subject-scotland-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 341 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 6,444,937 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 18,900 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 83. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

king, one, will, may, yet, time, shall, god, great, made, men, first, now, scotland, lord, us, many, might, without, good, church, england, much, also, parliament, man, make, english, therefore, power, people, two, kings, lords, well, part, act, day, must, take, never, christ, text, found, though, law, queen, things, right, scots

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The history of Scotland written in Latin by George Buchanan ; faithfully rendered into English., A compleat history of the lives and reigns of, Mary Queen of Scotland, and of her son and successor, James the Sixth, King of Scotland, and (after Queen Elizabeth) King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, the First ... reconciling several opinions in testimony of her, and confuting others, in vindication of him, against two scandalous authors, 1. The court and character of King James, 2. The history of Great Britain ... / by William Sanderson, Esq., and The decisions of the Lords of council & session in the most important cases debate before them with the acts of sederunt as also, an alphabetical compend of the decisions : with an index of the acts of sederunt, and the pursuers and defenders names, from June 1661 to July 1681 / Sir James Dalrymple ....

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

early english, english books, books online, creation partnership, text creation, page images, mean time, privy council, lords found, king james, let us, every one, image sets, tcp schema, represented either, characters represented, early works, eodem die, king iames, will never, sir james, protestant religion, one another, king charles, sir george, without asking, every man, lord jesus, online text, proquest page, institutions providing, pfs batch, asking permission, creative commons, tiff page, encoded edition, commercial purposes, images scanned, tcp assigned, markup reviewed, encoded text, providing financial, xml conversion, iv tiff, bit group, batch review, financial support, text transcribed, image set, work described

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are [Act] and order of council, for sequestrating the rents of such as are in rebellion against their Majesties At Edinburgh, the 3d day of January, 1690. His Majesties proclamation in Scotland: with an explanation of the meaning of the Oath and Covenant. By the Lord Marquesse, his Majesties high commissioner. Set forth by the Kings speciall licence, and His Majesties letter to the Privy Council of Scotland, for opening the signet, and intimating the sitting of the session..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

tcp, king, parliament, scotland, england, lord, english, church, government, early, god, majesties, kingdom, scots, majesty, council, people, kingdome, act, nation, religion, prince, army, earl, country, ministers, law, assembly, subjects, covenant, court, authority, queen, man, laws, castle, duke, son, power, men, master, french, countrey, state, robert, james, iohn, bishops, acts, tei

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be king, and A proclamation appointing some forraigne species of gold and silver to be current is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

1. god - Joshua redivivus, or, Mr. Rutherfoord''s letters divided into two parts, the first, containing these which were written from Aberdeen, where he was confined by a sentence of the high commission ... partly on account of his non-conformance : the second, containing some which were written from Anwoth ... / now published for the use of all the people of God ... by a wellwisher to the work & people of God.
2. king - The abridgement or summarie of the Scots chronicles with a short description of their originall, from the comming of Gathelus their first progenitor out of Græcia into Egypt. And their comming into Portingall and Spaine, and of their kings and gouernours in Spaine, Ireland and Albion, now called Scotland, (howbeit the whole number are not extant) with a true chronologie of all their kings. Their reignes, deaths and burials, from Fergusius the first king of Scotland, vntill his Royall Maiestie, now happily raigning ouer all Great Brittaine and Ireland, and all the isles to them appertaining. With a true description and diuision of the whole realme of Scotland, and of the principall cities, townes, abbies, fortes, castles, towers and riuers, and of the commodities in euery part thereof, and of the isles in generall, with a memoriall of the most rare and wonderfull things in Scotland. By Iohn Monipennie.
3. lords - The decisions of the Lords of council & session in the most important cases debate before them with the acts of sederunt as also, an alphabetical compend of the decisions : with an index of the acts of sederunt, and the pursuers and defenders names, from June 1661 to July 1681 / Sir James Dalrymple ...

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

1. king, church, god - The fundamental charter of Presbytery as it hath been lately established in the kingdom of Scotland examin''d and disprov''d by the history, records, and publick transactions of our nation : together with a preface, wherein the vindicator of the Kirk is freely put in mind of his habitual infirmities.
2. king, text, scotland - A proclamation, appointing a rendezvous of the militia-regiments in several shires, & calling out the heretors, &c.
3. god, christ, shall - Joshua redivivus, or, Mr. Rutherfoord''s letters divided into two parts, the first, containing these which were written from Aberdeen, where he was confined by a sentence of the high commission ... partly on account of his non-conformance : the second, containing some which were written from Anwoth ... / now published for the use of all the people of God ... by a wellwisher to the work & people of God.
4. king, lords, having - The decisions of the Lords of council & session in the most important cases debate before them with the acts of sederunt as also, an alphabetical compend of the decisions : with an index of the acts of sederunt, and the pursuers and defenders names, from June 1661 to July 1681 / Sir James Dalrymple ...
5. lord, king, scots - A catalogue of the nobility of England, Scotland, and Ireland With an addition of the baronets of England, the dates of their patents, the seuerall creations of the knights of the Bath, from the coronation of King Iames, to this present. Collected by T.W.

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

time, men, man, people, part, day, things, power, others, kings, way, thing, nothing, reason, place, text, death, name, years, subjects, self, hath, none, king, words, hand, religion, cause, case, rest, order, person, life, hands, end, persons, p., enemies, matter, year, work, peace, times, number, world, word, brother, author, manner, love

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

was, be, is, were, have, had, are, being, did, been, made, said, do, make, having, take, found, done, come, say, give, taken, sent, called, see, put, came, given, let, know, according, thought, set, think, answered, brought, am, has, gave, hath, seeing, received, granted, concerning, took, prove, left, call, went, ''s

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

king, god, scotland, lord, england, parliament, church, christ, lords, english, earl, queen, sir, act, majesty, scots, hath, 〉, tcp, ●, law, ◊, earle, kingdom, bishop, 〈, c., edinburgh, prince, mr., james, william, france, ye, government, iohn, court, castle, council, bishops, ministers, assembly, majesties, army, duke, robert, john, son, religion, douglas

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

his, it, he, they, their, i, them, him, our, we, you, your, her, my, us, himself, themselves, me, she, its, thy, theirs, thee, one, ours, ye, yours, mine, ''em, ay, itself, whereof, ourselves, ib, ''s, hers, herself, em, us''d, l, vp, s, ian, yourself, yee, myself, whosoever, †, vvith, march''d

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, such, great, same, many, own, good, first, more, true, much, whole, last, little, present, most, former, new, second, several, common, late, old, next, few, least, greater, free, particular, early, able, full, best, better, sufficient, long, english, private, due, general, publick, small, high, greatest, third, very, necessary, certain, like, ancient

not, so, then, now, also, more, only, therefore, as, most, up, very, yet, never, well, out, there, much, ever, here, thereof, even, thus, first, in, far, onely, too, rather, before, again, together, away, long, down, still, indeed, especially, over, off, all, no, just, forth, further, once, on, almost, likewise, otherwise

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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