Distant Reader - subject-religionAndScience-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 5 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 354,674 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 70,934 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 88. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

day, one, doth, christ, will, word, sabbath, first, seventh, may, god, water, yet, jehovah, time, law, man, shall, nature, also, scripture, things, new, matter, holy, lord, earth, every, created, must, words, week, made, much, great, rest, now, spirit, days, scriptures, part, body, way, another, self, therefore, many, weekly, air, whole

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Sabbatikh ʻhmepa ʻhmepa ʻimepa, Septima dies, dies desiderabilis, sabbatum Jehovae the seventh-day-sabbath the desirable day, the closing completing day of that first created week, which was, is, and will be, the just measure of all succeeding weeks in their successive courses, both for working in the six foregoing days, and for rest in the seventh, which is the last day, by an unchangeable law of well-established order, both in the revealed word and in created nature. The second part / by Francis Bampfield., All in one, all useful sciences and profitable arts in one book of Jehovah Aelohim, copied out and commented upon in created beings, comprehended and discovered in the fulness and perfection of scr[i]pture-knowledges / by Francis Bampfield ..., and Observations touching the principles of natural motions, and especially touching rarefaction & condensation together with a reply to certain remarks touching the gravitation of fluids / by the author of Difficiles nugae..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

first day, seventh day, ten words, weekly sabbath, new testament, day sabbath, old testament, jesus christ, jehovah aelohim, holy spirit, lord jesus, last day, every one, created beings, created nature, weekly seventh, holy scriptures, one day, whole scripture, created world, material substance, every week, sabbath day, lord christ, one another, sixth day, mount sinai, humane wisdom, jehovah christ, testament dispensation, seven days, every day, humane nature, new theory, first creation, first created, one man, ad motum, will give, six foregoing, foregoing days, six days, early english, high priest, english books, let us, put together, inches diameter, fourth chapter, one place

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are A confutation of atheism from the origin and frame of the world. Part II a sermon preached at St. Martin''s in the Fields, November the 7th, 1692 : being the seventh of the lecture founded by the Honourable Robert Boyle ... / by Richard Bentley ... A vindication of the new theory of the earth from the exceptions of Mr. Keill and others with an historical preface of the occasions of the discoveries therein contain''d, and some corrections and additions., and Observations touching the principles of natural motions, and especially touching rarefaction & condensation together with a reply to certain remarks touching the gravitation of fluids / by the author of Difficiles nugae..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

spirit, earth, word, week, waters, sun, scriptures, psal, new, matter, lord, laws, law, jehovah, god, father, day, creation, cor, christ, world, works, wisdom, wife, weekly, water, vessel, truth, testament, superficies, substance, stars, seventh, science, sabbath, rundle, rest, rarefaction, planets, people, old, nature, mr., moon, moles, man, light, learning, king, keill

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be day, and A vindication of the new theory of the earth from the exceptions of Mr. Keill and others with an historical preface of the occasions of the discoveries therein contain''d, and some corrections and additions. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

day, doth, p., time, things, word, scripture, days, way, part, man, words, scriptures, body, water, self, people, place, men, week, rest, parts, matter, work, nature, name, knowledge, times, others, air, thing, works, psal, weight, reason, years, bodies, truth, places, light, kind, end, one, art, hath, t, order, heart, case, beginning

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, was, have, were, do, had, did, being, made, has, created, been, according, put, make, called, come, given, take, set, give, let, said, say, see, having, know, doth, call, found, speak, concerning, brought, find, written, deut, keep, hath, spoken, am, done, bring, go, pass, taken, suppose, believe, think

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

〉, ◊, 〈, christ, sabbath, l., f., r., god, jehovah, law, lord, word, earth, spirit, aelohim, seventh, gen., nature, holy, water, john, testament, new, day, mat, world, matter, father, cor, p., man, thou, isai, grace, old, moses, psal, covenant, heaven, week, sun, q, faith, adam, church, q., hath, air, heb

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, his, they, he, their, i, them, its, him, we, my, our, himself, me, us, themselves, thy, her, you, she, your, thee, ''em, one, u, mine, theirs, ye, ours, s, p, f, o, em, whereof, whence, w, vvhat, us''d, thou, myself, impair''d, e, b

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, such, same, first, great, seventh, many, own, more, several, whole, true, particular, weekly, much, natural, new, doth, last, good, proper, holy, common, former, present, little, old, second, full, right, distinct, spiritual, glorious, equal, like, least, certain, wise, third, useful, fourth, special, due, real, perfect, contrary, greater, very, different, less

not, so, also, then, more, here, only, thus, now, up, out, therefore, yet, as, well, there, in, even, still, much, forth, most, together, very, before, somewhat, ever, especially, far, never, further, thereof, too, again, all, down, particularly, away, sometimes, often, once, over, first, expresly, long, off, thereby, on, else, otherwise

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

Thank you for using the Distant Reader.