An enquiry into the new opinions, chiefly propagated by the Presbyterians of Scotland together with some animadversions on a late book, entitled, A defence of The vindication of the kirk : in a letter to a friend at Edinburgh / by A.M., D.D.
         Monro, Alexander, d. 1715?
      
       
         
           1696
        
      
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             An enquiry into the new opinions, chiefly propagated by the Presbyterians of Scotland together with some animadversions on a late book, entitled, A defence of The vindication of the kirk : in a letter to a friend at Edinburgh / by A.M., D.D.
             Monro, Alexander, d. 1715?
          
           [12], 339, [1] p.
           
             Printed for Walter Kettilby,
             London :
             1696.
          
           
             Attributed to Alexander Monro. Cf. BM.
             Errata: p. [11]
             Advertisement on p. [1] at end.
             Reproduction of original in Union Theological Seminary Library, New York.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Rule, Gilbert, 1629?-1701. -- Defence of The vindication of the Church of Scotland.
           Presbyterian Church -- Controversial literature.
           Church of Scotland -- History.
           Presbyterians -- Scotland -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           AN
           ENQUIRY
           INTO
           THE
           
             New
             Opinions
          
           (
           Chiefly
           )
           Propagated
           by
           the
           
             Presbyterians
             of
             Scotland
          
           ;
           Together
           also
           with
           some
           Animadversions
           on
           a
           Late
           Book
           ,
           Entituled
           ,
           
             A
             Defence
             of
             the
             Vindications
             of
             the
             Kirk
             :
          
        
         
           In
           a
           LETTER
           to
           a
           Friend
           at
           EDINBURGH
           .
        
         
           By
           A.
           M.
           D.
           D.
           
        
         
           Jeremiah
           6.16
           .
        
         
           —
           Ask
           for
           the
           Old
           Paths
           ,
           where
           is
           the
           good
           way
           ,
           and
           walk
           therein
           ,
           and
           ye
           shall
           find
           rest
           for
           your
           Souls
           :
           but
           they
           said
           ,
           we
           will
           not
           walk
           therein
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           :
           
             Printed
             for
          
           Walter
           Kettilby
           ,
           
             at
             the
          
           Bishop's-Head
           
             in
             St.
          
           Paul
           '
           
             s
             Church-yard
             ,
             1696.
          
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           THE
           CONTENTS
           OF
           THIS
           TREATISE
           .
        
         
           
             THE
             Introduction
             ,
             inviting
             all
             the
             true
             Sons
             of
             the
             Church
             (
             especially
             the
             Afflicted
             Clergy
             )
             to
             the
             most
             serious
             Exercise
             of
             true
             Repentance
             and
             Humiliation
             ,
             
               P.
               1
               ,
               2
               ,
               3
               ,
               4
               ,
               5
               ,
            
             &c.
             
          
           
             The
             Doctrines
             and
             Principles
             that
             we
             contend
             for
             against
             the
             later
             Sectaries
             are
             Primitive
             ,
             Catholic
             ,
             and
             Orthodox
             .
             
               p
               9
               ,
               10
               ,
               11.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             I.
             
          
           
             
               The
               Insufficiency
               of
               those
               Pleas
               and
               Arguments
               managed
               by
               the
               Presbyterians
               ,
               against
               the
               Catholic
               Church
               ,
               in
               Defence
               of
               their
               New
               Doctrine
               of
               Parity
               ,
               
                 p.
                 12
                 ,
                 13
                 ,
                 14.
                 
              
            
             
               
               Their
               Arguments
               reduc'd
               to
               three
               general
               Heads
               ,
               
                 p.
                 15.
              
               
            
             
               1.
               
               Their
               Pleas
               from
               the
               Pretended
               immediate
               Institution
               of
               our
               Saviour
               ,
               considered
               ,
               
                 p.
                 16
                 ,
                 17
                 ,
                 18
                 ,
                 19
                 ,
                 20
                 ,
                 21.
                 
              
            
             
               2.
               
               Their
               Arguments
               from
               the
               Confusion
               of
               Names
               ,
               observable
               in
               the
               New
               Testament
               ,
               proved
               to
               be
               Vain
               and
               Sophistical
               ,
               
                 p.
                 22
                 ,
                 23
                 ,
                 24
                 ,
                 25
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
            
             
               3.
               
               Their
               Arguments
               from
               the
               Testimony
               of
               Ecclesiastical
               Writters
               examined
               ,
               
                 p.
                 39
                 ,
                 40.
              
               
            
             
               The
               Testimony
               of
               St.
               Clement
               the
               Apostolical
               Bishop
               of
               Rome
               ,
               Vindicated
               from
               the
               Wilful
               Mistakes
               of
               Presbyterians
               ,
               
                 p.
                 41
                 ,
                 42
                 ,
                 43
                 ,
                 44
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               Testimony
               of
               St.
               Polycarp
               Bishop
               of
               Smyrna
               and
               Disciple
               of
               St.
               John
               the
               Apostle
               ,
               enquired
               into
               particularly
               ,
               
                 p.
                 49
                 ,
                 50
                 ,
                 51.
                 
              
            
             
               The
               Testimony
               from
               Hermas
               impartially
               viewed
               ,
               and
               the
               Disingenuity
               of
               Monsiour
               Blondel
               reproved
               ,
               
                 p.
                 52
                 ,
                 53
                 ,
                 54
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
            
             
               Pope
               Pius
               his
               Epistle
               to
               
                 Justus
                 Viennensis
              
               Censured
               as
               Spurious
               ;
               and
               if
               it
               was
               Genuine
               ,
               cannot
               serve
               the
               Presbyterian
               Design
               ,
               
                 p.
                 56.
              
               
            
             
               The
               Instance
               of
               Marcion
               the
               Heretic
               as
               unfit
               to
               support
               the
               New
               Doctrine
               ,
               as
               the
               former
               Testimony
               from
               the
               Spurious
               Epistle
               of
               Pope
               
                 Pius
                 ,
                 p.
                 57.
              
               
            
             
               The
               Testimony
               from
               
                 Justin
                 Martyr
              
               impertinently
               alledged
               by
               our
               Adversaries
               ,
               
                 p.
                 58
                 ,
                 59.
              
               
            
             
               The
               Testimony
               of
               the
               Gallican
               Martyrs
               ,
               
                 p.
                 62
                 ,
                 63.
              
               
            
             
               
               The
               Testimony
               of
               St.
               
                 Cyprian
                 ,
                 p.
                 64.
              
               
            
             
               The
               Testimony
               from
               the
               Authority
               of
               St.
               
                 Jerome
                 ,
                 p.
                 65.
              
               
            
             
               The
               Error
               of
               St.
               Jerome
               discovered
               to
               be
               very
               different
               from
               the
               New
               Doctrine
               of
               the
               Presbyterians
               ,
               
                 p.
                 66.
              
               
            
             
               St.
               Jerome
               never
               acknowledged
               any
               Interval
               ,
               after
               the
               Death
               of
               the
               Apostles
               in
               which
               Ecclesiastical
               Affairs
               were
               managed
               ,
               
                 Communi
                 Presbyterorum
                 Consilio
              
               .
               Ibid
               &
               Seqq.
               
            
             
               St.
               Jerome
               taught
               ,
               that
               Episcopacy
               was
               the
               Apostolical
               remedy
               of
               Schism
               ,
               from
               
                 p.
                 65.
              
               to
               
                 p.
                 80.
              
               
            
             
               The
               Testimony
               from
               the
               Authority
               of
               Saint
               Austin
               ,
               examined
               .
            
             
               Saint
               Austin
               reasoned
               from
               the
               Succession
               of
               single
               Persons
               governing
               the
               Church
               of
               Rome
               from
               the
               days
               of
               the
               Apostles
               ,
               and
               by
               this
               Argument
               overthrew
               the
               Doctrine
               and
               Schism
               of
               the
               Donatists
               ,
               
                 p.
                 81.
              
               to
               
                 p.
                 94.
              
               
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             II.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Succession
               of
               Bishops
               from
               the
               Apostles
               ,
               
                 p.
                 94.
              
               
            
             
               Some
               Presbyterian
               Concessions
               preliminary
               to
               the
               true
               State
               of
               the
               Controversie
               ,
               
                 p.
                 95
                 ,
                 96.
              
               
            
             
               The
               Apostolical
               Office
               considered
               ,
               with
               regard
               to
               its
               Permanent
               and
               Essential
               Nature
               ▪
            
             
               2ly
               .
               As
               it
               was
               adorned
               with
               Extraordinary
               and
               miraculous
               Advantages
               .
            
             
               
               The
               First
               was
               to
               continue
               for
               ever
               in
               the
               Church
               ,
               the
               Second
               was
               Transient
               and
               Occasional
               ,
               with
               regard
               to
               the
               first
               Plantations
               of
               Christianity
               .
               The
               Apostolical
               and
               Episcopal
               Office
               the
               same
               in
               its
               Original
               Nature
               ,
               Essence
               ,
               and
               Design
               ,
               
                 p
                 98
                 ,
                 99
                 ,
                 100
                 ,
                 101
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               true
               State
               of
               the
               Controversie
               ,
               whether
               the
               Apostles
               left
               the
               Government
               of
               Particular
               Churches
               to
               single
               Successors
               ,
               or
               to
               a
               College
               of
               Presbyters
               acting
               in
               Parity
               and
               Equality
               ,
               
                 p.
                 105
                 ,
                 106
              
               ,
            
             
               The
               first
               is
               affirmed
               by
               all
               Records
               ,
               whether
               we
               consider
               the
               inspired
               Writings
               of
               the
               Apostles
               ,
               or
               the
               Ecclesiastical
               Histories
               of
               after
               Ages
               ,
               
                 p.
                 107
              
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               true
               Notion
               of
               an
               Evangelist
               altogether
               different
               from
               the
               Permanent
               Office
               of
               Timothy
               or
               
                 Titus
                 ,
                 p.
                 111.
              
               
            
             
               Saint
               James
               the
               Just
               ,
               Established
               Bishop
               of
               Jerusalem
               by
               the
               Apostles
               ,
               and
               he
               in
               that
               City
               was
               the
               Centre
               of
               Unity
               ,
               and
               Episcopal
               Succession
               in
               that
               See
               ,
               
                 p.
                 112
                 ,
                 113.
              
               
            
             
               The
               Episcopal
               Power
               lodged
               in
               his
               person
               ,
               ib.
               
            
             
               The
               Angels
               of
               the
               Asiatic
               Churches
               ,
               Bishops
               in
               the
               strictest
               Sense
               ,
               
                 p.
                 114
              
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               whole
               Question
               reduced
               to
               three
               Enquiries
               ,
               
                 p.
                 118
              
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               Force
               of
               the
               Primitive
               Argument
               against
               Hereticks
               ,
               from
               the
               Succession
               of
               single
               Persons
               ,
               
                 p.
                 123
                 ,
                 124
                 ,
                 125.
                 
              
            
             
               The
               Ancients
               could
               not
               be
               deceived
               in
               an
               affair
               of
               this
               Nature
               ,
               
                 p.
                 128
                 ,
                 129.
              
               
            
             
               
               The
               Impossibility
               of
               changing
               the
               Ecclesiastical
               Government
               from
               Parity
               to
               Prelacy
               ,
               in
               the
               Primitive
               Ages
               ,
               all
               things
               duly
               considered
               ,
               
                 p.
                 136
                 ,
                 137.
              
               
            
             
               This
               proved
               at
               length
               from
               the
               Concessions
               of
               the
               Learned
               Presbyterians
               ,
               
                 Salmasius
                 ,
                 blondel
              
               ,
               and
               Bochartus
               ,
               Ibid.
               
            
             
               The
               Peevishness
               of
               our
               Adversaries
               in
               this
               Controversie
               ,
               
                 p.
                 150.
              
               
            
             
               The
               Epistles
               of
               St.
               Ignatius
               overthrow
               the
               Pretences
               of
               Parity
               ,
               even
               upon
               Salmasius
               his
               own
               Hypothesis
               ,
               
                 P.
                 152
                 ,
                 153
              
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               whole
               Controversie
               reduced
               to
               Nine
               plain
               Queries
               ,
               
                 p.
                 157
                 ,
                 158
                 ,
                 159
                 ,
                 160.
                 
              
            
             
               The
               Power
               of
               Bishops
               over
               the
               Subordinate
               Clergy
               and
               Lay-men
               ,
               in
               the
               Primitive
               Ages
               ,
               
                 p.
                 161.
              
               
            
             
               The
               Presbyterian
               exception
               against
               large
               Diocesses
               discussed
               ,
               
                 p.
                 162
                 ,
                 163
                 ,
                 164.
                 
              
            
             
               Saint
               James
               the
               Just
               ,
               a
               Diocesan
               Bishop
               in
               the
               Strictest
               Sense
               ,
               
                 p.
                 164
                 ,
                 165.
              
               
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             III.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               several
               other
               New
               Opinions
               propagated
               by
               the
               Presbyterians
               of
               
                 Scotland
                 ,
                 p.
                 168.
              
               
            
             
               Their
               Doctrine
               concerning
               the
               Holy-Days
               of
               our
               Saviour's
               Nativity
               ,
               Resurrection
               ,
               and
               Ascension
               ,
               Ibid.
               
            
             
               Anniversary
               Solemnities
               not
               founded
               upon
               any
               Divine
               or
               Express
               Institution
               observed
               in
               the
               Jewish
               and
               Christian
               Church
               ,
               
                 p.
                 172
              
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               
               Presbyterian
               Exceptions
               removed
               ,
               
                 p.
                 175
                 ,
                 176
                 ,
                 177.
                 
              
            
             
               This
               further
               Prosecuted
               from
               several
               other
               Considerations
               ,
               
                 p.
                 179
                 ,
                 180
              
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               Festivity
               of
               Christmas
               more
               particularly
               considered
               ,
               
                 p.
                 185.
              
               
            
             
               The
               Vindicator's
               Mistakes
               exposed
               ,
               by
               the
               Anniversary
               Commemoration
               of
               the
               Martyrs
               ,
               celebrated
               by
               the
               first
               Christians
               ,
               
                 p.
                 188
              
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               New
               Explications
               of
               the
               Vindicator
               insisted
               on
               ,
               
                 p.
                 196
              
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Some
               other
               ridiculous
               Fancies
               examined
               ,
               viz
               ,
               That
               Christmas
               was
               observed
               in
               honour
               of
               
                 Julius
                 Caesar
                 ,
                 p.
                 205.
              
               
            
             
               The
               Testimony
               cited
               from
               Buchanan
               cannot
               serve
               the
               Presbyterian
               Design
               ,
               
                 p.
                 207
                 ,
                 208.
              
               
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             IV.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Presbyterian
               Notion
               of
               Schism
               ,
               and
               their
               fabulous
               Stories
               concerning
               a
               Presbyterian
               Church
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               in
               the
               first
               Ages
               of
               Christianity
               ,
               
                 p.
                 211.
              
               
            
             
               Several
               Considerations
               proposed
               to
               prove
               our
               Scotish
               Presbyterians
               Schismaticks
               from
               the
               Catholic
               Church
               ,
               in
               the
               strictest
               Sense
               of
               that
               Word
               ,
               
                 p.
                 213
                 ,
                 214
              
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               A
               Particular
               Enquiry
               into
               that
               Fabulous
               Story
               propagated
               by
               our
               Adversaries
               ,
               viz.
               That
               there
               was
               a
               Presbyterian
               Church
               in
               Scotland
               in
               the
               First
               Ages
               of
               Christianity
               ,
               
                 p.
                 228
                 ,
                 229.
              
               
            
             
               
               The
               Authors
               cited
               by
               the
               Vindicator
               of
               the
               Kirk
               ,
               to
               support
               this
               Dream
               ,
               particularly
               considered
               ,
               
                 p.
                 230.
              
               
            
             
               The
               Authority
               of
               Prosper
               mistaken
               ,
               and
               the
               Testimony
               cited
               by
               our
               Adversaries
               ,
               from
               his
               
                 Chronicon
                 Consulare
              
               ,
               more
               narrowly
               enquired
               into
               ,
               
                 p.
                 245
              
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             V.
             
          
           
             
               The
               Presbyterian
               Doctrine
               concerning
               Rites
               and
               Ceremonies
               examined
               .
               
                 p.
                 250
                 ,
                 251.
              
               
            
             
               Their
               Notions
               contradict
               the
               Practice
               of
               all
               civiliz'd
               Nations
               ,
               Ibid.
               
            
             
               The
               frequent
               Allusions
               to
               uncommanded
               significant
               Ceremonies
               practised
               in
               the
               Worship
               of
               God
               ,
               that
               we
               meet
               with
               in
               the
               Holy
               Scriptures
               ,
               prove
               such
               Ceremonies
               Lawful
               beyond
               all
               Contradiction
               ,
               
                 p.
                 254
              
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Several
               Exceptions
               ,
               offered
               by
               the
               Vindicator
               ,
               removed
               ,
               
                 p.
                 256
                 ,
                 257.
              
               
            
             
               The
               Orthodox
               Principle
               Prov'd
               from
               an
               Allusion
               to
               the
               Ceremony
               of
               Immersion
               ,
               practis'd
               in
               the
               Apostolical
               Church
               of
               Rome
               ,
               proved
               from
               
                 Rom.
                 6.4
                 .
                 pag.
                 265.
              
               
            
             
               Of
               Presbyterian
               Ordinations
               ,
               and
               how
               little
               can
               be
               said
               in
               their
               Defence
               ,
               
                 p.
                 276
              
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               Doctrine
               of
               Non-Resistance
               ,
               truly
               Understood
               ,
               is
               safe
               and
               Christian
               in
               it self
               ,
               and
               in
               all
               its
               tendencies
               ,
               
                 p.
                 284
                 ,
                 285.
              
               
            
             
               The
               Enthusiastic
               Singularities
               of
               the
               later
            
             
             
               Presbyterians
               ,
               in
               rejecting
               all
               Publick
               Forms
               ,
               in
               the
               Solemn
               Worship
               of
               God
               ,
               reproved
               ,
               
                 p.
                 289
                 ,
                 290
                 ,
                 291
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
            
             
               
               Calvin's
               three
               Arguments
               for
               Publick
               Liturgies
               are
               Solid
               and
               Unanswerable
               ,
               
                 p.
                 293
                 ,
                 294
                 ,
                 295.
                 
              
            
             
               The
               Vindicator's
               usual
               Reproach
               ,
               Viz
               ,
               That
               the
               Clergy
               of
               our
               Church
               are
               Superstitious
               ,
               examined
               ,
               
                 p.
                 295
              
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               Nature
               of
               Superstition
               explain'd
               ,
               and
               a
               Parallel
               insisted
               on
               ,
               between
               the
               Superstitious
               Usages
               of
               the
               Ancient
               Hereticks
               ,
               and
               the
               Modern
               Practices
               of
               the
               later
               Sectaries
               ,
               
                 p.
                 296
                 ,
                 297
                 ,
                 298
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               Vindicator's
               Attempt
               to
               Justifie
               his
               Unaccountable
               Paradox
               forc'd
               upon
               the
               words
               of
               St.
               Jerome
               ,
               from
               some
               Expositions
               offered
               by
               the
               Learned
               Grotius
               ,
               Chastised
               and
               Exposed
               ,
               and
               the
               Vanity
               of
               that
               Comparison
               demonstrated
               ,
               
                 p.
                 305
                 ,
                 306
                 ,
                 307.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
             The
             Conclusion
          
           
             Exhorting
             all
             the
             true
             Sons
             of
             the
             Church
             to
             Pray
             for
             the
             Peace
             and
             Unity
             of
             its
             Members
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           It
           is
           expected
           the
           Reader
           will
           Pardon
           some
           Points
           and
           Comma's
           that
           are
           misplac'd
           .
           The
           Errors
           that
           disturb
           the
           Sense
           most
           ,
           are
           these
           following
           .
        
         
           PAge
           16.
           l.
           20.
           r.
           New.
           p.
           20.
           marg
           .
           r.
           locum
           .
           p.
           55.
           l.
           20.
           r.
           Praecipue
           .
           p.
           60.
           marg
           .
           for
           Hadriani
           ,
           r.
           Saturnini
           .
           p.
           74.
           l.
           21.
           r.
           genuine
           ,
           p.
           81.
           l.
           26.
           r.
           needs
           .
           p.
           84.
           l.
           17.
           r.
           Hieronymo
           .
           p.
           92.
           l.
           15.
           r.
           Smectimnuus
           .
           p.
           116.
           l.
           3.
           after
           Angel
           ,
           add
           ,
           
             as
             it
             is
             render'd
             by
             the
             Septuagint
             .
          
           p.
           138.
           l.
           21.
           r.
           Centesimum
           .
           p.
           159.
           l.
           2.
           r.
           a.
           p.
           162.
           l.
           5.
           r.
           Saeculi
           ,
           p.
           182.
           l.
           19.
           r.
           acuteness
           .
           p.
           189.
           l.
           7.
           r.
           accurate
           .
           p.
           199.
           l
           3.
           r.
           foppish
           .
           p.
           253.
           l.
           28.
           r.
           Treatises
           .
           p.
           255.
           l.
           25.
           after
           unguarded
           ,
           add
           ,
           and
           not
           Supported
           .
           p.
           291.
           l.
           13.
           after
           that
           ,
           add
           ,
           it
           .
           p.
           319.
           l.
           2.
           r.
           Shadow
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           AN
           ENQUIRY
           INTO
           THE
           New
           Opinions
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           
             Sir
             ,
          
        
         
           I
           Thought
           that
           our
           Enemies
           had
           made
           an
           end
           of
           their
           Libels
           ,
           but
           I
           see
           that
           it
           is
           not
           so
           easie
           for
           them
           to
           forbear
           the
           practices
           that
           we
           complain
           of
           .
           The
           malignity
           of
           Faction
           is
           endless
           ,
           and
           there
           is
           nothing
           so
           apt
           to
           be
           oppressed
           and
           reviled
           as
           Truth
           and
           Innocence
           .
           We
           must
           (
           in
           these
           days
           of
           Atheism
           and
           Confusion
           )
           arm
           our selves
           against
           Calumnies
           and
           Contradictions
           :
           and
           if
           we
           are
           not
           guarded
           by
           Resolution
           and
           Fortitude
           ,
           we
           must
           desert
           (
           not
           only
           the
           Peculiar
           Ministries
           of
           the
           Priesthood
           ,
           but
           )
           
           the
           Profession
           of
           Christianity
           it self
           .
           We
           are
           surrounded
           on
           all
           hands
           by
           the
           most
           ungenerous
           and
           spiteful
           Adversaries
           ,
           the
           open
           and
           scandalous
           Sensualities
           of
           some
           ,
           and
           the
           spiritual
           Raveries
           of
           others
           ,
           lay
           siege
           to
           the
           Foundations
           of
           our
           Faith
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           with
           great
           difficulty
           that
           the
           publick
           Worship
           of
           God
           is
           not
           quite
           extinguished
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           indeed
           despised
           and
           ridicul'd
           :
           So
           grievous
           is
           our
           present
           Calamity
           ,
           that
           the
           contending
           Parties
           amongst
           us
           do
           impute
           our
           Disasters
           to
           different
           Causes
           ,
           and
           therefore
           we
           are
           the
           further
           remov'd
           from
           out
           true
           Cure.
           If
           we
           were
           so
           impartial
           as
           to
           acknowledge
           our
           Iniquities
           with
           Sorrow
           and
           Remorse
           ,
           we
           would
           quickly
           find
           the
           Exercise
           of
           Contrition
           and
           Repentance
           more
           proper
           to
           remove
           the
           marks
           of
           God's
           Anger
           ,
           than
           the
           other
           Methods
           that
           are
           most
           pleasing
           to
           Flesh
           and
           Blood.
           
        
         
           There
           is
           nothing
           more
           Essential
           to
           Natural
           Religion
           than
           the
           belief
           of
           God's
           wise
           and
           watchful
           Providence
           .
           It
           interposes
           in
           the
           meanest
           .
           Accidents
           of
           humane
           Life
           ,
           and
           much
           more
           in
           the
           remarkable
           Ruins
           and
           Calamities
           of
           publick
           Societies
           and
           Churches
           :
           And
           if
           we
           do
           not
           hear
           
             the
             Voice
             of
             the
             Rod
             ,
             and
             of
             him
             that
             hath
             appointed
             it
             ,
          
           he
           hath
           still
           more
           terrible
           Plaues
           in
           reserve
           for
           us
           than
           the
           spoiling
           of
           our
           Goods
           ,
           or
           the
           affronting
           
           of
           our
           Persons
           .
           Let
           us
           therefore
           draw
           near
           unto
           him
           by
           our
           fervent
           Prayers
           ,
           and
           ingenuous
           Humiliations
           :
           for
           the
           most
           Innocent
           amongst
           us
           may
           find
           in
           the
           view
           of
           his
           Life
           several
           Actions
           and
           Omissions
           very
           displeasing
           to
           our
           Heavenly
           Father
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           unsuitable
           to
           our
           Baptismal
           Vows
           and
           Engagements
           ;
           therefore
           the
           Hand
           of
           God
           is
           stretched
           out
           against
           us
           ,
           and
           he
           is
           provoked
           to
           let
           loose
           amongst
           us
           a
           Spirit
           of
           Error
           and
           Confusion
           :
           and
           though
           we
           may
           be
           very
           Innocent
           as
           to
           the
           Accusations
           of
           those
           who
           have
           wickedly
           combin'd
           to
           defame
           us
           ,
           yet
           
             who
             of
             us
             can
             understand
             his
             Errors
             ?
          
        
         
           If
           all
           things
           without
           us
           are
           in
           such
           disorder
           ;
           then
           is
           it
           high
           time
           for
           us
           to
           look
           within
           our selves
           ,
           and
           to
           fix
           our
           Thoughts
           on
           their
           true
           Objects
           :
           If
           we
           are
           expos'd
           to
           the
           sadest
           Toslings
           and
           Uncertainties
           ,
           we
           must
           endeavour
           to
           establish
           the
           Tranquillity
           of
           our
           mind
           ?
           If
           we
           know
           not
           where
           to
           lay
           our
           head
           ,
           if
           we
           have
           no
           property
           upon
           Earth
           ,
           the
           natural
           Conclusion
           is
           ,
           to
           
             seek
             those
             things
             that
             are
             above
             .
          
           If
           here
           we
           are
           persecuted
           and
           oppressed
           ,
           we
           must
           carry
           our
           thoughts
           and
           desires
           to
           that
           invisible
           Sanctuary
           that
           yields
           true
           Ease
           and
           Repose
           under
           all
           pressures
           and
           afflictions
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           worth
           our
           while
           to
           enquire
           why
           we
           ,
           who
           have
           been
           dedicated
           to
           the
           services
           
           of
           the
           Altar
           ,
           are
           more
           particularly
           struck
           at
           than
           others
           .
           It
           is
           not
           so
           much
           our
           business
           to
           complain
           of
           our
           Persecutors
           ,
           as
           to
           look
           unto
           him
           that
           smites
           us
           :
           and
           if
           he
           (
           by
           the
           discipline
           of
           so
           many
           crosses
           )
           oblige
           us
           to
           consider
           more
           narrowly
           the
           frame
           of
           our
           Souls
           ,
           we
           may
           with
           greater
           ease
           part
           with
           our
           ,
           former
           Conveniencies
           .
           Let
           every
           one
           of
           us
           retire
           into
           himself
           ,
           and
           open
           up
           the
           several
           foldings
           of
           his
           own
           Conscience
           ,
           and
           endeavour
           hereafter
           to
           regulate
           our
           Actions
           by
           true
           and
           Christian
           Principles
           knowing
           that
           
             all
             things
             are
             naked
             and
             open
             to
             the
             Eyes
             of
             him
             with
             whom
             we
             have
             to
             do
             ,
          
           and
           to
           whom
           we
           are
           shortly
           to
           give
           an
           account
           of
           our
           time
           and
           talents
           ,
           and
           of
           
             all
             things
             that
             we
             have
             done
             in
             the
             body
             whether
             they
             be
             good
             or
             evil
             .
          
           If
           we
           must
           suffer
           ,
           let
           us
           imitate
           the
           Captain
           of
           our
           Salvation
           :
           this
           is
           Edifying
           to
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           it
           establishes
           the
           Composure
           of
           our
           own
           mind
           .
           Let
           us
           canvass
           and
           examine
           the
           Doctrines
           and
           Practices
           for
           which
           we
           suffer
           ,
           and
           enquire
           whether
           they
           be
           not
           the
           Principles
           of
           the
           Catholic
           and
           Primitive
           Church
           in
           her
           first
           and
           purest
           ages
           .
        
         
           We
           must
           not
           think
           that
           we
           are
           discharg'd
           from
           the
           peculiar
           Offices
           of
           our
           Ministry
           ,
           because
           we
           are
           forc'd
           from
           our
           Residence
           ,
           and
           exposed
           to
           all
           sorts
           of
           Indignities
           .
           
           We
           must
           firmly
           believe
           that
           
             all
             things
             work
             together
             for
             good
             to
             them
             that
             love
             God
             :
          
           and
           that
           our
           Patience
           and
           Meekness
           may
           be
           of
           greater
           use
           to
           the
           Church
           than
           if
           we
           had
           been
           allow'd
           to
           continue
           in
           our
           former
           Stations
           .
           We
           see
           how
           much
           holy
           things
           are
           contemn'd
           in
           our
           days
           ,
           how
           triumphantly
           Atheism
           and
           Impiety
           lift
           up
           their
           Banners
           every
           where
           .
           Let
           us
           endeavour
           as
           much
           as
           is
           possible
           to
           preserve
           some
           Remains
           of
           Religion
           amongst
           the
           People
           .
           Let
           us
           assert
           the
           ancient
           Order
           and
           Piety
           that
           made
           the
           Christian
           Church
           so
           beautiful
           in
           former
           Ages
           .
        
         
           
             The
             Apostle
             informs
             us
             ,
             that
             the
             time
             would
             come
             when
             men
             could
             not
          
           endure
           sound
           Doctrine
           ,
           
           but
           after
           their
           own
           lust
           shall
           they
           heap
           to
           themselves
           Teachers
           having
           itching
           Ears
           ,
           and
           they
           shall
           turn
           away
           their
           Ears
           from
           the
           truth
           ,
           and
           shall
           be
           turned
           unto
           fables
           .
        
         
           The
           great
           Founder
           of
           our
           Religion
           sent
           his
           Apostles
           by
           found
           Doctrine
           to
           enlighten
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           they
           convey'd
           this
           Spiritual
           Authority
           unto
           others
           who
           should
           transmit
           it
           by
           an
           orderly
           Succession
           ;
           and
           as
           their
           Mission
           was
           Heavenly
           in
           its
           Original
           ,
           so
           their
           Doctrine
           was
           pure
           and
           holy
           in
           all
           its
           Tendencies
           .
           They
           considered
           themselves
           as
           the
           Ambas
           ▪
           adors
           of
           Jesus
           Christ
           ,
           and
           Delivered
           their
           Commission
           without
           any
           Mixture
           or
           Hypocrisy
           .
           
           They
           treated
           the
           People
           with
           all
           Humility
           and
           Tenderness
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           took
           great
           care
           to
           mortifie
           their
           Lusts
           and
           their
           Passions
           ;
           but
           when
           they
           grew
           wanton
           and
           headstrong
           ,
           and
           thought
           themselves
           too
           wise
           to
           be
           led
           by
           their
           Spiritual
           Guides
           and
           Rulers
           ,
           then
           they
           would
           have
           teachers
           of
           their
           own
           ,
           Men
           chosen
           by
           themselves
           ,
           such
           as
           were
           taught
           to
           calculate
           their
           Doctrines
           to
           popular
           Fancies
           and
           Humours
           ,
           such
           as
           would
           prostitute
           the
           Gospel
           ,
           to
           promote
           Error
           and
           Delusion
           ,
           and
           make
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Light
           subservient
           to
           that
           of
           Darkness
           ,
           and
           instead
           of
           serving
           our
           blessed
           Saviour
           ,
           they
           became
           Slaves
           to
           the
           People
           ,
           by
           whom
           they
           were
           originally
           employed
           :
           and
           because
           they
           were
           so
           unhappily
           successful
           as
           to
           gratifie
           their
           Lusts
           ,
           they
           were
           therefore
           voted
           the
           most
           edifying
           teachers
           .
        
         
           The
           Primitive
           Ministers
           of
           Religion
           had
           their
           immediate
           Commission
           from
           Heaven
           ,
           accordingly
           they
           endeavoured
           by
           all
           means
           to
           restore
           the
           Image
           of
           God
           in
           the
           Souls
           of
           Men
           ,
           to
           raise
           their
           Thoughts
           and
           Designs
           to
           that
           Happiness
           and
           Treasure
           which
           the
           World
           cannot
           give
           ,
           which
           God
           truth
           promised
           and
           made
           sure
           by
           the
           Resurrection
           of
           Jesus
           Christ
           from
           the
           dead
           .
           The
           other
           had
           their
           authority
           from
           Men
           ,
           
           and
           therefore
           they
           must
           needs
           please
           the
           People
           who
           sent
           them
           .
           They
           must
           reconcile
           the
           Rules
           and
           Morals
           of
           the
           Gospel
           to
           the
           Wicked
           Practices
           and
           designs
           of
           the
           World
           :
           they
           must
           change
           the
           strictest
           Maxims
           of
           the
           Evangel
           into
           looser
           Theorems
           ,
           and
           the
           severe
           Discipline
           of
           the
           Ancient
           Church
           unto
           all
           Licence
           and
           Luxury
           ,
           the
           true
           faith
           that
           works
           by
           love
           unto
           airy
           Notions
           and
           Mistakes
           .
           Thus
           the
           People
           were
           pleas'd
           ,
           and
           the
           Gospel
           was
           defeated
           ,
           the
           Church
           is
           ruin'd
           ,
           and
           God
           dishonour'd
           .
        
         
           Every
           Man
           in
           his
           own
           station
           is
           obliged
           
             to
             contend
             for
             the
             Faith
             once
             delivered
             to
             the
             Saints
             .
          
           When
           the
           Foundations
           of
           Ecclesiastical
           Unity
           are
           shaken
           loose
           ,
           and
           the
           Antient
           Constitutions
           trampled
           upon
           with
           great
           Insolence
           and
           Impiety
           ,
           then
           the
           hedge
           of
           t●●e
           Religion
           is
           not
           only
           Invaded
           but
           Demolished
           ,
           and
           without
           those
           Sacred
           Vehicles
           it
           must
           Evaporate
           into
           Giddiness
           and
           Enthusiasm
           ;
           the
           Extravagance
           of
           these
           last
           days
           is
           boundless
           as
           it
           Sceptical
           ,
           and
           Christianity
           it self
           is
           more
           dangerously
           wounded
           by
           the
           Delusions
           of
           some
           that
           are
           Baptiz'd
           ,
           than
           by
           the
           open
           Blasphemies
           of
           Infidels
           :
           The
           last
           may
           be
           assaulted
           by
           Reason
           ,
           (
           at
           least
           in
           their
           more
           Lucid
           Intervals
           )
           but
           the
           first
           are
           altogether
           inaccessible
           :
           we
           must
           not
           
           presume
           to
           instruct
           them
           who
           pretend
           to
           extraordinary
           Illuminations
           ,
           their
           Errors
           are
           made
           strong
           by
           their
           vanity
           ,
           they
           plead
           a
           
             Divine
             Right
          
           to
           every
           New
           Opipinion
           ,
           and
           if
           we
           approach
           them
           in
           the
           ancient
           Paths
           of
           Modesty
           and
           Humility
           ,
           they
           look
           down
           upon
           us
           with
           Scorn
           and
           Indignation
           ;
           Nay
           ,
           they
           are
           inflexible
           to
           the
           plainest
           and
           most
           convincing
           arguments
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           frequently
           ,
           with
           Grief
           and
           Sorrow
           ,
           considered
           the
           Decays
           of
           Religion
           ,
           and
           the
           Difficulties
           of
           our
           Employment
           .
           We
           must
           pull
           down
           
             strong
             Holds
          
           and
           
             lofty
             Imaginations
          
           ,
           and
           grapple
           with
           the
           rudest
           Oppositions
           ;
           the
           Avenues
           of
           Mens
           Souls
           are
           blockaded
           by
           passion
           and
           prejudices
           and
           they
           are
           fortified
           in
           their
           Error
           ,
           not
           only
           by
           the
           Corruption
           of
           their
           Nature
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           artifice
           of
           Seducers
           ,
           their
           itching
           Ears
           are
           pleased
           ,
           their
           Lusts
           are
           gratified
           ,
           their
           Passions
           are
           made
           more
           unruly
           ,
           their
           Envy
           ,
           Hatred
           ,
           and
           Malice
           are
           indulg'd
           ;
           and
           they
           are
           allow'd
           to
           distinguish
           themselves
           from
           all
           others
           by
           special
           Titles
           of
           Division
           and
           Singularity
           ,
           by
           which
           alone
           they
           think
           to
           make
           their
           Calling
           and
           Election
           sure
           .
        
         
           Yet
           notwithstanding
           that
           we
           are
           thus
           resisted
           by
           the
           Multitude
           of
           their
           Follies
           and
           Delusions
           ,
           we
           must
           not
           give
           over
           by
           
           Faintness
           and
           Despondency
           .
           We
           must
           plead
           with
           them
           ,
           who
           have
           left
           the
           Unity
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           by
           the
           words
           of
           Truth
           and
           Soberness
           ,
           and
           exhort
           others
           to
           continue
           in
           that
           Doctrine
           that
           was
           reveal'd
           by
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           taught
           by
           his
           Apostles
           ,
           and
           received
           by
           all
           Churches
           in
           the
           first
           and
           best
           Ages
           ,
           that
           the
           present
           Generation
           may
           not
           rise
           in
           Judgment
           against
           us
           for
           our
           Silence
           ,
           nor
           Posterity
           censure
           our
           Cowardice
           .
           We
           must
           not
           be
           ashamed
           of
           the
           truth
           ,
           even
           when
           it
           is
           contradicted
           with
           all
           possible
           Violence
           and
           Fury
           .
        
         
           I
           address
           this
           short
           Treatise
           to
           you
           ,
           with
           a
           design
           rather
           to
           assert
           the
           Truth
           ,
           than
           to
           reply
           to
           what
           hath
           been
           lately
           published
           by
           the
           Vindicator
           of
           the
           Kirk
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           against
           a
           certain
           Book
           ,
           Entituled
           ,
           
             Apology
             for
             the
             Clergy
          
           ,
           &c.
           though
           I
           think
           it
           necessary
           to
           make
           some
           of
           his
           Mistakes
           a
           little
           more
           apparent
           .
        
         
           There
           are
           certain
           Practices
           and
           Rituals
           received
           by
           the
           Christian
           Church
           ,
           in
           all
           Ages
           ,
           which
           are
           not
           determin'd
           expresly
           in
           the
           Holy
           Scriptures
           in
           so
           many
           Letters
           and
           Syllables
           ,
           yet
           by
           the
           plainest
           and
           most
           undeniable
           Consequences
           ,
           are
           agreeable
           to
           its
           general
           Rules
           ,
           and
           the
           Uniform
           belief
           of
           all
           Christians
           ;
           and
           they
           that
           deny
           those
           Usages
           ,
           or
           the
           Lawfulness
           of
           those
           Rituals
           ,
           venture
           upon
           untrodden
           Paths
           ,
           
           and
           do
           foolishly
           condemn
           the
           Wisdom
           of
           all
           former
           Ages
           .
        
         
           The
           special
           Providence
           of
           God
           hath
           so
           watch'd
           over
           the
           Church
           ,
           that
           ,
           since
           the
           first
           Plantations
           of
           Christianity
           ,
           we
           have
           preserved
           to
           us
           some
           Records
           and
           Monuments
           of
           its
           Doctrine
           and
           Practices
           .
           The
           Books
           of
           such
           as
           have
           been
           learn'd
           in
           every
           age
           do
           plainly
           demonstrate
           that
           the
           first
           Christians
           were
           agreed
           amongst
           themselves
           in
           the
           great
           Articles
           of
           Religion
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           general
           Rules
           of
           Ecclesiastical
           Discipline
           and
           Order
           ,
           and
           by
           this
           Uniformity
           of
           Doctrine
           and
           Rituals
           they
           strengthened
           themselves
           against
           Infidels
           and
           Hereticks
           .
           There
           is
           nothing
           more
           opposite
           to
           the
           spirit
           of
           true
           Religion
           than
           Stubborness
           and
           Petulance
           ,
           and
           when
           we
           despise
           those
           Constitutions
           that
           have
           been
           universally
           received
           amongst
           Christians
           ,
           we
           overthrow
           the
           Foundations
           of
           Peace
           and
           Charity
           ,
           and
           consequently
           we
           exclude
           our selves
           from
           the
           visible
           fellowship
           of
           Christ's
           Houshold
           and
           Family
           .
        
         
           When
           we
           consider
           the
           Schisms
           and
           Tumults
           of
           particular
           Churches
           ,
           the
           confusions
           of
           so
           many
           Revolutions
           ,
           the
           shakings
           of
           so
           many
           Nations
           ,
           the
           boldness
           and
           activity
           of
           Hereticks
           ,
           we
           have
           reason
           to
           adore
           the
           Goodness
           of
           God
           ,
           that
           so
           many
           Monuments
           of
           Ecclesiastical
           Antiquity
           
           are
           preserv'd
           ;
           and
           whatever
           is
           uniformly
           determin'd
           by
           the
           Wisest
           and
           the
           best
           of
           Christians
           (
           their
           learn'dst
           Bishops
           and
           Presbyters
           )
           must
           be
           received
           as
           the
           Infallible
           truth
           of
           God
           ,
           else
           we
           have
           no
           certain
           Standard
           to
           distinguish
           the
           Catholic
           Church
           in
           former
           Ages
           from
           the
           combinations
           of
           Hereticks
           :
           these
           are
           new
           in
           their
           several
           Errors
           and
           Delusions
           ,
           and
           upon
           that
           very
           account
           of
           their
           Novelty
           were
           expos'd
           and
           refuted
           by
           the
           Ancients
           :
           they
           neither
           agreed
           amongst
           themselves
           ,
           nor
           with
           the
           Orthodox
           .
           But
           the
           Uniform
           Voice
           of
           Christendom
           in
           the
           first
           and
           purest
           Ages
           ,
           is
           the
           best
           Key
           to
           the
           Doctrine
           and
           Practice
           of
           the
           Apostles
           and
           their
           Successors
           .
        
         
           If
           it
           appear
           then
           that
           the
           Opinions
           which
           we
           oppose
           ,
           and
           are
           propagated
           by
           the
           Presbyterian
           Societies
           are
           such
           as
           were
           never
           entertain'd
           in
           the
           Christian
           Church
           for
           fourteen
           hundred
           Years
           after
           our
           Saviour's
           Incarnation
           ,
           then
           I
           leave
           it
           to
           every
           sober
           Christian
           to
           consider
           ,
           whether
           he
           may
           safely
           continue
           in
           the
           communion
           of
           that
           Party
           that
           despises
           the
           whole
           Catholic
           Church
           both
           Ancient
           and
           Modern
           .
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             I.
             
          
           
             The
             Novelty
             and
             Insufficiency
             of
             those
             Pleas
             and
             Arguments
             managed
             by
             the
             Presbyterians
             in
             defence
             of
             their
             New
             Doctrine
             of
             Parity
             .
          
           
             THE
             first
             Opinion
             that
             I
             charge
             with
             Error
             and
             Novelty
             amongst
             our
             Country-men
             ,
             is
             this
             ,
             That
             they
             affirm
             ,
             upon
             all
             Occasions
             ,
             that
             our
             Saviour
             hath
             appointed
             his
             Church
             ,
             under
             the
             New
             Testament
             (
             whether
             Provincial
             ,
             National
             ,
             or
             Oecomenic
             )
             to
             be
             govern'd
             by
             the
             several
             classes
             of
             Presbyters
             acting
             in
             perfect
             Parity
             ,
             and
             owning
             no
             Subordination
             to
             any
             higher
             Officer
             in
             the
             Ecclesiastical
             Senate
             above
             a
             Presbyter
             in
             the
             modern
             and
             current
             Notion
             of
             the
             word
             ,
             Such
             a
             Doctrine
             must
             be
             of
             dangerous
             consequence
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             altogether
             new
             ,
             and
             never
             propagated
             in
             any
             part
             of
             the
             Christian
             Church
             until
             these
             last
             days
             of
             Separation
             and
             Singularity
             .
             In
             this
             Opinion
             they
             differ
             ,
             not
             only
             from
             the
             Uniform
             testimony
             of
             Antiquity
             ,
             but
             also
             from
             the
             first
             Presbyterians
             amongst
             ourselves
             ,
             
             who
             declare
             in
             their
             Confession
             of
             Faith
             ,
             that
             all
             Church-Polity
             is
             variable
             :
             so
             far
             they
             were
             at
             that
             time
             from
             asserting
             that
             indispensible
             ,
             divine
             ,
             and
             unalterable
             right
             of
             Parity
             .
          
           
             All
             that
             the
             first
             Presbyterians
             pleaded
             was
             ,
             that
             their
             new
             form
             was
             allowable
             ,
             and
             not
             repugnant
             to
             the
             Oeconomy
             of
             the
             New
             Testament
             and
             Primitive
             Institution
             ;
             and
             that
             it
             came
             very
             near
             to
             the
             Original
             Model
             of
             Churches
             ,
             but
             they
             never
             thought
             to
             advance
             such
             a
             bold
             and
             rash
             Assertion
             as
             to
             affirm
             ,
             That
             the
             Christain
             Church
             ,
             by
             the
             Original
             Authority
             of
             our
             Saviour
             and
             his
             Apostles
             ,
             ought
             to
             be
             govern'd
             in
             all
             Ages
             by
             a
             Parity
             of
             Presbyters
             ;
             or
             that
             there
             was
             no
             other
             Officer
             in
             the
             Church
             could
             pretend
             to
             any
             share
             of
             Ecclesiastical
             Government
             above
             a
             Presbyter
             .
          
           
             When
             a
             Society
             of
             Men
             set
             up
             for
             Divine
             ,
             Absolute
             ,
             and
             Infallible
             Right
             ,
             they
             ought
             to
             bring
             plain
             Proofs
             for
             what
             they
             say
             ,
             else
             they
             must
             needs
             be
             look'd
             upon
             as
             Impostors
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             self-conceited
             and
             designing
             Men.
             To
             propagate
             a
             Doctrine
             under
             the
             notion
             of
             a
             probable
             Opinion
             (
             though
             it
             should
             happen
             to
             be
             an
             Error
             )
             is
             consistent
             with
             Modesty
             ,
             and
             the
             practice
             of
             Learned
             Men
             in
             all
             Ages
             ;
             But
             to
             affirm
             a
             new
             Notion
             to
             be
             established
             by
             
             Divine
             Right
             ,
             and
             to
             require
             Obedience
             to
             that
             Scheme
             ,
             as
             a
             thing
             that
             is
             due
             to
             Supreme
             and
             Infallible
             Authority
             ,
             is
             much
             worse
             than
             Speculative
             Enthusiasm
             .
             If
             a
             man
             only
             entertains
             himself
             with
             his
             Visions
             and
             Fancies
             ,
             he
             alone
             suffers
             by
             it
             :
             but
             if
             I
             meet
             with
             a
             company
             of
             head-strong
             Fellows
             ,
             who
             must
             needs
             persuade
             me
             that
             they
             see
             so
             many
             Armies
             in
             the
             Air
             fighting
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             exactest
             Discipline
             of
             War
             ;
             nay
             ,
             their
             Banners
             ,
             the
             shape
             and
             colour
             of
             their
             Horses
             ,
             their
             several
             Squadrons
             ,
             and
             the
             whole
             order
             of
             their
             Encampment
             ,
             and
             will
             certainly
             knock
             me
             in
             the
             head
             unless
             I
             take
             my
             Oath
             upon
             it
             that
             I
             see
             all
             this
             ,
             who
             never
             saw
             any
             such
             thing
             in
             my
             Life
             .
             I
             think
             I
             have
             reason
             to
             complain
             that
             my
             Circumstances
             ,
             are
             very
             unlucky
             ,
             I
             had
             certainly
             rather
             fall
             into
             the
             hands
             of
             High-way-men
             ,
             than
             amongst
             those
             Spiritual
             Robbers
             ,
             who
             divest
             me
             of
             my
             Senses
             ,
             and
             the
             exercise
             of
             my
             Reason
             .
          
           
             If
             you
             inform
             our
             Country
             men
             that
             their
             New
             Doctrine
             is
             thus
             represented
             ,
             they
             will
             tell
             you
             that
             none
             but
             wicked
             men
             oppose
             their
             Government
             ;
             that
             it
             is
             Establish'd
             upon
             the
             express
             Institution
             of
             our
             Saviour
             ,
             that
             it
             hath
             been
             asserted
             and
             prov'd
             by
             several
             Learned
             Men
             of
             their
             Party
             beyond
             contradiction
             .
             But
             if
             you
             
             ask
             by
             what
             particular
             argument
             you
             may
             be
             convinc'd
             of
             the
             Truth
             of
             their
             New
             Doctrine
             ,
             then
             they
             begin
             to
             lead
             you
             into
             a
             Labyrinth
             of
             dark
             and
             intricate
             Consequences
             ,
             obscure
             and
             perplext
             Probabilities
             ;
             several
             Texts
             of
             Scripture
             they
             will
             alledge
             ,
             but
             sadly
             wrested
             and
             distorted
             from
             their
             genuine
             Meaning
             and
             Design
             ,
             and
             the
             uniform
             Suffrages
             of
             all
             the
             Ancients
             :
             And
             if
             you
             are
             not
             satisfied
             with
             such
             proofs
             as
             they
             advance
             ,
             you
             must
             be
             contented
             to
             submit
             to
             their
             Censure
             ,
             and
             the
             New
             Discipline
             must
             be
             Obey'd
             where-ever
             their
             Power
             is
             equal
             to
             their
             Pretences
             .
          
           
             I
             can
             give
             you
             but
             a
             short
             History
             of
             their
             Arguments
             by
             which
             they
             endeavour
             to
             Establish
             their
             Divine
             Right
             of
             Parity
             .
             When
             you
             read
             their
             Books
             I
             think
             all
             their
             pleas
             of
             whatever
             kind
             or
             force
             may
             be
             reduc'd
             to
             these
             three
             heads
             .
             First
             ,
             either
             they
             pretend
             that
             this
             Parity
             of
             Presbyters
             is
             expresly
             commanded
             by
             our
             Saviour
             ;
             or
             ,
             secondly
             ,
             They
             endeavour
             to
             support
             it
             by
             consequences
             from
             several
             Texts
             of
             Scripture
             ;
             or
             thirdly
             ,
             from
             the
             Testimonies
             of
             the
             ancient
             Writers
             of
             the
             Church
             .
          
           
             First
             I
             say
             ,
             they
             pretend
             that
             this
             Parity
             of
             Presbyters
             (
             exclusive
             of
             the
             Superiority
             or
             Jurisdiction
             of
             a
             Bishop
             )
             is
             
             expresly
             commanded
             by
             our
             Saviour
             .
             This
             indeed
             promises
             veryfair
             ;
             For
             if
             our
             Saviour
             hath
             plainly
             and
             positively
             Commanded
             that
             Ecclesiastical
             Affairs
             shall
             be
             managed
             in
             all
             Churches
             and
             Ages
             
               communi
               Presbytero'um
               consilio
            
             ,
             and
             by
             such
             a
             College
             of
             Presbyters
             as
             excludes
             the
             Authority
             and
             Jurisdiction
             of
             a
             Bishop
             ,
             then
             ,
             without
             all
             Controversie
             ,
             all
             Christians
             are
             oblig'd
             to
             submit
             to
             it
             .
             The
             Consequence
             is
             plain
             and
             undeniable
             ;
             and
             because
             our
             Country-men
             do
             insist
             upon
             this
             more
             frequently
             than
             any
             of
             the
             foreign
             Presbyterians
             ,
             we
             ought
             to
             hear
             them
             calmly
             and
             deliberately
             ;
             and
             when
             they
             plead
             the
             Authority
             of
             our
             Blessed
             Saviour
             we
             must
             view
             those
             Texts
             with
             reverence
             and
             attention
             ,
             and
             see
             if
             any
             thing
             can
             be
             inferred
             from
             them
             that
             may
             probably
             support
             the
             now
             Scheme
             of
             Presbytery
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Parallel
               Texts
               of
               Scripture
               are
               ,
               Matth.
               20.
               25.
               
            
             
             But
             Jesus
             called
             them
             unto
             him
             and
             said
             ,
             ye
             know
             that
             the
             Princes
             of
             the
             Gentiles
             exercise
             dominion
             over
             them
             ,
             and
             they
             that
             are
             great
             exercise
             authority
             upon
             them
             .
             
               v.
               26.
            
             
             But
             it
             shall
             not
             be
             so
             great
             among
             you
             ,
             but
             whosoever
             will
             be
             great
             among
             you
             ,
             let
             him
             be
             your
             Minister
             .
             
               V.
               27.
            
             
             And
             whosoever
             will
             be
             chief
             among
             you
             ,
             let
             him
             be
             your
             servant
             .
             
               v.
               28
            
             .
             Even
             as
             the
             Son
             of
             Man
             came
             not
             to
             be
             ministred
             unto
             but
             to
             minister
             ,
             and
             to
             give
             
             his
             life
             a
             ransom
             for
             many
             .
             See
             also
             Mark
             10.
             v.
             42
             ,
             43
             ,
             44
             ,
             45.
             and
             Luke
             22.
             25.
             
             From
             these
             parallel
             Places
             they
             plead
             ,
             that
             the
             Officers
             of
             Chirist's
             House
             were
             by
             his
             own
             express
             .
             Command
             establish'd
             in
             a
             perfect
             Equality
             ,
             even
             in
             such
             a
             Parity
             as
             excludes
             the
             Power
             and
             Jurisdiction
             of
             any
             higher
             Order
             than
             that
             of
             a
             Presbyter
             in
             the
             modern
             Notion
             .
          
           
             Let
             us
             now
             examine
             ,
             whether
             there
             be
             any
             Foundation
             for
             their
             Inference
             in
             the
             Texts
             last
             mentioned
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             first
             place
             ,
             we
             find
             that
             our
             Blessed
             Saviour
             supposes
             Degrees
             of
             Subordination
             amongst
             his
             own
             Disciples
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             all
             other
             Societies
             ,
             and
             therefore
             he
             directs
             the
             Ecclesiasticks
             ,
             who
             would
             climb
             to
             the
             Highest
             Places
             in
             the
             Church
             ,
             to
             take
             other
             Methods
             than
             those
             that
             are
             most
             usual
             amongst
             the
             Grandees
             of
             the
             World
             :
             He
             that
             deserved
             Preferment
             in
             the
             Church
             was
             to
             be
             the
             Servant
             of
             all
             ,
             so
             that
             this
             Text
             refers
             to
             the
             Method
             of
             Promotion
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             the
             Extirpation
             of
             their
             Jurisdiction
             .
             They
             were
             not
             to
             aspire
             to
             Honour
             and
             Dignity
             by
             Force
             and
             Violence
             ,
             or
             the
             other
             Arts
             that
             are
             so
             fashionable
             in
             Secular
             Courts
             ,
             but
             rather
             by
             all
             the
             Acts
             of
             Modesty
             ,
             Humility
             ,
             and
             Self-denial
             .
          
           
           
             Next
             ,
             let
             me
             ask
             ,
             whether
             the
             Apostles
             understood
             this
             Precept
             of
             our
             Saviour
             in
             the
             sense
             of
             our
             Adversaries
             or
             not
             .
             If
             they
             did
             ,
             (
             as
             it
             is
             alledg'd
             )
             how
             came
             they
             to
             exercise
             Jurisdiction
             over
             all
             Subordinate
             Ecclesiasticks
             ,
             during
             their
             Life
             time
             ,
             in
             all
             the
             Churches
             they
             Planted
             ?
             Did
             they
             go
             cross
             to
             the
             Institution
             of
             our
             Saviour
             ,
             who
             perfectly
             understood
             his
             meaning
             ,
             and
             to
             whom
             the
             Precept
             was
             Originally
             delivered
             .
          
           
             But
             that
             which
             Baffles
             and
             Exposes
             this
             Argument
             to
             all
             Intents
             and
             Purposes
             ,
             is
             this
             ,
             that
             he
             did
             that
             himself
             among
             them
             ,
             which
             now
             he
             commanded
             them
             to
             do
             to
             one
             another
             ,
             and
             therefore
             the
             doing
             of
             this
             towards
             one
             another
             in
             Obedience
             to
             the
             Command
             now
             under
             consideration
             ,
             could
             not
             infer
             a
             Parity
             ,
             unless
             they
             Blasphemously
             infer
             that
             Christ
             and
             his
             Apostles
             were
             equal
             :
             for
             when
             you
             read
             the
             Text
             with
             attention
             ,
             you
             see
             that
             our
             Saviour
             recommends
             what
             he
             Enjoyns
             from
             his
             own
             Constant
             and
             Visible
             Practice
             amongst
             them
             ,
             viz.
             that
             he
             himself
             ,
             who
             was
             their
             
               Lord
               and
               Master
            
             ,
             was
             their
             Servant
             ,
             and
             therefore
             it
             became
             the
             Greatest
             among
             them
             ,
             in
             imitation
             of
             him
             ,
             to
             be
             Modest
             ,
             Calm
             ,
             and
             Humble
             towards
             all
             their
             Subordinate
             Brethren
             ,
             and
             this
             qualify'd
             them
             
             more
             than
             any
             other
             thing
             for
             Ecclesiastical
             Promotions
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             very
             sad
             that
             any
             should
             be
             so
             much
             Infatuated
             with
             their
             new
             Schems
             of
             Parity
             ,
             as
             to
             alledge
             such
             Texts
             ,
             which
             (
             if
             understood
             in
             their
             Sense
             )
             Degrades
             our
             Blessed
             Saviour
             to
             the
             Degree
             of
             one
             of
             his
             Disciples
             ;
             for
             what
             he
             Commanded
             the
             Apostles
             ,
             he
             Practised
             among
             them
             himself
             .
             And
             this
             is
             the
             strongest
             Motive
             to
             engage
             their
             Obedience
             ;
             therefore
             I
             may
             reasonably
             infer
             ,
             that
             whatever
             it
             was
             that
             our
             Saviour
             commanded
             in
             those
             places
             of
             Scripture
             ,
             it
             must
             of
             necessity
             be
             
               toto
               coelo
            
             different
             from
             all
             Parity
             and
             Equality
             .
             He
             Commanded
             them
             ,
             that
             they
             should
             not
             exercise
             their
             Jurisdiction
             as
             the
             Lords
             of
             the
             Gentiles
             did
             ,
             by
             a
             Spirit
             of
             Pride
             and
             Domination
             ,
             but
             rather
             by
             the
             more
             Christian
             and
             engaging
             Behaviour
             of
             Charity
             and
             Humility
             .
             He
             that
             was
             to
             be
             the
             Greatest
             among
             them
             ,
             was
             to
             be
             their
             Servant
             ,
             in
             Imitation
             of
             that
             Heavenly
             Patern
             that
             was
             set
             them
             by
             our
             Blessed
             Lord
             and
             Saviour
             .
             S.
             Paul
             thought
             himself
             oblig'd
             to
             answer
             his
             Episcopal
             Character
             after
             this
             manner
             ,
             when
             the
             Care
             of
             all
             the
             Churches
             lay
             upon
             him
             ,
             when
             he
             employ'd
             his
             Apostolical
             Power
             to
             promote
             the
             Edification
             of
             all
             Men
             :
             
             and
             all
             the
             Fathers
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             who
             were
             advanc'd
             above
             their
             Brethren
             to
             Ecclesiastical
             Power
             and
             Jurisdiction
             ,
             had
             this
             Evangelical
             Notion
             of
             their
             Dignity
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             the
             Servants
             of
             all
             others
             .
          
           
             From
             what
             hath
             been
             said
             one
             may
             easily
             see
             ,
             that
             there
             is
             no
             Ground
             ,
             no
             not
             a
             Shadow
             of
             any
             Argument
             for
             the
             New
             Doctrine
             in
             these
             Texts
             of
             Scripture
             .
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             that
             Salmasius
             glances
             at
             this
             way
             of
             Reasoning
             in
             his
             
               Walo
               Messalinus
            
             ,
             but
             he
             lays
             no
             great
             stress
             upon
             it
             .
             That
             which
             is
             most
             to
             our
             purpose
             is
             ,
             
             that
             Beza
             himself
             ,
             in
             his
             larger
             Notes
             upon
             the
             New
             Testament
             ,
             asserts
             ,
             that
             all
             kind
             of
             Jurisdiction
             is
             not
             forbidden
             in
             these
             Texts
             ,
             but
             that
             only
             which
             is
             joyn'd
             with
             imperious
             Bitterness
             and
             Domination
             .
          
           
             Let
             it
             be
             further
             considered
             ,
             that
             the
             Hierarchy
             and
             Subordination
             of
             Priests
             was
             Established
             by
             Divine
             Authority
             in
             the
             lewish
             Church
             :
             and
             if
             our
             Saviour
             had
             pull'd
             down
             that
             ancient
             Polity
             ,
             and
             commanded
             an
             Equality
             amongst
             the
             Presbyters
             of
             the
             New
             Testament
             ,
             he
             would
             not
             have
             stated
             the
             Opposition
             between
             his
             own
             Disciples
             and
             the
             Lords
             of
             the
             Gentiles
             ,
             but
             rather
             between
             the
             Priests
             of
             the
             Mosaie
             Oeconomy
             and
             the
             
             Disciples
             of
             the
             New
             Testament
             .
             When
             he
             reprov'd
             the
             corrupt
             glosses
             that
             were
             introduc'd
             into
             the
             Church
             by
             the
             Scribes
             and
             Pharisees
             ,
             and
             taught
             them
             Purer
             and
             more
             Heavenly
             Strains
             of
             Morality
             ,
             he
             states
             the
             Opposition
             between
             the
             current
             Doctrine
             receiv'd
             amongst
             the
             Jews
             ,
             and
             that
             which
             he
             himself
             Taught
             and
             Recommended
             ;
             and
             there
             is
             no
             doubt
             to
             be
             made
             ,
             if
             he
             had
             forbidden
             the
             several
             Degrees
             and
             Subordinations
             of
             Priests
             ,
             and
             Established
             a
             perfect
             Equality
             ,
             he
             would
             have
             stated
             a
             plain
             Opposition
             between
             the
             Model
             of
             the
             Temple
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             Plat-form
             that
             was
             to
             succeed
             in
             the
             Christian
             Church
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             other
             Text
             that
             is
             ordinarily
             cited
             to
             serve
             the
             same
             design
             ,
             1
             Pet.
             5.2
             ,
             3.
             
             It
             is
             but
             the
             Apostle's
             Commentary
             on
             our
             Saviour's
             Words
             and
             Commandment
             ,
             and
             it
             forbids
             the
             Spirit
             of
             Pride
             and
             Insolence
             ,
             as
             a
             thing
             very
             unsuitable
             to
             all
             Power
             and
             Authority
             in
             the
             Church
             .
             Thus
             such
             Texts
             have
             been
             understood
             from
             the
             beginning
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             one
             strong
             Prejudice
             against
             the
             new
             Exposition
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             never
             heard
             of
             until
             these
             latter
             days
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             If
             the
             Presbyterians
             cannot
             Establish
             their
             
               Divine
               Right
            
             upon
             express
             Texts
             of
             Scripture
             ,
             they
             will
             support
             it
             
             (
             as
             they
             think
             )
             by
             the
             Clearest
             and
             most
             immediate
             Consequence
             ,
             and
             this
             is
             Equivalent
             to
             the
             most
             Positive
             Command
             and
             Institution
             .
             
             The
             Argument
             from
             the
             Identity
             of
             Bishop
             and
             Presbyter
             fill
             all
             their
             Books
             from
             top
             to
             bottom
             :
             And
             if
             this
             be
             in
             it self
             Lame
             and
             Sophistical
             ,
             
             they
             must
             despair
             to
             Establish
             the
             pretended
             Equality
             of
             Presbyters
             in
             the
             Ecclesiastical
             Government
             .
             
          
           
             The
             Argument
             most
             insisted
             on
             in
             favour
             of
             their
             Parity
             ,
             (
             exclusive
             of
             Episcopal
             Jurisdiction
             )
             is
             built
             upon
             the
             Homonomy
             of
             Bishop
             and
             Presbyter
             in
             the
             Language
             of
             the
             New
             Testament
             ,
             or
             because
             the
             Clergy
             are
             Dichotomiz'd
             only
             into
             Bishops
             and
             Deacons
             in
             some
             Texts
             of
             Scripture
             ,
             and
             in
             some
             Ancient
             Writers
             of
             the
             Primitive
             Church
             .
             Hence
             they
             exclude
             the
             Authority
             of
             a
             Bishop
             above
             a
             Presbyter
             ,
             though
             the
             Offices
             themselves
             be
             as
             much
             distinguished
             as
             is
             possible
             in
             several
             Texts
             of
             the
             New
             Testament
             .
             And
             if
             this
             Argument
             alone
             appear
             Childish
             and
             Sophistical
             ,
             they
             have
             not
             another
             Sanctuary
             to
             flee
             to
             ;
             so
             my
             present
             Business
             is
             to
             Examine
             the
             force
             of
             it
             .
             
             There
             is
             not
             one
             of
             their
             number
             with
             whom
             you
             Engage
             in
             this
             Controversie
             ,
             but
             immediately
             he
             will
             tell
             you
             ,
             that
             there
             is
             no
             distinction
             
             between
             Bishop
             and
             Presbyter
             in
             the
             Scriptures
             ,
             and
             therefore
             they
             conclude
             that
             their
             Argument
             
               a
               Confusione
               Nominum
            
             against
             the
             Superiority
             of
             a
             Bishop
             is
             very
             Solid
             and
             Demonstrative
             .
             To
             this
             purpose
             they
             cite
             Act.
             20.
             17.
             28.
             
             Philip.
             1.1
             .
             1
             Tim.
             3.
             and
             several
             other
             places
             .
          
           
             Whether
             a
             Bishop
             be
             of
             a
             Higher
             Order
             than
             a
             Presbyter
             does
             not
             now
             fall
             under
             our
             Enquiry
             ,
             nor
             is
             it
             in
             it self
             very
             material
             .
             Sometimes
             they
             might
             be
             consider'd
             of
             the
             same
             Order
             with
             regard
             to
             the
             Priesthood
             common
             to
             either
             ,
             by
             which
             both
             Bishops
             and
             Presbyters
             were
             distinguish'd
             from
             the
             body
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             other
             Subordinate
             Officers
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             though
             at
             other
             times
             ,
             when
             Authority
             and
             Jurisdiction
             is
             nam'd
             ,
             the
             Bishop
             ,
             (
             with
             regard
             to
             his
             Dignity
             and
             Power
             )
             is
             always
             reckon'd
             above
             a
             Presbyter
             .
          
           
             Here
             we
             are
             carefully
             to
             Observe
             ,
             that
             when
             the
             Inspir'd
             Writers
             Dichotomiz'd
             the
             Clergy
             into
             two
             Orders
             ,
             they
             but
             follow'd
             the
             Dialect
             and
             Example
             of
             the
             Jews
             ,
             who
             thus
             divided
             their
             Ministers
             also
             into
             Priests
             and
             Levites
             ,
             though
             the
             Highest
             Order
             was
             again
             Subdivided
             both
             by
             the
             Jews
             and
             the
             Christians
             ,
             when
             the
             Priests
             were
             consider'd
             with
             regard
             
             to
             that
             Subordination
             establish'd
             among
             themselves
             ,
             and
             without
             any
             regard
             to
             the
             Body
             of
             the
             People
             .
             This
             is
             very
             agreeable
             to
             the
             Language
             of
             the
             Ancient
             Jews
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             to
             the
             Idiom
             of
             the
             
               Hellenistical
               Tribes
            
             of
             the
             Apostolical
             Age
             :
             The
             first
             confounded
             the
             name
             of
             the
             
               High
               Priest
            
             with
             that
             of
             a
             Priest
             ,
             without
             any
             other
             distinguishing
             Charcteristic
             or
             Discrimination
             .
             For
             Proof
             of
             this
             see
             
               Levit.
               1.
               7
               ,
               8.
            
             
             
             And
             the
             Sons
             of
             Aaron
             the
             Priest
             shall
             put
             fire
             upon
             the
             Altar
             ,
             and
             lay
             the
             wood
             in
             order
             upon
             the
             fire
             .
             v.
             8.
             
             And
             the
             Priests
             Aaron's
             Sons
             shall
             lay
             the
             parts
             ,
             the
             head
             and
             the
             fat
             in
             order
             upon
             the
             wood
             that
             is
             on
             the
             fire
             which
             is
             upon
             the
             Altar
             .
          
           
             Here
             we
             plainly
             find
             that
             in
             the
             first
             Establishment
             of
             the
             Mosaic
             Oeconomy
             (
             in
             which
             the
             Patriarchal
             Subordination
             of
             Priests
             was
             still
             retain'd
             )
             the
             High
             Priest
             is
             nam'd
             by
             the
             same
             appellative
             (
             without
             any
             distinction
             of
             Order
             or
             Jurisdiction
             )
             that
             the
             other
             Priests
             were
             nam'd
             by
             :
             and
             the
             Title
             of
             a
             Priest
             was
             promiseuously
             apply'd
             ,
             without
             any
             distinction
             or
             marks
             of
             Eminence
             to
             the
             High
             Priest
             as
             well
             as
             to
             the
             Subordinate
             .
             Yet
             it
             was
             never
             question'd
             but
             that
             there
             were
             extraordinary
             Privileges
             and
             Dignities
             reserv'd
             to
             the
             
               High
               Priest
            
             amongst
             
             the
             Jews
             ,
             though
             thus
             plac'd
             amongst
             the
             other
             Priests
             without
             any
             Nominal
             Distinction
             :
             nor
             do
             we
             find
             the
             Title
             of
             
               High
               Priest
            
             ever
             affix'd
             to
             the
             particular
             name
             of
             Aaron
             or
             Eleazar
             in
             all
             the
             Pentateuch
             ,
             nor
             is
             the
             word
             High-Priest
             it self
             mention'd
             in
             the
             Books
             of
             Moses
             ,
             but
             either
             twice
             or
             thrice
             ,
             and
             that
             only
             with
             regard
             to
             the
             Administration
             of
             after
             days
             .
             Yet
             this
             Homonomy
             of
             names
             could
             not
             be
             reasonably
             pleaded
             then
             against
             the
             Subordination
             of
             other
             Priests
             to
             Aaron
             ,
             nor
             against
             the
             Deference
             due
             to
             his
             Pontifical
             Character
             .
             Was
             it
             then
             to
             be
             expected
             that
             the
             Apostles
             or
             Apostolical
             Men
             (
             when
             they
             occasionally
             mention'd
             the
             Presbyters
             of
             the
             New
             Testament
             )
             might
             not
             make
             use
             of
             the
             currant
             Language
             and
             Pharaseology
             of
             their
             own
             Country-men
             ,
             who
             divided
             their
             Clergy
             into
             Priests
             and
             Levites
             ,
             as
             if
             there
             were
             no
             more
             but
             two
             Orders
             ,
             even
             when
             the
             meanest
             of
             the
             Jews
             knew
             that
             the
             Dignity
             of
             the
             
               High
               Priest
            
             was
             very
             honourable
             and
             distinguish'd
             from
             all
             Subordinate
             Priests
             by
             all
             marks
             of
             Eminence
             and
             Authority
             ?
          
           
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             Hagiographical
             and
             Prophetical
             Writings
             ,
             the
             High
             Priest
             is
             very
             frequently
             distinguish'd
             by
             his
             Proper
             and
             Special
             Character
             ;
             yet
             in
             the
             
             beginning
             of
             the
             
               Jewish
               Oeconomy
            
             neither
             Aaron
             nor
             Eleazar
             were
             called
             High-Priests
             when
             they
             are
             particularly
             nam'd
             ,
             and
             if
             in
             those
             days
             any
             had
             been
             so
             mad
             as
             to
             have
             infer'd
             from
             this
             
               confusio
               Nominum
            
             an
             Equality
             between
             all
             Priests
             ,
             he
             would
             certainly
             have
             been
             expos'd
             :
             for
             the
             Offices
             themselves
             were
             sufficiently
             distinguish'd
             by
             those
             
               Special
               Ministries
            
             and
             Jurisdictions
             that
             were
             peculiarly
             appropriated
             to
             the
             one
             ,
             and
             deny'd
             to
             the
             other
             ,
             such
             as
             were
             visible
             to
             the
             observation
             of
             the
             meanest
             among
             the
             Jews
             .
          
           
             We
             do
             not
             at
             all
             deny
             but
             that
             Bishops
             might
             be
             call'd
             Presbyters
             in
             the
             days
             of
             the
             Apostles
             ,
             and
             justly
             so
             too
             ,
             though
             they
             had
             other
             Presbyters
             under
             their
             Government
             and
             Inspection
             :
             for
             the
             use
             of
             the
             Word
             Presbyter
             was
             another
             thing
             then
             than
             now
             ,
             if
             we
             consider
             it
             in
             its
             full
             Latitude
             and
             Extent
             ▪
             With
             us
             it
             signifies
             such
             Priests
             as
             assist
             the
             Bishop
             in
             his
             Ecclesiastical
             Administrations
             ,
             and
             are
             accountable
             to
             him
             for
             their
             Performances
             :
             And
             though
             all
             Presbyters
             are
             not
             Bishops
             ,
             yet
             all
             Bishops
             are
             Presbyters
             ;
             and
             to
             infer
             an
             Equality
             of
             Offices
             from
             the
             promiscuous
             Use
             of
             Names
             ,
             I
             think
             ,
             is
             neither
             good
             Logick
             nor
             good
             History
             .
          
           
           
             We
             do
             not
             now
             Plead
             ,
             (
             as
             some
             Ignorant
             People
             may
             pretend
             )
             that
             there
             ought
             to
             be
             Bishop
             above
             Presbyters
             because
             there
             was
             a
             
               High
               Priest
            
             among
             the
             Jews
             ,
             but
             rather
             thus
             ,
             that
             the
             Hierarchy
             that
             obtain'd
             in
             the
             Patriarchal
             and
             
               Jewish
               Oeconomy
            
             was
             never
             abrogated
             in
             the
             New
             ;
             and
             though
             we
             meet
             with
             the
             same
             Dichotomies
             of
             the
             Clergy
             in
             the
             New
             Testament
             ,
             as
             are
             frequently
             seen
             in
             the
             Old
             ,
             we
             ought
             not
             to
             conclude
             from
             thence
             ,
             that
             there
             was
             an
             Equality
             among
             them
             of
             the
             Higher
             Order
             in
             that
             Division
             ,
             no
             more
             than
             there
             was
             a
             Parity
             amongst
             the
             Priests
             of
             the
             Old
             Testment
             ,
             for
             that
             same
             Highest
             Order
             ,
             or
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             was
             again
             divided
             into
             two
             ,
             viz.
             the
             Supream
             and
             Subordinate
             .
          
           
             And
             not
             only
             they
             ,
             but
             the
             Jews
             also
             of
             the
             Apostolical
             Age
             divided
             their
             Clergy
             into
             two
             Classes
             when
             they
             spoke
             of
             them
             ,
             only
             as
             in
             Opposition
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             they
             made
             no
             other
             distinction
             amongst
             them
             than
             that
             of
             Priests
             and
             Levites
             :
             But
             then
             again
             ,
             upon
             other
             Occasions
             they
             Subdivided
             the
             Priests
             into
             the
             Highest
             and
             Subordinate
             Order
             ,
             
             when
             they
             consider'd
             the
             Hierarchy
             in
             it self
             ,
             and
             distinguish'd
             every
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             of
             the
             Priesthood
             from
             one
             another
             ,
             of
             this
             we
             have
             clear
             Instances
             from
             Philo
             the
             Jew
             .
          
           
           
             Was
             it
             not
             then
             reasonable
             ,
             that
             the
             Apostles
             should
             speak
             the
             Language
             of
             the
             Age
             in
             which
             they
             lived
             ,
             and
             that
             of
             their
             Predecessors
             ?
             Whether
             then
             the
             Clergy
             be
             divided
             into
             their
             several
             Classes
             by
             a
             Biparite
             or
             Triparite
             division
             ,
             both
             is
             very
             Agreeable
             to
             the
             Custom
             of
             the
             Jews
             .
             If
             they
             compar'd
             the
             Priests
             amongst
             themselves
             ,
             and
             reckon'd
             up
             their
             Distinctions
             and
             Subordinations
             to
             one
             another
             ,
             then
             they
             were
             Divided
             by
             a
             Tipartite
             Division
             ;
             but
             if
             they
             spoke
             of
             them
             with
             regard
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             then
             the
             Bipartite
             Division
             was
             more
             Convenient
             so
             that
             the
             Community
             of
             Names
             was
             very
             observable
             when
             the
             Offices
             themselves
             were
             as
             truly
             Separated
             and
             Distinguished
             a
             they
             could
             be
             .
             In
             like
             manner
             the
             first
             Presbyter
             ,
             or
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             in
             the
             Apostolical
             Age
             ,
             he
             that
             was
             Vested
             with
             a
             Prostasia
             ,
             was
             a
             much
             above
             the
             Subordinate
             Presbyters
             as
             the
             High-Priest
             among
             the
             Jews
             was
             above
             other
             Priests
             ,
             with
             whom
             nevertheless
             he
             was
             frequently
             Subordinate
             Presbuyters
             as
             the
             
               High
               Priest
            
             among
             the
             Jews
             was
             above
             other
             Priests
             ,
             with
             whom
             nevertheless
             he
             was
             frequently
             Ranked
             ,
             without
             any
             Nominal
             Distinction
             or
             Discrimination
             .
          
           
             Nay
             Salmasius
             himself
             grants
             ,
             that
             even
             when
             the
             pretended
             Equality
             prevail'd
             ,
             
             there
             was
             a
             Praeses
             to
             whom
             the
             Protocathedria
             ,
             or
             
               Locus
               in
               Cosessu
               Primarius
            
             ,
             was
             constantly
             due
             ,
             and
             that
             during
             life
             .
             
             And
             there
             are
             such
             mainfest
             and
             palpable
             Evidences
             of
             this
             peculiar
             Honour
             and
             Jurisdiction
             due
             to
             the
             one
             of
             the
             Ecclesiastical
             Senate
             in
             the
             Apostolical
             Age
             ,
             that
             the
             Learned'st
             Sticklers
             for
             Parity
             cannot
             deny
             it
             .
             The
             Apocalyptic
             Angels
             (
             amongst
             whom
             we
             justly
             reckon
             S.
             Polycarp
             Bishop
             of
             Smyrna
             )
             the
             Epistles
             to
             Timothy
             and
             Titus
             ,
             and
             the
             Catalogues
             of
             Bishops
             suceeding
             the
             Apostles
             in
             several
             Sees
             ,
             (
             gathered
             at
             least
             towards
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             (
             Second
             Century
             )
             make
             it
             Evident
             beyond
             all
             Contradiction
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             impossible
             to
             let
             us
             see
             from
             any
             Ancient
             Record
             either
             Genuine
             or
             Suppositious
             ,
             that
             there
             was
             ever
             any
             thing
             of
             Moment
             Canonically
             determin'd
             in
             the
             Ecclesiastical
             Meetings
             without
             their
             Bishop
             his
             particular
             Advice
             and
             Authority
             .
             And
             since
             
               Clemens
               Romanus
               ,
               Origen
            
             ,
             and
             S.
             Cyprian
             do
             compare
             the
             Evangelical
             Priesthood
             and
             Ministrations
             with
             the
             Aaronical
             ,
             how
             is
             it
             that
             we
             can
             pretend
             to
             Conclude
             an
             Equality
             amongst
             the
             Presbyters
             of
             the
             New
             Testament
             from
             the
             Dichotomies
             us'd
             in
             Christian
             Writings
             ,
             no
             more
             than
             we
             can
             Dream
             of
             a
             Parity
             among
             the
             Jewish
             Priests
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             frequently
             Dichotomiz'd
             ,
             especially
             since
             the
             Ancient
             who
             sometimes
             divide
             the
             Clergy
             only
             into
             two
             Orders
             ,
             
             do
             again
             upon
             other
             occasions
             Subdivide
             the
             Highest
             Order
             ,
             and
             distinguish
             the
             Bishop
             from
             all
             Subordinate
             Presbyters
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             that
             
               Clemens
               Romanus
            
             a
             Writer
             of
             the
             Apostolical
             Age
             ,
             Divides
             the
             Clergy
             into
             two
             Orders
             ,
             but
             so
             he
             Divides
             also
             the
             Jewish
             Ministers
             of
             the
             Sanctuary
             into
             Priests
             and
             Levites
             ,
             which
             no
             Man
             will
             allow
             as
             a
             Proof
             of
             the
             Equality
             of
             Priests
             under
             the
             Old
             Testament
             ;
             but
             I
             shall
             have
             Opportunity
             hereafter
             to
             consider
             the
             Testimony
             alledg'd
             by
             Blondel
             from
             S.
             
             Clemens's
             Epistle
             to
             the
             Corinthians
             more
             particularly
             in
             its
             proper
             Place
             .
             I
             have
             formerly
             said
             ,
             that
             the
             most
             Ancient
             Writers
             ,
             who
             Dichotomize
             the
             Clergy
             when
             they
             speak
             of
             them
             with
             regard
             to
             the
             Laity
             ,
             do
             yet
             distinguish
             them
             by
             a
             Tripartite
             Division
             ,
             when
             the
             Hierarchy
             is
             consider'd
             in
             it self
             ,
             and
             with
             regard
             to
             that
             Prostasia
             and
             Jurisdiction
             which
             distinguishes
             one
             Priest
             from
             another
             .
             
             Tertullian
             in
             his
             Book
             
               de
               Baptismo
            
             ,
             hath
             these
             Words
             ,
             
               Jus
               quidem
               dandi
               baptismum
               habet
               summus
               Sacerdos
               qui
               est
               Episcopus
               ,
               dehinc
               Presbyteri
               &
               Diaconi
               ,
               non
               tamen
               sine
               Episcopi
               Authoritate
               ,
               quâ
               salvâ
               salva
               pax
               est
               :
            
             Yet
             Monsieur
             Blondel
             runs
             away
             with
             another
             Testimony
             cited
             from
             his
             Apologeticks
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             had
             found
             there
             a
             perfect
             
             Equality
             of
             Presbyters
             ,
             because
             the
             Seniores
             are
             said
             to
             be
             in
             the
             Government
             ,
             than
             which
             there
             cannot
             be
             a
             more
             absurd
             Consequence
             ,
             for
             he
             neither
             affirm'd
             that
             those
             Seniores
             were
             all
             Equal
             among
             themselves
             ,
             nor
             is
             it
             certain
             ,
             whether
             by
             the
             Seniores
             he
             understood
             all
             Presbyters
             in
             General
             ,
             or
             those
             only
             who
             were
             advanc'd
             to
             the
             Episcopal
             Dignity
             ;
             for
             it
             was
             no
             part
             of
             his
             Business
             in
             an
             Apology
             Address'd
             to
             the
             Heathens
             to
             insist
             on
             the
             Subordinations
             of
             one
             Priest
             unto
             another
             ,
             for
             he
             only
             pleaded
             that
             there
             was
             nothing
             in
             the
             Christian
             Meetings
             contrary
             to
             the
             strictest
             Rules
             of
             Morality
             and
             Decency
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             were
             Men
             of
             Approv'd
             and
             Exemplary
             Lives
             ,
             who
             were
             advanc'd
             to
             any
             share
             of
             the
             Ecclesiastical
             Government
             .
          
           
             
               Clemens
               Alexandrinus
            
             is
             brought
             as
             a
             Witness
             to
             serve
             the
             same
             Design
             ,
             
             but
             then
             unluckily
             he
             reckons
             up
             the
             three
             Orders
             of
             the
             Clergy
             ,
             and
             calls
             them
             
               Imitations
               of
               the
               Angelical
               Glory
            
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Upon
             this
             Occasion
             it
             is
             needless
             to
             name
             S.
             Cyprian
             ,
             who
             Asserts
             the
             Jurisdiction
             and
             Prerogative
             of
             the
             Episcopal
             Power
             upon
             all
             Occasions
             with
             great
             Courage
             and
             Assurance
             ;
             and
             S.
             Polycarp
             the
             Famous
             Doctor
             of
             the
             Asiatic
             Church
             ,
             
             Bishop
             of
             Smyrna
             ,
             and
             Disciple
             of
             Saint
             John
             ,
             who
             flourish'd
             long
             before
             S.
             Cyprian
             ,
             though
             he
             Divides
             the
             Clergy
             into
             two
             Orders
             in
             his
             Epistle
             to
             the
             Philippians
             ,
             yet
             he
             honourably
             mentions
             and
             recommends
             the
             Epistles
             of
             S.
             Ignatius
             ,
             in
             which
             the
             Apostolical
             Hierarchy
             of
             Bishop
             ,
             Presbyter
             ,
             and
             Deacon
             is
             so
             often
             and
             so
             expresly
             mention'd
             :
             and
             S.
             Polycarp
             in
             the
             Epigraphe
             of
             that
             Epistle
             distinguishes
             himself
             from
             his
             Subordinate
             Presbyters
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Modest
             and
             Usual
             S●ile
             of
             those
             days
             ,
             
               Pelycarp
               and
               the
               Presbyters
               that
               are
               with
               him
               ,
            
             who
             ,
             if
             he
             had
             stood
             on
             a
             Level
             with
             those
             Presbyters
             ,
             would
             never
             have
             distinguish'd
             himself
             from
             the
             Community
             of
             his
             Brethren
             by
             his
             proper
             Name
             plac'd
             at
             such
             a
             distance
             ,
             yet
             with
             Visible
             (
             but
             very
             Modest
             )
             Marks
             of
             Distiction
             and
             Precedence
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             humble
             Practice
             of
             those
             Glorious
             Martyrs
             .
          
           
             From
             what
             hath
             been
             said
             ,
             it
             is
             very
             evident
             ,
             that
             there
             can
             be
             nothing
             more
             Foolish
             and
             Extravagant
             than
             to
             conclude
             a
             Parity
             among
             Priests
             ,
             because
             some
             Ancient
             Christians
             us'd
             the
             Jewish
             Phraseology
             ,
             for
             even
             these
             upon
             other
             Occasions
             frequently
             Assert
             the
             Jurisdiction
             of
             one
             Bishop
             over
             many
             Presbyters
             :
             and
             Hermas
             ,
             who
             was
             Contemporary
             
             with
             
               Clemens
               Romanus
            
             ,
             reproves
             the
             Ambition
             of
             some
             in
             his
             own
             time
             ,
             who
             strove
             for
             the
             first
             Dignity
             and
             Preferment
             .
             And
             if
             there
             was
             no
             such
             Precedence
             then
             in
             the
             Church
             ,
             there
             was
             no
             ground
             for
             his
             Reprehension
             .
             
          
           
             The
             sum
             of
             these
             Reasonings
             amounts
             to
             this
             ,
             that
             when
             the
             Hellenist
             Jews
             would
             distinguish
             the
             High-Priest
             from
             the
             Levites
             ,
             they
             thought
             the
             common
             Name
             of
             a
             priest
             was
             sufficient
             ,
             *
             as
             is
             evident
             from
             several
             places
             in
             Phylo
             the
             Jew
             .
             And
             as
             it
             was
             unreasonable
             to
             conclued
             from
             thence
             that
             he
             had
             not
             a
             singular
             Authority
             and
             Jurisdiction
             over
             subordinate
             Priests
             ,
             so
             now-a-Days
             an
             Argument
             founded
             upon
             the
             same
             Topic
             ,
             is
             equally
             Impertinent
             and
             Sophistical
             .
             When
             the
             priests
             were
             compar'd
             among
             themselves
             one
             with
             another
             ,
             then
             their
             Dignities
             and
             Subordinations
             might
             be
             seasonably
             mentioned
             .
             If
             we
             compare
             the
             priests
             of
             the
             New
             Testament
             with
             the
             Deacons
             ,
             we
             need
             say
             no
             more
             than
             Priests
             and
             Deacons
             ;
             but
             when
             we
             compare
             the
             Priests
             among
             themselves
             ,
             we
             must
             acknowledge
             their
             several
             Subordinations
             .
          
           
             The
             Priests
             under
             the
             Old
             Testament
             were
             only
             allowed
             to
             offer
             the
             Sacrifices
             ,
             and
             by
             their
             Offering
             of
             Sacrifices
             ,
             were
             
             distinguish'd
             from
             the
             Levites
             :
             So
             under
             the
             New
             Testament
             ,
             the
             Priests
             ,
             both
             of
             the
             highest
             and
             subordinate
             Order
             ,
             offer
             the
             Eucharistical
             Sacrifice
             ,
             and
             by
             so
             doing
             ,
             are
             sufficiently
             distinguish'd
             from
             Deacons
             ;
             yet
             this
             is
             no
             Argument
             against
             the
             Subordination
             of
             one
             Priest
             unto
             another
             .
             Thus
             we
             see
             there
             was
             the
             same
             Reason
             for
             those
             Dichotomies
             of
             the
             Clergy
             ,
             both
             under
             the
             Old
             and
             New
             Testament
             .
          
           
             From
             what
             hath
             been
             said
             we
             may
             easily
             see
             that
             the
             Jews
             us'd
             such
             Dichotomies
             of
             their
             Clergy
             ,
             both
             under
             the
             
               Mosaic
               Oeconomy
            
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             
               Apostolical
               Age
            
             ,
             when
             the
             superiority
             of
             the
             High-Priest
             was
             past
             all
             Contradiction
             :
             And
             there
             can
             be
             a
             very
             good
             account
             given
             of
             this
             Phraseology
             ,
             and
             way
             of
             speaking
             from
             the
             different
             Considerations
             that
             engag'd
             both
             Jewish
             and
             Christian
             Writers
             to
             use
             the
             Bipartite
             or
             Tripartite
             Division
             of
             the
             Clergy
             ;
             for
             the
             very
             same
             Christian
             Writers
             ,
             who
             only
             mentioned
             two
             Orders
             ,
             do
             in
             other
             places
             reckon
             up
             the
             Hierarchy
             of
             
               Bishop
               ,
               Presbyter
            
             ,
             and
             Deacon
             ,
             as
             plainly
             as
             is
             possible
             .
             From
             these
             Considerations
             ,
             I
             say
             ,
             we
             may
             easily
             perceive
             ,
             that
             the
             Argument
             pleaded
             against
             Episcopacy
             ,
             founded
             upon
             such
             Dichotomies
             ,
             is
             not
             only
             weak
             ,
             but
             very
             Foolish
             and
             Extravagant
             .
          
           
           
             Yet
             
               Blondel
               ,
               Salmasius
            
             ,
             and
             Daille
             ,
             Men
             of
             great
             Learning
             and
             Reputation
             ,
             imploy'd
             much
             Reading
             and
             Artifice
             to
             support
             their
             New
             Hypothesis
             by
             this
             Argument
             ,
             and
             to
             wrest
             so
             many
             places
             of
             the
             Fathers
             ,
             to
             promote
             an
             Opinion
             which
             was
             never
             heard
             of
             before
             the
             Days
             of
             Aerius
             ;
             thô
             it
             must
             be
             confess'd
             ,
             that
             Men
             of
             extraordinary
             Learning
             have
             been
             impos'd
             upon
             by
             the
             same
             fallacies
             ,
             particularly
             our
             Country-man
             ,
             Sir
             
               Thomas
               Craig
            
             ,
             in
             his
             Book
             
               de
               Success
               .
               Reg.
               Angl.
            
             But
             if
             he
             had
             read
             the
             ancient
             Monuments
             of
             Ecclesiastical
             Antiquity
             ,
             with
             that
             accurate
             Attention
             wherewith
             he
             perus'd
             the
             vast
             Volums
             of
             
               Civilians
               ,
               Canonists
            
             ,
             and
             Historians
             ,
             he
             had
             certainly
             been
             of
             another
             Mind
             .
          
           
             So
             visible
             is
             the
             Confusion
             of
             Names
             in
             the
             New
             Testament
             ,
             that
             
               Apostle
               ,
               Bishop
            
             ,
             and
             Presbyter
             ,
             are
             sometimes
             mentioned
             without
             any
             remarkable
             Distinction
             ,
             yet
             so
             as
             the
             Government
             of
             one
             amongst
             many
             ,
             is
             particularly
             Demonstrated
             .
             Our
             Saviour
             himself
             is
             call'd
             an
             Apostle
             ,
             Heb.
             3.1
             .
             sometimes
             the
             Word
             seems
             to
             be
             restrain'd
             to
             the
             Number
             of
             Twelve
             ,
             and
             Matthias
             ,
             upon
             the
             Apostacy
             of
             Judas
             ,
             is
             chosen
             to
             fill
             up
             the
             Number
             of
             the
             Twelve
             Apostles
             ;
             but
             in
             the
             same
             Apostolical
             Writings
             ,
             the
             Name
             of
             an
             Apostle
             
             is
             bestow'd
             upon
             several
             others
             besides
             the
             Twelve
             ,
             
             as
             S.
             S.
             Barnabas
             ,
             
             
               Paul
               Andronicus
               ,
               Junias
               ,
               Epaphroditus
               ,
            
             and
             others
             .
             Our
             Saviour
             is
             call'd
             a
             Bishop
             ,
             1
             Pet.
             2.
             25.
             
             
             Again
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Apostles
             is
             called
             their
             Episcopacy
             ,
             1
             Act.
             20.
             sometimes
             the
             Name
             of
             Bishop
             is
             attributed
             to
             such
             Priests
             as
             were
             of
             the
             first
             Order
             ,
             invested
             with
             Apostolical
             Power
             and
             Jurisdiction
             ,
             1
             Tim.
             chap.
             3.
             
             Tit.
             1.
             7.
             these
             places
             are
             so
             understood
             by
             all
             the
             Fathers
             .
             Again
             the
             Bishops
             mentioned
             ,
             1.
             
             Philip.
             1
             are
             understood
             by
             St.
             
               Chrysostom
               ,
               Oecumenius
               ,
               Theophilact
            
             ,
             and
             Theodoret
             ,
             to
             be
             the
             Priests
             of
             the
             second
             Order
             ;
             for
             they
             concluded
             Epaphroditus
             to
             have
             been
             then
             Bishop
             of
             Philippi
             ,
             as
             may
             be
             reasonably
             collected
             from
             Philip.
             2.
             25.
             
             Our
             English
             Version
             follows
             Beza
             ,
             and
             understands
             it
             as
             if
             Epaphroditus
             had
             been
             a
             Messenger
             sent
             by
             the
             Philippians
             to
             S.
             Paul
             ;
             but
             Salmasius
             is
             much
             more
             ingenuous
             ,
             
             and
             acknowledges
             ,
             That
             the
             Word
             Apostle
             in
             the
             sacred
             Scriptures
             never
             signifies
             any
             other
             than
             
               legatum
               Dei
               ad
               homines
            
             .
          
           
             And
             this
             is
             very
             agreeable
             to
             the
             Opinion
             of
             Theodoret
             ,
             who
             thought
             that
             when
             the
             Bishops
             were
             named
             in
             the
             Apostolic
             Age
             ,
             so
             as
             to
             be
             distinguished
             from
             subordinate
             Priests
             ,
             they
             were
             then
             called
             
             Apostles
             ,
             thô
             upon
             other
             occasions
             they
             were
             promiscuously
             Named
             without
             any
             distinction
             .
             I
             only
             mention
             this
             transiently
             ,
             not
             insisting
             upon
             it
             .
             My
             business
             at
             present
             is
             to
             prove
             that
             the
             Community
             of
             Names
             was
             so
             familiar
             in
             the
             Language
             of
             the
             Apostolical
             Age
             ,
             that
             no
             Man
             can
             conclude
             from
             thence
             a
             Community
             of
             Offices
             .
             St.
             Peter
             calls
             himself
             a
             Presbyter
             ,
             so
             St.
             John
             the
             Apostle
             ,
             and
             the
             Presbytery
             mentioned
             in
             the
             first
             of
             Timothy
             ,
             4.
             14.
             was
             a
             Senate
             compos'd
             of
             Apostles
             and
             other
             Presbyters
             ,
             whether
             of
             the
             first
             or
             second
             Rank
             is
             not
             certain
             ,
             but
             that
             S.
             Paul
             himself
             was
             one
             of
             them
             is
             evident
             from
             the
             second
             Epist
             .
             to
             Timothy
             ,
             1.
             6.
             
             In
             the
             first
             ,
             Timothy
             is
             exhorted
             not
             to
             neglect
             the
             Gift
             which
             was
             given
             him
             with
             the
             laying
             on
             of
             the
             Hands
             of
             the
             Presbytery
             .
             In
             the
             last
             he
             is
             put
             in
             mind
             to
             stir
             up
             the
             same
             Gift
             which
             he
             received
             by
             the
             laying
             on
             of
             St.
             Paul's
             Hands
             .
             And
             in
             the
             beginning
             of
             Christianity
             (
             as
             S.
             Chrysostom
             Witnesseth
             )
             both
             Bishops
             and
             Presbyters
             were
             sometimes
             call'd
             Deacons
             ,
             which
             may
             be
             justly
             concluded
             from
             Coloss
             .
             4.
             17.
             and
             the
             Apostles
             themselves
             are
             called
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             and
             in
             the
             first
             of
             the
             Acts
             ,
             their
             Apostolical
             Ministry
             ,
             to
             which
             Matthias
             was
             assumed
             ,
             is
             called
             their
             Deaconship
             ,
             1
             Act.
             17.
             
          
           
           
             Now
             I
             take
             it
             for
             granted
             ,
             that
             if
             any
             Man
             pretend
             to
             infer
             a
             Community
             of
             Offices
             ,
             from
             the
             Community
             of
             Names
             ,
             which
             we
             meet
             with
             in
             the
             Holy
             Scriptures
             ;
             he
             must
             needs
             confound
             the
             highest
             Order
             of
             the
             Church
             (
             even
             the
             Apostolical
             Dignity
             )
             with
             the
             lowest
             Rank
             of
             Ecclesiastical
             Officers
             .
             Yet
             this
             is
             certain
             that
             the
             several
             Offices
             were
             carefully
             separated
             in
             those
             Days
             ;
             thô
             the
             Humility
             of
             such
             as
             were
             uppermost
             ,
             taught
             them
             not
             to
             be
             very
             forward
             to
             distinguish
             themselves
             from
             their
             subordinate
             Brethren
             ,
             by
             Titles
             of
             Eminence
             and
             Jurisdiction
             ;
             and
             the
             Bishops
             in
             the
             second
             Century
             transcribed
             the
             same
             Copy
             in
             their
             Behaviour
             ,
             who
             ,
             thô
             they
             were
             careful
             to
             preserve
             the
             necessary
             Distinction
             between
             the
             Priests
             of
             the
             first
             and
             second
             Order
             ,
             yet
             they
             studied
             the
             most
             modest
             Expressions
             of
             Humility
             and
             Condescension
             ,
             as
             may
             be
             seen
             from
             the
             forecited
             Inscription
             of
             S.
             Polycarp's
             Epistle
             to
             the
             Philippians
             ,
             that
             Apostolic
             Martyr
             and
             Prince
             of
             the
             Asiatick
             Church
             .
          
           
             I
             have
             consider'd
             this
             Argument
             the
             more
             carefully
             ,
             in
             that
             I
             find
             it
             over
             and
             over
             again
             in
             all
             the
             Writings
             of
             our
             Ecclesiastic
             Levellers
             ,
             as
             their
             first
             and
             last
             Refuge
             to
             which
             they
             flee
             to
             ;
             and
             yet
             there
             is
             not
             any
             thing
             more
             Frivolous
             
             and
             Trifling
             ;
             for
             the
             Names
             of
             the
             lowest
             Officers
             in
             the
             Christian
             Church
             ,
             were
             frequently
             assum'd
             by
             the
             highest
             ,
             and
             distinction
             of
             Offices
             is
             rather
             inferr'd
             from
             their
             
               Practices
               ,
               Peculiar
               Ministries
            
             ,
             and
             
               Acts
               of
               Jurisdiction
            
             ,
             than
             from
             any
             Names
             that
             we
             can
             fix
             upon
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             If
             they
             cannot
             establish
             their
             New
             Doctrine
             of
             Parity
             neither
             upon
             the
             express
             Commandment
             of
             our
             Saviour
             ,
             nor
             upon
             the
             Consequences
             they
             manage
             
               a
               confusione
               nominum
            
             ,
             they
             endeavour
             to
             support
             it
             by
             some
             Testimonies
             of
             the
             Primitive
             Fathers
             .
             When
             the
             Government
             and
             Revenues
             of
             the
             Church
             were
             sacrilegiously
             invaded
             by
             Atheists
             and
             Enthusiasts
             under
             
               Oliver
               Cromwel
            
             ,
             the
             Learned
             Blondel
             employed
             all
             his
             skill
             to
             make
             the
             Ancients
             contradict
             themselves
             and
             all
             contemporary
             Records
             .
             When
             his
             *
             Book
             appeared
             ,
             the
             Presbyterians
             concluded
             (
             before
             ever
             they
             Read
             it
             )
             that
             all
             was
             Pure
             and
             Undeniable
             Demonstration
             ;
             and
             our
             Country-men
             think
             they
             need
             return
             no
             other
             answer
             to
             any
             thing
             that
             is
             written
             against
             them
             ,
             than
             to
             say
             that
             Episcopacy
             ,
             and
             all
             that
             may
             be
             said
             in
             its
             defence
             ,
             is
             quite
             Ruin'd
             and
             Destroyed
             by
             Monsieur
             Blondel
             ,
             and
             Salmasius
             .
             And
             thô
             there
             are
             but
             very
             few
             of
             them
             that
             ever
             read
             them
             ,
             and
             that
             
             every
             Line
             of
             their
             Writings
             ,
             that
             hath
             the
             least
             colour
             of
             Argument
             ,
             was
             frequently
             Answered
             and
             Expos'd
             ,
             yet
             such
             is
             the
             Power
             of
             Prejudice
             and
             Partiality
             ,
             that
             they
             shut
             their
             Eyes
             against
             the
             clearest
             Evidences
             that
             are
             produc'd
             by
             their
             Adversaries
             .
             It
             's
             enough
             for
             them
             to
             say
             that
             Blondel
             hath
             written
             a
             Book
             in
             their
             Defence
             ,
             of
             549
             pages
             ;
             and
             this
             in
             their
             Opinion
             may
             bar
             all
             Disputations
             of
             that
             Nature
             .
             When
             we
             bid
             them
             name
             the
             place
             that
             they
             think
             proves
             their
             New
             Doctrine
             most
             plausibly
             ,
             they
             refuse
             any
             such
             close
             Engagement
             ;
             they
             will
             tell
             you
             that
             Jerome
             was
             of
             their
             Opinion
             ,
             and
             that
             their
             Learned
             Champion
             Blondel
             has
             sufficiently
             prov'd
             that
             this
             antient
             Monk
             was
             a
             Presbyterian
             .
          
           
             I
             must
             not
             transscribe
             the
             Accurate
             and
             unanswerable
             Dissertations
             of
             several
             Learned
             Men
             ,
             who
             have
             sufficiently
             expos'd
             the
             Writings
             of
             Blondel
             and
             Salmasius
             on
             this
             Head
             ,
             particularly
             the
             incomparable
             Bishop
             of
             Chester
             ,
             
             yet
             I
             may
             be
             allowed
             to
             examine
             some
             of
             the
             most
             remarkable
             Testimonies
             from
             Antiquity
             that
             are
             alleg'd
             by
             those
             Men
             to
             support
             their
             Doctrine
             of
             Parity
             ,
             that
             the
             Reader
             may
             have
             a
             Sample
             of
             their
             Partialities
             and
             Prepossessions
             ,
             and
             if
             none
             of
             the
             first
             Worthies
             of
             the
             Christian
             Church
             
             appear
             for
             the
             New
             Doctrine
             of
             Parity
             ,
             we
             may
             safely
             infer
             ,
             that
             there
             are
             little
             hopes
             to
             defend
             their
             cause
             by
             the
             Suffrages
             of
             after
             Ages
             .
          
           
             And
             in
             the
             next
             place
             I
             will
             particularly
             examine
             
             Blondel's
             Argument
             from
             the
             Authority
             of
             St.
             Jerome
             and
             Demonstrate
             that
             he
             mistakes
             or
             (
             which
             is
             much
             more
             probable
             )
             hides
             and
             misrepresents
             the
             Doctrine
             of
             that
             Learned
             Father
             ;
             and
             if
             St.
             Jerome
             be
             not
             his
             Friend
             ,
             he
             and
             his
             Associates
             may
             despair
             of
             any
             other
             .
          
           
             First
             ,
             I
             will
             examine
             some
             of
             the
             most
             remarkable
             Testimonies
             from
             Antiquity
             ,
             and
             the
             first
             that
             is
             nam'd
             is
             S.
             Clement
             in
             his
             famous
             Epistle
             to
             the
             Corinthians
             .
             This
             is
             the
             Celebrated
             S.
             Clement
             ,
             so
             Honourably
             mentioned
             by
             S.
             Paul
             himself
             ,
             
             Philip.
             4.
             3.
             together
             with
             some
             others
             ,
             whose
             Names
             are
             Written
             in
             the
             Book
             of
             Life
             ,
             who
             was
             fellow
             Labourer
             with
             the
             Apostles
             ,
             
             and
             Third
             Bishop
             of
             Rome
             by
             the
             Testimony
             of
             Irenaeus
             ,
             and
             probably
             sat
             in
             the
             Chair
             of
             Rome
             from
             the
             Year
             64
             ,
             until
             the
             Year
             81
             ,
             or
             83.
             
             He
             wrote
             his
             first
             Epistle
             to
             the
             Corinthians
             ,
             to
             compose
             the
             scandalous
             Divisions
             and
             Schisms
             that
             had
             risen
             among
             them
             by
             the
             Pride
             and
             Vanity
             of
             some
             turbulent
             Brethren
             ,
             who
             valu'd
             themselves
             upon
             the
             miraculous
             Gifts
             of
             the
             
             Spirit
             ,
             to
             the
             Contempt
             of
             their
             ordinary
             Ecclesiastical
             Governors
             .
             It
             is
             thought
             by
             some
             ,
             that
             this
             Epistle
             was
             written
             towards
             the
             end
             of
             Nero's
             Persecution
             ,
             before
             he
             was
             advanc'd
             to
             the
             See
             of
             Rome
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             very
             observable
             that
             Blondel
             before
             he
             produces
             any
             Testimony
             from
             S.
             Clement
             ,
             acknowledges
             ,
             
             that
             by
             the
             universal
             consent
             of
             the
             Ancients
             this
             very
             S
             ,
             Clement
             succeeded
             S.
             Peter
             in
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             See
             of
             Rome
             ;
             and
             thô
             they
             vary
             as
             to
             his
             Order
             of
             Succession
             ,
             yet
             all
             of
             them
             agree
             as
             to
             the
             thing
             it self
             .
          
           
             His
             first
             Argument
             for
             Parity
             is
             founded
             on
             S.
             Clement's
             Inscription
             of
             his
             Epist
             .
             to
             the
             Corinthians
             .
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             From
             this
             Inscription
             he
             concludes
             that
             the
             Church
             of
             Rome
             was
             then
             Govern'd
             by
             a
             Colledge
             of
             Presbyters
             ,
             because
             the
             whole
             Church
             of
             Rome
             wrote
             to
             the
             whole
             Church
             of
             Corinth
             ,
             not
             mentioning
             the
             Distinction
             of
             the
             Clergy
             from
             the
             Laity
             ;
             when
             the
             Learned
             Blondel
             Reasoned
             at
             this
             rate
             ,
             he
             design'd
             (
             it
             seems
             )
             to
             please
             the
             Independent
             Party
             ,
             (
             who
             were
             then
             most
             Numerous
             and
             Potent
             in
             England
             )
             rather
             than
             the
             Presbyterians
             .
             
             For
             if
             his
             Argument
             proves
             any
             thing
             ,
             it
             proves
             too
             much
             ,
             viz.
             That
             the
             Laity
             
             hath
             an
             equal
             share
             of
             Jurisdiction
             in
             the
             Administration
             of
             Ecclesiastical
             Affairs
             ;
             with
             Bishops
             and
             Presbyters
             ?
             And
             thus
             he
             might
             conclude
             ,
             that
             when
             S.
             Paul
             wrote
             an
             Epistle
             together
             with
             
               Sosthenes
               ,
               Timotheus
               ,
               Sylvanus
            
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Brethren
             that
             were
             with
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             no
             greater
             Authority
             in
             the
             Ecclesiastical
             Senate
             ,
             than
             the
             meanest
             of
             the
             Laity
             .
          
           
             Our
             Learned
             Country-man
             Junius
             ,
             gives
             a
             far
             more
             reasonable
             Account
             of
             this
             Ancient
             Simplicity
             ,
             of
             the
             Writings
             of
             the
             Apostolical
             Age
             ,
             than
             such
             Childish
             Reasonings
             ;
             and
             he
             tells
             us
             that
             St.
             Clement
             did
             not
             prefix
             his
             Name
             ,
             
               ut
               modestiae
               &
               humilitatis
               posteris
               aetatibus
               exemplar
               imitandum
               proponeret
               ,
            
             and
             this
             was
             very
             subservient
             to
             his
             Design
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             Teach
             the
             Corinthians
             ,
             (
             whom
             he
             exhorts
             to
             Concord
             and
             Humility
             )
             by
             his
             own
             Example
             ,
             that
             true
             and
             undisguised
             Modesty
             ,
             which
             was
             then
             so
             visible
             in
             the
             Practice
             of
             the
             first
             Christians
             ,
             when
             both
             Clergy
             and
             Laity
             
               were
               of
               one
               Heart
               ,
               and
               one
               Mind
               .
            
          
           
             The
             next
             attempt
             that
             Blondel
             makes
             to
             support
             his
             imaginary
             Parity
             in
             the
             Primitive
             Church
             ,
             
             is
             from
             St.
             Clement's
             dividing
             the
             Clergy
             into
             
               Bishops
               and
               Deacons
            
             ,
             
             according
             to
             the
             current
             Phraseology
             that
             prevail'd
             in
             the
             Apostolical
             Age.
             When
             they
             considered
             the
             Clergy
             only
             ,
             in
             opposition
             to
             the
             body
             of
             the
             People
             .
             I
             have
             answered
             this
             already
             ,
             when
             I
             examined
             their
             Argument
             ,
             founded
             upon
             such
             Dichotomies
             :
             But
             when
             we
             consider
             this
             particular
             place
             of
             S.
             Clement
             ,
             with
             regard
             to
             that
             Latitude
             ,
             and
             Promiscuous
             use
             of
             Names
             ,
             that
             was
             very
             current
             in
             those
             Days
             ,
             the
             Word
             Deacon
             may
             be
             understood
             to
             comprehend
             all
             those
             Ministers
             of
             Religion
             (
             whether
             Presbyters
             in
             the
             modern
             Notion
             ,
             or
             Deacons
             ,
             who
             by
             the
             first
             Institution
             ,
             were
             obliged
             to
             attend
             upon
             Tables
             ,
             )
             and
             then
             his
             Argument
             vanishes
             into
             nothing
             ;
             nay
             rather
             it
             is
             a
             strong
             confirmation
             of
             that
             which
             he
             would
             most
             willingly
             destroy
             ;
             
             for
             by
             Bishops
             and
             Deacons
             ,
             we
             may
             understand
             Apostles
             ,
             Bishops
             ,
             Presbyters
             ,
             and
             Attendants
             upon
             Tables
             ;
             for
             the
             Word
             Deacons
             in
             the
             Language
             of
             the
             
               Holy
               Scriptures
            
             ,
             is
             taken
             in
             the
             greatest
             Latitude
             that
             may
             be
             ,
             not
             only
             for
             such
             as
             were
             appointed
             by
             the
             Apostles
             ,
             particularly
             to
             the
             Ministry
             of
             Tables
             ,
             but
             also
             the
             Apostles
             themselves
             ,
             the
             highest
             Officers
             in
             the
             Christian
             Church
             ,
             are
             called
             Deacons
             .
             
             
               Who
               then
               is
            
             Paul
             ,
             and
             
               who
               is
            
             Apollos
             ,
             
               but
               Deacons
               ,
               by
               whom
               they
               
               believed
               ,
               even
               as
               the
               Lord
               gave
               to
               every
               Man
               ?
            
             And
             again
             ,
             
             
               who
               hath
               made
               us
               able
               Deacons
               of
               the
               New-Testament
               ,
            
             &c.
             
             And
             upon
             other
             occasions
             they
             are
             called
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             &c.
             
             And
             those
             who
             were
             ordain'd
             to
             the
             special
             Ministry
             or
             Tables
             ,
             were
             Originally
             constituted
             ,
             that
             the
             Apostles
             themselves
             might
             not
             be
             diverted
             from
             the
             
               Ministry
               of
               Deaconship
               of
               the
               Word
               .
            
             
             And
             Tychicus
             is
             called
             a
             faithful
             Deacon
             ,
             as
             also
             Timothy
             ,
             so
             likewise
             .
             Arthippus
             is
             commanded
             to
             take
             heed
             to
             his
             Deaconship
             ,
             thô
             it
             be
             not
             expresly
             determined
             ,
             what
             room
             he
             held
             in
             the
             Ecclesiastical
             Hierarchy
             ,
             weather
             he
             was
             
               Bishop
               ,
               Presbyter
            
             ,
             or
             Deacons
             ;
             nay
             such
             was
             the
             Latitude
             of
             the
             Word
             Deacon
             ,
             in
             the
             Apostolical
             Age
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             applyed
             promiscuously
             to
             all
             the
             three
             Order
             of
             the
             Christain
             Hierarchy
             .
             So
             that
             if
             we
             understand
             St.
             Clement
             according
             to
             the
             current
             extent
             of
             the
             Word
             ,
             we
             may
             safely
             judge
             him
             to
             have
             meant
             by
             Bishops
             ,
             the
             Ecclesiastical
             Governors
             ,
             and
             by
             Deacons
             ,
             all
             subordinate
             Ministers
             of
             Religion
             ,
             whether
             such
             as
             were
             promoted
             the
             Priesthood
             ,
             or
             the
             Deacons
             who
             were
             confin'd
             to
             their
             Attendance
             upon
             Tables
             .
             What
             advantage
             then
             does
             Monsieur
             Blondel
             gain
             to
             his
             cause
             ;
             for
             though
             Presbyters
             
             in
             the
             modern
             Notion
             ,
             are
             not
             perhaps
             the
             only
             Persons
             who
             may
             be
             understood
             by
             the
             Word
             Deacon
             ,
             yet
             they
             may
             be
             comprehended
             as
             well
             as
             other
             Ministers
             of
             a
             lower
             Rank
             .
          
           
             Let
             it
             be
             observed
             also
             ,
             that
             S.
             Clement
             speaks
             not
             of
             the
             Ecclesiastical
             Polity
             ,
             such
             as
             it
             was
             brought
             to
             perfection
             after
             wards
             by
             the
             Apostles
             ,
             but
             rather
             of
             the
             first
             beginnings
             of
             the
             Christian
             Church
             ,
             immediatly
             after
             the
             Resurrection
             of
             our
             Saviour
             .
             For
             thô
             all
             the
             Degrees
             and
             Subordinations
             of
             the
             Apostolical
             Government
             ,
             were
             founded
             upon
             divine
             Right
             ;
             yet
             they
             were
             not
             in
             one
             moment
             established
             in
             their
             True
             and
             Everlasting
             Figure
             ,
             but
             had
             their
             beginning
             ,
             as
             the
             Jewish
             Church
             went
             on
             from
             lessen
             steps
             to
             that
             more
             perfect
             Scheme
             that
             was
             to
             continue
             until
             the
             coming
             of
             the
             Messiah
             .
             This
             is
             certain
             ,
             that
             before
             the
             Apostles
             left
             the
             World
             ,
             they
             established
             such
             an
             Ecclesiastical
             Government
             as
             ought
             to
             continue
             in
             the
             Church
             ,
             until
             the
             second
             coming
             of
             our
             Savioar
             .
          
           
             But
             let
             us
             suppose
             that
             where
             we
             meet
             with
             such
             Dichetomies
             in
             other
             Authors
             ,
             such
             a
             Parity
             as
             is
             intended
             by
             the
             Presbyterians
             ,
             may
             be
             understood
             ;
             yet
             when
             we
             view
             the
             Text
             of
             St.
             Clement
             more
             narrowly
             ,
             we
             must
             not
             presume
             to
             make
             
             any
             such
             Inference
             ,
             for
             the
             very
             same
             St.
             
               Clement
               Dichotomizies
            
             the
             Jewish
             Clergy
             who
             are
             known
             to
             have
             had
             their
             
               High
               Priest
               ,
               Chief
               Priests
               ,
               Priests
               ,
            
             
             and
             Levites
             ;
             yet
             he
             comprehends
             them
             all
             in
             this
             short
             and
             Bipartite
             Division
             .
             For
             speaking
             of
             Jacob
             he
             hath
             these
             Words
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             And
             must
             we
             from
             hence
             conclude
             that
             there
             was
             a
             Parity
             amongst
             the
             Priests
             of
             the
             Old
             Testament
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             thus
             distinguish'd
             from
             the
             Laity
             without
             mentioning
             the
             several
             Gradations
             of
             the
             Hierarchy
             amongst
             themselves
             ?
             Nay
             so
             little
             do
             our
             Adversaries
             gain
             by
             straining
             the
             Language
             of
             St.
             Clement
             ,
             contrary
             to
             the
             Latitude
             and
             Simplicity
             of
             the
             Apostolical
             Age
             ;
             that
             the
             same
             Author
             comprehends
             all
             Ministers
             of
             Religion
             ,
             
             under
             one
             general
             Word
             ,
             whether
             
               Prophets
               ,
               Apostles
               ,
               Bishops
               ,
               Presbyters
               ,
            
             or
             Deacons
             ,
             and
             not
             only
             does
             he
             thus
             speak
             of
             the
             Priests
             of
             the
             true
             Religion
             ,
             but
             also
             of
             the
             *
             Egyptian
             Priests
             ,
             who
             are
             known
             to
             have
             had
             their
             several
             subordinations
             .
          
           
             But
             that
             which
             is
             most
             material
             to
             our
             purpose
             ,
             is
             that
             the
             same
             St.
             Clement
             ,
             when
             he
             exhorts
             the
             Corinthians
             to
             Christian
             Order
             and
             Harmony
             ,
             sets
             before
             them
             the
             beautiful
             Subordinations
             under
             
             the
             Temple-Service
             ,
             how
             the
             
               High
               Priest
               ,
               Priests
            
             ,
             and
             Levites
             ,
             were
             distinguished
             by
             their
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             and
             immediatly
             recommends
             to
             the
             Corinthians
             ,
             
             that
             every
             one
             of
             them
             should
             continue
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Now
             when
             we
             consider
             the
             Primitive
             method
             of
             Reasoning
             from
             Jewish
             Precedents
             ,
             St.
             Clement
             had
             never
             talked
             at
             this
             rate
             ,
             if
             the
             Jurisdiction
             of
             one
             over
             many
             Priests
             ,
             had
             been
             abolish'd
             under
             the
             New
             Testament
             ,
             and
             Jerome
             himself
             (
             on
             whose
             Writings
             M.
             Blondel
             endeavours
             to
             establish
             his
             Opinion
             )
             in
             his
             Epistle
             to
             Evagrius
             ,
             
             gives
             light
             to
             this
             place
             of
             St.
             
               Clements
               ,
               Et
               ut
               sciamus
               traditiones
               Apostolicas
               sumptas
               de
               veteri
               testamento
               quod
               Aaron
               &
               filii
               ejus
               atque
               Levitae
               in
               templo
               fuerunt
               ,
               hoc
               sibi
               Episcopi
               &
               Presbyteri
               &
               Diaconi
               vendicent
               in
               Ecclesia
               .
            
             For
             without
             all
             Controversie
             ,
             those
             traditions
             descended
             from
             the
             Jewish
             Church
             to
             the
             Christian
             ,
             as
             their
             true
             inheritance
             .
          
           
             Nay
             St.
             Clement
             himself
             expresly
             distinguishes
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             from
             the
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             and
             the
             last
             may
             signifie
             Office
             and
             Age
             ,
             both
             together
             .
             Nor
             can
             it
             be
             an
             Objection
             of
             any
             weight
             ,
             that
             the
             first
             (
             who
             were
             there
             Spiritual
             Governors
             )
             are
             mentioned
             in
             the
             plural
             Number
             ,
             since
             this
             was
             an
             Encyclical
             Epistle
             Address'd
             to
             Corinth
             ,
             as
             the
             principal
             City
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             transmitted
             
             to
             its
             dependencies
             .
             How
             considerable
             the
             City
             of
             Corinth
             was
             in
             those
             Days
             ,
             every
             body
             knows
             ;
             and
             S.
             Chrysostom
             informs
             us
             ,
             
             that
             it
             was
             Populous
             and
             magnificent
             ,
             in
             regard
             of
             its
             Riches
             and
             Wisdom
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             :
             So
             far
             was
             S.
             Clement
             from
             intending
             a
             Parity
             of
             Priests
             ,
             by
             his
             promiscuous
             use
             of
             words
             ,
             that
             he
             himself
             distinguishes
             plainly
             the
             spiritual
             Governors
             from
             the
             body
             of
             subordinate
             Presbyters
             ;
             and
             it
             is
             surprising
             to
             observe
             how
             much
             Men
             may
             be
             blinded
             with
             prejudice
             contrary
             to
             the
             Universal
             suffrage
             of
             the
             Ancients
             ,
             who
             place
             S.
             Clement
             so
             early
             in
             the
             Apostolical
             Succession
             of
             the
             Chair
             of
             Rome
             ;
             the
             Reader
             may
             see
             them
             all
             in
             one
             view
             ,
             prefixt
             to
             Junius
             his
             Edition
             of
             his
             Epistle
             to
             the
             Corinthians
             .
          
           
             A
             second
             Witness
             made
             to
             appear
             an
             evidence
             for
             Parity
             ,
             is
             the
             venerable
             S.
             Polycarp
             ,
             Bishop
             of
             Smyrna
             ,
             who
             by
             *
             Ireneus
             Bishop
             of
             Lions
             ,
             is
             said
             to
             have
             been
             taught
             by
             the
             Apostles
             ,
             to
             have
             convers'd
             with
             many
             who
             had
             seen
             our
             Saviour
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             himself
             saw
             him
             in
             his
             younger
             Days
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             knew
             him
             to
             have
             been
             constituted
             Bishop
             of
             Smyrna
             ,
             by
             the
             
             Apostles
             .
             This
             is
             he
             who
             by
             *
             S.
             Jerome
             is
             called
             
               totius
               Asiae
               princeps
            
             :
             One
             would
             think
             that
             when
             they
             name
             S.
             Polycarp
             ,
             they
             had
             discovered
             some
             clear
             Testimony
             in
             his
             Writings
             to
             build
             their
             Hypothesis
             upon
             ,
             but
             instead
             of
             this
             ,
             nothing
             but
             a
             wretched
             consequence
             founded
             upon
             the
             Bipartite
             Division
             of
             the
             Clergy
             ,
             mentioned
             in
             his
             Epistle
             to
             the
             Philippians
             .
             And
             yet
             the
             Epigraphe
             of
             S.
             Polycarp's
             Epistle
             clearly
             distinguishes
             him
             from
             his
             Presbyters
             ,
             who
             were
             then
             with
             him
             ,
             which
             runs
             thus
             ,
             
               Polycarp
               and
               the
               Presbyters
               that
               are
               with
               him
               to
               the
               Church
               of
               God
               which
               is
               at
            
             Philippi
             .
             And
             if
             he
             had
             not
             been
             vested
             with
             Episcopal
             Jurisdiction
             and
             Eminence
             ,
             amongst
             those
             Presbyters
             ,
             how
             was
             it
             agreeable
             to
             the
             primitive
             Modesty
             and
             self
             Denial
             ,
             to
             have
             named
             himself
             only
             in
             the
             frontispiece
             of
             this
             Epistle
             ,
             and
             to
             mention
             none
             of
             his
             Brethern
             ,
             save
             only
             by
             the
             general
             name
             of
             Presbyters
             ?
             This
             is
             mighty
             uneasie
             to
             Blondel
             and
             the
             evidence
             of
             Truth
             forces
             from
             him
             the
             following
             words
             ,
             
             
               id
               tamen
               in
               S.
               Martyris
               epistola
               peculiare
               apparet
               ,
               quod
               eam
               pr.
               vatim
               suo
               &
               Presbyterorum
               nomine
               ad
               philippensium
               fraternitatem
               dedit
               ac
               sibi
               quandam
               supra
               Presbyteros
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               ,
               reservasse
               videtur
               ut
               jam
               tum
               in
               Episcopali
               apice
               
               constitutum
               reliquos
               Smyrnensium
               Presbyteros
               gradu
               superasse
               conjicere
               liceat
               .
            
          
           
             There
             are
             two
             things
             that
             baffle
             this
             shadow
             of
             an
             Argument
             brought
             from
             the
             Epistle
             of
             S.
             Polycarp
             .
             The
             first
             is
             that
             Irenaeus
             ,
             who
             was
             intimately
             acquainted
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             knew
             him
             to
             have
             been
             taught
             by
             S.
             John
             the
             Apostle
             ,
             and
             by
             him
             ordained
             Bishop
             of
             Smyrna
             ,
             does
             refute
             the
             Heresies
             of
             the
             Valentintans
             ,
             from
             the
             unanimous
             Doctrine
             preserv'd
             amongst
             the
             single
             successors
             of
             S.
             Polycarp
             downwards
             to
             that
             very
             Period
             in
             which
             he
             wrote
             .
             For
             if
             the
             Ecclesiastical
             Power
             of
             the
             Church
             of
             Smyrna
             ,
             had
             been
             equally
             lodg'd
             in
             the
             College
             of
             Presbyters
             ,
             his
             Argument
             against
             the
             Hereticks
             ,
             from
             the
             Succession
             of
             single
             Persons
             ,
             teaching
             the
             same
             Doctrine
             first
             delivered
             by
             S.
             John
             ,
             and
             convey'd
             by
             
               S.
               Polycarp
            
             to
             the
             following
             Bishops
             ;
             I
             say
             such
             an
             Argument
             so
             manag'd
             ,
             could
             have
             no
             force
             ,
             nor
             was
             it
             possible
             for
             Irenaeus
             to
             have
             us'd
             it
             .
          
           
             The
             next
             is
             this
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             same
             Epistle
             of
             S.
             Polycarp
             to
             the
             Philippians
             ,
             the
             Epistles
             of
             S.
             Ignatius
             are
             zealously
             recommended
             ,
             and
             we
             need
             not
             inform
             the
             Reader
             how
             much
             the
             Divine
             Institution
             ,
             Power
             ,
             and
             Jurisdiction
             of
             Bishops
             above
             Presbyters
             is
             asserted
             in
             those
             Epistles
             of
             
             which
             I
             am
             to
             speak
             in
             due
             time
             .
             The
             Question
             then
             concerning
             S.
             Polycarp
             is
             ,
             whether
             we
             are
             to
             believe
             S.
             Irenaeus
             Bishop
             of
             Lions
             ,
             who
             was
             fully
             acquainted
             with
             the
             manner
             of
             his
             Education
             ,
             Apostolical
             Doctrine
             ,
             and
             promotion
             to
             the
             See
             of
             Smyrna
             ,
             rather
             than
             the
             dark
             and
             groundless
             conjectures
             of
             later
             Ages
             .
             And
             from
             this
             single
             Instance
             alone
             ,
             we
             see
             how
             inflexible
             and
             Stubborn
             the
             Power
             of
             prejudice
             is
             ,
             how
             far
             it
             drives
             Men
             against
             Light
             and
             Conviction
             ,
             and
             darkens
             all
             their
             Intellectuals
             in
             defiance
             of
             common
             Sense
             and
             Reason
             .
          
           
             A
             third
             Witness
             alledg'd
             by
             Blondel
             is
             Hermas
             ,
             (
             I
             only
             name
             some
             few
             of
             those
             that
             are
             nearest
             to
             the
             Apostles
             )
             I
             do
             not
             now
             enquire
             into
             the
             Authority
             of
             this
             Book
             .
             It
             is
             most
             probable
             that
             it
             was
             written
             towards
             the
             end
             of
             the
             Apostolical
             Age
             ;
             
             and
             some
             of
             the
             Ancients
             of
             great
             Authority
             make
             him
             to
             be
             the
             same
             that
             is
             mention'd
             by
             S.
             
               Paul
               ,
               Rom.
               16.
               14.
            
             
             It
             is
             without
             all
             Controversie
             ,
             a
             Book
             of
             great
             Antiquity
             ,
             as
             appears
             by
             the
             Citations
             out
             of
             him
             ,
             still
             preserv'd
             in
             some
             Authentick
             Monuments
             ,
             particularly
             
               Irenaeus
               ,
               Clemens
               Alexandrinus
               ,
               Tertullian
               ,
            
             and
             Origen
             .
             There
             are
             two
             palpable
             evidences
             that
             Episcopacy
             was
             the
             Ecclesiastical
             Government
             that
             obtain'd
             in
             the
             Christian
             
             Church
             ,
             when
             this
             Book
             was
             written
             .
             The
             first
             is
             from
             the
             second
             Vision
             of
             the
             first
             Book
             ,
             where
             the
             sending
             of
             the
             Encyclical
             Epistle
             in
             
               exteras
               civitates
            
             ,
             is
             insinuated
             to
             be
             the
             peculiar
             Priviledge
             of
             S.
             Clement
             ,
             then
             Bishop
             of
             Rome
             .
             The
             other
             insinuation
             is
             from
             the
             second
             Book
             ,
             and
             12th
             Mandat
             .
             Paragr
             .
             2.
             where
             he
             reproves
             the
             preposterous
             Ambition
             of
             such
             as
             would
             thrust
             themselves
             into
             the
             highest
             dignities
             ,
             contrary
             to
             the
             Evangelical
             Methods
             of
             Humility
             and
             self-denial
             ,
             
               exaltat
               enim
               se
               ,
               &
               vult
               primam
               Cathedram
               habere
               .
            
             If
             there
             be
             no
             Power
             ,
             there
             can
             be
             no
             Abuse
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             therefore
             he
             reproves
             that
             insatiable
             thirst
             of
             Preferment
             that
             puts
             some
             amongst
             them
             upon
             Projects
             and
             Designs
             ,
             contrary
             to
             the
             command
             of
             our
             Saviour
             who
             taught
             us
             ,
             that
             he
             that
             deserv'd
             the
             Ecclesiastical
             Promotion
             was
             to
             be
             the
             Servant
             of
             all
             ,
             and
             therefore
             many
             of
             the
             Primitive
             Bishops
             fled
             and
             hid
             themselves
             upon
             the
             first
             Motion
             of
             their
             being
             nam'd
             to
             the
             Episcopal
             Dignity
             .
             And
             the
             other
             Citation
             from
             Book
             the
             third
             ,
             Similitud
             8.
             insinuates
             the
             very
             same
             thing
             that
             I
             intend
             ,
             
               viz.
               ,
               a
               Principatus
            
             then
             established
             as
             the
             fixt
             Government
             of
             the
             Church
             which
             some
             were
             too
             too
             hasty
             to
             grasp
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A51155-e2450
           
             2
             Tim.
             4.
             3
             ,
             4.
             
          
           
             Vid.
             Dickson
             in
             Matt.
             and
             Answer
             to
             the
             Irenicum
             ,
             by
             G.
             R.
             
          
           
             vid.
             Bez.
             in
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             Vid.
             Smectim
             .
             Jus
             divin
             .
             Minister
             Anglican
             .
             The
             Unbishoping
             Timothy
             and
             Titus
             .
          
           
             Altare
             Damascen
             .
          
           
             Durh.
             Dissert
             .
             on
             the
             Revel
             .
          
           
             v.
             Cotel
             .
             Not.
             inpriorem
             Epist
             S.
             Clem.
             p.
             96.
             in
             quibus
             fus●
             &
             solide
             dem●nstratur
             argumentum
             a
             confusione
             nominum
             nequaquam
             Jurisdictionem
             &
             Authoritatem
             Episcoporum
             supra
             Presbyteros
             labefactare
             posse
             .
          
           
             V.
             Doctiss
             .
             Bevereg
             .
             cod
             .
             canon
             Eccles
             .
             primit
             lib.
             2
             .
             c.
             11.
             
          
           
             Vid.
             Clariss
             .
             Dodwell
             dissert
             .
             Cypr.
             p.
             205.
             
          
           
             
               Walo
               Mess
            
             .
          
           
             Tertul.
             de
             Baptismo
             .
          
           
             Stromat
             .
             Lib.
             6.
             
          
           
             Pastor
             Herma
             .
          
           
             *
             Apud
             clariss
             .
             Dodwell
             .
             disertat
             :
             Cyprian
             p.
             205
             
          
           
             ●
             Cotel
             in
             prie●
             Epist
             .
          
           
             Clemen
             .
             ad
             Corinth
             .
          
           
             1
             Cor.
             15.
             7.
             
          
           
             W●●●
             M●●
             .
          
           
             *
             Aplog
             .
             prosenten
             ,
             Hieronym
             .
             Amstol
             .
             1646.
             
          
           
             Vind.
             St.
             Ignat.
             
          
           
             Adversus
             Hereses
             ,
             lib.
             3.
             cap.
             3.
             
          
           
             V.
             Doctiss
             .
             Cav
             .
             Hist
             .
             liter
             .
             p.
             18.
             
          
           
             Blondel
             Apolog
             .
             p.
             9.
             
             Plerique
             Latinorum
             (
             Hieronymo
             teste
             )
             secundumpost
             Petrum
             fuisse
             putaverunt
             ;
             ut
             ante
             annum
             Domini
             65
             ,
             ad
             Romanae
             Ecclesiae
             clavum
             sedissenecesse
             sit
             .
          
           
             Apol.
             pro
             sent
             Hier.
             p.
             9.
             
          
           
             page
             ,
             9.
             10.
             
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Vid.
             doctiss
             ,
             Bevereg
             .
             cod
             .
             Can.
             Eccles
             .
             Prim.
             lib.
             2.
             p.
             314.
             
          
           
             1
             Cor.
             3.
             5.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             Cor.
             3.
             6.
             
          
           
             Acts.
             6.
             4.
             
             Coloss
             .
             4.
             7.
             1
             
             Thess
             .
             3.
             2.
             
             Coloss
             .
             4.
             17.
             
             Vid.
             etiam
             .
             Bevereg
             .
             ubi
             supra
             .
          
           
             Pag.
             (
             mihi
             )
             40
             ,
             41.
             
          
           
             Pag.
             10.
             
             Edit
             .
             Jun.
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             P●
             (
             mihi
             )
             52
             ,
             53.
             
          
           
             V.
             Cotel
             .
             Not.
             in
             Pr.
             S.
             Clemen
             .
             Epist
             .
             col
             .
             95.
             
          
           
             Apud
             Jun.
             Not.
             in
             Clemen
             .
             p.
             12.
             
          
           
             *
             Iren.
             lib.
             3.
             cap.
             3.
             
             &
             Polycarpus
             aut●●●non
             solum
             ab
             Apostolis
             edoctus
             &
             conversatus
             cum
             multis
             excis
             ,
             qui
             dominum
             nostrum
             viderunt
             ,
             sed
             etiam
             ab
             Apostolis
             in
             Asia
             ,
             in
             ea
             quae
             est
             Smyrnis
             Ecclesia
             constitututs
             Episcopus
             ,
             qurm
             &
             nos
             vidimus
             in
             prima
             nostra
             aetate
             .
          
           
             *
             Catalog
             ●pt
             .
             Eccles
             .
          
           
             Apol.
             p.
             I●
             .
          
           
             Vid.
             Test
             .
             Veterum
             ad
             frontem
             editionis
             ,
             Oxon
             .