Distant Reader - subject-portugal-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 6 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 726,253 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 121,042 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 91. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

king, de, men, great, one, made, two, many, time, sent, much, portugal, first, ships, yet, came, without, portugueses, might, three, now, people, year, went, city, kingdom, make, well, place, sea, prince, good, taken, put, kings, found, fort, called, others, queen, enemy, will, government, vnto, till, took, duke, man, hundred, part

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The Portugues Asia, or, The history of the discovery and conquest of India by the Portugues containing all their discoveries from the coast of Africk, to the farthest parts of China and Japan, all their battels by sea and land, sieges and other memorable actions, a description of those countries, and many particulars of the religion, government and customs of the natives, &c. : in three tomes / written in Spanish by Manuel de Faria y Sousa ... ; translated into English by Cap. John Stevens., The historie of the vniting of the kingdom of Portugall to the crowne of Castill containing the last warres of the Portugals against the Moores of Africke, the end of the house of Portugall, and change of that gouernment. The description of Portugall, their principall townes, castles, places ... Of the East Indies, the isles of Terceres, and other dependences ..., and An account of the court of Portugal, under the reign of the present king, Dom Pedro II with some discourses on the interests of Portugal, with regard to other sovereigns : containing a relation of the most considerable transactions that have pass''d of late between that court, and those of Rome, Spain, France, Vienna, England, &c..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

de meneses, de sousa, catholique king, antony de, count de, emanuel de, iohn de, peter de, de melo, francis de, two hundred, thousand men, luis de, alfonso de, de gama, hundred men, de cuna, de silva, three hundred, george de, nuno de, de albuquerque, one hundred, next day, king emanuel, iames de, martin alfonso, de castro, king sebastian, king john, let us, two ships, red sea, de brito, de silveyra, de noronha, every one, five hundred, four hundred, de noronna, de azevedo, cast away, king iohn, two thousand, greatest part, great number, lope vaz, de almeyda, king henry, king philip

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are By the Protector. A proclamation of the peace made betwixt this Common-wealth and Portugal. The Portugal history, or, A relation of the troubles that happened in the court of Portugal in the years 1667 and 1668 in which is to be seen that great transaction of the renunciation of the crown by Alphonso the Sixth, the dissolution of his marriage with the Princess Maria Frances Isabella of Savoy : the marriage of the same princess to the Prince Don Pedro, regent of the realm of Portugal, and the reasons alledged at Rome for the dispensation thereof / by S.P., Esq., and The Portugues Asia, or, The history of the discovery and conquest of India by the Portugues containing all their discoveries from the coast of Africk, to the farthest parts of China and Japan, all their battels by sea and land, sieges and other memorable actions, a description of those countries, and many particulars of the religion, government and customs of the natives, &c. : in three tomes / written in Spanish by Manuel de Faria y Sousa ... ; translated into English by Cap. John Stevens..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

prince, king, queen, kingdom, government, duke, crown, spaniards, people, majesty, country, year, war, spanish, son, sea, power, portugueses, portugal, peace, moors, marriage, infante, house, french, english, emanuel, don, court, city, army, world, women, water, viceroy, vessels, trade, town, terceres, sword, state, ships, secretary, sebastian, saint, sail, roy, river, realme, realm

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be king, and The Portugues Asia, or, The history of the discovery and conquest of India by the Portugues containing all their discoveries from the coast of Africk, to the farthest parts of China and Japan, all their battels by sea and land, sieges and other memorable actions, a description of those countries, and many particulars of the religion, government and customs of the natives, &c. : in three tomes / written in Spanish by Manuel de Faria y Sousa ... ; translated into English by Cap. John Stevens. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

time, men, king, people, ships, others, place, kings, day, part, way, things, order, reason, years, man, manner, end, rest, death, thing, number, vessels, nothing, cause, person, side, year, days, name, armie, danger, brother, body, effect, citie, places, country, parts, realme, ship, force, thither, occasion, self, one, soldiers, power, arms, thence

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

was, had, were, be, is, being, have, made, are, sent, did, been, came, having, went, make, taken, put, found, said, called, took, do, done, killed, come, gave, take, brought, set, lost, thought, returned, go, received, carried, seeing, left, began, give, given, see, hauing, coming, died, arrived, fell, let, commanded, fled

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

king, de, men, d., portugal, portugueses, city, prince, fort, kingdom, duke, queen, government, sea, enemy, year, majesty, viceroy, india, iohn, island, ships, goa, st., court, portugals, river, count, lisbon, fleet, don, son, portugall, infante, crown, francis, sail, emanuel, antony, town, moors, alfonso, coast, peter, cannon, god, henry, french, spaniards, malaca

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

he, his, they, it, him, them, their, her, our, himself, i, she, we, themselves, your, you, my, us, its, me, one, ours, theirs, mine, vp, vnto, herself, ''em, yours, whereof, thy, us''d, ya, thee, sign''d, itself, hers, ung, tothem, thatthey, sweeps, show''d, shou''d, rais''d, march''d, leapt, em, cōquerour, cha, ''s

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

great, other, many, such, same, first, much, more, good, own, small, several, little, most, last, greatest, whole, greater, second, new, least, able, next, few, better, present, true, considerable, large, former, best, full, ready, long, like, ill, strong, french, third, dead, rich, late, certain, religious, famous, common, necessary, shoulde, high, vast

not, so, then, there, now, out, up, as, most, more, well, very, only, much, off, yet, also, away, soon, never, therefore, before, first, again, afterwards, on, in, here, still, thus, rather, about, onely, down, far, almost, no, long, likewise, over, too, together, all, always, ever, back, presently, thereof, even, often

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

Thank you for using the Distant Reader.