A testimony and caution to such as do make a profession of truth who are in scorn called Quakers and more especially such who profess to be ministers of the gospel of peace, that they should not be concerned in worldly government.
         Budd, Thomas, 1648-1699.
      
       
         
           1692
        
      
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             A testimony and caution to such as do make a profession of truth who are in scorn called Quakers and more especially such who profess to be ministers of the gospel of peace, that they should not be concerned in worldly government.
             Budd, Thomas, 1648-1699.
             Hart, John.
             Society of Friends. Philadelphia Monthly Meeting.
          
           12 p.
           
             s.n.,
             [Philadelphia :
             1692]
          
           
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
             Caption title.
             Attributed to Thomas Budd. cf. NUC pre-1956.
             Signed: Thomas Budd. John Hart.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Society of Friends -- Doctrines.
        
      
    
     
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           A
           Testimony
           and
           Caution
           to
           such
           as
           do
           make
           a
           Profession
           of
           Truth
           ,
           who
           are
           in
           scorn
           called
           
             Quakers
             ,
          
           and
           more
           especially
           such
           who
           profess
           to
           be
           Ministers
           of
           the
           Gospel
           of
           Peace
           ,
           That
           they
           should
           not
           be
           concerned
           in
           Worldly
           Government
           .
        
         
           WE
           have
           for
           a
           long
           time
           been
           deeply
           sensible
           of
           the
           great
           hurt
           that
           many
           ,
           professing
           the
           same
           Truth
           with
           us
           ,
           (
           called
           in
           scorn
           
             Quakers
          
           )
           have
           received
           ,
           and
           do
           remain
           under
           in
           these
           Parts
           ,
           as
           to
           their
           Souls
           inward
           state
           in
           the
           growth
           and
           prosperity
           of
           Truth
           ,
           and
           the
           work
           and
           effect
           of
           it
           upon
           them
           ,
           so
           that
           to
           our
           certain
           Observation
           divers
           are
           come
           to
           a
           great
           loss
           and
           decay
           thereby
           ,
           as
           to
           their
           inward
           state
           in
           the
           Truth
           ,
           by
           their
           medling
           with
           Worldly
           Government
           ,
           in
           the
           several
           parts
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           respective
           Offices
           thereunto
           belonging
           ;
           as
           some
           being
           Judges
           ,
           wherein
           they
           are
           or
           may
           be
           concerned
           to
           pass
           Sentence
           of
           Corporal
           Punishment
           upon
           some
           ,
           as
           not
           only
           of
           an
           Eye
           for
           an
           Eye
           ,
           but
           of
           Life
           for
           Life
           ;
           the
           which
           ,
           although
           proper
           and
           necessary
           to
           be
           executed
           by
           Worldly
           Rulers
           and
           Judges
           ,
           yet
           seeing
           Christ
           hath
           forbid
           it
           unto
           his
           Followers
           ,
           
             Mat.
          
           5.38
           ,
           39.
           it
           is
           not
           proper
           for
           such
           as
           profess
           to
           follow
           Christ
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           most
           perfect
           and
           clear
           Gospel
           Dispensations
           and
           
           Ministration
           professed
           by
           us
           ;
           and
           as
           it
           doth
           not
           become
           any
           of
           our
           Profession
           to
           receive
           or
           undertake
           the
           Office
           of
           a
           Worldly
           Judge
           ,
           to
           judge
           in
           a
           matter
           of
           Life
           and
           Death
           ,
           or
           any
           degree
           of
           corporal
           Punishment
           ,
           so
           it
           is
           our
           Judgment
           and
           Perswasion
           ,
           that
           those
           of
           our
           Profession
           of
           the
           faithful
           People
           (
           called
           in
           scorn
           
             Quakers
          
           )
           should
           not
           meddle
           or
           be
           concerned
           with
           any
           other
           part
           or
           office
           of
           any
           worldly
           Rule
           or
           Government
           ,
           as
           to
           be
           Justice
           ,
           Sheriff
           or
           Constable
           ,
           or
           Jury-man
           in
           any
           Criminal
           Causes
           ,
           or
           to
           chuse
           or
           be
           chosen
           so
           to
           sit
           in
           an
           Assembly
           or
           Provincial
           Council
           to
           make
           Laws
           against
           Criminal
           Offenders
           ,
           extending
           either
           to
           the
           taking
           away
           of
           Life
           or
           any
           other
           corporal
           punishment
           .
           And
           for
           this
           our
           Perswasion
           ,
           we
           give
           these
           following
           Reasons
           .
        
         
           
             1st
             .
          
           Because
           Christ
           hath
           expresly
           forbid
           it
           to
           his
           Followers
           ,
           
             To
             take
             an
             Eye
             for
             an
             Eye
             ,
             or
             a
             Tooth
             for
             a
             Tooth
             ,
             nor
             to
             resist
             Evil
             ;
          
           for
           the
           same
           Reason
           ,
           not
           to
           take
           Life
           for
           Life
           ,
           or
           Limb
           for
           Limb
           ,
           or
           to
           use
           any
           Corporal
           Punishment
           towards
           any
           .
        
         
           
             2dly
             .
          
           Because
           
             Paul
          
           said
           ,
           in
           behalf
           of
           himself
           and
           all
           good
           
             Christians
             ,
          
           according
           to
           that
           clear
           Gospel
           Dispensation
           that
           they
           were
           come
           unto
           ,
           2
           
             Cor.
          
           10.4
           .
           
             The
             Weapons
             of
             our
             Warfare
             are
             not
             Carnal
             .
          
           Ephes
           .
           2.12
           .
           
             And
             we
             wrestle
             not
             against
             Flesh
             and
             Blood.
             
          
        
         
           
             3dly
             .
          
           Because
           Christ
           our
           Leader
           and
           Example
           said
           ,
           
             He
             came
             not
             to
             destroy
             mens
             Lives
             ,
             but
             to
             save
             them
             ,
          
           Luke
           9.56
           .
           And
           when
           the
           Woman
           taken
           in
           Adultery
           was
           brought
           before
           him
           ,
           though
           by
           the
           Law
           she
           deserved
           Death
           ,
           yet
           he
           did
           not
           condemn
           her
           ,
           but
           said
           ,
           to
           her
           ,
           
             Go
             ,
             sin
             no
             more
             ,
          
           John
           8.11
           .
           And
           when
           some
           of
           his
           Disciples
           asked
           him
           ,
           
             Wilt
             thou
             that
             we
             command
             Fire
             to
             come
             down
             from
             Heaven
             to
             consume
             them
             ?
          
           Luke
           9.54
           .
           he
           turned
           ,
           and
           rebuked
           them
           ,
           and
           said
           ,
           
             Ye
             know
             not
             
             what
             manner
             of
             Spirit
             ye
             are
             of
             ;
          
           and
           these
           concerning
           whom
           some
           of
           the
           Disciples
           spake
           ,
           were
           
             Samaritains
             ,
          
           that
           belonged
           to
           a
           Village
           ,
           who
           would
           not
           receive
           Christ
           into
           their
           Village
           ,
           which
           was
           a
           great
           breach
           of
           Humanity
           and
           humane
           Society
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           words
           it
           appeareth
           ,
           that
           to
           call
           for
           fire
           from
           Heaven
           to
           destroy
           the
           Life
           of
           Man
           ,
           or
           kindle
           a
           fire
           upon
           Earth
           to
           do
           it
           ,
           belongeth
           not
           to
           the
           perfect
           Gospel
           Spirit
           or
           State
           ,
           but
           is
           of
           the
           Law.
           
        
         
           
             4thly
             .
          
           Because
           Christ
           has
           expresly
           forbidden
           his
           Disciples
           
             To
             exercise
             Lordship
             ,
          
           or
           
             to
             lord
             it
             over
             their
             Brethren
             ,
          
           Luke
           22.25
           ,
           26.
           
           And
           he
           said
           unto
           them
           ,
           
             The
             Kings
             of
             the
          
           Gentiles
           
             exercise
             Lordship
             over
             them
             ,
             and
             they
             that
             exercise
             Authority
             upon
             them
             are
             called
             Benefactors
             ;
             but
             ye
             shall
             not
             be
             so
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           And
           since
           Christ
           hath
           allowed
           and
           appointed
           in
           his
           Church
           a
           spiritual
           Rule
           and
           Authority
           ,
           that
           some
           are
           to
           have
           over
           others
           ,
           by
           the
           Power
           of
           his
           Spirit
           in
           them
           ,
           that
           place
           
             Luke
          
           22.25
           .
           cannot
           be
           understood
           to
           forbid
           amongst
           his
           Disciples
           &
           Followers
           ,
           a
           spiritual
           Government
           and
           Rule
           in
           his
           Church
           ;
           and
           therefore
           what
           he
           forbids
           is
           Worldly
           Government
           among
           his
           Followers
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           World
           ,
           1
           
             Tim.
          
           3.5
           .
           &
           5.17
           .
           
             Heb.
          
           13.7.17
           .
           2
           
             Cor.
          
           10.8
           .
        
         
           
             5thly
             .
          
           From
           these
           &
           other
           places
           of
           Scripture
           ,
           our
           Friends
           from
           the
           beginning
           have
           solemnly
           declared
           against
           all
           use
           of
           the
           carnal
           Sword
           ,
           or
           of
           any
           carnal
           Weapon
           to
           hurt
           the
           Body
           of
           any
           man
           ,
           or
           take
           away
           the
           Life
           of
           any
           man
           or
           men
           in
           any
           ease
           ,
           whether
           offensive
           or
           defensive
           ;
           and
           for
           our
           part
           we
           do
           see
           it
           very
           clearly
           and
           plainly
           ,
           that
           the
           use
           of
           the
           Sword
           ,
           or
           o●
           some
           carnal
           or
           bodily
           Weapons
           ,
           is
           so
           necessary
           to
           the
           Worldly
           Magistrate
           to
           punish
           such
           as
           deserve
           it
           ,
           as
           the
           executive
           part
           of
           his
           Office
           cannot
           in
           an
           ordinary
           way
           (
           and
           without
           Miracles
           )
           be
           done
           without
           it
           ;
           and
           Practice
           doth
           sufficiently
           confirm
           it
           in
           this
           part
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           where
           some
           
           professing
           the
           same
           Principle
           with
           us
           against
           the
           use
           of
           the
           carnal
           Sword
           ,
           or
           other
           carnal
           Weapons
           ,
           yet
           because
           of
           their
           Office
           (
           some
           being
           Judges
           ,
           
             &c.
          
           )
           have
           passed
           Sentence
           of
           Death
           ,
           and
           other
           corporal
           Punishment
           upon
           Offenders
           ;
           and
           they
           could
           do
           no
           less
           to
           answer
           the
           Trust
           of
           the
           Office
           they
           had
           taken
           unto
           them
           ;
           and
           all
           rational
           men
           will
           judge
           ,
           that
           a
           pair
           of
           Stocks
           ,
           Whipping
           Post
           and
           Gallows
           ,
           are
           carnal
           Weapons
           ,
           as
           really
           as
           Sword
           or
           Gun
           ,
           and
           so
           is
           a
           Constables
           Staff
           ,
           when
           used
           ,
           as
           hath
           been
           by
           some
           ,
           to
           beat
           and
           knock
           down
           the
           Bodies
           of
           some
           obstinate
           Persons
           
             &
             c.
          
           ●nd
           if
           Bodily
           Violence
           may
           be
           used
           by
           a
           Constable
           with
           his
           Staff
           against
           one
           ,
           if
           that
           one
           get
           Ten
           to
           rescue
           him
           from
           the
           Constable
           and
           his
           Assistance
           ,
           this
           doth
           necessarily
           engage
           into
           a
           carnal
           way
           of
           Fighting
           in
           the
           pursuance
           of
           Justice
           against
           Offenders
           ;
           for
           it
           is
           not
           the
           number
           being
           great
           or
           small
           that
           makes
           a
           thing
           to
           be
           right
           or
           wrong
           :
           If
           it
           be
           a
           transgression
           of
           Christs
           Command
           to
           raise
           1000
           men
           with
           Clubs
           ,
           Swords
           and
           Guns
           to
           subdue
           &
           bring
           under
           1000
           men
           that
           are
           unjust
           Pursuers
           and
           Invaders
           of
           other
           mens
           Properties
           and
           Liberties
           ,
           it
           is
           by
           the
           same
           Reason
           to
           raise
           ten
           or
           five
           .
           And
           if
           any
           Invasion
           by
           Gods
           permission
           ,
           should
           happen
           by
           
             French
          
           or
           
             Indians
          
           against
           the
           Inhabitants
           in
           these
           parts
           ,
           if
           any
           of
           us
           be
           Magistrates
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           they
           cannot
           discharge
           the
           trust
           and
           duty
           that
           belongeth
           to
           them
           ,
           as
           such
           ,
           without
           raising
           force
           of
           Arms
           against
           them
           ;
           which
           would
           be
           a
           plain
           contradiction
           to
           the
           former
           Testimony
           of
           our
           Friends
           ;
           and
           to
           use
           any
           Violence
           to
           the
           Body
           of
           man
           ,
           by
           any
           Bodily
           Force
           ,
           is
           a
           Contradiction
           to
           that
           great
           and
           Gospel
           Promise
           ,
           
             They
             shall
             beat
             their
             Swords
             into
             Plo●
             Shares
             ,
             and
             their
             Spears
             into
             Pruning
             Hooks
             ,
             Isa
             .
          
           2.4
           .
           
             Mich.
          
           4.3
           .
           And
           ,
           as
           for
           those
           Reasons
           we
           judge
           it
           altogether
           improper
           for
           any
           who
           are
           sincere
           to
           their
           Profession
           ,
           (
           who
           are
           in
           scorn
           called
           
             Quakers
          
           )
           to
           be
           any
           manner
           
           of
           way
           concerned
           in
           any
           part
           of
           Office-bearing
           in
           worldly
           Government
           or
           Execution
           of
           Justice
           ,
           that
           toucheth
           the
           Body
           or
           Life
           of
           Man
           ,
           by
           any
           corporal
           Punishment
           ,
           so
           more
           especially
           to
           such
           it
           is
           most
           improper
           and
           unbecoming
           ,
           and
           
           and
           hurtful
           ,
           who
           profess
           to
           be
           Ministers
           of
           the
           p●●…ect
           Jesus
           ,
           who
           became
           our
           Example
           to
           suffer
           all
           thing
           patiently
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           do
           violence
           to
           any
           man
           ,
           to
           have
           a
           hand
           or
           part
           in
           the
           inflicting
           any
           corporal
           Punishment
           upon
           any
           for
           any
           Offence
           or
           Crime
           whatsoever
           ;
           for
           how
           improper
           and
           unsavoury
           is
           it
           for
           one
           and
           the
           same
           man
           to
           day
           to
           sit
           on
           the
           Beach
           ,
           bearing
           the
           Office
           of
           a
           Judge
           ,
           and
           to
           pass
           sentence
           on
           an
           Offender
           ,
           to
           take
           an
           Eye
           for
           an
           Eye
           ,
           and
           a
           Tooth
           for
           a
           Tooth
           ,
           Limb
           for
           Limb
           ,
           Life
           for
           Life
           ,
           
             &c.
          
           and
           to
           morrow
           to
           stand
           up
           and
           preach
           Christs
           words
           ,
           Mat.
           5.38
           ,
           39.
           
           
             Ye
             have
             heard
             that
             it
             hath
             been
             said
             ,
             an
             Eye
             for
             an
             Eye
             ,
             and
             a
             Tooth
             for
             a
             Tooth
             ,
             but
             I
             say
             unto
             you
             ,
             Resist
             not
             Evil
             ?
          
           for
           scarcely
           in
           any
           other
           
             Protestant
          
           Profession
           of
           
             Christianity
          
           is
           it
           allowed
           for
           Ministers
           of
           the
           Gospel
           to
           be
           Judges
           in
           secular
           matters
           .
        
         
           But
           to
           prevent
           all
           occasion
           of
           mistakes
           or
           offence
           ,
           we
           do
           solemnly
           declare
           our
           perswasion
           ,
           That
           we
           really
           believe
           ,
           and
           are
           perswaded
           ,
           that
           Magistracy
           and
           Worldly
           Government
           is
           an
           Ordinance
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           every
           Magistrate
           ,
           lawfully
           called
           to
           his
           Office
           ,
           is
           the
           Minister
           of
           God
           ,
           a
           Revenger
           to
           execute
           Wrath
           upon
           him
           that
           doth
           evil
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           beareth
           not
           the
           Sword
           in
           vain
           ,
           the
           which
           Sword
           is
           the
           Sword
           of
           Justice
           ,
           that
           ought
           to
           be
           drawn
           to
           punish
           Offenders
           with
           corporal
           Punishment
           ,
           greater
           or
           smaller
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           nature
           of
           the
           Offence
           ,
           
             Knowing
          
           (
           Tim.
           1.9
           .
           )
           
             that
             the
             Law
             is
             not
             made
             for
             a
             Righteous
             Man
             ,
             but
             for
             the
             Lawless
             and
             Disobedient
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           And
           also
           ,
           we●d
           sincerely
           believe
           and
           declare
           ,
           according
           to
           our
           sincere
           Faith
           and
           Perswasion
           ,
           That
           every
           
           one
           professing
           
             Christianity
          
           ought
           to
           be
           subject
           to
           all
           lawfull
           Commands
           of
           the
           Magistrate
           ,
           as
           all
           such
           are
           that
           neither
           contradict
           any
           of
           the
           Laws
           of
           God
           ,
           testified
           and
           recorded
           in
           the
           holy
           Scriptures
           ,
           nor
           incroach
           upon
           the
           true
           Liberty
           of
           Conscience
           in
           things
           pertaining
           to
           the
           Worship
           of
           God
           ;
           and
           that
           this
           Subjection
           to
           the
           Magistrate
           ,
           and
           his
           Commands
           ought
           to
           be
           given
           by
           all
           
             Christians
             ,
          
           from
           the
           highest
           to
           the
           lowest
           degree
           in
           the
           Truth
           ,
           
             not
             only
             for
             Wrath
             ,
             but
             for
             Conscience
             sake
             ;
          
           and
           that
           it
           is
           well
           consistent
           with
           the
           highest
           degree
           and
           growth
           in
           
             Christianty
             ,
          
           to
           give
           all
           due
           subjection
           to
           the
           Magistrate
           in
           all
           lawful
           things
           ,
           whether
           the
           Magistrate
           be
           
             Heathen
          
           or
           
             Christian
             ,
          
           so
           called
           ,
           or
           by
           any
           other
           Name
           .
           Yet
           notwithstanding
           ,
           we
           judge
           that
           the
           bearing
           Office
           in
           any
           Worldly
           Government
           of
           Magistracy
           ,
           doth
           not
           belong
           to
           the
           perfect
           and
           clear
           Dispensation
           and
           Ministration
           of
           the
           Spirit
           ,
           under
           the
           clear
           Gospel
           Day
           of
           Christ
           that
           is
           dawned
           amongst
           us
           ,
           after
           the
           long
           dark
           Night
           of
           Apostacy
           .
           And
           before
           the
           dark
           Night
           of
           Apostacy
           began
           ,
           the
           clear
           Gospel
           and
           perfect
           Day
           of
           Christ
           ,
           and
           clear
           Gospel
           Dispensation
           and
           Ministration
           of
           the
           S●i●…
           of
           Christ
           did
           shine
           in
           great
           Glory
           from
           the
           time
           immediately
           after
           Christs
           Ascention
           and
           giving
           the
           holy
           Ghost
           ,
           during
           which
           time
           of
           the
           clear
           Gospel
           and
           perfect
           Day
           of
           Christ
           ,
           we
           find
           not
           that
           any
           sincere
           
             Christians
          
           did
           bear
           the
           Office
           of
           a
           Magistrate
           under
           Kings
           or
           Princes
           of
           this
           World
           ,
           until
           the
           Night
           of
           Apostacy
           came
           upon
           the
           generality
           of
           Professors
           of
           
             Christianity
             ,
          
           the
           which
           Night
           came
           gradually
           upon
           them
           ,
           and
           not
           all
           at
           once
           ;
           and
           in
           this
           Night
           of
           Darkness
           there
           hath
           been
           a
           great
           Mixture
           of
           Truth
           and
           Error
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           of
           Law
           and
           Gospel
           ,
           that
           hath
           had
           place
           among
           the
           general
           sort
           of
           Professors
           ,
           and
           many
           or
           most
           that
           have
           been
           called
           
             Christians
             ,
          
           that
           have
           had
           a
           measure
           of
           sincerity
           &
           integrity
           ,
           
           have
           been
           more
           of
           a
           legal
           or
           Law
           Spirit
           than
           of
           a
           Gospel
           Spirit
           ,
           and
           have
           been
           rather
           under
           the
           first
           Ministration
           of
           the
           Spirit
           than
           under
           the
           second
           ,
           in
           great
           part
           .
           And
           Wars
           ,
           even
           in
           case
           of
           Defence
           ,
           and
           Worldly
           Government
           belong
           to
           the
           first
           Ministration
           of
           the
           Spirit
           ,
           that
           is
           of
           the
           Law
           ,
           common
           to
           pious
           
             Gentiles
             ,
          
           and
           many
           called
           
             Christians
             ,
          
           but
           are
           not
           proper
           ,
           nor
           belonging
           to
           the
           second
           Ministration
           of
           the
           Spirit
           ,
           that
           brings
           to
           perfection
           in
           the
           
             Christian
             Life
          
           and
           
             Vertues
             ;
          
           Therefore
           we
           caution
           and
           exhort
           all
           ,
           who
           have
           the
           perfect
           Life
           and
           State
           of
           Christianity
           ,
           and
           the
           Virtues
           ●●…
           ,
           as
           their
           mark
           &
           aim
           before
           them
           ,
           not
           to
           meddle
           with
           Worldly
           Government
           or
           Magistracy
           ,
           or
           to
           act
           in
           it
           by
           way
           of
           Force
           and
           Rule
           ,
           but
           rather
           to
           leave
           it
           to
           others
           ,
           to
           whom
           it
           is
           more
           proper
           ;
           and
           yet
           to
           be
           subject
           to
           all
           lawful
           Commands
           of
           all
           Magistrates
           actively
           ;
           and
           if
           they
           command
           unlawful
           things
           ,
           to
           be
           passive
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           resist
           ,
           but
           patiently
           to
           suffer
           whatever
           may
           be
           inflicted
           upon
           them
           ,
           and
           pray
           for
           all
           men
           ,
           for
           Kings
           ,
           and
           all
           that
           are
           in
           Authority
           ,
           that
           we
           may
           live
           a
           godly
           and
           quiet
           Life
           under
           them
           .
        
         
           Object
           .
           1.
           
           But
           if
           any
           say
           ,
           
             It
             is
             better
             for
             honest
             good
             vertuous
             men
          
           (
           
             called
          
           Quakers
           )
           
             to
             rule
             over
             their
             Brethren
             and
             others
             ,
             who
             may
             be
             expected
             ,
             that
             they
             will
             rule
             well
             ,
             and
             administer
             Justice
             impartially
             ,
             and
             mix
             Mercy
             with
             Justice
             in
             cases
             that
             may
             allow
             ,
             than
             by
             their
             refusing
             to
             bear
             the
             Office
             in
             Worldly
             Government
             ,
             to
             give
             up
             the
             Government
             to
             others
             ,
             that
             may
             do
             very
             unjust
             things
             ,
             and
             persecute
             ,
             yea
             ,
             exercise
             great
             Cruelty
             over
             the
             People
             .
          
        
         
           To
           this
           we
           answer
           ,
           
             first
             ,
          
           Men
           ought
           not
           to
           do
           evil
           that
           good
           may
           come
           of
           it
           ,
           seeing
           Christ
           hath
           commanded
           his
           Disciples
           ,
           
             Not
             to
             exercise
             Lordship
             or
             Worldly
             Authority
             over
             men
             ;
          
           they
           must
           regard
           his
           Commandment
           ,
           hoping
           that
           all
           will
           be
           turned
           unto
           good
           to
           them
           that
           fear
           and
           love
           God.
           
        
         
         
           
             2dly
             ,
          
           There
           may
           be
           found
           men
           that
           are
           more
           fitted
           and
           qualified
           for
           Worldly
           Government
           ,
           to
           administer
           Justice
           in
           partially
           ,
           than
           the
           People
           called
           
             Quakers
             ,
          
           because
           they
           may
           be
           more
           knowing
           and
           expert
           in
           the
           Laws
           ,
           and
           may
           be
           men
           of
           a
           just
           Principle
           ,
           in
           whom
           the
           just
           Principle
           of
           Truth
           may
           in
           good
           measure
           rule
           ,
           though
           they
           be
           not
           of
           our
           Profession
           ,
           nor
           of
           our
           Faith
           or
           Perswasion
           in
           many
           things
           ;
           for
           there
           are
           just
           men
           that
           may
           be
           found
           ,
           and
           have
           been
           found
           amongst
           those
           called
           
             Heathens
          
           or
           
             Gentiles
             ,
          
           and
           why
           not
           much
           rather
           amongst
           the
           lower
           Professions
           in
           
             Christendom
             ,
          
           who
           though
           they
           are
           not
           come
           clearly
           to
           the
           second
           Ministration
           of
           the
           Spirit
           ,
           yet
           may
           be
           under
           the
           first
           Ministration
           thereof
           ,
           and
           may
           be
           both
           just
           men
           ,
           and
           better
           skilled
           in
           the
           Laws
           than
           them
           called
           
             Quakers
             ,
          
           and
           therefore
           more
           qualified
           for
           bearing
           Office
           in
           Worldly
           Government
           .
           And
           as
           concerning
           Persecution
           and
           Cruelty
           ,
           there
           is
           a
           hand
           of
           God
           in
           suffering
           those
           things
           ,
           when
           they
           come
           ,
           either
           for
           the
           sins
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           or
           to
           try
           their
           Faith
           and
           Patience
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           exercise
           of
           their
           
             Christian
             Virtues
             ;
          
           and
           if
           Persecution
           and
           Cruelty
           be
           used
           or
           Injustice
           done
           to
           any
           ,
           it
           is
           more
           tolerable
           that
           others
           be
           the
           Instruments
           of
           it
           ,
           than
           any
           called
           
             Quakers
             ;
          
           for
           if
           any
           called
           
             Quakers
          
           do
           any
           unjust
           thing
           ,
           it
           is
           a
           great
           Reflection
           upon
           the
           whole
           Profession
           ;
           but
           if
           none
           of
           them
           have
           any
           Office
           in
           the
           Government
           ,
           and
           any
           thing
           be
           done
           amiss
           therein
           ,
           they
           will
           not
           be
           chargeable
           with
           it
           .
           But
           we
           hope
           none
           will
           construe
           our
           sence
           or
           intention
           ,
           as
           if
           we
           desired
           Persecution
           to
           come
           either
           upon
           us
           ,
           or
           any
           others
           ;
           for
           we
           do
           judge
           and
           esteem
           ,
           that
           outward
           peace
           ,
           quiet
           and
           freedom
           from
           Persecution
           is
           a
           great
           mercy
           and
           blessing
           of
           God
           ,
           which
           we
           desire
           to
           bless
           God
           for
           ,
           and
           all
           his
           other
           Mercies
           ;
           and
           our
           Prayer
           to
           God
           is
           that
           none
           may
           abuse
           their
           outward
           Liberty
           ,
           but
           that
           it
           may
           be
           blessed
           to
           them
           ,
           
           and
           that
           they
           may
           use
           it
           to
           Gods
           Glory
           ,
           and
           their
           Souls
           peace
           and
           prosperity
           in
           the
           Truth
           .
        
         
           
             Object
             .
          
           2.
           
           And
           if
           any
           further
           Objections
           be
           made
           against
           this
           Position
           ,
           we
           may
           conclude
           they
           are
           such
           as
           can
           be
           made
           against
           that
           position
           ,
           
             That
             under
             the
             pure
             Gospel
             Dispensation
             we
             are
             not
             to
             war
             nor
             fight
             with
             carnal
             Weapons
             ;
          
           which
           our
           Friends
           have
           plainly
           witnessed
           against
           ;
           nor
           will
           this
           position
           give
           any
           just
           cause
           of
           Offence
           to
           superiour
           Magistrates
           ,
           but
           rather
           it
           will
           give
           them
           great
           Satisfaction
           ,
           to
           find
           us
           a
           people
           that
           are
           no
           wise
           ambitious
           of
           Worldly
           Government
           ,
           and
           wholly
           principled
           to
           be
           subject
           to
           their
           Authority
           in
           all
           things
           ,
           either
           actively
           or
           passively
           :
           By
           this
           means
           all
           occasions
           of
           jealousie
           or
           distrust
           will
           be
           removed
           from
           them
           ,
           after
           they
           have
           good
           tryal
           of
           us
           ,
           by
           finding
           us
           constant
           to
           our
           Principle
           ,
           that
           they
           can
           be
           in
           no
           danger
           by
           us
           ,
           of
           being
           guilty
           of
           any
           Plots
           or
           Conspiracies
           against
           the
           Government
           ;
           and
           it
           can
           give
           as
           little
           cause
           of
           offence
           to
           inferiour
           Magistrates
           ,
           because
           men
           commonly
           desire
           places
           of
           Office
           in
           Magistracy
           and
           Government
           ,
           and
           if
           all
           of
           our
           Profession
           refuse
           such
           Places
           and
           Offices
           ,
           this
           will
           the
           more
           oblige
           them
           ,
           by
           their
           having
           the
           more
           ready
           opportunity
           to
           have
           their
           minds
           answered
           .
        
         
           
             Object
             .
          
           3.
           
           But
           if
           any
           further
           object
           ,
           
             What
             if
             one
             that
             is
             a
             Magistrate
             be
             convinced
             and
             perswaded
             to
             be
             of
             our
             Way
             ,
             must
             he
             leave
             off
             being
             a
             Magistrate
             ?
          
        
         
           To
           this
           it
           is
           easily
           answered
           ,
           If
           he
           be
           really
           convinced
           and
           perswaded
           by
           the
           Spirit
           of
           God
           to
           be
           of
           our
           way
           ,
           the
           same
           .
           Spirit
           that
           hath
           convinced
           him
           of
           the
           Truth
           of
           our
           Way
           in
           other
           things
           ,
           will
           convince
           him
           of
           the
           Truth
           of
           it
           in
           that
           also
           ;
           and
           if
           so
           ,
           he
           will
           freely
           and
           willingly
           desire
           to
           lay
           down
           his
           former
           Power
           as
           a
           Magistrate
           ,
           to
           receive
           greater
           Power
           and
           Honour
           to
           be
           a
           Disciple
           and
           Follower
           of
           Christ
           ,
           who
           
           said
           ,
           
             My
             Kingdom
             is
             not
             of
             this
             World
             ;
          
           and
           as
           his
           Kingdom
           is
           not
           of
           this
           World
           ,
           so
           nor
           will
           ours
           be
           ,
           if
           we
           be
           faithful
           Followers
           of
           him
           .
           Nor
           is
           this
           to
           unchristian
           all
           others
           who
           are
           Magistrates
           ,
           or
           may
           not
           be
           of
           our
           mind
           in
           this
           case
           ;
           for
           we
           distinguish
           betwixt
           the
           first
           and
           second
           Ministration
           of
           the
           Spirit
           ,
           and
           betwixt
           the
           present
           
             Christianity
          
           that
           many
           have
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           partly
           Legal
           and
           partly
           Evangelical
           .
           And
           to
           such
           who
           aim
           to
           arrive
           to
           this
           degree
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           said
           ,
           If
           thou
           wilt
           be
           perfect
           leave
           the
           Worldly
           Government
           ,
           and
           follow
           Christ
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           attain
           the
           desired
           Perfection
           ;
           for
           as
           there
           are
           higher
           and
           lower
           degrees
           in
           
             Christianity
             ,
          
           so
           it
           may
           be
           more
           tolerable
           or
           excusable
           to
           one
           in
           his
           lower
           degree
           ,
           that
           Teeth
           no
           further
           ,
           and
           is
           not
           convinced
           of
           any
           further
           discovery
           ,
           than
           to
           another
           that
           seeth
           further
           ,
           and
           hath
           a
           further
           and
           clearer
           Discovery
           .
           And
           far
           be
           it
           from
           us
           to
           judge
           men
           no
           
             Christians
             ,
          
           that
           see
           nor
           equally
           into
           all
           things
           pertaining
           either
           to
           the
           
             Christian
             Faith
          
           or
           
             Practice
             ,
          
           provided
           they
           hold
           the
           Head
           ,
           and
           build
           on
           the
           true
           Foundation
           ,
           which
           is
           Christ
           Jesus
           ,
           and
           have
           Faith
           in
           him
           ,
           by
           the
           help
           of
           his
           Spirit
           in
           us
           ,
           
             as
             he
             dyed
             for
             our
             Sins
             and
             rose
             again
             for
             our
             Justification
             ,
          
           who
           is
           at
           the
           right
           Hand
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           also
           maketh
           Intercession
           for
           us
           ,
           and
           hold
           the
           most
           necessary
           and
           Fundamental
           Principles
           of
           
             Christian
             Doctrine
             ,
          
           and
           obey
           the
           Commands
           of
           Christ
           in
           so
           far
           as
           they
           are
           convinced
           of
           them
           ,
           we
           ought
           in
           Charity
           to
           allow
           them
           to
           be
           our
           
             Christian
             Brethren
          
           in
           general
           ,
           (
           yet
           not
           of
           our
           particular
           Fellowship
           or
           Society
           )
           tho'
           in
           some
           things
           we
           differ
           from
           them
           ,
           having
           further
           discoveries
           of
           Light
           into
           spiritual
           things
           and
           mysteries
           ,
           as
           particularly
           in
           the
           case
           of
           
             Swearing
             ,
          
           and
           
             Fighting
             ,
          
           or
           using
           the
           outward
           Weapon
           in
           Self-defence
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           case
           of
           
             Paying
             Tythes
          
           to
           uphold
           a
           Worldly
           Ministry
           .
           It
           is
           generally
           confessed
           by
           the
           People
           called
           
             Quakers
             ,
          
           that
           to
           
             Swear
          
           or
           
             pay
             Tythes
          
           are
           short
           of
           
           
             Christian
             Perfection
             ,
          
           and
           ought
           not
           to
           be
           done
           ,
           and
           yet
           they
           are
           more
           Charitable
           than
           to
           judge
           ,
           that
           no
           man
           is
           in
           any
           degree
           a
           
             Christian
          
           that
           doth
           
             Swear
          
           or
           
             pay
             Tythes
             ,
          
           or
           contribute
           to
           a
           Worldly
           Ministry
           ,
           because
           there
           are
           many
           yet
           see
           not
           the
           evil
           of
           those
           things
           ,
           and
           yet
           in
           other
           things
           are
           conscientious
           ,
           and
           endeavour
           to
           walk
           in
           faithfulness
           to
           what
           they
           know
           .
           And
           as
           Charity
           ought
           to
           be
           extended
           unto
           them
           who
           
             Swear
          
           and
           
             pay
             Tythes
             ,
          
           if
           they
           see
           no
           further
           ,
           and
           do
           not
           willfully
           shut
           their
           Eyes
           against
           a
           further
           discovery
           ,
           so
           the
           like
           Charity
           may
           be
           extended
           to
           them
           who
           may
           be
           concerned
           in
           Wars
           or
           Government
           ,
           if
           they
           do
           not
           see
           into
           it
           ,
           that
           it
           belongeth
           not
           to
           the
           
             Perfect
             Dispensation
             of
             Christianity
             .
          
        
         
           
             Given
             forth
             at
             the
             Monethly
             Meeting
             of
             the
          
           Christian
           
             People
             ,
             called
          
           Quakers
           ,
           
             at
             the
             House
             of
          
           Phillip
           James
           ,
           
             the
             28th
             of
             the
             12th
             Month
             ,
             1692.
             
             And
             ordered
             to
             go
             forth
             in
             the
             Name
             and
             by
             the
             Appointment
             of
             the
             said
             Meeting
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
           Postscript
           .
        
         
           IT
           is
           well
           known
           that
           the
           despised
           People
           of
           God
           ,
           called
           
             Quakers
             ,
          
           have
           been
           great
           Sufferers
           for
           their
           Testimony
           against
           
             Swearing
          
           in
           any
           case
           ,
           some
           by
           long
           and
           close
           Imprisonments
           ,
           and
           others
           by
           incurring
           the
           Sentence
           of
           Praemunire
           ,
           to
           the
           loosing
           their
           Estates
           ,
           and
           remaining
           Prisoners
           during
           Life
           ,
           and
           others
           have
           sustained
           great
           losses
           and
           damages
           for
           want
           of
           taking
           of
           Oathes
           in
           Courts
           of
           Judicature
           ,
           
             &c.
          
           whereby
           they
           could
           not
           clear
           the
           Titles
           of
           their
           Lands
           ,
           nor
           prove
           their
           Debts
           ,
           and
           thereby
           have
           lost
           them
           ;
           and
           many
           Books
           have
           been
           writ
           and
           published
           by
           the
           said
           People
           against
           Swearing
           in
           any
           case
           ,
           particularly
           that
           called
           ,
           
             A
             Treatise
             of
             Oathes
             ,
             containing
             several
             weighty
             Reasons
             why
             the
             People
             called
          
           Quakers
           
             refuse
             to
             Swear
             ,
             and
             those
             confirmed
             by
             numerous
             Testimonies
             out
             of
          
           Gentiles
           ,
           Jews
           
             and
          
           
           Christians
           ,
           
             both
             Fathers
             ,
             Doctors
             and
             Martyrs
             .
             Presented
             to
             the
             King
             and
             Parliament
             in
             the
             Year
          
           1675.
           and
           subscribed
           on
           the
           behalf
           of
           the
           rest
           of
           our
           Friends
           ,
           by
           
             George
             Whitehead
             ,
          
           and
           twelve
           more
           .
           Now
           we
           being
           ,
           and
           desiring
           to
           remain
           in
           Unity
           with
           our
           faithful
           Friends
           ,
           and
           with
           their
           living
           &
           faithful
           Christian
           Testimony
           against
           Swearing
           in
           any
           case
           ,
           do
           hold
           ourselves
           obliged
           to
           maintain
           and
           stand
           up
           for
           the
           said
           Testimony
           ,
           according
           to
           
             Mat.
          
           5.54
           .
           
             But
             I
             say
             unto
             you
             ,
             Swear
             not
             at
             all
             .
          
           and
           
             James
          
           5.22
           .
           
             Above
             all
             things
             ,
             my
             Brethren
             ,
             Swear
             not
             .
          
           Therefore
           we
           declare
           unto
           all
           People
           ,
           that
           we
           cannot
           for
           Conscience
           fake
           take
           an
           Oath
           ,
           or
           tender
           it
           to
           any
           other
           ,
           neither
           in
           the
           form
           as
           used
           in
           
             England
             ,
          
           by
           kissing
           the
           Bible
           ,
           nor
           are
           we
           free
           in
           our
           Conscience
           to
           take
           that
           manner
           of
           Attestation
           as
           used
           here
           in
           
             Pennsilvania
             ,
          
           when
           administred
           in
           their
           Courts
           ,
           
             &c.
          
           viz.
           
             Thou
             shalt
             solemnly
             declare
             in
             the
             Presence
             of
             God
             and
             this
             Court
             ,
             &c.
          
           because
           to
           say
           ,
           
             I
             do
             solemnly
             declare
             in
             the
             Presence
             of
             God
             ,
          
           is
           a
           calling
           upon
           God
           to
           be
           Witness
           to
           the
           truth
           of
           the
           Testimony
           given
           ,
           which
           we
           look
           upon
           to
           be
           no
           less
           than
           a
           presumptuous
           Tempting
           of
           God
           to
           summon
           him
           as
           a
           Witness
           ,
           not
           only
           to
           our
           Terrene
           ,
           but
           Trivial
           Businesses
           ,
           as
           W.P.
           &c.
           hath
           expresly
           said
           in
           that
           before-cited
           Treatise
           ,
           pag.
           17.
           with
           which
           we
           do
           cordially
           agree
           .
           But
           to
           the
           grief
           of
           our
           Souls
           we
           may
           say
           ,
           such
           Darkness
           ,
           Ignorance
           and
           Apostacy
           possesseth
           the
           hearts
           of
           many
           of
           those
           called
           
             Quakers
          
           here
           in
           
             Pennsilvania
             ,
          
           that
           they
           are
           frequently
           found
           in
           the
           aforesaid
           Practices
           ,
           and
           do
           frequently
           use
           Arguments
           in
           the
           defence
           thereof
           ;
           therefore
           we
           can
           do
           no
           less
           than
           to
           give
           forth
           this
           our
           Christian
           Testimony
           against
           
             Swearing
             and
             Fighting
          
           in
           any
           case
           ,
           as
           above
           ,
           hoping
           the
           Lord
           will
           be
           with
           us
           ,
           and
           preserve
           us
           ,
           and
           enable
           us
           to
           stand
           faithful
           in
           the
           aforesaid
           Testimony
           ,
           whatever
           Tryals
           ,
           Sufferings
           ,
           Losses
           and
           Temptations
           may
           attend
           us
           for
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           
             Thomas
             Budd
             .
             John
             Hart.
             
          
        
         
           THE
           END
           .