               depending
               and
               subservient
               ,
               like
               a
               Son
               that
               obeyeth
               the
               Father
               .
               Which
               
                 Titus
                 Livius
              
               hath
               significantly
               expressed
               ,
               in
               setting
               forth
               the
               errour
               of
               
                 Minutius
              
               in
               his
               unadvised
               fight
               against
               
                 Hannibal
                 ,
              
               which
               
                 Fabius
              
               reprehends
               in
               these
               or
               the
               like
               words
               :
               
                 Souldiers
              
               (
               saith
               he
               )
               
                 I
                 have
                 often
                 heard
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 that
                 of
                 himself
                 can
                 rightly
                 judge
                 ,
                 deserves
                 the
                 greatest
                 commendation
                 :
                 next
                 unto
                 him
                 are
                 they
                 ,
                 that
                 know
                 how
                 to
                 subscribe
                 to
                 the
                 good
                 advice
                 of
                 others
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 that
                 can
                 neither
                 counsel
                 ,
                 nor
                 follow
                 the
                 counsel
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 is
                 but
                 an
                 inch
                 on
                 this
                 side
                 a
                 Natural
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 shallow
                 capacity
                 .
              
               The
               third
               part
               of
               man's
               mind
               resembles
               a
               Popular
               Government
               ,
               wherein
               the
               multitude
               hath
               authority
               to
               hear
               all
               causes
               ,
               and
               determine
               or
               decide
               all
               controversies
               ,
               though
               many
               contests
               arise
               from
               hence
               to
               the
               prejudice
               both
               of
               the
               Country
               and
               Inhabitants
               .
            
             
             
               
                 Aristotle
              
               writes
               also
               ,
               that
               the
               Image
               or
               representation
               of
               Republicks
               may
               be
               found
               out
               in
               private
               families
               ;
               for
               the
               authority
               of
               the
               Father
               over
               his
               Children
               may
               be
               compared
               to
               Principality
               ;
               because
               Children
               are
               the
               Parents
               charge
               ;
               he
               alone
               must
               provide
               for
               them
               all
               ,
               and
               their
               faults
               are
               chastised
               ,
               rather
               than
               severely
               punished
               by
               him
               ;
               so
               ought
               a
               good
               King
               to
               demean
               himself
               toward
               his
               good
               Subjects
               .
               Therefore
               
                 Jupiter
                 ,
              
               the
               God
               of
               Gods
               and
               Men
               ,
               is
               by
               
                 Homer
              
               styled
               Father
               .
               The
               Husbands
               authority
               over
               the
               Wife
               may
               be
               compared
               to
               
                 Optimacie
                 ;
              
               for
               the
               Husband
               ought
               to
               rule
               his
               Wife
               according
               to
               Justice
               ,
               and
               command
               nothing
               but
               what
               may
               endure
               the
               test
               of
               the
               Laws
               of
               God
               and
               man
               .
               The
               State
               Popular
               is
               assimilated
               to
               brotherly
               Society
               ;
               for
               they
               ought
               to
               live
               in
               equality
               ,
               differing
               only
               in
               the
               degrees
               of
               Age
               .
               And
               as
               the
               Father
               that
               useth
               rigour
               and
               cruelty
               towards
               his
               Children
               ,
               is
               judged
               a
               Tyrant
               ,
               and
               no
               Father
               ;
               so
               that
               King
               ,
               that
               by
               the
               oppression
               of
               the
               Subject
               endeavours
               to
               encrease
               his
               private
               interest
               ,
               contemning
               all
               Laws
               ,
               and
               living
               dishonourably
               ,
               puts
               off
               his
               Kingship
               ,
               and
               is
               called
               Tyrant
               .
               A
               Husband
               and
               Wife
               living
               in
               discord
               ,
               either
               through
               negligence
               ,
               or
               obstinacy
               ,
               rejecting
               
               the
               care
               of
               their
               Children
               ,
               and
               domestick
               affairs
               ,
               do
               thereby
               abuse
               their
               authority
               ,
               and
               become
               unworthy
               the
               name
               of
               natural
               Parents
               ;
               so
               
                 Optimacie
              
               abused
               ,
               deserves
               not
               that
               title
               .
               In
               like
               manner
               Brethren
               disagreeing
               ,
               neglecting
               their
               mutual
               profit
               ,
               addicting
               themselves
               to
               sloath
               and
               lasciviousness
               ,
               are
               not
               to
               be
               accounted
               Brethren
               ;
               no
               more
               is
               a
               Popular
               State
               so
               to
               be
               esteemed
               ,
               if
               of
               such
               a
               temper
               .
               Thus
               it
               is
               apparent
               ,
               that
               through
               the
               default
               and
               inconsiderateness
               of
               Superiors
               ,
               true
               Commonweals
               are
               converted
               into
               false
               and
               contrary
               Governments
               .
               Policy
               ,
               which
               by
               the
               Graecians
               is
               called
               ,
               
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
                 {non-Roman}
              
               ,
               and
               by
               
                 Plato
              
               and
               
                 Aristotle
                 ,
                 Respublica
                 popularis
                 ,
              
               may
               be
               referred
               to
               all
               sorts
               of
               Republicks
               ;
               because
               that
               word
               is
               universal
               ,
               and
               includes
               all
               civil
               Government
               .
               
                 Plato
              
               adds
               another
               kind
               of
               Government
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               a
               King
               subject
               to
               his
               Laws
               ;
               making
               Monarchy
               of
               two
               sorts
               ,
               and
               consequently
               two
               Kings
               ;
               the
               one
               bound
               and
               confined
               ,
               the
               other
               free
               ,
               and
               not
               restrained
               to
               any
               Law
               :
               this
               is
               his
               opinion
               of
               Monarchy
               ,
               though
               not
               ours
               .
            
             
               But
               now
               let
               us
               discourse
               of
               the
               best
               sort
               of
               Republicks
               ,
               though
               it
               be
               a
               very
               hard
               task
               :
               to
               the
               accomplishment
               of
               which
               intended
               work
               ,
               it
               is
               requisite
               that
               a
               man
               
               understand
               the
               best
               kind
               and
               order
               of
               life
               ;
               for
               otherwise
               a
               perfect
               Commonwealth
               cannot
               be
               conceived
               :
               but
               what
               sort
               of
               life
               merits
               the
               reputation
               of
               the
               best
               ,
               as
               yet
               
                 latet
                 in
                 obscuro
              
               among
               the
               major
               part
               of
               Philosophers
               .
               The
               Epicures
               ,
               Stoicks
               and
               Peripateticks
               are
               of
               different
               opinions
               concerning
               this
               subject
               ,
               and
               have
               divided
               the
               world
               by
               the
               variety
               of
               their
               Sects
               and
               whimsies
               .
               But
               our
               intent
               is
               to
               concur
               with
               the
               Peripateticks
               ,
               because
               their
               Schools
               have
               been
               the
               greatest
               Nurseries
               of
               good
               Governours
               .
               The
               Stoicks
               ,
               that
               did
               ever
               wed
               themselves
               to
               an
               austere
               life
               ,
               ground
               their
               felicity
               upon
               Vertue
               only
               ;
               which
               we
               disapprove
               not
               ,
               so
               that
               they
               consent
               ,
               that
               external
               goods
               ,
               which
               both
               Nature
               and
               Fortune
               have
               made
               for
               the
               use
               of
               man
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               he
               may
               thereby
               be
               the
               better
               accommodated
               ,
               be
               joyned
               thereunto
               as
               necessary
               additaments
               ;
               otherwise
               he
               cannot
               be
               perfect
               :
               and
               seeing
               that
               man's
               felicity
               is
               numbred
               among
               things
               that
               are
               perfect
               ,
               and
               that
               thing
               is
               only
               perfect
               that
               wants
               nothing
               ;
               surely
               ,
               whosoever
               desires
               to
               be
               happy
               ,
               must
               necessarily
               be
               fully
               furnished
               ,
               so
               that
               his
               felicity
               may
               be
               absolute
               ,
               and
               no
               way
               deficient
               .
               Riches
               are
               very
               necessary
               ;
               the
               liberal
               person
               stands
               in
               need
               of
               money
               to
               perform
               the
               
               actions
               of
               Liberality
               ,
               and
               the
               just
               man
               must
               therewith
               reward
               and
               make
               satisfaction
               .
               The
               Warriour
               wants
               it
               ;
               for
               according
               to
               the
               Poet
               ,
               
                 
                   
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                     {non-Roman}
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Argentis
                   pugna
                   telis
                   ,
                   ac
                   omnia
                   vinces
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Now
               the
               Epicure
               ,
               he
               placeth
               his
               
                 summum
                 bonum
              
               in
               sensual
               delights
               and
               pleasures
               ;
               which
               is
               more
               becoming
               a
               beast
               ,
               than
               a
               man
               .
               Whereas
               
                 Aristotle
              
               makes
               a
               joynt
               agreement
               of
               Vertue
               ,
               and
               other
               additional
               ornaments
               ,
               or
               external
               helps
               ,
               most
               necessary
               for
               a
               well-regulated
               person
               .
            
             
               Philosophers
               affirm
               ,
               that
               there
               are
               three
               sorts
               of
               life
               :
               The
               first
               ,
               consisteth
               in
               Action
               ;
               The
               second
               ,
               in
               Contemplation
               ;
               And
               the
               third
               ,
               in
               Pleasure
               .
               That
               which
               resteth
               in
               Action
               ,
               if
               not
               accompanied
               with
               wisdom
               and
               vertue
               ,
               proveth
               unprofitable
               ,
               and
               is
               subject
               to
               many
               vices
               and
               imperfections
               .
               That
               which
               is
               employed
               in
               Contemplation
               ,
               not
               being
               accompanied
               with
               Action
               ,
               is
               vain
               and
               ineffectual
               .
               For
               ,
               as
               he
               that
               boldly
               looks
               upon
               the
               Sun
               when
               in
               the
               Meridian
               of
               his
               lustre
               ,
               is
               made
               blind
               with
               his
               vehement
               heat
               and
               tralucent
               splendor
               :
               so
               the
               mind
               of
               man
               ,
               continually
               occupied
               
               with
               the
               speculation
               of
               sublime
               mysteries
               ,
               becomes
               stupid
               ,
               heavy
               ,
               and
               languishing
               .
               He
               therefore
               that
               desires
               the
               name
               of
               vertuous
               ,
               must
               lead
               a
               civil
               as
               well
               as
               a
               philosophical
               ,
               an
               active
               as
               well
               as
               a
               contemplative
               life
               ;
               the
               mixture
               of
               which
               two
               ,
               makes
               man
               happy
               and
               fortunate
               .
               But
               he
               that
               delights
               only
               in
               sensuality
               ,
               absolutely
               forgetting
               that
               he
               was
               ever
               qualified
               with
               the
               gift
               of
               reason
               ,
               may
               be
               said
               to
               represent
               man
               ,
               as
               to
               his
               outward
               complexion
               or
               blush
               ;
               but
               he
               wants
               the
               true
               and
               proper
               nature
               of
               man
               .
            
             
               Hence
               ariseth
               the
               diversity
               of
               mankind
               ;
               for
               some
               are
               born
               free
               ,
               noble
               ,
               wise
               ,
               and
               fit
               for
               government
               ;
               others
               ,
               servile
               ,
               boorish
               ,
               witless
               ,
               destined
               to
               servitude
               and
               bondage
               .
               
                 Plato
              
               hath
               it
               ,
               that
               God
               in
               Man's
               Creation
               had
               so
               ordered
               ,
               that
               in
               the
               generation
               of
               those
               that
               are
               apt
               to
               govern
               ,
               he
               hath
               mixed
               gold
               ;
               of
               them
               that
               are
               appointed
               as
               assistant
               to
               Governours
               ,
               silver
               ;
               And
               the
               nature
               of
               Plough-men
               and
               Artizans
               is
               compounded
               with
               Brass
               and
               Iron
               :
               which
               similitude
               
                 Aristotle
              
               applies
               to
               the
               manners
               and
               capacities
               of
               men
               .
               For
               ,
               although
               every
               man
               doth
               naturally
               desire
               that
               his
               children
               should
               resemble
               him
               ;
               yet
               it
               often
               happens
               ,
               that
               silver
               is
               the
               issue
               of
               gold
               ,
               and
               some
               
               metal
               of
               a
               more
               inferiour
               allay
               ,
               the
               issue
               of
               silver
               .
               It
               is
               therefore
               very
               requisite
               ,
               that
               Princes
               pry
               into
               the
               nature
               of
               their
               Children
               ,
               that
               they
               may
               understand
               their
               disposition
               ;
               and
               they
               that
               are
               like
               Iron
               may
               be
               converted
               into
               gold
               ;
               or
               that
               proving
               impossible
               ,
               the
               government
               may
               be
               allotted
               to
               others
               :
               for
               it
               hath
               been
               oraculously
               prophesied
               ,
               that
               those
               Countries
               that
               are
               governed
               by
               Brass
               and
               Iron
               ,
               should
               perish
               and
               come
               to
               confusion
               .
            
             
               But
               now
               as
               to
               
                 Optimacie
                 ,
              
               it
               consists
               in
               a
               certain
               number
               of
               vertuous
               Citizens
               (
               or
               at
               least
               should
               )
               because
               they
               govern
               the
               Republick
               according
               to
               the
               Rules
               and
               Edicts
               of
               the
               Law
               ;
               whereas
               in
               popular
               States
               all
               things
               are
               contrarily
               managed
               :
               for
               Liberty
               being
               the
               end
               thereof
               ,
               the
               State
               is
               ruled
               according
               to
               will
               and
               popular
               fury
               ,
               without
               the
               consideration
               of
               vertue
               or
               reason
               .
               In
               such
               Cities
               ,
               men
               are
               called
               good
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               profitable
               or
               beneficial
               to
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               not
               for
               their
               being
               endowed
               with
               honesty
               ,
               which
               consists
               in
               the
               action
               of
               vertue
               ;
               so
               that
               vertue
               there
               is
               measured
               by
               publike
               profit
               ,
               not
               honesty
               ;
               for
               Popular
               Justice
               ,
               called
               
                 Jus
                 populare
                 ,
              
               is
               where
               honour
               is
               conferred
               upon
               persons
               ,
               not
               according
               to
               the
               vertue
               of
               him
               
               that
               receiveth
               ,
               but
               the
               number
               of
               those
               that
               give
               it
               ;
               who
               think
               those
               things
               to
               be
               most
               equitable
               ,
               that
               are
               so
               according
               to
               the
               Vogue
               of
               the
               multitude
               ,
               not
               as
               Justice
               instructs
               us
               ;
               and
               that
               to
               be
               honourable
               ,
               which
               hath
               the
               repute
               of
               popular
               fame
               ,
               or
               approbation
               of
               the
               Multitude
               .
               And
               though
               it
               must
               necessarily
               be
               granted
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               corruption
               in
               all
               Republicks
               ;
               yet
               is
               it
               frequently
               known
               in
               Popular
               States
               ,
               and
               that
               more
               than
               in
               any
               other
               kind
               of
               Government
               :
               for
               if
               any
               man
               well-principled
               chance
               to
               have
               his
               residence
               or
               abode
               in
               any
               such
               State
               ,
               and
               he
               out
               of
               natural
               reason
               only
               disgust
               the
               Plebeian
               insolency
               ,
               and
               by
               admonition
               ,
               reprehension
               and
               correction
               strives
               to
               reduce
               the
               Citizens
               or
               Inhabitants
               to
               a
               more
               vertuous
               and
               religious
               course
               of
               life
               ,
               he
               is
               instantly
               branded
               with
               the
               name
               of
               an
               enemy
               to
               the
               State
               ,
               and
               arrested
               by
               the
               Law
               of
               
                 Ostracisme
                 ;
              
               and
               many
               times
               it
               falls
               out
               ,
               that
               he
               comes
               to
               execution
               .
               Many
               famous
               Citizens
               of
               the
               popular
               States
               of
               
                 Greece
              
               were
               hereby
               afflicted
               ,
               as
               
                 Aristides
                 ,
                 Thucydides
                 ,
                 Socrates
                 ,
                 Themistocles
              
               and
               
                 Damon
                 ;
              
               and
               at
               
                 Rome
                 ,
                 Camillus
              
               and
               
                 Scipio
              
               had
               the
               same
               measure
               dealt
               them
               .
               
                 Aristides
              
               deserves
               a
               monument
               that
               may
               endure
               to
               perpetuity
               ,
               for
               his
               singular
               vertue
               
               and
               wisdom
               ;
               who
               for
               his
               integrity
               of
               life
               and
               conversation
               ,
               was
               sirnamed
               
                 Justus
                 .
              
               And
               at
               that
               time
               when
               the
               Law
               of
               
                 Ostracisme
              
               was
               in
               force
               among
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               a
               rude
               ,
               boorish
               ,
               beef-brain'd
               fellow
               ,
               with
               a
               scrole
               of
               paper
               in
               his
               hand
               ,
               chanced
               to
               meet
               him
               ,
               who
               with
               much
               importunacy
               would
               have
               forced
               him
               to
               write
               his
               name
               therein
               .
               
                 Aristides
              
               being
               astonished
               at
               his
               earnest
               and
               strange
               request
               ;
               asked
               him
               ,
               
                 Whether
                 any
                 man
                 could
                 ever
                 say
                 he
                 had
                 injured
                 any
                 person
                 ?
                 No
                 ,
              
               (
               replied
               the
               fellow
               )
               
                 all
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 prompts
                 me
                 to
                 my
                 demand
                 ,
                 is
                 only
                 this
                 ,
                 I
                 stomach
                 your
                 Sirname
                 ,
              
               Justus
               .
               It
               is
               reported
               by
               
                 Cicero
                 ,
              
               that
               the
               
                 Ephesi
                 ,
              
               at
               the
               banishment
               of
               their
               Prince
               ,
               
                 Hermodorus
                 ,
              
               pronounced
               this
               Sentence
               :
               
                 Let
                 us
                 not
                 excel
                 one
                 another
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 do
                 contrary
                 to
                 what
                 is
                 herein
                 specified
                 or
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 he
                 shall
                 no
                 longer
                 reside
                 among
                 us
                 ,
                 but
                 must
                 procure
                 some
                 other
                 dwelling
                 place
                 .
              
               Strange
               Customs
               of
               Popular
               States
               !
               
                 Plato
              
               (
               as
               we
               have
               already
               instanced
               )
               saith
               ,
               
                 That
                 no
                 State
                 can
                 be
                 long
                 liv'd
                 that
                 is
                 governed
                 by
                 Iron
                 or
                 Brass
                 ;
              
               that
               is
               ,
               by
               phanatick
               or
               infatuated
               persons
               ;
               who
               being
               altogether
               unfit
               for
               Government
               ,
               seem
               to
               be
               born
               to
               disturb
               ,
               rather
               than
               obey
               .
               For
               they
               ,
               after
               some
               petty
               or
               imaginary
               success
               at
               war
               ,
               growing
               insolent
               and
               tympanous
               ,
               have
               
               alwaies
               some
               flattering
               Tutors
               ,
               and
               colloguing
               popular
               Captains
               to
               extol
               their
               Vertues
               ,
               ready
               at
               hand
               ;
               who
               immediately
               upon
               this
               allured
               ,
               or
               rather
               caught
               with
               the
               golden
               bait
               of
               glory
               ,
               reject
               the
               authority
               of
               their
               wise
               governours
               ,
               rebelling
               against
               their
               Superiours
               ,
               and
               so
               usurping
               their
               lawful
               power
               ,
               take
               it
               into
               their
               hands
               ,
               and
               manage
               it
               according
               to
               their
               own
               corrupt
               wills
               and
               depraved
               judgements
               ;
               which
               is
               the
               cause
               that
               such
               States
               soon
               expire
               ,
               and
               that
               oftentimes
               in
               their
               very
               infancy
               :
               for
               through
               the
               diversity
               of
               minds
               and
               opinions
               among
               them
               ,
               they
               become
               void
               of
               counsel
               ;
               and
               after
               a
               continued
               series
               (
               if
               it
               last
               any
               considerable
               time
               )
               of
               insolency
               ,
               contention
               and
               faction
               ,
               they
               become
               submissive
               either
               to
               a
               few
               ,
               or
               else
               to
               some
               single
               person
               .
               Thus
               did
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               who
               having
               obtained
               the
               victory
               in
               a
               memorable
               Sea-fight
               against
               the
               
                 Medes
                 ,
              
               bladder'd
               up
               with
               pride
               from
               their
               success
               herein
               ,
               it
               caused
               sedition
               and
               tumultuation
               in
               that
               State
               ,
               notwithstanding
               the
               contrary
               endeavours
               of
               the
               more
               sober
               to
               prevent
               it
               .
               Nay
               ,
               the
               original
               of
               States
               Popular
               sometimes
               ariseth
               from
               rebellion
               attempted
               against
               the
               Royal
               Party
               ,
               as
               it
               frequently
               happened
               at
               
                 Rome
                 :
              
               and
               at
               other
               times
               it
               
               falls
               out
               ,
               when
               the
               people
               through
               tyranny
               are
               exasperated
               ,
               and
               made
               desperate
               by
               the
               rigour
               of
               their
               Princes
               or
               Governours
               ;
               for
               then
               by
               force
               of
               arms
               against
               their
               King
               ,
               they
               begin
               to
               mould
               a
               new-fashioned
               Government
               among
               themselves
               ;
               which
               the
               
                 Swisses
                 ,
              
               not
               many
               years
               since
               ,
               have
               done
               .
               As
               to
               Oligarchy
               or
               Tyranny
               ,
               we
               shall
               not
               extend
               our
               discourse
               ,
               but
               pass
               them
               by
               ,
               because
               we
               judge
               such
               kind
               of
               Government
               to
               be
               altogether
               unjust
               ,
               insupportable
               ,
               and
               quite
               contrary
               to
               a
               vertuous
               and
               civill
               life
               .
            
             
               Now
               ,
               as
               to
               the
               discovery
               of
               the
               most
               notable
               and
               imitable
               Commonweals
               and
               Kingdoms
               in
               the
               habitable
               World
               ,
               that
               shall
               be
               the
               subject
               of
               our
               ensuing
               Chapter
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               
            
             
               Wherein
               is
               contained
               the
               various
               Forms
               of
               the
               most
               memorable
               and
               famous
               Commonweals
               and
               Kingdoms
               in
               the
               World
               .
            
             
               THe
               excellency
               and
               pre-eminency
               of
               every
               Nation
               or
               Republick
               may
               easily
               be
               understood
               by
               the
               Government
               and
               
               Laws
               therein
               practised
               and
               exercised
               :
               for
               those
               are
               judged
               the
               best
               ,
               that
               direct
               the
               course
               of
               their
               life
               according
               to
               justice
               and
               equity
               ,
               and
               not
               the
               peculiar
               w●imsies
               of
               their
               own
               natural
               fancy
               ;
               and
               constantly
               persevere
               therein
               ,
               without
               so
               much
               as
               the
               appearance
               of
               change
               or
               variation
               :
               it
               is
               an
               apparent
               and
               clear
               argument
               of
               female
               frailty
               ,
               far
               derogating
               from
               the
               dignity
               of
               Man
               ,
               to
               be
               so
               fickle
               and
               inconstant
               ,
               as
               to
               seek
               after
               variety
               ;
               but
               to
               be
               fix'd
               and
               grounded
               ,
               is
               an
               argument
               of
               a
               noble
               resolution
               .
            
             
               And
               first
               ,
               as
               for
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               
                 Plato
                 ,
              
               we
               shall
               pass
               that
               by
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               usually
               said
               ,
               that
               such
               a
               Government
               as
               his
               ,
               neither
               is
               ,
               hath
               been
               ,
               nor
               shall
               be
               hereafter
               .
            
             
               The
               Athenian
               Republick
               was
               first
               made
               as
               followeth
               :
               That
               People
               being
               dispersed
               ,
               and
               haunting
               the
               woods
               and
               fields
               like
               brute
               Animals
               ,
               were
               first
               by
               
                 Cecrops
                 ,
              
               and
               after
               by
               
                 Theseus
              
               confined
               to
               a
               City
               ,
               which
               was
               then
               called
               
                 Cecropia
                 ,
              
               now
               
                 Athens
                 ,
              
               and
               at
               length
               reduced
               to
               a
               Kingdom
               ,
               descendable
               to
               their
               Posterity
               .
               But
               what
               authority
               the
               Senate
               had
               under
               those
               Kings
               (
               which
               order
               did
               represent
               the
               
                 Optimacie
                 )
              
               cannot
               be
               manifested
               or
               apparently
               known
               ,
               by
               
               reason
               of
               the
               length
               of
               time
               ,
               and
               multitude
               of
               years
               since
               elapsed
               ,
               as
               also
               the
               paucity
               of
               those
               Writers
               that
               have
               any
               waies
               discoursed
               thereon
               .
               Yet
               we
               must
               believe
               ,
               that
               Kings
               had
               in
               those
               daies
               their
               Sages
               or
               Wisemen
               about
               them
               ,
               and
               made
               use
               of
               their
               counsel
               in
               the
               management
               of
               their
               political
               affairs
               .
               The
               Kings
               of
               that
               Age
               (
               as
               
                 Thucydides
              
               writes
               )
               did
               rule
               by
               consent
               of
               People
               ,
               and
               with
               their
               suffrages
               did
               many
               times
               determine
               those
               things
               whereof
               they
               themselves
               were
               doubtful
               .
               Yet
               that
               Government
               was
               of
               short
               continuance
               ;
               for
               ,
               in
               tract
               of
               time
               (
               which
               altereth
               all
               things
               )
               it
               was
               committed
               to
               the
               multitude
               ,
               whose
               force
               and
               power
               did
               utterly
               subvert
               the
               Commonwealth
               .
            
             
               The
               Lacedaemonian
               State
               seemed
               to
               contain
               all
               the
               three
               sorts
               of
               Government
               ,
               
                 viz.
              
               King
               ,
               Nobles
               ,
               and
               People
               ;
               the
               Nobles
               were
               their
               Senators
               ,
               and
               the
               People
               were
               the
               
                 Ephori
                 ;
              
               for
               they
               were
               alwaies
               elected
               out
               of
               the
               number
               of
               popular
               men
               .
               Now
               the
               Lacedaemonians
               are
               very
               much
               extolled
               ,
               in
               that
               for
               the
               space
               of
               seven
               hundred
               years
               compleat
               ,
               they
               have
               continued
               without
               any
               alteration
               of
               their
               Laws
               ,
               Customs
               ,
               or
               Government
               .
               But
               the
               Venetians
               in
               that
               respect
               may
               challenge
               a
               greater
               portion
               
               of
               glory
               ,
               for
               they
               have
               till
               this
               very
               present
               Age
               of
               ours
               constantly
               lived
               under
               one
               Form
               of
               Government
               and
               Governours
               the
               space
               of
               one
               thousand
               years
               ,
               and
               better
               .
            
             
               Now
               the
               Venetians
               in
               framing
               their
               Republick
               ,
               do
               include
               within
               the
               name
               of
               People
               ,
               Gentlemen
               and
               Citizens
               ;
               being
               very
               careful
               to
               oppose
               any
               other
               ,
               if
               he
               presume
               or
               dare
               usurp
               that
               title
               ,
               because
               they
               only
               are
               capable
               of
               Magistracy
               .
               The
               Senate
               is
               chosen
               out
               of
               that
               number
               that
               represents
               an
               
                 Optimacie
                 ,
              
               and
               is
               the
               foundation
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               ,
               of
               that
               State
               .
               The
               Duke
               is
               elected
               out
               of
               that
               number
               that
               resemble
               Kings
               .
            
             
               
                 Polybius
              
               doth
               very
               much
               extol
               the
               Roman
               Monarchy
               ,
               because
               it
               was
               made
               up
               of
               the
               King
               ,
               Nobility
               and
               People
               ;
               supposing
               that
               by
               this
               means
               the
               King
               for
               fear
               of
               the
               People
               durst
               not
               become
               insolent
               ;
               and
               the
               People
               ,
               out
               of
               respect
               to
               the
               Senate
               ,
               durst
               not
               disobey
               the
               King
               .
               Which
               Form
               of
               Republick
               is
               accounted
               most
               just
               .
               For
               as
               perfect
               harmony
               is
               made
               up
               of
               Treble
               ,
               Mean
               ,
               and
               Base
               ;
               so
               the
               best
               and
               surest
               agreement
               among
               men
               ,
               and
               the
               most
               stable
               Government
               ,
               is
               established
               by
               the
               mixture
               of
               the
               Best
               ,
               the
               Mean
               ,
               and
               the
               Base
               people
               .
            
             
               
                 Romulus
              
               (
               saith
               
                 Livy
                 )
              
               being
               (
               as
               we
               have
               
               already
               mentioned
               )
               by
               consent
               both
               of
               God
               and
               men
               elected
               King
               ,
               though
               the
               State
               was
               then
               but
               an
               
                 Embryo
                 ,
              
               refused
               to
               have
               the
               reins
               of
               Government
               lie
               altogether
               upon
               his
               own
               shoulders
               ,
               and
               did
               therefore
               call
               unto
               his
               assistance
               one
               hundred
               Senators
               ,
               who
               out
               of
               respect
               to
               their
               Age
               and
               Gravity
               ,
               were
               called
               Fathers
               .
               And
               lest
               the
               People
               should
               suppose
               that
               they
               were
               hereby
               deluded
               ,
               misled
               ,
               and
               defrauded
               of
               all
               honour
               ,
               and
               thereby
               envy
               and
               malignity
               might
               ensue
               ,
               to
               the
               prejudice
               of
               the
               King
               or
               Senate
               ;
               He
               made
               them
               Judges
               ,
               and
               gave
               them
               full
               power
               and
               authority
               to
               sit
               and
               determine
               War
               ,
               and
               conclude
               peace
               ,
               with
               many
               other
               priviledges
               thereunto
               annexed
               .
               And
               if
               this
               model
               of
               Government
               had
               still
               continued
               in
               
                 Rome
                 ,
              
               there
               had
               not
               been
               so
               great
               an
               effusion
               of
               bloud
               in
               aspiring
               after
               Liberty
               and
               enlarging
               the
               Territories
               of
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               ;
               Nor
               had
               the
               happiness
               of
               that
               Country
               been
               shaken
               with
               so
               many
               seditions
               ,
               which
               did
               at
               length
               work
               her
               ruine
               and
               desolation
               :
               for
               she
               was
               observed
               to
               be
               very
               little
               acquainted
               with
               peace
               all
               the
               time
               she
               stood
               upon
               her
               own
               legs
               ,
               ever
               since
               she
               was
               able
               to
               go
               alone
               .
            
             
               But
               now
               let
               us
               take
               the
               Governments
               of
               
               our
               Age
               into
               consideration
               ;
               and
               first
               ,
               of
               the
               French
               Monarchy
               ;
               which
               owns
               a
               King
               ,
               who
               rules
               
                 ad
                 placitum
                 ,
              
               at
               his
               own
               discretion
               :
               and
               although
               his
               authority
               come
               not
               under
               the
               lash
               of
               the
               Law
               ,
               yet
               like
               an
               honourable
               and
               just
               Prince
               ,
               he
               acts
               nothing
               contrary
               to
               Law
               ,
               or
               Honour
               .
               In
               his
               Kingdom
               ,
               the
               Noblemen
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               Peers
               ,
               represent
               an
               
                 Optimacie
                 :
              
               the
               People
               are
               divided
               into
               three
               sorts
               ;
               Gentlemen
               ,
               Clergy-men
               ,
               and
               the
               popular
               Multitude
               ;
               and
               a
               choice
               number
               of
               these
               three
               assembled
               together
               by
               the
               Kings
               Edict
               or
               Command
               ,
               determine
               matters
               of
               greatest
               importance
               in
               the
               Kingdom
               .
               This
               Council
               was
               anciently
               called
               
                 Panceltium
                 ,
              
               as
               the
               
                 Aetolians
              
               named
               theirs
               
                 Panaetolium
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               universal
               Council
               of
               the
               Ionians
               was
               termed
               
                 Panionium
                 ;
              
               though
               since
               ,
               as
               we
               have
               already
               hinted
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               English
               wars
               there
               ,
               the
               King
               got
               all
               authority
               into
               his
               own
               hands
               ,
               so
               that
               his
               word
               carries
               as
               much
               force
               and
               validity
               with
               it
               ,
               as
               the
               former
               acts
               of
               Parliament
               ,
               which
               were
               their
               three
               Estates
               conven'd
               and
               met
               together
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               Spanish
               Monarchy
               ,
               the
               King
               there
               hath
               Soveraign
               authority
               and
               power
               ;
               the
               Council-Royal
               represents
               an
               
                 Optimacie
                 ;
              
               and
               the
               three
               prime
               Orders
               of
               Knighthood
               
               may
               be
               compared
               to
               the
               popular
               State
               .
               For
               the
               Order
               of
               St
               
                 Jago
                 ,
                 Collatrava
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Alcantara
                 ,
              
               assembled
               with
               the
               King
               ,
               decide
               the
               most
               important
               State-controversies
               and
               affairs
               .
            
             
               The
               Monarchy
               of
               
                 Polonia
              
               consists
               likewise
               of
               these
               three
               sorts
               ,
               
                 i.
                 e.
                 
              
               The
               King
               ,
               Nobility
               and
               People
               ;
               but
               it
               is
               to
               be
               noted
               ,
               that
               this
               word
               People
               here
               ,
               denotes
               only
               Knights
               and
               Gentlemen
               .
               The
               Union
               and
               Fellowship
               of
               these
               orders
               is
               so
               admirable
               ,
               that
               the
               King
               without
               the
               advice
               of
               his
               Council
               and
               their
               authority
               ,
               can
               do
               nothing
               ;
               nor
               can
               the
               Council
               determine
               without
               the
               King's
               approbation
               ,
               and
               the
               Peoples
               consent
               .
               In
               this
               Kingdom
               ,
               the
               Laws
               are
               of
               so
               great
               force
               ,
               that
               every
               man
               religiously
               swears
               to
               keep
               and
               observe
               them
               ;
               and
               if
               any
               person
               act
               contrary
               to
               that
               Oath
               ,
               he
               is
               accounted
               unjust
               and
               impious
               .
               Now
               that
               Oath
               by
               which
               they
               swear
               to
               be
               strict
               in
               the
               observance
               of
               their
               Laws
               and
               Liberty
               ,
               is
               in
               their
               vernacular
               language
               called
               ,
               
                 Captue
                 ;
              
               which
               is
               as
               much
               as
               
                 Tegmen
                 capitis
              
               in
               Latine
               :
               for
               ,
               as
               the
               head
               is
               kept
               in
               health
               ,
               and
               preserved
               from
               the
               injury
               of
               the
               nipping
               weather
               ,
               by
               being
               covered
               ;
               so
               by
               vertue
               of
               that
               Oath
               ,
               their
               Laws
               ,
               Lives
               ,
               and
               Liberties
               are
               conserved
               ;
               and
               to
               maintain
               
               it
               ,
               no
               man
               is
               so
               fearful
               ,
               as
               not
               to
               venture
               his
               life
               against
               Tyrants
               ,
               and
               all
               such
               as
               endeavour
               to
               cut
               the
               wings
               of
               publick
               Liberty
               and
               Happiness
               .
               This
               people
               enjoy
               great
               freedom
               ;
               being
               principled
               with
               this
               perswasion
               ,
               that
               to
               live
               according
               to
               the
               direction
               of
               the
               Law
               ,
               is
               the
               most
               absolute
               Liberty
               in
               the
               World
               .
               In
               this
               Kingdom
               ,
               the
               Prince
               follows
               not
               the
               
                 dictamen
              
               of
               his
               own
               will
               and
               fancy
               ,
               but
               sticks
               close
               to
               the
               Rule
               of
               the
               Law
               .
               In
               waging
               war
               ,
               or
               concluding
               peace
               ,
               he
               makes
               use
               of
               his
               Council
               ;
               never
               transgressing
               Law
               :
               which
               works
               this
               effect
               ,
               that
               the
               Kings
               person
               is
               not
               only
               honoured
               among
               the
               people
               ,
               but
               had
               in
               high
               reverence
               and
               estimation
               ;
               so
               that
               he
               may
               be
               said
               to
               be
               adored
               ,
               rather
               than
               obeyed
               .
               And
               who
               indeed
               is
               there
               ,
               that
               would
               not
               entirely
               love
               ,
               honour
               ,
               respect
               ,
               and
               reverence
               that
               Prince
               ,
               that
               in
               governing
               steers
               himself
               by
               the
               
                 Cynosure
              
               of
               the
               Law
               ,
               contented
               to
               be
               led
               by
               the
               Line
               of
               reason
               ,
               directing
               himself
               in
               all
               his
               undertakings
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               prudent
               and
               grave
               advice
               of
               his
               Senators
               ?
               Authority
               thus
               used
               ,
               creates
               a
               general
               love
               ,
               liking
               and
               consent
               among
               the
               Subjects
               .
               To
               conclude
               ,
               the
               King
               of
               
                 Polonia
              
               seems
               such
               a
               Prince
               ,
               as
               
                 Plato
                 ,
                 Aristotle
                 ,
                 Xenophon
                 ,
              
               and
               other
               Legislators
               have
               desired
               to
               bear
               sway
               
               in
               all
               well-regulated
               Commonweals
               and
               Kingdoms
               ,
               and
               such
               as
               both
               God
               and
               Nature
               approve
               .
               The
               Senate
               here
               bears
               the
               Image
               of
               
                 Optimacy
                 ,
              
               and
               hath
               much
               power
               and
               authority
               ;
               for
               they
               being
               chosen
               out
               of
               the
               wiser
               sort
               of
               Nobles
               ,
               they
               only
               ,
               I
               say
               ,
               consult
               with
               the
               King
               about
               State-affairs
               .
               Their
               authority
               is
               not
               unlike
               the
               
                 Homotimi
              
               of
               
                 Persia
                 ,
              
               or
               the
               
                 Ephori
              
               of
               
                 Lacedaemonia
                 .
              
               The
               Gentlemen
               of
               
                 Polonia
              
               resemble
               the
               Popular
               State
               ;
               for
               on
               them
               is
               imposed
               a
               great
               part
               of
               the
               Government
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               said
               to
               be
               as
               a
               Seminary
               from
               whence
               issue
               both
               Counsellors
               and
               Kings
               .
            
             
               The
               Empire
               of
               
                 Germany
              
               consists
               of
               the
               Emperour
               ,
               Princes
               ,
               and
               People
               ;
               which
               being
               governed
               by
               divers
               Potentates
               ,
               and
               their
               policy
               being
               scattered
               into
               sundry
               Governments
               ,
               comes
               not
               easily
               within
               the
               reach
               of
               a
               concise
               description
               .
            
             
               The
               quondam
               Kingdom
               of
               
                 Britain
                 ,
              
               now
               called
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               obeyeth
               one
               King
               ;
               who
               electeth
               Senators
               ,
               unto
               whom
               the
               residue
               of
               Nobles
               ,
               and
               some
               of
               the
               Popular
               Order
               being
               joyned
               ,
               make
               one
               Common
               Council
               ,
               which
               is
               called
               in
               our
               
                 Idiom
                 ,
              
               a
               Parliament
               .
               But
               native
               modesty
               forbids
               us
               to
               proceed
               any
               farther
               upon
               this
               subject
               ;
               whose
               
                 Encomia's
              
               we
               judge
               to
               be
               a
               Theme
               
               far
               more
               suitable
               to
               a
               forrain
               Pen
               .
            
             
               One
               difficulty
               there
               remains
               still
               ,
               the
               resolution
               whereof
               we
               have
               reserved
               for
               the
               close
               of
               this
               Chapter
               ;
               and
               that
               is
               this
               ;
               What
               a
               Citizen
               is
               ,
               which
               we
               have
               so
               much
               all
               along
               discoursed
               of
               ?
               To
               which
               we
               answer
               :
            
             
               That
               this
               word
               Citizen
               hath
               had
               several
               acceptations
               among
               Writers
               .
               Some
               have
               called
               the
               whole
               number
               of
               Inhabitants
               by
               the
               name
               of
               Citizens
               .
               Others
               ,
               only
               those
               that
               are
               descended
               of
               Noble
               and
               free-born
               Citizens
               .
               Some
               call
               them
               Citizens
               whose
               Fathers
               were
               free-born
               within
               the
               City
               ;
               Others
               would
               have
               them
               to
               fetch
               their
               Pedigree
               more
               remote
               ,
               from
               their
               ancient
               Grandfathers
               .
               And
               some
               are
               of
               opinion
               ,
               that
               forrainers
               received
               into
               the
               Society
               of
               Citizens
               ,
               and
               naturalized
               ,
               or
               Denizen'd
               ,
               deserve
               the
               name
               of
               Citizens
               .
               
                 Aristotle
              
               terms
               them
               Citizens
               ,
               that
               are
               capable
               of
               publick
               Offices
               in
               State
               ,
               and
               are
               descended
               of
               free
               and
               honest
               Parentage
               .
               In
               popular
               States
               ,
               all
               they
               are
               usually
               called
               Citizens
               that
               dwell
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               as
               well
               Poor
               ,
               as
               Rich
               ;
               Bad
               ,
               as
               Good
               ;
               none
               being
               Bond-men
               ;
               for
               every
               one
               is
               capable
               of
               Government
               ,
               because
               there
               is
               an
               universal
               parity
               among
               them
               .
               Of
               this
               nature
               was
               the
               
               Athenian
               Commonwealth
               (
               before
               spoken
               of
               )
               so
               long
               as
               it
               was
               subject
               to
               Popular
               Government
               ;
               and
               the
               Cantons
               of
               Switzerland
               steer
               the
               same
               course
               even
               to
               this
               very
               Day
               .
               And
               divers
               Cities
               in
               
                 Germany
              
               there
               are
               ,
               called
               free
               ;
               where
               the
               Inhabitants
               live
               popularly
               ,
               secluded
               from
               Gentlemen
               ,
               and
               noble
               Citizens
               .
               In
               an
               Oligarchy
               ,
               because
               men
               are
               most
               respected
               for
               their
               revenues
               and
               substance
               ,
               they
               that
               are
               most
               rich
               are
               reputed
               Citizens
               ,
               though
               they
               are
               dishonourable
               ,
               because
               careless
               of
               all
               vertue
               ;
               and
               make
               it
               their
               whole
               study
               to
               be
               rich
               
                 Quo
                 jure
                 ,
                 quaque
                 injuria
                 ,
              
               by
               hook
               or
               by
               crook
               (
               as
               we
               say
               )
               right
               or
               wrong
               ,
               no
               matter
               which
               way
               they
               obtain
               it
               ;
               to
               the
               end
               that
               they
               may
               come
               to
               dignity
               and
               preferment
               ,
               not
               as
               wise
               and
               vertuous
               ,
               but
               as
               rich
               and
               wealthy
               persons
               .
            
             
               Among
               the
               Romans
               ,
               there
               were
               several
               sorts
               of
               Citizens
               ;
               Some
               were
               called
               
                 Municipes
                 ,
              
               some
               
                 Coloni
                 ,
              
               and
               others
               
                 Latini
                 ;
              
               every
               one
               of
               them
               retaining
               those
               conditions
               that
               were
               allotted
               them
               by
               the
               people
               of
               
                 Rome
                 .
              
               Some
               whereof
               were
               free
               ,
               some
               Confederate
               ,
               and
               some
               Stipendiary
               .
               Some
               were
               created
               Citizens
               
                 pleno
                 jure
                 ,
              
               which
               was
               by
               voice
               ;
               and
               they
               were
               thought
               worthy
               of
               all
               honours
               ;
               Others
               ,
               
                 Jure
                 honorario
                 ,
              
               
               which
               were
               of
               the
               number
               of
               those
               that
               were
               admitted
               into
               the
               the
               City
               without
               the
               suffrage
               of
               the
               people
               ;
               and
               they
               were
               
                 honoris
                 gratia
              
               called
               Citizens
               ,
               as
               the
               
                 Campani
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Equites
                 .
              
               He
               likewise
               was
               counted
               a
               Citizen
               of
               
                 Rome
                 ,
              
               whose
               name
               was
               written
               in
               the
               Book
               of
               the
               Censors
               ,
               and
               was
               an
               House-keeper
               .
               By
               all
               which
               it
               is
               perspicuous
               and
               evident
               ,
               that
               in
               all
               Republicks
               they
               were
               properly
               called
               Citizens
               that
               could
               plead
               a
               right
               to
               Office
               ,
               and
               could
               give
               suffrage
               in
               the
               State
               ;
               whereas
               he
               that
               wants
               these
               priviledges
               ,
               is
               rather
               to
               be
               called
               Inhabitant
               ,
               or
               Client
               ,
               than
               Citizen
               .
               In
               Monarchies
               and
               Aristocracies
               those
               are
               Citizens
               that
               are
               vertuous
               .
               In
               the
               latter
               ,
               good
               and
               vertuous
               men
               only
               govern
               ;
               in
               the
               former
               ,
               one
               alone
               ,
               that
               for
               Bounty
               ,
               Liberality
               ,
               and
               Magnificency
               excels
               all
               others
               .
               Those
               people
               which
               are
               naturally
               Slaves
               ,
               or
               wickedly
               debauched
               ,
               do
               for
               the
               most
               part
               obey
               Tyrants
               ,
               and
               that
               Government
               is
               called
               
                 Imperium
                 despoticum
                 :
              
               Yet
               are
               not
               all
               they
               to
               be
               judged
               Slaves
               ,
               that
               are
               encumbred
               with
               the
               power
               and
               oppression
               of
               Tyrants
               ,
               if
               they
               be
               not
               withall
               base
               minded
               and
               vicious
               .
               For
               we
               read
               of
               many
               Citizens
               that
               have
               freed
               themselves
               and
               their
               Country
               from
               servitude
               ,
               by
               slaying
               or
               expelling
               
               the
               Tyrants
               ;
               and
               if
               they
               found
               their
               expectations
               were
               herein
               frustrated
               ,
               they
               chose
               rather
               to
               lose
               their
               lives
               than
               their
               Liberty
               ,
               as
               
                 Brutus
              
               and
               
                 Cato
              
               did
               ,
               with
               many
               other
               Romans
               .
               Thus
               we
               have
               given
               the
               description
               and
               division
               of
               the
               ancient
               States
               Popular
               ,
               Republicks
               and
               Kingdoms
               ;
               in
               the
               next
               Chapter
               we
               shall
               demonstrate
               the
               new
               models
               of
               Government
               set
               up
               by
               the
               rebellious
               since
               the
               late
               unhappy
               wars
               between
               King
               and
               Parliament
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               
            
             
               The
               new-fangled
               Model
               of
               Modern
               Policy
               ,
               being
               of
               three
               sorts
               ;
               a
               Protectordom
               ,
               a
               Committeedom
               ,
               and
               a
               Rumpdom
               ;
               and
               first
               ,
               of
               the
               Protectordom
               .
            
             
               AS
               for
               that
               hellish
               monster
               ,
               that
               damnable
               Machiavilian
               that
               first
               gave
               rise
               to
               this
               same
               strange
               and
               unheard
               of
               Government
               ;
               we
               shall
               say
               nothing
               tending
               either
               to
               his
               Parentage
               ,
               Birth
               ,
               or
               Education
               ,
               because
               we
               have
               reserved
               that
               as
               a
               subject
               for
               another
               entire
               peece
               ;
               only
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               be
               said
               to
               be
               a
               man
               of
               blouds
               ,
               in
               the
               plural
               number
               ,
               as
               
                 Zipporah
              
               said
               to
               her
               Husband
               
               
                 Moses
                 :
              
               Who
               butcher-like
               made
               cruelty
               his
               profession
               ,
               and
               was
               never
               better
               than
               when
               he
               had
               his
               Sword
               sheathed
               in
               his
               Country-mens
               bowels
               ;
               so
               that
               we
               may
               affirm
               ,
               what
               succeeding
               Ages
               will
               unquestionably
               maintain
               :
               
                 
                   —
                   Dicat
                   de
                   Tygride
                   natum
                
                 
                   Posteritas
                   —
                
              
               An
               audacious
               Rebel
               ,
               that
               durst
               aspire
               from
               the
               mean
               condition
               of
               a
               private
               person
               ,
               to
               the
               Throne
               ,
               though
               he
               first
               wash'd
               his
               hands
               in
               the
               bloud
               of
               his
               Soveraign
               !
               He
               represented
               the
               real
               Tragedy
               of
               a
               King
               and
               no
               King
               ;
               whose
               mouth
               water'd
               after
               that
               Title
               ,
               but
               that
               he
               durst
               not
               assume
               it
               ,
               being
               he
               had
               fought
               so
               long
               against
               it
               ,
               and
               was
               sworn
               to
               the
               deposition
               of
               all
               Kingship
               for
               the
               future
               .
            
             
               He
               ,
               to
               raise
               himself
               on
               the
               top
               of
               the
               Pyramid
               of
               honour
               ,
               trampled
               over
               the
               heads
               of
               the
               most
               Loyal
               Subjects
               of
               the
               Realm
               ;
               made
               a
               foot-ball
               of
               a
               Crown
               ,
               and
               endeavoured
               utterly
               to
               extirpate
               the
               Royal
               Progeny
               ,
               Root
               and
               Kind
               ,
               Stem
               and
               Stock
               :
               Nay
               ,
               I
               will
               be
               bold
               to
               say
               ,
               if
               that
               an
               innocent
               Babe
               had
               been
               born
               with
               
                 Vive
                 le
                 Roy
              
               in
               his
               mouth
               ,
               he
               must
               have
               been
               food
               for
               his
               
               Sword
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               the
               first-born
               were
               for
               
                 Herods
                 .
              
               It
               is
               credibly
               reported
               ,
               that
               
                 Hugh
                 Peters
                 ,
              
               that
               spiritual
               Dragooner
               ,
               and
               
                 Nol
                 ,
              
               hatch'd
               this
               Government
               as
               they
               were
               walking
               together
               in
               a
               field
               :
               a
               brace
               of
               pious
               Devils
               !
               They
               would
               carry
               the
               outward
               shew
               of
               sanctity
               ,
               whenas
               all
               their
               actions
               proclaim'd
               them
               diabolical
               .
               There
               was
               never
               so
               furious
               an
               Incendiary
               ,
               as
               this
               pious
               Pulpit-cuffer
               ;
               nor
               no
               
                 Machiavel
              
               more
               apt
               to
               receive
               the
               impression
               of
               infernal
               Counsel
               ,
               who
               would
               sacrifice
               both
               soul
               and
               body
               to
               accomplish
               his
               own
               ends
               ,
               or
               promote
               his
               self-interest
               .
               The
               whole
               Nation
               was
               enchained
               in
               a
               more
               than
               Aegyptian
               Bondage
               ;
               who
               were
               compelled
               to
               submit
               to
               this
               Tyrant
               
                 Nol
                 ,
              
               or
               be
               cut
               off
               by
               him
               ;
               nothing
               but
               a
               word
               and
               a
               blow
               ,
               his
               will
               was
               his
               Law
               ;
               tell
               him
               of
               
                 Magna
                 Charta
                 ,
              
               he
               would
               lay
               his
               hand
               on
               his
               sword
               ,
               and
               cry
               
                 Magna
                 Farta
                 :
              
               No
               Liberty
               was
               granted
               to
               the
               Subject
               ,
               unless
               it
               were
               that
               of
               Conscience
               ;
               and
               that
               too
               was
               denied
               the
               more
               Orthodox
               and
               Loyal
               Party
               .
               The
               People
               were
               rob'd
               of
               all
               Laws
               ,
               Rights
               and
               Priviledges
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               of
               their
               Lives
               ;
               whilst
               he
               ,
               like
               a
               Tyrant
               ,
               insulted
               with
               a
               
                 Quis
                 contradicet
                 ?
              
               The
               Citizens
               were
               so
               fleeced
               and
               pilled
               ,
               that
               had
               this
               
               inhumane
               barbarous
               wretch
               continued
               much
               longer
               ,
               he
               had
               sent
               
                 London
              
               into
               the
               Country
               a
               begging
               .
               To
               say
               
                 God
                 save
                 the
                 King
                 ,
              
               was
               a
               crime
               as
               black
               as
               any
               forbidden
               in
               the
               
                 Decalogue
                 :
              
               but
               so
               long
               as
               that
               was
               prohibited
               publikely
               and
               privately
               ,
               it
               was
               in
               vain
               to
               cry
               out
               ,
               
                 God
                 speed
                 the
                 Plough
                 ,
              
               or
               expect
               any
               blessing
               from
               the
               superiour
               power
               .
               His
               infernal
               plots
               and
               machinations
               had
               wrought
               the
               utter
               ruine
               and
               desolation
               of
               the
               Country
               ,
               had
               not
               Providence
               divine
               cut
               him
               off
               ,
               to
               the
               general
               benefit
               and
               rejoycing
               of
               the
               Nation
               .
               English
               ground
               groaned
               with
               the
               burthen
               of
               this
               inhumane
               Tyrant
               .
               It
               was
               not
               enough
               that
               the
               English
               should
               be
               scourged
               ,
               but
               the
               whip
               must
               lye
               before
               them
               ;
               it
               was
               not
               sufficient
               that
               he
               should
               be
               the
               Author
               of
               all
               their
               woes
               while
               living
               ,
               but
               they
               must
               live
               subject
               to
               his
               Tyranny
               and
               oppression
               ;
               and
               like
               so
               many
               mutes
               ,
               condescend
               to
               all
               his
               actions
               by
               silence
               ,
               not
               daring
               to
               mention
               the
               least
               dislike
               ,
               though
               it
               thwarted
               their
               disposition
               never
               so
               much
               .
               He
               was
               a
               rod
               of
               their
               own
               making
               ,
               and
               they
               were
               content
               to
               untruss
               whilest
               he
               whipt
               them
               .
               In
               vain
               it
               was
               for
               the
               most
               accurate
               wit
               to
               plead
               Reason
               or
               Law
               against
               the
               Sword
               :
               the
               Tongue
               is
               too
               weak
               a
               weapon
               for
               the
               
               Dagger
               .
               During
               the
               usurpation
               of
               this
               same
               hellish
               Tyrant
               ,
               what
               a
               Chaos
               of
               confusion
               bespread
               the
               face
               of
               the
               whole
               Nation
               ?
               How
               was
               all
               the
               Land
               benegroed
               with
               more
               than
               the
               Egyptian
               darkness
               of
               persecution
               ?
               The
               whole
               Country
               was
               enveloped
               in
               clouds
               ,
               and
               ruine
               hung
               over
               the
               heads
               of
               the
               people
               ,
               by
               as
               slender
               a
               thread
               ,
               as
               the
               Sword
               over
               the
               head
               of
               
                 Damocles
              
               at
               the
               Banquet
               .
               The
               whole
               Land
               was
               entombed
               in
               despair
               ,
               and
               little
               or
               no
               hope
               of
               a
               resurrection
               ,
               till
               a
               divine
               hand
               wrought
               it
               by
               his
               long-expected
               death
               :
               and
               it
               is
               the
               Cordial
               wish
               and
               hearty
               desire
               of
               the
               loyal
               Pen-man
               ,
               that
               all
               his
               Majesties
               and
               the
               Kingdoms
               enemies
               were
               as
               stately
               interred
               as
               he
               was
               .
               Had
               he
               deserved
               an
               Epitaph
               ,
               we
               would
               have
               stretch'd
               hard
               but
               our
               brain
               should
               have
               furnished
               him
               with
               one
               ;
               but
               since
               he
               was
               so
               unworthy
               ,
               we
               hold
               it
               as
               great
               a
               disparagement
               to
               our
               quill
               to
               bestow
               a
               Copy
               of
               Verses
               on
               him
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               a
               grief
               and
               trouble
               to
               the
               Loyal
               Party
               of
               the
               Nation
               .
               And
               indeed
               ,
               how
               can
               any
               Son
               of
               
                 Phoebus
              
               employ
               his
               time
               so
               ill
               ,
               as
               to
               salute
               his
               dead
               corpse
               with
               an
               Epitaph
               ,
               that
               was
               so
               great
               an
               enemy
               to
               them
               when
               living
               ;
               Who
               had
               a
               real
               design
               to
               extirpate
               all
               literature
               ,
               and
               implunge
               us
               into
               as
               deep
               a
               
               gulph
               of
               ignorance
               and
               profaneness
               as
               the
               Turk
               is
               cast
               into
               ?
               he
               hated
               all
               Learning
               ,
               and
               the
               Learned
               ,
               because
               his
               crimes
               were
               so
               black
               and
               horrid
               that
               they
               went
               far
               beyond
               the
               mercy
               of
               the
               Book
               .
               He
               granted
               a
               toleration
               for
               all
               Religions
               ,
               because
               his
               own
               was
               to
               choose
               ;
               and
               that
               he
               might
               not
               offend
               the
               tender
               Consciences
               of
               his
               pretended
               Zealots
               and
               Favourites
               ,
               who
               were
               true
               Vassals
               to
               the
               Lust
               and
               Villany
               of
               such
               an
               imperious
               Usurper
               .
               Honesty
               was
               so
               much
               out
               of
               fashion
               ,
               that
               he
               that
               was
               vertuous
               was
               a
               Malefactor
               ,
               and
               deserved
               death
               ;
               for
               Knavery
               was
               
                 à
                 la
                 mode
                 ;
              
               and
               you
               know
               the
               old
               Saying
               ,
               
                 It
                 is
                 as
                 good
                 to
                 be
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 as
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Fashion
                 .
              
               An
               honest
               loyall
               Subject
               was
               as
               much
               hooted
               and
               pointed
               at
               ,
               and
               judged
               as
               ridiculous
               an
               Object
               ,
               as
               a
               Spanish
               
                 Don
              
               in
               his
               Country
               Garb
               at
               
                 Paris
                 .
              
               An
               honest
               man
               was
               as
               strange
               a
               sight
               in
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               as
               a
               Horse
               in
               
                 Venice
                 ,
              
               or
               a
               Beggar
               in
               
                 Holland
                 ;
              
               and
               he
               was
               as
               like
               to
               be
               preferred
               to
               his
               favour
               ,
               as
               a
               Spurrier
               was
               to
               Queen
               
                 Elizabeth
                 .
              
               But
               since
               he
               is
               in
               his
               grave
               ▪
               we
               will
               not
               rake
               up
               his
               ashes
               any
               farthe●…
               if
               he
               can
               find
               any
               rest
               there
               now
               dead
               ,
               who
               living
               I
               am
               sure
               had
               little
               or
               none
               in
               his
               conscience
               ;
               (
               for
               he
               ever
               carried
               a
               civil
               War
               in
               his
               breast
               ,
               of
               fears
               ,
               suspicions
               and
               
               jealousies
               )
               he
               shall
               lie
               secure
               ;
               for
               we
               intend
               to
               disturb
               him
               no
               farther
               .
            
             
               After
               the
               death
               of
               this
               British
               Idoll
               ,
               
                 Richard
              
               the
               fourth
               his
               Son
               peep'd
               out
               ;
               who
               had
               no
               fault
               so
               great
               ,
               as
               that
               he
               had
               him
               to
               his
               Father
               ;
               for
               it
               was
               generally
               believed
               ,
               he
               would
               be
               but
               Tenant
               to
               the
               Right
               Landlord
               ,
               or
               the
               
                 Stuarts
              
               Steward
               ,
               to
               set
               all
               things
               in
               order
               till
               he
               was
               restored
               .
               But
               alas
               !
               he
               prov'd
               but
               a
               fortnights
               wonder
               ;
               no
               sooner
               up
               ,
               but
               down
               ;
               his
               deposition
               (
               if
               we
               may
               credit
               report
               )
               was
               the
               womanish
               plot
               of
               weeping
               
                 Fleetwoods
              
               Lady
               ;
               who
               stomach'd
               it
               that
               his
               preferment
               should
               be
               greater
               than
               her
               Husbands
               ,
               though
               it
               proved
               to
               little
               purpose
               :
               &
               indeed
               ,
               it
               is
               seldom
               known
               that
               female
               counsel
               ever
               arrives
               to
               any
               better
               success
               ;
               nor
               is
               there
               any
               reason
               that
               the
               Distaff
               should
               be
               a
               companion
               for
               the
               Scepter
               .
               A
               Kitchin
               was
               a
               great
               deal
               more
               fit
               for
               her
               than
               a
               Throne
               ,
               though
               she
               had
               ambition
               enough
               to
               perswade
               her self
               that
               she
               deserved
               the
               name
               of
               a
               Princess
               .
            
             
               Yet
               had
               
                 Richard
              
               been
               heir
               of
               his
               Fathers
               parts
               (
               though
               it
               was
               well
               he
               was
               not
               )
               he
               would
               soon
               have
               frustrated
               all
               their
               designs
               ,
               and
               come
               to
               as
               much
               height
               and
               greatness
               :
               But
               he
               had
               not
               enough
               of
               the
               Rogue
               in
               his
               Composition
               ,
               to
               make
               up
               a
               
               damned
               Politician
               .
               He
               was
               fitter
               to
               bear
               a
               Hawk
               on
               his
               Fist
               ,
               than
               to
               hold
               a
               Scepter
               in
               his
               hand
               .
               A
               sedentary
               ,
               retired
               ,
               Country-life
               ,
               was
               far
               more
               suitable
               to
               his
               temper
               and
               disposition
               ,
               than
               a
               tumultuous
               City-life
               .
               He
               was
               altogether
               ignorant
               in
               that
               so
               much
               practised
               profession
               of
               piecing
               the
               Lion
               with
               the
               Foxes
               tail
               ;
               which
               no
               doubt
               he
               might
               have
               done
               ,
               had
               he
               been
               as
               well
               read
               in
               
                 Machiavil
              
               as
               his
               Sire
               was
               .
               He
               was
               not
               much
               read
               in
               Politicks
               ,
               as
               appears
               by
               the
               small
               term
               of
               time
               that
               was
               allotted
               him
               to
               play
               the
               Protector
               .
               But
               no
               matter
               ,
               it
               was
               well
               it
               fell
               out
               so
               :
               he
               is
               like
               to
               fare
               the
               better
               for
               it
               ,
               in
               the
               judgement
               of
               the
               most
               censorious
               .
               Besides
               ,
               it
               was
               what
               suited
               with
               his
               phancy
               (
               according
               to
               relation
               )
               better
               than
               all
               the
               usurped
               power
               and
               authority
               of
               his
               Predecessor
               .
               
                 Exit
              
               Protector
               ,
               he
               was
               but
               like
               a
               Pageant
               ,
               a
               King
               in
               a
               Play
               ;
               he
               only
               appears
               upon
               the
               Stage
               ,
               makes
               a
               leg
               ,
               and
               takes
               his
               leave
               of
               you
               :
               but
               what
               comes
               next
               ?
               The
               State-Grotescoes
               will
               soon
               resolve
               you
               ,
               the
               business
               is
               already
               hatch'd
               ;
               room
               for
               a
               Committteedom
               ,
               which
               being
               the
               second
               branch
               of
               this
               tripartite
               Anarchy
               ,
               challenges
               a
               place
               in
               the
               fifth
               Chapter
               .
            
          
           
           
             
               CHAP.
               V.
               
            
             
               Of
               a
               Committeedom
               .
            
             
               WHen
               
                 Richard
              
               (
               as
               the
               Major
               part
               of
               the
               Gentry
               do
               )
               had
               retired
               himself
               to
               his
               Country-house
               for
               a
               mouth-full
               of
               fresh
               Air
               ,
               there
               starts
               up
               another
               kind
               of
               Government
               ,
               hatch'd
               by
               a
               Committee
               of
               Safety
               ;
               (
               of
               slavery
               ,
               they
               meant
               )
               who
               were
               a
               rude
               rabble
               of
               Factious
               ,
               Illiterate
               ,
               Phanatick
               ,
               Disloyal
               Rebels
               ;
               a
               knot
               of
               
                 Knipperdolings
                 ;
              
               of
               the
               same
               stamp
               with
               that
               German
               Botcher
               ,
               
                 Jack-a-Leyden
                 :
              
               the
               very
               
                 merdaille
              
               and
               excrementitious
               off-scouring
               of
               the
               Nation
               :
               during
               which
               time
               we
               might
               be
               said
               to
               be
               the
               true
               
                 Antipodes
                 ;
              
               for
               the
               Shooe
               was
               placed
               above
               the
               Head
               :
               and
               the
               Nation
               troubled
               with
               such
               a
               State-Apoplexy
               ,
               or
               Political
               Meagrim
               ,
               that
               it
               would
               soon
               have
               reel'd
               to
               its
               destruction
               (
               being
               drunk
               with
               Rebellion
               )
               had
               not
               the
               Heavens
               made
               a
               restautation
               of
               our
               pristine
               Laws
               and
               ancient
               Liberty
               ,
               by
               the
               re-establishment
               of
               our
               most
               gracious
               Soveraign
               ,
               
                 Charles
              
               the
               Second
               .
               Thus
               did
               they
               wheel
               about
               the
               Circumference
               of
               Government
               ,
               
               till
               they
               hit
               upon
               the
               Center
               ,
               
                 viz.
              
               Monarchy
               .
               How
               like
               a
               senseless
               body
               did
               the
               Nation
               lie
               ,
               during
               this
               strange
               unheard-of
               Government
               ?
               Nor
               was
               it
               a
               wonder
               ;
               for
               how
               can
               the
               Members
               live
               without
               their
               Head
               ?
               Miserable
               and
               despicable
               was
               the
               condition
               of
               the
               Natives
               ,
               so
               that
               they
               became
               ridiculous
               to
               their
               Neighbours
               ;
               Law
               lay
               bleeding
               ,
               and
               Justice
               run
               quite
               contrary
               to
               her
               Institution
               .
               Learning
               was
               of
               so
               small
               esteem
               and
               account
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               thought
               an
               incumbrance
               and
               prejudice
               to
               him
               that
               could
               boast
               of
               it
               .
               Divinity
               was
               quite
               out
               of
               date
               ;
               Churches
               were
               pulled
               down
               for
               Edification
               ;
               To
               rob
               Cathedrals
               sacrilegiously
               ,
               was
               Piety
               ;
               The
               Temple
               was
               converted
               into
               a
               Stable
               ;
               so
               that
               it
               might
               well
               be
               said
               ,
               that
               Horse
               and
               Man
               serv'd
               God
               alike
               .
               The
               Pulpits
               were
               hung
               with
               blew
               Aprons
               ,
               and
               
                 Cheapside
              
               produced
               better
               Preachers
               than
               
                 Cambridge
                 .
              
               No
               Order
               nor
               
                 Decorum
              
               in
               Gods
               house
               ,
               but
               all
               things
               sluttishly
               handled
               ;
               as
               if
               the
               Queen
               of
               Sciences
               ,
               Divinity
               ,
               must
               be
               cloathed
               in
               filthy
               rags
               .
               As
               if
               the
               Father
               of
               Languages
               understood
               no
               Language
               but
               English
               ,
               the
               Latine
               and
               Greek
               Fathers
               must
               not
               be
               quoted
               ,
               but
               were
               almost
               come
               to
               the
               Chandlers
               shops
               to
               make
               waste
               Paper
               .
               
               No
               Prayer
               but
               what
               was
               by
               the
               Spirit
               :
               Bold
               audacious
               Villains
               ,
               that
               dare
               ascend
               the
               Pulpit
               ,
               and
               there
               talk
               with
               God
               
                 ex
                 tempore
                 .
              
               And
               indeed
               ,
               most
               of
               these
               Spirit-mongers
               made
               moving
               Sermons
               :
               for
               not
               a
               man
               of
               understanding
               in
               the
               Church
               ,
               but
               would
               go
               out
               before
               they
               had
               done
               .
               The
               Orthodox
               Clergy
               were
               dis-respected
               ,
               calumniated
               ,
               reviled
               ,
               imprisoned
               ,
               and
               executed
               ,
               what
               not
               ?
               But
               why
               ,
               or
               wherefore
               ,
               no
               one
               knew
               :
               as
               squeamish
               as
               these
               Sectaries
               seemed
               to
               be
               ,
               they
               could
               swallow
               down
               fat
               Benefices
               ,
               and
               never
               disgorge
               them
               .
               The
               Steeple-Houses
               must
               down
               ,
               they
               were
               superstitious
               businesses
               ;
               They
               say
               ,
               their
               tender
               ,
               I
               say
               ,
               their
               large
               Consciences
               prompted
               them
               to
               these
               sacrilegious
               actions
               ;
               and
               all
               for
               the
               promoting
               of
               their
               own
               filthy
               lucre
               and
               self-interest
               ;
               which
               made
               them
               convert
               those
               Church-Utensils
               that
               were
               consecrated
               to
               Sacred
               uses
               ,
               to
               their
               own
               benefit
               and
               profit
               .
               These
               foul
               fiends
               haunted
               sacred
               grounds
               most
               ,
               not
               out
               of
               devotion
               ,
               but
               gain
               ;
               Thus
               was
               it
               their
               dayly
               practice
               to
               learn
               to
               leap
               over
               Steeples
               :
               and
               whereas
               we
               used
               to
               say
               ,
               
                 Lord
                 encrease
                 our
                 Faith
                 ;
              
               we
               might
               then
               heartily
               cry
               out
               and
               say
               ,
               
                 Lord
                 decrease
                 our
                 Faiths
                 ;
              
               for
               we
               had
               then
               so
               many
               among
               us
               ,
               that
               if
               a
               Jew
               or
               Pagan
               had
               come
               
               to
               be
               converted
               among
               us
               ,
               he
               would
               have
               found
               as
               much
               difference
               in
               the
               outward
               ceremony
               and
               preaching
               of
               the
               Word
               ,
               as
               there
               is
               between
               our
               Tenets
               and
               theirs
               :
               Outward
               shew
               and
               ostentation
               had
               almost
               worm'd
               out
               the
               Substance
               of
               Religion
               .
               But
               this
               Cockatrice
               (
               thanks
               to
               Heaven
               )
               was
               crusht
               in
               the
               Shell
               ;
               this
               prodigious
               birth
               prov'd
               abortive
               ,
               almost
               as
               soon
               confounded
               as
               conceived
               .
               Had
               we
               suffered
               those
               Birds
               of
               prey
               to
               have
               been
               fledge
               (
               for
               they
               were
               but
               pin-feathered
               )
               it
               might
               have
               been
               said
               in
               our
               Proverb
               ,
               that
               
                 we
                 brought
                 up
                 Birds
                 to
                 pick
                 out
                 our
                 own
                 eyes
                 .
              
               But
               they
               were
               all
               soon
               got
               by
               Lowbelling
               ;
               these
               silly
               Wood-cocks
               were
               ensnared
               in
               a
               Gin
               laid
               by
               the
               Royal
               Party
               .
               Well
               may
               
                 Albion
              
               acknowledge
               St
               
                 George
              
               her
               Patron
               ,
               since
               we
               have
               a
               Trinity
               of
               them
               to
               protect
               us
               ;
               one
               St
               
                 George
                 ,
              
               and
               a
               brace
               of
               Sir
               
                 Georges
                 .
              
               This
               Committee-Conventicle
               of
               
                 Cacodaemons
              
               was
               soon
               crackt
               and
               dissolved
               ;
               which
               hapned
               very
               successfully
               ,
               for
               else
               the
               whole
               Nation
               had
               soon
               come
               to
               its
               dissolution
               .
               If
               ever
               there
               was
               a
               Tower
               of
               
                 Babel
                 ,
              
               sure
               it
               was
               here
               then
               ;
               for
               what
               could
               be
               said
               of
               
                 England
              
               more
               justly
               ,
               than
               that
               it
               was
               a
               Land
               of
               Confusion
               ?
               Now
               the
               Anabaptists
               strutted
               it
               
                 en
                 cuerpo
                 ;
              
               they
               domineered
               as
               if
               they
               had
               been
               sole
               
               Masters
               of
               the
               Universe
               :
               And
               had
               liberty
               to
               broach
               their
               damnable
               and
               erroneous
               opinions
               in
               all
               places
               without
               controule
               :
               
                 Six
                 days
                 shalt
                 thou
                 labour
                 ,
              
               that
               part
               of
               the
               Commandment
               they
               allowed
               ;
               and
               
                 the
                 seventh
                 thou
                 shalt
                 teach
                 ,
              
               that
               was
               their
               own
               addition
               ;
               at
               work
               all
               the
               week
               ,
               and
               a
               preaching
               on
               Sundaies
               .
               Surely
               the
               leaven
               of
               these
               Pharisees
               must
               be
               very
               strong
               ,
               that
               can
               work
               a
               Cobler
               out
               of
               the
               Stall
               into
               the
               Pulpit
               ;
               where
               you
               might
               see
               him
               thumb
               the
               Bible
               with
               his
               massey
               fist
               ,
               and
               begins
               to
               pitch
               on
               a
               portion
               of
               Scripture
               ,
               though
               he
               begin
               at
               the
               wrong
               end
               of
               the
               Book
               ;
               and
               then
               like
               a
               Fugitive
               ,
               runs
               away
               from
               the
               Text
               (
               and
               how
               can
               he
               do
               otherwise
               ?
               for
               he
               is
               beside
               the
               Last
               .
               )
               
                 Ne
                 sutor
                 ultra
                 creptdam
                 ,
              
               was
               an
               ancient
               Proverb
               ;
               but
               they
               neglected
               all
               antiquity
               so
               much
               ,
               that
               they
               pulled
               down
               all
               Churches
               whose
               outside
               pronounced
               them
               ancient
               ,
               and
               crept
               in
               holes
               and
               corners
               ;
               which
               is
               enough
               to
               evince
               that
               they
               can
               never
               be
               registred
               
                 inter
                 Angelos
                 ,
              
               who
               were
               found
               so
               often
               
                 in
                 Angulis
                 :
              
               but
               their
               deeds
               of
               darkness
               required
               such
               dark
               corners
               ,
               who
               if
               they
               had
               appeared
               in
               the
               Light
               ,
               had
               soon
               manifested
               their
               imbecility
               and
               villany
               :
               But
               now
               we
               may
               in
               the
               Juglers
               Dialect
               say
               ,
               
                 Presto
                 !
                 Jack
              
               
               
                 Lambert
              
               and
               his
               Legion
               of
               Hobgoblins
               are
               vanished
               ;
               
                 Ingoldsby
              
               routed
               his
               Forces
               ,
               and
               secured
               his
               Person
               ;
               where
               now
               in
               the
               Tower
               he
               hath
               so
               much
               liberty
               (
               though
               confined
               )
               as
               to
               sing
               a
               
                 Palinode
              
               for
               his
               fore-past
               misdemeanors
               ,
               if
               he
               have
               but
               the
               grace
               to
               do
               so
               :
               his
               hellish
               crew
               may
               wait
               for
               his
               deliverance
               by
               an
               Angel
               ,
               as
               long
               as
               the
               Turks
               did
               for
               the
               Resurrection
               of
               their
               
                 Mahomet
                 ,
              
               and
               find
               themselves
               at
               length
               miserably
               deluded
               .
               All
               which
               may
               afford
               them
               matter
               of
               repentance
               ,
               if
               they
               have
               but
               the
               knowledge
               to
               make
               a
               spiritual
               improvement
               of
               so
               gracious
               an
               opportunity
               .
               But
               as
               their
               reign
               was
               short
               and
               of
               small
               continuance
               ,
               so
               will
               we
               be
               ,
               suiting
               the
               discourse
               to
               the
               matter
               discoursed
               on
               ,
               and
               come
               to
               the
               third
               sort
               of
               this
               new-fangled
               Government
               ,
               which
               will
               take
               up
               the
               last
               Chapter
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VI
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Rumpdom
               .
            
             
               THe
               Subject
               of
               this
               discourse
               being
               concerning
               the
               Rump
               ,
               we
               thought
               fit
               to
               place
               it
               in
               the
               Buttock
               of
               our
               Book
               ,
               that
               
               so
               we
               may
               come
               to
               an
               end
               by
               discoursing
               of
               an
               End
               ,
               a
               Fag-end
               of
               Parliament
               ,
               the
               Rump
               .
               It
               is
               credibly
               reported
               ,
               that
               noble
               
                 Brown
              
               was
               their
               Godfather
               ,
               and
               bestowed
               this
               name
               upon
               these
               Arse-worms
               ;
               which
               proves
               him
               to
               be
               as
               good
               a
               
                 Nomenclator
              
               as
               
                 Adam
                 ,
              
               who
               gave
               names
               according
               to
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               Beasts
               that
               came
               before
               him
               ;
               and
               so
               did
               he
               ;
               which
               was
               ,
               and
               will
               continue
               to
               be
               a
               brand
               upon
               them
               (
               notwithstanding
               the
               Vote
               that
               past
               in
               the
               House
               for
               a
               fifty
               pound
               forfeiture
               on
               every
               person
               that
               should
               call
               them
               by
               that
               name
               )
               and
               their
               posterity
               ,
               so
               long
               as
               the
               Sun
               and
               Moon
               endures
               .
               Had
               he
               searched
               all
               the
               Dictionaries
               that
               ever
               were
               extant
               ,
               he
               could
               never
               have
               found
               out
               a
               term
               more
               suitable
               for
               them
               .
               Had
               these
               beasts
               been
               to
               enter
               the
               Ark
               ,
               it
               would
               have
               puzzled
               
                 Noah
              
               himself
               to
               have
               suited
               them
               into
               pairs
               .
            
             
               This
               Rump
               was
               made
               up
               of
               a
               Rabble
               of
               rude
               ,
               illiterate
               ,
               rebellious
               fellows
               ;
               a
               heap
               or
               cluster
               of
               Mechanicks
               ;
               that
               intended
               to
               reduce
               the
               Nation
               to
               as
               much
               slavery
               and
               servility
               ,
               as
               they
               themselves
               were
               born
               to
               .
               And
               first
               of
               all
               ,
               let
               us
               nip
               
                 Hesilrig
                 ;
              
               that
               wide-mouth'd
               fellow
               ,
               that
               could
               swallow
               down
               Church
               and
               Bishops
               Lands
               without
               any
               scruple
               or
               conscience
               :
               so
               furious
               a
               Villain
               ,
               
               that
               he
               was
               able
               to
               set
               a
               whole
               Kingdom
               in
               combustion
               :
               One
               ,
               that
               would
               have
               made
               a
               Bonefire
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               so
               that
               he
               might
               but
               have
               warm'd
               his
               hands
               thereby
               ,
               rather
               than
               fail
               .
               So
               horrible
               a
               Mammonist
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               resolved
               to
               cram
               his
               Coffers
               ,
               though
               he
               starved
               his
               Conscience
               :
               so
               that
               
                 Lord
                 have
                 mercy
                 upon
                 rich
                 Sir
                 A.
                 Hesilrig
                 a
                 sinner
                 ,
              
               might
               have
               been
               the
               sum
               of
               his
               Letany
               .
            
             
               
                 Desborow
                 ,
              
               that
               bloudy
               beef-brain'd
               wretch
               falls
               under
               our
               description
               next
               ;
               who
               was
               a
               State
               
                 Hay-gee-ho
                 ,
              
               or
               Carter
               ;
               and
               never
               shall
               come
               to
               the
               honour
               to
               be
               Waggoner
               to
               
                 Charles
                 his
                 Wain
                 ;
              
               who
               still
               thought
               ,
               when
               he
               sate
               in
               the
               Parliament
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               whistling
               to
               the
               Country
               Teem
               ;
               and
               therefore
               alwaies
               endeavoured
               to
               ride
               the
               Citizens
               ,
               and
               make
               Asses
               of
               them
               .
               But
               indeed
               ,
               to
               speak
               truth
               ,
               we
               cannot
               much
               blame
               the
               Man
               ;
               for
               he
               was
               ever
               so
               much
               used
               to
               the
               Whip
               ,
               that
               he
               must
               still
               be
               lashing
               where-ever
               he
               came
               .
               Yet
               one
               would
               have
               thought
               he
               might
               have
               spit
               in
               his
               hand
               and
               took
               better
               hold
               ;
               for
               now
               his
               Whip
               may
               prove
               like
               a
               Rod
               for
               his
               own
               Breech
               :
               But
               no
               matter
               ,
               every
               School-boy
               could
               have
               told
               him
               ,
               that
               the
               Rump
               used
               to
               pay
               for
               all
               faults
               ;
               And
               he
               might
               have
               remembred
               that
               we
               have
               a
               Proverb
               runs
               thus
               ,
               
                 The
                 Pot
                 goes
                 not
                 so
              
               
               
                 often
                 to
                 the
                 water
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 comes
                 broke
                 home
                 at
                 last
                 ;
              
               which
               no
               doubt
               he
               will
               soon
               be
               made
               sensible
               of
               .
               But
               I
               am
               weary
               with
               whistling
               to
               this
               Brawny
               Boor
               .
            
             
               Enter
               
                 Scot
                 :
              
               his
               very
               name
               implies
               treachery
               ;
               
                 As
                 treacherous
                 as
                 a
                 Scot
                 ,
              
               is
               old
               ,
               though
               true
               ;
               and
               may
               be
               appliable
               to
               him
               :
               for
               they
               are
               as
               true
               Types
               one
               of
               the
               other
               ,
               as
               the
               Dragon
               of
               the
               Devil
               .
               A
               bitter
               enemy
               to
               Kingship
               he
               was
               ,
               and
               one
               that
               had
               the
               impudence
               to
               affirm
               publikely
               (
               so
               report
               informs
               me
               )
               that
               he
               was
               one
               of
               the
               chiefest
               that
               sate
               in
               the
               Highest
               Court
               of
               Injustice
               for
               the
               executing
               of
               
                 Charles
              
               the
               first
               ;
               and
               were
               it
               to
               do
               again
               ,
               he
               would
               be
               as
               ready
               upon
               that
               design
               as
               ever
               .
               Sure
               he
               was
               some
               kin
               to
               a
               Tinker
               ,
               he
               proves
               himself
               such
               a
               man
               of
               metal
               .
            
             
               
                 Surge
                 Harry
                 Martin
                 ;
              
               shew
               thy
               smock-face
               :
               well
               might
               he
               be
               a
               Rumper
               ,
               he
               delighted
               so
               much
               in
               the
               Tail
               .
               A
               lewd
               dissolute
               fellow
               ;
               fitter
               to
               walk
               before
               a
               party
               of
               Whores
               ,
               than
               to
               lead
               up
               a
               Regiment
               of
               Horse
               .
               This
               is
               one
               of
               that
               sanctified
               Crew
               ,
               that
               would
               procure
               any
               business
               to
               be
               done
               ,
               if
               a
               female
               ,
               from
               whom
               he
               might
               but
               expect
               a
               kindness
               ,
               put
               up
               the
               Petition
               .
               But
               he
               was
               once
               handsomly
               fitted
               by
               a
               handsome
               Girl
               ;
               which
               action
               made
               the
               name
               of
               Trepan
               
               first
               known
               in
               
                 England
                 :
              
               His
               lustful
               desire
               ,
               though
               unaccomplished
               ,
               cost
               two
               hundred
               pounds
               in
               sawce
               ;
               only
               they
               were
               so
               civil
               to
               bestow
               a
               dinner
               of
               him
               ,
               inviting
               some
               other
               of
               the
               Members
               of
               this
               mock-Parliament
               ,
               only
               to
               divulge
               the
               frollick
               .
               Henceforth
               ,
               
                 Harry
                 ,
              
               take
               this
               advice
               as
               from
               a
               friend
               ,
               Beware
               of
               all
               such
               costly
               petitions
               ,
               if
               ever
               it
               be
               thy
               hap
               to
               prefer
               any
               more
               .
            
             
               But
               to
               dwell
               upon
               particulars
               thus
               ,
               would
               require
               a
               Volume
               :
               I
               must
               hasten
               ,
               since
               I
               am
               come
               to
               the
               end
               .
               Thus
               did
               
                 Nol
              
               and
               the
               Rump
               play
               at
               Nose
               in
               a
               —
               with
               the
               Nation
               ,
               intending
               (
               as
               it
               is
               thought
               )
               to
               stink
               the
               People
               out
               of
               their
               dominions
               ,
               and
               to
               remain
               with
               their
               Confederates
               Lords
               of
               Great
               
                 Britain
                 .
              
               (
               As
               for
               the
               Rumpers
               ,
               they
               provided
               a
               Scavenger
               )
               to
               sweep
               
                 London-streets
              
               ;
               and
               he
               hath
               swept
               them
               away
               ,
               and
               made
               the
               house
               clean
               for
               more
               deserving
               Persons
               .
               I
               wonder
               what
               benefit
               did
               ever
               accrew
               to
               the
               Nation
               by
               their
               Acts
               and
               Ordinances
               ;
               or
               when
               did
               they
               ever
               attempt
               any
               thing
               ,
               but
               ,
               Tinker-wise
               ,
               in
               mending
               one
               hole
               they
               made
               three
               ?
               All
               their
               consultations
               tended
               only
               to
               their
               own
               preferment
               .
               A
               knot
               of
               gnawing
               Vermine
               ,
               that
               fed
               upon
               the
               fat
               of
               the
               Land
               ;
               A
               Company
               of
               Book-worms
               ,
               who
               ,
               because
               ignorant
               
               themselves
               ,
               were
               resolved
               to
               destroy
               all
               Learning
               ,
               and
               implunge
               the
               People
               into
               an
               Abyss
               of
               Brutishness
               and
               Barbarism
               :
               and
               make
               them
               subscribe
               to
               ,
               and
               approve
               of
               whatsoever
               their
               dunghil
               spirits
               prompted
               them
               to
               .
               But
               I
               must
               draw
               to
               a
               period
               .
               This
               New-fangled
               Model
               you
               have
               under
               the
               notion
               of
               
                 Modern
                 Policy
              
               (
               though
               it
               is
               a
               favour
               to
               call
               it
               so
               )
               for
               
                 Rebellion
              
               it
               should
               be
               ;
               but
               I
               was
               unwilling
               to
               front
               my
               Page
               with
               so
               formidable
               a
               Title
               .
               For
               the
               Nation
               hath
               been
               too
               too
               long
               sensible
               of
               the
               heavy
               effects
               of
               Rebellion
               ;
               which
               have
               lighted
               somewhat
               hard
               upon
               their
               shoulders
               .
               The
               latter
               part
               of
               this
               Piece
               ,
               I
               confess
               ,
               differs
               from
               the
               former
               ,
               as
               much
               as
               
                 Heraclitus
              
               from
               
                 Democritus
                 ;
              
               yet
               it
               is
               no
               offence
               ,
               I
               presume
               ,
               (
               if
               I
               may
               be
               thought
               a
               sufficient
               Apothecary
               )
               to
               put
               a
               scruple
               of
               mirth
               into
               a
               dose
               of
               seriousness
               ;
               wherefore
               I
               shall
               conclude
               with
               what
               I
               ever
               made
               my
               Motto
               ,
               
                 —
                 Non
                 seria
                 semper
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .