Of the medals and coins of Scotland
         Nicolson, William, 1655-1727.
      
       
         
           1709
        
      
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             Of the medals and coins of Scotland
             Nicolson, William, 1655-1727.
          
           32 p.
           
             s.n.,
             [London? :
             1700]
          
           
             By William Nicolson.
             Caption title.
             Imprint from Wing.
             Reproduction of the original in the Goldsmiths Collection, University of London.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Coins -- Early works to 1800.
           Scotland -- History -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           CHAP.
           I.
           Of
           the
           Med●●●
           and
           Coins
           of
           Scotland
           .
        
         
           THere
           are
           not
           many
           Scotch
           Coins
           found
           on
           the
           Borders
           of
           the
           Two
           Kingdoms
           ,
           notwithstanding
           the
           frequent
           Conflicts
           that
           have
           happen'd
           there
           :
           And
           one
           great
           Reason
           ,
           why
           they
           are
           more
           rarely
           met
           with
           than
           the
           English
           ,
           is
           because
           (
           as
           our
           Edward
           the
           Second
           observ'd
           in
           his
           (a)
           Speech
           )
           the
           Kings
           of
           Scotland
           used
           not
           ,
           in
           old
           Time
           ,
           to
           pay
           their
           Armies
           ,
           but
           every
           Man
           follow'd
           at
           his
           own
           Expence
           ,
           and
           carry'd
           his
           own
           Provisions
           .
           He
           that
           wrote
           the
           short
           Catalogue
           of
           the
           King
           's
           prefix'd
           to
           H.
           Boethius's
           History
           (
           I
           speak
           thus
           doubtingly
           of
           it
           ,
           because
           it
           could
           not
           be
           written
           by
           that
           Historian
           himself
           ,
           since
           it
           concludes
           with
           Queen
           
           Mary's
           two
           Husbands
           )
           affirms
           roundly
           that
           there
           was
           no
           coin'd
           Mony
           in
           the
           Days
           of
           K.
           Reutha
           ;
           but
           that
           all
           manner
           of
           Payments
           ,
           of
           Wages
           or
           Prices
           ,
           were
           made
           in
           Corn
           or
           Beef
           .
           In
           the
           (b)
           History
           it self
           this
           King
           is
           said
           to
           have
           order'd
           the
           Salaries
           of
           Men
           of
           different
           Professions
           in
           a
           certain
           and
           critical
           manner
           ;
           so
           as
           that
           a
           Counsellor
           at
           Law
           was
           to
           have
           the
           
           Ox's
           Tongue
           ,
           the
           Physician
           two
           Ribs
           out
           of
           each
           of
           his
           sides
           ,
           &c.
           
           Bishop
           (c)
           Lesley
           indeed
           reports
           this
           matter
           much
           otherwise
           ;
           and
           assures
           us
           that
           King
           Reutha
           coin'd
           Mony
           of
           Leather
           ,
           
             Numum
             ex
             corio
             bubulo
             cudi
             jussit
          
           :
           But
           ,
           long
           after
           this
           ,
           the
           Brigantes
           are
           (d)
           said
           to
           have
           been
           Strangers
           to
           the
           Use
           of
           any
           sort
           of
           Coin
           ,
           their
           whole
           Treasure
           (
           in
           
           aractacus's
           Reign
           being
           
             in
             re
             pecuaria
          
           ,
           in
           their
           Stocks
           of
           Cattle
           .
        
         
         
           
           We
           are
           told
           that
           (e)
           Brudus
           King
           of
           the
           Picts
           ,
           sent
           a
           considerable
           Sum
           [
           
             missa
             ad
             eum
             ingenti
             pecuniae
             vi
          
           ]
           to
           the
           Saxon
           King
           Edwine
           ,
           as
           his
           Stipendiary
           against
           the
           Scots
           :
           But
           ,
           whether
           this
           was
           of
           his
           own
           or
           some
           foreign
           Coin
           ,
           we
           are
           not
           inform'd
           .
        
         
           
           'T
           is
           probable
           enough
           that
           some
           sort
           of
           coin'd
           Money
           they
           had
           ,
           even
           long
           before
           that
           Time
           ,
           if
           their
           Neighbours
           the
           Scots
           were
           made
           acquainted
           with
           the
           Thing
           as
           early
           as
           K.
           Donald
           the
           First
           's
           Days
           .
           And
           so
           says
           (f)
           
             H.
             Boethius
          
           ,
           whose
           very
           expressions
           are
           mostly
           transcrib'd
           by
           the
           following
           Historians
           ,
           and
           are
           these
           :
           Donaldus
           ,
           
             primus
             omnium
          
           Scotorum
           
             Regum
             ,
             ut
             in
             Nostris
             Annalibus
             proditum
             est
             memoriae
             ,
             Nummum
             Argenteum
             Aureumque
             signavit
             ,
             una
             parte
             salutiferae
             Crucis
             ,
             altera
             sui
             ipsius
             Effigie
             expressa
             ,
             quo
             suscepta
             a
             se
             primum
             inter
          
           Scotos
           
             Reges
             Christianae
             pietatis
             memoriam
             ad
             posteros
             propagaret
             .
             Enimvero
             Nostrates
             antea
             aut
             nulla
             pecunia
             signata
             ,
             sed
             ejus
             loco
             Mercibus
             Commmutationis
             Causa
             ,
             aut
          
           Romana
           aut
           Britannica
           ,
           
             in
             Commerciis
             utebantur
          
           .
           He
           proves
           the
           latter
           part
           of
           this
           Story
           from
           great
           Quantities
           of
           Roman
           Money
           found
           in
           Fife
           and
           other
           Parts
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           but
           his
           Authorities
           for
           the
           rest
           ,
           which
           is
           of
           chief
           Concern
           to
           us
           are
           omitted
           .
        
         
           
           I
           do
           not
           much
           doubt
           but
           that
           these
           Parts
           of
           Great
           Britain
           have
           all
           along
           maintain'd
           their
           Commerce
           (
           and
           may
           they
           ever
           continue
           to
           do
           so
           !
           )
           in
           the
           same
           Methods
           and
           Fashion
           with
           those
           that
           are
           more
           Southern
           :
           So
           that
           the
           Value
           of
           Money
           ,
           and
           the
           Prices
           of
           Goods
           ,
           have
           generally
           been
           at
           a
           par
           amongst
           the
           several
           Nations
           which
           antiently
           inhabited
           this
           Island
           .
           An
           early
           Instance
           we
           have
           of
           this
           in
           the
           (g)
           Laws
           of
           King
           Malcolm
           the
           Second
           ,
           wherein
           
             a
             Colpindach
          
           (
           or
           young
           Heifer
           )
           is
           valu'd
           at
           Thirty
           Pence
           ;
           the
           very
           same
           Price
           which
           is
           set
           on
           an
           Ox
           in
           some
           of
           our
           (h)
           Saxon
           Laws
           ,
           which
           are
           supposd
           to
           have
           been
           Enacted
           about
           the
           same
           Time.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           II.
           Of
           the
           Scottish
           Gold
           Coins
           .
        
         
           HOW
           long
           the
           Scots
           have
           coin'd
           Gold
           is
           very
           uncrtain
           ;
           tho'
           ,
           I
           think
           ,
           we
           may
           (
           in
           the
           Gross
           )
           venture
           to
           affirm
           that
           they
           hardly
           did
           it
           before
           the
           English
           :
           And
           we
           have
           elsewhere
           ascrib'd
           the
           Beginning
           of
           the
           Matter
           there
           to
           K.
           Edward
           the
           Third
           .
           What
           the
           (i)
           
             Nummus
             Aureus
          
           was
           which
           
             Macolm
             Camnoir
          
           appointed
           to
           be
           paid
           in
           Lieu
           of
           that
           obscenc
           Privilege
           given
           to
           the
           Grandees
           of
           Scotland
           by
           Euenus
           the
           Third
           ,
           upon
           the
           Marriage
           of
           their
           Tenants
           and
           Vassals
           ,
           I
           cannot
           certainly
           tell
           ;
           tho'
           my
           Author
           says
           't
           was
           of
           the
           same
           kind
           with
           what
           (
           in
           his
           own
           Time
           )
           was
           well
           enough
           kown
           by
           the
           Name
           of
           
             Marcheta
             .
             Dimidiata
          
           Argenti
           Marca
           is
           the
           Expression
           he
           (k)
           elsewhere
           uses
           ;
           and
           I
           suppose
           this
           may
           suit
           the
           Thing
           better
           than
           
             Nummus
             Aureus
          
           .
           The
           five
           last
           Chapters
           in
           the
           
             Regiam
             Majestatem
          
           are
           observ'd
           to
           be
           of
           a
           suspected
           Authority
           ;
           or
           ,
           otherwise
           ,
           we
           might
           seem
           to
           have
           a
           pretty
           good
           Evidence
           of
           K.
           David
           the
           Firsts
           coining
           of
           Gold
           :
           For
           thus
           runs
           one
           of
           the
           Laws
           ,
           (l)
           
             Pro
             Vulnere
             in
             facie
             vulnerans
             dabit
             unam
             peciam
          
           Auri
           ,
           
             videlicet
             ,
             unam
             Imaginem
          
           Auri.
           These
           are
           all
           Uncertainties
           .
        
         
         
           Before
           we
           enter
           upon
           the
           Times
           wherein
           we
           have
           better
           Light
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           convenient
           to
           to
           observe
           two
           Things
           to
           the
           Reader
           :
           1.
           
           That
           the
           Proportion
           betwixt
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           ,
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           has
           usually
           been
           as
           One
           to
           Twelve
           ;
           so
           that
           when
           the
           Ounce
           of
           Gold
           was
           at
           three
           Pounds
           ,
           the
           Ounce
           of
           Silver
           went
           at
           five
           Shillings
           ,
           &c.
           
           This
           is
           more
           particularly
           clear'd
           in
           a
           Manuscript
           Note
           of
           (m)
           Sir
           James
           Balfour's
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           call'd
           
             Prysses
             of
             the
             Cunzie
             in
             the
             hail
             tyme
             of
             Ja.
          
           1.
           
           Ja.
           2.
           
           Ja.
           3.
           
           Ja
           4.
           
           Ja.
           5.
           
             and
             Queine
             Marey
          
           .
           A.
           D.
           1437.
           (
           says
           that
           Note
           )
           K.
           James
           the
           First
           at
           his
           Death
           ,
           had
           a
           Standard
           equal
           to
           that
           of
           England
           :
           Silver
           was
           at
           5
           
             s.
             (
             Scots
          
           )
           the
           Ounce
           ,
           and
           Gold
           at
           3
           
             l.
             A.
          
           D.
           1440.
           
           K.
           James
           the
           Second
           rais'd
           Silver
           to
           8
           s.
           the
           Ounce
           ;
           and
           Gold
           to
           4
           l.
           19
           
             s.
             A.
          
           D.
           1466.
           
           James
           the
           Third
           rais'd
           the
           Silver
           (
           first
           )
           to
           10
           s.
           8
           d.
           and
           the
           Gold
           to
           5
           l.
           12
           s.
           afterwards
           he
           again
           mounted
           the
           Ounce
           of
           Silver
           to
           12
           s.
           in
           November
           ,
           1475.
           but
           (
           in
           February
           1483.
           )
           he
           reduced
           it
           to
           11
           s.
           8
           d.
           The
           Gold
           he
           advanc'd
           to
           6
           l.
           A.
           D.
           1489.
           
           James
           the
           Fourth
           kept
           both
           at
           the
           last
           mention'd
           Value
           .
           There
           are
           no
           remaining
           Acts
           of
           Council
           ,
           concerning
           Coinage
           ,
           in
           K.
           James
           the
           Fifth's
           Time
           ;
           tho'
           great
           Alterations
           were
           made
           in
           that
           Reign
           .
           The
           
           Douglas-Groats
           (
           of
           10
           d.
           fine
           )
           and
           Babies
           (
           of
           3
           d.
           fine
           )
           were
           then
           brought
           in
           use
           ;
           as
           were
           likewise
           the
           Bonnet-pieces
           of
           Gold.
           He
           left
           the
           Ounce
           of
           Silver
           at
           19
           s.
           9
           d.
           and
           Gold
           at
           12
           
             l.
             A.
          
           D.
           1542.
           
           In
           Q.
           
           Mary's
           time
           the
           Ounce
           of
           Silver
           rose
           to
           30
           s.
           and
           she
           coin'd
           Placks
           (
           of
           only
           2
           d.
           fine
           )
           at
           4
           l.
           16
           s.
           the
           Ounce
           2.
           
           Another
           Thing
           whereof
           I
           am
           to
           admonish
           the
           Reader
           is
           ,
           that
           he
           will
           find
           the
           Weight
           of
           the
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           (
           in
           the
           following
           Account
           of
           the
           Coins
           of
           both
           Metals
           )
           computed
           by
           different
           Standards
           .
           In
           the
           former
           is
           observ'd
           that
           of
           the
           Goldsmiths
           of
           
           Edinburgh
           ;
           who
           divide
           their
           Ounce
           into
           sixteen
           Drops
           ,
           and
           their
           Drop
           into
           36
           Grains
           ,
           27
           of
           their
           Grains
           making
           our
           Penny-weight
           .
           In
           weighing
           of
           the
           Silver
           Coins
           ,
           I
           have
           kept
           to
           our
           common
           English
           Weights
           ;
           by
           Ounces
           ,
           Penny-weights
           and
           Grains
           .
           The
           Reason
           of
           this
           Difference
           ,
           is
           ,
           because
           all
           the
           Golden
           Coins
           are
           now
           in
           the
           Possession
           of
           (
           my
           worthy
           and
           communicative
           Friend
           )
           Mr.
           
             James
             Southerland
          
           ;
           who
           was
           pleas'd
           nicely
           to
           examine
           their
           several
           Weights
           by
           the
           Standard
           of
           his
           own
           Country
           .
           Most
           of
           the
           Silver-pieces
           are
           in
           the
           Hands
           of
           the
           most
           Reverend
           Father
           in
           GOD
           ,
           the
           present
           Lord
           Archbishop
           of
           York
           ;
           and
           his
           Grace
           ,
           among
           the
           many
           generous
           Acts
           of
           Favour
           which
           I
           have
           had
           from
           him
           ,
           has
           kindly
           obliged
           me
           with
           his
           own
           most
           learned
           and
           curious
           Remarks
           upon
           '
           em
           .
           These
           two
           Things
           premis'd
           ,
           I
           begin
           the
           Scottish
           Coins
           in
           Gold.
           
        
         
           These
           ,
           as
           I
           take
           it
           ,
           
           cannot
           be
           carry'd
           higher
           than
           the
           Sovereignty
           of
           the
           Royal
           Family
           of
           the
           Stewarts
           ;
           the
           eldest
           Golden
           Coin
           of
           Scotland
           seeming
           to
           be
           no
           older
           than
           the
           Reign
           of
           K.
           Robert
           the
           Second
           .
           To
           this
           Prince
           ,
           I
           suppose
           ,
           belong
           the
           Three
           following
           :
        
         
           1.
           
           The
           Scotch
           Lyon
           within
           a
           Shield
           crowned
           ,
           a
           small
           Circle
           about
           the
           Shield
           ,
           and
           
             Robertus
             Dei
             Gracia
             Rex
             Scot.
          
           Rev.
           St.
           Andrew
           on
           the
           Cross
           ,
           betwixt
           two
           
           Flower-de-Lys's
           ,
           with
           
             Dns.
             Protector
          
           MS.
           
           
             &
             Libera
          
           .
           Weight
           1
           Dr.
           9
           Gr.
           
        
         
           2.
           
           Another
           differs
           only
           in
           the
           Words
           Liberato
           and
           Scoto
           ,
           and
           the
           Weight
           is
           but
           1
           Dr.
           
        
         
           3.
           
           The
           Scotch
           Lyon
           in
           a
           Shield
           not
           crown'd
           .
           
             Robertus
             Dei
             G.
             Rex
             
             Sco.
             
          
           R.
           St.
           
           Andrew's
           Cross
           ,
           with
           two
           Flower-de-Lys
           and
           two
           
             Trefoils
             .
             Dns.
             Protector
             MS.
          
           W.
           20
           Gr.
           
        
         
           The
           five
           next
           I
           guess
           to
           belong
           to
           Robert
           the
           Third
           ;
           
           since
           they
           carry
           a
           Motto
           ,
           on
           the
           Reverse
           ,
           which
           was
           not
           (
           I
           think
           )
           more
           early
           in
           this
           Isle
           .
           K.
           Henry
           the
           Fifth
           was
           the
           first
           that
           
           bore
           it
           in
           England
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           (n)
           
             Le
             Blanc
          
           gives
           this
           Motto
           on
           a
           Coin
           which
           he
           ascribes
           to
           K.
           Lewis
           the
           VII
           .
           which
           would
           carry
           the
           Antiquity
           of
           an
           Inscription
           somewhat
           higher
           :
           But
           he
           that
           curiously
           examines
           that
           Coin
           will
           find
           the
           Shield
           of
           the
           Royal
           Arms
           enclos'd
           in
           a
           Rose
           not
           used
           in
           England
           before
           Edward
           the
           Third's
           Time
           :
           And
           ,
           if
           the
           Fashions
           of
           Money
           were
           brought
           from
           France
           hither
           (
           as
           perhaps
           every
           Body
           will
           allow
           )
           yet
           I
           think
           all
           agree
           that
           we
           followed
           their
           Example
           pretty
           early
           ,
           as
           the
           Scots
           did
           ours
           .
           So
           that
           it
           may
           be
           worth
           the
           considering
           anew
           ,
           whether
           this
           Coin
           be
           truly
           so
           old
           as
           
             Le
             Blanc
          
           puts
           it
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           The
           Scotch
           Lyon
           within
           a
           Shield
           crown'd
           ,
           
             Robertus
             Dei
             Gra.
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           .
           R.
           St.
           Andrew
           stretched
           upon
           his
           Cross
           ,
           
             XPC.
             Regnat
             .
             XPC.
             Vincit
             .
             XPC.
             imp
             .
          
           W.
           2
           Dr.
           
        
         
           2.
           
           Different
           only
           from
           the
           former
           in
           
             Robertus
             Dei
             Gratia
             Rex
             Sco.
          
           W.
           1
           Dr.
           4
           Gr.
           
        
         
           3.
           
           The
           Shield
           not
           crown'd
           ,
           
             Robertus
             Dei
             G.
             Rex
             Scoto
          
           .
           R.
           as
           above
           .
           W.
           1
           Dr.
           
        
         
           4.
           
           The
           Shield
           as
           before
           ,
           
             Robertus
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           .
           The
           Reverse
           the
           same
           with
           the
           two
           last
           mentioned
           .
           W.
           34
           Gr.
           
        
         
           5.
           
           About
           the
           Shield
           (
           not
           crown'd
           )
           a
           Garniture
           somewhat
           representing
           a
           Rose
           ,
           
             Robertus
             Dei
             Gratia
             Rex
             co
          
           .
           R.
           as
           before
           .
           W.
           34
           Gr.
           
        
         
           A
           6th
           without
           co
           .
        
         
           
           King
           James
           the
           First
           may
           probably
           challenge
           the
           two
           next
           ,
           being
           of
           a
           near
           Resemblance
           to
           some
           of
           those
           of
           his
           immediate
           Predecessor
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           The
           Scotch
           Lyon
           in
           a
           Shield
           crown'd
           ,
           betwixt
           two
           
           Flower-de-Lys's
           ,
           
             Jacobus
             Dei
             Gra.
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           .
           R.
           St.
           Andrew
           stretch'd
           on
           the
           Cross
           ,
           
             XPC.
             Regnat
          
           .
           &c.
           W.
           1
           Dr.
           24
           Gr.
           
        
         
         
           2.
           
           A
           small
           Crown
           on
           each
           Side
           of
           the
           Shield
           ,
           
             Jacobus
             D.
             Gratia
             Rex
             Scotor
          
           .
           R.
           The
           
           Flower-de-Lys's
           not
           crown'd
           as
           in
           the
           former
           ,
           
             Salvum
             fac
             populum
             tuum
          
           .
           W.
           1
           Dr.
           24
           Gr.
           
        
         
           In
           the
           Fourteenth
           Year
           of
           King
           (o)
           James
           the
           Second
           ,
           
           it
           was
           enacted
           in
           Parliament
           ,
           That
           
             there
             should
             be
             striken
             a
             new
             Penny
             in
             Gold
             ,
             called
             a
          
           Lyon
           ,
           
             with
             the
             Print
             of
             the
          
           Lyon
           
             on
             th'
             ane
             Side
             ,
             and
             the
             Image
             of
             St.
          
           Andrew
           
             on
             the
             other
             Side
             ,
             with
             a
             side
             Coat
             even
             to
             his
             Fute
             ,
             halding
             the
             samin
             Weight
             of
             the
             Half
          
           English
           Noble
           .
           This
           was
           to
           go
           at
           6
           s.
           8
           d.
           and
           its
           Half
           at
           3
           s.
           4
           d.
           exactly
           at
           the
           same
           Rates
           with
           the
           Demy
           and
           Half
           Demy
           .
           Afterwards
           ,
           in
           his
           (p)
           Eighteenth
           Year
           ,
           the
           Demy
           and
           new
           Lyon
           were
           order'd
           to
           go
           at
           10
           s.
           Of
           one
           Sort
           or
           other
           of
           these
           are
           the
           six
           following
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           The
           Scotch
           Shield
           crown'd
           ,
           with
           a
           crown'd
           Flower-de-Lys
           on
           each
           Side
           ,
           and
           
             Jacobus
             Dei
             Gracia
             Rex
             Sco.
          
           R.
           St.
           Andrew
           as
           above
           ,
           
             Salvum
             fac
             Pplum
          
           .
           W.
           27
           Gr.
           
        
         
           2.
           
           The
           Flower-de-Lys's
           on
           the
           Sides
           of
           the
           Shield
           not
           crown'd
           ,
           
             Jacobus
             Dei
             Gra.
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           .
           R.
           St.
           Andrew
           on
           the
           Cross
           ,
           with
           Flowers
           uncrown'd
           ,
           
             Salvum
             fac
             Pplum
             Domine
          
           .
           W.
           27
           Gr.
           
        
         
           3.
           
           St.
           Andrew
           carrying
           his
           Cross
           ,
           
             Jacobus
             Dei
             Gratia
             Rex
             Sco.
          
           R.
           The
           Lyon
           in
           a
           Shield
           crown'd
           ,
           
             Salvum
             fac
             Populum
             tuum
             Domine
          
           .
           W.
           1
           Dr.
           20
           Gr.
           
        
         
           4.
           
           The
           Lyon
           within
           a
           Shield
           in
           Form
           of
           a
           Lozenge
           ,
           with
           a
           small
           Crown
           over
           it
           ,
           
             Jacobus
             Dei
             Gratia
             Rex
             Sc.
          
           R.
           A
           small
           St.
           
           Andrew's
           Cross
           betwixt
           two
           small
           Flower-de-Lys's
           ,
           within
           a
           pretty
           hexagonal
           Star
           ,
           each
           Point
           ending
           in
           a
           Flower-de-Lys
           ,
           with
           a
           small
           Rose
           betwixt
           every
           two
           Points
           ,
           
             Salvum
             fac
             Populum
             tuum
             Do.
          
           W.
           1
           Dr.
           27
           Gr.
           
        
         
         
           5.
           
           A
           Piece
           of
           the
           same
           Size
           and
           Stamp
           with
           the
           last
           mentioned
           .
           W.
           1
           Dr.
           18
           Gr.
           
        
         
           6.
           
           Another
           of
           the
           same
           Stamp
           ,
           but
           somewhat
           smaller
           Size
           .
           W.
           30
           Gr.
           
        
         
           
           James
           the
           Third
           ,
           in
           his
           (q)
           third
           Parliament
           ,
           order'd
           the
           Demy
           and
           Lyon
           to
           be
           rais'd
           to
           12
           s.
           but
           ,
           in
           the
           (r)
           next
           he
           held
           ,
           which
           happend
           to
           be
           within
           a
           very
           few
           Months
           ,
           they
           both
           return'd
           to
           their
           old
           Value
           of
           10
           s.
           In
           his
           (s)
           Eighth
           ,
           the
           Demy
           is
           set
           at
           13
           s.
           4
           d.
           and
           the
           
             Scottis
             Crown
          
           (
           which
           ,
           I
           imagine
           ,
           is
           only
           another
           Name
           for
           the
           Lyon
           )
           at
           13.
           
           In
           his
           (t)
           Thirteenth
           ,
           a
           fine
           
             Penny
             of
             Gold
          
           is
           order'd
           to
           be
           stricken
           of
           the
           Weight
           and
           Fineness
           of
           the
           Rose-Noble
           ,
           which
           is
           to
           pass
           at
           the
           Value
           of
           30
           new
           Groats
           ,
           of
           ten
           in
           the
           Ounce
           of
           fine
           Silver
           .
           Another
           
             Penny
             of
             Gold
          
           ,
           of
           the
           same
           Inscription
           ,
           to
           go
           for
           20
           Groats
           ;
           and
           a
           third
           for
           10.
           
           Of
           the
           two
           latter
           Kinds
           ,
           I
           suppose
           ,
           are
           these
           two
           :
        
         
           1.
           
           An
           Unicorn
           holding
           a
           Shield
           with
           the
           Scotch
           Lyon
           ,
           a
           small
           St.
           
           Andrew's
           Cross
           under
           the
           Unicorn's
           Feet
           ,
           and
           
             Jacobus
             Dei
             Gra.
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           .
           R.
           A
           Cross
           Flory
           ,
           charg'd
           with
           a
           great
           blazing
           Star
           ,
           
             Exurgat
             De.
             &
             dissipent
             .
             Nimici
             ej
             .
          
           W.
           2
           Dr.
           
        
         
           2.
           
           A
           Piece
           of
           the
           same
           Stamp
           ,
           but
           smaller
           Size
           .
           W.
           33
           Gr.
           
        
         
           
           James
           the
           Fourth
           ,
           in
           his
           very
           (u)
           first
           Year
           ,
           coin'd
           Money
           (
           both
           of
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           )
           of
           the
           same
           Weight
           and
           Fineness
           with
           that
           of
           his
           Father
           ;
           and
           some
           of
           'em
           seem
           to
           have
           carry'd
           the
           very
           same
           Impression
           .
           The
           following
           four
           may
           probably
           belong
           to
           this
           King
           :
        
         
           1.
           
           One
           exactly
           stamp'd
           as
           those
           two
           are
           which
           we
           have
           allotted
           to
           the
           foregoing
           Reign
           ,
           varying
           only
           the
           first
           Legend
           thus
           :
           Jacobus
           4.
           
           
             Dei
             Gra.
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           .
           W.
           2
           Dr.
           
        
         
         
           2.
           
           The
           King
           on
           Horse-back
           in
           Armour
           holding
           a
           Sword
           ,
           circumscrib'd
           
             Jacobus
             Dei
             Gra.
             Rex
             Scotor
          
           .
           R.
           The
           Scotch
           Lyon
           in
           a
           Shield
           crown'd
           ,
           with
           a
           great
           Cross
           reaching
           the
           outer
           Ring
           of
           the
           Piece
           ,
           
             Salvum
             fac
             populum
             tuum
             Domine
          
           .
           W.
           2
           Dr.
           18
           Gr.
           
        
         
           3.
           
           The
           same
           with
           the
           former
           ,
           saving
           that
           the
           Legends
           are
           transpos'd
           .
           Jacobus
           ,
           &c.
           being
           about
           the
           Shield
           .
           W.
           1
           Dr.
           18
           Gr.
           
        
         
           4.
           
           A
           lesser
           Piece
           of
           the
           same
           Stamp
           with
           the
           last
           .
           W.
           22
           Gr.
           
        
         
           In
           the
           old
           (x)
           Ordinance
           of
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           there
           's
           a
           Piece
           (
           call'd
           the
           
             Croone
             van
             Schotlandt
          
           )
           which
           seems
           to
           be
           of
           this
           King
           's
           coining
           .
           It
           bears
           the
           Shield
           of
           Scotland
           crown'd
           ,
           and
           
             Jacobus
             Dei
             Gra.
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           IIII.
           R.
           St.
           Andrew
           on
           the
           Cross
           ,
           and
           
             Salvum
             fac
             populum
             tuum
             Domine
          
           .
           It
           s
           Weight
           is
           set
           at
           2
           Dr.
           16
           Gr.
           
        
         
           Betwixt
           this
           King
           and
           his
           Son
           (
           and
           Successor
           )
           King
           James
           the
           Fifth
           ,
           we
           ought
           to
           place
           a
           Noble
           Medal
           in
           Gold
           ,
           
           struck
           by
           John
           Duke
           of
           Albany
           the
           great
           Governour
           of
           Scotland
           in
           the
           young
           King's
           Minority
           .
           It
           bears
           the
           Duke
           and
           Dutchess's
           Arms
           in
           a
           Shield
           crown'd
           with
           a
           Ducal
           Crown
           ,
           a
           large
           Cross
           throughout
           the
           Field
           ,
           and
           
             Joannis
             Albaniae
             Duc.
             Gubern
          
           .
           R.
           A
           Dove
           spreading
           her
           Wings
           on
           the
           Top
           of
           another
           Shield
           with
           the
           Duke
           's
           own
           Coat
           of
           Arms
           ,
           1524.
           and
           circumscrib'd
           
             Sub
             Umbra
             Tuarum
          
           .
           Weight
           7
           Dr.
           
        
         
           There
           are
           also
           some
           Pieces
           of
           James
           the
           Fifth
           himself
           ,
           
           which
           seem
           to
           be
           of
           the
           Medal-kind
           ,
           rather
           than
           intended
           for
           an
           ordinary
           current
           Coin.
           Such
           I
           take
           the
           three
           following
           to
           be
           :
        
         
           1.
           
           A
           massy
           one
           (
           as
           broad
           as
           a
           new
           English
           Half-crown
           ,
           and
           very
           thick
           )
           bearing
           the
           Scotch
           Shield
           crown'd
           betwixt
           two
           small
           Crosses
           ,
           with
           Jacobus
           5.
           
           
             Dei
             Gra.
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           .
           
           R.
           A
           Cross
           Floree
           ,
           with
           ,
           with
           four
           Thistle-heads
           ,
           inscrib'd
           
             Crucis
             Arma
             sequamur
          
           .
           W.
           1
           Ounce
           .
           2
           Dr.
           30
           Gr.
           
        
         
           2.
           
           A
           smaller
           of
           the
           same
           Stamp
           with
           the
           former
           .
           W.
           1
           Dr.
           24
           Gr.
           
        
         
           3.
           
           The
           King
           in
           Bust
           ,
           crown'd
           ,
           Jacobus
           5.
           
           
             Dei
             Gra.
             Rex
             Scotor
          
           .
           R.
           The
           Scotch
           Lyion
           in
           a
           Shield
           not
           crown'd
           ,
           with
           a
           large
           Cross
           through
           it
           ,
           inscrib'd
           
             Villa
             Edinbrugh
          
           .
           W.
           7
           Dr.
           27
           Gr.
           
        
         
           Indeed
           the
           common
           Golden
           Coins
           of
           this
           Reign
           (
           well
           known
           by
           the
           Name
           of
           Bonnet-pieces
           ,
           and
           said
           to
           have
           been
           coin'd
           out
           of
           Gold
           found
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Scotland
           )
           are
           extreamly
           beautiful
           ,
           and
           little
           inferiour
           to
           the
           finest
           Medals
           .
           Of
           these
           they
           have
           the
           four
           following
           :
        
         
           1.
           
           The
           King
           in
           Bust
           ,
           with
           a
           Scotch
           Bonnet
           on
           his
           Head
           ,
           Jacobus
           5.
           
           
             Dei
             G.
             R.
             Scotorum
          
           ,
           1539.
           
           R.
           The
           Scotch
           Shield
           crown'd
           ,
           
             Honor
             Regis
             Judicium
             diligit
          
           .
           W.
           3
           Dr.
           
        
         
           2.
           
           The
           same
           exactly
           ,
           1540.
           
        
         
           3.
           
           Another
           ,
           a
           Third
           less
           ,
           1540.
           
           W.
           2
           Dr.
           
        
         
           4.
           
           Half
           of
           the
           last
           mention'd
           ,
           1540.
           
           W.
           1
           Dr.
           
        
         
           The
           same
           Year
           with
           the
           first
           of
           these
           ,
           there
           was
           another
           Piece
           coin'd
           ,
           of
           the
           same
           Weight
           and
           Size
           with
           the
           Bonnet
           ,
           carrying
           the
           Scotch
           Shield
           crown'd
           and
           incircled
           with
           a
           Chain
           of
           Thistle-heads
           ;
           the
           Inscription
           ,
           JACOBUS
           5.
           
           DEI
           G.
           R.
           SCOTORV
           .
           1539.
           
           R.
           A
           large
           St.
           
           Andrew's
           Cross
           ,
           charg'd
           with
           a
           Crown
           betwixt
           J
           and
           R
           ,
           in
           the
           upper
           Quarter
           a
           Thistle-head
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           lower
           a
           Flower-de-Lys
           ,
           inscrib'd
           ,
           HONOR
           REGIS
           IVDICIVM
           DILIGIT
           .
           'T
           is
           a
           curious
           Rarity
           ;
           and
           very
           lately
           communicated
           to
           me
           by
           Mr.
           Sutherland
           .
        
         
           
           Queen
           
           Mary's
           Life
           (
           in
           all
           the
           several
           Stages
           of
           it
           )
           was
           so
           full
           of
           wonderful
           Circumstances
           ,
           that
           no
           Reign
           afforded
           more
           copious
           Matter
           for
           Medals
           than
           hers
           ;
           and
           yet
           I
           have
           seen
           none
           in
           Gold
           that
           respects
           her
           History
           .
           Mr.
           Sutherland
           indeed
           informs
           me
           ,
           that
           he
           has
           seen
           one
           with
           the
           same
           
           Stamp
           of
           the
           first
           of
           her
           Coins
           ,
           exactly
           of
           the
           Weight
           with
           the
           first
           mention'd
           Medals
           of
           her
           Father
           :
           Which
           I
           take
           to
           have
           been
           struck
           (
           as
           his
           also
           probably
           was
           )
           at
           the
           first
           opening
           of
           her
           Mint
           .
           Her
           ordinary
           Coins
           ,
           in
           that
           Metal
           ,
           are
           these
           :
        
         
           1.
           
           The
           Scotch
           Shield
           crown'd
           ,
           betwixt
           two
           Stars
           ,
           with
           
             Maria
             Dei
             Gra.
             Regina
             Scotorum
          
           .
           R.
           A
           Cross
           Flory
           ,
           with
           a
           Thistle-head
           in
           each
           Quarter
           ,
           and
           
             Crucis
             Arma
             sequamur
          
           .
           W.
           1
           Dr.
           24
           Gr.
           
        
         
           2.
           
           The
           Shield
           as
           above
           ,
           
             Maria
             D.
             G.
             R.
             Scotorum
          
           ,
           1543.
           
           R.
           MR.
           with
           a
           Crown
           above
           ,
           and
           a
           Star
           below
           ,
           
             Ecce
             Ancilla
             Domini
          
           .
           W.
           1
           Dr.
           16
           Gr.
           
        
         
           3.
           
           The
           Shield
           crown'd
           betwixt
           the
           Letters
           J.
           and
           
             G.
             Maria
             D.
             G.
             Scotorum
             Regina
             .
          
           R.
           A
           Cypher
           including
           all
           the
           Letters
           of
           
             Maria
             Regina
          
           ,
           with
           a
           Crown
           above
           and
           a
           Star
           on
           each
           side
           ,
           
             Diligite
             Justitiam
          
           ,
           1553.
           
           W.
           2
           Dr.
           18
           Gr.
           The
           Letters
           J
           and
           G.
           shew
           James
           Earl
           of
           Murray
           to
           have
           been
           Governour
           when
           the
           Piece
           was
           coin'd
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           Half
           of
           the
           same
           .
           W.
           1
           Dr.
           9
           Gr.
           
        
         
           5.
           
           The
           Queen's
           Effigies
           ,
           with
           her
           Head
           in
           Dress
           ,
           
             Maria
             D.
             G.
             Scotorum
             Regina
          
           .
           R.
           The
           Scotch
           Shield
           crown'd
           ,
           
             Justus
             fide
             vivit
          
           ,
           1555.
           
           W.
           4
           Dr.
           
        
         
           6
           ,
           7.
           
           Two
           more
           ,
           of
           the
           same
           Stamp
           and
           Weight
           ,
           coin'd
           in
           the
           Years
           1557
           and
           1558.
           
        
         
           8.
           
           Half
           of
           the
           foremention'd
           ,
           of
           the
           same
           Stamp
           ,
           coin'd
           in
           1555.
           
           W.
           1
           Dr.
           32
           Gr.
           
        
         
           9
           ,
           10.
           
           Two
           more
           ,
           of
           the
           Weight
           ,
           &c.
           last
           mention'd
           ,
           coin'd
           in
           1557
           and
           1558.
           
        
         
           11.
           
           Francis
           and
           Mary
           ,
           Face
           to
           Face
           ,
           with
           a
           large
           Crown
           above
           their
           Heads
           ,
           
             Fran.
             &
             Ma.
             D.
             G.
             R.
             R.
             Scotor
             .
             Delphin
             .
             Vien
             .
          
           R.
           Four
           Pair
           of
           Dolphins
           link'd
           together
           and
           crown'd
           ,
           a
           Cross
           of
           Lorrain
           betwixt
           every
           two
           Pair
           ,
           and
           a
           St.
           
           Andrew's
           Cross
           in
           the
           middle
           ,
           
             Horum
             tuta
             fides
          
           ,
           1558.
           
           W.
           4
           Dr.
           
        
         
         
           
           The
           largest
           and
           most
           valuable
           of
           King
           James
           the
           Sixth's
           Golden
           Coins
           ,
           is
           the
           Rose-Noble
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           of
           the
           same
           Weight
           with
           that
           of
           England
           .
           On
           the
           one
           Side
           are
           the
           Arms
           of
           Scotland
           crown'd
           ,
           in
           a
           Ship
           with
           two
           Flags
           ,
           betwixt
           the
           Letter
           J
           and
           the
           Figure
           6
           ,
           with
           a
           Rose
           on
           one
           Side
           of
           the
           Ship
           ,
           Jacobus
           6.
           
           
             Dei
             Gra.
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           .
           R.
           Two
           Scepters
           or
           Batoons
           ,
           put
           in
           the
           Form
           of
           a
           St.
           
           Andrew's
           Cross
           ,
           each
           End
           of
           'em
           crown'd
           ;
           in
           the
           Quarters
           of
           which
           are
           four
           Lions
           Rampant
           crown'd
           .
           All
           this
           is
           in
           a
           large
           Rose
           ,
           between
           every
           Leaf
           whereof
           there
           's
           a
           Thistle
           ;
           as
           there
           is
           also
           in
           the
           center
           of
           the
           Cross
           .
           The
           Legend
           ,
           
             Florent
             Sceptra
             Piis
             .
             Regna
             his
             Jova
             dat
             numerari
             .
          
           W.
           4
           Dr.
           I
           call
           this
           the
           largest
           of
           that
           King
           's
           
             Golden
             Coins
          
           ;
           beause
           I
           reckon
           the
           four
           following
           (
           all
           of
           that
           Metal
           )
           to
           be
           properly
           Medals
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           The
           King
           in
           Bust
           ,
           crown'd
           ,
           holding
           a
           Sword
           in
           one
           Hand
           ,
           and
           an
           Olive-branch
           in
           the
           other
           ,
           beneath
           which
           
             In
             utrumque
             paratus
          
           ,
           1575.
           
           Circumscribed
           ,
           Jacobus
           6.
           
           
             Dei
             Gra.
             Rex
             Scotor
          
           .
           R.
           The
           Scotch
           Shield
           crown'd
           ,
           
             Parcere
             subjectis
             &
             debellare
             superbos
          
           .
           W.
           1
           Ounce
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           Another
           of
           the
           same
           Stamp
           ,
           Size
           and
           Weight
           ,
           struck
           in
           1576.
           
        
         
           3.
           
           The
           King's
           Effigies
           laureat
           ,
           Jacobus
           6.
           
           
             D.
             G.
             R.
             Scotorum
          
           .
           R.
           A
           branch'd
           Thistle
           with
           six
           Heads
           (
           the
           uppermost
           crown'd
           )
           betwixt
           the
           two
           Letters
           of
           J
           and
           R
           both
           crown'd
           ,
           under
           the
           Thistle
           the
           Figure
           6.
           
           
             Nemo
             me
             impune
             lacesset
          
           ,
           1590.
           
           W.
           1
           Ounce
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           The
           King
           and
           Queen
           with
           a
           Crown
           above
           their
           Heads
           ,
           Jacobus
           6.
           
           
             &
             Anna
             D.
             G.
             Scotorum
             Rex
             &
             Regina
             .
          
           R.
           The
           whole
           Arms
           and
           Atchievement
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           
             Scotland
             .
             In
             Defence
          
           .
           W.
           2
           Oun.
           12
           Dr.
           
        
         
           The
           other
           (
           more
           ordinary
           and
           current
           )
           Golden
           Coins
           of
           this
           Reign
           ,
           are
           :
        
         
           1.
           
           The
           King
           bare-headed
           ,
           Jacobus
           6.
           
           
             Dei
             Gra.
             Ren
             Scotorum
          
           .
           R.
           The
           Scotch
           Shield
           crown'd
           betwixt
           15
           and
           80.
           
           
             Exurgat
             Deus
             ,
             &
             dissip
             .
             Inimici
             ejus
             .
          
           W.
           3
           Dr.
           
        
         
         
           2.
           
           
             J
             R
          
           with
           a
           Crown
           above
           ,
           placed
           four
           times
           in
           the
           Field
           ,
           cross-wise
           ,
           with
           the
           Letter
           S
           in
           the
           Center
           ,
           
             Deus
             Judicium
             tuum
             Regi
             da.
          
           1
           88
           R.
           The
           Scottish
           Crest
           ,
           being
           a
           Lion
           crown'd
           holding
           a
           Sword
           and
           Scepter
           ,
           Post
           5.
           
           &
           100
           ▪
           
             Proa
             .
             Invicta
             manent
             has
          
           .
           W.
           2
           Dr.
           18
           Gr.
           
        
         
           3.
           
           Half
           of
           this
           ,
           coin'd
           in
           1584.
           
           W.
           1
           Dr.
           27
           Gr.
           
        
         
           4.
           
           Another
           of
           the
           like
           ,
           coin'd
           in
           1587.
           
           W.
           1
           Dr.
           21
           Gr.
           
        
         
           5.
           
           A
           Quarter
           of
           the
           same
           ,
           1584
           ,
           W.
           27
           Gr.
           
        
         
           6.
           
           The
           King
           in
           a
           strange
           Cap
           ,
           behind
           a
           Thistle-head
           ,
           Jacobus
           6.
           
           D.
           G.
           R.
           Scotorum
           .
           R.
           A.
           Lion
           crown'd
           ,
           holding
           up
           a
           Scepter
           to
           the
           Clouds
           ,
           in
           which
           are
           the
           Hebrew
           Letters
           of
           
             Jehovah
             ,
             Te
             solum
             Vereor
          
           ,
           1591.
           
           W.
           2
           Dr.
           9
           Gr.
           
        
         
           7.
           
           Another
           of
           the
           same
           Size
           ,
           Weight
           and
           Stamp
           ,
           coin'd
           in
           1593.
           
        
         
           8.
           
           The
           King
           on
           Horse-back
           ,
           in
           Armour
           ,
           under
           his
           Horse
           1593.
           
           Jacobus
           6.
           
           D.
           G.
           R.
           Scotorum
           ,
           R.
           The
           Scotch
           Shield
           crown'd
           ,
           
             Spero
             Meliora
          
           .
           W.
           2
           Dr.
           18
           Gr.
           This
           is
           what
           (
           in
           the
           Dutch
           Books
           of
           Ordinances
           for
           Money
           ,
           and
           elsewhere
           )
           is
           call'd
           the
           
             Scotch
             Rider
          
           ;
           and
           was
           long
           the
           most
           common
           Gold
           Coin
           of
           this
           Country
           ,
           Pieces
           of
           the
           same
           Weight
           ,
           Impression
           ,
           &c.
           with
           this
           (
           as
           likewise
           half
           of
           the
           same
           )
           having
           been
           coin'd
           in
           1594
           ,
           95
           ,
           96
           ,
           97
           ,
           98
           ,
           99
           ,
           1600
           and
           
           1601.
           
           To
           these
           the
           Statute
           of
           his
           Fifteenth
           (a)
           Parliament
           refers
           ,
           which
           ordains
           ,
           That
           fine
           Gold
           (
           of
           22
           Carats
           fine
           )
           pass
           at
           30
           l.
           the
           Ounce
           ;
           and
           that
           ,
           out
           of
           every
           such
           Ounce
           ,
           there
           be
           coin'd
           six
           Five-pound-pieces
           ,
           or
           twelve
           Fifty-shilling-pieces
           .
        
         
           9.
           
           The
           Scotch
           Shield
           crown'd
           ,
           Jacobus
           6.
           
           
             D.
             G.
             R.
             Scotorum
          
           .
           R.
           A
           Sword
           and
           Scepter
           plac'd
           cross-wise
           .
           In
           the
           upper
           Quarter
           ,
           a
           Crown
           ,
           a
           Thistle-head
           in
           each
           of
           the
           next
           ,
           and
           1601
           in
           the
           lowest
           
             Salus
             Populi
             Suprema
             Lex
          
           .
           W.
           2
           Dr.
           18
           Gr.
           Tho'
           this
           Piece
           (
           commonly
           call'd
           the
           Scotch
           Angel
           )
           be
           of
           the
           same
           Weight
           and
           intrinsic
           Value
           with
           the
           Former
           ,
           yet
           it
           was
           coin'd
           to
           go
           at
           6
           l.
           the
           Value
           of
           Silver
           being
           now
           risen
           from
           50
           s.
           to
           60
           s.
           by
           the
           Ounce
           ;
           which
           of
           Necessity
           ,
           enhanc'd
           the
           Rate
           of
           Gold
           in
           the
           like
           Proportion
           .
        
         
           10.
           
           The
           Half
           of
           these
           (
           W.
           1
           Dr.
           9
           Gr.
           )
           carrying
           the
           same
           Impression
           .
           This
           was
           the
           last
           Gold
           coin'd
           before
           the
           happy
           Union
           of
           the
           Crowns
           in
           King
           James
           VI.
           and
           we
           are
           not
           (
           for
           the
           Present
           )
           to
           bring
           our
           Enquiries
           any
           lower
           .
           I
           have
           seen
           an
           (b)
           Extract
           of
           the
           Register
           of
           the
           Mint
           ,
           from
           December
           1601
           ,
           to
           December
           1602
           ,
           whereby
           it
           appears
           ,
           That
           there
           was
           that
           Year
           coin'd
           at
           Edinburgh
           119
           Stone
           of
           Gold
           and
           986
           Stone
           of
           Silver
           .
           I
           have
           also
           read
           ,
           That
           in
           the
           (c)
           
           Beginning
           of
           this
           King's
           Reign
           ,
           a
           golden
           Basin
           (
           of
           the
           Contents
           of
           four
           English
           Quarts
           )
           was
           presented
           by
           the
           Regent
           Morton
           to
           the
           French
           King
           ,
           fill'd
           with
           coin'd
           Pieces
           of
           Gold
           call'd
           Unicorns
           ;
           both
           the
           Money
           and
           the
           Vessel
           being
           made
           of
           the
           native
           Gold
           of
           Scotland
           .
           Such
           Pieces
           I
           never
           saw
           .
        
         
           To
           one
           that
           considers
           how
           few
           English
           Coins
           we
           have
           of
           about
           Half
           a
           Score
           of
           our
           Kings
           next
           after
           the
           Conquest
           ,
           it
           .
           
           will
           not
           look
           strange
           that
           the
           Silver-money
           of
           our
           neighbouring
           Kingdom
           (
           of
           the
           like
           Age
           )
           is
           not
           now
           very
           plentiful
           The
           oldest
           that
           even
           Mr.
           Sutherland
           himself
           has
           been
           hitherto
           able
           to
           discover
           ,
           is
           a
           Penny
           of
           Alexander
           the
           First
           's
           ;
           which
           yet
           (
           he
           is
           not
           very
           sure
           ,
           but
           it
           )
           may
           belong
           to
           one
           of
           the
           other
           two
           Princes
           of
           that
           Name
           .
           For
           the
           better
           and
           more
           skilful
           distinguishing
           the
           ancient
           Silver
           Coins
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           these
           Preliminary
           Cautions
           (
           which
           I
           have
           from
           a
           very
           (d)
           great
           Hand
           )
           will
           be
           found
           to
           be
           of
           mighty
           Use
           .
           1.
           
           The
           Merchants
           Weights
           in
           Scotland
           are
           different
           from
           ours
           ,
           sixteen
           Pounds
           Troy
           (
           as
           several
           Acts
           of
           Parliament
           have
           provided
           )
           going
           to
           the
           Stone
           ,
           and
           every
           such
           Pound
           being
           divided
           into
           sixteen
           Ounces
           :
           But
           their
           Silver-weights
           are
           the
           same
           ,
           their
           Ounce-pieces
           exactly
           agreeing
           with
           ours
           .
           How
           their
           Standard
           (
           or
           the
           Fineness
           of
           the
           Metal
           )
           has
           vary'd
           from
           ours
           ,
           or
           agreed
           with
           it
           ,
           will
           be
           observed
           in
           the
           several
           Reigns
           below
           .
           2.
           
           The
           Sums
           by
           which
           the
           Scots
           always
           computed
           ,
           and
           do
           still
           compute
           ,
           are
           the
           same
           with
           ours
           ,
           they
           reckoning
           by
           Farthings
           ,
           Half-pence
           ,
           Pence
           ,
           Shillings
           ,
           Merks
           and
           Pounds
           ,
           as
           we
           do
           ;
           and
           all
           those
           Sums
           bearing
           the
           same
           Proportion
           
           to
           one
           another
           ,
           as
           ours
           do
           ;
           That
           is
           ,
           a
           Shilling
           contains
           twelve
           Pennies
           ,
           a
           Merk
           thirteen
           Shillings
           and
           four
           Pence
           ,
           a
           Pound
           twenty
           Shilling
           ,
           &c.
           
           But
           there
           has
           been
           a
           great
           Difference
           in
           the
           two
           Nations
           (
           at
           several
           Seasons
           as
           to
           the
           value
           of
           those
           Sums
           .
           At
           first
           ,
           perhaps
           ,
           the
           Scotch
           Pieces
           being
           of
           the
           same
           Weight
           and
           Denomination
           with
           the
           English
           )
           might
           also
           be
           current
           at
           the
           same
           Rate
           with
           ours
           :
           But
           from
           the
           Beginning
           of
           King
           James
           the
           First
           's
           Reign
           (
           which
           is
           as
           high
           as
           their
           printed
           Statutes
           will
           carry
           us
           )
           it
           was
           otherwise
           ;
           and
           the
           Difference
           increas'd
           in
           the
           following
           Reigns
           ,
           as
           will
           appear
           presently
           .
           3.
           
           There
           's
           no
           doubt
           but
           that
           ,
           for
           a
           long
           Time
           ,
           the
           coin'd
           Pieces
           of
           Silver
           in
           Scotland
           (
           as
           well
           as
           England
           )
           were
           only
           Pence
           and
           Half-pence
           :
           After
           which
           came
           in
           Groats
           and
           Half-groats
           ;
           and
           ,
           by
           Degrees
           ,
           larger
           Pieces
           of
           even
           an
           Ounce
           ,
           two
           Thirds
           of
           an
           Ounce
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           
           I
           have
           a
           small
           Pieee
           which
           I
           take
           to
           be
           a
           Half-penny
           of
           David
           the
           First
           's
           :
           It
           weighs
           14
           Grains
           ;
           which
           seems
           to
           come
           very
           near
           the
           Standard
           of
           that
           Time
           :
           For
           thus
           (
           if
           the
           Authority
           be
           good
           )
           the
           Matter
           stands
           adjusted
           ,
           (e)
           
             Sterlingus
             debet
             ponderare
          
           ,
           32
           
             Gr.
             Uncia
          
           ,
           21
           
             d.
             Libra
          
           ,
           26
           s.
           4
           d.
           It
           bears
           a
           clumsy
           Half-face
           ,
           Crown
           and
           Scepter
           ,
           and
           
             David
             Dei
          
           Gratia·
           And
           the
           Reverse
           has
           
             Rex
             Scoturum
          
           about
           four
           hexagonal
           Stars
           .
           The
           
             Regiam
             Majestatem
          
           ,
           if
           any
           thing
           ,
           will
           acquaint
           us
           with
           the
           Value
           of
           such
           a
           Piece
           ;
           when
           (f)
           twenty
           five
           Shillings
           were
           the
           Price
           of
           six
           Cows
           ,
           and
           (g)
           four
           Pence
           the
           Worth
           of
           a
           Pair
           of
           Shoes
           .
        
         
         
           In
           William
           the
           First
           's
           Reign
           ,
           
           Money
           seems
           to
           have
           been
           pretty
           plentiful
           ;
           since
           the
           Nobility
           of
           Scotland
           agreed
           to
           pay
           a
           (h)
           Hundred
           thousand
           Pound
           Sterling
           (
           whereof
           half
           was
           to
           be
           in
           ready
           Cash
           )
           to
           our
           Henry
           the
           Second
           ,
           for
           the
           Redemption
           of
           that
           Prince
           .
           Nor
           had
           this
           so
           far
           exhausted
           the
           publick
           Treasure
           ,
           but
           that
           he
           was
           able
           (
           not
           long
           after
           )
           to
           lend
           Two
           (i)
           thousand
           Merks
           to
           Richard
           the
           Third
           ,
           on
           his
           Return
           (
           in
           Poverty
           and
           Thraldom
           )
           from
           the
           Holy
           Land.
           Notwithstanding
           his
           great
           Glut
           of
           Money
           ,
           which
           he
           appears
           to
           have
           been
           Master
           of
           ,
           there
           are
           not
           many
           of
           his
           Pence
           to
           be
           met
           with
           at
           this
           Day
           .
           In
           some
           of
           the
           best
           (k)
           Collections
           of
           our
           English
           Coins
           ,
           there
           's
           one
           (
           which
           has
           been
           suppos'd
           to
           belong
           to
           either
           the
           Conqueror
           or
           his
           Son
           Rufus
           )
           that
           bears
           a
           Side-face
           and
           a
           Scepter
           ;
           and
           whereon
           the
           King
           looks
           finer
           ,
           and
           younger
           ,
           than
           on
           any
           of
           the
           rest
           .
           This
           ,
           with
           humble
           Submission
           ,
           I
           should
           rather
           place
           amongst
           the
           Coins
           of
           Scotland
           ;
           and
           guess
           to
           belong
           to
           King
           William
           the
           First
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           .
           Two
           more
           I
           have
           (k)
           seen
           ,
           which
           may
           possibly
           belong
           to
           this
           King
           :
           The
           one
           has
           
             Le
             Rey
             Willem
          
           ,
           the
           other
           
             Willelmus
             Rex
          
           ,
           and
           both
           have
           Walter
           for
           the
           Coiner's
           Name
           on
           the
           Reverse
           ,
           after
           which
           (
           on
           one
           )
           comes
           
             On
             Ber.
          
           which
           whether
           it
           be
           for
           Berwick
           or
           Perth
           (
           sometimes
           call'd
           Bertha
           )
           will
           need
           an
           Enquiry
           .
           That
           there
           was
           Money
           coin'd
           in
           his
           Reign
           ,
           is
           pretty
           plainly
           asserted
           by
           the
           Chronicle
           of
           Mailros
           :
           *
           Willielmus
           Rex
           Scotorum
           
             innovavit
             monetam
             suam
          
           .
        
         
           In
           Alexander
           the
           (m)
           Third's
           Time
           ,
           
           a
           good
           Horse
           for
           the
           War
           was
           valu'd
           at
           twenty
           Shillings
           ;
           a
           whole
           Carcase
           of
           Mutton
           ,
           the
           highest
           Rate
           sixteen
           Pence
           ,
           and
           the
           lowest
           eight
           Pence
           ;
           a
           Flagon
           of
           Beer
           (
           better
           and
           worse
           )
           Two-pence
           
           and
           a
           Penny.
           A
           Couple
           of
           these
           Pennies
           ,
           of
           the
           very
           same
           Impression
           ,
           Size
           and
           Weight
           ,
           I
           have
           in
           my
           small
           Collection
           ;
           bearing
           the
           King's
           Head
           ,
           half-faced
           ,
           with
           a
           Scepter
           ,
           and
           
             Alexander
             Dei
             Gra.
          
           On
           the
           Reverse
           ,
           
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           about
           four
           hexagonal
           Mullets
           ,
           or
           Stars
           .
           W.
           21
           Gr.
           Half
           of
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           
           King
           
           John's
           is
           likewise
           Half-faced
           ,
           with
           a
           Crown
           and
           Scepter
           ,
           and
           
             Johannis
             Dei
             Gra.
          
           R.
           
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           ,
           &c.
           as
           before
           :
           And
           the
           Weight
           the
           same
           .
           His
           Half-penny
           weighs
           9
           Gr.
           Half
           of
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           
           Money
           ,
           of
           some
           sort
           or
           other
           ,
           could
           not
           be
           very
           scarce
           in
           the
           Reign
           of
           
             Robert
             the
             Bruce
          
           ;
           who
           (n)
           agreed
           to
           pay
           our
           Edward
           the
           Third
           30000
           Merks
           in
           ready
           Money
           :
           And
           (o)
           Lesly
           assures
           us
           the
           Merks
           were
           Sterling
           .
           His
           Penny
           ,
           (p)
           Half-penny
           and
           Farthing
           ,
           are
           to
           be
           seen
           :
           Much
           of
           the
           some
           Shape
           with
           those
           of
           his
           Predecessors
           .
           
             Robertus
             Dei
             Gra.
          
           R.
           
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           .
        
         
           
           In
           the
           Year
           1366.
           (
           the
           latter
           End
           of
           David
           the
           Second's
           Reign
           )
           it
           was
           (q)
           Enacted
           in
           Parliament
           that
           the
           Money
           should
           be
           equal
           in
           Goodness
           to
           that
           of
           England
           ;
           and
           the
           next
           Year
           the
           Coinage
           was
           further
           regulated
           ,
           a
           Pound
           of
           fine
           Silver
           making
           29
           s.
           4
           
             d.
             Et
             fiat
          
           ,
           says
           the
           Statute
           ,
           
             in
             ipsa
             Signum
             Notabile
             ,
             per
             quod
             possit
             ab
             omni
             alia
             prius
             fabricata
             evidenter
             cognosci
             .
          
           I
           think
           he
           was
           the
           first
           King
           of
           Scotlond
           that
           coin'd
           Groats
           .
           They
           give
           him
           crown'd
           and
           side-fac'd
           ,
           with
           a
           Scepter
           erect
           ,
           and
           
             David
             Dei
             Gratia
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           .
           R.
           
             Dns
             Protector
             MS.
             
             &
             Liberator
             MS.
          
           on
           an
           outer
           Circle
           ;
           and
           
             Villa
             Edinburgh
          
           ,
           about
           four
           Mullets
           ,
           in
           an
           inner
           .
           His
           half
           Groat
           has
           the
           same
           Inscription
           .
           W.
           1½
           Dr.
           His
           Penny
           weighs
           14
           Gr.
           and
           has
           only
           
             Villa
             Edinburgh
          
           on
           the
           Reverse
           .
           There
           's
           (r)
           another
           which
           has
           
             Villa
             Aberden
          
           on
           
           the
           Reverse
           :
           And
           those
           of
           Edinburgh
           have
           been
           minted
           at
           several
           Times
           .
           There
           are
           Half
           and
           a
           Third
           of
           these
           ;
           and
           Pennies
           of
           both
           Kinds
           .
        
         
           Robert
           the
           Second's
           Groat
           is
           much
           of
           the
           same
           Shape
           ,
           
           Weight
           and
           Size
           ,
           with
           that
           of
           his
           Predecessor
           .
           It
           shews
           the
           King
           half-faced
           ,
           with
           a
           Crown
           and
           Scepter
           erect
           ,
           and
           
             Robertus
             Dei
             Gra·
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           .
           R.
           
             Dnus
             .
             Protector
             MS.
             &
             Liberator
             MS.
          
           on
           the
           outer
           Circle
           ;
           and
           
             Villa
             de
             Perth
          
           ,
           about
           four
           small
           Stars
           ,
           on
           the
           inner
           .
           Another
           of
           'em
           has
           
             Villa
             Edinburgh
          
           ;
           and
           a
           Third
           Dundee
           .
           And
           I
           have
           seen
           (s)
           Halfs
           of
           all
           these
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           open
           faced
           Groat
           is
           that
           of
           Robert
           the
           Third
           .
           
           It
           gives
           the
           King's
           Picture
           (
           crown'd
           ,
           but
           without
           a
           Scepter
           )
           in
           such
           a
           kind
           of
           Rose
           as
           we
           have
           on
           most
           of
           our
           old
           English
           Groats
           .
           The
           Inscription
           is
           
             Robertus
             Dei
             Gra.
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           .
           On
           the
           Reverse
           are
           three
           Globules
           in
           each
           Quarter
           of
           the
           Cross
           :
           In
           the
           inner
           Circle
           
             Villa
             Edinburgh
          
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           outer
           ,
           
             Dnus
             Protector
             MS.
             
             &
             Liberator
             MS.
          
           W.
           1½
           Dr.
           7
           Gr.
           Mr.
           Sutherland
           has
           three
           other
           Varieties
           with
           
             Villa
             de
             Perth
             ,
             Villa
             de
             Aberd
          
           .
           ..
           and
           
             Villa
             Dumbertan
          
           ;
           and
           the
           Half
           of
           the
           first
           of
           these
           ,
           and
           those
           of
           
             Villa
             Edinburgh
          
           ,
           as
           likewise
           Pennies
           of
           both
           kinds
           ,
           and
           
             Villa
             de
             Aberde
          
           —
        
         
           In
           the
           first
           Year
           of
           King
           James
           the
           First
           's
           Reign
           't
           was
           enacted
           that
           (t)
           
             our
             Lord
             the
             King
             gar
             mend
             his
             Money
             ,
          
           
           
             and
             gar
             stryke
             it
             in
             like
             Wecht
             and
             Fineness
             to
             the
             Money
             of
          
           England
           .
           A
           little
           before
           this
           ,
           the
           States
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           had
           agreed
           to
           (u)
           pay
           (
           to
           our
           K.
           Henry
           the
           Sixth
           )
           the
           Sum
           of
           100000
           Merks
           ,
           for
           this
           King's
           Ransom
           ;
           whereof
           50000
           were
           to
           be
           paid
           in
           ready
           Money
           .
           These
           (
           tho'
           of
           such
           a
           Standard
           as
           then
           pass'd
           for
           (x)
           Sterling
           )
           might
           probably
           be
           found
           to
           carry
           too
           great
           an
           Allay
           ,
           when
           they
           came
           
           to
           be
           tender'd
           in
           England
           ;
           and
           this
           might
           ,
           as
           probably
           ,
           give
           Occasion
           for
           the
           foremention'd
           Statute
           .
           His
           Groat
           is
           full-faced
           ,
           with
           Crown
           and
           Scepter
           ,
           and
           
             Jacobus
             Dei
             Gracia
             Rex
             Scot.
          
           R.
           In
           the
           Quarters
           of
           the
           Cross
           are
           two
           
           Flower-de-Lis's
           and
           twice
           three
           little
           Balls
           (
           or
           Globuli
           )
           countercharg'd
           within
           an
           anner
           Circle
           bearing
           
             Villa
             Edinburgh
          
           ,
           and
           an
           outer
           with
           
             Dnus
             Protector
             MS
          
           ,
           &c.
           
           There
           's
           (y)
           another
           (
           which
           I
           take
           to
           belong
           likewise
           to
           this
           King
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           of
           somewhat
           more
           Age
           than
           the
           former
           )
           whereon
           the
           Inscription
           is
           
             Jacobus
             Dei
             Gra.
             Rex-Scotorum
          
           ;
           and
           its
           Reverse
           ,
           in
           all
           Points
           ,
           agrees
           with
           that
           of
           Robert
           the
           Third
           .
           The
           Weight
           of
           the
           former
           is
           1
           Dr.
           9
           Gr.
           and
           ,
           of
           this
           ,
           1
           Dr.
           4½
           Gr.
           There
           are
           (z)
           others
           coin'd
           at
           
             Perth
             ,
             Aberdeen
             ,
             Linlithgow
          
           and
           Stirling
           ;
           with
           the
           Half
           of
           that
           of
           Edinburgh
           .
        
         
           
           The
           Parliament
           ,
           in
           the
           4th
           Year
           of
           K.
           James
           the
           Second
           ,
           thought
           it
           expedient
           ,
           (a)
           
             for
             diverse
             Causes
             ,
             that
             there
             be
             stricken
             new
             Money
             ,
             conforme
             even
             in
             Weicht
             to
             the
             Money
             of
          
           England
           ,
           
             with
             the
             quilk
             this
             Realm
             hes
             parte
             of
             Commoning
             :
             And
             that
             there
             be
             stricken
             of
             the
             Ounce
             of
             burnt
             Silver
             ,
             or
             Bulzeon
             of
             that
             Fines
             ,
             aucht
             Groates
             ;
             and
             of
             the
             samin
             mater
             and
             weicht
             ,
             as
             Effeiris
             ,
             Half-groate
             ,
             Pennie
             ,
             Half-pennie
             and
             Farding
             .
          
           In
           his
           (b)
           Eighteenth
           Year
           this
           
             New
             Groat
          
           is
           order'd
           to
           go
           for
           Twelve
           Pennies
           ;
           and
           the
           
             Six-penny
             Groat
          
           (
           which
           appears
           to
           have
           been
           of
           a
           scandalously
           base
           Allay
           ,
           because
           the
           Mint-Masters
           are
           forbidden
           ,
           on
           pain
           of
           Death
           ,
           to
           coin
           any
           more
           of
           'em
           )
           is
           ordain'd
           
             till
             have
             Course
             as
             it
             hes
             .
          
           What
           Value
           that
           was
           ,
           its
           very
           Name
           sufficiently
           shews
           ;
           and
           I
           take
           this
           to
           be
           the
           same
           Piece
           which
           (
           in
           the
           (c)
           next
           Reign
           )
           is
           call'd
           the
           
             Sex-Penny-Groat
             of
             the
          
           Floure
           de
           Luce.
           This
           raising
           of
           their
           
             New
             Groat
          
           (
           which
           
           was
           of
           the
           very
           same
           Weight
           and
           Fineness
           with
           the
           English
           Groat
           )
           brought
           the
           Computation
           of
           the
           Sums
           in
           Scotland
           to
           Tripple
           what
           they
           bore
           in
           England
           :
           So
           that
           their
           Pound
           was
           no
           more
           than
           our
           Noble
           ,
           their
           Shilling
           than
           our
           Groat
           or
           Four
           Pence
           ,
           &c.
           
           The
           said
           Groat
           gives
           this
           King
           full-faced
           ,
           with
           an
           Imperial
           Crown
           ,
           and
           
             Jacobus
             Dei
             Gra.
             Rex
             Scot.
          
           R.
           
             Dnus
             .
             Protector
          
           ,
           &c.
           on
           an
           outer
           Circle
           ,
           and
           
             Villa
             Edinburgh
          
           (
           about
           two
           Crowns
           intercharg'd
           with
           twice
           three
           little
           Balls
           and
           a
           small
           Annulet
           )
           on
           the
           inner
           .
           W.
           2
           Dr.
           Half
           of
           this
           .
           Another
           (
           of
           the
           Groats
           )
           has
           Villa
           (d)
           Aberdie
           ,
           on
           its
           Reverse
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           Parliament
           of
           K.
           James
           the
           Third
           ordains
           that
           (e)
           ,
           
           
             for
             the
             Ease
             and
             Sustentation
             of
             the
             Kingis
             Lieges
             and
             almous
             Deede
             to
             be
             done
             to
             puir
             Folk
             ,
             there
             be
             cuinzied
          
           (f)
           
             Copper
             Money
             ,
             four
             to
             the
             Penny
             ,
             havand
             on
             th'
             ane
             Part
             the
             Croce
             of
             S.
          
           Andrew
           ,
           
             and
             the
             Crown
             on
             th'
             other
             Part
             ;
             with
             Subscription
             of
          
           Edinburgh
           
             on
             the
             ane
             Part
             ,
             and
             an
          
           R.
           with
           James
           
             on
             th'
             other
             Part.
          
           [
           These
           are
           the
           same
           Pieces
           which
           were
           continu'd
           by
           his
           Successors
           ,
           and
           (
           in
           the
           Reign
           of
           Ja.
           VI.
           )
           got
           the
           Name
           of
           
           Atcheson's
           from
           one
           Atcheson
           a
           Coiner
           and
           Author
           of
           the
           Book
           of
           Metals
           mention'd
           in
           the
           first
           Chapter
           of
           this
           Historical
           Library
           :
           Some
           of
           which
           were
           of
           common
           Currency
           (
           for
           four
           Bothwels
           ,
           or
           Eight
           Pennies
           Scotch
           )
           even
           in
           the
           late
           Reign
           of
           K.
           Charles
           the
           Second
           ,
           but
           are
           now
           wholly
           disus'd
           .
           ]
           In
           his
           (g)
           Third
           Parliament
           the
           
             Groat
             of
             the
             Crown
          
           is
           order'd
           to
           have
           Course
           for
           Fourteen
           Pennies
           ;
           and
           the
           strikeing
           of
           the
           
             Black
             Pennies
          
           to
           be
           ceas'd
           .
           These
           
             Black
             Pennies
          
           were
           a
           different
           Sort
           of
           Money
           from
           the
           Copper-Farthings
           above-mention'd
           ;
           and
           were
           for
           some
           Time
           forced
           in
           Payments
           ,
           till
           (
           at
           last
           )
           the
           People
           unanimously
           refus'd
           to
           take
           
           them
           :
           Upon
           which
           the
           last
           Earl
           of
           Douglas
           reflecting
           ,
           made
           this
           Answer
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           when
           requested
           (
           in
           his
           extreme
           old
           age
           to
           be
           his
           Lieutenant-General
           against
           the
           Rebels
           :
           (h)
           
             Sir
             ,
             you
             have
             kept
             me
             and
             your
             black
             Coffer
             in
          
           Sterlin
           
             too
             long
             .
             Neither
             of
             us
             can
             do
             you
             any
             good
             .
          
           We
           find
           it
           also
           amongst
           the
           Articles
           objected
           to
           his
           Favourites
           ,
           by
           the
           Earl
           of
           Angus
           and
           others
           ,
           that
           they
           had
           perswaded
           him
           to
           (i)
           
             coin
             a
             Brass
             Coin
             of
             no
             Value
             ,
             which
             the
             People
             call'd
             the
          
           Black
           Coin
           ,
           
             which
             Fact
             of
             all
             other
             was
             most
             odious
             to
             the
             Vulgar
             :
          
           For
           (
           as
           it
           follows
           in
           the
           History
           )
           a
           great
           Dearth
           ensu'd
           upon
           the
           Project
           ,
           since
           every
           Body
           chose
           to
           let
           their
           Corn
           rather
           rot
           than
           to
           give
           it
           away
           so
           much
           below
           the
           intrinsick
           Value
           .
           In
           the
           very
           next
           Parliament
           of
           this
           Reign
           ,
           call'd
           within
           a
           (k)
           few
           Months
           of
           the
           former
           ,
           the
           
             Groat
             of
             the
             Crown
          
           is
           reduced
           to
           12
           d.
           and
           the
           lesser
           Pieces
           to
           proportionable
           Values
           .
           In
           this
           King
           's
           (l)
           Sixth
           Parliament
           the
           
             New
             allay'd
             Groat
          
           is
           order'd
           to
           go
           for
           Six
           Pennies
           ,
           and
           the
           Half-Groat
           for
           three
           :
           And
           ,
           in
           his
           (m)
           Eighth
           ,
           Twelve
           Groats
           are
           appointed
           to
           be
           stricken
           out
           of
           an
           Ounce
           of
           burnt
           Silver
           ,
           as
           also
           Pennies
           ,
           (
           to
           go
           at
           3
           d.
           )
           and
           Half-pennies
           of
           the
           same
           Fineness
           .
           In
           his
           (n)
           Thirteenth
           a
           new
           Penny
           of
           Silver
           ,
           as
           fine
           as
           the
           old
           English
           Groat
           ,
           is
           order'd
           to
           be
           coin'd
           ;
           ten
           whereof
           are
           to
           make
           an
           Ounce
           ,
           and
           to
           go
           at
           14
           d.
           each
           .
           At
           the
           same
           Time
           Counterfeit
           Placks
           ,
           at
           2
           d.
           a
           Piece
           ,
           were
           call'd
           in
           .
           His
           Groat
           represents
           him
           full-faced
           and
           crown'd
           (
           without
           a
           Scepter
           )
           with
           this
           Inscription
           ,
           
             Jacobus
             Dei
             Gra.
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           .
           R.
           
             Villa
             Edinburg
          
           .
           on
           the
           inner
           Circle
           ,
           about
           the
           Crowns
           and
           Globuli
           ,
           as
           on
           his
           Fathers
           ,
           but
           without
           the
           Annulets
           ;
           and
           
             Dnus
             .
             Protector
          
           ,
           &c.
           on
           the
           outer
           .
           W.
           2
           Dr.
           
           8
           G.
           The
           like
           are
           (o)
           coin'd
           at
           
             Aberdeen
             ,
             Sterling
          
           and
           Roxburgh
           ;
           and
           a
           Half-Groats
           at
           Edinburgh
           .
           Some
           of
           his
           Groats
           and
           Half-Groats
           (
           on
           the
           Reverse
           )
           has
           a
           Mullet
           in
           each
           Quarter
           of
           the
           Cross
           ;
           and
           ,
           in
           the
           inner
           Circle
           ,
           
             Villa
             Berwici
          
           .
           In
           other
           Points
           it
           agrees
           with
           the
           whole
           Groat
           .
           This
           Piece
           ,
           being
           stamp'd
           at
           Berwick
           ,
           must
           assuredly
           belong
           to
           this
           King
           ;
           who
           was
           Master
           of
           that
           Town
           Twenty-one
           Years
           ,
           and
           is
           the
           only
           Prince
           (
           of
           his
           Name
           and
           Nation
           ,
           before
           the
           Union
           )
           that
           ever
           was
           so
           .
        
         
           It
           appears
           that
           ,
           in
           King
           James
           the
           Fourth's
           Time
           ,
           
           there
           were
           Groats
           of
           somewhat
           different
           Stamps
           ;
           as
           being
           minted
           by
           several
           Coiners
           :
           And
           the
           (p)
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           particularly
           mentions
           those
           (
           whereof
           the
           last
           mention'd
           is
           half
           )
           struck
           by
           
             Gilbert
             Pish
          
           ,
           commonly
           call'd
           Barwick-Groats
           ,
           others
           by
           
             Alexander
             Levingstoun
          
           ,
           and
           a
           third
           Sort
           by
           
             John
             Currour
          
           .
           These
           ,
           being
           all
           of
           equal
           Fineness
           ,
           were
           made
           equally
           Current
           .
           One
           Groat
           I
           have
           ,
           which
           I
           believe
           to
           be
           of
           this
           King
           's
           own
           coining
           .
           It
           gives
           his
           Face
           open
           ,
           and
           a
           Crown
           on
           his
           Head
           ,
           with
           
             Jacobus
             Dei
             Gra.
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           .
           R.
           
             Villa
             Edinburgh
          
           (
           about
           two
           hexagonal
           Mullets
           ,
           and
           twice
           three
           Balls
           ,
           countercharg'd
           )
           on
           the
           inner
           Circle
           ,
           and
           
             Dn̄s
             Protector
             MS.
          
           &c.
           on
           the
           outer
           .
           W.
           1
           ½
           Dw.
           In
           the
           abovemention'd
           Ordnance
           of
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           I
           find
           two
           more
           ,
           which
           are
           there
           call'd
           
             Schotsche
             Stooter
          
           ;
           and
           which
           one
           would
           imagine
           to
           be
           both
           of
           this
           King
           's
           coining
           .
           The
           one
           of
           these
           differs
           very
           little
           from
           that
           already
           describ'd
           ;
           faving
           that
           ,
           in
           the
           outer
           Circle
           on
           the
           Reverse
           ,
           the
           Legend
           is
           
             Salvum
             fac
             Populum
             tuum
             Dōe
          
           .
           The
           like
           to
           which
           I
           have
           seen
           in
           Mr.
           
           Sutherland's
           Collection
           ,
           having
           (
           on
           the
           other
           Side
           )
           four
           IIII
           ,
           and
           a
           small
           Crown
           after
           the
           Word
           Scotorum
           :
           Another
           (
           instead
           of
           the
           four
           IIII
           )
           has
           
             Q.
             T.
          
           and
           a
           third
           QRA
           ;
           all
           signifying
           the
           Word
           Quartus
           .
           Half
           of
           the
           first
           of
           these
           ,
           is
           likewise
           there
           .
           
           The
           only
           Medal
           (
           as
           far
           as
           I
           yet
           have
           learn'd
           )
           which
           was
           struck
           by
           this
           King
           ,
           is
           that
           which
           is
           fairly
           describ'd
           and
           accounted
           for
           by
           the
           Learned
           (q)
           Mr.
           Evelyn
           ;
           who
           observes
           that
           it
           was
           coin'd
           in
           the
           last
           and
           fatal
           Year
           of
           his
           Reign
           .
           The
           other
           begins
           its
           first
           Inscription
           with
           Jacobus
           4.
           but
           the
           Figure
           is
           undoubtedly
           misprinted
           for
           that
           of
           of
           5
           ,
           the
           Piece
           being
           the
           very
           same
           which
           we
           shall
           presently
           present
           the
           Reader
           with
           ,
           as
           the
           proper
           Groat
           of
           the
           next
           Reign
           .
        
         
           
           King
           James
           the
           Fifth
           ,
           as
           far
           as
           appears
           by
           the
           Statutes
           of
           his
           Time
           ,
           made
           no
           manner
           of
           Alteration
           in
           the
           Standard
           of
           the
           Coin
           :
           And
           yet
           towards
           the
           End
           of
           his
           Reign
           ,
           or
           the
           Beginning
           of
           his
           Daughters
           ,
           a
           mighty
           Change
           did
           happen
           ,
           both
           in
           the
           naming
           of
           the
           Scottish
           Pieces
           of
           Money
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Computation
           of
           their
           Sums
           ;
           as
           we
           shall
           see
           anon
           .
           The
           eldest
           of
           his
           Coins
           (
           Groat
           and
           Half-groat
           )
           give
           him
           Side-faced
           with
           
             Jacobus
             Dei
             Gra.
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           .
           R.
           Cross
           Floree
           ,
           two
           Thistle-heads
           and
           two
           Spur-Rowels
           (
           for
           they
           are
           hexagonal
           and
           pierc'd
           in
           the
           Center
           )
           with
           
             Villa
             Edinburgh
          
           .
           His
           later
           Groat
           gives
           him
           in
           Bust
           ,
           side-faced
           ,
           with
           short
           lank
           Hair
           crown'd
           ,
           Jacobus
           5.
           
           
             Dei
             Gra.
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           .
           R.
           The
           Scotch
           Shield
           on
           a
           Cross
           ,
           circumscrib'd
           
             Oppidum
             Edinburgi
          
           .
           Others
           (
           which
           seem
           the
           elder
           )
           have
           Villa
           ,
           &c.
           W.
           1
           Dr.
           18
           Gr.
           
        
         
           
           After
           his
           Death
           ,
           we
           hear
           no
           more
           of
           any
           Groats
           ,
           Half-Groats
           ,
           Pennies
           or
           Half-pennies
           ,
           coin'd
           in
           Scotland
           ;
           nor
           any
           of
           their
           Names
           so
           much
           as
           once
           mention'd
           in
           any
           of
           the
           subsequent
           Acts
           of
           Parliament
           .
           'T
           is
           (r)
           suppos'd
           that
           ,
           by
           this
           Time
           ,
           the
           Price
           of
           Silver
           was
           so
           risen
           (
           or
           rather
           the
           Scots
           ,
           like
           the
           French
           ,
           had
           so
           rais'd
           the
           Accounts
           of
           their
           Sums
           )
           that
           the
           old
           smaller
           Silver
           Coins
           ,
           which
           took
           their
           Denomination
           from
           Pennies
           ,
           grew
           into
           disuse
           ;
           and
           the
           Pieces
           ,
           that
           were
           from
           henceforward
           coin'd
           ,
           took
           theirs
           from
           Shillings
           
           and
           Merks
           .
           Thus
           ,
           in
           France
           ,
           the
           Deniers
           perish'd
           and
           were
           forgotten
           ;
           and
           the
           Sols
           and
           Livres
           succeeded
           in
           their
           Room
           .
           We
           do
           not
           indeed
           meet
           with
           the
           Name
           of
           Testoons
           (
           in
           the
           publick
           Statutes
           of
           the
           Realm
           )
           before
           the
           Beginning
           of
           James
           the
           Sixth's
           Reign
           :
           But
           't
           is
           more
           than
           probable
           that
           the
           Name
           was
           common
           enough
           in
           his
           Mother's
           Time
           ;
           that
           the
           Pieces
           so
           call'd
           ,
           were
           coin'd
           in
           Imitation
           of
           our
           English
           Shillings
           ;
           and
           that
           their
           current
           Value
           was
           Five
           Shillings
           Scotch
           .
           Many
           of
           these
           ,
           and
           other
           Coins
           of
           this
           Reign
           ,
           are
           still
           to
           be
           seen
           in
           the
           Cabinets
           of
           the
           Curious
           :
           And
           I
           shall
           give
           the
           Reader
           an
           Account
           of
           such
           of
           'em
           as
           have
           com'd
           to
           my
           Knowledge
           in
           the
           same
           Order
           wherein
           they
           were
           minted
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           The
           eldest
           of
           these
           bears
           the
           (s)
           Queen
           side-faced
           and
           crown'd
           with
           
             Maria
             Dei
             Gra.
          
           R.
           Scotorum
           .
           R.
           The
           Shield
           of
           Scotland
           crown'd
           betwixt
           two
           Mullets
           ,
           and
           
             Da
             pacem
             Domine
          
           ,
           1553.
           
           The
           Second
           bears
           the
           Letter
           M.
           crown'd
           and
           supported
           with
           two
           crown'd
           Thistles
           ,
           inscrib'd
           
             Maria
             Dei
             G.
             Scotorum
             Regina
          
           ,
           1555.
           
           R.
           The
           Scotch
           Shield
           on
           a
           Cross
           ,
           circumscrib'd
           
             Deliciae
             Domini
             Cor
             bumile
          
           .
           W.
           5
           Dr.
           3
           Gr.
           Half
           of
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           Another
           of
           the
           same
           Year
           carries
           her
           Head
           with
           
             Maria
             Dei
             G.
             Scotor
             .
             Regina
             .
          
           R.
           A
           crown'd
           Shield
           ,
           and
           
             Justus
             fide
             vivit
          
           ,
           1555.
           
           W.
           3
           Dr.
           13
           Gr.
           
        
         
           3.
           
           The
           Scotch
           Shield
           ,
           supported
           by
           the
           Letters
           M
           and
           
             R
             ,
             Maria
             Dei
             G.
             Scotor
             .
             Regina
             ,
          
           1556.
           
           R.
           A
           large
           Cross
           ,
           with
           Four
           less
           in
           its
           Quarters
           ,
           
             Virtute
             tua
             libera
             me
          
           .
           W.
           4
           Dr.
           4
           Gr.
           
        
         
           4.
           
           The
           Half
           of
           this
           ,
           of
           the
           same
           Year
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           5.
           
           Differs
           nothing
           from
           the
           Third
           ,
           excepting
           in
           its
           Weight
           and
           Date
           ;
           for
           't
           is
           said
           to
           be
           coin'd
           in
           1558
           ,
           and
           weighs
           only
           3
           Dr.
           20
           Gr.
           
        
         
         
           6.
           
           F
           and
           M
           in
           a
           Cypher
           crown'd
           ,
           supported
           with
           double
           Crosslets
           ,
           
             Fecit
             utraque
             unum
          
           ,
           1558.
           
           R.
           The
           Arms
           of
           the
           Dauphine
           and
           Scotland
           ,
           with
           
             Franciscus
             &
             Mar.
             D.
             G.
             R.
             R.
             Scotor
             .
             D.
             D.
             Vien
             .
          
           W.
           4
           Dr.
           2
           Gr.
           Immediately
           upon
           the
           Death
           of
           Queen
           Mary
           of
           England
           (
           this
           Year
           )
           King
           Henry
           the
           Second
           of
           France
           (t)
           caused
           his
           Daughter-in-Law
           to
           be
           declar'd
           Queen
           of
           
             England
             ,
             Scotland
          
           and
           Ireland
           ,
           in
           the
           Parliament
           of
           Paris
           ;
           and
           order'd
           the
           Arms
           of
           England
           to
           be
           put
           on
           all
           her
           Plate
           ,
           Tapestry
           ,
           &c.
           
           It
           should
           seem
           that
           this
           was
           her
           common
           Style
           ever
           after
           ,
           till
           the
           Treaty
           of
           Leith
           cut
           her
           short
           ;
           For
           thus
           runs
           the
           first
           (u)
           Article
           there
           :
           
             Ut
             nec
          
           Franciae
           
             Rex
             ,
             nec
             ipsius
             Conjunx
          
           Scotiae
           Regina
           ,
           Angliae
           Hiberniaeve
           
             Titulos
             sibi
             deinceps
             usurparent
             ;
             Insignia
          
           Anglicana
           
             ex
             tota
             sua
             suppellectile
             delerent
             ;
             Diplomata
             ,
             in
             quibus
             Titulus
          
           Angliae
           &
           Hiberniae
           
             Ipsis
             tribuebatur
             ,
             supprimi
             .
             curarent
             .
          
           'T
           is
           much
           that
           ,
           in
           all
           this
           Time
           ,
           none
           of
           their
           Money
           bore
           the
           Arms
           and
           Title
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           yet
           I
           never
           saw
           nor
           read
           of
           any
           that
           did
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           Mr.
           Evelyn
           (x)
           mentions
           her
           assuming
           the
           Arms
           of
           England
           and
           Scotland
           in
           a
           Medal
           ;
           but
           that
           which
           he
           has
           given
           us
           ,
           and
           which
           he
           seems
           to
           think
           
             concerns
             the
             Story
             of
             our
             renown'd
             Queen
          
           Elizabeth
           ,
           has
           not
           a
           Stroke
           in
           it
           which
           looks
           this
           Way
           .
           The
           Queen
           indeed
           pleaded
           for
           (y)
           herself
           ,
           afterwards
           ,
           that
           she
           was
           constrain'd
           to
           this
           Usurpation
           by
           her
           Husband
           and
           Father-in-Law
           ;
           and
           that
           ,
           after
           their
           Death
           ,
           she
           never
           practis'd
           any
           such
           Matter
           :
           And
           so
           ,
           I
           suppose
           ,
           her
           suffering
           a
           Medal
           to
           be
           struck
           (
           in
           the
           Year
           1560
           )
           is
           to
           be
           accounted
           for
           .
           On
           this
           we
           have
           the
           Arms
           of
           
             France
             ,
             Scotland
          
           and
           England
           ,
           quarterly
           ,
           circumscrib'd
           
             Maria
             D.
             G.
             Francorum
             Scotorum
             Reg.
          
           &c.
           
           On
           the
           Reverse
           ,
           two
           Crowns
           on
           a
           Level
           ,
           with
           a
           Third
           in
           the
           Clouds
           ,
           inscrib'd
           
             Altamque
             Moratur
          
           1566.
           
        
         
         
           7.
           
           Another
           of
           the
           same
           Weight
           ,
           Stamp
           ,
           &c.
           with
           the
           last
           ;
           but
           coin'd
           in
           1559.
           
           One
           of
           the
           Articles
           wherewith
           the
           Lords
           of
           the
           Congregation
           (
           this
           very
           Year
           )
           charg'd
           the
           Queen-Regent
           ,
           was
           ,
           (z)
           that
           
             she
             had
             embas'd
             the
             Coin
             to
             maintain
             her
          
           [
           French
           ]
           Soldiers
           .
           The
           last
           mention'd
           is
           not
           referr'd
           to
           in
           this
           Charge
           ,
           but
           some
           (a)
           baser
           Pieces
           ,
           and
           smaller
           ;
           which
           carry
           the
           Cypher
           crown'd
           ,
           &c.
           but
           the
           Reverse
           has
           this
           Inscription
           on
           a
           Square
           ,
           
             Jam
             non
             sunt
             duo
             sed
             una
             caro
             ,
          
           1558
           and
           1559.
           
        
         
           8.
           
           Arms
           of
           France
           and
           Scotland
           crown'd
           ,
           on
           a
           Cross
           Crosslet
           ,
           
             Fra.
             &
             Ma.
             D.
             G.
             R.
             R.
             Franc.
             Scotor
             .
             q.
          
           R.
           F
           and
           M
           in
           a
           Cypher
           crown'd
           ,
           supported
           by
           a
           Flower-de-Lys
           and
           Thistle
           crown'd
           ,
           
             Vicit
             Leo
             de
             Tribu
             Juda
          
           ,
           1560.
           
           W.
           4
           Dr.
           2
           Gr.
           and
           1561.
           
        
         
           9.
           
           Half
           of
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           10.
           
           The
           Queen
           dress'd
           in
           her
           Hair
           ,
           
             Maria
             Dei
             Gra.
             Scotorum
             Regina
          
           ,
           1561
           and
           1562.
           
           R.
           Arms
           of
           France
           half
           effaced
           by
           those
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           the
           Shield
           crown'd
           and
           supported
           by
           two
           M
           M
           crown'd
           .
           
             Salvum
             fac
             populum
             tuum
             Domine
          
           .
           Half
           (b)
           of
           both
           these
           .
        
         
           11.
           
           After
           her
           Return
           out
           of
           France
           ,
           she
           coin'd
           the
           large
           Pieces
           of
           an
           Ounce
           Weight
           .
           On
           the
           first
           of
           these
           is
           the
           Shield
           of
           Scotland
           crown'd
           ,
           and
           supported
           by
           two
           Thistles
           ,
           
             Maria
             &
             Henric
             s.
             Dei
             Gra.
             R.
             &
             .
             R.
             Scotorum
             .
          
           R.
           A
           Palm-Tree
           crown'd
           ,
           with
           this
           Motto
           (
           on
           a
           Schedule
           hung
           in
           it
           )
           
             Dat
             Gloria
             Vires
          
           ,
           and
           subscrib'd
           1565
           ,
           and
           circumscrib'd
           
             Exurgat
             Deus
             ,
             Dissipent
             r.
             inimici
             ejus
             .
          
           The
           same
           in
           1566.
           
           Some
           call
           the
           Tree
           on
           the
           Reverse
           an
           Yew-Tree
           ;
           and
           report
           that
           there
           grew
           a
           famous
           one
           of
           that
           Kind
           in
           the
           Park
           (
           or
           Garden
           )
           of
           the
           Earl
           of
           Lennox
           ,
           which
           gave
           Occasion
           to
           the
           Impress
           :
           Wherein
           the
           Tree
           ,
           being
           crown'd
           ,
           denotes
           the
           
           Advancement
           of
           the
           
           Lennox-Family
           by
           Henry
           Lord
           
           Darnley's
           Marriage
           with
           the
           Queen
           ;
           and
           the
           Lemma
           of
           
             Dat
             gloria
             vires
          
           is
           observ'd
           to
           comport
           very
           well
           with
           the
           Device
           .
           This
           Piece
           went
           for
           Thirty
           Shillings
           ;
           there
           were
           at
           the
           same
           Time
           coin'd
           Pieces
           of
           two
           Thirds
           of
           an
           Ounce
           ,
           which
           went
           at
           20
           s.
           with
           some
           smaller
           of
           10
           s.
           and
           5
           s.
           All
           of
           'em
           had
           the
           same
           Impression
           .
        
         
           12.
           
           After
           her
           second
           Husband's
           Death
           ,
           she
           coin'd
           other
           new
           Pieces
           of
           an
           Ounce
           Weight
           ,
           &c.
           which
           agreed
           with
           the
           other
           in
           the
           Impression
           and
           every
           other
           Matter
           ,
           save
           that
           Henricus
           was
           now
           left
           out
           of
           the
           Style
           ,
           and
           the
           Date
           1567
           ,
           which
           we
           shall
           find
           to
           be
           same
           with
           the
           first
           coin'd
           Pieces
           of
           her
           Son.
           There
           are
           several
           Medals
           in
           Silver
           struck
           in
           Remembrance
           of
           some
           great
           Passages
           of
           this
           Queen's
           Life
           :
           One
           carries
           the
           Arms
           of
           France
           and
           Scotland
           crown'd
           with
           
             Maria
             D.
             G.
             Scotor
             .
             Regina
             Fran.
             Dot.
          
           R.
           A
           Hand
           out
           of
           the
           Clouds
           ,
           pruneing
           off
           a
           dry'd
           Branch
           ,
           and
           
             Virescit
             Vulnere
             Virtus
          
           .
           Another
           differs
           not
           from
           this
           ,
           on
           the
           Reverse
           ;
           but
           has
           the
           Scotch
           Shield
           single
           .
           A
           Third
           bears
           as
           the
           first
           :
           But
           the
           Reverse
           shews
           a
           Jugg
           of
           Water
           poured
           from
           the
           Clouds
           upon
           half
           a
           Tree
           flourishing
           ,
           the
           other
           half
           being
           dry'd
           and
           perish'd
           ,
           with
           
             Mea
             sic
             mihi
             prosunt
          
           ,
           subscrib'd
           1579
           ,
           A
           Fourth
           (
           of
           the
           same
           Year
           )
           carries
           a
           Ship
           in
           a
           Storm
           on
           a
           rough
           Sea
           ,
           with
           Sails
           rent
           and
           Masts
           broken
           ,
           but
           keeping
           steady
           ;
           with
           
             Nunquam
             nisi
             Rectam
          
           .
           In
           other
           Parts
           not
           differing
           from
           the
           former
           .
           A
           (c)
           Fifth
           (
           of
           about
           two
           Ounce-weight
           )
           with
           the
           Queen's
           Picture
           to
           the
           Waste
           ;
           with
           a
           Breviary
           in
           her
           Hand
           ,
           inscrib'd
           ,
           
             O
             God
             grant
             Patience
             ,
             in
             that
             I
             suffer
             vrang
             .
          
           The
           Reverse
           has
           this
           Inscription
           ,
           
             Quho
             can
             compare
             with
             me
             in
             Grief
             .
             I
             die
             and
             dar
             nocht
             seile
             Relief
             .
          
           Circumscrib'd
           (
           after
           one
           Hand
           ,
           with
           a
           Heart
           in
           it
           ,
           ready
           to
           joyn
           with
           another
           )
           
             Hourt
             not
             the
             Heart
             .
             Quhois
             Joy
             thou
             art
             .
          
        
         
         
           In
           the
           very
           Beginning
           of
           King
           James
           the
           Sixth's
           Reign
           ,
           
           a
           Complaint
           is
           made
           in
           Parliament
           ,
           (d)
           
             Of
             the
             great
             Scarcity
             of
             good
             Money
             in
          
           Scotland
           ,
           
             the
             good
             Silver
             ,
             as
          
           Testons
           
             and
             other
             old
             Silver
             ,
             being
             utterly
             melted
             and
             destroy'd
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             Ounce
             of
             Silver
             is
             at
             double
             the
             Price
             it
             wont
             to
             be
             at
             ;
             whereupon
             it
             is
             declar'd
             ,
             that
             the
             King
             ,
             with
             the
             Advice
             of
             his
             Regent
             ,
             may
             coin
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             of
             such
             Fineness
             as
             other
             Countries
             do
             ,
          
           &c.
           
           Accordingly
           ,
           among
           his
           Coins
           ,
           we
           have
           ,
        
         
           1.
           
           The
           Thirty-Shilling-Piece
           of
           an
           Ounce
           Weight
           ,
           whereon
           is
           the
           Shield
           of
           Scotland
           crown'd
           ,
           and
           supported
           by
           the
           Letters
           J
           and
           R
           crown'd
           ,
           with
           Jacobus
           6.
           
           
             Dei
             Gratia
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           .
           R.
           A
           drawn
           Sword
           with
           a
           Crown
           on
           its
           Point
           ,
           a
           Hand
           pointing
           to
           Three
           XXX
           for
           the
           Number
           of
           Shillings
           ,
           and
           the
           Date
           of
           1567
           set
           below
           ,
           and
           circumscrib'd
           with
           (
           that
           generous
           Saying
           of
           the
           brave
           Trajan
           ,
           upon
           the
           Delivery
           of
           the
           
           Praetor's
           Sword
           )
           
             Pro
             me
             .
             Si
             mereor
             ,
             in
             me
             .
          
           This
           is
           ,
           on
           all
           Hands
           ,
           agreed
           to
           be
           the
           Conceit
           of
           his
           Tutor
           ,
           
             G.
             Buchanan
          
           .
           The
           like
           Pieces
           (
           with
           those
           of
           20
           s.
           10
           s.
           and
           5
           s.
           differing
           only
           in
           a
           proportionable
           Weight
           and
           Size
           ,
           and
           their
           proper
           Figures
           of
           XX
           ,
           X
           and
           V
           )
           were
           coin'd
           in
           the
           Years
           1568
           ,
           69
           ,
           70
           and
           71.
           
        
         
           2.
           
           A
           Scotch
           Shield
           crown'd
           ,
           with
           the
           Figures
           3
           and
           4
           on
           the
           Sides
           ,
           Jacobus
           6.
           
           
             Dei
             Gratia
             Rex
             Scotorum
          
           .
           R.
           Four
           capital
           IIII
           crown'd
           ,
           with
           two
           Crowns
           and
           two
           Thistles
           countercharg'd
           in
           the
           Quarters
           ,
           
             Salvum
             fac
             populum
             tuum
             Dne
          
           .
           1572.
           
           W.
           2
           Dr.
           2
           Gr.
           This
           is
           only
           half
           of
           one
           with
           the
           same
           Inscription
           in
           Mr.
           
           Sutherland's
           Collection
           ;
           only
           ,
           his
           has
           the
           Figures
           6
           and
           8
           ,
           which
           shews
           it
           to
           have
           been
           coin'd
           for
           a
           Noble
           ,
           whereas
           the
           other
           is
           only
           a
           Ten-Groat-Piece
           ,
           or
           3
           s.
           4
           d.
           continu'd
           yearly
           to
           1577.
           
        
         
         
           3.
           
           Shield
           crown'd
           ,
           and
           Jacobus
           6.
           
           
             D.
             G.
             R.
             Scotorum
          
           ,
           1591
           ,
           1592.
           
           R.
           A
           naked
           Sword
           and
           Balance
           ,
           
             His
             differt
             Rege
             Tyrannus
          
           .
           W.
           2
           Dw.
           14
           Gr.
           Half
           of
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           The
           Royal
           Shield
           of
           Scotland
           crown'd
           ,
           with
           the
           usual
           Inscription
           of
           Jacobus
           6.
           
           
             Dei
             Gra.
          
           1578
           to
           1581.
           
           On
           the
           Reverse
           the
           Thistle
           ,
           (e)
           with
           
             Nemo
             me
             impune
             lacesset
          
           .
           W.
           6
           Dw.
           19
           Gr.
           The
           Mark-pieces
           of
           this
           Coin
           ,
           (
           which
           were
           coin'd
           Twenty
           Years
           after
           this
           ,
           and
           were
           long
           current
           in
           England
           at
           the
           Rate
           of
           Thirteen-pence-half-penny
           )
           want
           a
           Third
           of
           this
           Weight
           ;
           which
           't
           was
           necessary
           they
           should
           do
           ,
           when
           the
           Ounce
           of
           Silver
           went
           at
           60
           
             s.
             Scotch
          
           ,
           whereas
           now
           it
           was
           only
           valu'd
           at
           40
           s.
           For
           ,
           this
           very
           Year
           ,
           
             Thomas
             Acheson
          
           and
           others
           are
           impower'd
           to
           coin
           Ten-shilling-pieces
           ,
           Four
           in
           the
           Ounce
           of
           Eleven-penny
           fine
           Silver
           .
           [
           From
           this
           Mint-master
           the
           Copper-pieces
           ,
           of
           Eight-pennies
           or
           Four
           
           Both-wel's
           Value
           ,
           pretty
           common
           in
           this
           and
           the
           former
           Reign
           ,
           had
           the
           Name
           of
           Achesons
           given
           them
           .
           These
           ,
           in
           the
           Year
           1587
           ,
           were
           (f)
           cry'd
           down
           by
           Proclamation
           ,
           because
           Counterfeit
           in
           England
           and
           other
           foreign
           Parts
           :
           But
           their
           Currency
           was
           afterwards
           reviv'd
           ,
           and
           continu'd
           (
           on
           the
           English
           Borders
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           in
           Scotland
           )
           even
           within
           my
           own
           Memory
           .
           The
           Scots
           (
           says
           (g)
           Fynes
           Moryson
           )
           
             have
             of
             long
             Time
             had
             small
             Brass
             Coins
             ,
             which
             they
             say
             of
             late
          
           [
           his
           Book
           was
           printed
           in
           1617
           ]
           
             are
             taken
             away
             :
             Namely
          
           Babees
           ,
           
             esteem'd
             by
             them
             of
             old
             for
             Six-pence
             ,
             whereof
             two
             make
             an
          
           English
           
             Penny
             ;
             also
          
           Placks
           ,
           
             which
             they
             esteem'd
             for
             Four-pence
             ,
             but
             three
             of
             them
             make
             an
          
           English
           
             Penny
             ;
             also
          
           Hard-Heads
           ,
           
             esteem'd
             by
             them
             at
             one
             Penny
             half-penny
             ,
             whereof
             Eight
             made
             an
          
           English
           Penny.
           ]
        
         
         
           5.
           
           And
           the
           same
           Act
           directs
           ,
           that
           these
           new
           Pieces
           be
           such
           as
           are
           (h)
           
             havand
             on
             th'
             ane
             Side
             the
             Portrature
             of
             his
             Majesty's
             Body
             ,
             armed
             ,
             with
             ane
             Crown
             upon
             his
             Head
             ,
             and
             ane
             Sword
             in
             his
             Hand
             ,
             with
             this
             Cirucmscription
             ,
          
           JACOBVS
           .
           VI.
           DEI.
           GRATIA
           .
           REX
           .
           SCOTORVM
           .
           
             and
             on
             the
             uther
             Side
             ,
             his
             Hieness
             Arms
             in
             ane
             Scheild
             ,
             with
             an
             Crown
             above
             the
             same
             Scheild
             ,
             with
             the
             Dait
             of
             the
             Zeir
             ,
             upon
             ane
             of
             the
             Sides
             ,
             with
             this
             Circumscription
             ,
          
           HONOR
           .
           REGIS
           .
           IVDICIVM
           .
           DILIGIT
           .
           There
           are
           30
           s.
           20
           s.
           and
           5
           s.
           Pieces
           (
           as
           well
           as
           those
           here
           mention'd
           of
           10
           s.
           )
           which
           were
           made
           in
           Pursuance
           of
           this
           Act
           ,
           and
           answer
           its
           Directions
           as
           to
           their
           proportionable
           Weight
           and
           Circumscription
           :
           But
           furthermore
           ,
           on
           their
           Reverse
           ,
           they
           have
           the
           Letters
           J
           and
           R
           on
           the
           Sides
           of
           the
           Shield
           ,
           and
           a
           little
           under
           XL
           s.
           XXX
           s.
           XX
           
             s.
             &c.
          
           according
           to
           the
           respective
           Value
           of
           the
           Piece
           .
        
         
           6.
           
           In
           the
           Thirty
           first
           Year
           of
           this
           Reign
           ,
           there
           was
           another
           (i)
           Act
           pass'd
           about
           Coinage
           ,
           wherein
           (
           after
           a
           Complaint
           of
           the
           vile
           Practices
           of
           all
           Sorts
           of
           People
           ,
           in
           exorbitantly-raising
           the
           Value
           of
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           )
           it
           is
           order'd
           that
           the
           Ounce
           of
           Silver
           coin'd
           in
           Ten-shilling-pieces
           ,
           &c.
           according
           to
           the
           last
           recited
           ,
           shall
           stand
           at
           50
           s.
           and
           the
           old
           30
           s.
           Pieces
           (
           that
           is
           ,
           the
           Ounce-pieces
           of
           Queen
           Mary
           and
           King
           James
           )
           at
           the
           same
           Price
           ;
           and
           the
           new
           Thirty-shillings-pieces
           (
           being
           three
           Quarters
           of
           an
           Ounce
           )
           at
           37
           s.
           6
           d.
           This
           teaches
           us
           to
           discover
           the
           true
           Value
           of
           a
           Piece
           of
           this
           King's
           Coin
           ,
           of
           the
           exact
           Weight
           of
           one
           of
           our
           English
           Shillings
           ,
           bearing
           the
           King's
           Head
           without
           a
           Crown
           ,
           and
           Jacobus
           6.
           
           
             D.
             Gra.
          
           &c.
           R.
           A
           Thistle
           crown'd
           ,
           with
           
             Nemo
             me
             impune
             lacesset
          
           ,
           1594.
           
           There
           is
           no
           (k)
           Doubt
           but
           this
           Piece
           was
           coin'd
           to
           go
           for
           Ten
           Shillings
           ;
           the
           Weight
           of
           it
           
           exactly
           answering
           that
           Value
           at
           the
           Rate
           of
           50
           s.
           in
           the
           Ounce
           .
           Nor
           is
           it
           any
           Objection
           that
           this
           Piece
           was
           coin'd
           three
           Years
           before
           the
           passing
           of
           the
           said
           Act
           :
           For
           Silver
           was
           rais'd
           to
           this
           Value
           before
           the
           Act
           ,
           as
           appears
           by
           its
           Preface
           ;
           and
           't
           was
           its
           Design
           to
           hinder
           the
           farther
           raising
           of
           it
           ,
           by
           fixing
           it
           at
           the
           Price
           it
           then
           stood
           at
           .
           I
           have
           the
           Half
           ,
           a
           Quarter
           ,
           and
           an
           Eighth
           ,
           of
           this
           Coin.
           
        
         
           7.
           
           Notwithstanding
           the
           Provision
           of
           this
           Act
           ,
           the
           Price
           of
           the
           Ounce
           of
           Silver
           was
           (
           within
           Four
           Years
           )
           advanc'd
           to
           Sixty
           Shillings
           :
           For
           the
           Merk-pieces
           ,
           which
           were
           coin'd
           in
           1601
           (
           to
           1604
           )
           are
           proportion'd
           to
           that
           Rate
           .
           They
           have
           ,
           on
           one
           Side
           ,
           the
           Shield
           of
           Scotland
           crown'd
           with
           Jacobus
           6.
           
           
             D.
             Gra.
             Scotorum
          
           :
           And
           ,
           on
           the
           Reverse
           ,
           the
           Thistle
           crown'd
           with
           
             Regem
             Jova
             Protegit
          
           .
           W.
           4
           Dw.
           9
           Gr.
           There
           was
           also
           Half-merks
           and
           Quarter-merks
           of
           the
           same
           Coin
           ;
           the
           former
           passing
           at
           6
           s.
           8
           d.
           and
           the
           other
           at
           3
           s.
           4
           d.
           Nay
           ,
           there
           was
           also
           the
           Eighth
           of
           a
           Merk-piece
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           least
           Piece
           of
           coin'd
           Silver
           which
           (
           I
           think
           )
           was
           ever
           minted
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Scotland
           :
           It
           weighs
           about
           Three-half
           pence
           of
           our
           English
           Money
           ,
           and
           goes
           for
           20
           
             d.
             Scotch
          
           ,
           which
           is
           one
           Sixth
           short
           of
           our
           Two-pence
           .
           And
           these
           Merks
           ,
           with
           their
           Subdivisions
           ,
           were
           the
           last
           Silver-money
           coin'd
           by
           King
           James
           the
           Sixth
           ,
           before
           he
           left
           Edinburgh
           ,
           and
           remov'd
           to
           London
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
         
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A52339-e10
           
             (a)
             
               J.
               Major
            
             ,
             Hist
             .
             lib.
             5.
             cap.
             5.
             
          
           
             (b)
             
               H.
               Boeth
            
             .
             lib.
             2.
             fol.
             10.
             a.
             
          
           
             (c)
             Hist
             .
             Scot.
             lib.
             ●
             .
             p.
             8●
             .
          
           
             (d)
             
               H.
               Boeth
            
             .
             lib.
             3.
             fol.
             46.
             a.
             
          
           
             Picts
             .
          
           
             (e)
             
               H.
               Boeth
            
             .
             Lib.
             10.
             fol.
             194.
             a.
             
          
           
             K.
             Donald
             .
          
           
             (f)
             Id.
             Lib.
             5.
             fol.
             86.
             b.
             Lesl
             .
             lib.
             2.
             p.
             109.
             and
             Buchanan
             (
             Lib.
             6.
             p.
             m.
             175.
             )
             says
             
             Sterling-Money
             was
             first
             coin'd
             by
             Donald
             the
             Fifth
             about
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             Ninth
             Century
             .
          
           
             Malcolm
             II
             
          
           
             (g)
             LL.
             Malc
             .
             2.
             capp
             .
             3.7
             ,
             8.
             
          
           
             (h)
             Vid.
             L
             L.
             ASS.
             Edit
             .
             Wheloc
             .
             p.
             95.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A52339-e680
           
             (i)
             
               H.
               Boeth
            
             .
             lib.
             3.
             fol.
             35.
             a.
             
          
           
             (k)
             Id.
             lib.
             12.
             fol.
             260.
             a.
             Vid.
             &
             
               Reg.
               Majest
            
             .
             lib.
             4.
             cap.
             31.
             
          
           
             (l)
             Reg.
             Majest
             .
             lib.
             4.
             cap.
             40.
             v.
             7.
             
          
           
             (m)
             Penes
             D.
             
               Rob.
               Sibbald
            
             .
          
           
             K.
             Rob.
             II.
             
          
           
             Rob.
             III
             
          
           
             (n)
             Traite
             Historique
             des
             Monnoyes
             de
             France
             .
             4to
             .
             Amsterd
             1692.
             54.
             
          
           
             James
             I.
             
          
           
             (o)
             Parl.
             8.
             
             Ja.
             2.
             cap.
             33.
             
             Oct.
             25.
             1451.
             
          
           
             James
             II.
             
          
           
             (p)
             Parl.
             13.
             cap.
             29.
             
             Oct.
             19
             :
             1455.
             
          
           
             James
             III.
             
          
           
             (q)
             Oct.
             12.
             1467.
             cap.
             18.
             
          
           
             (r)
             Parl.
             4
             :
             cap.
             23.
             
          
           
             (s)
             Nov.
             20.
             1475.
             cap.
             67.
             
          
           
             (t)
             Feb.
             24.
             1483.
             cap.
             93.
             
          
           
             James
             IV.
             
          
           
             (u)
             A.
             D.
             1488.
             
             Parl.
             1.
             
             Jac.
             4.
             cap.
             a.
             Vide
             &
             Ejusd
             .
             Parl.
             4.
             cap
             :
             40.
             
          
           
             (x)
             8vo
             Antverp
             .
             1575.
             
          
           
             J.
             Duke
             of
             Albany
             .
          
           
             James
             V.
             
          
           
             
               Q.
               Mary
            
          
           
             James
             VI.
             
          
           
             (a)
             Dec.
             19
             ,
             1597.
             cap.
             249.
             
          
           
             (b)
             MS.
             in
             Bibl.
             ICC.
             Edinb
             .
          
           
             (c)
             In
             Atchison's
             MS.
             Tr.
             of
             Metals
             .
          
           
             Silver
             .
          
           
             (d)
             RR.
             D
             ,
             D.
             Archiep.
             Ebor.
             
          
           
             David
             I.
             
          
           
             (e)
             Assis
             .
             R.
             Dav.
             1.
             cap.
             1.
             
          
           
             (f)
             
               Reg.
               Majest
               ,
               Lib.
            
             4.
             cap.
             40.
             v.
             17
             ,
          
           
             (g)
             LL.
             Burg.
             cap.
             121.
             
          
           
             William
             I.
             
          
           
             (h)
             
               H.
               Boeth
            
             .
             lib.
             13.
             
             Fol.
             272.
             b.
             
          
           
             (i)
             Ibid.
             Fol.
             277.
             a.
             
          
           
             (k)
             Penes
             RR.
             D.
             D.
             Archiep.
             Ebor.
             &
             D.
             R.
             Ihoresbi
             .
          
           
             (k)
             p.
             D.
             
               Ja.
               Sutherland
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Chron.
             Melross
             .
             ad
             An.
             1195.
             
          
           
             (m)
             Stat.
             Gild.
             capp
             .
             18.24
             ,
             26.
             
          
           
             Alex.
             III
             ▪
             
          
           
             K.
             John.
             
          
           
             Rob.
             I.
             
          
           
             (n)
             
               H.
               Boeth
            
             .
             lib.
             14.
             fol.
             308.
             b.
             
          
           
             (o)
             Hist
             .
             Scot.
             lib.
             7.
             p.
             237.
             
          
           
             (p)
             P.
             D.
             
               J.
               Sutherland
            
             .
          
           
             David
             II
             
          
           
             (q)
             Vid.
             Stat.
             Dav.
             2.
             capp
             .
             38.
             
             &
             46.
             
          
           
             (r)
             p.
             D.
             Sutherland
             .
          
           
             Rob.
             II.
             
          
           
             (s)
             p.
             Eundem
             .
          
           
             Rob.
             III.
             
          
           
             (t)
             Parl.
             1
             Jac.
             1.
             cap.
             23.
             
             Mar.
             26.
             1424.
             
          
           
             James
             I.
             
          
           
             (u)
             
               H.
               Boeth
            
             .
             lib.
             17.
             
             Fol.
             346.
             
          
           
             (x)
             Vid.
             Lesl
             .
             Hist
             .
             Scot.
             lib.
             7.
             cap.
             261.
             
          
           
             (y)
             p
             :
             RR
             :
             D
             :
             D
             :
             Archiep
             :
             Ebor.
             
          
           
             (z)
             p
             :
             M
             :
             
               J
               :
               Sutherland
            
             .
          
           
             James
             II.
             
          
           
             (a)
             Parl
             :
             8
             :
             Ja
             :
             2
             :
             cap
             :
             33
             :
             Oct
             :
             25
             :
             1451.
             
          
           
             (b)
             Parl
             :
             13
             :
             Ja
             :
             2
             :
             cap
             :
             29
             :
             Oct
             :
             19
             :
             1455.
             
          
           
             (c)
             Parl
             :
             1
             :
             Ja
             :
             3
             :
             cap
             :
             23.
             
          
           
             (d)
             p.
             D.
             
               J.
               Sutherland
            
             .
          
           
             (e)
             Oct.
             9.
             1466.
             cap.
             9.
             
          
           
             James
             III.
             
          
           
             (f)
             Mr.
             Sutherland
             has
             Samples
             of
             these
             and
             some
             (
             of
             the
             like
             Kinds
             )
             in
             the
             following
             Reigns
             .
          
           
             (g)
             Parl.
             3.
             
             Ja.
             3.
             
             Oct.
             12.
             1467.
             cap.
             18.
             
          
           
             (h)
             D.
             Hume
             Hist
             .
             of
             Dugl
             .
             p.
             206.
             
          
           
             (i)
             Ibid.
             Par.
             2.
             226.
             
             Vid.
             etiam
             Lesl
             .
             Hist
             .
             Scot.
             lib.
             8.
             p.
             309.
             
             &
             
               J.
               Ferrer
            
             .
             Append.
             ad
             
               H.
               Boeth
            
             .
             Fol.
             395.
             a
             &
             G.
             Buchan
             .
             lib.
             12.
             p.
             m.
             444.
             
          
           
             (k)
             Parl.
             4.
             
             Ja.
             3.
             in
             Jan.
             1467.
             cap.
             23.
             
          
           
             (l)
             May
             ,
             6.
             1471.
             cap.
             46.
             
          
           
             (m)
             Nov.
             20.
             1475.
             cap.
             64.
             
          
           
             (n)
             Feb.
             24.
             1483.
             cap.
             93.
             
          
           
             (o)
             p.
             M.
             
               J.
               Sutherland
            
             .
          
           
             James
             IV.
             
          
           
             (p)
             Parl.
             1.
             
             Ja.
             4.
             
             A.
             D.
             1488.
             cap.
             2.
             
          
           
             (q)
             Numism
             .
             p.
             88.
             
          
           
             James
             V.
             
          
           
             
               Q.
               Mary
            
             .
          
           
             (r)
             Ita.
             RR.
             D.
             D.
             Archiep.
             Ebor.
             
          
           
             (s)
             p.
             D.
             Sutherland
             .
          
           
             (t)
             Lesl
             .
             Hist
             .
             Sot.
             lib.
             10.
             p.
             503.
             
          
           
             (u)
             Lesl
             .
             Hist
             .
             Scot.
             p.
             528.
             
          
           
             (x)
             Numism
             .
             93.
             
          
           
             (y)
             Archb.
             Spotsey
             .
             Hist
             .
             of
             Ch.
             of
             Scotl.
             lib.
             4.
             p.
             177.
             
          
           
             (z)
             B.
             Burnet
             ,
             Hist
             .
             of
             Reform
             .
             Vol.
             2.
             p.
             412.
             
          
           
             (a)
             p.
             ●
             .
             Sutherland
             .
          
           
             (b)
             Ibid.
             
          
           
             (c)
             Cum
             4.
             praemissir
             ,
             p.
             
               D.
               Sutherland
            
             .
          
           
             James
             VI
             ▪
             
          
           
             (d)
             Parl.
             1.
             
             Ja.
             6.
             cap.
             13.
             
          
           
             (e)
             Some
             of
             these
             have
             the
             Letter
             J
             and
             R
             on
             the
             Sides
             of
             the
             Thistle
             ;
             but
             the
             most
             want
             '
             em
             .
          
           
             (f)
             So
             the
             MS.
             Calderwood
             in
             the
             Library
             at
             Glasgow
             ,
             Vol.
             4.
             ad
             An.
             87.
             
          
           
             (g)
             Itio
             .
             Par.
             1.
             p.
             283.
             
          
           
             (h)
             Parl.
             7.
             
             Ja.
             6.
             
             Oct.
             24.
             1581.
             cap.
             106.
             
          
           
             (i)
             Parl.
             15.
             
             Ja.
             6.
             
             Dec.
             19
             ,
             1597.
             cap.
             249.
             
          
           
             (k)
             Ita
             RR.
             D.
             D.
             Archiep.
             Ebor.