the souldiers sad complaint. per i.h. i. h. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing h thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) the souldiers sad complaint. per i.h. i. h. sheet ([ ] p.) s.n., [london : ] imprint from wing. verse - "is this the upshot then? we that have spent" ... annotation on thomason copy: "july. th". reproduction of the original in the british library. eng england and wales. -- parliament -- poetry -- early works to . soldiers -- england -- poetry -- early works to . great britain -- politics and government -- - -- poetry -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no the souldiers sad complaint. i. h. a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images - emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread - emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion the souldiers sad complaint . is this the upshot then ? we that have spent our best of fortunes for a parliament ? we that have sweat in bloud , march't o're the land , and where our feet did tread , our swords command ? we that like burning comets did appeare , striking astonishment with pallid feare , upon the daring aspect of our foes , forcing even death , under our dreadfull blowes to flagg his fatall standard ? we that have been ( as of banquets ) greedy of a grave ? when through the rivlets of our purple gore flow'd streames of victory unto the doore of our high palmed state , made gods : no lesse ; and only happy through our wretchednesse . when in our calmed postures we draw neare creeping addresses to that lofty sphear in naked bodies , broken leggs , and armes , in carved limbs , which were ere while as charmes to quiet death , and make the furies husht , that we should suffer ? that we should be crusht with those iron hands ( though guilded with our bloud , not seeking others , but their owne selfe-good ) we have upheld ? when we make humble plea with empty entrailes , for our deare earn'd pay , ( whilest your enlarded guts , and brawny sides swine it with epicurus , stretch your hydes with glorry morsells ) are we kickt away , as if each wight had turn'd apostata ? is this true vallors pay ? coyn'd out of ayre and envy ? tyranny ? that doth out-dare the very front of hell . what , souldiers ? and thus slighted ? the best of actions are the worst requited . 't is thought , and fear'd , your eyes that pitty want , ere long will turne the world all adamant : and every object by reflection , be turned into , what you are , a stone ; should but your curious , wanton pallats share as formerly our fortunes , now our fare , ( who once lay lugging at that ladyes papp as full of plenty then , as now , mishap ) a two daies sad experience , would condemne your great ingratitude ; make you contemne your cruelties ; and bring home to your gate as much of love , as hitherto of hate . who gave your senat being ? the lawes their breath ? was 't not our bloud ? our hazzarding of death ? and will you counsell murther ? sit to slay even those by whom you sit , or whom , you stay ? from your full stores , then reach unto poore soules , of what 's their due : necessity controules the sharpest lawes . oh heare their groanes and cryes who haplesse lives , and as yet hopelesse dyes . per i. h. finis . the copie of a letter, written to the general from lieut. col. iohn lilburn, m. richard overton, april . . in behalf of m. robert lockwer, m. geo. ash, m. joseph hockley, m. robert osburn, m. matthew heyworth, m. thomas goodwin; all of them in captain savages troup: who by the said councel were adjudged to cast lots for their lives, and one of them to dy. in which it is by law fully proved, that it is both treason and murder, for any general or councel of war to execute any souldier in time of peace, by martial law. lilburne, john, ?- . this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing l thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) the copie of a letter, written to the general from lieut. col. iohn lilburn, m. richard overton, april . . in behalf of m. robert lockwer, m. geo. ash, m. joseph hockley, m. robert osburn, m. matthew heyworth, m. thomas goodwin; all of them in captain savages troup: who by the said councel were adjudged to cast lots for their lives, and one of them to dy. in which it is by law fully proved, that it is both treason and murder, for any general or councel of war to execute any souldier in time of peace, by martial law. lilburne, john, ?- . overton, richard, fl. . fairfax, thomas fairfax, baron, - . sheet ([ ] p.) s.n., [london : ] dated at end: from our causeless, and unjust, and tyrannical captivity in the tower of london. april . . signed: john lilburn, richard overton. the general = thomas fairfax, baron fairfax. imprint from wing. reproduction of the original in the british library. eng soldiers -- death -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no the copie of a letter, written to the general from lieut. col. iohn lilburn, m. richard overton, april . . in behalf of m. robert lock lilburne, john a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - elspeth healey sampled and proofread - elspeth healey text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion the copie of a letter , written to the general from lieut. col. iohn lilburn , m. richard overton , april . . in behalf of m. robert lockwer , m. geo. ash , m. joseph hockley , m. robert osburn , m. matthew heyworth , m. thomas goodwin ; all of them in captain savages troup : who by the said councel were adjudged to cast lots for their lives , and one of them to dy . in which it is by law fully proved , that it is both treason and murder , for any general or councel of war to execute any souldier in time of peace , by martial law . may it please your excellency , wee have not yet forgot your solemn engagement of june . . whereby the armies continuance as an army was in no wise by the will of the state , but by their own mutual agreement : and if their standing were removed from one foundation to another ( as is undeniable ) then with the same they removed from one authority to another ; and the ligaments and bounds of the first were all dissolved , and gave place to the second ; and under , and from the head of their first station , viz. by the will of the state , the army derived their government by martial law ; which in iudgment and reason could be no longer binding then the authority ( which gave being thereto ) was binding to the army : for the denial of the authority , is an abrogation and nulment of all acts , orders , or ordinances by that authority as to them : and upon this account , your excellency with the army , long proceeded upon the constitution of a new councel and government , contrary to all martial law and discipline , by whom only the army engaged to be ordered in their prosecution of the ends , to wit , their several rights , both as souldiers and commoners , for which they associated ; declaring , agreeing , and promising each other , not to disband , divide , or suffer themselves to be disbanded or divided , without satisfaction and security in relation to their grievances and desires in behalf of themselves and the common-wealth as should be agreed unto by their councel of agitators : and by vertue , and under colour of this establishment , all the extraordinary actions by your excellency , your officers , and the army have past : your refusal to disband , dispurings the orders of parliament ; impeachment and ejection of eleven members ; your first and second march up to london ; your late violent exclusion of the major part of members out of the house , and their imprisonment without cause , &c. which can no way be justified from the guilt of the highest treason , but in the accomplishment of a righteous end , viz. the enjoyment of the benefit of our laws and liberties which we hoped long ere this to have enjoyed from your hands ; yet when we consider and herewith compare many of your late carriages both towards the souldiery and other free people ; and principally your cruel exercise of martial law , even to the sentence and execution of death upon such of your souldiers as stand for the rights of that engagement , &c. and not only so , but against others not of the army ; we cannot but look upon your defection and apostasie in such dealings , as of most dangerous consequence to all the laws and freedoms of the people . and therefore , although there had never bin any such solemn engagement by the army , as that of june . . which with your excellency in point of duty ought not to be of the meanest obligation . we do protest against your exercise of martial law , against any whomsoever , in times of peace , where all courts of iustice are open , as the greatest encroachment upon our laws and liberties that can be acted against us ; and particularly , against the tryal of the souldiers of captain savages troup yesterday , by a court martial , upon the articles of war , and sentencing of two of them to death ; and for no other end ( as we understand ) but for some dispute about their pay : and the reason of this our protestation , is from the petition of right , made in the third yeer of the late king , which declareth , that no person ought to be judged by law martial , except in times of war ; and that all commissions given to execute martial law in time of peace , are contrary to the laws and statutes of the land . and it was the parliaments complaint , that martial law was then commanded to be executed upon souldiers for robbery , mutiny , or murder . which petition of right , this present parliament in their late declarations of the . of feb. and the . of march , . commend as the most excellentest law in england ; and there promise to preserve inviolably , it , and all other the fundamental laws and liberties , concerning the preservation of the lives , properties , and liberties of the people , with all things incident thereunto . and the exercise of martial law in ireland , in time of peace , was one of the chiefest articles for which the earl of strafford lost his head ; the same by this present parliament being judged high treason . and the parliament it self , neither by act nor ordinance , can justly or warrantably destroy the fundamental liberties and principles of the common law of england : it being a maxime in law and reason both , that all such acts and ordinances , are ipso facto , null , and void in law , and binds not at all , but ought to be resisted , and stood against to the death . and if the supreme authority may not presume to do this , much less may you , or your officers presume thereupon ; for where remedy may be had by an ordinary course in law , the party grieved shall never have his recourse to extraordinaries . whence it is evident , that it is the undoubted right of every englishman ( souldier or other ) that he should be punishable onely in the ordinary courts of iustice , according to the laws and statutes of the realm in the times of peace , as now it is ; and the extraordinary way by courts martial , in no wise to be used . yea , the parliaments oracle , sir edward cook , declares in the third part of his institutes , chap. of murder , that for a general or other officers of an army , in time of peace to put any man , although a souldier , to death , by colour of martial law , it is absolute murder in that general , &c. therefore erecting of martial law now , when all courts of iustice are open , and stopping the free current of law , which sufficiently provides for the punishment of souldiers as well as others , as appears by . h. . chap. . and , & . ed. . chap. . , & . p. & m. chap. . & . el. . & . jam. . is an absolute destroying of our fundamental liberties , and the razing of the foundation of the common law of england ; the which out of duty and conscience to the rights and freedoms of this nation ( which we value above our lives ) and to leave you and your councel without all excuse , we were moved to represent unto your excellency , earnestly pressing , you well to consider what you do , before you proceed to the taking away the lives of those men by martial law ; lest the bloud of the innocent ( and so palpable subversion of the laws and liberties of england ) bring the reward of just vengeance after it upon you , as it did upon the earl of strafford : for innocent bloud god will not pardon ; and what the people may do ( in case of such violent subversion of their rights ) we shall leave to your excellency to judge , and remain from our causeless , and unjust , and tyrannical captivity in the tower of london , april . . your excellencies humble servants , john lilburn , richard overton . by the king. a proclamation, commanding all cashiered officers and soldiers, and other persons that cannot give a good account for their being here, to depart out of the cities of london and westminster. england and wales. sovereign ( - : charles ii) this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing c thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) by the king. a proclamation, commanding all cashiered officers and soldiers, and other persons that cannot give a good account for their being here, to depart out of the cities of london and westminster. england and wales. sovereign ( - : charles ii) charles ii, king of england, - . sheet ([ ] p.) printed by john bill, printer to the king's most excellent majesty . at the kings printing-house in black-friers, london : [ ] dated at end: given at the court at whitehall, this th day of december, in the twelfth year of his majesties reign, . annotation on thomason copy: "'ber [i.e. december] ". reproduction of the original in the british library. eng england and wales. -- army -- expulsion -- early works to . soldiers -- england -- early works to . exile (punishment) -- england -- london -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no by the king. a proclamation, commanding all cashiered officers and soldiers, and other persons that cannot give a good account for their bei england and wales. sovereign a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images - mona logarbo sampled and proofread - mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion c r diev et mon droit honi soit qvi mal y pense royal blazon or coat of arms by the king . a proclamation , commanding all cashiered officers and soldiers , and other persons that cannot give a good account for their being here , to depart our of the cities of london and westminster . charles r. his majesty having a very tender care for the preservation of the peace of this his kingdom ( the sweetness whereof his subjects have begun to taste , after the long miseries of the late troubles ) and being solicitous to prevent all occasions that may give the least vmbrage of the disturbance thereof , and having information that divers of the formerly casheired officers and soldiers , and other dissolute and disaffected persons do daily resort to this city and suburbs thereof , and great numbers of them do at this time remain therein : his majesty doth therefore strictly charge and command all such officers and soldiers , and dissolute disaffected persons , that cannot give so good account of their being here , as shall be approved by some of his majesties privy councel , or the committee appointed for disbanding the army , within two days after publication of this his proclamation , to depart the cities of london and westminster , and suburbs thereof , and to retire and remove themselves at twenty miles distance from the said cities , and there to remain , and not to return to the said cities without leave first obtained , and this to do without fail , upon pain of imprisonment , and his majesties high displeasure . given at the court at whitehall , this th day of december , in the twelfth year of his majesties reign , . god save the king . london printed by john bill , printer to the king' 's most excellent majesty , . at the king's printing-house in black-friers . whereas it hath pleased the parliament in and by their act bearing date the th of august ... england and wales. lord protector ( - : o. cromwell) this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a thomason .f. [ ] estc r ocm this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) whereas it hath pleased the parliament in and by their act bearing date the th of august ... england and wales. lord protector ( - : o. cromwell) cromwell, oliver, - . sheet ([ ] p.) s.n., [s.l. : ] title from first lines of text. dated and signed at end: given under my hand and seale the eight day of novemb. . o: cromwell. "a proclamation by oliver cromwell ordering all under his command 'speedily to suppress all tumults against the commissioners of excise.'"--thomason catalogue. annotation on thomason copy: "nouemb. ". reproduction of the original in the british library. eng england and wales. -- commissioners of excise -- crimes against -- early works to . soldiers -- england -- early works to . great britain -- history -- commonwealth and protectorate, - -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no whereas it hath pleased the parliament in and by their act bearing date the th of august . concerning the excise, to appoint the gener england and wales. lord protector a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images - john pas sampled and proofread - john pas text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion whereas it hath pleased the parliament in and by their act bearing date the th of august . concerning the excise , to appoint the generall of their forces for the time being , to order and enjoyne all collonels , captaines , officers & souldiers under his command , upon application made to them , or any of them , speedily to suppresse all tumults , ryots , and unlawfull assemblies which shall be attempted or acted , in opposition against the commissioners of excise , their sub-commissioners , collectors , or officers , in execution of the ordinances and acts of parliament for the excise ; and to apprehend all such ryotous and tumultuous persons , that they may be proceeded against according to law . and whereas it is in the said act further declared , that no commander , officer , or souldier , shall seize upon , forceably take , or detayne any the receipts of the excise , or protect any person from payment thereof , or encourage any person not to pay the same . and that if any commanders , officers , or souldiers , shall notwithstanding seize upon , forceably take , or detayne any the receipts of the excise , protect any person from paying thereof , or encourage any person not to pay the same , upon due proofe made thereof , shall be ( ipso facto ) cashiered , and all his arrears forfeited to the common-wealth ; and suffer such other punishment as shall by the said generall or councell of warre , be adjudged fitting . in pursuance whereof i doe hereby require all collonels , captains , officers , and souldiers under my command , upon application from time to time of the said commissioners of the excise , their sub-commissioners , collectors , or officers , unto them , or any of them , to be aiding and assisting , as well in preventing of such tumults and ryots , as in the suppressing thereof . and doe also hereby declare , that if any collonels , officers , or souldiers shall seize upon , forceably take , or detayne any the receipts of the excise , or shall protect any person from paying thereof , or encourage any person not to pay the same , shall be proceeded against , and suffer according as in the said act is expressed . given under my hand and seale the eight day of novemb. . o : cromwell . a proclamation by his excellencie the lord generall, concerning free-quarter. fairfax, thomas fairfax, baron, - . this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing f thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) a proclamation by his excellencie the lord generall, concerning free-quarter. fairfax, thomas fairfax, baron, - . sheet ([ ] p.) printed for john playford, and are to be sold at his shop in the inner temple, london : . by virtue of counterfeit passes certain persons take free quarter. soldiers are to take free quarters through a commission officer, who shall show his commission and give his name. offenders to be imprisoned and tried by court martial -- cf. steele. dated at end: given under my hand and seal in queens-street the . day of february, . annotation on thomason copy: " "; in imprint date crossed though. reproduction of the original in the british library. eng soldiers -- billeting -- early works to . great britain -- history -- commonwealth and protectorate, - -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no a proclamation by his excellencie the lord generall, concerning free-quarter. fairfax, thomas fairfax, baron a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images - emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread - emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion a proclamation by his excellencie the lord generall , concerning free-quarter . whereas information is given , that severall persons , not souldiers , do pretend themselves to be souldiers , and produce counterfeit passes and tickets for quarter , and take free-quarter where ever they come , to the great injury of the nation , and dishonour of the army , ( it being the desire and indeavour of the army , that free-quarter be speedily taken off in all places ; ) for remedy whereof , all souldiers are hereby required not to march from their colours , and take free-quarter without a commission-officer , and the commission-officer is not to require free-quarter upon any ticket or pretence whatsoever , untill he have first shewed his commission for his place as an officer in the army , and given his name and the names of his souldiers under his conduct : and if any shall contrary hereunto offend , the civil officers are desired to secure their persons , till such course be taken , as to the merit of their offences shall be thought fit by a court-martiall . given under my hand and seal in queens-street the . day of february , . t. fairfax . imprimatur . hen. whalley , advocate . feb. . . london : printed for john playford , and are to be sold at his shop in the inner temple , . die jovis, januarii. . additionall directions of the lords and commons assembled in parliament for the billeting of the army, when they are upon a march, or setled in their quarters. england and wales. parliament. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing e thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) die jovis, januarii. . additionall directions of the lords and commons assembled in parliament for the billeting of the army, when they are upon a march, or setled in their quarters. england and wales. parliament. sheet ([ ] p.) printed for john wright at the kings head in the old bayley, london : [i.e. ] order to print signed: joh. brown cler. parliamentorum. variant; turned "m" in 'parliament' in title (steele i, ). reproduction of the original in the british library. eng soldiers -- billeting -- early works to . great britain -- militia -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- early works to . great britain -- politics and government -- - -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no die jovis, januarii. . additionall directions of the lords and commons assembled in parliament, for the billeting of the army, when th england and wales. parliament. a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread - emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion die jovis , januarii . . additionall directions of the lords and commons assembled in parliament , for the billeting of the army , when they are upon a march , or setled in their quarters . that when soever any forces shall be by vertue of an order from the generall , or from such as he shall appoint , upon a march or removing quarters , they shall at the townes or parishes where they shall be ordered to quarter , be billetted in the usuall way by the quarter-master or superiour officers , according to the directions of the constables or chiefe civill officers of the said townes or parishes ; and the respective inhabitants where any of the said souldiers shall be so billetted shall receive them , and for one night , or two nights at the most , shall finde them their ordinary family diet , wherewith the souldier shall be contented , and pay for the same at the rate of six pence per diem for a foot souldier , and twelve pence per diem for a trooper , and hay onely for his horse . that for the first fortnight after the forces shall be drawne into garrisons , towns and cities , ( according to the directions of parliament ) and untill they shall be furnished with pay to enable them to maintaine themselves , they shall in the same manner be quartered , received and provided for , and at the same rates aforesaid , by such inhabitants upon whom they shall be billetted by the magistrate of the place , or by their owne officers , in case the civill magistrate shall refuse to do it ; the officers ingaging to the inhabitants to see the quarters discharged at the said rates . that after the said fortnight is expired , or after the forces shal be furnished with pay as aforesaid , in any garrisons , townes , or cities , where any forces shall come by order , as aforesaid , to be at a setled quarter , so many of them as cannot be conveniently disposed of to innes ; ale-houses , tavernes , or victualling-houses , shall be billetted at other houses by the chiefe magistrate of the place , or ( if he shall refuse to do it ) by the chiefe officer present with the said forces ; and in case of any abuse or inequality therein , the said magistrate , or next justice of peace , to have power to order and alter the proportions of billetting to the severall inhabitants , as he shall finde most fit and equall : and the persons where they shall be so billetted , shall receive them accordingly ; but shall not after the two first nights from the souldiers coming thither ( for which the souldier is to pay at the rates aforesaid ) be lyable to finde the souldier any dyet or horse-meat ( except by agreement betwixt him and the souldier , and at such rates as they shall agree upon ) but shall only entertaine the souldier with lodging , stable roome , and the use of their ordinary fire and candle-light . and in case any such inhabitants be agrieved therewith , and desire to have no souldiers at all in his house ( he or the magistrate providing such billet for the souldier elsewhere within the towne ) or at any village adjacent ( within such distance as the chiefe officer commanding in the quarter shall allow of ) such inhabitant shall have his house wholly free . die jovis , january . . ordered by the lords assembled in parliament , that these additionall directions be forthwith printed and published . joh. brown cler. parliamentorum . london printed for john wright at the kings head in the old bayley . . five orders and ordinance of parliament, for payment of souldiers england and wales. parliament. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing e thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) five orders and ordinance of parliament, for payment of souldiers england and wales. parliament. sheet ([ ] p.) printed for edward husband, printer to the honourable house of commons, london : . the treasurers of christs-church are to pay on saturday next to the officers nominated in the four lists one month's pay for their present relief. they are to pay to any officer now in town on june, one month's pay of arrears, and when their accounts are made up two month's pay. -- cf. steele. order to print signed: hen. elsynge, cler. parl. dom. com. annotation on thomason copy: "june ". reproductions of the originals in the british library (thomason tracts) and the goldsmiths'-kress library of economic literature. eng soldiers -- england -- pay, allowances, etc. -- early works to . great britain -- militia -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no five orders and ordinance of parliament, for payment of souldiers: england and wales. parliament. d the rate of defects per , words puts this text in the d category of texts with between and defects per , words. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - mona logarbo sampled and proofread - mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion five orders and ordinance of parliament , for payment of souldiers . viz. for fuch souldiers as conforme to the votes of both houses sent downe to the army , shall receive the benefit of those votes . . for one moneths pay to certaine officers in the foure lists . . for one moneths pay to certaine officers whose accompts are not stated . . for six weekes pay to those officers whose accompts are stated . . for appointing of severall persons treasurers for receiving and paying of monies to the souldiers , at weavers-hall in london . die veneris iunii . ordered by the lords and commons in parliament assembled , that all such officers or souldiers of the army , as shall come off and conform to the votes sent down to the army , shall receive the benefit and advantage of those votes . hen , elsynge cler. parl. dom. com. iunii . ordered by the lords and commons assembled in parliament , that the treasurers at christs-church do pay upon saturday next , unto the officers nominated in the foure lists or to their executors or assignes , reported to this house about november last past , one moneths pay according to the establishment of the army under the command of sir thomas fairfax for their present relief , untill such summes of money otherwise ordered towards their satisfaction may be received . hen ▪ elsynge cler. parl. dom , com. junii , ordered by the lords and commons assembled in parliament that the treasurers at christ-church do upon the sixteenth of this instant iune pay unto those officers in commission that are now attending in this town whose accompts are not yet stated ( upon producing sufficient certificates under the hands of their respective commanders in chief , which shall containe the time of their actuall service for the parliament and qualities ) one moneths pay of their arrears according to the establishment of the army , under the command of sir thomas fairfax and upon the determination of their accounts according to the ordinance and instructions of the of may last , moneths pay more with the same security for the remainder as is voted and ordered to the officers of the said army , provid●d ●hat this extend not to the officers of the trained bands or auxiliary regiments of this city , or to the other officers for whom other provisions hath been lately made by any order of both , or either of the houses of parliament , or to any other officer whose name is not already listed , or shall not be listed before the said sixteenth of this instant in the list lately brought into this house by collonell sands , collonell devoreux , and others , and to be by them compleated , hen. elsynge cler. parl. dom. com. june the . . ordered by the lords and commons assembled in parliament that the treasurers at christ church do upon thursday next pay unto the officers a commission ( who have attended in this towne and have their accompts stated by the authority of parliament though not according to the instructions lately published , and have received no money thereupon ) six weeks pay , according to the establishment of the army , under the command of sir thomas fairfax , and indorse the summe so paid upon every such account , provided that this extend not to the officers who are already otherwise provided for , by order of both , or either houses of parliament . and it is further ordered and declared that such officers whose accounts are stated by authority of parliament , and not already satisfied , and shall not be willing to stay to have them determined according to the instructions aforesaid , may hereafter present lists of such acounts by the committee of the military garden to this house to the intent they may receive the same proportion and securities given to others upon such accompts . hen. elsynge cler. parl. d. com. whereas , by a former ordinance bearing date the sixteenth of this instant june , . it is ordained , that the summe of l. to make the l. formerly charged upon weavers hall l. be paid by alderman bunch and the rest of the treasurers at weavers hall , and to mr. pococke , mr. greenhill , and the rest of the treasurers at christ-church to be issued as by the said ordinance is appointed . and whereas divers of the treasurers aforesaid are not in towne which hinders the execution of the service : it is therefore ordained by the lords and commons , that mr. blackwell and mr. ashurst citizens of london , shall be and are hereby added to be treasurers for the receiving and issuing the money aforesaid together with mr. greenhill and mr. pococke , and that the acquittances of them , or any two of them shall be susficient discharge unto the said alderman bunch , and the rest of the treasurers , at weavers hall . and it is further ordained , that the said treasurers shall have the allowance of one penny in the pound for performance of the said service , and for satisfying of the officers , and such as they shall appoint under them in such manner as they shall thinke fit . and whereas by another ordinance of the same date , divers field-officers and auditors are nominated and appointed to renew and examine the severall accompts and certificates of the officers which are to receive any money from the said treasurers . it is further ordered and ordained that any three field-officers with any one of the auditors nominated in the ordinance aforesaid , signing such certificates , tickets , or accompts , it shall be a sufficient warrant and discharge unto the said mr. pocock and the rest of the treasurers by this and the former ordinance appointed , for the issuing out and paying the money aforesaid unto the officers , according unto the severall ordinances already passed in that behalf . and whereas mr. pocock , mr. greenhill and others , have formerly been appointed treasurers by an ordinance of the date aforesaid ▪ for the receiving and issuing out of ten thousand pounds to the private souldiery . forasmuch , and in regard of other employments , they cann●t conveniently attend that service , it is therefore ordained , that collonel gower anthony bickerstaffe mr. iames story , mr. maximilian beard , citizens of london ▪ shall bee , and are hereby nominated and appointed treasurers for the receiving , issuing and paying the ten thousand pounds aforesaid . and that they or any two of their acquittances shall be a sufficient discharge unto mr. alderman bunch , and the rest of the treasurers at weavers hall . and it is further ordained , that the said collonel gower and the rest of the treasurers hereby appointed , shall bee allowed one penny in the pound for themselves , and their officers employed in this service in such manner as they shall think fit . ordered by the commons assembled in parliament , that these orders and ordinance be forthwith printed and published . hen. elsynge , cler. parl. dom. com. london , printed for edward husband , printer to the honourable house of commons , . die martis, april. . ordered by the commons assembled in parliament, that mr. greenhil and mr. pocock, treasurers of chirst church, do out of the nine thousand and one hundred pounds reserved out of the moneys at goldsmiths-hall for indigent persons,... england and wales. parliament. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing e a thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) die martis, april. . ordered by the commons assembled in parliament, that mr. greenhil and mr. pocock, treasurers of chirst church, do out of the nine thousand and one hundred pounds reserved out of the moneys at goldsmiths-hall for indigent persons,... england and wales. parliament. sheet ([ ] p.) printed for edward husband, printer to the honourable house of commons, london : april . . title from heading and first lines of text. order and order to print signed: h: elsynge, cler. parl. d. com. reproduction of the original in the british library. eng soldiers -- great britain -- pay, allowances, etc. -- early works to . great britain -- politics and government -- - -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no die martis, april. . ordered by the commons assembled in parliament, that mr. greenhil and mr. pocock, treasurers of christs-church, d england and wales. parliament. a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - mona logarbo sampled and proofread - mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion die martis , april . . ordered by the commons assembled in parliament , that mr. greenhil and mr. pocock , treasurers of christs-church , do out of the nine thousand one hundred pounds reserved out of the moneys at goldsmiths-hall for indigent persons , pay proportionably ( as the moneys will hold out ) the officers and soldiers whose names are contained in the list presented to this house by auditor wilcox ; taking especial care , and endeavoring all means , that no moneys be paid to those that shall appear to have been engaged against the parliament about iuly or august last . and mr. potter clerk to the committee of the military garden , is appointed to be present at the time of payment with mr. greenhil and mr. pocock , with his books of the five qualifications , and the former list by which they have received any former moneys , whereby none of them may be twice paid , nor any paid that are not comprehended within the five qualifications . ordered by the commons assembled in parliament , that the several persons that do clamor at the doors of the house , demanding any arrears from the parliament , do repair to the knights and burgesses of the several and respective counties and towns , upon whose entertainments they , their husbands or fathers were employed in the service of the parliament , or any two of them ; the which knights and burgesses , or any two of them respectively , are hereby authorized and required , to examine the justness of their demands , and as they shall see cause , to certifie the state of it to the house , to the end the house may take such course for their relief and satisfaction in the several counties and places where they served , as may be just and honorable to the parliament . h : elsynge , cler. parl. d. com. ordered by the commons assembled in parliament , that these orders be forthwith printed and published . h : elsynge , cler. parl. d. com. london , printed for edward husband , printer to the honorable house of commons . april . . by the council of state. a proclamation. the council of state being intrusted, in this interval of parliament, with preservation of the publick peace; and being well informed, that some persons, from mistaken apprehensions of the temper of the army, ... england and wales. council of state. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing e a thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) by the council of state. a proclamation. the council of state being intrusted, in this interval of parliament, with preservation of the publick peace; and being well informed, that some persons, from mistaken apprehensions of the temper of the army, ... england and wales. council of state. sheet ([ ] p.) printed by abel roper, and tho: collins, printers to the council of state, [london] : [ ] title from caption and opening lines of text. date and place of publication from wing. dated at end: saturday march . . at the council of state at vvhitehal. "a proclamation ordering the arrest of such persons as 'do attempt the debauching and alienating the affections of some in the army'" -- cf. thomason catalogue. annotation on thomason copy: "march . ". reproduction of the original in the british library. eng england and wales. -- army -- early works to . soldiers -- england -- early works to . sedition -- england -- early works to . great britain -- history -- commonwealth and protectorate, - -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no by the council of state. a proclamation. the council of state being intrusted, in this interval of parliament, with preservation of the publ england and wales. council of state. c the rate of defects per , words puts this text in the c category of texts with between and defects per , words. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - mona logarbo sampled and proofread - mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion by the council of state . a proclamation . the council of state being intrusted , in this interval of parliament , with preservation of the publick peace ; and being well informed , that some persons , from mistaken apprehensions of the temper of the army , do secretly attempt the debauching ▪ and alienating the affections of some in the army , from that obedience and duty which they owe , and ( as upon good grounds is hoped , and believed ) bear to the present authority , established by parliament , and to their superior officers in the army ; have therefore thought fit , hereby to declare , and make known , their great dislike of such proceedings , as tending , and ayming at the disturbance of the peace of this commonwealth , and engaging it into new distractions and blood ( now that such a door of hope is opened of deliverance and settlement . ) and do hereby charge and require , all and every person and persons , of what sort or degree soever , whether belonging to any the armies of this commonwealth , or others , to forbear , at their uttermost perils , all applications , of what kinde soever , to any the officers or soldiers of the armies of this commonwealth , by way of agitating , or otherwise , with design or endeavor , by word or act , to beget dissatisfactions in any such officer or soldier , towards the present government ; or to withdraw them from their obedience to their superiors ; or to make combinations or factions in the army , to the disturbance thereof , or endangering the peace of the nation . and the council do hereby impower , and require all officers , both military and civil , and all soldiers , and others , upon certain information given them of any person or persons , contriving , advising , or prosecuting any design , or endeavor to the purposes aforesaid , forthwith to seize and secure every such person and persons , and him , and them , to bring or send in custody to the council of state , to answer the same : and albeit , the council have reason to hope , that every person concerned in the safety and publick interest of the nation , will be thereby sufficiently obliged to discover and bring to condign punishment all offenders in this kinde ; yet for the better encouragement of all whom this may concern , to be faithful to that duty which they owe to their countries peace , the council doth hereby declare and promise , that for every person , who upon due proof to be made , shall appear to have acted under the name of an agitator , or otherwise , for the mischievous ends and purposes aforesaid , there shall be allowed , and paid out of the publick treasure of this commonwealth , the sum of ten pounds , to the officer or officers , soldier or soldiers , who shall discover , secure , and bring or send in custody , to the council , any such person as aforesaid . and all officers , military and civil , are required upon request made in that behalf , to be aiding and assisting in the apprehending , securing , and bringing in custody , to the council , all and every person and persons who may be justly charged with the crimes aforesaid . and the chief officers of the respective regiments , troops , and companies of the army , are required forthwith , after it shall come to their hands , to cause this proclamation to be published in the head of their regiments , troops , and companies , to the intent the same may be better taken notice of , and put into the more effectual execution . saturday march . . at the council of state at vvhitehal . ordered , that this proclamation be forthwith printed and published . w. jessop , clerk of the council . printed by abel roper , and tho : collins , printers to the council of state . for our faithfull and ever honored commanders, the right honorable his excellency, sir thomas fairfax, major generall skipton, lieutenant generall cromwell presented to them in the behalfe of eight regiments of horse, by three private soldiers, who were sent from the quarters by the soldery of the forementioned regiments, wherein they manifest to the world their reall affections to this common-wealth, and their forward and brotherly assistance, towards the reliefe of ireland: if not by some diverted. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing s thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) for our faithfull and ever honored commanders, the right honorable his excellency, sir thomas fairfax, major generall skipton, lieutenant generall cromwell presented to them in the behalfe of eight regiments of horse, by three private soldiers, who were sent from the quarters by the soldery of the forementioned regiments, wherein they manifest to the world their reall affections to this common-wealth, and their forward and brotherly assistance, towards the reliefe of ireland: if not by some diverted. sexby, edward, d. . sheet ([ ] p.) s.n., [london : ] at end: these three gentlemen soldiers whose names are hereto subscribed, delivered the letter in be halfe of the whole, edward sexby, will. allen, thomas sheppherd. imprint from wing. annotation on thomason copy: "london about ye th of may ". reproduction of the original in the british library. eng soldiers -- great britain -- early works to . ireland -- history -- - -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no for our faithfull and ever honored commanders, the right honorable his excellency, sir thomas fairfax, major generall skipton, lieutenant ge sexby, edward a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images - emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread - emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion for ovr faithfvll and ever honored commanders , the right honorable his excellency , sir thomas fairfax , major generall skipton , lieutenant generall cromwell , presented to them in the behalfe of eight regiments of horse , by three private soldiers , who were sent from the quarters by the soldery of the forementioned regiments , wherein they manifest to the world their reall affections to this common-wealth , and their forward and brotherly assistance , towards the reliefe of ireland : if not by some diverted . may it please your honours , wee who have ( for these two yeares , past ) been by your honours conducted through many dangers , and by providence have been hitherto protected , who have often seen the devouring sword of a raging enemy drawn forth against us , threatning destruction to us , and now see them vanquisht , and our selves seemingly setled in peace and safety , are yet sensible of a more dangerous storme hanging over our heads , then ever the malice of our open enemies could have contrived or their fury caused to fall upon us , which unlesse diverted , strikes not only at our liberty , but also at our lives . to whom ( next to our maker ) shall we fly for shelter but to your honours , our patrons , and protectors , from what secondary meanes shall we expect our deliverance , but from that hand that hath so often been ingaged with us ? and from that heart that hath as often been so tender over us ; and carefull for our securities . can we suffer and you not sympathise ? can we be proclaimed rebels and your honours remain secure ? ah , dear sirs ! let your wonted care for us be further demonstrated , cease not to speak for us , who together with your selves , and in obedience to your commands , have adventured all that is deare to us , for the kingdomes safety . hath any thing been desired by us that hath not been promised us , or then wee have just cause to expect , if there hath , then let it and the authors thereof perish ? but can the parliament upon mis-information passe us for enemies , and wee not therein perceive the designes of our enemies ? can wee be satisfied with a complement , when our fellow soldiers suffer at every assize , for acts meerly relating to the warre ? is it not our lives wee seek for ? where shall wee be secured , when the meer envy of a malicious person is sufficient to destroy us ? were our enemies in the field with their swords in their hands , wee should expect no more then a bare command , and a divine protection in our endevoures to free our selves but it is another ; and a farre worse enemy that wee have to deal with , who like foxes lurke in their dens ; and cannot be dealt with , though , discovered , being protected by those who are intrusted with the government of the kingdome ; it is the griefe of our hearts , that wee cannot desire our own security , without the hazard of your honours , if but in speaking in our behalfe : when shall we see justice dispenced without partiality , or when shall the weal publike be singly sought after & endeavoured ; can this irish expedition be any thing else , but a design to ruine & break this army in peeces , certainly reason tels us it can be nothing else ; otherwise , why are not those who have bin made instruments in our countries deliverance , again be thought worthy to be employed ? or why are such ( who for their miscariages have been cast out of the army ) thought fit to be intrusted , and those members of the army encouraged and preferr'd to that service , when they are for the most part such , as ( had they considered their just demerrits ) might rather have expected an ejection then imployment : wee are sensible , yea , far more sensible of the bleeding condition of ireland , ( crying aloud for a brotherly assistance ) then those forward undertakers in this present designe manifest themselves to be , and shall willingly contribute the utmost of our abilities towards their reliefe , when wee shall see this to be the only thing sought after , and indevoured ; but wee are confident , that your honours cannot but perceive , that this plot is but a meer cloake , for some who have lately tasted of soveraignity , and being lifted beyond the ordinary spheare of servants , seek to become masters , and degenerate into tyrants : we are earnest therefore with your honours , to use your utmost endevours , that before any other or further propositions be sent to us , our expectations may be satisfied , which if they are not , wee conceive our selves , and our friends , as bad as destroyed , being exposed to the mercilesse cruelties of our malicious enemies , and shall your honour , or any other faithfull servant to the state , be appointed for the service of ireland , and accept of that imployment , we must of necessity ( contrary to our desires ) shew our selves averse to that service , untill our just desires be granted , the just rights and liberties of the subjects of england , vindicated and maintained ; ( and then ) as god and our owne consciences beare us witnesse , shall we testifie to the kingdom the integrity of our hearts to the service of ireland , and our forward actions shall demonstrate the sincerity of our expressions in reference to that imployment , once more we are earnest with your honours for your assistance , without it we are like to be wholly ruind , and having obtaind it , may be inabled , as in duty we are bound to expresse our selves . your honours and the kingdomes most faithfull and obedient servants , whose names are here to annext , as agitating in behalfe of their severall regiments . these three gentlemen soldiers whose names are hereto subscribed , delivered the letter in be halfe of the whole , edward sexby . will. allen . thomas sheppherd . die lunæ . iunii . an additionall ordinance of the lords and commons assembled in the parliament of england for the more full indempnity of the officers and souldiers who have acted by authority, and for the service of the parliament. england and wales. parliament. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing e thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) die lunæ . iunii . an additionall ordinance of the lords and commons assembled in the parliament of england for the more full indempnity of the officers and souldiers who have acted by authority, and for the service of the parliament. england and wales. parliament. sheet ([ ] p.) for john wright at the kings head in the old bayley, printed at london : . ordered to be printed and published june , by joh. browne cler. parliamentorum. reproduction of the original in the british library. eng pardon -- great britain -- early works to . soldiers -- great britain -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- early works to . great britain -- politics and government -- - -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no die lunæ . iunii . an additionall ordinance of the lords and commons assembled in the parliament of england for the more full indempnit england and wales. parliament. a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread - emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion die lunae . iunii . an additionall ordinance of the lords and commons assembled in the parliament of england for the more full indempnity of the officers and souldiers who have acted by authority , and for the service of the parliament . forasmuch as in the times of this late warre and publike distractions , there have been many injuries done to private persons , and other offences committed by divers persons bearing armes in the service of the parliament ; the lords and commons in parliament assembled taking into their consideration , that it is expedient that the injuries and offences aforesaid be pardoned and put in oblivion , rather then by pretence of prosecution against some few persons , a great number of such who have faithfully served the parliament be brought into a continuall vexation for such actions as the exigency of warre hath necessitated them unto , doe therefore ordaine , and be it ordained by the said lords and commons , that all persons who have committed any offences , trespasses , injuries , or other misdemeanours whatsoever , during such time as they have been imployed in arms by , or for the service of the parliament , be , is , and are hereby discharged and pardoned of the same , and of and from all prosecution or damages therefore , either at the sute of the king or the party grieved ; and may , in case he or they be questioned therefore , plead the generall issue , and give this ordinance in evidence , which shall be allowed to all intents and purposes , as if the same were pleaded in barre : and in case any shall prosecute any action or sute contrary to the tenour of this ordinance , against any person hereby discharged , after notice given that such person is hereby discharged , the defendant or defendants so prosecuted , shall recover his and their costs against such prosecutor . provided also , that this ordinance , nor any thing therein contained , shall extend to discharge any such person or persons as aforesaid , from making their true and just accompts to any committee or committees of parliament , appointed or to be appointed for that purpose , of what they have taken , received , or had for the service or benefit of the parliament . die lunae . junii . ordered by the lords assembled in parliament , that this ordinance be forthwith printed and published . joh. brown cler. parliamentorum . printed at london for john wright at the kings head in the old bayley . . a proclamation by his excellency the lord general. fairfax, thomas fairfax, baron, - . this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing f thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) a proclamation by his excellency the lord general. fairfax, thomas fairfax, baron, - . sheet ([ ] p.) printed for john playford, and are to be sold at his shop in the inner temple, london : feb. . . dated and signed at end: given under my hand and seal in queens-street the twelfth day of february, . t. fairfax. to be proclaimed by sound of trumpet in the cities of london and westminster. hen: whalley advocate. divers soldiers have entered houses, exacting money and victuals contrary to a proclamation forbidding it on pain of death. soldiers offending are to be secured by the guard and brought to whitehall. no soldier is to enter houses or seize any person without warrant from a commissioned officer. they must give their name and company if asked -- cf. steele. reproduction of the original in the british library. eng soldiers -- great britain -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- early works to . great britain -- history -- commonwealth and protectorate, - -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no a proclamation by his excellency the lord general. fairfax, thomas fairfax, baron a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images - mona logarbo sampled and proofread - mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion a proclamation by his excellency the lord general . whereas information is given , that divers soldiers of the army have entered into the houses of some merchants , citizens , and other inhabitants , in and about the cities of london and westminster , and there is an uncivil and disorderly manner exacting mony and victuals there , to their great injury , and the scandal of the army , contrary to a proclamation in that case formerly published ; these are therefore to will and require all souldiers of the army under my command , upon pain of death , that they do not enter into the houses of any merchant , citizen , or others , in any forcible manner , or require of any persons any mony , victuals , or other provisions , unless it be in the houses of victualers , or other places where victuals are sold , and in such cases they are to go in a civil and orderly manner , and duly to pay for what they call ; and in case any souldier shall , notwithstanding this proclamation , offend , or otherwise misdemean themselves , i do then hereby require the officers of the next guard , upon complaint made unto them , to apprehend and secure the souldiers so offending , and to bring them to whitehall , together with the witnesses , that the offendors may be delt withal as to justice shall be thought fit . and whereas divers souldiers , and some persons , who go in the name and habit of souldiers , and pretend themselves to be of the army , but are not , do seise upon persons who have been in arms against the parliament , and their goods , without order , ( for the preventing of these and other abuses for the future , ) i do further require all officers and souldiers of the army under my commana , that they do not presume to enter into the houses of any persons whatsoever ( unlesse for provision as aforesaid ) or to seize upon any persons whatsoever , unlesse they go by warrant with a commission officer , and he and they give in their names of what troop or company , and in what regiment they are , that so , if any abuse be offered , upon complaint from the person or persons so injured to the court marshall , all offendors shall be proceeded against according to justice . given under my hand and seal in queens-street the twelfth day of february , . t. fairfax . to be proclaimed by sound of trumpet in the cities of london and westminster . hen : whalley advocate . london , printed for john playford , and are to be sold at his shop in the inner temple , feb. . . to the right honourable the house of lords, now assembled in parliament the humble petition of the inhabitants of lambeth. lambeth (london, england) this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing t thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) to the right honourable the house of lords, now assembled in parliament the humble petition of the inhabitants of lambeth. lambeth (london, england) england and wales. parliament. house of lords. sheet ([ ] p.) printed for j.t., london : . dated at head of text: presented february . . complaining of the conduct of capt. andrewes' company of col. manwayring's regiment, who interrupt the service and have slain certain inhabitants. includes the the lords answer that warrants were issued for the man-slayers, and that capt. andrewes' company should be removed. -- steele. also contains: the answer of the lords to the said petition. tuesday february, . . annotation on thomason copy: "feb. ". reproduction of the original in the british library. eng soldiers -- great britain -- early works to . great britain -- militia -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no to the right honourable the house of lords, now assembled in parliament. the humble petition of the inhabitants of lambeth. lambeth d the rate of defects per , words puts this text in the d category of texts with between and defects per , words. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images - jonathan blaney sampled and proofread - jonathan blaney text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion to the right honovrable the house of lords , now assembled in parliament . the humble petition of the inhabitants of lambeth . presented february . . sheweth , that ever since captaine andrewes company under the command of colonell manwayring , came to lambeth-house , they have carried themselves very insolently , by threatning speeches ; break●ng the church windowes , and terrifying the officers of the church , that they were constrained to ●hut up the church doores , and hindring the minister in the buriall of the dead : and upon the last ●ords day , . or . of them came into the church in an unreverent manner , with their hatts on their heades , and saying to the parrishioners make hast to your porrage , and one edward iones , an inhabitant of the saide towne ( having the lord generalls coullours there about him ) being in the church , one of them asked him , why he stood there to heare that fellow ( meaning the mini●ter ) stand babling there in the whores smocke : thereupon the said iones answered , that by the grace of god , he would stand there ( it being in the time of divine service ) and heare it , and if they did not like it , they may get them forth ; and thereupon they prest upon him with their swords drawne in the church , and said that if he would not help them to fetch him out ( meaning the minister ) they would fetch him and the minister out by the eares : and thereupon iones endeavoured to thrust them out of the church , whereupon they did fetch more company , and fell upon him and wounded him cruelly in the church-yard , and one of them called to his fellowes asking them , why do you stand with your swords , saying that they had better weapons , and thereupon they rann and fetched their muskets , and shot one thomas coe a servant quiet dead ( in the church-yard ) and one of their officers cryed out shoot , shoot whereupon another souldier shot iones quite through the thigh , who is since dead . and they having laded a great peece of ordnance , with scattering shot , and put the mouth of it out of the gate , intending to discharge it at a great multitude of the inhabitants , which would have destroyed men , woman , and children , in great abundance , if it had not beene prevented by the suckler , who staid the gunners hand from giving fire . and doctor laytons wife ( her husband being house keeper ) hearing that one of the inhabitants was killed ; and another hurt , said it was no matter if five hundred more were slaine ; and the night before , doctor laytons man threatned our pastor docter featly , and said publickely that if he came to dispence the word on the morrow ( being the lords day ) he were best to come featly indeed . whereas it is objected that some of the parishioners of lambeth should first abuse the souldiers . it is humbly certified that captaine temple and his troope lying billetted at lambeth , there was a falling out betwixt them and the red-coates , and they called the troopers parliament rogues , and that they did ride about to cheate the country . and this is testified by david hughes , robert dolley , iane game , alice trevitt , dorothie peirce , with others . they therefore humbly pray your honours to take their great sufferings into your serious consideration , and to afford them speedy releife , they being in great and hourely danger of the●r lives , their wives and children ; and that the said company may be forthwith removed and the man-slayers responsable to such legall tryalls , as your honours shall thinke fitt . for which they shall ever pray for your honours happie proceedings . the answer of the lords to the said petition . tuesday february , . . vpon the reading of the said petition the earle of manchester presently returned this answere from the lords , comanding them to enquire the names of the man slayers , and that being done ▪ they granted a warrant for the apprehending of the party that kil'd the man , & to commit him to prison , the chirurgion coming there and certifiing the lords , that the other party wounded was not likely to liue , they granted a second warrant to apprehend him that wounded him , who is now in custody in the messengers hand and to be comitted to the gaole , ( in regard the party wounded is since dead ) and the law to proceed against them . likewise they have granted a warrant for the remooving of captaine andrewes and his company , which was done forthwith , and another to be placed there in his stead , according to the desires of the petitioners . london , printed for j. t. . the noble souldiers advice to his comrades: or, the red-coats resolution. written by a member of the army. member of the army. approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : - (eebo-tcp phase ). b wing n interim tract supplement guide c. .f. [ ] ocm this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. b ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books; tract supplement ; a : [ ]) the noble souldiers advice to his comrades: or, the red-coats resolution. written by a member of the army. member of the army. sheet ([ ] p.). printed for samuel speed, at the sign of the printing-presse in st. pauls church-yard, london, : . verse: "when honest red-coats ..." reproduction of original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p using tcp tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between and available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the , texts created during phase of the project have been released into the public domain as of january . anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. % (or pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf- unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p , characters represented either as utf- unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng soldiers -- england -- poetry -- early works to . great britain -- history -- charles ii, - -- early works to . - tcp assigned for keying and markup - spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images - megan marion sampled and proofread - megan marion text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion the noble souldiers advice to his comrades : or , the red-coats resolution . written by a member of the army . when honest red-coats , leave cutting of throats , and swords in the scabards are put . it then doth appear , reformat'on draws neer , for that 's th' way to come to 't . i have led the van , as a bandelier-man , in battel we 've made the skie burn : w've brought our masters , through many disasters , but now have lest them at tyburn . true news there is sent , from the good parliament , that fighting no more we shall see : such like tidings we hear , with a very good chear , for our army disbanded must be . w've fought like souldiers in blood to the shoulders , in holland , in flanders and spain ; and have likewise in france , marched many a dance ; ●et to england com'd safe back again . there 's many of 's in cold scotland have been , and ireland too many a year ; nay , and some without spleen , jamaicah have seen , but disbanded now must be here . many dangerous times w've ventur'd our limbs , w've marcht both in files and in ranks ; but now glad we must be , if disbanded i see , with pay , and a great many thanks . we have with a thump , confounded the rump , and set the king upon his throne ; we have lived to see , the rump hang'd on a tree , and ev'ry man now get his own . poor souldiers now , must starve , or to plow , vvhat course for to live will you take ? there is many of you , have no homes to go too , pray tell me what shift will you make ? sayes one , i 've in fears been seven long years , in holland , in france , and in spain ; and if now i know not , how to find out a plot , i know the way thither again , ' nother sayes brother , i ne'r could labour , now to the venetians i 'le go , and there make it my work , to fight with the bold turk , there can be no fitter a foe . a third , without strife , he 'l home to his vvife ; a fourth , his good kindred will try , seeing i have no home , abroad i will go rome , for the devil a vvife have i. have i spent my years , in dangers and fears , and shall i go live with a vvife ? before i will do so , to the vvars i will go , and gallantly venture my life the sixth , at a vvord , he 'l mount the shop-board , no more with a musket he 'l meddle ; for he now can afford , to break 's old rusty sword , to make him a bodkin and needle . a shoomaker i , a seventh doth cry , have been , and will follow my trade , for since fighting doth fall i do hope by the aul , t' get more than i can by the blade . fly brass quoth another , i tell the dear brother , my tinker-trade now i intend ; i 'le leave off my pillage , and cry in each village , bowles , treys , or old bellowes to mend . but sould'ers indeed , take very good heed , all you that true batchellours be , your hearts needs not to throb , nor your hands need not to rob , for far better dayes you shall see . to one i 'le lay ten , an army of men goes over to france the next spring ; and if you will be content , you shall see , we shall make the mounsiers to wring . then le ts with one voice , be glad and rejoyce , since fighting in england doth end ; and let him that loves peace get him home and encrease , and tell his sad tales to his friend . god bless our king then , and all the good men that be of his counsel and court ; and send he may never use men that endeavour to ruine a kingdome for sport. and without rebuke preserve the good duke , who bravely can lead up the van ; if even i fight for any mans right , believe me king charles is the man : finis . london , printed for samuel speed , at the sign of the printing-presse in st. pauls church-yard , . by the king. a proclamation, requiring all cashiered officers and souldiers of the late army, to depart, and not come within twenty miles of the cities of london and vvestminster, until the twentieth day of may next. england and wales. sovereign ( - : charles ii) approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : - (eebo-tcp phase ). a wing c thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) by the king. a proclamation, requiring all cashiered officers and souldiers of the late army, to depart, and not come within twenty miles of the cities of london and vvestminster, until the twentieth day of may next. england and wales. sovereign ( - : charles ii) charles ii, king of england, - . sheet ([ ] p.) printed by john bill, printer to the king's most excellent majestie, . at the king's printing-house in black-friers, london : [ ] dated at end: given at our court at whitehall, the th day of april, in the thirteenth year of our reign. annotation on thomason copy: "aprill ". reproduction of the original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p using tcp tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between and available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the , texts created during phase of the project have been released into the public domain as of january . anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. % (or pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf- unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p , characters represented either as utf- unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng england and wales. -- army -- early works to . soldiers -- england -- london -- early works to . - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread - emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion royal blazon or coat of arms c r honi soit qvi mal y pense diev et mon droit by the king. a proclamation , requiring all cashiered officers and souldiers of the late army , to depart , and not come within twenty miles of the cities of london and vvestminster , until the twentieth day of may next . charles r. whereas we have been lately informed that many officers and souldiers that were heretofore cashiered and turned out of the late army ( and not disbanded ) being persons of desperate fortunes and designs , do now remain in and about our cities of london and westminster , and have their daily meetings , and are ( of late ) grown so high and confident of effecting some wicked designs , that they spare not to give out words threatning mischiefs to our royal person , and to these our cities of london and westminster , at the times of the solemnities now approaching ; we taking the same into serious consideration , have thought fit , with the advice of our privy councel , to publish and declare , and do hereby publish and declare our will and pleasure to be , that all and every person and persons heretofore officer or souldier in the late army , cashiered and turned out , and not disbanded as aforesaid , which are not under imprisonment , or other legal restraint , do on or before the nineteenth day of this moneth of april , depart out of the said cities of london and westminster , and the liberties thereof ; and we do hereby charge and require them , and every of them , not being under imprisonment or legal restraint at the time of the publication hereof , to depart accordingly , and not to return again , nor come within twenty miles of the same our cities of london and westminster , or either of them , from that time until after the twentieth day of may next ensuing : and herein we shall expect from all persons concerned , a due and punctual submission and conformity at their perils , and upon pain of our high displeasure : willing and commanding all our officers and ministers to apprehend and seize the persons of all such as shall be found offenders , by not departing at the time before limited , and them to bring before the lords of our privy councel , to be further proceeded against for their contempts , according to iustice . given at our court at white-hall the th day of april , in the thirteenth year of our reign . god save the king . london , printed by john bill , printer to the king 's most excellent majestie , . at the kings printing-house in black-friers . whereas it hath pleased the parliament in and by their act bearing date the th of august . concerning the excise, to appoint the generall of their forces for the time being, to order and enjoyne all collonels ... cromwell, oliver, - . this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing c thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, - ; : ) whereas it hath pleased the parliament in and by their act bearing date the th of august . concerning the excise, to appoint the generall of their forces for the time being, to order and enjoyne all collonels ... cromwell, oliver, - . sheet ([ ] p.) s.n., [london : ] dated and signed: the eight day of novemb. . o: cromwell. imprint from wing. steele notation (exclusive of order): act diers fit-. annotation on thomason copy: "nouemb. ". reproduction of original in the henry e. huntington library. eng excise tax -- england -- early works to . soldiers -- england -- early works to . great britain -- history -- commonwealth and protectorate, - -- early works to . broadsides -- england a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no whereas it hath pleased the parliament in and by their act bearing date the th of august . concerning the excise, to appoint the gener cromwell, oliver f the rate of defects per , words puts this text in the f category of texts with or more defects per , words. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread - emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion whereas it hath pleased the parliament in and by their act bearing date the th of august . concerning the excise , to appoint the generall of their forces for the time being , to order and enjoyne all collonels , captaines , officers & souldiers under his command , upon application made to them , or 〈…〉 of them , speedily to suppresse all tumults , ryots , and unlawfull assem●●●●s which shall be attempted or acted , in opposition against the commis●●●●ers of excise , their sub-commissioners , collectors , or officers , in exe●●●●on of the ordinances and acts of parliament for the excise ; and to ap●●●hend all such ryotous and tumultuous persons , that they may be proceed●● against according to law . and whereas it is in the said act further de●●●ed , that no commander , officer , or souldier , shall seize upon , forcea●●● take , or detayne any the receipts of the excise , or protect any person ●●●m payment thereof , or encourage any person not to pay the same . and 〈◊〉 if any commanders , officers , or souldiers , shall notwithstanding seize 〈◊〉 , forceably take , or detayne any the receipts of the excise , protect any ●●●●on from paying thereof , or encourage any person not to pay the same , 〈…〉 proofe made thereof , shall be ( ipso facto ) cashiered , and all his 〈◊〉 forfeited to the common-wealth ; and suffer such other punish●●●● as shall by the said generall or councell of warre , be adjudged fit●● ▪ in pursuance whereof i doe hereby require all collonels , captains , officers , and souldiers under my command , upon application from time to time of the said commissioners of the excise , their sub-commissioners , collectors , or of●●●●● , unto them , or any of them , to be aiding and ●●sisting , as well in prevent●●g of such tumults and ryots , as in the suppressing thereof . and doe also ●●ereby declare , that if any collonels , officers , or s●uldiers shall seize upon , ●orceably take , or detayne any the receipts of the excise , or shall protect any person from paying thereof , or encourage any person not to pay the same , shall be proceeded against , and suffer according as in the sa●d act is expressed . given under my hand and seale the eight day of novemb●● . o : cromwell . foure paradoxes, or politique discourses concerning militarie discipline, written long since by thomas digges esquire. of the worthinesse of warre and warriors, by dudly digges, his sonne. all newly published to keepe those that will read them, as they did them that wrote them, from idlenesse. digges, thomas, d. . approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : - (eebo-tcp phase ). a stc estc s this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, - ; : ) foure paradoxes, or politique discourses concerning militarie discipline, written long since by thomas digges esquire. of the worthinesse of warre and warriors, by dudly digges, his sonne. all newly published to keepe those that will read them, as they did them that wrote them, from idlenesse. digges, thomas, d. . digges, dudley, sir, - . aut [ ], , [ ] p. by h. lownes, for clement knight, and are to be solde at his shop at the signe of the holy lambe in saint paules churchyard, imprinted at london : . reproduction of the original in the henry e. huntington library and art gallery. created by converting tcp files to tei p using tcp tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between and available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the , texts created during phase of the project have been released into the public domain as of january . anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. % (or pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf- unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p , characters represented either as utf- unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng military discipline -- early works to . soldiers -- early works to . war -- early works to . - tcp assigned for keying and markup - spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images - emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread - emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion foure paradoxes , or politique discourses . concerning militarie discipline , written long since by thomas digges esquire . of the worthinesse of warre and warriors , by dudly digges , his sonne . all newly published to keepe those that will read them , as they did them that wrote them , from idlenesse . horace . me castra iuuant & lituo tubae permistus sonitus , bellaque matribus detestata . imprinted at london by h. lownes , for clement knight , and are to be solde at his shop at the signe of the holy lambe in saint paules churchyard . . to the honourable theophilvs hovvard , lord hovvard of walden , sonne and heire apparent to the right honorable earle of suffolke , lord chamberlaine to his maiestie . a generall report ( worthy lord ) of your honourable disposition bred in mee euen at my first cōming into france , an earnest desire to see you , which through your courtesy & my good fortune was happily effected : but when i perceiued with what vertuous industrie you indeauored to make the best vse , of your wel spent time , in those parts ; i cōceiued great hope to receiue much greater contentment , in so truly honourable acquaintance , and the tast i had of your fauours assureth me i had beene happy in my hopes , had not my vntimely returne , such were my vnfortunate crosses , depriued mee of the comfort i tooke , in the company of your admired vertue . notwithstanding i haue hitherto fed my selfe with the hope of your returne &c. hoc equidem occasum troiae tristesque ruinas solabor , this shall bee my refuge . in the meane time as lewes of france did his country friends rape roote , or as the percian king did the poore mans apple , i intreat your lordship to accept these sleight discourses as a token of the dutifull respect i owe you : they are i know most vnworthy your maiden patronage , yet my first fruites they bee , and i earnestly desire , that my first borne should beare your honours name . your honors deuoted dudly digges . to the reader . that there are many faultes in these fewe leaues i doubt not , neither would i but you should finde fault , yet not maliciously with wrested and vnnaturall applications , yet not too peremptorily till you haue children of your owne : onely this , if you bee such a merchant as hateth a souldier , thinke it no victorie to picke matter of aduantage out of my weake handling of their good cause : if on the contrarie you loue the profession , take in good part these slight endeauors , till some one of better abilitie speak more effectually , and let this publike protestation assure you i am no dissembler , but one that heartily desireth to shew himselfe a louing countreyman to men that so well deserue the loue of their countrey . farewell . the first paradox . that no prince , or state doth gaine , or saue by giuing too small entertainement vnto souldiers , officers , or commaunders martiall : but doe thereby extreamely loose , and vnprofitably waste their treasure , besides the dishonour and foiles , that necessarily thereof ensue . i confesse sparing of treasure , and all due prouidence for the preseruation thereof , to bee a thing verie necessarie , especially in the warres of this our age , where treasure is indeed becom neruus belli ; and therefore by all reasonable prouisions to be regarded . but there are in all actions some sparings , or pretence of profit , that are vtterly vnprofitable , fond , and foolish , and woorking effects cleane contrary to that end , for the which such pinching is pretended . as , who seeth not , that , if a husbandman ( that hath first allotted a reasonable proportion of graine , for euerie acre of his arable ground ) shall ( of a couetous minde ) abate a quarter , or one third part of his due proportion of seede , thinking thereby to saue somuch ; who , ( i say ) seeth not , that by this foolish sauing in the seede , in the crop hee shall loose thrice as much , besides the hurtfull weeds , that , for want of seede sufficient , grow-vp , and spoile the rest ? or , if a merchant , setting forth his ship to the seas , fraught with marchandize , shall know that ( to rigge her well , and furnish her with all needfull tackle , furniture and prouision ) it will cost him full . pounds : yet , of a coueteous and greedie minde to saue thereof some . pounds , or two , hee shall scant his prouision , wanting perhaps some cables , ankers , or other-like necessaries , and after ( by a storme arising ) for fault thereof shall loose both ship and goods . who will not condemne this miserable foolish merchant , that ( peeuishly to saue one hundred pounds , or two ) hath lost both ship and goods , perhaps of . times greater value ? much more is the folly of this error in martial causes , where the tempests are as sodaine , and no lesse perrilous . and therefore such fond sparing , is farre more absurd in these actions , than in eyther of those , of the husbandman or merchant . for proofe whereof , if i should produce antique examples out of the romane and graecian chronicles of such kings and princes , as ( by such fond sparing of their treasure ) had lost both their treasure , and their kingdomes also , i could easily make of this subiect a great volume : but for breuitie sake ( leauing many antiquies ) i come to our present age and time , and to matters of our owne remembrance , and experience . for who knoweth not , what course the states of the vnited prouinces tooke , for payment of their souldiers , before the arriuall of her maiesties lord generall , the earle of leicester . who , for sparing , or to make ( as they pretended ) their treasour stretch , did pay their bands after . daies to the moneth , their pay being so scant and bare at . onely to the moneth , as it was verie hard for souldiers , or captaines , to liue honestly vpon it : and the same being now stretched to . daies , vtterly impossible for them to liue without frauds in musters , and pickories , besides on their countrey and friends . hereof it came to passe , that the honest , and valiantest men retired themselues from the warres , and the worst disposed free-booters were readiest to enter with these base conditions . for such a captaine ( as intendeth onely dishonestly , by fraud and robberie to enrich himselfe , to the ruine of his countrey ) will especially desire to serue on such base conditions , as honestly it is impossible for euerie man to liue vpon : and so hauing iust colour thereby to shift , hath all these meanes ensuing infinitely to enrich himselfe . first , ( in the choise of his officers ) to get , or accept such free-booters and theeues , as ( onely to haue the name and priuiledge of a souldier , to escape the paine due by martiall lawe to such vnsouldierlike persons ) will serue without pay , or with halfe pay . then , euerie of these his officers lieutenaunt , ensigne , serieants &c. ( being men of that crewe ) will draw in as many also as they can of the same moulde , to liue on pickorie without pay , and therefore very readie to serue in their loose manner with halfe pay . of such rakehels then the captaine hauing rayzed an ensigne , passeth his muster , and is sent to his garrison , or place of seruice . now , the prince or state that is serued with such as will accept these vnhonest base conditions , is much deceiued , if hee thinke to bee souldierly serued . viz. to haue their watches and wardes strong , vigilant , and carefull : for in steede of one thousand fiue hundreth souldiers past in muster , they shall neuer finde fiftie on guard , or sentinels , vpon any round : as all honest serieant-maiors , and other officers ( that haue past their rounds ) can testifie : the rest ( if he keepe any more ) being eyther abroad in the country at the picoree , or in the garrison more vnhonestly occupied , in abusing some honest burgh●r his wife or seruants : ( for , to drudge in watch or ward the gallantest of this crew disdaine . ) if any faults bee complained off , the excuse is readie : alas their pay is so small , as wee must winke at faults . but if at any time the commissarie of musters come with treasure to passe a muster , ye shall euer finde them strong . present and absent orderly set downe in muster rolles . and for their absents such formall testimonials , protestations , and oathes , as among christians were horrible to discredit , and their fraudes so artificially conueyed , as will bee hard to trie : but the treuth is , forgery & periury are the first lessons such freeboters learne , and then pallardize , murder , treachery , and treason are their attendants . heereof it came to passe ( for many yeares together ) that after the death of don iohn de austria , the states lost such a number of cities , townes , forts , castles and sconces , yea whole and entier prouinces reuolted from thē , by reason of the exextorsions , oppressions , & robberies insolently committed on the country people , and best subiects , by these insatiable cormorants , lyons to their friends , and hares in presence of their enemies , hauing not only , linguas sed animas venales , manus rapaces , pedes fugaces , & quae honestè nominari non possunt inhonestissima , verè galeati lepores et hyrudines aerarij . and this base beggerly pay the onely ground-plot of all these horrible villanies , odious to god and man , and not tollerable in any christian gouernment . for , if princes or states will giue such conuenient pay , as men of value , and honesty may sparingly liue-on without fraud and robbery , they may boldly execute martial discipline , & purge their army of these idle drones , and carowsing picking caterpillers : and in stead of these , they shall ( in short time ) haue their ensignes compleat with valiant , honest , sober , loyall souldiers , that shall carefully and painefully in watch and ward execute their martiall duties . the earle of leicester with his owne eyes beheld before zutphen campe nigh arnhem two or three regiments of scotts and dutch in the states pay , sent for by count hollock as the most choise bands that followed him , hauing sixteene or eighteene ensignes in their regiments , and paid for nigh three thousand souldiers : that ( marching in ranke , and after embattailed ) were found not full one thousand , besides their officers . now , if the states had paid truely but ensignes after . daies to the moneth , ( as her maiestie did ) and by martiall discipline haue kept them strong , they should haue had . more heads and hands to fight at least in such . than in these ensignes paid after . daies . and at the very same time , & the same place his excellency saw eight english ensignes embattailed in the same field , that for heads of men were more than . of the other ensignes , and for armes & weapon ful double so strong : and yet these eight ensignes stood not her maiesty ( paying honourably ) in somuch as the other . so dishonourably paid by the states , by many thousand gilders a moneth . most foolish therefore , and peeuish is such sauing in these martiall causes , being more absurd farre and fond than other of those my first examples of the paltering husbandman or miserable merchant that stumbleth at a straw , and swalloweth a blocke , and by greedie pinching for a penny , fondly looseth or wasteth pounds . but that dishonour that falleth out in these actions is much more to bee respected : for , if eight ensignes ( well and truely paid ) shall euer bee stronger in all martiall encounters than . of the other : how much more honour shall it bee with eight ensignes to haue performed any honourable action than to haue done the same with eighteene ? as contrariwise the foile , to loose eight ensignes is farre lesse than to loose eighteene . againe , if the states had rayzed a meane army ( not of such mercenarie vagabondes as would serue on any conditions , resoluing by pickorie and extortion to enrich themselues ) but of temperate , honest , painefull , valiant souldiers which full easily with sufficient and compleat pay they might haue done , and then haue kept a steddy hand on martiall discipline , seuerely to haue punished such cormorants as should any way haue spoyled or extorted on the countrey booer , or honest burgher . they had neuer tasted those horrible ruines of their townes and desolation of their countries , that afterwards for many yeares they did . for it was not the great subsidies or leuies made on brabant , and flaunders , and other vpland prouinces by the states vnited that made them all reuolt afterward to the prince of parma , but onely these abuses , spoiles and pickories . for in holland and zealand they haue euer since , and doe still leuie as great and farre greater contributions than euer they did on those malcontēted prouinces : but it was the wrongs , iniuries , insolencies and extorsions committed by this crew of degenerate bastardly souldiers or rather picke●s , the seruants or rather idolatrous slaues of their misbegotten mistresse madam picorea that alienated the harts vtterly of these prouinces . the people hauing reason to reuolt to the gouernment of papists or turks rather than to endure the outrages committed on them , their wiues and daughters by those their owne hirelings so deepely wounding them in wealth and honor . for what tribute , subsidie or taske had not beene farre more tollerable to any honest or christiā people than to haue such a crew of hell-hounds laid vpon them ? as , not content to haue the best chambers , beds , and fare that their host could yeeld them ; yea wine also bought and farre fet for them , but would enforce them to pay money also , and yet at their parting ( in recompence or their good entertainment ) rifle them of all that was portable of any value , besides other indignities not to bee spoken of by honest tongues , or heard by modest eares . the horror of these villaines hath made holland wisely and prouidently these douzen yeares and more yearely to giue ten folde greater contributions ( yearly i say respectiuely weighed ) than the greatest subsidie or beneuolence that euer our nation gaue during all these . yeares of her maiesties most gracious and happie reigne . the which they doe most frankly and willingly stil continue to maintaine the warres out of the bowels of their owne country , and to free themselues of those horrible oppressions which they sawe executed among their neighbours , which wise resolution of theirs god hath also so fauoured and blessed with extraordinarie aydes and fauors many waies , as these of holland are not the poorer , but rather much richer than they were before the warres began , notwithstanding their huge contributions are such , as in commō reason a man would thinke were able to begger any mightie kingdome : that little countrey of holland onely ( being for scope of ground and firme land not comparable with the least of any one of many shieres in england ) yealdeth to the warres yearely a greater contribution than halfe the fiftie shires of england euer yet did in any one yeare by any subsidie . it is not therefore the great charges or contributions that beggereth or spoyleth any countrey , but the ill disposing of the treasure leuied , and the ill gouernement of the souldierie therewith maintained , which becommeth indeed more odious and intollerable to any christian nation or people farre , than any tax or subsidie that is possible to bee cessed or imposed on them : neither is it the multitude of ensignes that terrifieth the enemy , but choise election of the souldiery , and the true execution of martiall discipline . herof it hath come to passe that so smal handfuls of spaniards ( while they were wel paid & discipline ) did at sondry times foile so many ensignes of these mercenary freeboters : and contrariwise after those spaniards fell to mutenies ( for want of pay ) and to committing of like extorsisions and insolencies on the country people , they caused a sodaine reuolt of all the prouinces . but for our owne nation i holde it a maxime most assured , and hardly by any one example , to be disprooued : that euer wee receiued any foile where our ensignes were compleat , but only in such places , and at such times , as our ensignes were maintained ( not like the eight ensignes before mentioned in the earle of leicesters time in her maiesties pay ) but rather as the other eight in the states pay , as will bee found too too true , if it bee deeply examined . the like i say in pay of officers and superiour commaunders , that to giue them honourable and conuenient entertainment is not onely not vnprofitable , but most profitable and gainefull to any king , prince , or state : and the contrary ( i meane by accepting or admitting such commaunders or officers as will offer themselues to serue for small or base entertainment ) is a thing vnto the king or state not onely dishonourable , and most hurtfull ( in respect of the seuice ) but also euen in regard of their treasure onely most vnprofitable , damageable , and discommodious , as i will prooue by manifest and true reasons . but because the discourse would be ouer-long & tedious , if i should particularly enter into the office or charge of euerie seuerall kinde of officer or commaunder , i will only choose two , of either sort one , which ( to coniecture and discerne of all the rest ) may aboundantly suffice to prooue my present proposition . among commaunders therefore i will onely entreate of the collonell or maestro del campo . and among chiefe officers of the comptroller , censor , or muster master generall . and first of collonels i say , if they take vpon them that charge to command any conuenient number of ensignes appropriat to their regiment , it is fit their entertainment bee proportionall to their reputation and charge : the which as it farre surmounteth a priuate captain , so ought his allowance to bee accordingly , as wel for maintenance of a conuenient table , to entertaine the chiefe officers of his regiment . as chiefely such gentlemen of value as many times ( without charge or office to see the warres vpon their owne priuate expences ) will follow him . for if this collonell , haue not such entertainment from his prince or state , hee must of necessitie eyther spoyle or vndoe himselfe to maintaine that port is fit , which fewe in these daies will , or sor remedie helpe himselfe by tollerating frauds in musters , and suffering the captaines of his regiment to keepe their bands halfe emptie : out of the which both captaines and coronell may pay themselues double and treble the greatest entertainment that euer any king yet gaue , but not without the very ruine and vtter dishonour of their nation . for what captaine is there so foolish miserable , ( if hee make no conscience to gaine by robbing of his prince or state ; ) that will not bee content to giue one halfe of these his foule and corrupt gaines , to enioy the other ? knowing otherwise hee shall not onely quite loose that base gaine , if hee bee called to account for it , but his reputation and life also , if iustice bee duely executed . but if by his chiefe collonels fauour , hee may bee paid for . and keepe scarce . to defend his ensigne , and so gaine a thousand pounds a yeare cleare , to giue the moytie yearely thereof to go scot-free with the rest , and escape the shame thereunto due , hee maketh a verie profitable bargaine if such dishonest lucre deserue the name of profit , which course of gaine is so much the more damnable and perrilous to bee suffered , because it vtterly discourageth the honest valiant captaines , and enricheth the contrary : and so tendeth to the verie ruine and ouertherthrow of all true vertue and value . for if the chiefe commaunder bee so affected as hee will bee by any such deuice to supply his wants : in very gratitude and pollicy hee must most countenance those that yeeld him most benefit : and those captaines may be most beneficiall to him , that ( by keeping their bands most feeble ) doe most rob their prince or state. and so the worst persons ( of such commaunders ) must of force bee most fauoured and countenanced . farther these fauorites if they commit any other extorsions on their countrimen , friends , or allies , being entered into such a league with their commaunders , it is likely they may finde the more fauour also , and thereby more boldly by all deuices and extortions rake-in wealth to maintaine themselues , their patrones , and followers in excessiue brauerie . whereas the right valiant captaine indeed , that ( keeping his band strong and compleat with armed souldiers , gaining nothing aboue his bare wages , nor will extort vnhonestly vpon any friend or allie , and his wages ( besides his meat and atmes ) scarcely sufficient twice in a yeare to buy him a sute of buffe ) remayneth as a man contemned and disgraced : where the other by his robberies and pickories can florish in monethly change of sutes of silke , dawbed with embroderies of golde and siluer lace , and iewels also : and so countenanced by such commaunders fauour , and by such other mightie friends as his spoiles may procure . that 〈…〉 road and at home also generally this picking , 〈…〉 rousing freebooter shall bee called a braue 〈…〉 ●●llant souldier , yea fit to bee a collonell or great ●●●●ander that can drinke , and dice &c , with the proudest : when the true , valiant , honest , and right martiall captaine indeed is not able in such riotous expences to keep port with the others waiting seruants . but whether these silken , golden , embroydered delicate captaines ( with their demy feeble ensignes ) or the other plaine leather , well armed , sober , painefull , valiant captaines ( with their compleat ensignes of armed souldiers maintained as their companions ) shall doo their prince or countrey more honour at a day of seruice ? if wee haue not yet learned , wee shall i doubt hereafter , if these abuses bee not reformed , with the dishonourable losse of many more english ensignes , than all the chronicles these . yeares before could tell vs of , to remaine for an vnhonorable monument of these our errors , to all posteritie . for i haue euer found it in my experience a rule almost infallible among priuate captaines : the more braue and gallant the captaine is in his apparrell , and wastfull in expences , the more poore , feeble , weake and miserable ye shall for the most part finde his souldiers full of lice many times , & stinking for want of a shirt to change thē , when such commaunders with some few fauorites are ouer sweete and fine . and then is it any meruaile if so braue and gallant a gentleman ( perfumed perhaps with muske and syuet ) disdain to haunt the filthy corps du gardes of ragged , lothsome , lowsie souldiers ? or is it any meruaile then , ( where captains giue this example : ) if lieutenants & ensignes also do take their ease , and liuing in like delicacy , disdaine to associate themselues with their poore flocks . if townes of great importance haue beene lost by the cowardize of some one corps du gard , that beastly haue abandoned without blowes , a ground of such aduantage as was defensible against any royall army : onely , because at the approach therof , there was neither captaine , lieutenant nor ensigne present on the guard , but a knot only of these poore ghosts : and thereby dishonorably a town of great importance lost , very experiēce ( me thinks ) should teach vs rather to choose such captains as would so apparrell themselues , and regard their fellow-souldiers , as they should not disdaine their company , or abhorre their stinke . i haue read , that a worthy generall of the graecians , after hee had with a small army of valiant , rude , plaine , sober , obedient souldiers conquered ten times as many of the rich , silken , golden , riotous perfumed persians , abounding with horses and chariots and armours of golde , because ( quoth hee ) the persians were so delicately and daintily bred , as they were not able to abide the sauor of my souldiers arme-holes . i would therefore wish no captaines chosen but such as should contemne vtterly such feminine delicacy in apparrell and wastfull riotous expences , and could be content to make himselfe a companion of his fellow souldiers , and think his honour consisted ( not in gay garments ) but in good armes , in the strength of his band , in his trauels , paines , watchings , and aduentures , and not in c●rowsing or perfuming , or any other delitious , idle , or rather effeminate vnmanly vanitie . for as marius the romane generall auerred : munditias mulieribus , viris laborem conuenire : so , if souldiers and captaines would contend one to excell another therein , ( i meane in military labours and carefull aduenterous endeauours , contemning all delitious pompes and idle ease , as effeminate and vnworthy their professions ) then should wee see a great alteration , both of the fortune and fame of our nation which heeretofore hath euer been comparable with the best and most renowned . but the onely or chiefe meanes to bring this to passe , is , first to allow vnto the generall and chiefe commaunders so honourable and conuenient entertainment , as may suffice to maintaine the port and honour of their place , without practising or consenting to any corruptions , especially such as vtterly disgrace the good , and enrich the bad , deface the painfull , carefull , sober , valiant captaine , and aduance the idle , negligent , riotous coward . but aboue all things to haue him detested more than a coward , that ( of a base corrupt minde ) shall seeke to make his gaine by keeping his band feeble and weake , and by deceipts , fraud and periuries at musters to contriue the same : for by this meanes hee doth not onely rob his princes treasure , but is also guiltie of the bloud of those souldiers that are slaine for want of hands to fight when the honour of their nation comes to triall . as all true martiall discipline therefore is not to be reuiued and put in execution among our nation : so especially that part which concerneth this mightie and grosse abuse ( aboue all other ) ought most seuerely to bee regarded . and to the end officers of musters may by the generall or chiefe gouernours be countenanced in their honest proceedings ( for discouerie and correction of such abhominable frauds and robberies as so vsually and shamelesly haue beene practized ) i would wish their owne particular bands ( where they haue any ) should alway bee allowed them without checke , for any default : presuming in honour they would bee the more carefull to bee an example to other , when they shall see themselues by their prince so trusted . and then hauing lesse cause ( in respect of their priuate profit ) to fauour any such deceipt in others , there is no doubt , but ( hauing also honorable entertainmēt ) they will ( as they are by a double duty bound ) honorably aduance that course of discipline which shall make their armies victorious , themselues famous , and their countrey felicious ; especially if due regard bee had in the choise of such chiefe and principall commaunders , who ought indeed to bee honorable and not base minded persons . and as good trees are not iudged by the blossomes , but by the fruits : so surely are men rather by their deedes than by shewes or partial fame to be discerned : for , as in all other vocations , so chiefly in the warres by common fame such commaunders euer shall be most extolled of their followers , as most content their humors . now if captaines humors in this age of corruption , be for the greater part infected or depraued , to make choise yet by common fame or opinion , should be an error exceeding great : for as in the pestilent feauers & like violent diseases , the patient many times doth farre better like that phisition which suffereth him to take colde liquors , & other pleasing phancies , agreeable to his appetite , which as very poysons doo cause his death , than such a phisition as prescribeth a seuere dyet , accompanied with such bitter medicines as only is able to saue his life , and restore his health and strength . and as the error therein were great to choose a phisition after such sick-mens appetites : so surely for reformation of these martiall diseases , the error were no lesse absurd at the beginning , to choose such generals or chiefe commaunders by common fame , or liking of most captaines . but after martiall discipline is againe in some good measure restored , & that captaines begin to detest riotous expences in meate , drinke , and apparell ( as effeminate delicacie ) and contend who may exceede other in labour , paines , watchings , diligence , and vertuous martiall actions , hauing a right taste and sence in deede of true honour and martiall valour , and wherein the same consisteth , and by some conuenient continuance of exercise and vse made the same not greeuous but familiar vnto them : then were there no more compotent iudges ( of the abilitie and sufficiencie of a generall , ) than such , as ( aduenturing their lyues with him ) haue greatest neede and vse thereof . but as that famous generall and censor cato at rome exclamed in his time , the publique had neede of a sharpe and mercilesse phisition , and a violent purgation : and that therefore they were to choose ( not such commaunders as should be gratefull and gracious , ) but resolute and seuere : so surely much more in this time and state of warres haue wee cause to proclaime such choise , or rather great princes and magistrates to haue especiall care and regard thereof . now therefore if the collonell or chiefe commaunder be chosen such an honourable person , as of himselfe abhorres deceipt , feare god , contemne gourmandize and quaffing , and other more base and beastly pleasures , or effeminate delicacies , by the example of many worthie romaine generals , as also of that famous victorious lacedemonian generall king agesilaus , it shall be easie for him ( hauing conuenient and honourable pay ) to banish these monsters out of his campe or gouernment , as vnworthie for souldiers professing armes , & fitter for the pompous rich slaues of persia. but if contrariwise any chiefe commaunders be persons that will winke at deceipts or fraudes in musters , and make their profit ( as infinitely they may thereby ) no wonder if all the inferiour captaines insolently put the same in execution , and keepe their counsels and ordinarie consultations how to exploite and execute those deceipts , and by all vnhonest practises , slaunders , and lybels , &c , to disgrace any officer that shall oppose himselfe dutifully against it : and so their bands continued euer feeble , weake , and miserable . or if this coronell or chiefe commaunder be a person that hath no compassion on the poore priuate souldiers , nor care to preserue and maintaine their lyues , but rather ( respecting how largely he may make his gaine by their deaths ( expose them to the butcherie , yee shall presently haue almost all the captaines regard thē lesse than dogges . or if the collonell or generall ( forgetting that right lacedemonian law , that whosoeuer did saue his life by flight in the field , was infamous euer after euen to his graue ) doo take so little shame ( of running away in the field ) as hee will haue for himselfe a horse of swift cariere alway in readinesse vpon any daunger to take his leaue : what meruaile if yee haue inferiour captaines prouided for the like ? yea many times liuetenants , and ensignes also ? and what is then to bee expected , but dishonourable flight , shame and confusion , whensoeuer they are roundly charged by any souldiers ? if the collonell or chiefe commaunder bee a man , that ( regarding wholy his profit ) will winke at the extorsions of his captaines , they haue reason to spare him halfe their pay , or all their imprestes , for that they can full easily ( from the booer or burgher vnder their crushing ) extort much more than the greatest pay any christian king yet gaue , and thereby so enrich themselues with golde and iewels , as they haue no reason any more to hazard their life , but to prouide themselues good horses to escape away with their wealth whēsoeuer they shal be charged : leauing their souldiers to the slaughter , by whose deaths also there may grow a good diuidend , to bee shared among such artificial fugitiues . if coronels or chiefe commaunders of their ease , pleasure or priuate respects holde it no disgrace or shame to bee absent from their regiments : no meruaile if any inferiour captains bee readie to follow such discipline also , and consequently all their fauorites and persons best appointed . and then what meruaile if the silly remnant of the feeble flocke ( hauing scarcely sheepeheard or sheepeheards dogge left to take the care and charge of them ) become a pray to the rauening wolfe , that will not let slip so good an opportunitie . but if the coronell or chiefe commaunder himselfe be such a one as takes no shame in field to saue his life by flight : it is not strange that captaines vnder his charge should imitate his discipline . and then much lesse reason haue priuate souldiers to stand so much vpon their honour , or rather to die than turne their face . but if such indeed bee the true profession of a souldier rather to die reasolutely in his ranke , than turne his face , or cowardly by flight to saue his life . if this bee the dutie of the meanest and most priuate souldier , then how much rather is the captaine , and much more the coronell bound to such an honorable resolution ? if in the most honorable and martiall nations of the world , such cowardize in a priuate souldier hath beene noted with perpetuall shame , how much more ought it to bee detested in captaines ? and then à fortiori in their superiors . but if by corrupt custome and education in licentious loose warres , such principall persons bee growne so farre past shame , as not onely to commit these base and vnsouldierlike errrors , but also ( that most miserable is ) in their ordinarie discourses and banquets amids their sacrifices to bacchus at open tables to vaunt of these their stratagems , recounting in how many encounters , the places where , and when they fled gallantly , and spurred their horses in their violent retreits , who might runne swiftest : what shall wee say but that such degenerate shamelesse persons might ( with much better reason ) vant how many bastinadoes they had receiued brauely ? for surely cowardize in a man ( especially professing armes ) hath euer beene accounted the foulest vice : as incontinency the greatest dishonestie in a woman . and as an honest woman may fortune by violence to bee abused , and yet all her life time after cannot but blush to haue it spoken of : so though an honest man ( i meane a valiant man in the field ) by violence and multitude of enemies vnhappily should be enforced to turne his face : yet ashamed should hee bee euer to heare it spoken of . but as that state were horribly wicked where women should aduant openly of their incontinency : so , desperate is their disease that are so farre past shame to aduant of their cowardize : and miserable that state must needs become , where such impudency should bee tollerable for men professing armes shamelesly to vaunt of their fearefull flights , or as they are termed in their new discipline , their violent retraitz . but ( that most lamentable is ) many times it may come to passe , that these impudent runawaies being escaped ( consorting themselues ) shal by rumors , letters , or printed pamphlets perhaps sometimes disgrace those valiant men that resolutely died in the place , rather than they would shame themselues , and dishonour their countrey with a cowardly flight . and then such fugitiues ( extolling one another with heroicall names , hauing also by their former pikories store of crowns to purchase friends , by such thrasonicall stratagems ) of the ignorant multitude bee counted gallant souldiers , and fit for newe imployments . an error of all other the most daungerous : that ( contrarie to all martiall discipline ) that fault that deserueth death or dishonourable disarming vnder a gallowes , should bee honoured with new imployments , or greater credit . but as the disgrace of a few ringleaders of runawaies and other corruptions would wonderfully repaire the honour of any nation : so the tolleration of them , and much more the imploying of them again in new charges by their example may breed effects most dangerous and fearefull , if in time ( by due execution of right martiall discipline ) such weeds bee not eradicate . the lacedemonians ( by due obedience to their martiall lawes ) were become the most mighty and puissant state of all the graecians , which then for heroical prowesse surmoūted all the world besides , as by the multitude of their victories on the orientall nations , and asiaticall mightie empires is apparant : whose huge armies and innumerable forces they vanquished in a number of battailes with a very few , but choise , painefull , sober , well trained and disciplined bands , being accustomed from their infancy to trauaile , paines , sobriety , and hardnes . and by the same custome and education learned also with all dutie to obey their superiors , reuerence the elders , and to feare nothing but shame and infamie : and of all infamies none so great to a man there as cowardize , being by their verie lawes noted with disgrace perpetuall to his death that ran away from his enemies in the field , or saued his life by flight : which fault was held so soule and base , as the very mothers abhorred and renounced them , yea and some with their owne hands haue killed such of their sons as by flight in the field haue saued their liues , as traitors to their countrey , and dishonorable to their parentes : yea they were disgraded from all honour and imployment , marked by shauing of halfe their heades and beards , derided and disdained of all their countrimen , and lawfull for all men to abuse and beat them as seruiceable slaues . these were the shames ordained for fugitiues in those warlike nations . whereupon a king of theirs being demanded how it came to passe that the lacedemonians so farre excelled all others in prowesse and armes ? because ( quoth he ) they are taught from their infancy not to feare death , but shame . as marius also that famous romane generall said of himselfe , hee had learned to feare nothing but infamy . they therefore that by education in lawlesse warres grow so impudent as to vant of their foiles and flights ( which by true martiall lawes , especially in leaders and commanders should bee noted and punished with perpetuall shame ) are so farre of frō true souldiery , and martial honor as they are fitter ( like most dangerous contagious sheep ) to be expelled & seuered in time , lest they infect with their leprosy the whole troup & military flock : howsoeuer the corruptiōs of this age & ignorāce of the dāgers that ensue by contēpt of true martial honor may excuse or delay their due punishmēt or shame for a time . for if a chief commander shal neither blush to saue himself by flight , nor corruptly to make his gain by the death of his poore souldiers through frauds , periury , and deceipt in musters : his readiest plot to grow rich and puissant is , presently so soone as hee can finger his souldiers pay , or princes treasure , to deuise some desperate vnfeasible seruice , where he may bring his fantery to haue their throats cut , and then hauing choise horses to saue himselfe by flight , and his confederate fauorites with the pay of the dead , they may banquet and riot their fill , and haue so great masses of treasure to make friends , as none of these tragedies can come to vnripping , if once it bee perswaded lawfull or intollerable for a generall or chiefe commaunders to saue themselues by flight . but the tollaration thereof and of these fraudes and abuses in musters , and the immeasurable sweete gaines that bad consciences see they may make thereby ( if they can also shake of shame , and extinguish true martiall discipline ) is the chiefest ●● use of all base and dishonorable corruptions , and will still encrease such impudency and insolency as corrupt persons by sufferance will grow vnto : which ought so much the more seuerely and speedily with the sword of iustice and true militarie lawes in time to bee corrected , as the continuance doth make the disease more desperate and perrilous to their state , and more hard to bee recured , when wealthie wickednes thereby getteth such authoritie and purchaseth such parties , as after by iustice shall hardly bee suppressed , vnlesse the souereigne maiestie or ephores of the state in time i say minister the bitter medicine , that onely must cure this pestilent and contagious sicknesse . for if demetria of sparta with her owne hands killed ( for cowardize ) her sonne demetrien as a degenerate monster not worthy to bee called a lacedemonian or to walk on the earth , being ( as she said ) a monument dishonourable to his countrey and parents , and the like done by diuers other ladies and worthy women of that state to their owne children , for abandoning onely of their ranke , to saue their liues when they were forced with violence and multitudes of their enemies : what could these woorthy women haue done to such sonnes as premeditately before hand prouided them horses of swift carrier to saue themselues , so soone as they shall finde any danger growing . or if this fault of flying or abandoning their rank only hath beene in a priuate souldier so abhorred , as his owne mother hath executed martiall iustice vpon him , with detestation of his cowardize as vnworthie to drinke of the riuer eurotas , or to beare the name of a lacedemonian : how much more is the same to bee detested in a commaunder , on whose error or cowardize the liues of so many as are vnder his charge dependeth , besides the dishonour of his nation ? or if that fault could receiue in that martiall nation no excuse , though they were enforced therto by the violence and multitude of their enemies : how much more abhominable is it in them that of purpose before hand are prouided of their meanes to runne away and abandon those for whose safetie it were their duty to sacrifice their liues ? and by leauing their souldiers to the butchery , to make their excessiue gaines by the payes of the dead and robberie of their prince and countrey . if so many woorthie generals both greekes and romanes ( that full easily at sundry battailes might haue escaped and saued their owne liues ) haue refused vtterly both horses and all other meanes offered them to saue themselues , and chosen rather ( when all hope was past ) to sacrifice their liues among their troupes , than to returne to yeeld a dishonorable account of the blood of their souldiers : how much more should wee abhorre such as not onely commit these base errors , but impudently also are not ashamed to make their vauntes thereof ? if manlius torquatus when his sonne was challenged by a chiefe commaunder on the contrary side , ( onely because without leaue he did accept the particular combate , although hee had the victorie , and strake of his enemies head in sight of both armies ) would neuerthelesse haue executed the martiall law vpon his valiant son ( onely ) because he brake one point of martial discipline : what reward doo wee thinke this generall would haue bestowed on one of our shamelesse fugitiues ? if this famous generall so highly respected the honor and safety of his countrey , as hee resolued to execute the lawes martiall of this his onely and most valiant sonne : not for any cowardize or corruption , but onely for want of due obedience ( in accepting without leaue the combate ) choosing rather to depriue himselfe of his onely sonne and incomparable iewell , than the martiall discipline of his countrey should in the least point bee corrupted . how much more hath the sacred maiestie of a prince and honourable ephores of any state cause with seueritie in time to see due execution of martiall iustice on such ( as not mooued by magnanimitie or hautie courage , but contrariwise of a corrupt custome and base minde , for lucre , pleasure , or ryot onely ) commit ( premeditately ) not one but many of those grosse and shamfull abuses and breaches of true martiall discipline : that in those daies and states the most inferiour souldier of an armie for feare of perpetuall shame would not : faults i say so farre surmounting this error of the worthy manlius sonne , as the foulest leprosie or pestilent feuer doth the ephimeris ague , tending indeed not onely to the robbing of their prince and publique treasure , and to the spoyle and betraying of their fellow souldiers ( men many times of better valour and woorth farre than such leaders or superiour commaunders ) but also to the vtter ouerthrowe of all true martiall valour , and dishonour perpetuall of their nation , and smally tending to the vtter ruine of their prince and countrey . but to passe ouer infinite honorable praecedents of antiquitie , to returne againe to our owne age , i say , that euen by experience of the warres , and nations of our owne time it is manifest , that these abuses and corruptions haue beene the verie ruine of the realmes and states where they haue beene practized , as in time they will be also of all other that shall admit the continuance of them . and first for france that woorthy souldier mounsier de la nôe in the military discourses plainely sheweth , how with these ciuill warres these corruptions there began , and by what vnlawful generation mistresse picorea was at boygenye first begotten , which bastard in short time had such a multitude of seruants both in france , and after in the low-countries , as they created their mistresse a ladie : and that mightie ladie madam picorea hath now so many braue seruants , ( not onely among the french and dutch , but of other nations also ) as it is to bee feared they will make her a queene , to the ruine of all kings , queenes and realmes that shall endure her , and not suppresse in time both her , and her shamelesse presumptuous , lewde , licentious seruants . what extreeme misery they haue within these thirtie yeares reduced all france vnto , wee see : what desolation in flaunders , brabant , and other base countrey prouinces , by the ruines remaining , is manifest . shal wee suffer her and her followers also in our nation , to see what they can likewise doo of england ? absit omen . but the french prouerbe saith most truly ; qui par son peril est sage celuy , est sage malhereux : and , foelix quem faciunt aliena pericula cautum . he telleth of an honorable executiō done by that worthy souldier the armirall of france in hanging vp a captaine & or other chief seruāts of this basterdly lady picorea adoring their gallows with their booties , which honorable souldier ( shattillion i meane ) he commendeth highly to haue beene a most fit and meete phisition to cure this maladie : for hee was ( saith la nòe ) seuere and violent , neither could any fauour or vaine friuolous excuses take place with him if the partie were faultie : which is indeed the onely way to cure it , for it is most fond and vaine to imagine that eyther by verball perswasions , or printed lawes or proclamations it is possible to cure this fore , but with armed iustice some of the ring-leaders must be seized and roughly chastized , to bring a terror vpon the rest . for if these mischiefes ( saith that woorthy souldier ) were like to other crimes , where men ( condemned by publique sentence ) are quietly content to bee led by the executioner to receiue their due , they might full soone bee banished . but they fare more like a rough and restife horse , that ( being touched with his riders spurre ) lasheth , yerketh , and biteth , and therefore such a iade must roughly and rigorously bee corrected and made to know his fault : for if ye spare him or seeme to feare him , hee will sure vnhorse you , for generally these militarie vices are presumptuous . and if they smel you feare them they will braue you : but giue them the terror of lawes , and their due punishments seuerely , and so shall you cure their maladie . for most mercifull is that rigour , that ( by dispatch of foure or fiue ) many saue the liues of so many hundreds , or rather thousands , and recure such a pestilent contagion as is able in time to subuert the most mightie realmes and monarchies . when yron is fouly kankored , it is not inough to annoint it with oyle , but it must bee roughly and forcibly scoured and polished , to make it returne to his perfect brightnes . and if in pleuresies and other like corrupt exulcerations wee haue no remedie but to open a veine , and content our selues to part with many drops of our blood to saue the whole bodie from destruction : so must we be content ( though it were with the losse of many such corrupt persons ) to recure our militarie bodie from vtter confusion : seeing thereupon dependeth the health or ruine also of the whole politique body of the realme : for the french haue a true prouerbe . le medicin piteux fait vne mortelle plaie and most wisely the poet. obsta principijs , serò medicinaparatur , cum mala per longas inualuêre moras . as france and flanders both our next neighbours by their calamities may teach vs , where no kinde of abuse or corruptions haue beene practized : their bands not . for . strong . which kinde of picoree mounsier de la nôe termeth desrober enfalquin non pas engentilz homes : but of gentlemen all piciories ought indeed to be detested , as fitter for base minded slaues , than honouable free minded souldiers . but for other extortions and robberies vpon the poore payzants , booers , or husbandmen , it were as hard to name any one kinde that hath beene omitted , as to recite particularly euery sort that hath bene executed by these insatiable cormorants , whose maw is neuer full though their gourmandize be infinite , besides the defacing of so many goodly churches and stately pallaces in the countrey , as by the remnants of their ruines is to bee seene , and the ransacking of villages , castles , townes and cities , and infinite outrages otherwise committed in all places where this misbegotten ladies seruants or filching followers could lay their gracelesse hands . but seeing the first pretext and colour they had in france to engender this monster , and since in the base countries to foster her , was by reason of want onely of conuenient pay : which enforced euen the most famous generals of our time ( i meane the prince of condee , and the prince of orange ) at the first to tollerate these cankers , which after wrought the very ruine , of those states . it is a singuler warning to king and princes that haue realmes to commaund , that not yet so farre corrupted , and able to yeelde maintenance for honest and right martiall souldiers , by no meanes ( for want of conuenient wages , stipend , and pay ) to giue any colour or excuse to this degenerate bastardly kinde of seruitors , or rather pickers , to excuse their corrupt artes , or diuellish craftes and abuses . and for their subiects of all degrees rather to giue double and treble subsidies yearely to continue an honourable pay , for maintenance of sober , valiant , painefull , honest , obedient souldiers in true martiall discipline , than to become a praye to these mercilesse carrowsing , degenerate insatiable monsters . and it is to bee hoped the present king of fraunce ( if god blesse him with any obedience of his subiects ( as were to bee wished , and his constancie in religion , and other heroicall vertues meriteth ) will no doubt by all due meanes in his territories endeuour to procure a reformation of these horrible disorders , which is yet vtterly impossible for him to redresse , being in that state , by long continuance growne to a most difficile and hard cure . but as the estates of the vnited prouinces ( by meanes of such bad pay and collections of corruptions in their martiall or rather mercenarie commaunders ) did also for many yeares together continually lose by peacemeale a number of strong fortes , towers , and prouinces in their possessions , being driuen almost on euery side downe into their marches where they were enforced to implore her maiesties present ayde to escape their impendent ruine : so , hauing of late ( by honourable example of her maiesties bands ) well reformed that their base kinde of pay , and in part thereby also their other abuses ( which of late yeares hath crept in among their enemies ) haue beene able to make head and recouer againe , many of those important places that before they lost : repayring thereby somewhat the fault of their former errors . yet when i perswade to giue vnto all colonels and such like chiefe commaunders such entertainment as may suffice them contentedly to liue , without seeking so much as ( by tolleration or suffering of frauds to enrich themselues , or to supply their wants . it is no part of my meaning to haue collonels so commune , or such multitude of needlesse officers , as in disorderly warres hath beene accustomed . for one collonell or maestro del campo may very well suffice for three or foure thousand men , and the contrarie is but an abuse and embasing of that name which should not bee bestowed but on olde souldiers of iudgement and experience , able to discharge a place of that importance . and this officer hauing ( for himselfe , his martiall , his serieant maior , and other necessary chiefe officers of his regiment ) conuenient allowance to maintaine on honourable table , the inferiour priuate captaines may and ought to content themselues with meaner port till ( by vertue and desert ) they bee aduaunced to higher place : and ( abhorring all vanitie in apparrell , and wastefull expences in baser appetites ) endeuour themselues by trauell , care , good armes , and trayning of their companies ( in right martiall exercises and exploits in the field vpon their enemies ) to make their value knowne , and by such aemulation one to excell another , whereby they may bee chosen and aduanced to higher offices : the priuate captaines place being indeede but the first steppe toward martiall honour : and therefore not to bee accompanied with such pompe , as now is too too vsuall . it may perhaps be replied . so long as men are content to accept these glorious names only ( without any charge to their princes purses , or crauing any encrease of pay ) it is a small matter to content phantasies with feathers . i answere , it it a matter of farre greater consequence than is conceiued : for , first it embaseth those degrees of honor which chiefly should allure right martiall mindes , and makes them seeme vile , when they are so common as they fall to the the lot of persons vnworthy such degree , and so grow in contempt ; and not affected after by the true honourable mindes : besides wanting maintenance for the due port of that place , they are enforced to bee patrons to all or many of those disorders and abuses before mentioned , vnlesse they would choose to vndoo themselues and friends to maintaine it otherwise , which fewe i thinke now a daies vse to doo . farther hauing once taken a greater name , they disdain euer after to serue in any inferiour calling , fitter indeede for their experience : and so become persons altogether vnprofitable , and to maintaine those glorious names enforced ( by shift of braine ) to trie conclusions : and so by all these meanes the cause of greater inconueniences . i conclude therefore by all these reasons before alleaged , and the successe of plaine experience also ( both of old time , and in our owne age ) that as it is more honourable for the prince , and most necessary for the aduancement of the seruice , to haue all chiefe needefull commaunders to haue such compleat entertainment , as they may ( without extortion or corruption in themselues , or alteration of abuses in others ) maintaine their place with reputation , and execute martiall discipline with seuerity . so discharging their duties honorably and honestly they shal saue at least one third part of the royal or publike treasure , and yet the forces ( though not in shew of ensignes to scare dawes ) yet in armed hands to conquer enemies farre more strong and puissant than those multitudes of colors farced with freebooters or other seely vnarmed ghosts or disordered mutinous persons , that by licentious education will scarcely endure the paines of watch and ward , or abide the due execution of any true martiall discipline . and as these superiour gouernours and commaunders ( doing their duties ) are worthie of all reputation , credite , aduauncement , and honour : so contrariwise , after they haue conuenient entertainment , if they shall be found the patrones or pandars to such corruptions and abuses as tend to the ruine of all true discipline militare , i would wish them disgraded , and with all shame disarmed as vncapable euer after to their graue , of any true martiall honour . and for proofe of this proposition in all the chiefe officers also of an armie , for a taste of the rest hauing chosen to treate of the martiall censor , or generall comptroler of musters . i say there are of this kinde of officers ( as likewise of all others ) two sorts : the one , honest , iust , fearing god , & respecting the honour , commoditie , and aduauncement of their princes seruice . the other , neither iust , nor honest , nor possessed with any feare or reuerence of god : but ( ayming onely at fauour , wealth , and aduauncement in this corrupt world ) care not what becomes of the seruice , so they may by any meanes enrich themselues , and purchase friends to backe them in all their vnhonest proceedings . but more briefely or plainly to set forth the different or repugnant pathes of these two sorts of officers , i cannot better than by these briefe conferences of the good and bad ensuing . a conference of a good and bad muster-maister , with his inferiour commissaries of musters , by the fruites to discerne the tree . the good. this officer will not willingly serue , but with such a competent & conuenient entertainment both for himselfe and for his inferiour commissaries , clerkes , and substitutes , as hee neede not take bribe or beneuolence , or depend on the fauour of any , but the generall alone . this officer will bee in his expences temperate , rather sparing than wasting : that hee bee not by want enforced to straine his conscience , and deceaue his prince . this officer seeketh by all meanes to cause the generall to establish lawes and ordinances , whereby orderly entrances and discharges of souldiers may bee registred , and thereby neither the prince , nor the souldier abused . this officer deliuereth these lawes to his inferiour commissaries with other strait particular instructions , and calleth them to account how they haue discharged their duties . this officer will not set down any penny check certaine vpon any captaine or band without apparant proofe : and for such as cannot bee decided , wil respite them to farther triall , that neither prince , captaine , nor souldier be defrauded or iniured . this officer if any such doubt arise in the checques as hee cannot determine by the lawes established , hee either desireth the resolution of the general , or that it may bee determined by a counsell at warre , or some commissioners , especiallie aucthorized to assist him . this officer ( if the captains shew any reasonable cause to be relieued out of the checques , either in respect of the losse of horse , or armour in seruice , or such like that deserueth consideration ) hee presenteth his proofes thereof , together with his checke to the lo : generall , desiring his lordship to haue honorable cōsideration thereof . this officer ( if hee see ouermuch familiaritie betweene anie of his commissaries and captaines ) is presently iealous of them , and calleth them to account : and if hee finde them conniuent or faultie , presently displaceth them , or if he finde no other proofe but vehement suspition , yet remoueth them to another garrison , and placeth such other in their roomes , as may sift and examine their former behauiour . this officer , as hee would not ( to gaine a million ) doo anie captaine apennie wrong , so wil he not for the fauour of the greatest persons in the armie , or his neerest kinne or friends staine his conscience to abuse his prince one pennie : and therfore presents the checque truly as he findes it , and leaues all fauour to be shewed by the lord generall onely . this officer procureth orders also to bee established for trayning of the souldiers , and himselfe requireth the captaines to performe them : and to encourage men to doo well , will not spare out of his owne purse to giue rewards to such shott as by proofe hee findes the best marke-men . this officer will not accept penny nor penni-worth of any captaine , or souldier , more , than the fee due to his office , and that not as a beneuolence secretly , but as his due openly . this officer reposing himselfe onely on god and his cleere conscience , laboreth not to make other friends but his prince and generall : and for the generall himselfe will not straine his conscience any way , though hee bee sure of many enemies and small backbiting and euen to his prince for faithfull seruice store of false backebitings : yea the swanne must bee made a crowe , and the faulcon a bussard . this officer as hee is thus precise himselfe as neyther to giue penny for such an office , nor to receiue bribe or beneuolence more than due fees : so maketh hee a matter of conscience whilest hee carrieth such office to giue to any of his honourable friendes any present , lest they or others should haue cause to suspect , hee did it to bee borne-out in any lewde action . the bad. this officer careth not howe little entertainment certaine hee haue for himselfe or his substitutes : presuming hee can make what gaine hee list of his office : & make such friends thereby also , as may beare him out of his lewdnes . &c. such an officer hauing so good meanes to get immeasurablie by playing the good-fellowe , wil spend infinitely , especially in keeping company with such as must ioyne with him in deceauing the prince . such an officer can no more abide lawes and ordinances in musters , than lucrous captaine , saying , it barreth the officer of his discretion , whereby the office ought to be directed , & braue men gratified . such an officer likes none of these strict courses , saying , among martiall men a man must play the good-fellowe , and not to be too pinching of a princes purse . such an officer calleth this examination nice curiositie , and sayeth , so there bee some checques for fashion sake it is no matter : make them little enough that the captaines be not angry , and all is well . one good-fellowe must pleasure another . such an officer saith , it is great folly to loose that prerogatiue of his office , to resolue these doubts as he sees cause ; and to subiect him selfe to commissioner that is maister of the musters himselfe . such an officer will bee chauncellor himselfe , & neuer trouble the lord generall with these matters , who hath matters of greater importance to thinke vpon : saying , princes purses may not be spared , & braue men must be rewarded , & officers must get loue & honor by dealing bountifully . such an officer likes none of these seuere iealousies , but liketh well such officers as be plausible and gratefull to the captaines , knowing the captaines bee liberall , and will not be vngratefull to him , seeing hee mindes and hath good meanes to requite their curtesie tenne folde out of the princes purse . such an officer , being of another molde , will none of these melancholie courses : hee will pleasure his friends , and crosse his enemies , and make them know he is an officer can please or displease thē : but displease he will not for all that , and for his excuse alledgeth that princes cookes may giue a good fellowe a piece of beefe , and the butlers or cellarers a cup of wine or beere , and that he wil shew his friends a cast of his office . such an officer will none of this , saying , it is but a turmoyling of captaines and souldiers , and intruding on the captaines offices to offend and discontent them , and that braue men should not be comptroled , or the imperfection of their souldiers discouered by such open exercises , and that such expences are foolish , and make more enemies than friends . such an officer wil accept any thing money or ware , so it come secretly : and like a good-fellow will ( on the princes purse ) requite it tenfolde , as easily he may doo , and none but his fellowetheeues able to accuse him . such an officer will not onely for the generall , but for any other person of authority strain his conscience any way , and to all other captaines also so kinde and liberall of his princesse her maiesties purse , as he is generally extolled for a braue man ; an honorable officer , an honorable minde , yea & his prince also whom he deceiues horribly shal be perswaded the daw is an eagle , & the cucko a nightingale . such an officer hath no melancholy conceipt , but as hee will take lastly , so will hee giue frankly to thē that cā beare him out : and such a one as captains , collonels , great officers and all shall extoll , how shall his prince but like of too , considering the more he robs , the more friends he maks , & the more he shal be praised : so as if there were no god , the honest were indeed to be begged for a right natural foole . but this conference of either kinde i hope it appeareth plainly both how many enemies the honest must of necessitie in this age of militarie corruptions drawe vpon him : and likewise how great a multitude of friends the vnhonest may make by their confederacy with others of that humor in robbing of the prince or publique treasure : and therefore how necessarie it is that aswell the honest bee honoured with entertainment and maintenance answerable to their reputation and credit of their place , as the contrarie well sifted and extraordinarily punished in terror of abuse . but as it is apparantly best for the honor of any prince or state to haue this honest office so backed with honourable entertainment & authority as he may boldly without feare or regard of any offence controll fraud , thereby to enforce all captains to keep their bands compleat , or dul to checke their defaults aswell for armes as men : so is it also asmmuch for the profit & benefit of the king prince , or state ( in respect of the sauing of their teasure , which no way in the world shall bee so extremely and vnprofitably wasted , as by the ignorance , confederacie or abuses of these officers , if they be vnskilful , base-minded or dishonest : as none can better testifie ( if they wil truly confesse their errors ) than the states of the low-countries , who i think haue had ful exeperiēce of the extreme mischief ensuing by imploymēt of base cōmissaries with poore wages , in place of so great trust & importāce . but somwhat to say of our own nation , omitting theirs , i thinks there is no indifferent person but will confesse , that in the earle of leycesters time of gouernment , the english bands generally in the queens pay ( a very few excepted ) were maintained euer farre stranger than eyther before or since , and great reason it should be so : for as neither her maiestie , nor any prince of europe euer paid more iustly and honorably than in his time , hauing euery foure or six moneths at farthest till the last , a full pay : so was there also so facile & easie meanes for all captains in her m. pay frō time to time thē stil to supply & reinforce their bands without the captains charges , as neuer was neither before nor since . for besids the , footbdās & cornets of horse ( by contract in her ma. pay ) there was euer at the charge of the countrey also many other english ensignes all the earle of leicesters time , somewhile , somtime fortie , and sometime , ensignes at a time , which being by the states as extreme badly paid then , as the queenes maiesties were honorably & well : any english souldier that could get out of their bands into the ensignes of her maiestie thought themselues aduanced from hel to heauen . hereof it came to passe that all the earle of leicesters time the captains in her maiesties pay needed not to send into england for souldiers at great charge , for their leuying , arming , & transporting to supply their bands as since they haue : but continually suite was made vnto thē by souldiers of this ill paid voluntary bands to be receiued into the queens maiesties pay : for those soldiers would rather frely forgiue their own pay to their captains , thā tary in the states pay , if they could obtain a place in any of her ma : bands : and so the captains of her maiesties bands ( without any charge at all ) had meanes then still to maintaine and keepe their ensignes compleat , which ( neither before nor since ) they euer could ( without their charges in sending for and transporting of new souldiers out of england ) for the which they can haue no allowance but vpon speciall petition to her maiestie . farther the earle in his time of gouernment tooke such courses to make the captaines keepe their bandes strong , as neuer were before nor since . for at the first , finding many bands of fooftemen left vnto him extream weake , not . souldiers in a band of . and halfe a doozen such bands at one muster and one place : his excellency gaue a generall day to all captaines in her maiesties list to haue their bands reinforced strong , or else to be checked according to to their weaknes at the next future muster : as they should likewlse for his time receiue the benefit for the time past , not to bee checked , if they were found compleat , and strong for seruice at that their appointed day . this generally made them all , or the greatest part contend , who might reinforce their bands strongest . againe his excellency ( being both gouernour for the states , and generall for her maiestie ) had the commaundement of both forces , and thereby caused musters generall in his time to bee alwaies made of all souldiers in euery garrison at one instant : whereby the souldiers in the states pay could not fraudulently bee lent or borrowed to fill the queenes bands at musters , as otherwise they might haue doone . there was also such ordinances for musters established by his excellency as neuer the like in those prouinces ( or better in any other ) can be shewed , to enforce the captaines that for feare of due checke ( if for their owne credit any reputation otherwise they would not ) to keep their bands compleat : by which precedents the states haue since much reformed their militia . and with all so honourable entertainment allowed the muster-master general at that time , as ( if he would haue but winked willingly at corruptions ) he had beene worthie of all shame and blame : who thereby ( hauing conuenient meanes , carrying a seuere hand ( according to his dutie ) to execute his office iustly , was so maligned of the licentious sort of captaines , as they would vow to keepe their bands more than compleat , rather than he should haue a penny checke out of their bands toward his entertainment , the honest therefore and honourable ( for their owne commendation ) and the licentious and malignant ( for feare of checke and enuie against the muster-master ) contend all , who might keepe their bands fairest . and yet i thinke there will bee found more checks certaine , notwithstanding in the earles gouernment fiuefolde for respectiue time , than other before or after ; when the bands were farre weaker , besides the checkes respited to farther examination , which would haue amounted vnto much more , if by conning practises they had not procured his disgrace . but as the bestowing some time of a thousand or two thousand pounds a yeare on the maintaining of sluces and milles for the drayning of marshes , may in some leuelles by clearing of the waters encrease their goodnesse & value of their grounds twentie thousand pounds a yeare to be bestowed on these necessarie engines may leaue them so insufficient as they shall not bee able to drayne the waters . and thereby the whole leuell of marshes improfitable , or many score thousand of pounds in their value yearely lost . so fareth it in the due maintenance of these important officers in causes militarie . the like i say of the marshall and serieant-generall , and many other , who if they haue wil and skil to execute their duties without regard of offence to the bad and licentious in matter of iustice , and vse their office as they ought , to aduance the profit and seruice of the prince ( which without compotent and honourable entertainment is not to bee expected ) they may not onely be able ten-folde in the aduancement of the seruice to deserue their wages , but euen ( in sauing of treasure ) requite it ten-folde also . and therefore soundly may conclude , that neither the sparing of seede by the fond husbandman , nor the pinching of pence before mentioned by the miserable merchant , in the rigging and furnishing of his ship , nor want of due allowance for drayning of marshes by conuenient engines is halfe so fond and absurd , as the omitting of such necessarie officers in martiall causes , or the sparing of such entertainment as should enable them to discharge their offices iustly and honourably , that by corrupt and lucrous pettie companions may be managed to the extreme robbing of the prince , and confusion of all true martiall discipline . for euen as in this office of censor or comptroller-generall of musters a corrupt person may with farre greater gaine giue his prince two thousand pounds a yeare to farme that office thā an honest officer can take two thousand pounds yearely entertainment for him and his substitutes faithfully to discharge it : so shall the , pounds giuen by the prince to such a one , bee ten-folde more gainfull and beneficiall to his seruice , than the . pounds taken : which by due consideration of the frauds and deceipts practized , and by mee at large in a particular treatise thereof alreadie reuealed , and hy the very triall or experiences alreadie made ( duely weighed ) will euidently appeare . and therefore may truly say , that aswell for the profit of all princes and states , as for the honour and aduancement of the seruice , it is fit this officer ( as likewise all other officers or commaunders of like importance and necessitie ) should haue such conuenient entertainement for the reputation of their place , as they may ( without feare or regard of any ) syncerely censure and controll all deceipts and abuses , by whom soeuer they finde then boulstered or patronized . and hauing indeed such allowance as the reputation of their place requireth , if any such be found ( for any respect ) to become partie or pander of such corruptions and robberies , whereby the royall treasure should bee vnduly wasted , the forces enfeabled and martiall discipline corrupted tanquam reum lasae maiestatis , i would haue such a one exemplarly to bee corrected with all blame and shame . and for a finall conclusion of this true paradox may confidently confirme . that the most thriftie , and sparing course that any prince or state can take to continue a warre , ( without wasting of their treasure , or ouer-burdening of their subiects with intollerable taxes ) is still to allow all necessary commaunders , officers , captaines , and souldiers such conuenient , large , and sufficient entertainment , as men of true value and honestie may indeed rest therewith contented : and then to execute seuere martiall discipline on all frauds , robberies , and extorsions , without respect of persons . the second paradox . that the antique romane and graecian discipline martiall doth farre exceede in excellency our modern , notwithstanding all alterations by reason of that late inuention of artillerie , or fire-shott . and that ( vnlesse wee reforme such corruptions as are growne into our moderne militia , vtterly repugnant to the ancient ) wee shall in time loose vtterly the renowne and honour of our nation , as all other also that haue or shall commit or tollerate like errors . whereas among many captaines and commaunders of the newe moderne martiall discipline , it is maintained for a maxime : that all ancient romane or graecian militarie lawes and orders of the field ( aswell for gouernment , as trayning of their souldiers ) are for the warres of our age meere mockeries , and that the fury of the ordinance and other rare . inuentions of our time is such , as hath enforced a necessarie change of discipline and order in all those matters : i thinke it fit to open the error and absurditie of this opinion , held eyther of such as of ignorance discommend that they neuer vnderstood , or vnaduisedly are miscaried with the authoritie of others , or of malitious subtilty seeke to aduance such opinions , as may reduce all martiall actions to a turbulent confusion , whereby such corrupt , base minded persons ( as seeke the warres for gaine ) may excessiuely enrich themselues , euen with the ruine of their countrey . i therefore to the contrarie auerre : that neither the furie of ordinance , nor any other like inuentions of this our age , hath or can worke any such alteration : but that the auncient discipline of the romane and martiall graecian states , ( euen for our time ) are rare and singuler praecedents . and that many such customes as wee haue taken vp ( contrarie to those honorable and right martiall praecedents ) will worke our vtter shame and confusion , if we should encounter with such warlike troops and souldiers as their discipline then bred : and yet not impossible but facile for any king in his owne realme ( especially of our nation ) by those ancient praecedents to select and frame a militia as farre surmounting in value vulgar moderne as the lacedemonian , the macedonian , or any other graecian did the effeminate persian , who in sundrie battailes haue vanquished them when in number they were double , treble , yea manifold the greater , and in wealth and riches farre exceeding . and to enter into the opening of this truth ( so much repugnant to the conceipt generally receiued of the greater multitude professing armes ) first i say , that like as in all other artes and sciences it is a matter of verie great importance to haue sure grounds and true principles without abuse or error . so in this art military ( whereupon dependeth not onely the liues of so great multitudees , but also the defence or ruine of the greatest realmes & monarchies ) it were to be wished that men were not to be misled with such false and fraudulent opinions as may bring-forth fruits most poysonous and perrilous . seeing therefore by the ciuill warres which haue risen in this our age , diuers disorders haue spung vp , and for want of abilitie to make due pay to souldiers , the generals and chiefe commaunders to haue beene enforced to tollerate many abuses which in time haue growne vsuall , and by vse of some disciples ( bred in such lawlesse discentions ) not onely learned and practised , but peruersely maintained to bee not onely tollerable , but also laudable , yea farre excelling the auncint discipline of the romane and greeke armies . this error because it tendeth to the aduancing of vice : and defacing of vertue , to the extolling of many corrupt new practised abuses and licentious delicacies , and the reiecting or contemning of the sober painefull , strict , seuere , and sacred militarie discipline of the antiquitie . i thinke it fit to touch some principall points , wherein the moderne militia ( which i reprooue ) doth dissent from the antiquitie ( which i commend ) and propone as a praecedent for vs to imitate : that any souldier of iudgement ( not caried wilfully with corrupt affection ) may see , how farre awrie they are , that somuch extoll the one , or disdainefully contemne the other . but first ( lest i bee misconceiued ) i must explaine a little farther , my meaning not to bee precisely to binde our nation , or any other , to the same very rules or lawes which the romanes or any graecian state was ruled by , which most florished in martiall prowesse , i thinke the same as great an error as that of some diuines , who would haue all nations ruled by the verie same politique lawes and paynes that moyses praescribed to the iewes or people of israell . for albeit those diuine lawes were prescribed by the infinite wisedome of god himselfe , and for those people ( no doubt ) the most conuenient , yet , as times , and states , and dispositions of nations are variable and different , so may the paines or punishments bee made more seuere or remisse , as the magistrates and choise members of each state , ( assembling as physitions to cure the maladies growing in the bodie of their realmes ) shall finde conuenient : so as they make nothing lawfull that is by lawes diuine prohibited , for that were flat impietie . so say i also , there is in the discipline militarie of those martiall states-antique , many things , which ( according to the nature and disposition of our people ) wee may mitigate or encrease , alter or accommodate . but the dissent in the verie chiefe grounds and principall axiomes of the art martiall ( as such men of warre of the new discipline doo ) i holde it a daungerous error , and fit to bee effectually regarded , and speedily reformed . neyther is it any part of my meaning , and to taxe or reprooue all generals , commaunders , collonels or captaines that serue in these our moderne warres , as men corrupted or depraued with these erronious opinions . for my selfe in mine owne experience haue knowne many , that highly esteeme the auncient and true martiall discipline , and condemne as much the intollerable abuses that haue growne in by the late intestine & ciuill discentions . as in france , how much that worthie prince of condie and admirall shattilion abhorred those disorders which in their time began ( and are since growne to their ripenesse or rather full rottennesse ) may partly appeare by their campe-lawes , sauouring altogether of the antique true martiall discipline , as farre forth as the corruptions of this age , and their wantes to pay their troopes would permit . as by that i haue at-large set-downe in my stratioticos touching their militarie lawes , more manifestly will appeare . likewise in the militarie treatize of that famous generall , guillame de bellay seignior le langey of discipline military , more euidentlye dooth appeare : howe much hee disliked also of the corrupt customes in his time , growne into the warres of france , and how hee laboured to reduce it to the perfection of those auncient martiall states , that for many hundred yeares together ( hauing made that art and profession , and thereby mightily aduanced their realmes in fame , honour , and wealth , and also encreased their territories ) had indeed attained to the high perfection thereof . how much also that famous prince of orange disliked with these moderne abuses ( albeit for want of meanes to pay , and also authoritie sufficient to gouerne as hee would , hee were enforced to tollerate in his mercenary commaunders many of those corruptions ) my selfe know by that i haue diuerse time , heard , euen from his owne mouth , besides that appeareth otherwise by his remonstrances and military ordinances . the like i could say of many of our owne nation , men of honour , experience and value , that both know and acknowledge how necessarie it were to haue a reformation of moderne abuses , and restitution of true martiall discipline , but are loath to make themselues odious to such multitudes , as ( hauing beene bred-vp in those base , easie , corrupt lucrous customes ) would extremely hate such a gouernour , or commaunder as should crosse their profit , and in his owne regiment first with seueritie begin such reformation : which is indeed not to bee performed but by the authoritie and maiestie of a prince and royall state , that is able both to pay and punish . so farre am i therefore from condemning all commaunders of this age , eyther of our owne nation or theirs , for patrones of these moderne corruptions and basterdly degenerate souldierie , as cleane contrariwise in mine owne experience and knowledge i can cleare many : hauing my selfe knowne and conferred with diuers of our owne nation that asmuch abhorre them , as that famous souldier of france mounsier de la nôe , whom i haue my selfe also heard , aswel in his priuate speeches , as since in his military discourses discouer his extreme dislike of such our modern vnsouldierly corruptions , which neuerthelesse my selfe saw hee was in part inforced to tollerate , euen then , when hee was martiall of that mighty armie by the states leuied against don iohn de austria , and the prince of parma in brabant vtterly against his will and liking . i can therefore the lesse blame any such of our nation , as beare for a time with these errors , when they see ( by contending for redresse without sufficient authoritie ) they shall little preuaile , and yet make themselues extreme odious . but for such as will not onely tollerate , but ( of purpose to make profit by them ) will impudently maintain their moderne costomes good , and better for this age , than the auncient , as i know them most hurtfull members , so i cannot but wish such bad patriotts reformed by better reason , or in time reiected as infected sheepe , that are able with their leprosie and infection to corrupt great multitudes , to the excessiue danger of their prince and state. first therefore to shew some principall points , wherein the moderne militia i speake of , dissenteth from the ancient by mee commended , i say . it was a very laudable custom of antiquity to haue in their states or realmes cōscriptos milites their chosen enrolled souldiers , not of the base , loose , abiect , vnhonest sort , by cornelius tacitus wel termed purgamenta vrbiū suarū , but of the honest , well-bred , and renowned burghers and other country inhabitants that had some liuing , art , or trade to liue vpon when the warres were finished , aswell to haue them practized and trained in all martial exercises before they came to deale with their enemies : as also that hauing somewhat to loose , they more dutifully and obedienly behaue themselues during the seruice . and hauing whereupon to liue when the warres were done , neede not commit such pickories , extorsions , and outrages , as the common crew of such caterpillers and vermine doo : as , ( hauing nothing at home to loose , or art to liue , ) seeke the warres onely ( like free-booters ) for rauine and spoile . i say , it was also a commendable custome in those states and common-weales to choose captaines and commaunders of credit and account in their countries , cities , or townes , that might traine and exercise neighbours in all martiall and militarie exercises at home , before they led them to the warres : whereby the very children in those states ( only by looking on ) knew farre better both the vse of euerie sort of weapon , and how to march and raunge themselues into any forme of battell , yea , how to defend themselues ( like souldiers ) from euery kinde of charge or assault of their enemies , farre better i say than many of our braue men that haue haunted such licentious warres or pickories many a yeare . i say also that it was a commendable course to make such choise of captaines in those antique warres ( as being men of reputation of the same countrey or citie from whence their souldiers were leuied , might haue the greater care to performe their duties towards their countrimen and neighbours , among whom they should liue at their returne from the warres , and thereby receiue euer after vnto their death from them and their friends , eyther conuenient praise and loue , or infamie and hatred as their gouernement had merited ) so in these daies that the captaines are become not onely the leaders , but also the pagadores or pay-masters of their bandes , there is greater cause to haue them chosen not onely of skill and reputation , but also of abilitie to aunswere an accompt of such treasure as shall come to their handes , for the payment of their souldiers : seeing otherwise ( if they bee base-minded corrupt persons ) they may full easily wrong , starue , and waste their souldiers many waies , to make their owne profit by their death and consumption of their band , especially where fraudes in musters by lewde custome shall also growe tollerable . for if any such captaines bee chosen as eyther haue nothing of their owne at home to liue vpon , or neuer meane to turne into the countrey , whereas the souldiers were leuied , to receiue from them and their friendes the honour or infamy , the loue or hatred that their behauiour hath merited what hope is there that such a one will leaue the excessiue sweete gaine hee may make by the fliecing or rather flaying of his flocke , and not ( according to the moderne discipline ) scrape and rake-in what hee may to liue afterward : hauing neither land liuing , nor art otherwise to maintaine himselfe when the warres are done . likewise where captaines were rightly chosen of such reputation and credit as is before repeated , that they had a speciall care in health and sicknesse to prouide things necessarie to preserue the liues of their souldiers ( being their tenaunts or neighbours , that euer after to their death would honour and loue them for it , and the kindred and friends of those souldiers also , whensoeuer it came to any fight with the enemie , they were euer most assured and faithfull to such leaders , and they likewise to them . in such sort as it was almost impossible to breake such a knot ef vnited mindes : but being otherwise leuied ( as too too commonly in our moderne warres hath beene accustomed , where the captaine neither knowes his souldiers , nor the souldiers their captain before the seruice , nor euer meane to meete againe when the warres are ended ) as the loue is small betweene them , so is their fidelitye and confidence much lesse . and as the captaine taketh small care to prouide for them eyther in health or sicknesse for any necessaries to preserue liues , so haue as smal deuotion to aduenture their liues for him or his honour ( to whom indeed the chiefe reputation of their good seruice alwaies should redound ) but rather in all encounters with the enemie , how to make shift by flight to saue their liues . if then these kinde of captains also ( very prouidently foreseeing the worst which is likely to happen ) will not bee vnprouided of a beast , to run-away , trusting rather to the legs of his horse than to all the hands in his band : what can bee conceiued ? but that heereof chiefely it comes to passe , that in these moderne warres wee heare of so many violent retraits , ( for so in their new discipline they terme that which in the olde warres was called shamefull flight ) i meane when the captaine and some of his officers spur-away on horsebacke , and the rest throwe away both armour and weapons to leape ditches the more lightly , and are shamfully slaine without resistance : and many times by multitudes ( pressing to get boats ) do drowne themselues . now whether such accidents bee too vsuall or no , i referre it to their owne consciences that most boldly will commend this base moderne discipline . and if it be true whether there bee any more likely cause thereof than the diffidence before recited betweene the captaine and his souldiers , and the want of shame ( which in the antique souldiery was euer accounted the highest vertue ) but now by depraued custome in our licentious degenerate warres vtterly lost and abandoned : and such accounted brauest men that are become of all others the most impudent . i say also it was a most honorable order to haue it punished with great shame in any souldier to lose or throw-away his armes , being held among the graecians a perpetuall disgrace for any priuate souldier so much as to loose his target . but if now both captaines and some chiefe commaunders also of the moderne new militia will bee much offended to haue any of their band so much as checked by the censor or muster-master for lacke of his curates or caske . and to encourage either to leaue their armes , wil seldome themselues euer weare any , but take it for a great brauerie and magnanimitie in seruice to bee seene vnarmed . what shall i say but that indeed ( for them that neuer meane to fight , but to escape by flight ) to bee the lighter for a swift carrier , it is a verie politique inuention and a gainfull discipline . it was also an honourable course of antiquitie ( besides the choise of the captaines of such credit in their townes & countries at their entring also into seruice ) to binde them and their souldiers all with a sacred solemne militarie oath , being holden no better than a thiefe or free-booter that followed the warres , vnlesse hee were enrolled vnder some ensigne , and had receiued his militare oath , whereby hee vowed both obedience and fidelitie , and rather to die than dishonourably to abandon his leader and ensigne . but in such new discipline these ceremonies are scoffed at , and captaines chosen sutable to their loose depraued soulderie , it was also a laudable custome to haue the captaine cary his own armes in his ensigne , besides the ensignes of the regiments which were among the romans alway eagles . and that hee that lost his ensigne should bee held a disgraced man , not fit to carrie armes till hee had wonne like honour againe . but now in our new militia in stead of ensignes we haue learned to carry colours , because many captaines perhaps are yet to winne their armes , and thereby make small account to loose their maisters colours , which may bee one cause ( among many other ) that the spaniard within these or yeares can make his vant of the taking of more english ensignes , than i thinke they could truly these yeares before . it was also a most laudable discipline , wherby men from their infancye were taught in those martiall schooles rather resolutely in the field to die , than to saue their liues by flight , the mothers detesting and abhorring their owne children that saued their liues by flying : yea and some with their owne hands doing execution on such children of their own as were fugitiues , rather than they would haue so dishonourable a monument ( as they said ) to their parents and country to walke vpon the earth . but if in our moderne militia this error bee thought so small , as many such braue men will among their cups vsually vaunt thereof , and recount at how many places they haue fled and runne away : taking as it were a glory to tell who had fled fastest , the chaunge is ouer great . as in the ancient martial states it was ( euen in a priuate souldier ) held a perpetuall shame to haue ronne away , or somuch as onely abandoned his ranke wherein hee was placed ( vnlesse it were to step forward into the place of his precedent fellow slaine ) so in a captaine or superiour commander it is much more dishonorable and shamefull : which hath caused many famous generals ( that ful easily might haue escaped & saued themselues ) vtterly to refuse horses offered , and all other meanes to flye , and haue voluntarily sacrifized themselues with their souldiers . but if in our new militia many braue souldiers ( as they are tearmed by their owne crewe ) will not shame to vaunt : in how many places they haue escaped by flight ( belike of zeale to fight againe for their countrey ) the change indeed is great . in the antique militia it was a shame for a leader or commaander of footmen to bee seene mounted on any horse of seruice , but eyther a foote , or for his ease ( being wearied ) on some small nagge , which no man could suspect was any way reserued to escape by flight . but if in such moderne militia ye shal haue both captaines and collonels on horses of swift carrier mounted , and brauely leading their men euen to the place of butcherie , and then to take their leaue ( vnder pretence to fetch supplies ) the discipline is greatly altered . and yet these shamelesse fugitiues perhaps highly commending one another ( when the valiant men that resolutely died in the place , by slaunderous inuentions shall be lewdly defaced ) these fugitiues i say may bee aduanced , and the valiant disgraced , or at least buried in obliuion . in these antique martiall commonweales they vsed to make statuas and epigrams in their honour that resolutely died in the field for the seruice of their countrey : and detested such base minded cowards as saued thēselues by flight . but if contrariwise wee burie their names in obliuion that valiantly died in the field , and extoll fugitiues , and thinke them not vnworthy of new charges : there is a great alteration indeed of martiall discipline . in the auncient martiall states and monarchies , there were publike places of exercise , where the youth ( before they went to the warres ) vsed to inure thēselues to more heauie armes and weapons farre than the vsuall for seruice , making thereby their ordinarie armes seeme light and easie to them . but if such patrones of the new discipline scoffe at these painefull exercises ( because they neyther trouble thēselues nor the souldiers with the wearing of such armes ) it seemeth that as they of the antiquity prepared themselues to fight and conquer . so these moderne commaunders to escape and carowse with the dead paies of their slaine souldiers . the antique martiall discipline was to range their souldiers into forme of battaile by due proportions of rankes , teaching the succeeding rankes ( where any of the former were slaine ) to reinforce their places maintaining their first ranks still full with armed handes of fighting men in martiall order . but if such ringleaders of the moderne pudled discipline , as would haue all brought into a confusion , scoffe at such order & ordinances , & say , there is no better way to make a battaile than aduance pikes , & make their souldiers runne in and fil them : and that all other arithmeticall rules ( for speedie dispatch thereof ) are vnfeazible toyes , because their owne skills will not reach it as a matter they neuer set their wits vpon . whether they were fitter to fould sheepe , or embattell souldiers i leaue it to the censure of honourable & right martiall commaunders . the discipline was to reduce their armies into sondrie battalions and sundry seuerall frounts whereby the general and his chiefe officers and collonels might orderly bring new succours to fight , and relieue such as were tired or weakned by slaughter , and so to renue many fights upon the enemy still with corragious fresh men till they had entier victorie . and for that cause had they so many fronts and seuerall kinde of commaunders , as turmarum praefectos , ouer their principes , hastatos & triarios : tribunos militum also drungarios or chiliarchas , turmarchas merarchas , celerum praefectos , and many others as in my stratioticos is set down more lagely for their fanterie onely : whereon those right martiall nations reposed their chiefest trust , and yet no idle leaders or officers , but euerie one to so necessarie a purpose as they might not conueniently bee spared . but if such men of warre of the new mould scoffe at all these ordinances and supplies , saying : a battell is woon and lost in the twinkling of an eye at the first ioyning , and therefore needlesse : wee may indeede confesse it too true , where they bring their braue men like flocks of sheepe hudle confused to fight , or rather to flight : the battaile is many times indeed gotten before the crossing of pikes . the terror onely of armes glistering is sufficient to scare such pilfering vnsouldierlike freebooters . the auncient discipline was euer to encampe their souldiers close together strongly , and so orderly to deuide their quarters , and set downe their regiments : as their campe was like a well fortified towne , where ten-times so many enemies durst not assault them . but our new discipline , to lodge our armie in villages farre and wide a sunder , as euery captaine may be prouided most for his ease and commoditie like pettie princes , and thereby in no place more easily defeated than in their owne lodgings . the auntient martiall men thought it not dishonourable with their owne hands to entrench their capms . and their great generals would take the shouell in hand themselues when occasion so required . but our braue men of the new discipline disdaine to bee pioners , and will rather lodge abroad in villages at their pleasure and ease like gallant fellowes , where they may take their pleasure , and carouse lustily . the auncient discipline reposed their chiefe confidence in their fanterie , whom they so trained , armed and ordered : as twentie or thirtie thousand footemen forced not of fiue times so many horsemen . but as our footmen of the new discipline are armed and ordered , a thousand horse is able to defeat fiue times as many such footmen . and yet might the footmen of our time carry weapons of farre greater aduantage against horse being well ordered , than were knowne in those daies . so great is the error of the martial discipline of our age among such leaders , as haue beene trayned-vp in freebooter warres , and haue vowed their seruice to their ladie picorea , being carelesse of any thing appertaining to victory and honour , respecting rather their owne priuate profit and commoditie . the auncient martiall discipline tended chiefely to this scope , to carry such an army to the field , as boldly durst march on all grounds , as well champion , as by straights . and in ordinance readie to fight with the enemie by their exercise , order , and assurance , not doubting of victorie . but the scope of such moderne discipline seemeth to bee rather to carrie men ( so lightly armed and loosely disciplined ) as they may bee nimble to stray abroad to picke and steale , and to escape by flight , when they are charged with any enemie of force . and as for losse of ensignes or shamefull flight , they make it a trifling matter , being readie to doe as much againe at any time . the auncient discipline would neuer suffer any souldiers to go abroad to spoile , but with leaders and commaunders to direct and guide them : hauing intelligence before hand , which quarters was best replenished with commodities needfull for the army , and then sent such forces as might not faile to set it in , or honourably defend themselues if they were encountred . but this new discipline will send their souldiers to spoile by handfuls , without captaine , lieutenant or ensigne to guide them : if they get any pickorie , the captaine hath his share : but if their throats bee cut , the captaine will haue their pay , aswell due before their death as after , by mustering them absent , &c , til the muster-master discouer it . and whereas such a captaine should bee disarmed , and by the prouost hanged for such abuse : by this new discipline hee will raile at the muster-master lustely , if hee cheeke him onely the stollen pay . the auncient true martiall discipline was , that all prayes ( so orderly in the warres takē ) should be brought to one place ; where magistrates and officers of purpose appointed should dispose thereof for the ransoming of prisoners , and the remounting of such as had their horses slaine in seruice , and for reward aswell of those that made the stand , as of those that fet in the pray . but in our new discipline it is catch who catch may , and no order in the world for distribution of the pray for any publique vses , nor for redemption of prisoners , or remounting of such as in seruice lost their horses . the auncient discipline was that no armed man on paine of death should step out of his ranke in time of seruice , to catch or spoile , which they easily obeyed , because by their martiall discipline then , they had as good reward out of the pray ( that stood in battaile armed ) as the loose men that brought it in . but in our moderne warres ( where no such order is established , but catch who catch may ) there is nothing but confusion : which cannot be but to their vtter ruine and shame . whensoeuer such vnsouldierly freebooters shall encounter with any enemie of good gouernment . by the auncient discipline ( besides the reward of the souldiers which was left to the discretion of the generall ) there were euer great masses of treasure brought home to the publique treasurie to maintaine the future warres , and thereby no cesses or subsidies on the people for many yeares together , by reason of the treasure so saued and gained by their well disciplined warres . but if by our moderne discipline of land seruices the prince or state hath no benefit by the spoiles , but is riotously wasted among such freebooters and their assotiates and the best souldiers least part of the pray , and by such disordered warre , no ceasing of taxes or subsidies , but continuāce or rather encrease of both , in al realmes and states serued by such spoilers : it is easie to discerne which were the better discipline for the prince and people . by such auncient discipline kingdomes and states by their warres haue encreased their wealth , and their subiects haue growne more wealthie and mightie . but by our moderne warres both prince and subiects grow poore , & few of these vnruly vnsouldierlike free-booters ( how hugely soeuer they get by their corruptions or abuses ) grow wealthie by it , for , badly gotten is euer commonly worse spent . the scope of the auncient martiall discipline was chiefly to preserue the publique treasure of the coūtry , and to maintaine the warres on the treasure gotten by conquests on their enemies . but the scope of our moderne discipline seemeth to bee to enrich priuate captaines and commaunders , and to conuert both the spoiles & the wages of the souldiers also to their particular benefits . and so new taxes and subsidies of necessitie still on the people to maintaine the warres . the auncient generals and great commanders had their chiefest care how to preserue their own people which caused them so carefully to arme them , traine thē , and entrench them strongly , &c. saying the held it more honorable to saue one of their owne souldiers than to destroy ten enemies . as they likewise sought to make their souldiers and countrey wealthie , respecting nothing for themselues but the honour onely of well-doing . but in our moderne discipline it seemeth , the more of their souldiers are wasted and consumed , the richer grow such commanders as by deceipts in musters haue the conscience to conuert all the dead payes to their own profit : which wicked game of all other is most abhominable before god & perrilous to any state : the strength and glory of a prince onely consisting in the multitude and force of his people which are wasted and consumed by such moathes and caterpillers . these auncient worthie generals and commaunders in the field bent their wits and inuentions onely for such exploits as might be honourable and profitable to their countrey . but if commaunders of the new discipline deuise onely exploits to waste and consume the treasure of their prince or state : and care not ( to supply their owne prodigall expences ) though they spoyle their friends thereby , not onely doing their best to breake amitie and make more enemies to their prince and countrey , but also commit such foolish spoiles as their prince or state shall bee sure to repay again double and treble any commoditie or aide they receiued thereby . this abuse surely ought to bee amended . in those auncient right martiall states wee shall heare of generals and dictators ( after they had deposed kings conquered great princes , and brought home to the treasure of the countrey mightie masses of gold & siluer ) were neuerthelesse contēt to returne home to their poore houses , no whit enriched in wealth , but only in honour , liuing soberly and temperately as before on their priuate patrimony , and scarcely a peece of siluer-plate to be seene in their own houses , that haue brought in millions to their state and realme . but if in our moderne discipline wee shall see pettie commaunders ( that neuer brought into their princes realme or state the hundred part of any such masses of treasure , but rather haue had their share in wasting huge sums to little purpose ) to abound in brauery , wast infinitely in all kinde of vanities , that i say no worse , and more siluer dishes on their table than quintus dictator or scipio that conquered hanniball and razed carthage : it seemeth these men serue themselues , as the other did their countrey . wee may read of romane generals that by conquering some prouinces brought so great a masse of wealth to the publique treasurie of rome , that it ceased taxes , tributes , or subsidies there for many yeares . but if our moderne militia ( cleane contrarie ) doo still waste and consume the publique treasure , and bee the cause not of ceasing , but rather of encreasing of tributes or subsidies on their countrey , the difference of discipline indeed is great : but which were the better for the honour and commodity of our prince and countrey , is easie by the wise , honest , and right honourable to bee discerned . by the auncient discipline little macedonie conquered all the large and spacious orientall empire of the proud , rich , & populous persians : and that smal realme of rome subdued so many nations vnder their obedience in europe africke , and asia , and made tributarie so many mightie kings , as their monarchie was of the whole world admired : and that their discipline militarie was the chiefe or onely cause thereof : that famous romane emperour alexander seuerus in his oration to his souldiers declareth , saying . disciplina maiorum rempub. tenet , quae si dilabatur , et nomen romanum , & imperium amittemus . if then not onely by the censure or prophesie of that famous emperour , concerning , that state , but by verie experience also in our owne age of many others our neighbours round about vs , wee may plainely beholde the successe of this corrupt degenerate moderne militia , so repugnant to the auncient : it were wilfull blindnesse not to discerne which were the better . and no lesse negligence to permit the continuance of so daungerous a disease . wee shall also read of generals in those warlike common-weales , that so highly esteemed of the martial discipline of their nation , and were so zealous therein , as they would not haue it violated in the least point . as manlius torquatus that would haue executed his own sonne for encountring in particular combate with his enemie without leaue , and before the signall of battaile giuen ; albeit hee had the victorie and strake-of his enemies head in the sight of both armies , to the great encouragement of the romanes , and terrour of the contrarie side , that tooke that particular encounter as ominous for the successe of the battaile , as it fell indeed out , to the great honour of the romanes , and vtter ruine of their enemies . yet after the victorie this honourable and famous generall , considering the daunger that might haue fallen out if his sonne had not beene victorious , and that the discipline romane was broken by this attempt ( to fight without licence ) hee would not spare it in his owne sonne , but commaunded the serients to apprehend him , and ( after hee had beene whipped with rods ) to bee openly executed : wherein hee so constantly perseuered , as his whole victorious armie on their knees could scarcely obtaine his pardon . if then this breach of one point onely of militarie obedience ( committed of magnanimitie and noble courage , and aboundance of zeale to his countrey ) was in those daies so seuerely censured : as the father would not haue pardoned his owne sonne , notwithstanding by his happie successe also hee was the chiefest cause of that honourable victorie . what shall wee say of such ring-leaders of corruptions in the new discipline , as shall not of any such magnanimitie or haughtie courage or zeale to their countrey , but of a base , corrupt , and lucrous minde breake not one or two , but many points of martiall discipline , and therby not get victorie , but more than once or twice receiue those dishonourable foiles and disgraces , that for shame in those daies no priuate souldier would neuer returne home to abide the due shame and disgrace of . what can be said ? but that it is high time to haue these important errors looked into , least the same succeed heere , which in all other states haue done , where martiall discipline hath beene so neglected , and corruptions triumph vnpunished . it were infinite to recite all the disorders of our moderne warres , and would require a long treatise to lay-open all the commendable ordinances , customes , and prouisions of the famous graecian and romane armies , whereby they honoured and immortalized their generals , and amplified and enriched their states and countries . but these few notes may suffice to shew how great a difference there is betweene the one and the other . neither is it my meaning to call in question the doings of any particular persons , but onely to open the daungerous error of that opinion : that the loose customes of our time should be better than the auncient : or of such excellency as wee neede no reformation or amendement . for i doubt not by due consideration of these few by mee recited it is manifest how great a difference there is betweene that auncient discipline ( whereby meane and poore estates were aduāced to mighty monarchies ) and these moderne corruptions ( whereby flourishing states haue beene spoyled and defaced , and mightie realmes and empires brought to ruine . ) but because some patrones of these new corruptions ( for defence of their bad cause ) alleage : that the late famous inuention of great artillerie and fireshott , vnknowen to the antiquitie , and so farre surmounting all the auncient romane and graecian engines both in terror and effect ) hath necessarily enforced so great an alteration of armes , weapons , and militarie order , as the discipline also must cleane chaunge : i thinke it fit to set downe some of their chiefe and principall reasons . first therefore ( say they ) it is now to small purpose to weare armes , seeing the furie of the fireshott is such , as no armour is able to holde it out . it is vaine to make battailes or battalions in such order and forme ranked , as among the graecians or romanes were accustomed . because the furie of the great artillerie is such as it o●●●eth , breaketh and dissolueth all orders or ordinances that yee can imagine to make : and therefore experience hath taught us ( say they ) to leaue those massie bodies of armed battailes that serue but for buts for the great artillerie to play upon : and to seeke more nimble and light fanterie that may bee readie to take and leaue at their pleasure . and for the seueritie of discipline in the warres ( they say ) it is like the phrensie of some diuines , that would haue men in this world passe an angelicall life , without any fault or errors : which being so farre aboue the nature of man to performe : in aspiring to it many times they commit more foule and grosse faults than the vulgar sort , that neuer reach at such perfection : and thereby become ridiculous to the world as they also will bee that shall attempt such praecise discipline militarie , as is vtterly impossible to put in execution , and vnnecessarie for this our age , where weapons and orders of the warres are so altered and changed . these are the most effectuall reasons that euer i could heare alleaged on that side to maintaine their hereticall opinion . but as there is no cause so bad , but may by finenesse of wit be cleered and made appeare probable . so is there no doctrine so false but by craft & subtilty of mans inuentions shall bee made plausible and to appeare matter of good truth . these reasons indeed at the first appearance seeme probable , but being duly weighed are no thing woorth . and first for leauing armes in respect of the furie of the fireshot which no portable armor is able to resist , is both friuolous and false . for there are many reasons to vse conuenient armes , albeit that were true that they profited vs nothing against the fireshot . for they defend vs from the launco , from the pike , the halberd , the iauelin , the dart , the arrow , and the sword : yea and from the greater part of the fireshot also that any way endaunger vs in the field : i meane euen the portable and indifferent armor that is made ( n●t of musket or caleuer proofe ) but onely against the launce and pistoll . for the greatest part of the fireshot that touch the bodies of any man in the field , graze first and strike vpon the ground : and from all such shot , a meane armor verie portable and easily to bee worne by any souldier , sufficeth to saue a mans life , as ordinary experience in the field daily teacheth . for indeed to lade men with armes of musket proofe ( i am of their opinion ) were not possible to endure , and meere folly to put in vre for many respects : too long to commit to writing in this place . but this light and meane armour is still to bee continued in all battailes and battalions that shall encounter with pike or launce , because it assureth the life of man greatly from all other weapons , yea and from the most part of the fireshott also . neyther is there any martiall commaunder of iudgment , that will obiect his battailes or battalions as a but for the great or small artillerie to play vpon : but will alway aduance forward their owne shot and lightest armed loose men to encounter their enemies shot , and surprize his ordinance before the battailes or battalions come within daunger of the artillerie great or small , to bee plaied on at poinct blanke . and thereby shall the enemie bee enforced eyther to put forward his light-horse or fanterie before his great ordinance to guard and defend them : or else they shall bee possessed or cloyed . if hee protect them with horse and foote of his owne from surprize , then may the squadrons march on safely , and so ( by good discretion ) the armed battailes are in no daunger at all of their enemies artillerie , but may aduenture forward in safety to backe their owne shott and light armed , which were sent to surprize or cloy their enemies artillery . and thē without any more annoyance of the great ordinaunce , the battailes come to ioyne with launce , sword , or pike , as in olde time in auncient warres hath beene accustomed . farther all men know ( that are of skill or experience ) that great artillerie verie seldome or neuer can hurt any footeman , that vpon giuing fire onely doo but abase themselues on their knee till the volew bee past , being much more terrible to vnskilfull and vnexpert new besoignes , than any way hurtfull to trayned souldiers . and therefore ( as is apparant ) no reason in respect eyther of the great or small artillerie or fireshott eyther to leaue conuenient armes , such as the antiquitie vsed , and were able to march withall many hundred miles , or such battalions as the romanes vsed . if any man will obiect that ruytters with their pistolles , and argoletires with their pettronels , ( which the romanes had not ) would beat your massie phalanx of pikes ( vsed by the graecians ) downe to the ground , without receiving any dammage at all by them . heereunto i say , if we had not eyther pistolles or lances on horsebacke to encounter these ruytters and argoletires , they said somewhat . or if we had not musketers on foot to empale or line our battailes , that should more spoile their squadrons of ruitters before they could approach nigh the place where they should discharge their pistols . for there is no souldier of iudgement that commendeth the ancient romane or graecian discipline that would haue vs reiect all moderne weapons to cleaue to theirs onely . but embracing the moderne fireshot also to leaue the abusing of them , and vsing them rightly to vse still the auncient and right martiall discipline also of the romanes and graecians . wee see ( long since the fireshot hath beene vsed ) that the zwitzers notwithstanding haue continued their massie battailes of armed pikes like the gaecian phalanx , and verie honourably dischargd themselues both in italie , france , and germanie . in such sort as the emperour charles & the french king both relied on them greatly , and to this day ( of the mercenaries ) they carry the reputation with the best . so that no furie of the fireshot hath euer caused them to leaue their massie phalanx by the graecians vsed . how much lesse then should the romane order of battallions feare our fireshot ? nay rather is it not the most excellent ordinance that possibly can be imagined ? as well to open themselues ( without disorder ) to giue a way to their fireshot to saly forth , and retire in safety without any daunger of any charge by their enemies horse , and so more fit and conuenient for our warres and weapons now in vse , than they were for the weapons of that age wherein they were first practized ? and if neither the small nor great artillery of our age could euer make the zwitzers or launce-knights to leaue their massie mayne battaile or phalanx , but that in all warres they haue so honourably discharged themselues , as all princes are glad to embrace their friendships and aydes : how much more wold they haue excelled , if they had reuiued also the roman embattailing in battalions , which they inuented onely to defeat the macedonian and graecian phalanx . . now for the . inuectiue against their phrenzie that would haue in souldierie or diuinitie such refined discipline , as is impossible for men , and more fit for angels . i answere i am indeede of their opinion , that it is fantasticke and phanaticall to aduise such a discipline any way , as is impossible for men to obserue . but if the graecians and romanes also ( being men in flesh as we are ) many hundred yeares together did obserue and keepe such discipline as i perswade , then i cannot see any such impossibility as they inferre , or would make princes beleeue . but the truth is , it is not for the profit or priuate benefite of such mercenarie commaunders as most cōmonly manage the wars of our age , to haue that honorable auntient seuere discipline reuiued , which is the cheefe impedimēt . yet somewhat also i confesse in europe the great wealth that most nations are in this age growne vnto , and the delicate education of their children from their infancie doth make that seuere discipline more strange vnto vs , and somewhat more difficile to put in execution , as all things of highest excellencie are also accompanied with greater difficultie . but if it be compared with the greatnes of the good that therby shall ensue , and the great necessity without delay to haue it done , ( if we esteeme libertie and abhorre to be slaues to strangers ) it may perhaps be found more easy far than at the first it seemes . or if at first for meaner faultes we mitigate the paines , and by conuenient degrees proceede to cure the maladie that groweth too too dengerous , we shall at least do some-what if not the best , which is rather to be wished than naught at all . but because these patrones of the new militia haue one-other arch argument ( a verisimili ) to abuse the world withall ; i will also set it downe with such answere as briefly may open the fallacie thereof , and the necessitie of reformation without delay . the fourth reason . if ( say they ) the alteration of weapons considered , there were any better discipline for the warres , the inuention of man is so excellent in this age , and their wittes so refined , as they would put it in vre , aswell as they haue inuented these fire-weapons , so farre exceeding all their antique romaine rammes , scorpions , balistes , and arcubalistes , as we see those old engines now ( in respect of them ) meere toyes : euen so is also their auntient discipline , in respect of the rare militia moderne of our age. to this reason of theirs i answere : that no doubt the inuention of man in this age is in deede excellent , and farre exceeding the former ages for . or . yeares past : as may appeare by all artes and sciences that haue of late more flourished than in a thousand yeeres before . but if we haue regard to the more auntient times of the triumphant graecian states , and rothose mane empire , we shal finde for al arts & sciences ages far excelling ours , & no persons of our age ( either for learning or chiuallrie ) yet comparable with them : if comparing the actions and bookes of the one and the other , we will by the fruites iudge vnpartiallie of the trees . but euen as diuines , phisitions , lawyers , philosophers , mathematicians , and rethoricians , and all other ( studious of any liberall sciences in our age ) are inforced to repaire vnto those antique fountaines , where all arts liberall were in their high perfection : so surely for the warres much more we ought , seeing there was not one science or art then , more reduced to her full and supreme perfection . neuerthelesse i deny not , that the commaunders of our time for that scope and end perhaps they shot at , haue finely framed a discipline as profitable & perfect , as the antique was for theirs . for in this our age ( especiallie these fortie or fiftie yeares , since the emperour charles left his martiall actions : and our renowned king henry the eight , and francis the french king dyed ) there hath scarcely beene any king of europe that hath at any time in any royall war gone to the field himselfe , but only committed their martiall actions chiefelie to the execution of their lieuetennauts and inferior commaunders , which must of necessitie make great alteration . for where a king is oculatus testis , he seeth that which his lieuetenants wil neuer acquaint him with , being not for their commodities . when kings goe to the warres themselues , they see what is profitable or discommodious for themselues and their realmes , and aduance such discipline as may be most beneficiall to them and their state , as their deputies will such discipline as may be most commodious for themselues , howsoeuer it be good or bad for their king or state. againe in this our age kings generally haue made their warres ( not so much with their owne people , as with mercenaries and hired souldiers . who haue reason for their priuate benifite to vse a gouernment and discipline farre different from that they ought & would if they were led and commaunded by a king of their owne . their scope perhaps for the most part being to enrich themselues . howsoeuer the successe of the wars be for the king or state that paies them . i deny not but the moderne discipline and customes for inriching of themselues , ( i meane of superior commaunders ) is most singular and refined to the vtmost . as , if a generall will be content his captaines shall keepe their bands halfe emptie , and yet by fraudes in musters make his prince or state pay nigh compleate . if he will suffer them to pill and spoile the countrey where they lie , oppressing their friends more than their enemies . if when he hath fingred their pay , he will be content to leade them , or haue them led to some butcherie , where most of their throats shall be cut , that their dead paies may be shared among the leaders . or generallie for all those pointes of the moderne custome or discipline repugnant to the antique : who seeth not they are as finelie and wittelie inuented for the profit and commoditie of the mercenarie lucrous commaunders , as possibly can be deuised : and surelie the wit of men can inuent no more than hath beene , to pretend cunninglie the benefite of the prince and state they serue , and yet finelie indeede to inrich themselues with the impouerishing and very ruine of their prince or state that payeth thē . and surelie if mercenary ( leaders that serue not for any zeale , conscience , or duetie they owe to that prince or countrey , but only seeke the warres for gaine ) haue framed such a discipline , i cannot so much blame them though they carrie no such lacedemonian or romane resolution ( rather to dy in the fielde , than saue themselues by flight ) but choose rather to inrich themselues and their confederates by such escapes , hauing thereby the sharing of all their dead souldiers paies without contradiction , seeing dead dogges barke not . but after they haue learned abroad in these mercenarie warres this foule , base , couning and corrupt cowardly discipline , to bring it home into their natiue countries : who seeth not it must of necessity worke in time the very ruine of their state ? for as a woman that hath once made shipwracke of her honestie , easilie maketh a relaps : so fareth it in these mercenary fugitiues , that hauing once cast away shame ( which onlie or cheifelie maketh men resolutelie to sacrifice their liues for their countrey ) afterward become so far past shame , as they hold it no disgrace by shamefull flight at any time to saue themselues . this error alone creeping into england ( if euer we be inuaded by a puissant enemie ) is sufficient vtterly to ouerthrow the state : for it is the honorable resolution of our nation ( to conquere or dye in the fielde ) that must deliuer england , if we be inuaded by a forceable enemie . for we haue no such multitudes of strong townes as other countries : our armes and weapons are our wals and rampiers . we therefore of all other nations ought to reuiue the auntient most honorable lacedemonian resolution . to account the shame of dishonorable flight worse than ten deathes . but seeing it is hard in this age of delicacie to worke in mothers that honorable spartan resolution ( to abhorre their own children that were fugitiues ) yet surelie for all men to detest their company , and for magistrats to disgrace them , ( as persons vnworthy euer after to beare armes ) is a thing not onelie necessarie , but of such necessity as ( if it be omitted , and not in time put in due execution ) i doubt we shall too late repent it when all remedie will be past : the wiseman saith not had i wist . my meaning is not to call in question any priuate persons of our nation , for any errors committed in forraine countries : for surely these foule depraued customes were growne so common among the mercenary seruitors of all nations , as many valiant men by example of others their superiors or leaders haue fallen into them . but when we come to serue ( not mercenarie for pay of strangers ) but our naturall prince and country , ( to whom we owe our bodies and liues ) it is fit this part of auntient true martial discipline be seuerelie reuiued and published , and remerkable exampels made vpon the first breakers , as also a due reformation of all such other abuses , fraudes , and deceits , as allure men thereunto , and tend to the robbing of our prince , the defacing of true valour , and aduancing onely of subtile , base minded , lucrous cowardly caterpillers , tending finallie to the very ruine and ouerthrow of the honour of our prince and nation , & faelicious estate of our countrey . i meane not at this time to enter into the meanes how this discipline should be reformed , or how souldiery should be made obediēt , for it would require a great volume : but by that i haue read of the roman & greeke warres , and by mine owne experience conferred with the opinion of other worthie souldiers and great commaunders of our owne age i dare boldly affirme and with good reasons and authoritie maintaine , that it shal be much more easie to frame such an honorable militia or souldiery by a leauie of our contrey-men ( neuer in warres before ) than of such as haue bene depraued and corrupted in the loose , lewde , lucrous , licentious liberties of the warres of this time : as by that i haue more at large set downe in diuers parts of my stratiotic●s concerning the offices and dewties of euery seueral degree from the priuate souldier to the generall , and the military lawes of seuerall nations ) there set downe also , more euidently will appeare . this much only in this place i may ad . that albeit premium and paena be most souereigne medecines to cure all vlcers and infections that happen to the politique bodie of any state , whether it be in ciuill or martiall causes , yet example speciallie with our nation is the cheife . for as in the meanest matters ( if it be but only in apparrell , or attyres ) the example of our court is able to reforme or deforme the whole land , and by bare example only to doo tenne times more than proclamations , threatnings , and statutes paenall : so in martiall causes much more wee haue regard to such actions as great commaunders doe , which in court are fauoured , aduaunced , or countenanced . if they doo well , full easely will all inferiors conforme themselues : but if they either by custome continue courses inconuenient , or by facilitie of nature be seduced but to tollerate onlie the abuses which are too currant in these daies , and not seuerely chastise the delinquent without regard of pleasing or discontenting the diseased multitude ( how good lawes so euer be established , or proclamations made ) it is in vaine : for the loose licentious sort iudge them either published onely for fashion sake without regard whether they be obserued or no , or els their lewde faction to be so strong as magistrates dare not punish them : and either of these conceiptes ioyned with the profit and sweetenes these licentious commaunders make by their corruptions , is sufficient to embolden them more audaciouslie still to put their fraudes in execution : but , what succeedeth thereof , by example and experience in all ages we may behold . first in rome ( by reason of the ciuill warres between caesar and pompey , and after beetwne augustus caesar , anthony , brutus and , cassius ) the martiall discipline grewe to corruption , no one side daring to vse the auncient due seueritie , lest they should reuolt to his aduersaries . but what ensued , after the right martial legions were decaied , and a licentious praetorian guard maintained ? but the ruine of that famous and mightie empire , ransacked , and spoyled by the hunnes , gothes , and vandales , the most base of all the barbarous people that they before had conquered . the like i might particularlie set downe of diuers of the most martiall graecian common-weales , if we had not our next neighboure the mightie kingdome of fraunce ( euen in our owne age , by the very like depraued customes first learned among the italians , and nourished in that realme likewise by ciuil discentions ) brought into most lamentable miserie . a spectacle to stirre-vp all princes ( while they may ) to preuent those calamities whic● 〈…〉 will be too late . for after ciuill warres were once begunne , 〈…〉 the king , nor the prince his enemies , could keepe 〈◊〉 seuere hand on martiall iustice , lest these dissolute so●●●diers should reuolte , and so were indeede rather suppliants than commaunders of their armies : which beeing for the most part composed of mercenary hirelings , deuised all meanes prodigally to maintaine themselues , whatsoeuer became of their prince , or countrey , the successe whereof wee see . and that is that moderne discipline which so greedilie the licentious of all nations swallow vp , and are infected withall by the contagion of such as they haue conuersed with , tending chieflie to the maintenance of themselues inexcessiue riotous wastings , and to the vtter ouerthrow of all princes or states that shall beserued with them . to conclude therefore this true and needefull paradoxe , i hope ( by the conference of these fewe repugnant points of the auntient and moderne martiall discipline ) it doth sufficiently appeare . that as the latter are deuised wholly for the profit of corrupt persons ( and both dishonorable and extreame dangerous to any state or realme that shall endure them , so the former which i haue named of the antiquitie ) are both for the honour , profit and aduancement of the seruice of any kinge or state that shall embrace them . and therefore too apparant ( not only by euident discourse of reason , but also by plaine experience and successe in other realmes & states ) that where such abuses & corruption of true martial discipline shall be permitted , there can in time ensue no better than confusion & vtter ruine . and yet nothing doubt , but that our nation , as by nature it is as warlike as any other vnder the heauen ( hauing in times past while they were trained & led by honorable generals , conquered their enemies being tenne to one , as appeareth by the chronicles and confessions of our very enemies themselues ) so hereafter also ( by due regard in choice of such commaunders , and redresse of such moderne errors ) we shall leaue to our posteritie also like monuments of fame , as haue beene left to vs by those our right martiall and honorable auncestors . the third paradox . that the sometimes neglected souldiers profession deserues much commendation , and best becomes a gentleman , that desires to liue vertuously , or die honorablie . proeludium . i will neither deny , nor commend , my loue to poetry , some little idle time spent in it for my priuate recreation i repent not , it hath good vse , and is a good exercise for busie yonge heads : the noble adorner of that practise sir phillip sidney though he liued an age before me , i yet honor , i loue his memorie , and in my best wishes to my countrie , i sometimes sadly wish our nobility and gentrie would be his followers : yet being as he was a man of armes by nature , a quem pallas nutriuit in antris , of pallas bringing vp , one that suckt milke from both her brests , a learned souldier ; i would he had left the patronage of poetrie to some more priuate spirit , and saued me a labor by bestowing his much better witte on some requisite apologie for souldiers , whose profession is now as much contemned as to be a b graetian , or as a scholer was wont to be in rome , whose name is as vnpleasing as c iehan in france , or d ione in naples , whose nature is esteemed so vile , that some men thinke it iustice to make a conuertible reciprocation betwixte them and wandring houseles men : but when i call to minde howe e homer the best poet chose as the best subiect to describe f res gest●s regumque ducumque & tristia bella : the exployts of captaines , kinges and dismall combatinges . tyrtaeusque mares animos ad martia bella versibus exacuit . and how mens mindes to martiall fight , tyrtaeus did with rimes excite . when i remember how leonidas and his companions had in memoriall of their euer to be remembred seruice certaine poeticall songs sunge by the graetians how euen the g rude inhabitants of hispaniola like our auncient bards haue their customarie rimes , ad praelia excitantes auorum gesta recitando , to quicken their courages by reciting the acts of their forefathers ; all which i know sir phillip sidney so great a scholer , could not but know : then loe i enuie not the muses good happe , that had one of mars his followers to be their champion : since his worthie deeds and honorable death assure me he would haue spared that defence , if he had not assured himselfe that it was poetries best vse h vt dignos laude viros vetet mori . to labour that the memorie of worthy men may neuer die . sure then i thinke some thankefull poet , that hath drunke store of castalian liqour and is full of fury , cannot doo better than in requitall of his kindnes indeuour i vt gratus insigni referat camena , dicenda musis proe●lia . to singe in verse excellinge wars worth the muses telling . nor needes he feare to want attention , vnlesse he want a poets wit to tell the contents of his booke in proaeme with k bella per aemathios plus quam ciuilia campos &c. i singe the ciuill warres tumultuous broyles &c. assuredly had it befallen me , l in bicipiti somniasse pernasso , to steale a nap amongst the rest in the top of the mountaine , or si quid mea carmina possent , if my verses were of any vertue , i would desire to write some worthy souldiers praise in dust and bloud as dù bartas hoped to doo henrie of france his in pampeluna . but foole that i am . m i neuer dranke of aganippe wel nor euer did in shade of tempe sit . nor am i able to perswade our poets to intreate of warres indeede . n praelia virginum sectis in iuuenes vnguibus acrium dum cantant vacui . while idlely they sing the scarres that yonge men catch in wenching warres . what then , shall souldiers want their due , because i want abilitie to doe them right ? shall i not speake what i can , because i cannot speake what i would ? no sure , that were iniustice , this were folly . horace can tell . o est aliquidprodire tenus , si non datur vltra . t is somewhat to doe somewhat , though not well . it is inough sor me to breake the ice , and let the world see what may be said for the warres and souldiers when one whose whole kyndred almost by father and mother lost their liues or spent their liuings in the wars , is able through bare loue without learninge , without arte to speake as fellowes in defence of souldiers . i euer thought nothing worse for gentlemen than idlenesse , except doing ill , but could not at the first resolue how they might be fitliest busied : to play the merchants was only for gentlemen of florence , venice , or the like that are indeede but the better sort of citizens : ploughing and grazing i esteemed worse than mechanicall occupations : the court was but for fewe , and most of thē liued too luxuriously : to study or trauel was good , but directed to this ende , that they might be fit for some profession the thing in question : for diuinity they many times thought themselues too good , and i was sure they were most times vnfit : lawe was but a mony getting trade , and physicke a dangerous tickle arte , at last i thought on the warres , where the learned might perfect their contemplation by practise and the vnlearned helpe that defect by well gotten experience : and this was my yeares meditation : afterwards that impression was strengthned dayly by the remembrance of my fathers courses , by the experience of some other occurrents and by the obseruation of as many things as my litle reading encountred that might make for that purpose . so i grew to affect scholers such as would speake that , that might be vnderstoode , and could reduce their studie in histories the mathematickes or the like from speculation to practise for the profitable pleasure of their friendes or honorable seruice of their country . i liked trauelers so they would be silent , yet were able when time serued to discourse iudiciously of the state and power of more countries , of the strēgth and situation of more cities , of the forme and force of more seuerall fortifications , than other corkeheaded counterfeits could recken vp of bonna robbas bordeaus or apish fashions : aboue all the perfection of the endeuors of the former . i loued souldiers , such as hated cheating , drinking , lying , whooring , prating , quarreling and lewde behauiour . and either maimed , growne olde or wanting imploiment , had retired themselues to some priuate ( perhaps poore ) life , but that they liued contented : and though mine owne ability were then in minoritie , my heart esteemed him not a gentleman , would suffer such as these to want ought he could helpe them to : thus i spent the fiue yeares following . and now my almost freede body is readie for the warres which i before resolued was most fit for men of my place : but want of imploiment imposes on me an vnacceptable idlenesse which i sorrily passe-ouer with laughing at the lamentable folly of our besotted gētry ; one thinks it is commendation to weare good cloathes with iudgment , another for that he is a handsome man , a third for cunning carding , but if some youth of hopeful expectation attaine some skil in musicke , some tricks in dauncing or some fencing qualitie , the world consisting most of women-fooles and cowards will peremptorily pronounce this compleate gentlemās worth too great for one cronicle . p at quis ferat istas stultiae sordes but who can quietly indure such foppery . i that desire a man should be more worth than his cloathes , the inside best , i that thinke it my good fortune to haue small skill in ga●●ing , i that hate vnnecessarie qualities , as the q aegyptians did musicke for making men effeminate , cannot but dislike our gentry should be of taylors meere creation or spend there time in pastime or make their recreation there vocation , me thinkes our citie-gentlemen as for their slouthfull life , the french-men scoffing terme thē might for their recreation sometimes read how phillip reprehended alexanders skill in singing . how s anthisthines condemned ismenias his playing on the flute , or the like examples and so learne to leaue mispending of their pretious time into too too well affected fruitlesse courses they might remember how much one t alexander did in poore . yeeres , what u scipio was ere he was twenty foure and weghing well how z●ni●-like their actions imitate their forefathers whose honour they vniustly challenge me thinks they might euen hate themselues for letting the world see they haue the leasure to spend whole daies at cardes yet haue done nothing worthie memory saue idely wasted their wealth to purchase infamy . but you whose countrey life hath best affinitie with your true calling the warres as least subiect to luxurie as most affected of auntient souldiers can you not loue hunting because it resembles the warres but you wil neuer leaue hūting ? is there more musicke in a stinking curres howling qualitie than a drumme or trumpet ? will you in these times giue men occasion to aske whether your countrey haue no men you make so much account of dogges that your life seemes brutish still with dogges & your discourse vnreasonable still of doggs ? o rather let the example of our great great maister that worthely loues hunting as the noblest sport yet only followes it at vacante times teach you henceforth to vse your sports as sports and not still to dwell in them nor in the taedious discourse of them . but whither doth contempte of follie carry me ? both th' one & th' other sort of our decaied gentry , haue but the bare name of some auntient house but few sparks of english vertue they are so farre from being gentlemen they neither speake nor liue like men , yet if their charmed sences can indure to heare of remedy as * phillip was put in minde of death or x xerxes of the losse of sardis . i le play the young-man once , and crye to them in the middest of their vaine life and idle talking , remember z pyrrhus whose life and studie spent and imploied in military affaires doth shew what course of life best fits the better sort of men , who being askt who plaide best on the fluite , python or cephesias answered wisely though indirectly , poliperchon in his iudgment was the best captaine to teach the standers-by how noble spirits should discourse . o then remember pyrrhus , be as you ought your selues , leaue vanity & let your liues your words be warlike , your truest honour will be to be souldiers , and your most vertuous course of life the warres . but alas , as through the indirect proceeding of desparate censurers , men oft condemne the warres for murdering our men , and wasting our mony in lingring fruitlesnesse , where many times the fault is in our souldiers disabilitie , poore hunger-starued snakes halfe dead ere they go out of england : such as were a cumber rather than an ayde to the auncient romaines : such as with our moderne a spaniardes are sent a yere or two to take hart at grasse ( as we say ) in italy , before they suffer them to come to seruice , whereas most times the corruptnes of officers ( such as seeke the wars for gaine only , and make no conscience to cousin princes , and the ignorance of leaders , such decayed vnthriftie gallants as to gett a little money by the sale , spoile or slaughter of their companies make meanes to be fauorabl● sent , from the court to the camp , as commanders , before they knowe how to obey ) are true causes of extraordinarie spoile of treasure , of making the warres seeme ( if not be , dilatorie and fruitlesse : so on the other side , those officers , those captaines , and those souldiers , being in their kinds the worse part of our people , are indeed of such inuincible lewdnes that either dronelike sucking wax only frō sweetest flowers , or worse cōuerting holesomest things to poyson , they only vse the warres as naughty ●en doe learning , to increase their wickednesse . pro●●ing the axiome in phylosophy most true , b quicquid recipitur , recipitur secundum modum recipientis . that which is receiued , is receiued according to the qualitie of the receiuer : so that men seeing them spende that most vitiously which they got most lewdly are readie grounding themselues on their example to raile at souldiers as a profession of licentious lawlesse libertie , and repute souldiers for dissolute rakehels in whom there is c nulla fides pietasue , noe feare of god , no thought of goodnesse . yet as the studie of philosophie was not to be condemned , because some phylosophers were d epicures , as the name● of kings was not to haue bin hated because tarquine was a tyrant : no more i thinke are souldiers to be contemned or their profession ill esteemed of for that some bawdiehouse captaines or alehouse souldiers liue loosely ; e or for that many that followe the warres of our time where discipline is too too much corrupted are such as only liue by the warres and so indeuor gaine by all the meanes they can saue honest courses : for were our military discipline as in truth it ought of that powerfull sanctitie that our armes the most perfect politicke bodies might for the goodnesse of their lawes and orders and the iustnes of their exscucion , attaine their true perfection of surpassing the best ruld citties in ciuilitie , that our commanders like the auncient romans that held their faith more firme with enemies than some men now doe neerest bonds of duetie and alleagiance , might know it is their office to punish euen their deerest freinds offences , that our souldiers worthely indeuoring in god their prince or countries quarrell to exchange their liues for honor onely might learne to account it their greatest honor to be an honor to their calling by performing the necessarie duties of their calling . then as the romaines with their victories droue away barbarisme out of our countries by leauing vs a patterne of more ciuill life , from their warlicke gouernmēt , of which most parts of europe yet to this day retaine some remnants i see not but it might please god to reward our industrie by making our conquering swordes the instruments to plante religion amongst turkes and infidelles , and reforme the errors of wandring christians , when they seeing our souldiers such as the f indians did albuqueria and his company of portingalls may stedfastly beleeue that god omnipotent as they did that king worthy , that hath such vertuous seruāts : thē would our warriours like true aunciēt souldiers striue to be religious , vertuous , full of honesty , and we might iustly thinke with the g thessalian those of our countrimē most dull and sottish that went not to the warres : or say with the h aetolian the warre is better farre than peace for him that hath a minde to proue an honest man. for then our campe would be a schoole of vertue where ( by dutifull obedience ) men should be trayned vp and taught what appertaind to wise cōmanding : where religion perhaps the cause of the quarrell should be so feruent , that men would thinke it their cheifest ioy , in midst of greatest miseries , to haue the feare of god their meditation and an vnspotted life their comfort . for thē the memorie of alexander that the night before the battell with i darius cald for aristander to winne the fauour of gods with sacrifice : or of k aeneas . — quo iustior alter nec pi●tate fuit , nec bello maior et armis : than whom there was none more vpright in goodnesse , nor more great in fight . that in virgil leaues his companions busied , et l arces quibus altus apollo praesidet horrendaeque domus secreta sibillae antrum immane petit &c. to high apollos temple hies and to those dreaded mysteries . the horride vault where sibil lies &c. or of m camillus that would begin and end his skermishes with prayers , or of the n romans whose victories built churches , with whom contempt of the gods was a certaine signe of ouerthrow ; would make our souldiers call to minde it is their dutie to be as earnest in holy workes of piety , as they were zealous in their superstition , they blindly did they knew not what , and though through the soules strugling to ascend from whence it came , there arose some sprakes , that gaue them light to see there was ens entium : a power aboue all humane power that lookt for reuerence , yet wanting meanes to apprehende that rightly , their best endeuors proued but fruitles workes of darkenesse , but out of doubt our christan souldiers as they haue much more hope , more helps , and more incitements , i do presume are much more truely and more earnestly religious . these haue assurāce grounded on infallible witnesses that they serue the only true and euerliuing god that giues the victory to thē that rightly call vpon him for it , and rewards plentifully those that deserue it . these by the orders of their discipline , as helps to their weakenes , cōforts to their miseries , and ministers of gods blessings haue necessary leuites to performe to them all rites that may prepare them , that are in health and therefore lesse hindred frō being prepared for death that hourely hāgs ouer them . to assure them when they sometimes beseiged suffer famine as fearefull as that of o ierusalem , as great as king p sous his souldiers that would not sorbeare drinke to gaine a kingdome , yet choose to die miserably , rather than yeeld to change their faith ▪ that that faith shal be rewarded with a happy crowne of immortalitie . to teach thē that to be sometimes for christs cause made gallis●aues , where with the constant spirits of true christian souldiers they indure afflictions , that would make softehearted men such perhappes as speake against souldiers , euē forsake their great captaine iesus : is a sure meanes to gaine in exchange of those bonds the freedome of heauen . to exhort them last of all if by gods mercifull preseruation when death came a tithing on any side , whē multituds of enimies encōpassed them about , they proue the sole remnant of many hundreds , to returne to their natiue countrie there to dye in peace , that whiles they liue they cannot haue a better president to imitate than the worthy captaine q cornelius . besides these minesters , these souldiers haue the scriptures , where contemning play bookes and base pamphlets vnfit studies for dying men ) they may reading learne to imitate r iosua before the battell , that prayed the israelites might not be deliuered into the hands of the amorites : or s moses in the battell that lifted vp his hands to heauen for victorie : or t dauid after the battell that praised god the author of his conquests with ioyfull songs of thankesgiuing : where they may reading learne to giue continually all honor and religious worshippe to that god v that teacheth their fingers to fight and their hands to battell , euen in the midst of their armies from whence he pleases to appropriate vnto himselfe one of his great & glorious titles w the lord of hostes. but perhaps some one obseruing how great y anthony , did sacrifice himselfe to luxurie , or hauing reade the true cause of x charles the of fraunce his posting pilgrimage to paris when he should haue gone for naples may thinke he sees good reason to condemne a souldiers religion as consisting of too much deuotion to shee saints : i must confesse the folly of some souldiers in time of idlenesse hath giuen some colour to the fable of mars and venus , but i cannot see how the profession , can deserue that imputation : for either that fable is a poets mere fiction , and so not to be credited , since through their lyinge madenesse euen heauen i● selfe is defiled , or els is grounded on some naturall cause , and then as sol and mercurie the patrons of poets lawiers and the like are in the celestiall globe neerer to venus as oft in coniunction and for their naturall proprietie more concordant , in reason me thinkes those poets , lawiers , and the like that leade vitam sedentariam , a quiet life , sleepe their fill and eate their meate at due seasons must of necessitie be much more subiect to incontinency than souldiers , that may well with z scipio contemne lasciuiousnesse , since thinking still how to conquere men , their leasure serues them not to become slaues to women , a that may learne of scanderbreg to liue long vnmarried and yet most honest , that their bodies may be the stronger and better able to do or suffer what pertaines to souldiers : that may as b pericles willed sophocles euen keepe their eies from lusting , their course of life being of such singlnes that they are seldom or neuer troubled with the sight of womē that are last of all daily mortifyed with colde , hunger losse , of blood , and perpetual labour : so that if c henry the maiden-king of portingal could , they may well be per totum vitae spatium libidinis expertes euen al their life time free frō incontinēt-desires , at least able with d alexander to resist the temptatiō of a philoxenes or an ephestion though their temper were as hotte as alexanders that by reason of heat brethed forth sweete sauors . and yet not neede to coole their complexions with too much liquour : the death of e clitus and the burning of persepolis may assure them alexanders drunkennes drowned al his other vertues : f so seneca pronounced his happie rashnesse farre from fortitude , tainted with cruelty , the badge of cowardize , and i may well condemne his wisedome for loosing the benefite of his victory which g caesar the best captaine thought was only this , victis donare salutem . for to bestoe life on the vanquishtfoe . it is an idle fond infirmity fit for immodest h babilonish women that first drinke then daunce &c. or for vnwise womenish men louers i meane twixt whom and drunkards there is such affinity that i & in ebrietatē amans , & in amorem ebrius procliuis admodum , the louer is soone drunke , the drunkard apt to be in loue : but the ouerthrow of the victorious k scithians in iustine hath made me euen from the infancy of my reading , afraide to think such weakenesse should be in a souldier , as was in those l german●●s pantaleon speakes of that after many valiant exploites falling to drinking on saint martins day were al slaine by the turkes that inuaded them , as the graecians did troy where the inhabitants were m vino sommoque sepulti . dead in a deepe and drunken sleepe . let the barbarous n brasilians drinke drunke before they enter into consultations , let their light heads be far from bringing forth weightie counsailes : but you in whose hands consists the safety of kingdomes , whose affaires stande so tikle that as o gui●●ardine obserues one commaundement ill vnderstoode , one order ill executed , one rashnesse , one * vaine voice euen of the meanest souldior carries oft times the victory to those that seemed vanquished , keepe you your wittes about you still perfect and still readie to settle vnexpected accidents , though some vsu●ers of your names waste their substance as the p west - indians do their money in their quaffing cups and then like true vnthrifts such as was meligallus a knight of rhodes endeuour treacherously post patrimonium patriam subuertere after the ouerthrow of their owne estates to betray their countrey ; though the weakenesse of some men be such that they first and surest learne the infirmities of the countreies where they liue , as some auntient trauellers were wont to do lying of the cret●ans , perfidiousnesse of the carthaginians , or effeminatnes of the people of asia , as some moderne doo affected grauity of the spaniard . reueng and ielous●y of the italian , and waste and lauish of the french , as some of our souldiers haue done freebooting mutining and the like disorders in the ciuill warres of the french leaguers , as some haue and do this carousing qualitie by seruing among the dutch. yet let your setled iudgments discerne a difference twixt vertue and those mentioned vices , let your wisedome direct you to contemne their folly that betray their owne by drinking to anothers health , let it assure you though somefooles like the r indian chirihichenses thinke him most valiant that drinks most , it can be little praise to you to make your bellies hogs-heads , or your braines spunges , you may and ought to shew far truer and farre greater fortitude by liuing vertuous cōquerers of such vicious affections that so you may dye without feare of death your countries faithfull champions , & go as plutarch tels of s romulus armed to heauen , and 〈◊〉 be as t solon thought of tellus more happy than the richest king. for this forescore yeeres-olde u hippodamus aduised by his king to leaue the warres , and turne into his countrey , replied he knewe not where to dye more happilie than in the wars defending of his country : for this the yong vnmaried x graecians part of leonidas his gallant followers refused to shun a certaine danger & returne vnto their friends in safety , saying they came to fight and not to carry newes , for this i cannot chuse but attribute great honour to the warre , that is of power to make both old and young so honorable . y par ill● regi , par superis erit qui stiga tristem non tristis vidit . he is a king or more than mortall man that vnappalde , pale death incounter can . and they shall be most happy x quos ille timorum maximus haud vrget lethi metus . to whom of all feares chiefe the feare of death doth work no griefe . this is the perfect point of fortitude , this is the hardest point in all philosophy , yet surest learnd by practise and oftnest put in practise in the wars , where priuate souldiers like that z german in osorius wil be sore wounded yet not retire til they dye or conquere where captaines bury themselues in their own colours or like a bayard fight till death seaze on them , yet desire to dye with their faces against their enemies ; where sometimes both captaine and souldiers like b leonidas and his companions dine with a resolution vndismaide , to sup in heauen , & die all of them so happy , that none remaines to carry the vnhappie newes . these then and such as these are souldiers , for these are chronicles , and such as these are ( by c licurgus lawes ) esteemed only worthie to haue epitaphes ; so now i see why d pyrrhus trained vp his three sonnes to be souldiers ; while he himselfe did liue and dye a souldier ; and why within e rome no man might be buried that had not bene a souldier : so now i thinke when alexander dying left his crowne f dignissimo , vnto the worthiest , he did intend a souldier , when the most indians of hispaniola bequeath theirs g fortissimo vnto the valiantest , they can intend none but a souldier : and h pyrrhus when he tolde his sonnes he should succeede that had the sharpest sworde , did onely meane that sonne that prooued a souldier : for why ? should pyrrhus haue resigned his scepter to a sonne as iohn of armenia did to a brother belli ignaro viro , a man vnexperienced in militarie affaires , there might haue well be feared a desolate subuersion of his state like that , that thereon followed , in the kingdom of armenia . but he that saw the romans growe from small beginnings to a mightie nation by continuall warre , and found that for increasing of their fame , riches and power , their loue was setled on the warre ; had reason to traine vp and seeke to leaue an heire that might maintaine his quarell and resist the romans force with force , their warre with warre : and hauing so established his throne , plentie of sutors would haue come from neighbouring princes if not for loue , for feare , if not for feare , for profits sake , to winne such a succeeders amity . for as it is reported of k tubanama an indian king , that he protested solemnly , he euer loued the spaniards , because he hearde their swords were sharper farre than his : so i remember when at the selfesame time , the seuerall prouinces of l graecia , sent seuerall embassadors to the persian artaxerxes , whose frendshippe all affecting , all indeuored by all the meanes they could to gaine : the king did voluntarily preferre the thebā cause and pelopid●s sute before the rest , because the fame went they were the best practised of & most skilfull souldiers of all the rest , litle respecting the power of the athenians , or the wealth or number of other of the citties , who for want of militarie practise , neither knew how to vse their nūber , nor their powerful weath : so then for power in the warre it is , one kingdome is preferred before an other , and strangers euermore do most respect those strangers that are warryers . the poore artificers , the mechanicke switzers were not long since of most meane estimation till that prouoked by an iniury of m charles the last duke of the house of burgundy like horses ignorant of their owne strenght they entered the feilde and got a victorie whose sweetnesse so inticed them on to continue in that course to such there aduantage , that since that time some of the greatest n princes of christendome haue vied thousandes of crownes to gaine their freindeshippe , that in the warres of o italie the victorie did ofttimes follow their inclination , that last of all , all europe at this day respects them well , and him the better whose freinds they professe themselues . thus the lowcountrimen ( a name not many yeeres agone vnknowne ) were once p reputed a dull lazie yea a base nation of poore handicrafts men , contemned of their neighbouring enemies & respected of their friendes no further than necessitie inforced , yet after that as they professe their lords seueritie had forced them against their willes to take vp weopons for their owne defence , they in shorte time redeemed so their reputation that their most powerfull neighbours were content to vndergoe inuirious imputations for protecting thē , whom men that lookt a squinte vpon the cause esteemed too much disobedient , & since that time the warre that gaue life to their force hath so encreased their might , that for this but on part of their power their strenght at sea , t is thought they cannot want good freinds to backe them . since then the benefit of power skill and practise in the warre is such that by it the poore haue growne rich , the weake strong , and those that were reputed vile haue got an honorable reputation , since all sorts of men are either through feare earnest or through loue willing to entertaine frendly amitie with those especially that are renowned for it , since last a commonwealth through it may growe frō small beginnings to vnlookt for height as that of q rome , audendo et agendo , by daring and doeing rose from nothing to be maisters of the world , who is he that remembers how r romulus euen in romes infancie , did lay foundations of romes greatnesse , by choosing out of his followers , those that were able to beare armes to be enroled into legions , that will not wish if he wish well to his country , that his countries gouernors would prouide so , for their citties that they may neuer want souldiers to fight for them so long as they haue citizens to dwell within them . for my part when i remember how the s roman state , as it encreased in power did euermore encrease the well deserued respect it bare to souldiers , so that though while the weakenesse of their poore beginning lasted they only gaue them titulary rewards triumphs to generalles , and to each priuate souldier that deserued it a seuerall garland , yet in the yeere of their citties age , at the taking of anxur the wolsces towne , they ordained for them a certaine paye e publico which was augmented aftetwardes by caius gracchus and doubted after him by iulius caesar , so that in processe of time besides the gift of the gouernement of infinite townes prouinces and kingdomes , besides the sending forth of t colonies one cheife vse whereof was vt praemijs milites veterani afficerentur : that olde souldiers might be rewarded , and besides the ordinarie allowance for those legions that liued in rome , the emperour u augustus allotted out certaine portions of lande for those that had beene souldiers to maintaine them in a continuall readinesse to doe him and their countrie service . when i remember how in imitation of those romans the auncient kings of the * gaules gaue to their souldiers mannors in the countrie where they liued as lords ouer the peasants their tennants , and were tyed to come with a certaine nomber of followers according to the quality of their land to serue as voluntaries at their owne charge so long as the warre lasted , a custome yet obserued by their ofspring the gentrie of france : when i remember how perhappes in imitation of those gaules , william the conqueror gaue to his followers our gentries auncestors distincte circuites in sondrie places of seuerall landes of inheritance ▪ one of the heires of which distribution is reported since that time to haue produced a rusty sword as the euidence by which he held his liuing : when i remember how the kings of france vsed knighting and when that was corrupted in the ciuill warres of the houses of x burgundie and orleans inuented new orders of knighthood , as new honors to rewarde souldiers : when last i call to minde how gentlemen and their coats of armes tooke their originall from the warres as may appeare by z agrippaes obseruation that in heraldry the best coates cōsist of sauage beasts to testifie the bearers nobility gotten by his courage : as saith he , the gothes caried a beare , the saxons a horse , the romans an eagle , the cimbri a bull , and each particular gentleman thinkes it nothing honorable to carry a sheepe , a lambe , a clafe , or such like peaceable creature that is not militiae signum , a token of warfare ; then my zeale to the warres and my loue to souldiers is so reuiued that i can scarse forbeare wishing , that in engiand as in scythia none might drinke of the feasting cuppe , or as in carmania none might marry that had not slaine an enemy to his country : or as amonge the turkes that none might be esteemed noble for antiquity , but for their proper vertue : or as olde decrepite men were vsed among the a trogloditae mētioned in diodorus siculus , that each yong scapethrift that is telluris inutile pondus , a burden to the earth that can doe nothing wel , saue that that is passing ill might be tyed by the necke to an oxes taile and so strangled as well worthy so shamefull a death for doing nothing worthy of life . but on later and wiser consideration i finde it nothing comely that a ciuill country should breake her owne customes to imitate a barbarous people , yet euen these examples with those before mentioned may liuely testifie how necessary al antiquitie esteemed pramiaet honores rewards and honors , to nourish and hold vp the arte of warre , one of the cheifest pillars of a common-wealth i cannot therefore but most seriously wishe that our king a worthy in the worthiest kinde of learning as he is the flower of two stemmes of most renowned warlicke auncesters , whom god hath giuen vs , b to goe out before vs and fight our battelles , to whom the king of kings c et mulcere dedit fluctus et tollere ventos . giues power as well as to appease with calmes , with stormes to stirre the seas . would when it shall please his wisedome adde life , i meane practise to our militia that oft dyes at least decaies much through secure idlenesse , and that then the paie of england that is as honorable as any nations may not be detained from or gelded before it come to the hands of poore souldiers by base vnworthy captaines , nor the due of honest captaines be with helde or lesned through the fraudulēt corruptiō of decitefull officers ; but that seuerity of military discipline may be reuiued to cut of those rotten members , those adulterate counterfeites whose basens hath made true souldiers contēptible , and that true souldiers euen in times of peace may bee as much respected as their vertuous worth deserues . for then as by d licurgus institution it was in sparta our free noble spirits will betake them to the sworde & launce , & leaue al other occupatiōs vnto white liuerd men : thē our yong mē will exercise thēselues as e coriolanus did , in running , wrastling , riding , and the like warlike sports : and our olde men shall be fathers of great experience : so that with vs as with the f brasilienses the yong men shall execute valiantly , the wise counsaile of the olde men : then our gentlemen remembring in what foughten field , or for what speciall seruice their auncestors receiued their badges of honor , will fall to imitate those honorable auncestors and knowing how poore a credite t is g aliorum incumbere famae , for to relie on other mens desert will striue rather to haue effigies tot bellatorum , the images of their warlike auncestors , liuing in their hearts than dead and smoake dried in their houses : h then our countrimen like marcellus in rome or the i mamertines in sicilie , may perhaps haue honorable name deriued from mars : then it may be as many of one name as were of k williams at our king henrie the second his sonnes feast in normandie , or as many of one family as were of the l medcalfes at on assize in richmondshire will vowe themselues like the . fabij in rome to fight for their countrie : m at least we shall haue many breathren , ( noble slippes of some noble stocke ) that like the norrisses of honorable memorie , will striue to be famous for dying valiant souldiers in the bed of honor , rather than infamous like some beasts vnworthy to be named in the same discourse for their noted idle , if not worse life . then we shall haue many captaines , such as were the greekes and romans , and our souldiers shall be as much renowned for valour , honesty and mutuall loue as was the holy bande at n thebes : and then nowe conquests shall make forreinors ashamed to laugh at vs when we tell of our forefathers victories in france , and our displayed ensignes shall keepe vs from blushing at our slothfull life : for then those true souldiers that whiles the warres serue but as sinckes to ridde away purgamenta vrbium , lye hid like diamonds heapt-vp in dunghills couered with weedes , shall be as rich gemmes set in gold and worne and beautified by the comfortable reflex●ion of the rising sunnes smilinge beames , and in the meane time this may their comfort though like old english words they be now out of vse , yet o multa renascentur quae nunc c●cidere cadentque quae nunc sunt in honore . they will be in request that are neglected , and they contemned that are nowe respected . the time will come their countrie will leaue fawningly to offer vp hir wealth to those her vnworthy children that liue by sucking drie their parents bloud , and rather motherlike respect those sonnes that are hir champions , and seeke to perchase her ease with painefull industrie , her honor with effusion of their bloude , her safety with losse of life . the fourth paradox . et multis vtile bellum . that warre sometimes lesse hurtfull , and more to be wisht in a well gouernd state than peace . sweete i knowe is the name of peace , more sweete the fruition , to those ease-affecting men that foolishly imagine it the greatest point of wisdome to enioy the benefit of present time , though one of better iudgmet tell them : a isthuc est sapere , non quod ante pedes modo est videre , sedetiam illa quae futura sunt prospicere . t is wisdome not to cast our eyes on that , that iust before vs lies , but to foresee and to prouide for harmes that one day may betyde . some others without repect of publike benefite , measuring the happinesse of the state wherein they liue by their owne particular contentment do most eagerly make warre against warre , the apparant enemy to persiā luxurie , whose sworne slaues they liue . and besides these the greatest part of men , blinded like these , doo tremble at the name of warre , for feare of his companion charge : not vnlike some wretched pennie-fathers , that in time of this our contagion , by resisting contributions fitting for the ordering of infected persons , are oft occasion of impouerishing themselues and their whole towne , of endaungering their owne and many hundred honester mens liues . but if it may appeare on better deliberation , that the warre , b est de longe temps & continue encor , & durera en sa force iusqu a la fin du monde is of great antiquitie , continues yet , and will remaine in full force to the ending of the world , so that wee may well put it of , but cannot put it away , since like a torrent of waters it rises as occasion forceth here & there , and may a while be stayed , but encreasing so , breakes out in the end more violently , and as virgil saith , c sternit agros , sternit sata laeta boumque labores praeeipitesque trahit siluas &c. the fields it ouerflowes , the corne is dround . plowmen their labour loose , trees fall on ground &c. then it brings with it a confused desolation , whereas without daunger at the first , it might haue passed on by little and little in a continuate quiet course . if it may appeare , that luxurious idlenesse is much more to be feared than those monstrous bugbearers words i sometimes heare alleaged to disswade men from the warres , the meere inuentions of fainthearted and effeminate men , that they may haue some colour for their dishonorable sloth . if last of all it may appeare , that in a iust and good quarrell , which cannot likely want a warre wisely managed , cannot but bee infinitely profitable : i thinke there is none that honours his king , wishes well to his countrey , or desires fame ; but will farre preferre the shedding of his bloud , to procure his kings honour , his countries safetie , or his owne reputation , before the sorded sparing , lazie liuing , or foolish delaying of those blinded men i mentioned . for my owne part , i euer disliked those patient pleasing chirurgions that with fond mildenesse suffer small hurts to fester , & grow dangerous : i euer feared lest temporizing ( like looking on our neighbors burning house ) would suffer the fire to come home to our owne doores , and then i feare our poore louing sheep wil too late see , they onely fed themselues fatt for the slaughter , when men most resolute , shall rather bee , determinate to doo , than skilfull how to . then i feare our conquestes past will little profit vs , when ease like rust in our armour shal haue eaten into and corrupted our valor when by discontinuance of practise , wee shall bee vnapt for seruice , yea by reason of the often change of the course of our warres directly ignorant , and that ignorant vnaptnesse will dismay the most confident : then it may bee feared wee may too late repent our former negligence , our secure idlenesse , our sparing of a little to the endangering of all , when wee see our selues at length enforced to vndergo the danger with disaduantage which in time with ods , our side we might easily haue repelled : then we may wish we had imitated the romanes wisedome , that foresaw inconueniences a farre of , and would not to auoid present warres , suffer mischiefes to grow-on , d they inuaded philip and antiochus in graecia lest othewise they might haue been enforced to deale with them in italy . but my words perhaps are to these peace-louers as winde that shakes no corne , assuredly i know it hard to disswade bewitched men from ease and pleasure , two seducing syrens in whose beastly seruitude too too many are inthralled past recouerie : yet those worthy spirits in whose breasts the sparkes of our forefathers courage are not yet extinguished whose swelling hearts are ready to protest their english vertue hates effeminate , longs to shew it selfe in some laborious course of valiant industrie : they i doubt not will soone call to minde how dishonourable it was to the e aegyptians vnder ptolomie : depositis militiae studijs , otio & desidia marcescere . to pine away in sloth and idlenesse , neglecting militarie profession , or how vnprofitable it was to the f lydians to liue in peace . quae gens industria quondam potens , & manustrenua , effaeminata mollitie , luxuriaque virtutem pristinam perdidit : which nation was once famous for valor and industrie , but they drownde the reputation of their auncient vertue in effeminate and luxurious delicacie . and with a feeling remembrance of those or the like examples , pray with mee that those , and the like inconueniences fall not on vs : that wee may not suffer our enemies or neighbours to grow too mightie , whilest carelesly wee our selues waxe weake and degenerate through sloth and case , vnder the colour of a quiet life : i doubt not but their hopes are like to mine . for as that great captaine g pyrrhus did in some particulars well correct the vaine v●ine voluptuous life of the tarentines , so since god hath giuen vs a gouernour as valiant as , but much more wise than pyrrhus : i hope , and my hope is strengthned with confidence , that that valor will incite , that that wisedome will direct our king , to take in hand the reformation of our idle life , more daungerous than that of the tarentines : in better manner and to better purpose , then did that pyrrhus . a worke worthie a king , that can bee worthily effected by none , but such a king , in whom there is all worthinesse . but heere mee thinkes i heare some obiect to mee the succesfull felicitye of the peaceable reigne of our late queene , whose happie memorie , and euer to be admired gouernment , farre bee it from my thankfull thoughts to touch with the lest tittle of disgrace , whose wisedome such obiectors too too saucely diminish producing her as an enemie to militarie profession : her sex indeed , and in her later time fulnesse of daies might well excuse farre greater ease ; yet see ( that which these blinde men stumble ouer ) from the first to the last in seuerall parts of christendome , she euer found meanes to traine vp her better and more forward subiects in varietie of seruice ; that so they might prooue good members of her estate , and profitable seruants for her potent successor : so wise men know , besides that many daungers were kept farre of , this realme was still tollerably furnished with skilfull souldiers , and prudently rid of many inconueniences : yet i must confesse the open shew of peace bred diuers corruptions , yet such as all states how euer wisely gouerned where peace is are of necessitie subiect to . who seeth not to what riot in apparrell , to what excesse in banqueting , to what height in all kinde of luxurie , our countrey was growne , when the flower of england , the gentrie and better sort , whom the meaner stroue to imitate , for the most part idlely , if not lewdly brought vp , confirmed in their dissolute life , by superfluitie of ill example , became so exceeding foolish , that hee which eate good meat , and ware good clothes , and did some one thing worse , was ordinarily amonst them accounted most happie : how many of our elder brothers consumed whole and goodly patrimonies at dice and cards , hauing no other meanes to passe their time , as i haue oft times heard diuers of them penitently ( but too late ) complaine : how many of our younger brothers in all sorts of riotous expences , did in small time consume their portions , which otherwise imployed in vertuous courses might soone haue equalled their elder brothers sonnes , and then exclayming against their parents , that dealt indeed too well with such vngracious children , fell to lewde courses , and oft times came to such vntimely ends as i shame to tell : and of both these , the likeliest plants to prooue were most of all peruerted , the spirits of best hope , did soonest step awry . so h caesar in his yonger daies , was most prodigall , he grew indebted . thousand crownes . so i cimon in his former time was most riotous , and for it defamed thorow the whole citie of athens : yet see , the warres redeemed the one & he became a most renowned general : the warrs reclaymed , the other & he proued as valiant as themistocles , as wise as was milciades . thus we may read that silla , alcibiades , and diuers other carried themselues most lasciuiously , most wantonly in peace , till the warres taught them to liue like souldiers : and like these ( i thinke ) some of our countreymen , for spirit no whit inferiour to caesar , nor towardnes to alcibiades , might in time haue proued renowned souldiers and extraordinarie instruments of their countries honour , had they not for want of imployment , to our publike losse , and their priuate ouerthrow , spent their yonger yeares like cimon in riotous behauiour , and their age like lucullus in luxurious idlenesse : so that iuuenal had hee liued in their time might haue truly said . k nunc patimur longae pacis mala , saeuior armis luxuria incubuit . &c. now wee indure the discommoditie of our long peace opprest by luxurie . worse farre than warre . but these were such whose finer mould was vncapable of drudging courses , who perhaps as l peter martyr obserues of the spaniards , thought it specialem nobiliū praero gatiuam vt otiosi , ac sine vlla exercitatione praeterquā bellicavitam degerent . the speciall priuiledge of a gentleman to liue solitarily , free from al professions , saue that of armes . this was indeed an auncient custome of our gentry , till peace made some , of gentlemen become boores , who forgetting that their truest honour came by armes , liued as they said to themselues , some grasiers , some ploughmen , all basely sweating in the pursuit of drosse , hating the name of honour because it asked cost , and such as these robbing poore farmors of their practise , like weeds in vntild land , haue and still doe spinge vp in peace the patron of their basenesse , yet such as these might call to minde what ciuill contention , rest and want of forraine warres occasions , they might remember bow many haue beene vtterly vndone by vnnecessary law brables , weighing well the nomber of those that haue shot-vp deciding such controuersies , men i know whose laborious study deserues much commendation , but whē i thinke how m plutarch praises the cornithians whose temples were adorned not with the spoiles of the graecians , their freinds , their neighbours , vnhappie memories , but dekt with trophies of their victories against the barborous people their aduersaries ; then i wish those necessary members of peace , whose good parts i reuerence , had rather gotten their wealth by the sworde from forraine enemies , like our worthy auncestors , then so to haue growen great , through their countrimens contentions . now besids this priuate contention whose nurce is peace , euen that peace is oftimes mother of more perilous dissention , when idlenesse ministers each actiue humour fit occasion of working , to the indangering of diseased , to the distempering of most healthfull bodies , when quite security giues busie heads leasure to deuide the common-wealth into contentious factions ; so that as in n solons time at athens , the people of the mountaines desiring this forme of gouernement , the men of the vallies that ; to both which the inhabitants of the sea-coast maintaine a cōtrary : all catch hold of the opportunity peace offers to plot , and put in practise their seuerall proiects for the aduancement of their perticular , though with the weakning of the publike state , and in the end like o pyrrhus disordered elephants , some rūning backeward , some forward , and the rest standing still , the confusion of their actions me thinkes resembles well the indian dannce described by p benzo where diuerso modo singuli vestiuntur et alij hoc , alij illo modo corpus circumagunt , nonnulli crura at tollunt , aliqui brachia , alius caecum , alius surdum effingit , rident alij , alij plangunt &c. where all are clothed after sondrie fashions , one turning his body this way , another that way , some lifting vp their legs , some their armes , one playing the blind man , another the deafe , some laughing , some weeping &c. but the danger of these differences is the greater because not sensible , till strangers that growe through them couragious , take the aduantage of them , and then too late we may remember liuies warning by the example of q ardea that such dissention hath beene more hurtfull to sundry citties , than fire , famine sicknes or the sworde , or what other calamitie cā be imagined while we too soone forget the last aduertisement dying r scanderbeg gaue his sonne , in these words worthy to liue euer . nullum tampotens validumque imperium quod non corruat quandoque vbi mutuis odijs praebetur locus . there is no gouernment so well established , that will not suite it selfe , if once it harbor partiall emmieties . these enmities haue beene instruments in most countries ouerthrowes , they ouertake vs in our securitie like secret fiers in the night , and are therefore more to be feared , they steale on vs by degrees hidden in the deepnesse of our rest , like the consumption in a body vnpurged , vnexercised , that is indeede lesse painefull yet proues more mortall than most diseases ; they are as plentifully bred in peace s as crocodiles in aegypt , and would in time proue as pr●uitious , but god that for mans good prouides the ichneumon to destroy the egges of the one before they bee hatched , hath left vs a perfect remedie to dissipate the other , if wee bee not to our selues defectiue ; to wit , forreine warre , a souereigne medicine for domesticall inconueniences , wherby those stirring heads that like the t spaniards bellum quam otium malunt , ideoque si desit extraneus domi hostem quaerunt . desire warre rather than quietnesse , and therefore fall out at home if forreine foes bee wanting : shall haue more honest and more acceptable meanes to busie themselues , when as u osorius saith : commune periculum facile omnium animos ab intestinis seditionibus auocabit , ad commune malum propulsandum : the generall daunger will soone withdraw mens mindes from intestine garboiles to resist the generall mischief , both which appeared in that wise proceeding of the w senate of rome in coriolanus time that by this means appeased all diuisions , euen then when as y liuie obserues heat of contention betwixt the people and nobilitie had made , ex vna ciuitate duas : of one o●e two cities . for the populousnesse of that citie , by reason of their peace occasioning a dearth and famine , and their idlenesse stirring vp lewd felowes to exasperate the desperate need and enuious malice of the meaner sort , against the nobility , whose pride & luxurie grown through sloth intolerable , caused them to contemne and iniurie the poorer people , in the end the fire brake forth hard to be quenched , and then the senate hauing as i may say bought wit by this deare experience , were at length enforced to flie to this medicine , which wisely applied before , had well preuented all those causes , and their vnhappie effectes . then they resolued on a warre with the volsces to ease their city of that dearth , by diminishing their number , and appease those tumultuous broyles , by drawing poore with rich , and the meane sort with the nobilitie , into one campe , one seruice , and one selfesame daunger : sure meanes to procure sure loue and quietnesse in a contentious commonwealth , as that of rome was at that time . yet euen then there wanted not home tarrying housdoues , two peacebred tribanes sicimus and brutus , hindred that resolution calling it crueltie , and it may be some now will condemne this course , as changing for the worse : some that wil much mislike a body breaking-out should take receipts of quick-siluer or mercurie , that may endanger life : yet they cannot but knowe euen those poysons outwardly applied are souereigne medicines to purge and clense , and therefore hauing a good physition , i must professe , i thinke it much better to take yeerely physicke , when the signe is good and circumstāces are correspondēt , that may worke with some litle trouble , our health and safetie , than through sordide sparing , or cowardly feare of paine , to omitte happy opportunities of remedy , & so suffer our bodies perhaps crasie alreadie , so to sincke that death followes or at least some grieuious sickenesse , asking farre deeper charge , bringing farre greater torment , especially since the sickenesse of a state , were it as great as a palsie may by a skilfull physition be purged and euacuated at an issue in some remote part . i cannot but therefore commend x camillus wisedome for beseeging the cittie of the faleriens , though it were so strongly scituated , so well stored with victual , and so fortified with all manner of munition , that the secure citizens walkt vp and downe the cittie in their gownes , since not regarding the winning of the towne as appeared , by his ouerslipping weightie aduantages his intente , only was to keepe his countrimē busied about some thing , lest otherwise repairing to rome they might growe through peace and idlenes seditious , & so raise some ciuil tumult : this was as plutarch wel obserues a wise remedy , the romās euer vsed to disperse abroad like good physitions the ill humours that troubled the quiet state of their commonwealth : ce qui s' est antrefecis pratique ' apres les gueres ciuiles des anglois , which hath beene sometimes put in practise after the ciuill warres of england , as z master la noüe deliuers . if then those men that maruaile how philip the second that wanted not his ouersight was euer able to possesse spaine in tollerable quietnesse , his people hauing beene of olde time as their dealing with the romans shewes of a rebellious disposition , the continuance whereof made a ferdinand of portugal refuse to be their king , and b iohn the second wish a wall as high as heauen betwixt his people and them , which turbulencie continues yet , euen in the better of them , how euer some maintaine the contrarie , as some yeares past was manifest , by the ambitious and seditious pride of alanso iulian romero and some other spanish captaines , when don iohn of austria consulted for passing his army out of the low-countries into italy , as hath not long since sundry times appeared by the mutenous reuolts of his c oldest souldiers for want of pay : if yet i say those men that maruaile so , would by that rule of the romans examine that phillips proceedings in imitation of his father charles the fi●●t , it wil euidētly appeare that he procured the place of spayn and his own safety by keeping his actiue subiects in continual employment , farre from home , where their eagle-like piercing eyes might not come to prie into his actions , nor malitiously obserue the distates his gouernment occasioned . hee did not forget that the satute of d pericles was grauen with a helmet on to hide the deformitie of his onion-like head , nor that that e pericles sent . gallies euery yeare to sea , and many hundreds of men away by land , to rid his citie of idle persons : but making vse of both , receiued the fruit of both , besides this further benefit , that as weeds in england proue oft good sallets in france , those his male contented and suspected subiects , while they were at home , by their industrious life vnder seuerity of military discipline became of good members , and were for their experience not vnworthily accounted as readie souldiers as most in christendome , which opiniō was vndoubtedly a great strength to king phillips enterprises , making the temporizing venetians and other states of i●a●●●ore ●ore affraid than needed . then howsoeuer some may bee disswaded by f catoes liuely demonstration of carthage too neere neighbourhood , from drawing on vs such an enemie as may in lesse than three daies sailing knocke at the gates of our great citie : and others in remembrance of some actions past , may seem to dislike sending our forces so farr from home that for want of fresh supply of men or other necessaries , the voyage how auspitious soeuer the beginning bee , wanting sure footing , must of necessity proue as a fading bubble : i for my part leauing the election of our warres as a matter scarce fit to be thought on by so yong a head as mine , to the mature consultation of our senate , and iuditious resolution of our souereigne , with more loyall zeale to my king and countrey , than loue ( which i confesse is great ) to the warres , wish , and with faith wish , that our setled state may reape infinite commoditie by that g politique rule , grounded on ccipio nasicaes desire to haue carthage stand , that for the reasons scipio then alleaged , wils euery kingdome to prouide it selfe an enemy as the h romans had many whose fall was their aduancement , as the i athenians had them of samos whose inuasion appeased their domesticall tumults , as last of all the k macedonians had the thracians and illirians : quorum armis , veluti quotidiana exercitatione indurati gloria bellicae laudis finitimos terrebant : with whose hostility as with a daily exercise they were so hardned that their neighbors liued in awe of their renowned valor : that so feare of the enemie may keep our people from ease and luxurie , the fatall ruine of states and countries , yea sometimes l conquering armies that dealing with that enemie in imitation of l alexander after darius ouerthrow , our men of warre may be so trayned and kept in vre that for want of practise the life of all arts , but most necessary , in the most necessarie arte of warre , our warlike discipline decay not , and so sincke , if not the estate , yet the honor of our state and countrey . but heere whether to haue one and the same still or rather variety of enemies be more requisite would aske a more particular discourse to decide , o than this generall paradox may admitte : licurgus knowing the inestimable benefite of military practise , was desirous his people should haue warre but not with one and the same nation lest they might be blamed as p ag●silaus was by antalcidas , for making the thebans against their willes by continuall inuading them to his owne hurt , skilfull souldiers ; yet some may thinke it best grapling with one whose strength we know , whom by conquering we know how to ouercome , whose fashions our souldiers are vsed to , but i dare not speake all i could , lest my meaning be applyed as i would not , this i say , since it was truely said of the romans , q magis bellantes quam pacati habuerunt deos propitios : that they were more fortunate in warre than peace : it was wisely ( i thinke ) fained of r romulus that the gods told him his citty should proue the mightiest in the world , so it were raised by warres , and increased by armes , and well confirmed afterwards by s proclus , deliuering the same to the people as a message from romulus after his deifiyng to perswade them indeede to warre , which this politicke roman and that worthy king foresawe was like to be most beneficiall for them : this i say , since t plutarch rightly saies that citties by warring with their neighbours , become wise in their carriage and learne to affect good gouernment : it was not vnwisely doone of robert the second of scotland to will his peeres and subiects in his last will and testament , to haue peace neuer aboue yeeres together in respect of the benefit he had found and should receiue by continuall excercise in military matters . that then i may shut vp this short and slight discourse seeing that to speake of peace perpetuall in this world of contention , is but as aristotles foelix , xenophons cyrus , quintilians orator , or sir thomas moores vtopia , a matter of mere contemplation , the warre being in this iron age u si bienenracinèe qui ' il est impossible del l' en oster , si non auec la rume de l' vniuerse . so well ingrafted that it is impossible to take it away without a vniuersall destruction : seeing that the quarrelles of this world are either of christians against turkes , and infidelles , in defence of christ crucified , which ought neuer , and i assure my selfe shall neuer be extinguished till the names of those dogges be cleane extirpated : or between chrians , with such inueterate malice and irreconcileable wrongs for titles so intricate , as in mans witte is to be feared will neuer be appeased , satisfied , decided , seeing that many of the princes of this world , though they talk of peace and amitie to winne time , til their proiectes come to full ripenesse , seruing their turnes with that sweete name which they know is likely to blindfolde ease-affecting people , yet in their hearts desire nothing lesse : when as some of them weakened with the violent courses of their hereditary ambition , that can neuer be tamed , seeke peace as a breathing only to recouer strength : others warely repecting our encreased greatnesse , and their owne vnsetled state make faire shewes now , but are like enough here after vpon aduantage to proue false hearted : others hauing gotten much wealth , gayned much reputation , encreased their power , and maintayned their libertie by the sworde , will neuer endure the losse of these by hearkning to peace , since last there neuer wanted coulorable pretences to breake those truces , that like the * parthians promises are only obserued , quatenus expedit , as farre as is expedient , and made like that of the y samnites who entertained peace with the romans , non quod pacem volebant , sed quia non erant parati ad bellum : not that they desired peace , but because they were vnprepared for warre . let me not be blamed if i speake what i thinke , and as the scope of this discourse directs , deliuer , that is more safe and honorable ( making a league with some of them , so that necessitie of state may force them to be faithfull ) to keepe some other of them at the swords point , while fearing our strength , or their owne feeblenes , cauponantur pacem , they but chaffer for peace , rather than by tēporizing giue them time to turne tables , and fall on vs , when our leaders shall be waxed old , and the nomber of them much diminished , when our best souldiers shall be raw besognios brought to some execution of importance , before they were fitte to learne what was fitting for thē to doe , when our discipline corrupt before shal be cleane rotten and as little worth as our cancred rusty weapons at a day of seruice , whē our ships of warre one of the greatest strengths & honours of our kingdome , shal for couetous desire of gaine , be easlyer in one yeere turnd to hois of burdē , thā cā be reduced back againe , to doe our countrie seruice in an other and . whē our sea-men shal be few , and skilfull only in their owne ordinarie course , passing directly as they are bound at best seasons : where as long voiges , liuing at sea , varietie of weathers , change of climates , searching and sounding all harbors , bayes , creekes , and corners , with ships well stored with men , is it that brings forth store of skilfull maisters , skilfull pilots , skilfull marriners , when last of all our people shal be more luxurious through such dangerous securitie , more contentious among themselues , more carelesse of the honour of the state , and in conclusion more ready to receiue some fatall ouerthrowe than euer heeretofore . these therefore and infinite other weighty considerations spinging freshly out of my zealefull regarde of my countries welfare , and the desire i haue to aduenture the shedding of my bloud might i be once so happy in my kings seruice , makes me with feruēcie of spirit wish his maiestie may euer haue as x charles the of fraunce had once , infinite multitudes of men , resolute of mindes , for seruice apte , of faith assured , of willes tractable , for commaundment obedient , and lastly bearing all one common desire , to com● their liues to any danger for the glory and greatnes of god & their king. and that our cōmon-wealth may neuer want many such worthy patriots as will valiantly when time serues , hazard themselues , their freinds , and their best fortunes , in paineful industrie to procure their countries assured safetie , that their example may make our gentry ashamed of their much dissolute , degenerate dishonorable courses , the scoffing stocke of proude cōtemning forreine nations , that so desiring earnestly to shewe the world their swords can cut as keene as their forefathers , by this first steppe to such desire , they may professe with me and that with constancie , z militia est potior : the warre is better farre : pulchrumque mori succurrat in armis . and thinke how worthelie they die that armed die . finis . notes, typically marginal, from the original text notes for div a -e a pallingen in ariete . b montag . lib. essay . . c idē essay . . d guichard . . lib. e hora : de arte poetica . f ibidem et iusti● histo. g pet. marti : dec : . cap. . h hora. od. lib. . i idem . k luna : lib. . l perseus . m sir phillip sidney . n hora : od : . lib. . o idem lib : . episto . p iuuena . sat. . q diodor. sicu . lib. . cap. . vn gentle home de ville . plutar in vita dari : s ibidem . t idē in alexan. u idem in scipiet leo impera cap. . . i. e. cincinatus alluding to caesars speech to the strangers plutar. in vita peric . * plutar. x herodat . in terpsicore . z plutar. in pyrrho . a estate of english fugitiues . b arist. lib. . de a●nimi . cap. . c lucan : lib. . d plutar : libel . contra . epicu . e tit. liui. de. lib. . f osor. de reb . gestis . emanus : histo : lib : : g plutar : in . libell . declaratione lib : h idem in lib : de dictis et factis lacaedemo : i quin● : curt : lib. k virgil. lib. l m tit : liui : lib. deca : : n pluta : in lib. de fortuna roman : ●eo imper. cap : : : & . : & cap : : : o iosc : de bel : iud. lib : : cap : : et : : p plutar : in vitae lycur : : q acts of the apostles . cap. . r iosua . cap. . s exod. cap. . verse . t sam. . cap. v psalm . ver . . w issai . cap. ierem. cap. . y platar : in vita antoni . x guichard : lib. . z plutar. in vita scipi . a mar. barles . lib. . b plutar. in peric . c osor. de rebus gestis emanu . lib. . d plutar. in alexan. e quint. curt. lib . f lib. . de benefic . cap. . g luca. de bel . ciuili . lib. . h quint. curt. lib. . i heliod . histo. aethio : lib. . k iusti. histo. lib. . l lib. . de reb . gestis ioannit . m virgil. lib. . aenea . n osor. lib. . de reb : gest : emanuel . o lib. ▪ * the victorie lost at perousa . guichar . lib. . p their amigdala are their mony . pet. martir . de● . cap. . r pet. marty . dec. . cap. . s plutar. in romul . t plut. in vita solon . u idem in lib. de dict : & fact . laca●emon . x ibidem . y sene : in t●●g . agamem . z lib dereb . gest . emanuel . a montag . lib. . essay . . b apud thermopilas . diod. sicu . lib. . c plut. in licur . d idem in pyr. e lin. . des recrech dela franc. f q. curt. & plut. in alexan. g pet. marty . de . cap. . h plutar. in pyr. pantal de reb . gest . ioannit . lib. . k pet. martyr . dec. . cap. . l plutar : in pelopid . m histor. de co●mes . liure . . chap. n histoire des dernies . troubl : liur . o guiehard : histo. p baptist : lenchi : in politicis obseruat . the king of france and queene of england . q tit : liui : de : . ilib . . r plutar : in romul : vita . s rosin : romani antiquitat : lib. . cap : . t idem lib : ● . cap. . u sueto : in aug : vita : * lui : : de● recerch : de la fran : x lecerch . de la fran. z lib. de . vanit : scienti . a lib. . cap. . b sam. . cap. . ver . . c virg : aeneid : lib. . d plutar : in lycur . e idem in corio . lan . f osor : lib. . de reb . gest : emanuel . h plutar : in marcell : i idem in pyrrh : k montag : liure . essay . . l camde : br●ita : in richmond . m tit. liui : de : . lib : . n plutar. in pelopid . o hora de arte poetica . notes for div a -e lucan . . a ter : in adelph : act : : sce. . b la roque . li. . du māniement : de l' art militaire . c virgil : lib. . aeneid . d machiauel : princ : cap. . e iustin. histor : lib. . f idem lib. . g plutarch : in vita pyrrh . h plutar : in caesa : vita . i idem . in cym● : vita . k iuuenal : lib : . sat . . l cap. . deca . . m in timoleō : vita . n iin solon : vita . o idē in pyrrho . p noua noui orbis historia . lib : . cap : . q ti : liu : lib : : deca : . r mar : barles : in vita scanderb : s diod : sicu : lib. cap. ● . t iustin : histor. lib. . u lib. . de reb : gest . emanuelis . w plutarch : in coriola : vita . y lib. . deca . . x plutarch : in camill : vita . z discours : politi : . a the paraenetical discourse . b ibidem . c in the low-countries at one time . estates of english fugitiues . d plutarch : in peric . e ibidem . f appian . g la noue discour . polit : & militar . . h machiauel : prin : cap. . i plutarch . in vita alcibiad . k iustin : histor. lib. . l as annibals at capua . l quint : curt. lib. . o plutarch : in vita lycur . p ibidem & in lib : de dict : et fact : lacad . q ti : liui : lib. . dec. . r plutar : in romul . s ibidem . t lib : de vtilit : capiend : ex hostibus . u la rocque liui . : du maniement de l' art militaryre . * iust : histo : lib. . y ti. liui : lib : . deca . . x guichard : histo : lib. ● . z hor : sat . . virgil : aeneid : x. by his excellency the lord general. whereas complaints have been made, that divers souldiers most unconscionably have broken into mens gardens, orchards, and grounds ... fairfax, thomas fairfax, baron, - . this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing f thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) by his excellency the lord general. whereas complaints have been made, that divers souldiers most unconscionably have broken into mens gardens, orchards, and grounds ... fairfax, thomas fairfax, baron, - . sheet ([ ] p.) s.n., [london : ] signed at end: given under my hand and seal, the . of iuly . t. fairfax. imprint from wing. reproduction of the original in the british library. eng soldiers -- great britain -- conduct of life -- early works to . great britain -- militia -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no by his excellency the lord general. whereas complaints have been made, that divers souldiers most unconscionably have broken into mens garde fairfax, thomas fairfax, baron a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - mona logarbo sampled and proofread - mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion by his excellency the lord general . whereas complaints have been made , that divers souldiers most unconscionably have broken into mens gardens , orchards , and grounds in the counties of middlesex , surrey , kent , and have thence stolne great store of fruit , turnipps , and other roots , which if not prevented , will endanger the undoing of many gardiners , and for time to come obstruct their industry in planting and sowing of roots and other provisions , which have heretofore afforded great relief , especially to the poor . these are therefore to require all souldiers after publication hereof , that they presume not to enter the grounds of any gardiner , or thence carry away any their roots , or other goods , as they will answer the contrary at a court martial . and all officers upon notice given of any offender or offenders herein , are forthwith to take a sufficient guard with them , and apprehend such souldiers , and them deliver to the martial general to answer their offences . given under my hand and seal , the . of iuly . to be proclaimed by beat of drum in london , westminster , and southwark . t. fairfax . to the army penington, isaac, - . this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing p thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) to the army penington, isaac, - . sheet ([ ] p.) s.n., [london : ] signed at end: isaac penington, the younger. imprint from wing. an exhortation to humility. annotation on thomason copy: "xber. [i.e. december] . ". reproduction of the original in the british library. eng england and wales. -- army -- early works to . soldiers -- religious life -- england -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no to the army. penington, isaac a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images - pip willcox sampled and proofread - pip willcox text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion to the army . friends , do ye not see how often ye have been betrayed ? the lord hath done great things for you , and by you , and put great opportunities into your hands ; but still they have been lost , his work fallen to the ground , and his name become a reproach over all the earth , through your means . o be abased before the lord , and lie very low , and consider how justly he may lay you aside from being his instruments , in that great and glorious work he hath to bring to pass . if ye desire to stand , look up to the lord to keep your spirits very low , and poor , and meek , and ready to hear . o wait to know what hath betrayed you hitherto ! for assuredly that lies in wait to betray you again : and if the lord mightily preserve you not from it , will make you forget him , and cause you to mind and seek your selves afresh , so soon as ever your fears are over . therefore in the day of your prosperity the lord watch over you , and keep you close to the stirrings and honest movings for publick good , that have sprung up in your hearts in the dayes of your adversity : and take heed , lest the subtilty in the wise fleshly-reasoning part deceive you . but fear the lord in your reasonings , and beg earnestly of him to keep the simplicity alive in you , that the fleshly wisdome get not mastery over it . for the evil counsellour is neer you , even in your own bosomes , and he lies lurking in plausible , & fair-seeming reasonings . therefore keep close to the simplicity , and let your reasonings be servants to it , and not masters over it . ah remember how often ye have started aside like a warping bow : become now at lengtht uprigh to the lord , carrying faithfully to the mark those his arrows , which he is shooting at the regions of babylon . this is from one who waits for what the lord will effect , and hopes at length to see an instrument in his hand , wherein his soul will delight . isaac penington , the younger . a declaration of the lords and commons assembled in parliament. die veneris, . octob. . england and wales. parliament. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing e thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) a declaration of the lords and commons assembled in parliament. die veneris, . octob. . england and wales. parliament. sheet ([ ] p.) printed for john wright, at the kings-head in the old-bayley, london : . order to print signed: joh. brown cler. parliamentorum. officers who have served the parliament, and have arrears due, are not to leave their counties to come to the houses, who intend to provide complete satisfaction for them. this to be printed and sent to the sheriffs for publication -- cf. steele. annotation on thomason copy: " ber [i.e. october] ye th". reproduction of the original in the british library. eng soldiers -- great britain -- pay, allowances, etc. -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- finance -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no a declaration of the lords and commons assembled in parliament. die veneris, . octob. .: england and wales. parliament. a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread - emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion a declaration of the lords and commons assembled in parliament . die veneris , . octob. . the lords and commons in parliament assembled , taking into consideration the manifold hazards and services great numbers of officers imployed in the severall armies , have for their safetie and defence of the parliament and kingdome in these late warres undergone and performed : and being very sensible of their said services , and of the great arreare of pay due to them for the same , have taken into their most serious debate many wayes and meanes for furture provision for them , according to what their other weighty affaires will give leave ; and being informed that many of the said officers ( invited thereto by persons ill affected to the parliament and the publique affaires thereof ) upon hopes of an immediate receiving some considerable part ( at least ) of their arreares are repayring to the parliament , and cities of london and westminster ; the said lords and commons do therefore order and declare , and it is hereby ordered and declared , that all and every such officers who have heretofore served the parliament as aforesaid , and expect payment of their said arreares , shall and doe upon publication hereof , peaceably continue in the severall counties and places of their aboade , and that they and every of them doe upon no pretence whatsoever under penalty of losing their said arreares , repaire unto the parliament or cities aforesaid , to the disturbance of both or either of the houses during the weighty considerations they are upon , as well for a certaine and speedy provision for the said officers , as for the setling of the publique peace of the kingdome : the said lords and commons intending by the blessing of god with all convenient speed to establish such a provision and satisfaction for all the aforesaid officers , as will witnesse to the world their affections to and services for the parliament in this great cause are not only well accepted of , but shall also in due time be recompenced with suitable satisfaction to their very many and great deservings respectively . ordered by the lords and commons assembled in parliament , that this declaration be forthwith printed , and sent to the sheriffes to be published in the severall counties . joh. brown cler. parliamentorum . london printed for john wright , at the kings-head in the old-bayley , . die jovis, januarii. . additionall directions of the lords and commons assembled in parliament for the billetting of the army, when they are upon a march, or setled in their quarters. proceedings. - - england and wales. parliament. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (wing e aa). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing e aa estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, - ; : ) die jovis, januarii. . additionall directions of the lords and commons assembled in parliament for the billetting of the army, when they are upon a march, or setled in their quarters. proceedings. - - england and wales. parliament. england and wales. parliament. house of lords. proceedings. . sheet ([ ] p.) for john wright at the kings head in the old bayley, imprinted at london : . [i.e. ] year given according to lady day dating. ordered by the house of lords to be be printed and published. steele notation: from and in-. reproduction of original in the henry e. huntington library. eng england and wales. -- army -- early works to . soldiers -- billeting -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- early works to . broadsides -- england a r (wing e aa). civilwar no die jovis, januarii. . additionall directions of the lords and commons assembled in parliament, for the billetting of the army, when t england and wales. parliament c the rate of defects per , words puts this text in the c category of texts with between and defects per , words. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread - emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion die jovis , januarii . . additionall directions of the lords and commons assembled in parliament , for the billetting of the army , when they are upon a march , or setled in their quarters . . that whensoever any forces shall be by vertue of an order from the generall , or from such as he shall appoint , upon a march o● removing quarters , they shall at the townes or parishes where they shall be ordered to quarter , be billetted in the usuall way by the quarter-master or superiour officers , according to the directions of the constables or chiefe civill officers of the said townes or parishes : and the respective inhabitants where any of the said souldiers shall be so billetted shall receive them , and for one night , or two nights at the most , shall finde them their ordinary family diet , wherewith the souldier shall be contented and pay for the same at the rate of six pence per diem for a foot souldier , and twelve pence per diem for a trooper , and hay onely for his horse . that for the first fortnight after the forces shall be drawne into garisons , towns , and cities , ( according to the directions of parliament ) and untill they shall be furnished with pay to enable them to maintaine themselves , they shall in the same manner be quartered , received , and provided for , and at the same rates aforesaid , by such inhabitants upon whom they shall be billetted by the magistrate of the place , or by their owne officers , in case the civill magistrate shall refuse to do it ; the officers ingaging to the inhabitants to see the quarters discharged at the said rates . that after the said fornight is expired , or after the forces shall be furnished with pay as aforesaid , in any garrisons , townes , or cities , where any forces shall come by order as aforesaid , to be at a setled quarter , so many of them as cannot be conveniently disposed of to innes , ale-houses , tavernes , or victualling-houses , shall be billetted at other houses by the chiefe magistrate of the place , or ( if he shall refuse to doe it ) by the chiefe officer present with the said forces : and in case of any abuse or inequality therein , the said magistrate , or next justice of peace , to have power to order and alter the proportions of billetting to the severall inhabitants , as he shall finde most fit and equall : and the persons where they shall be so billetted , shall receive them accordingly ; but shall not after the two first nights from the souldiers coming thither ( for which the souldier is to pay at the rates aforesaid ) be lyable to finde the souldier any dyet or horse-meat ( except by agreement betwixt him and the souldier , and at such rates as they shall agree upon ) but shall only entertaine the souldier with lodging , stable-roome , and the use of their ordinary fire and candle-light . and in case any such inhabitants be agrieved therewith , and desire to have no souldiers at all in his house ( he or the magistrate providing such billet for the souldier else where within the towne ) or at any village adjacent ( within such distance as the chiefe officer commanding in the quarter shall allow of ) such inhabitant shall have his house wholly free . die jovis , januarii . . ordered by the lords assembled in parliament , that these additionall directions be forthwith printed and published . joh. brown cler. parliamentorum . imprinted at london , for john wright at the kings head in the old bayley . . a letter from his excellencje the earl of essex to the gentlemen, freeholders, and other well-affected people in the county of essex. also, an order of the house of commons in parliament for a contribution for sick souldiers under the command of his excellencie. together with two other orders of the committee of the house of commons and citie of london, for reducing newcastle, and the parts adjacent. ordered by the commons in parliament assembled, that these be forthwith printed and published. hen: elsynge cler. parl. d. com. essex, robert devereux, earl of, - . this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason e _ ). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page images. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing e thomason e _ estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; :e [ ]) a letter from his excellencje the earl of essex to the gentlemen, freeholders, and other well-affected people in the county of essex. also, an order of the house of commons in parliament for a contribution for sick souldiers under the command of his excellencie. together with two other orders of the committee of the house of commons and citie of london, for reducing newcastle, and the parts adjacent. ordered by the commons in parliament assembled, that these be forthwith printed and published. hen: elsynge cler. parl. d. com. essex, robert devereux, earl of, - . england and wales. parliament. house of commons. aut p. printed for edw. husband, london : june . . reproduction of the original in the british library. eng soldiers -- england -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- sources -- early works to . a r (thomason e _ ). civilwar no a letter from his excellencje the earl of essex to the gentlemen, freeholders, and other well-affected people in the county of essex.: also essex, robert devereux, earl of b the rate of defects per , words puts this text in the b category of texts with fewer than defects per , words. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - mona logarbo sampled and proofread - mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion a letter from his excellencje the earl of essex to the gentlemen , freeholders , and other well-affected people in the county of essex . also , an order of the house of commons in parliament for a contribution for sick souldiers under the command of his exeellencie . together with two other orders of the committee of the house of commons and citie of london , for reducing newcastle , and the parts adjacent . ordered by the commons in parliament assembled , that these be forthwith printed and published . hen : elsynge cler. parl. d. com. london , printed for edw. husband june . . a letter sent from his excellency the earl of essex , to the gentlemen , freeholders and well-affected people in the county of essex . hearing of your readinesse to assist in this great cause with your persons and purses , for the defence of religion and liberty , and what ever is deare unto us , and of your willingnesse to rise generally , and to joyn with other counties , to deliver your selves from that slavery and misery that our enemies would bring upon us . i do with much joy receive your resolutions , and count it a speciall mercy of god , that makes his people sensible of their dangers , and willing to hazard their lives for him , and do judge it the most hopefull means of concluding these unhappy distractions of the kingdom . therefore i desire you to assure your selves of all assistance from me that the army can afford , and my earnest desire is to helpe you in it . and i desire such may appear in this cause , as have most interest in it ; such of whose constancy and courage wee may be assured , men of religious lives and affections fittest to bear arms for truth of religion , men of estates to defend those estates that the enemy seeks to devour : the employment is not too mean for the best men , and then we shall hope for successe when such put their hands to the work ; for assure your selves , the loosnesse and inconstancy of the souldiers , amongst others is one cause of the continuance of the warre . i desire you to provide your selves as well as you can with arms and necessaries , and to bring six weeks pay in your purses , considering that the march is long , and but a moneth of that may be spent in service ; when that time is expired , we hope you may returne home with peace ; if we shall entreat your further helpe , we shall provide for you as well as god will enable us . chuse commanders your selves , colonells and captains , when we shall heare their names we shall send them commissions , and when you shall come near us , we shall send some able and experienc't commanders from our army to assist you . doubt not of your country in your absence , we shall take a course for the securing and quieting of the malignants ; your safety is in being in arms , it will be your happinesse to fight with your enemies at distance , and so keep them from spoyling that as yet peaceable and flourishing county . if god stirre the hearts of people to appeare generally , and to prosper our endeavours , wee hope the successe will be happy and comfortable . stoken church , . june , . your assured friend , essex . die lunae , . junii , . whereas it hath pleased almighty god , to send a visitation of sicknes amongst the souldiers in the armie raised for the king and parliament , wherby the lord generall hath bin enforced to send backe many of thosefick souldiers , to be billited in some remote houses and towns , some myles distant from london , untill it shall please god to restore them health & ability to return again to his army ; wch souldiers by reason of this their sicknes must needs be in great want of many things necessary for them in such cases , although there hath been what could be conveniently spared sent them by the parliament ; it is therfore ordered by the commons assembled in parliament , that there shal be a collection made ( on thursday next , being the day appointed for publick thanksgiving ) in all the parish churches in and about the city of london , contained in the weekly bills of mortality , for and towards reliefe of the said distressed sicke souldiers , by the churchwardens and other officers of the said parishes , and the monies by them so collected , to be paid unto wil : greenhill , john pocock , john randall , and rich : hutchinson , citizens of london , or any two of them , at tallow-chandlers hal neer dowgate in london ; on saturday next to be distributed for the reliefe of the said sick souldiers , in such manner as the committee appointed bythe house of commons for maymed souldiers shall appoint ; and it is likewise hereby ordered , that all ministers of the said severall parishes , shall earnestly perswade the people to contribute to this so pious and honorable a work ; it being for those that have and will be ready again ( when god shall enable them ) to hazard their lives for the defence of all our lives , liberties , and religion . hen. elsynge , cler. parl. d. com. . june , . it is this day ordered , that the major of boston mr edward tilson , arthur empson , thomas welby , mr ellis , mr tooley , mr. green , & mr. coney be assistants to this committee for the town of boston & parts adjacent in the county of lincoln , to do & execute all the instructions mentioned in the ordinance of both houses of parliament made this fifth day of iune . for the speedy raising of forces for the towne of newcastl● , and regulating the trade of coal there . and it is further ordered , that mr. edward tilson shall be treasurer for the monys contributed & raised in the sayd towne & county , and is to keepe books of accompts of all mones received by vertue of the sayd ordinance ; and is to receive such allowance for charges as by this committee shall be held reasonable & fit . and all moneys by him the said treasurer received , he is from time to time to give an accompt chereof to this committee , ane pay the same as shal be directed by this committee , to such others as in the said ordinance is mentioned . edward gilbert clerke to this committee . . iune . at the committee of the house of commons and city of london , for reducing newcastle , and the parts adjacent . it is this day ordered ; that the lord major of london be desired to cause the ordinance of both houses of parliament for regulating the coale trade at newcastle to be published by evry minister in every parish churh in london and the suburbs thereof , upon thursday next ; and the committees in every vvard are appointed forthwith to take subscriptions , and collect the money according to the sayd ordinance . edward gilbert clerk to this committee . fjnjs . die veneris, . maii . an ordinance for releife of maymed souldiers and marriners, and the vvidows and orphants [sic] of such as have died in the service of the parliament during these late vvarres england and wales. parliament. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (wing e a). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing e a estc r - this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set - ) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, - ; : ) die veneris, . maii . an ordinance for releife of maymed souldiers and marriners, and the vvidows and orphants [sic] of such as have died in the service of the parliament during these late vvarres england and wales. parliament. sheet ([ ] p.) printed for edward husband, printer to the honourable house of commons, london : . steele notation: disabled distinct appointed. date appears at head of title. reproduction of original in the folger shakespeare library. eng england and wales. -- army -- pay, allowances, etc. -- early works to . england and wales. -- parliament -- early works to . soldiers -- england -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- early works to . broadsides -- england -- london a r (wing e a). civilwar no die veneris, . maii . an ordinance for releife of maymed souldiers and marriners, and the vvidows and orphants [sic] of such as have d england and wales. parliament a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - mona logarbo sampled and proofread - mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion die veneris , . maii an ordinance for releife of maymed souldiers and marriners , and the vviddows and orphants of such as have died in the service of the parliament during these late vvarres , for the reliefe and maintenance of such souldiers as have bin maimed , and disabled in the service of the parliament during these late warres , that is to say , since the warres began ; and for the reliefe of the widowes and orphants of such as have been slaine or dead in the said service , be it ordained by the lords and commons in this present parliament assembled , that from and after the feast of easter last past before the date hereof , every parish within this realme of england and dominion of wales shall be charged weekly to the payment of such summe of money as formerly they have been rated at by vertue of a statute of the d yeare of queen elizabeth , cap. tertio , concerning the reliefe of souldiers and marriners , for and to such end and purpose ; and likewise such further summe of money over and besides the same , as by the justices of the peace in their next quarter sessions after the passing this ordinance , or the major part of them shall be adjudged meete to be assessed upon every parish or chappelry that hath distinct parochiall officers ; so as the said additionall summe exceedeth not the summe of two shillings and six pence , nor be under the summe of three pence each weeke , for each such parish or chappelry , the same to be leavied in manner and forme by such persons , and under such penalties , as by the said statute of queen elizabeth is declared ; and to be payd to the treasurers for the maimed souldiers appointed by the justices of the peace of the county or liberty by vertue of this ordinance , and the statute of queen elizabeth aforesaid ; which said treasuters shall be ordered in such manner , and under such penalties as by the said statute is further declared . and be it ordained that every souldier or marriner , maimed or disabled in body for worke , in the service of the parliament during these late warres , shall forthwith repaire to the place where he was last setled when he tooke up armes , with a certificate of his service , and hurt received , under the hand of his captaine or other commissionary officer , and shall also repaire unto the two next justices of the peace for the county where such his setling was ; and the said two justices upon examination of the truth of such certificate ( which the said two justices are hereby enabled to take upon oath of the patty , and of such witnesses as he shall produce ) shall by warrant unto the treasurer assigne him reliefe untill the next quarter-sessions to be holden for that county or liberty , at which time a yearly pension shall be by the said justices or major part of them granted in manner and forme , and with power of revocation or alteration , as by the said statute is further declared and directed ; and in case that the captaine or officer appointed to make such certificate be dead , the said two justices shall have power upon request of them made in behalfe of the party maymed by persons of credit to give such reliefe as in case of examination aforesaid . and as touching widowes and orphans of such as have died , or have been slain in the service of the parliament ; it is hereby ordained , that over and besides such reliefe as they shall gaine by their worke and labour , and shall be allowed them by the charity and benevolence of the parish , towne , or hamlet where they are setled ( who are hereby required to have them in speciall regard ) the treasurers of the maimed souldiers for such county shall allow such further reliefe from time to time as shall be judged meete by the two next justices of the peace of such county ; the said reliefe shall be paid out of the surplusage of such stock of maintenance as shall remaine in the hands of the said treasurers after such pensions granted , and payment of them made , and of which surplusage and allowance made unto such widowes and orphants , the said treasurers shall give account from time to time , and the same distribute in such manner as by the justices shall be directed , and according to the statute aforesaid . be it further ordained , that the justices of the peace in every county or liberty , or any two of them , shall forthwith call all such treasurers , high-constables , petty-constables , or other persons ( who have formerly been intrusted with the receipt , collecting , or disposing of any summe of money charged upon any parish by vertue of the statute aforesaid , and whereof no account hath been given ; and likewise the executors and administrators of such persons ) unto account concerning such leavies , and collections made , and such money as they shall find remaining in the custody of such persons , to order forthwith to be paid unto the treasurer appointed by vertue of the said statute , or to be appointed by vertue of this ordinance , at the next quarter sessions to be holden for the county or liberty , under such penalties as by the said statute is set forth ; which said treasurer to be appointed by vertue of this ordinance shall continue by vertue hereof untill the easter sessions following . hen. elsynge cler. parl. dom. com. london , printed for edward husband , printer to the honourable house of commons , . a proclamation to prevent abuses by the souldiers: by his excellencie sir thomas fairfax, knight, commander in chiefe of the forces raised by the parliament. fairfax, thomas fairfax, baron, - . approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : - (eebo-tcp phase ). a wing f thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) a proclamation to prevent abuses by the souldiers: by his excellencie sir thomas fairfax, knight, commander in chiefe of the forces raised by the parliament. fairfax, thomas fairfax, baron, - . sheet ([ ] p.) printed for humphrey harward, london : . complaints are made of violent seizing of horses and quarter-money. no person is to take horses except by sufficient warrant, or demand quarter money, on pain of punishment by the council of war, before which all offenders are to be brought -- cf. steele. reproduction of the original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p using tcp tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between and available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the , texts created during phase of the project have been released into the public domain as of january . anyone can now take and use these texts for 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and michigan. % (or pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf- unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p , characters represented either as utf- unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng soldiers -- england -- early works to . great britain -- militia -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- early works to . - tcp assigned for keying and markup - aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images - mona logarbo sampled and proofread - mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion ¶ a proclamation to prevent abuses by the souldiers : by his excellencie sir thomas fairfax , knight , commander in chiefe of the forces raised by the parliament . whereas diverse complaints have beene made of severall abuses and misdemeanours , committed by several souldiers of the army both horse and foot , viz. that they unwarrantably impresse and violently take horses for their owne uses , from severall persons , pretending the same to be for the use of the state ; and also force persons where they quarter , to pay them unreasonable summes of money , in lieu of quarter , ( notwithstanding they are provided for at their severall quarters ) and to give them monies at their removing for their future expences , having no manner of colour for the same , tending not onely to the great prejudice and wrong to the persons injured , but also to the scandall and dishonour of the army , and contrary to the lawes and ordinances of vvar in that case made and provided . for prevention whereof , and of all other the like disorders and abuses whatsoever , i doe hereby strictly charge and require all souldiers of the army , both horse and foot , ( after proclamation hereof duly made ) to forbeare , either by themselves or others , to impresse , or by force take , any horses or mares , from any person or persons whomsoever , to their owne , or any others use , upon any pretence whatsoever , unlesse it be by sufficient warrant under the hand of the captaine or other officer lawfully authorized thereunto : and that they doe likewise forthwith forbeare to demand , take , or compell any person , where they quarter , to give them any money , upon any pretence whatsoever , either whilst they remaine at their severall quarters , or at their removals , upon such penalty and severall punishment as may be inflicted upon every such as shall be found offenders therein , by a councel of vvar. and i doe hereby require all officers of the army , in their several places , to use all possible care and diligence , to prevent the souldiers under their respective commands , from committing the aforesaid or any other the like misdemeanours . and upon discovery of such as shall be found offenders therein , to bring them to a councell of vvar in the regiment to which they belong respectively , according to a commission to that purpose granted , to the end they may be brought to condigne punishment for the same . and if any office shall wilfully neglect his duty herein , such officer shall be responsible for the misdemeanors of his respective soldiers . given under my hand & seal at wickham the . of july , . tho : fairfax . to the marshall generall , to be published at the head of every regiment of horse , foot , and dragoons , by sound of trumpet and beat of drum. a commission granted by his excellency to the colonel , lieutenant colonel , or major , of every regiment in the army , for the punishment of offences by a councel of vvar in each regiment , in pursuance of this proclamation . whereas divers misdemeanours and offences are daily committed by some soldiers of the army in their severall quarters , and other places , which cannot conveniently be brought to a councel of war at the head-quarter : i doe hereby give you full power and authority ( by the commission officers of your regiment ) to call a councell of war from time to time , and as often as need shall require , for the tryall of such persons of your regiment ( according to the lawes and ordinances of war established ) as shall be found guilty of misdemeanour : and to inflict such punishment upon them ( according to the said lawes and ordinances ) as they shall be adjudged unto for the same by the said councell . provided that this commission shall not extend to the tryall of any officers in commission , nor to the inflicting any punishment to the taking away of life or member , without first acquainting me therewith . given under my hand and seale the first day of july , . tho : fairfax . to col : lieutenant col : or major of his regiment . london printed for humphrey harward . . the souldiers march to salvation wherein is shewn the lawfulness of voluntary serving upon the assured knowledge of a just cause, how it is lawful and necessary for prest souldiers to obey authority in case of doubting ... bland, francis. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (wing b ). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page images. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing b estc r ocm this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, - ; : ) the souldiers march to salvation wherein is shewn the lawfulness of voluntary serving upon the assured knowledge of a just cause, how it is lawful and necessary for prest souldiers to obey authority in case of doubting ... bland, francis. [ ], (i.e., ) p. [s.n.], printed at yorke : . reproduction of original in huntington library. eng soldiers -- conduct of life -- early works to . war -- moral and ethical aspects -- early works to . a r (wing b ). civilwar no the souldiers march to salvation: wherein is shewn the lawfulnesse of souldiery in a necessitated warre, the lawfulnesse of voluntary servin bland, francis d the rate of defects per , words puts this text in the d category of texts with between and defects per , words. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - judith siefring sampled and proofread - judith siefring text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion the souldiers march to salvation : wherein is shewn the lawfulnesse of souldiery in a necessitated warre , the lawfulnesse of voluntary serving upon the assured knowledge of a just cause . how far it is lawfull and necessary for prest souldiers to obey authority in case of doubting . what innocency ought to be in souldiers , wherein is contained a plea against plundering ; in what cases and with what cautions it is lawfull to kill , imprison , or spoil an enemy ; with what courtesie enemies submitting are to bee received , and with what fidelity to be protected , with other things profitable to all men as well as souldiers . by francis bland , minister . printed at yorke , anno dom. . the souldiers march to salvation luke . . . and he sayed unto them , doe violence to no man , neither accuse any falsely , and be content with your wages . these words containe iohn baps●tis answer to the souldiers search for salvation , or question , what they might doe to be saved ; from whence may be collected some things generallyobserveable for all men , some things more pecular to military men : for the generalls we may first note the fidelity of iohn in a taxing the faults of these souldiers , and enjoyning them to amend and reforme their lives , if they would eschew the vengeance of god ; as he did also the extortion of the publicanes , and the incest of herod : whence we learne , what fidelity and boldnesse ought to be in pastors and preachers in reprehending sinnes , and calling for reformation . the prophet must cry aloud , and and lift up his voice like a trumpet ; the apostles must be salt because of b their doctrine , which requires mortification of the flesh , faith and repentance , which are not pleasant to a carnall man . and the wordes of the wise are as goades c which sharply prickes the slow , and awakes the sleepy , that thereby the wicked may be called from their wayes , and the godly roused from their naturall sluggishnesse to follow their duty with greater diligence . the necessity of this fidelity in all pastors and preachers may be learned from the duty of watchmen , as the prophet ezekiel is taught by god himselfe . this first teaches us our duty as s. paul did timothy , that we must reprove , rebuke , and exhort ; our sermons must be rather ad planetum then ad placitum , to call men to bewaile their sinnes then to please them in their sinnes , according to the saying of an ancient father ( teaching one the right way of preaching ) d when thou teachest in the church let not the shouts , but the sighes of the people be stirred up : let the teares of the hearers be thy commendations . hence also arise a just reprehension of such as seeme by silence to approve and by flatteries to encourage wicked men in their evill wayes , calling evill good , and casting vailes over mens faces , and sowing pillowes under their elbowes , and heale the wound deceitfully , crying peace peace when there is no peace ; and this is either through avarice and hope of gaine , or cowardice for feare of harme , if they should speake what they think , then which as s. ambrose sayd to the emperour theodosius , e there is nothing before god more dangerous , and before man more base . againe , it serves to teach you that are hearers humility in hearing the word of exhortation and reprehension , count not our plain-dealing malice , nor our selves your enemies because we tell you the truth ; call us not the troublers of israel for reprehending the vices of the times , scise us not our sermons what we should preach as those that sayed to the seers , see not , and to the prophets prophecie not us right things , speake unto us smooth things , prophesie deceits ; desire us not to say unto you in your bad wayes as ahabs chaplaines , go up , and prosper , least your ends be like his ; for the f tongues of flatterers binde mens soules in their sinnes which prepares them to chaines of utter darkenesse ; you should rather say as cornelius to peter , we are all here in the presence of god to heare all things which are commanded thee of god : or as eli did samuel , charge them to conceale nothing of all that the lord hath sayed unto them . we may further from this speech of iohn baptist to these souldiers , bidding leave their former practise and amend their wayes , by doing violence to no man , &c. observe , that in repentance to salvation there must be a forsaking of sin , and amendment of your lives ; to this the prophers and apostles beare witnesse , wash you , make you clean , put away the evil of your doings , cease to do evill , learn to do well , ( thus isaiah ) and then he promiseth forgivenesse , that though our sinnes were red like scarlet or crimson , yet they should be as white as wooll ar snow : and againe , let the wicked forsake his way and the unrighteous man his thoughts , and return unto the lord . repent and turn you from all your transgressions , faith ezekiel . and the apostles doctrine is , repent and be converted ; and to the same f purpose are the suffrages of the fathers , where there is no amendment , there repentance is surely vaine , because it wants the fruit whereunto god hath appointed it : thus one : and another sayth , that true repentance doth so lament the faults committed , that it doth not committ the faults which are to be lamented ; he is but a mocker , and not a true penitent that still doth the things which he lamenteth . let every one of us that desires repentance unto life , apply this unto his soul , with a saying of s. bernard : g if thou wilt be a true penitent , cease from sin , and sin no more : and let every one of us think that saying of our saviour first spoken to him that was diseased thirty and eight years , and after to the woman taken in adultery , to be spoken to himselfe , sin no more . secondly , let us beware of flattering our selves in our knowne sinnes , thinking with simple miserees , saying , god be mercifull to me , without sincere endeavours of reformation , to escape the damnation of hell ; and let none of us speake to himselfe in the language of the drunkard , i shall have peace though i goe on to add sin to wickednesse , and wickednesse to sin ; as drunken●sse to thirst , and thirst to drunkenesse ; for the anger of the lord and his jealousie shall smoake against such an one : let us therefore bewaile and tremble at the word of the lord , by the prophet , shall i count them righteous with wicked ballances and the bag of deceitfull weights ? which is as much as if it should be said , shall i justifie him that stills keeps his sin ? h no , but i will condemne him , seeing i am the rule of justice : and no lesse dangerous then this is recidivation , falling back to the mire and vomitt of our former filthinesse , or finnes once forsaken , against which let us note well the saying of the son of syrack ; he that washeth himself after the touching of a dead body , what availeth his washing if he touch it againe ? so it is with a man that fasteth for his sinnes , and goeth againe , and doth the same . from these generall observations , let us descend to some particulars , more nearly concerning the questioners , and men of the same order of life . and first , whereas iohn baptist doth not bid them lay downe their armes , nor renounce their troth which they plighted ; nor ( as wee say ) flye away from their colours . hence is rightly collected by learned authors in their expositions upon the place , and tractates upon this subject of warre , an approbation of souldiery or warfare , and that there is a lawfull use of armes , and warre , and that even unto christians ; for , if christians discipline did disallow all warres , the baptist would rather have given them this advice , that they should throw away their armes , and withdraw themselves from all manner of warfare ; which he did not : nor yet did our saviour forbid the centurion , in whom was found greater faith then in israel , to continue in his office ; nor the apostle s. peter teach any such lesson unto the devoute captaine cornelius his family and friends , that were gathered together to heare all things that were commanded him of god ; and solomon tels us , that there is a time of warre , as well as a time of peace . besides all these , we have the examples of worthy and godly men , serving god in military affaires ; some of which are spoken of by the apostle , as of gideon , of barak , of jephthah , of sampson , of david , and others who through faith subdued kingdomes , escaped the edge of the sword , out of weaknesse were made strong , waxed valiant in battell , and turn'd to flight the armies of aliens ; and we finde what good service claudius lysias who commanded in chiefe the garrisons and forces in hierusalem , did unto the church of god , by sending paul away from hierusalem to caesarea , with a guard of two hundred souldiers , threescore and ten horsemen , and spear men two hundred ; by which he safe escaped the conspitacy of the jews , that had bound themselves with an oath to kill him ; and of constantine the great , it is recorded what helpe he did make to the christian's , by armes against the tyrannie of lycinius , and other persecutors . againe , as we have the concession of the spirit of god for the lawfulnesse of warre , in not forbiding it , and the examples of worthy men serving god in it , so have we the wisdome of the spirit , in giving rules and lawes for military orders to be observed in the pursuit of warre ; which is another strong argument for the lawfull use of armes in needfull cases : otherwise the spirit of god would not have given rules on this matter ; and withall advising not to attempt any thing in this kinde , but with mature deliberation ; thus solomon teaches , with good advice make warre , for that is the way to safety . further , that the use of the sword is not only lawfull , but in some cases necessary , may be truely collected from the saying of the apostle , that the magistrate or higher power beareth not the sword in vaine ; there being two ▪ endes of the magistracy , the one the good and defence of those that doe good , the other the punishment of those that doe evil : unto which ends the use of the sword is very necessary , for hereby the magistrate is enabled to defend himselfe and his subjects ; himselfe , in his just power , and his subjects in their rightfull proprieties , whereunto ( without the use of the sword ) he should sometime be unable , by an over-powring strength of a forreigne enemie , and others : sometimes by the conspiring and conbining together of intestine foes , and seditions persons , raising routs and rebellions to the oppression of the people , subversion of states , ruines and alterations of kingdoms and governments , and other like mischiefes incident to human affaires ; for the prevention of which , lawes , magistrates and armes are equally necessary ; vndoubdtedly therefore seeing that there are such a multitude of wicked men , as lawes are necessary , so also magistrates , and likewise souldiers which are under them ; and wee find this practised by david , not only against the forraigne foes of himself , and his people , the philistines and ammonites : but also against the usurpation of ishbosheth , as likewise against the rebellion of absolom , and shebah , and their adherents . from hence we may inferre consolations and encouragments to those princes and magistrates , whom open hostility of forreigne enemies ( as jehoshaphat assaulted by the moabites , and ammonites . ) or the intestine disobedience of unnaturall traitours and rebells ( as david by the rebellions of absolom , or shebah ) or the exigencie and distresse of friends , ( as lots captivity did abraham ) or allies and confedrates ( as the gibeonites being in feare of the five kings did joshuah ) doe necessitate and compell to draw the sword , and make warre ( for we do alwayes think that , warre ought to be of necessity ) and do propound unto themselves just ends , as defence of themselves and subjects , their friends and confederates , in their just powers , rights , proprieties and priviledges from wrongs ; reparation of injuries , for which no reparation can be had by peace , restraint of violence or confusion , arising by tumultuous and factious men , restitution of peace and publique tranquiltie where it is violated or broken , and conservation of it where it is assaulted ; for warre is waged , that peace may be obtained ; these ends i say , and not sinister and private aimes propounded , as enslaving free subjects , oppression of weaker states , invasions and conquests of others dominions , enlarging private territories and treasures , and such like ; which ends doe render a warre lawfull . and together with these ends , doe not prosecute their warres with a purpose to hurt , cruelly thirsting after revenge with implacable malice , brutish rebellion , and desire of dominearinge ; with such other like affections , of which it is said , that in warres they are justly condemnable , but being on the other side peaceably affected , only seeking and demanding reparation of injuries , offering conditions of peace and agreement , and having a mind prepared to embrace peace , when it shall be offered ; and purposeth nothing more then to reduce those whom they shall subdue unto peace and unity , according to this direction ; be a peace-maker by warring , that those whom thou conquerest , thou maist reduce unto the unity of peace ; these i say herein may bee comforted and encouraged , their service herein is no lesse acceptable to god , though it be done by the sword , then that which they performe in the administration of justice by the scepter in times of peace and greatest tranquility . secondly , this consolation and encouragement extends unto all souldiers , that are called to armes by just authoritie , and doe serve under their princes in the lords battels ; the workes of a just warre duely managed , are no more by-wayes to true happinesse , then the workes of their ordinary vocations in times of peace ; yea , so it may bee , that just and godly souldiers may serve under a wicked king or prince , and yet may be free from sinne ▪ a just man if happily he serve under a king that is a sacrilegious man , may rightly warre vnder his command , if instead of peace , keeping the order of warre , he be assured that the thing which is commanded him be not contrary to the commandement of god , or bee vncertaine whether it be so or not : and thus the unjust command may make the king an offendex , but the order of serving may shew the souldier to be innocent . unto the question which is sometime made , seeing princes do sometimes raise warres from bad affections , and for wicked ends and purposes , how should the consciences of the subjects be satified ? it is answered thus , or to this purpose ; the subjects either know the cause wherein the king commands their service to bee just or wicked , or else they are ignorant or doubtfull whether it be so or not ; in case of sure knowledge , there is no difficulty in answering , but they ought to obey , the cause being just , and to refuse obedience , the cause ▪ being apparantly unjust ; and any thing commanded repugnant to justice , godlinesse and religion , and are rather to suffer his displeasure , then fullfill his will contrary to a good conscience , remembring god is to be obeyed before man ; but if they be doubtfull , or ignorant , then the subject ought to be perswaded that the cause and intended ends of such warre are just , and that it is not undertaken contary to the word of god ; and because subjects cannot alwayes understand the councels of their princes , here in the case of doubting , the rule must be followed , hold that which is certaine , and leave the vncertainty ; but the certaine is that princes and powers are to be obeyed , which command nothing contrary to the word ; and in so doing , as a sanctuary or refuge was appointed by the lawe to him that killed his neighbour not wilfully , or of set purpose , so the subjects are worthily excused , whilest in a doubtfull cause they obey their prince . thirdly , this consolation and encouragement extends not only to princes and souldiers prest and compelled to armes by their authority , but even unto voluntiers , such as upon the knowledge and perswasion of a just cause , for love to uplhold the honour of god , and the king his vicegerent , and for the safety of their country , church , laws , liberties , and religion , or for the defence and vindication of their friends , allies and confederates , do of their owne free will and meer motion betake themselves to armes ; so as not being moved with mercenary ends , respecting pay and hire , which are the attractives of mercenary souldiers , a sort of men condemned not only of divine but even humane authors . as of the noble pyrr●us it is said , that he would not have hucksters of warre ; that would sell their strength and kill for mony . and a poet satyrically thus declames against them . faith and devotion are of one account , to men that campe● and mexcenary warre frequent ▪ there's right where greatest pay doth mount , for little hire they serve , that 's all they care . but not being drawne by this consideration of pay , or intent together wealth by pillage and booty , respecting neither the cause for which they fight , nor person , whether turke , tyrant or traytour under whom they serve , which doth render the warre unlawfnll ▪ according to the saying of s. austen ; to warre it is not a sin , but to make warre or serve in warre for the prey or booty , is a sin . but those ( i say ) whose candid spirits are free from such sinister and base intendements , their voluntary and valourous endeavours , and adventuring their lives , and what is precious unto them , ( like those noble voluntiers the governours of israel that offered themselves willingly among the people ) as their act is worthy of unfading honor , so may they receive infallible comfort and incouragement , and know themselves as well as others , not to be murderers , but ministers of the law ; not revengers of their owne priviate wrongs , but defenders of the publike safety ; as t is noted that iohn baptist did account these souldiers in our text . i will stretch this line no further , least i seem to flatter , only i crave leave to adde this pithy exhortation , which i have borrowed from an author , not unlearned ; and here inserted it , being very profitable for all souldiers to observe ; let the christian souldier therefore be ever doing something , let him be couragious , faithfull , laborious , and obedient to his commanders ; let him not slip any occasion , but be excercised in military discipline , let him not be cowardly , but valiant ; not cruell and bloudy , but yet severe and withall gentle , and courteous , as times shall require ; let him spoile nothing that he can preserve , and before all things , let him not neglect his dayly and constant prayers unto god , as well in safety , as in midst of danger : let him begin all things with god , and , without god , attempt nought at all ; if hee taste adversity , let him not cast downe his heart , and if he enjoy prosperity let him not be proud , but ever thankfull , and alwayes use the victory with clemencie and mercy ; let him totally depend upon god , and desire nothing more then the defence of the common-wealth , lawes , religion , justice and the innocent ; and thus fighting the good fight , he shall at last obtaine the crowne of righteousnesse ; and if the lord of hosts ( which is the generall of all armies , and other generalls but his officers ) at his comming shall finde him thus doing , he shall be no lesse happy , then if he were found imployed in the workes of his ordinary vocation ; or at his prayers and exercise of his most pious and sacred devotions , and upon his monument may worthily be inscribed this epitaph , valour was the associate of his life and the comerade of his death was glory . having seen the lawfulnesse of souldiery , let us now come to see what is unlawfull in souldiers , taught us by these words of john baptist , do violence to no man , neither accuse any salsely , and be content with your wages ; wherein are observable , these things . first , that they must hurt no mans person , oppressing the poore which cannot defend themselves , wounding their bodies , unduly affrighting them , or other wayes injuring them under pretence of their office ; for it usually happens , that those armes which the prince commands to be taken up for the defence of the publike orders , and honesty , are turned to the dammage and ruine of the inhabitants of city and country for oftentimes the souldiers do plunder and burne houses , drive away the inhabitants , ravish the women , breake open the doores , and commic such like outrages ; all which they think lawfull for them being souldiers . secondly , they must not accuse any man falsly , or lay some capitall crime to his charge , as some did , accusing the innocent , and making information against them to the generall , or other chiefe commanders , that they might thereby lick money out of the rich men , which they could not otherwayes extort out of them , and at the last some part of the goods that were confiscated , might accrew to the informer , for their labour , and for the hire of such information . thirdly , they must be content with their wages , such pay as was allowed unto them by the emperor for their labor & pains taken in war for the defence of the commonwealth , or with such proportion of victualls as was appointed them , for in times past souldiers had not their pay in mony , but in victualls ▪ and with this iohn teacheth them to be content , and not to extort mens goods from them , or to grate giftes out of them , or to borrow any thing , or buy it of them , and pay them either slowly , little , or nought at all ; thus the words are expounded by divers authors of great learning and famous in the church ; from all which we learne , how innocent souldiers ought to be , and to offend or wrong no man in body , name or goods , not in body , they must do violen●e to no man , not in name , they must not accuse any falsely , nor in goods by force or fraud ; for injuries may be done either by open force or cunning subtility : but they must be content with their wages . that i may drive this nayle ( as solomon cals the words of the wise ) to the head , give me leave to beate it home with some reasons or argument ; and first , because i speak unto christians , this may be learned from christ , who commands us to be innocent or harmlesse as doves . this we are taught to be the foundation of our spirituall building up in a christian practice and upright living , by an ancient father thus speaking ; whilst thou art building thy spirituall house , let the foundation be first layd not upon light sand , but upon the solid rock , upon which thou maiest more easely reare up the high top of righteousnesse ; for he fulfilleth the greatest part of righteousnesse , that hurts no body ; and he which shall lay the foundation of innocencie , and proceed on the high topp of righteousnesse , howsoever he shall be tossed in tumultuous warres and troubles for a short while in this life , yet shall hee be sure to find rest and peace at the last ; if not in his life , yet at least in his death ; as we learne from davids words ; keep innocency and take heed unto the thing that is right , for that shall bring a man peace at the last ; or as the other translation reades it , marke the perfect man and behold the upright , for the end of that man is peace ; or as another reade● , the last thing that shall be given to such a man is peace . a second argument to induce souldiers to innocencie , shall be the same that abigail used to restraine david from plundring and destroying nabal , as he had resolved , in revenge of a discourtesie , in nabals refusing to send him some small provision , which he requested of him in his great necessity ; my lord ( said shee ) fighteth the lords battels , and evill hath not been found in thee all thy dayes ; it is thus read by a learned translatour ; if my lord fight the lords battels , and evil should not be sound in thee ; and another thus , seeing thou my lord wagest the lords warres , therefore let not iniquity bee found in thee : teaching us , that those that fight the lords battels , ( as all those doe who fight under a just authority in a good and just cause ) should be carefull to be free from violence and iniquity . it is a disgrace to an honest man to have wicked persons lodge in his house , and to a school-master to have rakehells under his tuition , and to a generall to harbour villains under his command ; but most of all it is a dishonour to the majesty of the lord of hosts , that wickednesse and villany should march under his colours , and take up quarters in his leaguers and garrisons . a third reason may be collected also from other words of abigail in the pursuit of her businesse unto david , this shall be no griefe unto thee , nor offence of heart to my lord ( saith shee ) either that thou hast shed blood causelesse ▪ or that my lord hath avenged himselfe ; if her former argument will not move , her latter surely will prove effectuall ; though a man respect not the glory of god , yet surely he will ( even of selfe-love ) have respect to his owne comfort , and freedom from a tormenting conscience , which by innocencie is conserved ; and know all men assuredly , that those who now lay siege to townes and castles , shall one day either in warre or peace , in bed or battel be besieged with the memory of their sinnes ; and then , this unto him shall be a brazen wall , his conscience to fear no sinn at all . a strong fort ( i say ) it shall be , and impregnable to all the hellish furies , to have a conscience void of offence before god and man , when innocent and causlesse blood , plundered goods , and unjust booty , shall be unto the actors thereof , as the elephants blood unto the dragons , that sucking the blood of the elephants , do kill them , and they themselves , being drunk & therewith , oppressed , not able to digest it , die also : so those that by violence , rapine and injustice have killed and undone others , shall by such deeds be utterly and eternally undone themselves . a fourth reason recalling souldiers from violence , may be taken from the malignant effect or consequence hereof , that it makes the expedition unsuccessefull , and prepares discomsiture to the whole army , and that by these particulars . first , hereby the accesse of their prayers unto god , & his acceptance of them is hindered , according to the menace of the prophet isaiah , vvhen you spread out your hands i will hide mine eyes , yea when you make many prayers i will not hear ; your hands are full of blood . the necessity of innocent hands to be presented to god in prayer , those that had onely naturall theologie well perceived , and therefore the persians arriving at delphos with a navy of a thousand ships , did present in apolloes temple rather religious then rapicious hands . and for the practice and efficacy of prayers in armies , we have the examples of jehoshaphat assaulted by the moabites and ammonites , and of the christian emperours constantine , who appointed prayers unto his souldiers , and taught them to ascribe the victories unto god , and to crave his blessing and assistance for the time to come ; and theodosius , who counted his prayers his best and accustomed forces : besides , our own chronicles relate the effect of prayer in the army of king william the conquerour , who the night and morning before the battell with harold , did give themselves to acknowledge their sins , prayer , and communicating the lords body ; whilest harold and his forces spent the whole night in drinking , singing and dancing . . the conscience , wherin remains the memory of former violence & injustice , makes men cowards , and afraid to grapple with death , which they must encounter together with their enemies in the field ; and so afraid of their enemies , as deaths messengers : the reward of an evill conscience is to fear those unto whom a man might be a terrour ; and this makes them to be as swift as harts in time of warre , that are as stout as lyons in time of peace ; whereas a candid and clear conscience that is not terrified with the memory of by-past sins , makes them that expedite a good cause as bold as lyons . it was a noble saying of one dercyllidas a senatour of lacedemonia , hearing that pyrrhus lead a great army against them , and threatned sore , if he be a god that threatens us , let us not fear , for we do nothing amisse ; but if he be a man , let him know that he threatens men . this ( i say ) is the fruit of a guiltlesse conscience , which may encourage the possessor to say of his enemies , kill me they may , hurt me they cannot . but the evill conscience , fearing death , not onely as the dissolution of nature , but as gods provost-marshall , to arrest him , binde him hand and foot , neck and heels , and so cast him into utter darknesse and eternall torments ; no wonder it is if it beget a cowardize the heart of souldiers , and so they become either runawayes from their colours , or in hot service to hang back , which giveth advantage to the enemie , discourageth their fellows , disorders the army , and hazzards all . thirdly , violence , rapine and injustice in some souldiers causeth god to withdraw himself from the whole army , and so for wicked and impious men the rest are destitute of the help of god , and beaten of their enemies ; yea , although they otherwise prosecute a good cause , as is apparent in the case of achan , whereunto i referr you ; and of the jewes affairs in their warrs , it is observed by chrysostome , that they were conquered not of the weaknesse of body , but of their wickednesse and further notes , how the midianites understanding that the israelites could not be vanquished by the sword , cunningly sought to bring them into sin , by sending their daughters to commit whoredome with them , and then after they fell into sin they became easie to be subdued of all ▪ and those whom arms , and horses , and souldiers and so many enemies could not take , the nature of sin betrayed them bound unto their enemies . and not unlike to this observation of this ancient father is the observation and sad complaint of the impiety and wickednesse of some souldiers by a learned author of latter times , what fruit i pray you reap we from such seed ? we are conquered of the turks , we are a scorn to all nations ; kingdoms perish and are subdued to mahometisme , and wee are daily involved in inexplicable miseries . thus by violence , rapine and other sinns in souldiers , whilest their prayers are rejected , their courage abated , and gods favour and help alienated , are whole armies routed and discomfited , and thereby kingdoms overthrown and ruinated . a fourth reason , and that a very forcible one to disswade souldiers , and indeed all manner of men from violence , rapine and injustice , may be taken from the unfruitfulnesse of such acts , and consideration of what benefit is gotten by such deeds ; suppose a man could get into his hands all the wealth of the world , and bring the kingdoms under his dominion , when he shall thinke to sing a requiem to his soule and to take his ease , having goods laid up for many years , at last hee must heare or feele what is spoken to the richman , thou fool this night shall they fetch away thy soule from thee , then whose shall those things be that thou hast gotten ? those kingdoms which thou hast subdued , those lands and houses which thou now possessest , having expelled the old inhabitants , those clothes and jewells wherewith thou now arrayest and adornest thy selfe , whilest the ancient owners goe fortorne and distitute , whose shall they be ? thine they shall not be , for thy soule shall be fetched away from thee ▪ and for thy body , naked camest thou out of thy mothers wombe , and naked shalt thou returne thither ; all thy high trophies and rich prizes and booties left behind thee ▪ ●nd thou , if thy desires were as boundlesse as alexanders of whom it was said , that , one world doth not the pellaean youth suffice . yet , then with a cophine thou must be content . but if thy ashes after thy death shall have the honour of a statue , or a rich monument , yet time will consume it , or malice breake it downe . as scipio africanus his statue was broken downe , and removed from the place where it was first set , and the brazen urne wherein his ashes were put , with an epitaph inscribed , of which these verses were a part , whom neither europe could resist , nor afrique in times past , see mens affayres , how him doth hold a little ●●rn at last . but might they so part with on even hands their acts of violence , plundering and injustice , happy were they ; but then comes their mischiefe , that 〈◊〉 s. austen sayth , this is the unhappinesse of men , that the thing for which they sin when they die , they leave here behind them , but their sinnes themselves they cary along with them ; and an heavy burthen will such a carriage be unto their soules . a●hans heape of stones , which were cast upon him , were heavier sure then the babylonish garments , and all the gold and silver that he had plundered at hiericho : but if those stones were poysed , they would be found lighter by much then the guilt of those sinnes , which by violence , plundering , rapine , and other acts of injustice , men doe contract unto their soules , ●o heavy is it , as they are not able to beare it , and yet so adhering that they were not able to shake it of . oh who is able to expresse with what unwillingnesse the soul at death doth undertake its necessitated departure , being loath to leave the things that were precious to it , and appear before god with a conscience blotted with innocent blood , and other acts of cruelty and injustice , which if it might , it would now cast away with as much disdaine and anguish of spirit , as iudas did the thirty peeces of silver gotten for betraying christ ; and through the terrour of an accusing conscience , despairing , cry out , i have sinned in shedding the blood , cheating , extorting , and plundering the goods , and in slandering and defaming the credits and causes of just and innocent persons . there is an excellent passage in s. bernard , which we will borrow , being very profitable to the pursuance of this argument ; when the soul with great feare and mighty griefes is separated from the body , then do the angels command , arrest it , and bring it before the throne of the dreadfull judge , and then the silly soule remembring all the evil , yea the worst deeds , which day or night it wrought , shal tremble & crave sparing , or ( as wee say ) cry quarter , saying , give me leave & spaning , if it be but for an hours space ; but then his sinnes ( as it were ) speaking , shall say unto him , thou hast wrought us , we are thy deeds , wee will not leave thee , but we will be alwayes with thee , and goe with thee to judgement ; then his vices shall accuse his soule with many and s●●dry crimes , and shall find many false witnesses against it , though the true ones are enough to its condemnation ; the divels also with a terrible countenance and horrible aspect , shall affright it , and with a great fury persecute it , and catch at it , desiring to keep and possesse it , except there be some to deliver it : then the soule findes the eyes and mouth and other senses shut up , by which it was wont to goe out and solace it selfe in outward things , shall turne back into it selfe , and seeing it selfe all alone and naked , shall ( thorow despaire ) faile in it selfe , and fall under its owne selfe ; and because for the love of the world and pleasure of the flesh it hath forsaken the love of god , it shall be forsaken of god in the houre of so great necessity , and be delivered to the divels in hell to be tormented . thus farre s. bernard , whose meditation , ( were it well thought upon and seriously beleeved ) would worke undoubtedly a great restraint in men from many acts of violence and injustice , which now without scruple of conscience they commit . but supposing all that hath been said to be spoken of friends , what may be done to enemies ? sure it is lawfull to ●se all violence against them ; hereunto i answer ; first we are to consider enemies as men opponent to peace and justice , and to these they are by warrs to be reduced ; and no other ends in the pursuite of enemies by sword and hostile acts are to be sought for ; according to the saying of tully , for this end are wars undertaken : that men may live in peace with justice . and s. austen calls a just warre , peace sought , or a seeking of peace : these authors from nature and divinity , teaching us , that whatsoever is done in warre ought to aime at these ends of peace and justice : as first , to offer conditions of peace , as was commanded by god unto the people of israel , and if they should be accepted , then their enemies were to be preserved in safety ; upon the performance of tribute or conditions agreed on . secondly , if such conditions of peace should be refused , then were the enemies to be prosecuted in hostile manner , as killing the men and spoyling their goods ; but here the lord , though he gave the israelites liberty against their enemies , yet he gave them two rules of restrainte ; first , the sword should nor touch the innocent , as women and children . secondly , regard was to be had of such things as were necessary to the preservation of life , as fruit-trees , of which respect was to be had , that they were not to be cut downe for any service in warre or in a siege of a city ; because the tree of the field is mans life : the like we may understand of corne-fields and meadowes , gardens , and orchards ; by the fruit and strength whereof mans life is preserved ; and surely the conservation of these , both in leaguers and marches , ought very heedfully to be provided , whether they belong to friends or foes ; if they belong friends , it is inhumane to spoyl or waste them ; if they belong to enemies , it is great pollicy to preserve them , that the army may be supplied with necessaries ; and here if i could doe it without seeming to digresse , i would gladly plead for the safety and immunity of the fruits of the ground from spoyle and devastation in warrs , and make suite for a protection for the husbandman and his labours , together with things belonging unto husbandry , that they might be safe from violence , the necessity of agriculture or husbandry being of such consequence , that by it onely both in warres and peace the life of kings and kingdoms is conserved ; for this cause there was an imperiall lawe , that husbandmen and such as were occupied in country businesses , whilst they were resident in villages and country-townes , should be secure in any part of the empire , so as none should be found that dare presume to invade , take or violently carry away their persons , oxen , instruments of husbandry , or whatsoever belonged unto the country-work ; and if any man should dare through rash boldnesse to violate and breake this statute , he should restore what he had taken fourefold , should incurre infamie by the law , and be further punished at the generals or emperours discretion : and as the the commonwealth , so the church according to its power did provide for the priviledge and safety of husbandmen among others , that , those who were employed in husbandry , and their cattell wherewith they tilled the ground , and carried seed to the field , should enjoy convenient security : and of cyrus the great it is registred , that when he went to warrs , he caused proclamation to be made , that husbandmen should be spared , and that the conquest should be so ordered , that they might still remaine in their possessions ; and of xerxes king of persia in his expedition against the graecians , that he gave charge for the indemnity of country men , saying unto one artabanus , let us fight with armed men , and souldirs , and not with shepherds ; and of the ancient indians it was counted a wrong in warres , either to take the husbandmen , or to spoyle their fields ; and such was their care for husbandry , that at one and the same time and place some did meet and joyn battle with their enemies ; when others did plow and digge , and that without any danger . this course was taken by charles the fifth , in his warres with francis king of france , in piedmount ; so as they kept either of them a numerous army , for certaine years , otherwise provision would quickly have been wanting to their forces . but to return from whence we digressed ; women , and children being spared , the ftuits of the earth conserved , and husbandmen kept indemnified , those , who by force and armes oppose peace and justice , to such armed powers as seeke to establish them , to kill and slay , none will deny to be acts of justice : or to take them alive , and imprison or enslave them , and to appropriate their goods , riches , and possessions as a lawfull prize unto the conquerors ; and yet herein much caution is to be had , whereunto it shall not be unprofitable to observe these rules . first , in killing , slaying and taking away the life of the enemy , is much regard to be had with what mind , intentions , and affections it is done . s. bernard hath a distinction very profitable to this purpose . first , if thou prevailest , and perhaps killest a man out of desire of conquest and revenge , then thou livest a murtherer ; which name who is he that would not be loath to carry among men , or that his soule should appeare in the presence of god with so grievous a sin upon the conscience , as the murther of a man : that creature whereon god hath set the glorious character of his own image . secondly , there is neverthelesse some which neither out of zeal , to revenge , nor desire of vistory , kils a man , but only for remedies sake , of avoyding or eschewing some ill ; as to suppresse rebellion , to resist invasions , oppessions and the like ; in which cases to kill an enemie is undoubtedly lawfull . and yet herein it shall much behove the killer , ( though necessity compell him to destroy the body of his enemie ) to wish well unto him that falleth under his hand , and together with the wounds of death which hee giveth him , to pray unto god to save his soule , and to grant him repentance , faith , and every grace that is needfull to everlasting life . againe , not only in taking away the life of the enemy , but also in imprisoning or enslaving his person , and taking his goods , appropriating them to the conquerours themselves , is much moderation and gentle clemency to be used . and that for these reasons ; first humanitie requires it , the conquerours and conquered being both of one nature , and deriving their originals both from one roote , and that these warres as other oppositions , are the consequents of mans fall , wherein the conquerours , and conquered had equall share , being in the loyns of adam , which should move the conquerours to pity those who by hostile acts , whether force or feats of warre , are subdued ; and to say of them as ahab king of israel , said of benhadab king of syria , subdued by his forces , and making suit for quarter , hee is my brother ; and the conquerours should behold neither the mortall wounds , nor the living miseries of their subdued enemies , but with compassion . thus of aneas it is said , when he saw the blood and fall of lausus his enemie , slaine by his owne hand , he lamented him pitifully ; and therefore is called , the image of piety ( i may say , of pitie ▪ ) and of mar●ollas , which having conquered sicilie , which had stood out very obstinately against him , and standing upon a high place that he might behold the condition of that citie , which of late was most rich and flourishing , but now most miserable , hee could not abstaine from weeping , so as if some man had seen him , and not known how the case had been , he would have thought the victory to have been anothers ; which made one say to distressed sicilie , this may be some gratulation or mitigation of thy griese , because seeing thou mightest not stand in safety , thou fallest so easily under so gentle a conquerour , omitting other examples , these shew us , that the sweetnesse of humanity pierceth the brutish dispositions of barbarians , mollifieth the hard and cruell eyes of enemies , and bendeth those spirits that are most proud and insolent of their victory , it conquereth anger , scals hatred , and mixeth the blood of an enemie with his enemies teares . againe , as humanity , so christianity teacheth us to be propense and ready to clemency and mercy unto conquered enemies ; seeing those warrs which are waged amongst christians , when they are of one religion , are more then civill warrs , yea though they be just , our magistrates ( except their be just reasons that withstand it ) ought to carry minds so much more ready to shew mercy unto those that are conquered ; and not only magistrates and commanders , but all souldiers and military men , even for christianities sake , ( if so be they be christians ) ought to be ready to shew mercy and gentlenesse to those that are subdued , or brought under their power : excellent and imitable is the example of the valiant and victorious first christian emperour constantine , who in his warres , during the battell , gave charge , that there should not be a slaughter of many , whereby he tooke no more care for the safety of his owne , then of his enemies ; and when victory was gotten , his charge was , that they should have mercy on the prisoners , and seeing they more men , the oblivion or forgetfulnesse of humane nature should never overtake them ; and if at any time he saw the minds of his souldiers to be very fierce , he would refraine them with gifts ; and further gave order , that if any could take an enemy alive , he should be rewarded ; by which means the wisdome of the emperour found out an alluring way for the conservation of men , so as infinite numbers , even of very barbarians , escaped safe ; of this rare goodnesse and mercy of the emperour , one ( as it were sighing ) thus speaks , alas for this clemency and gentlenesse that it is out of fashion in this our age ! further it would much induce the victors or conquerours to shew clemency and be kind to the conquered and subdued , if they should reflect upon themselves , and seriously bethink what clemencie or kindnesse they would desire if they were in the same case , and therewith remember the speech of our saviour , whatsoever yee would that men should do unto you , doe yee even so unto them ; and that with the the same measure that ●ee meete to others , it shall be measured to you againe , and surely such considerations may well at some time take hold of them , as iulius caesar , hearing this sentence , it may befall to every one , that befall to any one ; to any one ; he fell a weeping and being demanded the cause of such teares , he answered , i lament the fall of pompey , and am affraid of mine ow●● fortune : and it is a very frequent , that the same quarter men give to others , they receive backe againe from others , as in the case of adonibezek and agag , generall ioa● and others , may be seen . to be short , a warning peece unto all men may be that severe threat of the lord by the prophet isaiah , we unto theo that spoylest ( or as we say plunderest ▪ ) and thou wast not spoyled , and dealest treacherously , and they dealt not treacherously with thee : for when thou shalt cease to spoile , thou shall be spoiled . in which wordes the prophet seemes to threaten the king of assyria , or the land , or ninivelh , the chiefe city of assyria , which did oppresse , spoile and plunder the nations about them , that they should be spoiled afterward ; as if it should be said , woe unto thee that spoilest and plunderest the nations about thee ; now thou maist spoile and plunder at thy pleasure , there is no strength to resist thee ; but there will be some , one time or other , that will plunder thee againe ; which came to passe when the c●aldeans did come and destroyed niniveh ▪ so the assyrians did plunder the jews , and the chaldees did plunder the assyrians ; wee will conclude with a sentence of an heathen author , a little refined , thus doth the providence of god change the affaires and businesse of men . unto these arguments we may add this one , that gentle and courteous usage of those that are subdued , helpeth to drew others unto a voluntary submission , to lay down armes , and embrace peace and justice ; as benbadab king of syria his servants moved their master , that with sackcloth upon their loyns , and roaps● about their neckes they might grave pardon for him , and obtaine a pacification at the king of israels hands ( whom he had unjustly by warre provoked ) because they had heard that the kings of the house of israel were mercifull kings ; and of tygrane● king of armenin his willing submission ( as an authour reportes ) to pompey , is ascribed to his assurance of pompeys clemency ; whereas on the other part , if there be not a certain● expectation of gentle and kind usage upon submission it makes enemies that they will fight it out to the last man , and rather chuse to die in battell , then to submit , yea perchance being death upon thems selves , as rhas●s , of whom in the history of the maccabe●s it is reported , that he first fell upon his own sword , then leaped downe from , awall amongst his enemies , and at last pulled out his owne gutts , and threw them among them ; chusing rather such a death , then to fall into the hands of the wicked , and be abused otherwise then beseemed him : or if captives be discourteously used , it will drive them to worke some feate to bring destruction upon their victors or conquerours , yea though it be purchased with their owne ruine also ; as sampson pulling the house upon himselfe , and the philistines , triumphing over him , so ●he became revenged for the great indignitie which he suffered and at his death he flew more then he had done in his life . the sum of all these arguments is , that humaniti● , christianitie , consideration of like future condition , and the motive to induce others opponents and enemies to voluntary submission , and pacification , may plead for , and obtaine clemency and courteous dealing with enemies subdued and conquered . something would yet be spoken of dealing humanely and courteously with a enemie , and that even after his death● which in a word is to commend his body to due burials ; there was a law among the hebrewes that they should not suffer the dead bodies of their enemies to lie unburied ; and we find how david did take in good part the action of the men of jabesh-gilead that buryed ▪ saul , who had been his enemie , and slaine by anothers hand ; and of the worthy judas maccubaeus , that he used to burie the bodies of his slaine enemies ; yea , we have the heroique heathens , performing thus much , as caesar to his enemie pompey , whose head being cut off and lying long unburied , ( forgetting that he had been an enemie ) he caused to have an honourable funerall fire perfumed with many precious and sweet spices ; and marcus . antonius gave the body of marcus brutus his late enemie , unto one that had been brutus his servant , that it might be buried ; and to the end it might have the more honourable rites , he gave him his owne roabes to cover his corps in the funerall : his hatred being laid aside , counting him , being dead , not as an enemie , but a citizen ; and hannibat would not suffer the bodies of his enemies aemylius paulus , tiberius gracchus , and marcus , marcellus to lie unburied , but caused them to be interred , saying , that taulus gracchus and marcellus brought him somewhat greater honour being buried , then being subdued by him . these examples from holy and humane stories , are enough to convince the inhumanitie of those who rifle and strippe the bodies of their slaine enemies , and so leave them naked to be a prey to ravenous birdes and beasts : i wish it might not be sometime said of such , the dead bodies of thy servants have they given to be meat unto the fowls of the ayre , and the flesh of thy saints unto the beasts of the land . there are yet another sort of enemies , which upon the offer of conditions of peace , ( which , as we have shewed asore out of deut. . , . were to be made at the beginning of warre ) shall accept of such conditions , and submit , or shall desire to be received into protection , upon conditions to be agreed upon ; these upon the performance of such conditions , may challenge a greater measure of kindnesse and gentle dealing , then any of which it is yet spoken , they are not onely to be suffered , but to be saved and kept harmlesse ; thus josh●ah did not onely spare the gibeonites , that they should not suffer by any under his command , but did also protect them against the kings of the amorites which came against them : and when saul out of his zeal to the children of israel , would have broken the league , and destroyed the gibeonites , god punished his attempt with three yeers famine , and at last by hanging up seven of sauls sons . and david was much offended , and cursed the act of ●oab● who was generall of his forces against ishbosheth ) treacherously murthering abner , who had been in open & actuall rebellion against him , and generall of ishbosheth his forces , after he had granted him pardon . and of the noble and victorious emperour constantine it is recorded , that if those that were of the contrary part , finding themselves to weak to resist his power , would come and lay down armes , and falling down at his feet , crave quarter and pardon , he would receive them all , and keep them safe ; as taking delight in saving of men . it would be too long to relate all examples of this sort , as of pompey , who having conquered tygranes king of armenia , would not suffer him to bee long craving his favour , but with good words comforted him , and restored him his crown , which he had cast down at pompey his feet , and restored him to his former estate ; judging it alike honourable to create kings , as to conquer them . and the famous act of lucius paulus , who hearing that perses , ( who of a king in a short time was made a captive ) was brought to him , he went out to meete him , in his impertiall roabes , and when the captivated king would have fallen on his knees before lucius paulus , he would not suffer him , but lifted him up , bad him be of good comfort , brought him into his tent , made him sit beside him in his counsell , vouchsafed him the honour of his table , with other courteous respects ; in which spectacle of perse● subjected , and lucius paulus so humanely and kindely dealing with him , it may appeare , that if it bee a famous act to subdue an enemie , it is no lesse praise worth to know how to take pitie upon the affllicted and him that is in misery . thus from sacred and humane authoritie may be learned , with what gentle and courteous respect to entertaine , and fidelitie to protect enemies upon conditious of peace , and submission . the application of this which hath been spoken will be of singular use to all souldiers , and all men whosoever are employed in militarie affaires , to prevent that excuse which s. austen notes to have been common among souldiers , and other officers of publicke businesses ; when : they greatly offend they excuse themselves at first with this saying , that they are souldiers ; as if then it were lawfull for them to doe any thing . tertullian speaking of souldiers , that are christians , requires two things of them : the one ; that they commit nothing against god . , the other , that they be ready to suffer for god ▪ for warre ●●miseth neither impunity , nor freedom from punishment of sin , nor immunitie or priviledge from martyrdome : but some will say , because they are souldiers , they must needs do so ; but our author will tell us , there is no necessity to sin layed upon them , upon whom lyeth the only necessity not to sin at all ; in that which hath been said , we have seen the necessity of not sinning , by violence and false accusations against any man , and how souldiers should carry themselves to friends and enemies , rather to be helpfull to both , then by injustice hurtfull to either ; to hurt a friend is villainous , to help an enemie ( so it redound not to our owne wrong ) or to abstaine from harming him , is a token of a minde truly noble and valourous : such i wish were billeted in all souldiers breasts , and that there could not be found any ( among christians especially ) which neither respect friend nor foe , so as their owne pleasure or profit may be promoted ; such a one erasmus saith he once met with , and heard him ( being a captaine ) thus advice his souldiers : they should plunder what they could , whether the goods of their friends or foes ; for howsoever the matter should fall , at the worst they could but be compelled to restitution : and at the least some part of the pillage would remaine with the plunderer ; but leaving such to the judgement of the lord of hosts ; it shal bring more honour to souldiers in their life , and more comfort and hope at their death , if they shall observe this counsell which aurelianus the emperour gave to his tribune , or sergeant-major ; if thou wilst be a tribune , yea if thou intendest to live , restraine the hands of the souldiers , let no man steal another mans chicken , let no man touch another mans sheep , let no man pluck another mans grape , let none thrash out another mans corne , let every one be content with his owne victualls , and let him have what hee gets out of the spoyle of his enemies , and not out of the teares of such as are under our charge , whom wee should protect : and the admirable discipline of the turkes is worth learning ( and i wish it rise not up in judgement against christians ) of which it is said . that no souldier dare take any thing injustly , if he doe , he is punished without pitie : and that there are appointed officers to looke to those things which are in way that the souldiers march , so as bread , eggs , fruites , oates , and such like things are carried by boyes of eight or tenn years old , and nothing touched ; and orchards full of fruit by the way-side , yet none dare pluck an apple without the owners consent ; if he doe , his head is lost for it . let christian-souldiers thinke it a shame that heathens and turkes should outgoe them in just and innocent actions and demeanours ; and let them study so to carry themselvs , both in marches and quarters , that they may say as samuel , whose ox have i taken , or whose asse have i taken ? who have i defrauded ? whom have i oppressed ? or of whose hand have i received any bribes ? and when they enter into armes , take unto them the brave resolution which abraham carried in his noble breast , when he came to the assistance of the king of sodome , against chedorlaomer , and to relieve his friend lot , who was taken prisoner , that he would not take from a threed even to a shoo-latchet : let them walk in the steps of their father abraham , and they shall march unto salvation , and rest in abrahams bosome ; and as their fame shall be honourable , so shall their harmlesse spirits , holding a true faith in jesus christ , the captaine of our salvation , when they shall sigh them out upon their bedds , or dropp them out at their wounds , with their blood upon the field , so encourage them , that they may say , i neither shame to live , nor do i shrinke or am affraid to die . secondly , if such innocency be required in souldiers , what is required of men imployed in places and vocations of peace , and tranquility in the commonwealth , how innocent ought they to bee , to life and person , name and credite , goods and estates of their neighbours , not to wrong them , but according to their abilitie , to labour and endeavour to preserve them , and neglect no meanes that may doe them good ; for by these two wayes it is offended against our neighbour , either by commission of injuries , or omission of kindnesses , according to the saying of s. austen , by two wayes wee offend against a man , one way if he bo hurt of us ; the other is , if when it is in our power , he be not holpen of us ; and another teacheth us , that it is not sufficient to abstaine from doing ill , except that be done which is good ; and it small avails to hurt no man , except thou studiest to help and profit many . and it is observed by s. ambrose , that of these precepts , which iohn gave to his hearers , some were peculiar to particular men , but the precept of mercy is a common precept , mercy is necessary to all offices ; and is of all men to be shewn or performed , there is neither publican nor souldier excepted , nor country-man , nor citizen , nor rich , nor poore , none is exempted : all men in generall are admonished that they helpe him , that hath not of his owne to helpe himselfe ; the omission of this was the condemnation of the richman that gave no foode nor raiment to hungrie and naked lazarus , wee finde no mention of any that he had oppressed , and yet is he found to bee in hell in torments ; and if it thus besell the neglect of mercy , what shall befall to acts of crueltie ? if the fruitlesse figtree be accursed , what shall become of thornes and briars , such as murderers , fighters , quarellers , slanderers base informers , and such others , and all , who ( nor content with that portion that god hath given them ) do by cheating , oppression and extortion , or any injust way advance and enrich themselves with the damage , defamation and undoing of others ? if at the last doome for the omission of mercy , it shall be said , goe ye cursed into everlasting fire , prepared for the divell and his angels ; for i was an hungry , and yee gave me no meate , i was thirsty , and ye gave me no drink , i was a stranger , and ye took mee not in , naked , and yee cloathed me not , sick , and in prison , and yee visited mee not ; with what confusion shall it be heard , if christ shall say : goe yee cursed tyrants , oppressours , and persecutours into everlasting fire ; for the meane food which god had given mee , yee tooke it from mee ; from the poore and homely habitation which i enjoyed , yee expelled and banished mee ; of the rayment and cloathes , wherewith my nakednesse was covered from the eyes of men , and my weaknesse shielded from the violence of the weather , yee have stripped mee ; of my health , wherein i chearefully walked with god , and served my neighbour in love and charitie , yee have bereaved mee , of my libortie , yee have restrained mee , and in close prisons and dungeons shut mee up ; and all this though yee have not done to mee in the members of my naturall body , yet have yee done it to these little ones , the members of my misticall bodie ; who are as precious to mee as mine owne life ; for their sakes i tooke upon mee the forme of a servant ▪ i gave my spotlesse blood , and endured the bitter paines of death and hell for their redemption . surely to hear this will much amaze and confound , for if he were speechlesse ( upon the check ) who wanted the wedding garment , needs must he be dumb and without excuse whose garments are rolled in blood , and as red as scarlet and crimson , dyed in the blood and sufferings of the innocent . one short observation more would i desirously commend to your christian piety , and therewith take leave , it being consolatory that i may be free , as in mine own intentions , so in others estimation , from suspition of having spoken or written any thing which hath not proceeded from unsaigned charity , the proper fountain of all christian action● ▪ whereas these souldiers who had been addicted to violence , rapine and other vices , and were men accounted the worst alive ( as afore from sundry authors is observed ) now comming to iohn , confessing and sorrow full for their fins , and desiring directions which they might ob●erve in seeking salva●ion , are not rejected of john as men without hope , but are rather received and instructed what to do , and how to demean themselves for the future , with an intimation of safety upon the performance of that which is prescribed ; we collect , that great sinners repenting and reforming themselves , may obtain salvation ; if there had not been time of repentance and hope of salvation upon repentance and amendment , he would not have exhorted these souldiers to amendment . s. hierome hath a collection not unlike hereunto upon the epistles of jesus christ to some of the churches : first , the church of ephesus had left her first love ; the church of pergamus also was not free from all offence , for she had in her some which did hold the doctrine of balaam , which taught to eat things offered to idols , and to commit fornication ; and such as held the doctrine of the the nicolaitans ; and the church of thyatira did suffer the false prophetesse jezabel , which seduced men to commit fornication , and to eate things offered to idols ; yet all these the lord exhorts to repentance , and that under a threat of a punishment to come upon them , except they did repent ; but he would not have pressed to repentance except he would grant pardon to them that repented . and another ancient author observes as much of other churches mentioned in those sacred epistles ; in the church of sardis the imperfection of workes ; in the laodiceans confidence in riches is reprehended ; and yet these he admonisheth to repent , and that under threatnings , except they repented ; but he would not threaten him that repents not , except he would pardon him that doth repent . this ariseth from the goodnesse of the nature of god , as may be seen in the proclamation , which past before his manifestation to moses , the lord mercifull and gracious , long-suffering and abundant in goodnesse and truth , keeping mercy for thousands , forgiving iniquity and sinne . and the prophet will tell us from god , that he hath no pleasure in the death of him that dieth . for this end jesus christ the son of god came into the world , that he might seek and save that which was lost , and that hee might call the sinners to repentance , yea , even such sinners as in the eye of man none could exceede , even them that put him to death , for whom hee prayed , father forgive them , for they know not what they doe ; of whom we finde some afterward ( hearing their sin in crucifying and murdering the lord of life , taxed by peter ) pricked in conscience , and crying out ( like the souldiers in the text ) what shall wee doe ? &c. and by peter directed to this medicine of repentance and baptisme , with a promise of forgivenesse of sins , and receiving the holy ghost . of these we may say , and inferre with s. austen ; this people it was of whom christ was crucified , of whom he was hanged on a tree , of whom , hanging there , he was derided , of whom he was thurst thorow with a speare , of whom was given unto him vineger mingled with gall to drink : yet for these he prayes , father forgive them , for they knowe not what they doe , and what is there that is not to be forgiven to him that is converted , when the blood of christ being shed , was thus forgiven ? the application hereof shall be comprised in two words ; first , seeing great sinners repenting and reforming themselves , may be forgiven , it calls us to repentance , as the prophet ezekiel , first propounding and promising pardon , upon repentance and amendment , calls them to reformation , and casting away their transgressions ; and this he doth as it were by an expostulation , or reasoning the matter , for why will ye die o house of israel ? as if hee should say , if yee will not repent and 〈…〉 and are guiltie of your own destruction , and that not only by 〈◊〉 committed , but also by the remedie of repentance neglected ; and this also is confirmed of god by ●n oath , as i live saith the lord god , i have no pleasure , in the death of a sinner ; but that the wicked should turne from his way , and live ; turne yee , turne yee from your evill wayes , for why will ye die o house of israel ! hereon is thus much noted ; repentance therefore is life , when it is perserred before death : thou therefore o sinner , so seaze upon it , and so imbrace it , as a shipwrackt man doth some trusty piece of a plank broken out of the shipp , this shall lift thee up being sunk under the waves of thy sins ; and draw thee into the haven of gods mercy . secondly , it comforts those that are truely penitent for their sinnes , wherein they have long lived ; or are of great guilt and offence in the eyes of god , as murder , whordome , oppression , and such like , upon their repentance and amendment they are pardonable , if they will wash and make themselves cleane , then though their sinnes were as scarlet , they shall be white as snow , if they be redde like crimson , they shall bee as wooll : can any blood or sin whatsoever die a deeper colour then the sacred blood of the sonn of god ? and yet wee see that forgiven to the jewes repenting and embracing the faith ; for when they ( wounded in conscience ) they are directed to this remedie with hope of cure and safety , which may teach us , that ▪ no man should dispaire of the forgivenesse of his sinne , when they obtained pardon that killed christ , as saith saint austen ; wee will end with a saying of the same father , which may serve unto us , both as a cordiall against despaire , and a caveat against presumption ; no man therefore ( although hee bee load●n with an huge burden of sin● ) ought to despaire of the goodnesse of gods mercy , but out of hope of that assured mercy , with dayly teares to begge their pardons ; which they may rightly expect , if they shall cease from acting their evill workes . and on the otherside avoyd presumption ▪ wee ought not therefore to sinne , or constantly persevere in sinne , because of the hope of forgivenesse , but keeping our selves in the golden mean and swimming in the clear streame of the living waters , that shall flow out of the belly of him that beleeveth on christ ; both dangers being avoyded , let us flye and decline that which is evill , and hope for pardon from the mercy of god . amen . laus deo. finis . notes, typically marginal, from the original text notes for div a e- a mores taxat & jubet assueta emendare vitia . ar●t . stella . observation . isa. . . matth. . . b haec doctrina exigit mortificationem carnis . mar. eccles. . . c junius & glos ▪ inter lin. in loc. ezek. . . application . tim. . . d docente te in ecclesia non clamor populi , sed gemitus suscitet . e nihil in sacerdote tam periculosum apud deum , tam turpe apud homines , quod sentiat non libere denunciare epist. . . f adulantium linguae alligant animas in peccatis . prosper . tit. epigram . . acts . . sam. . . is● . . . isa. . . ezek. . . acts . f ubi emendatio nulla , poenit●tia necessariò est vana , quia caret fructu cui deus eam sevit . ter●ull . vera poenitentia sic plangit commisla ut non committit plangenda . bern. medi ▪ application . g si vis verus poenitens esse cessa à peccato , & noli amplius peccare . vbi supr● . john . . & . deut. . . micah . . h non , sed condemnabo cum , sim justiciae regula . gloss. int. in loc. ecclus. . . there is a lawfull use of warre . non jubet arma abjicere , sacramento suo renunciare . calv. apud marlorat . chemnit . harmon . brent . p. m. utyr . austin . apud grat. caus. . aquin. . . . art. . si christiana disciplina omnia bella culparet , hoc potiùs concilium baptista dedisset ; ut arma abjicerint , seque militiae omnia subtraherent . matth . act. . ecclus. . . heb. . . acts . . euseb. de vit. constan . deut. . alioqui de hâc re non ferret leges spititus sanctus . gualier . prover . . . & . . warre necessary in some cases . rom. . . omninò enim cùm tanta ●it malorum turba , ut sunt necessariae lege● , ica & magistratus : atque etiam qui his subsunt milites . sacer . in locum apud marlorat . sam. . & . application . chr. . bellum debeat ess● necessitatis . bellum geritur ut pax quoeratur . nocendi cupiditas , irascendi crudelitas , feritas rebellandi , libido dominandi ; & si qua sunt similia , haec sunt quae in bellis jute culpantur . esto ergò bellando pacificus , ut quas expugnas , ad pacis unitatem perduc●s . gratian . caus. . . consolation to souldiers . vir justus , si fortè etiam sub rege homine sacrilego militet , rectè potest illo jubente bellare , si vice pacis , ordinem servans , quod sibi jubetur , vel non esse contra praeceptum dei certum est , vel utrùm sit ▪ certum non est ; ita ut fo●tasse reum reddat regem iniquitas imperandi , inocentem autem militem ostendat ordo serviendi . august . apud gratian . ubi supra . answer . tene●ertū , relinque incertum . bu●ha . magist. quast . . consolation to volunteers . cauponantes bellum . tull. o●●ic . lib. . . nulla sides pietasque viris qui castra sequuntur , venalesque manus : ibi fas ubi maxima merces ; ●re mer●nt parvo luca● . lib. . . non enim militare dil●ctum ost , sed propter praedam militav● p●●catum est de verb . dom. serm. . judg. . . non esse homicidas , sed ministros legis , nec ultores injuriarum suarum , sed salutis publicae defensores aquin. caetenâ a●reâ in locum . a profitable exhortation to all souldiers . semper itaque agat miles christianus a liquid , sit strenuus , fidelis , laboriosus ; centurionibus obsequens , &c. bullin . de cad. . ser. . fuit ejus vitae socia virtus , gloria mortis comes . epitaph . freder , d. bavariae cogno . vivictorios . apud ph. camerar . oper. subsesivarum , tr. . c. . a●et . chemnit . gorram stell . in ●o● . observation . vivel fraude fiat injuria . tull. off. l. . ubi agr . de bellicis officiis . eccles. . . i. christianitie requires it . matth. . . aedificanti itaque tibi spiritualem domum , non super levitatem arenae , sed super soliditatem petrae , innocentiae inprimis fundamentum ponatur , super quod possis arduum justitiae culmen erigere , maximam enim partem justitiae imp●evi● ▪ 〈◊〉 hieron. epist. ad celan . novissimun●quod dabitur tali viro , est pax . munster . ●●● ▪ ● . 〈◊〉 . ii. the nature and property of a godly war requires it . sam. . . si bella jehovae dominus meus gerat , & malum non inveniatur in te . junius . cùm praelia domini domin● t● praeliari● , malitia ergò non inveniatur in ●e . vulgar . iii. innocency preser●es from grief of heart , and torture of conscience . verse . hic murus aheneus erit , nil conscire sibi , nullâ pallelcere culpâ . horat. ep. . exugentes sanguinem elephantorum eos occidunt , & ipsi vicissim incbriati opprimuntur & commoriuntur . plin. hist. nat. l. . cap. . violence in souldiers makes the expedition unsuccesfull . exercitus quem injuria & audacia antecedit plerumque cladem & interitum ominaturi . isa. . . i. their priyers are hindred . religiosas potiùs quàm rapaces manus . val. max. l. . c. , chron. . euseb. de vit. constant . lib. . c. . ruffin . lib. . c. . . stow. ii. memory of former violence makes men cowards . merces malae conscienciae est timere eos , quibus terro●i esse ●i●uit . in praelio cervi , in pace leones . beza in annotat. mar. . . apud jun. in bibl. majo . siquidem deus est qui minatur , non timeamus , nihil enim injustè agimus ; sin homo , norit quod viris minetur . stob. de fortitud . cap. . occidere possunt , laedere non possunt . iv. violence and injustice causeth god to withdraw his help from the whole army propter impios & sceleratos homines , caeteri divinâ ope destituti ab hostibus caeduntur . joshua . non ex infirmitate corporis , sed ex peccato vincebantur . chrysost. hom. . ad populum tom. . postquàm in peccatum cecidêrunt omnibus facti sunt expugnabiles , & quos arma & equi , & milites , & tot machinamenta capere non potuerunt , hos peccati natura vinctos hostibus tradidit . sed quales oro fructus metimus hodiè ex hujusmodi semente ? vincimur à turcis , ludibrium sumus omnibus gentibus , pareūt , & mahometismo subduntu● regna ; & inexplicabilibus indiem malis involvimur . bullin . decad. . ser. . iv. violence and injustice are unfruitfull in the end . luke . . u●●s pellaeo juveni non su●●icit orbis . juvenal . satyr . . sarcophago contentus oris . cui non europa , non obstitit africa quondam , respice res hominum quàm brevis urna tenet epitom . plutarch . per darium tibertum . ipsa est infelicitas hominum proprer quod peccant morientes hic dimittunt , a● peccata ipsa secum portant . hom. . joshua . . cùm magno me●u , magis doloribus anima separatur à corpore , &c. meditat. devot . cap. . que●t . answ . ut in pace cum justitiâ vivatur . offic. lib. . gratian . ubi supra . pax quaesita . aust. deut. . . ibid. . deut . . camerar. meditat , h●st. tom. . cap. . tom. . cap. . concil. lateranens . in agriculturâ exist●tes & animalia quibus arant , & semina portant ad agrum , congruâ securitate laetentur . armatis viris non pastoribus bellum inferamus i. how to kill an enemy in warre . si praevales , & voluntate superandi vel vindicandi , fortè occidis hominem vivis ▪ homicida . bern. ad milit. templ. . est tamen qui non ulciscendi zelo , nec vincendi typho , sed tantùm evadendi remedio interficit hominem . ii. clemency to be shewn to subdued and conquered enemies . . humanity requires it . king. . . ingenuit misarans , virgil aeucid lib. . pictatis imago . quia 〈◊〉 incolumi stare fas non erat , leviter sub tam mansucto victore occidisti . humanitatis dulcedo etiam inefforata barbarorum ingenia penetrat ; orbosque & truces mollit hostium oculos , ac victoriae insolentissimos spiritus flectit , vincit iram ; prosternit odium , hostilemque sanguinem hostilibus lachrymis permiscer . val. max. lib. . cap. cùm bella quae inter christianos geruntur , cùm sint ejusdem religionis , etiamsi justa fuerint , plusquàm civilia sint ; nostri magistratus ( nisi obsteterint justae rationes ) 〈◊〉 animos debent habere propensiores ad misericordiam victis impetrandā . pet. mart. in qu. occid. an serv . captiv . loc. . cla . ▪ nè multorum fieret caedes , unde non magis , suorum , quàm hostium saluti prospexie . euseb. de vitâ constant . lib. . c. . ut captivorum misereantur , & cùm homines essent , humanae naturae nequaquàm ●os caperet oblivio o clementiam nostrâ aetate insolentem . grynae annot. in loc. euseb. iii. a motive to clemency will be to consider what may befall to the conqueror math. . . luke . . cuivis contingere potest , quod cuiquam contigire pompeï casum deploro , & meam fortunam metuo ▪ judges . sam. . . king. . . isa. ● . . nunc tibi grassari licet , nullae vir●● relistunt , sed erunt aliquando qui vos vicissim praedentur . calv. in loc. sic mortalium negotia divina ( fortuna ) providentia versat . val. maxim. cap. i. de pomp. iiii. courteous usage 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to the conquered , draws others to voluntary submission . king. . . pl●tarch . ● maccab. . . judg. . v. humanitie and kindenesse to be shewn to enemies after their death . sam. . . mac. . . oblitns hostis . jacentem non hostem , sed civem deposito existimans odio . aliquantò ei plùs gloriae paulus gracchus , & marcellus sepulti , quàm oppressi attulerunt . psalmes . vi . how to deal with enemies submitting and accepting peace offered unto them . sam. ● . sam. . . euseb. de vit. constant . lib. cap. . u●pote ex hominibus conservandis capie●s voluptatem . plutarch . valer. max. aequè 〈◊〉 esse judicans , 〈◊〉 vincere reges & facere . non minùs laudabile infelices seire misereri . applycation . i. to souldiers . cum graviter peccant , hâe solent a pe●●atis suis primâ vo●e se excusare , quòd militant . in verb , dom. ser. . 〈◊〉 de coro●● militis . nec enim delictorum impunitatem , & martyriorum immunitatem militia promittit . nulla est necessitas delinquendi , quibus est una necessitas non delinquendi . ut praedarentur quicquid possint , five essent bona amicorum , five inimicorum , ut enim res pessimè caderet , cogerentur ad restituendum ; sed interim aliquam praedae portionem residere apud rapto●em . erasin . in annotat . super locum . si vis tribunus esse , imò si vis vivere , manus militum contine , nemo pullum alienum rapiat , ovem nemo contingat , ●vam nullus auferat , segetem non deterat , oleum , sal , lignum nemo exigat , annonâ suâ quisque contentus sit , de praedâ hostis , non de ●achrymis provincialium habe●t . citatur à bucano loc. de magistra . quast . . philip camerar . meditat. histor. tom. . cap. . sam. . . nec pudet viv●re , n●c piget most . ii. what innocency is required of men in times and places of place . duobus modis pe●catur in hominem , uno modo si laedatur ; alio modo fi cùm potest , non ad●uve●ur . a. st●n de meribus e●clesie . non suflicit abstin●re à malo , nisi fiat quod bonum est , & parum est nemini nocere , nisi studias multis prodesse , prosper . titul. epigr. . omnibus officiis , omibus aetatibus , necessaria , & ab omnibus deferenda misericordia ; non publicanus , non miles excipitur , non agricola , vel urbanus , dives & pauper , &c. ambros. in locum . luke . observation , great senners repenting may obt●in salvation . hierom● . in epist. adversi●● 〈◊〉 . revel. . . ettamen hos omn●s dominus hortatur ad poenitentiam , sub comminatione quoque futurae poenae , nisi convertantur ; non autem cogeret poenitere , fi non e●set poenitentibus veniam concessurus . et tamen ad poenitentiam commonet , sub comminationibus quidem ; non comminaretur autem non poenitenti , si non ignosceret poenitenti . tertul de poenitent . exod. . , . ezek. . . luke . . acts . . aust. tract. . in in ev●ng . secundum jo●●●em . quid autem converso non ignoscitur , si fusus christ●●inguis ignoscitur . application . i. it cals sinners to repentanoe . ezekiel . 〈…〉 ergò poenitentia vita est , cùm praeponitur morti ; cam tu peccator ita invade , ita amplectere , ut naufragus alicu●us tabu●●● fidem ; haec te p●ccatoru● fluctibu● mersum prolevabit , & in portum divinae clementlae protelabit . ter●ul . depoenit . . consolation to true penitents . esai . . . 〈…〉 de ●eccati sui remissionedesperet , quando illi veniam meruerunt , qui occidêrunt 〈◊〉 aust. in tract. . in evang ▪ secund. jo●●n●m . nemo ●gitur ( quamvis ingenti pondere p●ccatorum prematur ) de boni●ate divinae pie●aris desperare debeat . ibidem s r n de temp . ideò non propt er spem v●niae perseve an●er pec●are debemus . utroque periculo evitato , & à malo d●clinemus , & de pietate de●●eniam speremus . a publike declaration and solemne protestation of the free-men of england and wales, against the illegall, intollerable, undoing grievance of free-quarter. prynne, william, - . this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason e _ ). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page images. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing p thomason e _ estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; :e [ ]) a publike declaration and solemne protestation of the free-men of england and wales, against the illegall, intollerable, undoing grievance of free-quarter. prynne, william, - . [ ], , [ ] p. s.n.], [london : printed in the yeare. . anonymous. attributed to william prynne. place of publication from wing. annotation on thomason copy: "feb: th"; the in imprint date has been crossed out and date has been altered to . reproduction of the original in the british library. eng england and wales. -- army -- barracks and quarters -- early works to . soldiers -- billeting -- england -- early works to . a r (thomason e _ ). civilwar no a publike declaration and solemne protestation of the free-men of england and wales,: against the illegall, intollerable, undoing grievance prynne, william b the rate of defects per , words puts this text in the b category of texts with fewer than defects per , words. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - pip willcox sampled and proofread - pip willcox text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion a pvblike declaration and solemne protestation of the free-men of england and wales , against the illegall , intollerable , undoing grievance of free-quarter . printed in the yeare . . a publike declaration and solemne protestation of the freemen of england and wales , against the illegall , intollerable , undoing grievance of free-quarter . we the knights , esquires , gentlemen , freeholders , citizens , burgesses , and freemen of the realme of england and domion of wales , do hereby publikely declare , remonstrate and protest to the honourable houses of parliament , the army and souldiery and all the world , that the keeping up of an overnumerous burthensome army , since the warres determined , and their forcible entring into our houses , taking and eating up our provisions for horse and men , and free-quartering upon us , against our wills , to our ineffable vexation , oppression , and undoing ( especially in these times of extraordinary dearth , samine , and decay of trade ) is an expresse high violation of our fundamentall lawes , rights , properties and liberties , in the late just defence whereof against the king and his malignant party , we have spent our estates , blood , and hazarded our dearest lives in the field ; a direct breach of magna charta c. . and . ( purchased with so much noble blood of our ancestors , ) prohibited by the a satutes of . e. . c. . . e. . c. . . e. . c. . . e. . c. . . e. . c. . . e. . c. . . e. . c. . . e. . c. . . . . r. . c. . . h. . c. . . h. . c. . . h. . c. . . . h. . c. . which declare and enact the taking away of our provisions and goods of any sorts without our consents , agreeing with and paying us for them , even by purveyours authorized by law and commission to be no lesse then felony , ( much more then when taken by officers and souldiers authorized by no law nor commission , under the great seale to doe it ) and contrary to the very letter of the petition of right , . carols , which declares the quartering of souldiers and mariners upon the kings people against their wills in their houses to be against the lawes and customes of the realme , and a great greivance and vexation to the people , and enacts , that they shall not be burthened therewith in time to come . we likewise further remonstrate , that king richard the second in the parliament held at westminster anno . h. number was among other things impeached and deprived of his crowne , for raysing a guard of cheshire souldiers and quartering them as his court to over-awe the lords and commons assembled in parliament at westminster in the . yeare of his reigne , to vote what he prescribed them , and to put the power of the whole parliament into the hands of a few lords and commons of his party ; which b souldiers did assault and beat the kings good subjects , and take from them their victualls against their wills , and payd therefore little or nothing at their pleasure , and not redressing the same upon complaint to their great oppression and discontent . that the whole house of commons this present parliament in their c remonstrance of the state of the kingdome december . . ( published by their speciall order ) declared . that the charging of the kingdome with billited souldiers heretofore ( complained of in the petition of right ) and the concomitant designe of german horse , that the land might either submit with feare , or be enforced with rigour to such arbitrary contributions as should be required of them was a product of the jesuites , councells of jesuites , papists , corrupt prelates , courtiers and counsellors to enslave the subjects and deprive them of their just liberties . and that both houses of parliament and the king himselfe upon the house of commons impeachment d attainted , condemned and executed thomas late earle of strafford , lord duputy of ireland for high treason by a speciall bill this parliament , for quartering and sessing souldiers upon the kings subjects in ireland , and levying forces and moneys on them by officers and souldiers of the army against law , by billeting on them till they were payd , ( declared to be a levying of warre against the king and his people , and so high treason within the statute of . e , . for which he lost his head on tower hill ) contrary to the statute of . h. made in ireland , ch. . which enacts ; that , no lord , or any other of what condition he be , shall bring or lead hoblers , kearnes , or horded men , nor any other people nor horses to lie on horse back or on foot upon the kings subjects without their good wills and consents : but upon their owne costs , and without hurt doing to the commons of the country ; and if any so doe , he shall be adjudged a traytor . and the statute of kilkenny in . e. . c. . . which enacts and declares it to be meer felony and open robery for any kerne , to live idle on the tenants , farmers and poore people of the country , or to take any prises , lodging or sojourning from them against the consent of the owners , or paying and agreeing with them for the same . we doe moreover further declare , that by the very e statute and common law of the land , every mans house is and ought to be his castle ; which he his servants and friends may lawfully defend against all who shall forcibly , and illegally attempt to enter it against his will ; and justify the killing of any who shall violently assault the same or enter it feloniously against the consent , which to doe is burglary , and a capitall offence and that every subject , may by the common law defend his goods with force and armes against any who shall illegally offer to take them away , against his consent and not paying for them which to take is direct robbery and felony for which the party taking them ought to suffer death and that the owner and his servants may lawfully justify the beating and killing of such theives in defence of their goods ; and may assemble his neighbours and friends to defend his house and goods against such violence . which and 〈…〉 rights and priviledges of ours , both houses of parliament , in above thirty remonstrances , and by their solemne league and covenant , have promised and are daily engaged , under paine of breach of faith , honour , trust , oath , and the highest disreputation , inviolably to maintaine . yet notwithstanding all the premises , the generall and officers of the army have ever since the votes of both houses for the armies disbanding in aprill and may last , not only doubly recruited their forces farre above their first establishment when the king had two armies in the field , and many strong garrisons , without the houses order or privity , but quartered them upon us in our houses against our wills , and the lawes and statutes aforesaid , to the utter undoing of many thousands of us , not paying us one farthing for their quarters out of the many months pay they have since received ; but insteed therof have levyed treble their pay upon us , under colour of freequartering and compositions for it , the horse enforcing us to pay them . . and . shillings a weeke , and the foote , . . . . . and sometimes . shillings a man towards their quarters , and yet take quarters upon us and others , and sending fresh quarterers on us as soon as the former are removed : which we here protest and declare to be direct burglary and felony in them , and no lesse then treason in their chiefe officers , and a levying of warre upon us , by this present parliaments resolution in the earle of straffords case : for which we must now crave reparations and justice against them , and satisfaction for all the quarters thus forcibly taken on us ; being resolved to pay no more taxes towards the army , till all our quarters , and the mony raysed and extorted from us for compensation of it , be fully satisfied . and seeing divers officers and souldiers of the army , notwithstanding the late ordinances of both houses against free-quarter , and their and the generalls and officers engagements published in print , that upon our paying in of six moneths contribution towards the army upon the sixty thousand pounds tax , ( principally intended for ireland , but now wholly monopolized by the army ) no officer nor souldier should after the . of january take free-quarter upon us under paine of death , against our wills , which notwithstanding they doe in many counties , which have payd in their six moneths contribution , refusing to obey the parliaments orders , and protesting they will take free-quarter notwithstanding , and forcibly breake into our houses , and take away our provisions with more insolency then before : wee doe here publikely remonstrate , and protest against this dishonorable breach of faith and promise , and this intollerable oppression , and cheating of us to our faces ; and demand open and speedy justice and reparations for the same , from the houses and generall ; and doe require and enjoyne all our knights , citizens , and burgesses ( who are our substitutes , and derive f all their authority and commission from us , whom we have authorized only to maintaine our just rights , liberties and properties , not to invade or betray them ) as they will answer the contrary at their perills to the kingdome , and the respective counties , cities and burroughs , for which they serve , to right themselves and us ; and make good the houses and their own promises to us herein ; otherwise we are resolved never to trust , nor believe them more , and to disclame them for our trustees or representatives in parliament for the future , for breaking of their trusts , and disobeying our instructions . and because the quartering of souldiers in our houses against our wills , against the houses and generalls engagements , is such an intolerable grievance and vexation , as utterly deprives us of the freedome comfort , and command of our own houses , wives , children , servants , beds , stables , bread , heere , provisions for horse and men , which are all exposed to the arbitrary commands of every base dominiering , deboist and insolent souldier and officer , who command all we have , and may cut our throats at pleasure every houre in our own houses , where we cannot sleep nor remain secure , & now renders our condition worse then any turkie-gally-slave , undoing and enslaving us at once , even to those who were once our servants , and now become our lords and tyrants over us , who doe nothing but pick quarrels with us , and will be content with no ordinary provisions , purposely to extort compositions from us in money , above double and treble their pay : whereby they grow rich , and the whole kingdome poore , even to extremity , all trading being now utterly gone and decayed by reason of free-quarter and excessive raues daily multiplyed , which ingrosteth all the treasure of the kingdome , whereby trade should be supported and the poore employed ; who are now upon the point of starving , and are ready to rise up and mutiny in city and country for want of bread and employment ; whiles many thousands of strong lusty boyes , youths , souldiers , and their horses ( whose labours might much enrich the common-wealth ) lye idlely like so many drones and caterpillers upon us , taking both pay & free-quarter too for doing nothing , but eating , drinking , swearing , whoring , stealing , robbing , and undoing us , and the realme too : we doe here publikely protest and declare , against allowing any more free-quarter to any officers or souldiers on us for the future as such an intollerable and undoing grievance , as we neither can nor will any longer undergoe ; and that if any of them shall hereafter , against our wills , forcibly enter our houses , or take away or devoure our provisions and goods ( as they have injuriously and feloniously done for many moneths last past ) wee are unanimously resolved to proceed against them for it , as burglairs , theeves and felons , and to defend our houses and goods , against them with force and armes , with the hazard of our lives ; resolving rather to die free-men , then live any longer slaves , especially to those who have been our mercenary servants , and pretend they have hitherto fought and continued in armes together by their own authority , almost a full year against both houses votes for their disbanding , of purpose ( as they pretended in their printed declarations , though we find it otherwise ) to make us absolute free-men ; whereas we feele and discerne by wofull experience , that their designe is quite contrary , even to make us , the king , kingdome and parliament no other then conquered slaves , as many of them stick not to terme us to our faces , who dare not be any longer accessories and contributors to our owne and the kingdomes imminent ruine , bondage and captivity in the least degree against our right and covenant , and will no longer sit still , like so many tame silent fooles , and conquered slaves , whiles they put new yoakes of bondage on our necks , and fetters on our feet , to inthrall us to a more intollerable arbitrary power and tyrannie , then ever the king or his cavalliers intended in england , or strafford himselfe in ireland ; and rule us only by the sword and martiall law ; and our very knights , citizens and burgesses , representing us in parliament , whom they impeach , suspend , expell the house , and over-awe by their power , new guards and garrisons put upon them , and the lords house too , at pleasure , so as they neither can , nor dare to doe us that right , ease and reliefe against the souldiery , as otherwise they would , and are bound to doe , being enforced daily to passe new ordinances of indempnity from them , even for their very felonies , burglaries , plunders and murthers too , for which they must not be questioned , which encourageth them now to commit the like offences with greater boldnesse then ever , in hopes of the like indempnity for the future , as they have forcibly obtained for what is past . our (g) historians record that in the reigne of king egelred the danish souldiers exercised such pride and abusive oppressions over the people in england , on whom they quartered , that they caused husband men to doe all their vile labour , and the danes held their wives in the meane time at pleasure , with daughter and servant : and when the husband-man came home he should scarsly have of his owne as his servants had so as the dane had all at his commandement and did eat and drinke his fill of the best , when the owner had scant his fill of the worst . and besides this , the common people were so of them oppressed , that for feare and dread they called them ( in every such house as they had will of and quartered in ) lord dane , which so vexed and discontented the people , that by secret commission , from the king directed to all the good towns , burroughs and cities of the land , they were on st. brice day , at a certaine houre assigned , all suddenly assaulted , and slaine by the people , every mothers sonne of them throughout all england : this slaughter of theirs beginning in hertfordshire , at a little towne called welden , for the which deed it took the first name , because the weale of that county ( as it was then thought ) was there first won . and the sicilians did the like to the dominiering french forces , who oppressed them with their insolencies and free-quarter , cutting all their throats in one evening , and so freeing their countrey from captivitie . truly our condition now under the lording army and souldiery hath been and yet is altogether as bad , if not worse in many places , then our predecessors was under their free-quartering lord danes , or the sicilians under the french forces : and we heartily wish it may not now produce the like tragicall and bloudy effects , which pure necessity will enforce the malignant and poorer sort now ready to starve , and the very best friends to the parliament unto , for their own selfe preservation and defence , as we may justly feare , if not timely prevented by the houses and generalls strict care and discipline , in making good their engagements to us , wherein they have hitherto failed , and speedily reduce the army to such a small proportion of five or six thousand only , as they may well pay and master ; and quarter in innes and alehouses without any pressure to us . being peremptorily resolved in their defaults , by gods assisting power to right and ease our selves of them , and all other oppressing grievances , by the best and most expeditions meanes wee may , to preserve our selves , our posterities , kingdome and neglected ireland , ( whose supplies are wholly frustrated and engrossed by our idle super-numerary , and super-necessary army and souldiers ) from utter vassalage and ruine . and therefore we doe hereby earnestly desire and admonish all officers and souldiers at their utmost perill , from henceforth after this our publike remonstrance , to take no more free-quarter , nor force any more moneys from us , against our wills ; but carefully to follow iohn baptist's lesson to them ( a burning and shining light ) luk. . . and the sovldiers likewise came to john , saying ; and what shall we doe ? and he said unto them : doe violence to no man ; neither accuse any man falsely , and be content with your wages ; lest they so farre discontent and enrage us so farre , as to fall a quartering of them in good earnest , which we heartily desire ( if possible ) to prevent by this timely admonition , and notice of our unalterable , just and necessary resolutions , from which neither feare nor flattery , nor intreaties shall remove us . and shall likewise humbly importune the honourable houses of parliament to order and declare according to the tenor of the petition of right that all officers and souldiers whatsoever shall be liable to the jurisdiction , arrests , warrants and power of high sheriffs , justices of peace , mayors , bayliffs , constables , tything-men , and other publike officers of justice , for felonies , breaches of peace , and other misdemeanours punishable by the lawes and statutes of the realme , as farre-forth as any other subjects are and bee ; and that all those may be particularly enjoyned to discharge their duties herein ; and all officers of the army ordered to be ayding and assisting to them therein under paine of fellonie and being casheered ; without which wee shall enjoy neither security nor peace in country or city , no nor in our owne beds and houses . finis . notes, typically marginal, from the original text notes for div a e- a rastall . tit. purveyours ; and warre . b grastons chron. p. . c an exact collection . d mr. st. iohns his majesties sollicitor generalls argument , at a committee of both houses , concerning the earles attainder by hill , p. . , &c. e . h. . c. . . ed. . de malefactoribus in parcis , fitz. coron. . . . . . . . asse . stamford . pleas . l. . c. . . . . h. . a . . h. . . b. . h. . . a. . e. . . b. . e. . . a. . h. . . . h. . . b. brooke corone . . trespas . . cooke . . report . . ashes . tables . coron . . . f this is evident by this clause of the writ for their election . ita quòd iidem milites , cives & burgenses sufficientem potestatem pro se & commvnitate , comitatus civium & burgensium praedictum ad faciendū & faciendū his , &c. ita quod pr● defectu ejuusmodi potestatis dicta negotia infecta non remaneant quovis modo . (g) grastons chronicle , p. . . cambdens brittania , p. . die martis . februarii. . resolved by the lords and commons assembled in parliament. that no person or persons whatsoever, presume to raise lift, muster, or gather together any souldiers, ... england and wales. parliament. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing e thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) die martis . februarii. . resolved by the lords and commons assembled in parliament. that no person or persons whatsoever, presume to raise lift, muster, or gather together any souldiers, ... england and wales. parliament. sheet ([ ] p.) for john wright at the kings head in the old-bayley, imprinted at london : [i.e. ] no person to enlist soldiers on pretence of transporting them for the service of any foreign prince in london or within miles of it. no person to enlist soldiers for the service of any foreign prince without the special leave of the committee at derby house -- cf. steele. ordered to be printed and published by the house of lords. reproduction of the original in the british library. eng soldiers -- england -- early works to . great britain -- militia -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- early works to . london (england) -- history -- th century -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no die martis . februarii. . resolved by the lords and commons assembled in parliament. that no person or persons whatsoever, presume to england and wales. parliament. a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread - emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion die martis . februarii . . resolved by the lords and commons assembled in parliament . that no person or persons whatsoever , presume to raise , list , muster , or gather together any souldiers , or forces upon pretence of transporting them for the service of any forraigne prince or state , within the city of london , or within ten miles of the said city . resolved &c. that no person or persons whatsoever presume to raise , list , muster , or gather together any souldiers , or forces in any place of this kingdome for the service of any forraigne prince or state , or to transport any souldiers or forces out of this kingdom , without the speciall licence of the committee of derby house die martis februarii . . ordered by the lords assembled in parliament , that these votes be forthwith printed and published . imprinted at london for john wright at the kings head in the old-bayley . . the christian souldier. or, preparation for battaile. a legend containing true rules for a souldier, in whom at once is met religion and resolution. published by a well-willer to the gown and sword, t.j. jordan, thomas, ?- ? this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason e _ ). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page images. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing j thomason e _ estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; :e [ ]) the christian souldier. or, preparation for battaile. a legend containing true rules for a souldier, in whom at once is met religion and resolution. published by a well-willer to the gown and sword, t.j. jordan, thomas, ?- ? [ ], p. printed for edward christopher, london : . anonymously published by thomas jordan -- cf. wing. annotation on thomason copy: "aug: ". reproduction of the original in the british library. eng soldiers -- religious life -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- religious aspects -- early works to . a r (thomason e _ ). civilwar no the christian souldier. or, preparation for battaile.: a legend containing true rules for a souldier, in whom at once is met religion and r jordan, thomas a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images - mona logarbo sampled and proofread - mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion the christian souldier . or , preparation for battaile . a legend containing true rules for a souldier , in whom at once is met religion and resolution . published by a well-willer to the gown and sword , t. j. to the regiments on foot . you who doe list your selves in numerous swarmes , who think your pikes and muskets are safe charmes , observe these rules , you shall be free from harmes , and boldly give the word , — stand to your arms . to the chevaleires , ( in english ) the horsemen . a begger set on horseback rides apace , but he that wisely mounts , sits in full grace : receive these few instructions , and you shall returne victoriously , — monte chevall . london , printed for edward christopher . . to all gent. souldiers , of what gradation soever , of horse or foote , fom the colonel to the lowest musquetier of the last ranke and foile . give the word for silence . noble gent. althougb i am no souldier , in that i never bore armes , yet i am so exact an admirer of your glorious profession , i could not but tender my service to you in this rough legend , in which i have endeavoured to picture a compleat souldier ; and scored out in chalke and coale a well-shewing coward , that the excellencie of the one may the more glorious appeare , by how much the other is sordid ( in condition i meane , though not in forme ) and i doubt not but some unexperienced men ( if they doe not want gratitude as much as knowledge ) will give me thanks ; if not , i shall acknowledge my selfe enough requited if these rules bee onely practised , and it shall hereafter encourage him that daily wishes peace and prosperity to his king and country , t. j. the christian souldier : or , preparation for battaile . armes are altogether unlawfull , but where their onely necessary use is for the protection of religion , defence against heresie , maintenance of a kings right , in which consisteth the liberty of the subject , and ( by that consequence ) the safety of a kingdome : what ever is in opposition to this , must needs be illegall i cannot find it from the creation of the first adam , to the expiration and ascension of the last , that ever any nation had command to teach their king to rule ; and hold it as unfit , as if the sonne should enstruct the parent , or the scholar exhort his schoolmaster . this being allowed , civill-warre is altogether unlawfull , for they who have so little authority to enstruct , sure have lesse power to correct ; let his life be as wicked as saul , or as divine as solomon ; the unity betwixt a king and his people are as the gordian knot twixt man and wife , ( for better for worse . ) coronations and marriages admit of no conditions ; to prove which , i have ( with ease ) collected from the many texts of scripture to this purpose these following few : prov. . . to punish the just is not good , nor to strike princes for equity . chap. . . against a king there is no rising up . ver. . if thou hast done foolishly in lifting up thy selfe , lay thy hands on thy mouth . chap. . . the feare of a king is as the roring of a lion : who so provoketh him to anger , sinneth against his owne soule . fellow souldiers , in this point you see there is no preparing for battaile , in respect it is unrighteous ; and you can receive no conquest but misery and destruction , as well of soule as of body , if you dare beleeve that eternall god that made you , who sayes thus in the psalms of david : psal. . . thy arrows are sharp in the heart of the kings enemies ; whereby the people fall under thee . psal. . . i will beat downe his foes before his face , and plague them that hate him . psal. . . his enemies will i cloathe with shame , but upon himselfe shall his crowne flourish . this is legible in the bible , and ( beleeve it ) fellow-souldiers , our surest way of fighting is by the booke ; it is not onely store of coyne , high spirited horse , good ammunition , sound skill , fierce resolution , nor a strong arme , but a strong cause that makes a compleat souldier . there are three generall postures belonging to the musket : make ready , present , and give fire , which ought to be joyned with these most necessary considerations : ere you make ready , remember your cause ; when you present , be not bloud-thirsty ; and when you give fire , consider against whom . the field is a souldiers death-bed ; and when he stands stoutest in expectation of a ful victory , he is but drawing on : were it not most expedient then that his last actions should be his best ? every fellow is not a souldier that struts , looks big , swears much , weares a broad blade , and takes tobacco ; a perfect souldier is a perfect man , and shews most glorious in his civill valour : and such a one can kill without cruelty , and gaine a conquest without tyrannie : he holds it more victory to take one man prisoner , then put ten to the sword : you shall heare him say , that none but cowards feare to see their foes living . a valiant man in the expression of a battaile makes no noyse , but discourseth it with civill sorrow ; and when he comes to declare the conflict , ( though of his enemies ) he doth not glory in their confusion , but sayes , it is pity there should be so much bloud shed . you are safer in his armes , then at his swords point . if you be his enemie , the onely meanes to protect your selfe is to weare no weapon , and that is the onely way to conquer him , for he is angry because you goe without it . your coward , whom necessity and vain-glory have drawn into the field , at his return from silly service , in frighting language usher'd in with oathes , describes how many townes they burnt , how many women great with child were slaine , how many men blowne up at the springing of a mine , how desperately he returned their hand granadoes into the enemies worke after the fire was given ; that in a set battaile he was forced to march up to the knees in bloud , and stumble over carkases ; when ( poore scab ) perhaps you might have found him asleep in the greazie armes of his sutlers wife , or drunke under the barrels ; these are the men that cry aloud in taverns by the faith of a souldier ; draw their swords often , and sweare it is that they get their living by ; weare great belts , and hats cut on the brim ; great spurs , and uncompt haire , with a black taffety playster crosse the nose . i would have a compleat english christian souldier observe such sots , to loathe them , and take these few instructions as true rules to fight by : . to examine the cause , . ( if his cause be just ) to spend a little griefe he hath that cause . . to come on holy and cheerfully without desire of bloud . . not to make gaine , or vain-glory his onely object . . to be mercifull to a couchant enemie , and not to kill where he may save with his owne safety . . and lastly , to ascribe the honour of the conquest not due to his valour , but the all providence of his maker . if he can doe this , let him gird his sword about his loynes , and fight couragiously ; jehovah is his generall . i will conclude the rest with these few lines , and leave them to your practice , whose lives and fortunes depend upon the sword , drawne for an honest cause . come hither souldier , if thou canst obey god and the king , doubt not to have the day . if thou canst sweare 't is for none other cause thou fightest but for religion and the laws , heaven protect thee ; may thy dayes encrease , he that doth justly fight makes way for peace . if thou canst save thy friend , and spare thy foe , when thou art up , and he trod downe below ; if thou canst grieve to spoile the plow-mans village , and make it not thy aime to fight for pillage ; if in the furious sacking of a towne thou canst avoid to cast their women downe with their young new-born infants ; if thou fly from all base actions of red cruelty ; the lord will sure protect thee from all harmes , and i my selfe will say , — stand to your arms . finis . die veneris, maii, . be it ordained, and it is ordained by the lords and commons now assembled in parliament that the committee of the lords and commons for the army, appointed by ordinance of the eight and twentieth of march, , shall have power and authority, and are hereby authorized and enabled, by such ways and means as they or any five of them shall think fit, to cause the accounts of all the officers and souldiers of the army, now or late under the command of sir thomas fairfax, ... to be audited and cast up during their service in the said army ... proceedings. - - . england and wales. parliament. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (wing e ). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing e estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, - ; : ) die veneris, maii, . be it ordained, and it is ordained by the lords and commons now assembled in parliament that the committee of the lords and commons for the army, appointed by ordinance of the eight and twentieth of march, , shall have power and authority, and are hereby authorized and enabled, by such ways and means as they or any five of them shall think fit, to cause the accounts of all the officers and souldiers of the army, now or late under the command of sir thomas fairfax, ... to be audited and cast up during their service in the said army ... proceedings. - - . england and wales. parliament. sheet ([ ] p.) printed for edward husband, printer to the house of commons, [london] : junii . signed: hen. elsynge cler. parl. dom. com. the committee for the army appinted by ordinance march is authorized to audit the accounts of sir thos. fairfax's army and settle with them by 'debenters'. those to be paid out of the excise, delinquents' estates, &c. power to summon assistance given. treasurers at war to aid. -- cf. steele. title from caption and opening lines of text. reproduction of the original in the guildhall library, london. eng england and wales. -- army -- early works to . soldiers -- england -- early works to . a r (wing e ). civilwar no die veneris, maii, . be it ordained, and it is ordained by the lords and commons now assembled in parliament, that the committee of l england and wales. parliament a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images - mona logarbo sampled and proofread - mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion die veneris , maii , . be it ordained , and it is ordained by the lords and commons now assembled in parliament , that the committee of lords and commons for the army , appointed by ordinance of the eight and twentieth of march , , shall have power and authority , and are hereby authorized and enabled , by such ways and means as they or any five of them shall think fit , to cause the accounts of all the officers and souldiers of the army , now or late under the command of sir thomas fairfax , as well due to them upon publick faith , as for their present pay , to be audited and cast up during their service in the said army : and to allow and determine of such accompts , and to give out debenters accordingly unto the said officers and souldiers . and it is further ordained , that for such debenters as shall be therupon given out and signed by the said committee , or any five of them , the state shall be liable to the payment thereof , and shall be paid and satisfied respectively by warrant from the said committee or any five of them out of such monies as the parliament hath ordained by ordinance to be paid out of the grand excise in course , and out of delinquents estates , for the payment of the said officers and souldiers of the said army , and out of the remainder of the monies formerly assigned upon gold-smiths hall for the army . and it is further ordained , that the said committee shall have power to call to their assistance any person or persons whatsoever as they shall think fit , for their information touching the said accompts , and of free quarter , or money for free quarter , and monies otherwise levied , and to make up the accompts according to the late instructions for the accompts of the souldiery of the kingdome , that defalcation may be made upon the said accompt . and it is lastly ordained , that the treasurers at wars and commissioners appointed by parliament to reside in the army shall be aiding and assisting to the said committee in this service . hen. elsynge cler. parl. dom. com. printed for edward husband , printer to the house of commons . junii . by the king, a declaration whereas we have been informed that divers abuses have been committed in the quartering of officers and soldiers contrary to our declaration bearing date the twenty fifth day of august, in the first year of our reign ... no officer or soldier whatsoever shall be lodged in any private house, without the free and voluntary consent of the owner. england and wales. sovereign ( - : james ii) approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : - (eebo-tcp phase ). a wing j estc r ocm this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, - ; : ) by the king, a declaration whereas we have been informed that divers abuses have been committed in the quartering of officers and soldiers contrary to our declaration bearing date the twenty fifth day of august, in the first year of our reign ... no officer or soldier whatsoever shall be lodged in any private house, without the free and voluntary consent of the owner. england and wales. sovereign ( - : james ii) james ii, king of england, - . broadside. printed by charles bill, henry hills, and thomas newcomb ..., london : . reproduction of original in the british library. created by converting tcp files to tei p using tcp tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between and available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the , texts created during phase of the project have been released into the public domain as of january . anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. % (or pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf- unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p , characters represented either as utf- unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng soldiers -- great britain -- billeting. great britain -- history, military -- - . - tcp assigned for keying and markup - spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images - elspeth healey sampled and proofread - spi global rekeyed and resubmitted - mona logarbo sampled and proofread - mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion i r diev et mon droit honi soit qvi mal y pense royal blazon or coat of arms by the king , a declaration . for y e regulating of his soldiers in yeir quarters & on their march. . sept. . james r. whereas we have been informed that divers abuses have been committed in the quartering of officers and soldiers contrary to our declaration bearing date the twenty fifth day of august , in the first year of our reign ; we have thought fit , for the better prevention thereof , hereby to declare our royal will and pleasure to be , that in the quartering of our guards , and of all other our land-forces within any city , town or garrison , no officer or soldier whatsoever shall be lodged in any private house , without the free and voluntary consent of the owner , and that all houses shall be deemed private houses except virtualling-houses , and houses of publick entertainment , or such as have licenses to sell wine , or any other liquor ; that no officer or soldier shall presume in any case whatsoever , to set out or appoint , or to take up or change any quarters for himself or any others , without the direction or appointment of the chief magistrates , iustices of the peace , or constable of the place where any of our forces are or shall be quartered ; that to every officer there be appointed and allotted one bed , and to two private soldiers or servants of officers , one bed ; nor shall any quarters , be set out or kept for any absent officer , soldier , or servant , nor for any longer time then such officer , soldier , or servant shall be present at the quarters so to be assigned , and shall personally make use of them , all which quarters are to be as equally apportioned as may be , to the greatest ease of our subjects , by the chief magistrate or iustices of the peace in every city , town or garrison , to whom the care or direction hereof does belong . and we do further strictly charge and command , that when the quarters shall be set out and assigned to any regiment , troop or company , no officer or soldier do presume for any reward , composition , or consideration of profit , to leave or change their quarters , or to exact , demand or receive money for quarters , or for exempting any persons from the same , under the penalty to a private soldier of such punishment as a court-martial shall inflict , and to an officer offending herein , or permitting the same , of being cashiered and discharged from our service : and that all offenders herein may be punisht with the greatest rigour , our further will and pleasure is , that upon the committing of any abuse in disobedience of these our commands , complaint be forthwith made by the person aggrieved , in open quarters to the chief officer with the regiment , troop or company to which such offender belongs , and in garrison to the governour or commander in chief , who are forthwith to cause the soldier or soldiers offending , to be severely punisht , and to suspend the officer or officers acting contrary hereunto , until upon information thereof sent unto us , he or they shall be discharged from our service ; and in default of a speedy redress the person injured is to make his complaint to the chief magistrate or magistrates of the place , or to the next iustice of the peace , who are to take the depositions or informations in writing , as well of the person injured , as of any other that may be able to give evidence in the matter complained of , and to transmit the same unto us , that we may give such order for the punishment of the offenders , and satisfaction of the person offended , as to iustice shall appertain . and forasmuch as we have been informed of divers abuses committed in the impressing of horses and carriages upon the march of our forces , we have further thought fit hereby to declare our pleasure , that no military officer or soldier do presume at any time to impress any horses , waggon or carriage for the use of our forces , or upon any pretence whatsoever , but that the same be left to the direction and appointment of our iustices of the peace , and to the bailiffs , headboroughs or constables of those places where any of our regiments , troops or companies shall pass from time to time , pursuant to such warrants as shall be produced unto them under our sign manual , nor shall any officer refuse to pay the usual rate of six pence per mile for each waggon or carriage employed by him : under the like penalty to any officers or soldiers offending herein , who are to be proceeded against and punisht with the utmost severity in the manner aforementioned . given at our court at windsor the second day of september . in the fourth year of our reign . god save the king . london , printed by charles bill , henry hills , and thomas newcomb , printers to the king 's most excellent majesty . by the king. a proclamation for the further restraint of prophane swearing and cursing, and the better observing of prayer and preaching in his majesties armies, and the city of oxford, and in all other parts of the kingdome. england and wales. sovereign ( - : charles i) this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing c thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) by the king. a proclamation for the further restraint of prophane swearing and cursing, and the better observing of prayer and preaching in his majesties armies, and the city of oxford, and in all other parts of the kingdome. england and wales. sovereign ( - : charles i) charles i, king of england, - . sheet ([ ] p.) by leonard lichfield, printer to the university, printed at oxford [i.e. london] : . with engraving of royal seal at head of document. actual place of publication from wing. dated at end: given at our court at oxford, the eighteenth of april. . reproduction of the original in the british library. eng swearing -- early works to . soldiers -- conduct of life -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no by the king· a proclamation for the further restraint of prophane swearing and cursing, and the better observing of prayer and preaching in england and wales. sovereign a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images - john pas sampled and proofread - john pas text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion by the king . ❧ a proclamation for the further restraint of prophane swearing and cursing , and the better observing of prayer and preaching in his majesties armies , and the city of oxford , and in all other parts of the kingdome . whereas , by our proclamation dated the . day of june last past , we did strictly charge and command all the respective officers of our army , to cause all our military orders against blasphemie , oathes , and other scandalous actions against the honour and service of god , to be duly and severely put in execution ; which our command , if it had been well observed and the lawes of our realm touching those offences duly executed , ( as in duty to god and us they ought to have been ) there had not been that liberty taken by those of our army , and other persons in the kingdome , of dishonouring the sacred majesty of god , by horrible oathes and execrations , to the high provocation of god's wrath against themselves and this whole nation : we therefore out of our tender care of the honour of god ( to whose glory we shall ever devote our grown ) and in token of our hatred and detestation of this monstrous impiety , do by this out proclamation strictly charge all commanders and officers of our armies , and of all our garrison townes , to see that all our military orders for the repressing of prophane . swearing and cursing by souldiers , be duly and severely executed for the time to come , and exemplary punishment done upon offenders therein , to the terrour of others . which that they may know is by us expected at their hands , we do hereby require all commanders and officers in our armies , and garrison townes , and all who do or shall attend us in our court , to be vertuous examples in their own persons to all souldiers and others , by abstaining from all such prophanations , as they desire the blessing of god upon us , upon themselves , and the whole land ; which if they shall neglect to perform , we do hereby declare , that all such persons in our court , armies , or garrison towns as shall appear to us to be notorious offenders in this kind , we will in some publike way set a character of disgrace upon them , that they may appeare to the whole world to be offensive both to god and us . and we do further hereby strictly charge and command all justices of peace , bayliffs , and head-officers in all cities and townes corporate within the same , that they , cause the statute made in the . yeare of the raign of our late father of blessed memory , for the prevention and preformation of prophane swearing and cursing to be put in due execution and that the forfeiture of twelve-pence for every offence be levied according to that statute , and particularly in our city of oxford , where our court now is , wherein we strictly charge and require the major , and justices of peace of our said city ( of whom we will require a strict account ) to take especiall care of the punishment of all offenders in that kind , and that children and others , of whom the penalty of twelve-pence cannot be levied or had , be whipped , or set three houres in the stocks , according to the forme of that statute . and for the future prevention of these and the like offences so opposite to the glory of god by planting his true fear in the hearts of all men , we do lastly charge and command , that divine service and sermons ( according to the doctrine and liturgie of the church of england established by law ) be duly and constantly used in all our armies and garrison townes , and in all churches and chappells throughout this realme . all these our commands we require forthwith to be printed , and published at the head of every regiment of our army , and in all garrison townes and in all parish churches within this our realme . given at our court at oxford , the eighteenth of april . . god save the king . printed at oxford , by leonard lichfield , printer to the vniversity , . the building and glory of the truely christian and spiritual church. represented in an exposition on isai. , from vers. . to the . preached to his excellency sir tho. fairfax and the general officers of the army, with divers other officers, and souldiers, and people, at marston, being the head-quarter at the leaguer before oxford, june. . . / by william dell, minister of the gospel, attending on his excellencie sir thomas fairfax in the army. together with a faithful testimony touching that valiant and victorious army, in the epistle to the reader. published by authority. dell, william, d. . this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason e _ ). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page images. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing d thomason e _ estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; :e [ ]) the building and glory of the truely christian and spiritual church. represented in an exposition on isai. , from vers. . to the . preached to his excellency sir tho. fairfax and the general officers of the army, with divers other officers, and souldiers, and people, at marston, being the head-quarter at the leaguer before oxford, june. . . / by william dell, minister of the gospel, attending on his excellencie sir thomas fairfax in the army. together with a faithful testimony touching that valiant and victorious army, in the epistle to the reader. published by authority. dell, william, d. . [ ], , [ ] p. printed for g. calvert, at the black spread-eagle at the west-end of pauls., london, : . in this edition, line of t.p. ends with "attending on". in imprint, "black" is capitalized. internally, the two editions are identical. both are wing d . annotation on thomason copy: "july th". reproduction of the original in the british library. eng bible. -- o.t. -- isaiah liv, - -- sermons. sermons, english -- th century. soldiers -- sermons -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- sermons -- early works to . a r (thomason e _ ). civilwar no the building and glory of the truely christian and spiritual church.: represented in an exposition on isai. , from vers. . to the . p dell, william c the rate of defects per , words puts this text in the c category of texts with between and defects per , words. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images - john latta sampled and proofread - john latta text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion the building and glory of the truely christian and spiritual church . represented in an exposition on isai. , from vers . to the . preached to his excellency sir tho. fairfax and the general officers of the army , with divers other officers , and souldiers , and people , at marston , being the head-quarter at the leaguer before oxford , june . . by william dell , minister of the gospel , attending on his excellencie sir thomas fairfax in the army . together with a faithful testimony touching that valiant and victorious army , in the epistle to the reader . matth. . . blessed are ye when men shall revile you , and persecute you , and shall say all manner of evil against you falsly , for my sake . verse . rejoyce and be exceeding glad ; for great is your reward in heaven : for so persecuted they the prophets which were before you . psal. . . the reproaches of them that reproached thee , are fallen upon me . published by authority . london , printed for g. calvert , at the black spread-eagle at the west-end of pauls . . to the reader . having obtained this grace from god , to be called into some friendship and familiarity with jesus christ , so , as to hear and receive from him , something of the minde and bosome of the father , according to his free grace , who hath mercy on whom he will : and having after many tears and temptations ( not unknown to many yet in the body ) obtained this further grace , to speak the word of god with boldnesse , i have also been counted worthy to be taken into some fellowship with christ in his sufferings , and to endure the contradiction of sinners , and oft-times to encounter the rage and madnesse of men , yea , and to fight with men after the manner of beasts , altogether brutish and furious . and thus it hath fared with me often , especially at two remarkable times . the one at lincoln , upon occasion of two sermons preached there , on these words of the prophet isaiah , chap. . . of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end . wherein giving unto christ his own proper due , many were angry i had taken too much from men , to whom yet nothing belongs , but iniquity , shame and confusion ; they could not bear this , that the lord alone should be exalted . but that doctrine of truth the lord hath strongly upheld with the right hand of his righteousnesse , and the glory of it hath since shone into many hearts in this kingdom , much contrary to their desire . the other time wherein i met with remarkable opposition , was lately at marston , the head quarter at the leaguer before oxford ; whither some coming out of the city of london , in all probability out of some special designe ( seeing the old malignity now acts in a new form , and is daily coming forth in a second and more plausible , cunning , and deceiving edition ) became exceeding angry and headie against the plain and cleer truth of the gospel , delivered in this following exposition ( wherein the whole truth and substance of what was then delivered , is exactly set down , and nothing abated ; but rather some things farther pressed , adding ( as jeremiah in the second roll ) many like words to the former . new some of these men , seeing themselves and their new designe cleerly discovered by the light of the word , and made altogether naked , suddenly they grew fierce and furious , contradicting and blaspheming , yea , some of them speaking the language of hell upon earth ( of which there are some witnesses ) as became men of such a generation . these men , according to the operation of that spirit which works mightily in the children of disobedience , come and fill the whole city with lyes and slanders , laying to my charge things that i knew not ; the falshood and untruth whereof , there are some hundreds , and some of them of great and eminent worth and piety , ready to witnesse . wherefore of meer necessity i was constrained to publish this exposition , as a witnesse to this present and the following generations , of these mens resisting the spirit , and acting against christ himself in the word . and though the discourse be very plain , not savouring of any accuratenesse of humane wisedom and learning , yet they that are themselves spiritual , will acknowledge somthing of the spirit in it , and for that cause will rellish and love it ; though others will therefore be at the greater enmity against it . but for my part , i have set down my resolution in the lord , in this cause of jesus christ , not to weigh all the power of earth or hell , one feather ; but to put it to the utmost trial , whether the truth of the gospel or the slanders and lyes of men shall prevail : whether the smoke of the bottomlesse pit , that comes forth out of the mouth of these and many others , shall be able to blot out or darken the brightnesse of christs coming in the ministery of the gospel : yea , and whether the power and malice of the devil and the world , shall be stronger then the love and protection of jesus christ . and i doubt not , but the more the world acts in the spirit of the devil , the more will christ enable us to act in his own spirit , till all at last shall be forced to acknowledge , that the spirit that is in us , is stronger then the spirit that is in the world . and what now have all these men obtained by all their malice and fury , but a greater and more open discovery of the truth : and to cause that that light of the gospel , that onely shone in one congregation , should , through the printing of it , have its beams scattered in many parts of the kingdom : and wherever the truth comes , the children of the truth will entertain it , & ask no body leave . and thus through the over-ruling power of gods wisedom , do these men betray their own and their fellows cause , and overthrow their own and their ends ; and whilst they think to oppresse the truth , propagate it the more : and thus shall truths enemies perish , and the truth it self flourish ; yea , flourish through slanders , oppositions , contradictions , blasphemies , and all the vilenes and villany in the world . and all this confidence in us , arises hence , because christ is not as a dead man , but is risen and ascended , and sits at the right hand of god , and fills all things , & doth all things in heaven and in earth , in the world and in the church , among his friends & among his enemies , till these be made his footstool : which is the very thing we are now in expectation of . now one thing more which i think fit to acquaint the world withal in this epistle , is this , that none of these thorny hearers durst after come to discourse with me , or to look me in the face ; but one among them , that seemed of a better temper then the rest , upon the urging of a godly citizen then present , did speak with me : and the question he asked of me , was this , whether i thought that all presbyterians were carnal gospellers . i told him , i was far from thinking any such thing ; for i knew some of them very godly christians , and did acknowledge the grace of god in them ; and that for mine own part , i did not allow any such distinction of christians , as presbyterians and independents , this being onely a distinction of mans making , tending to the division of the church ; and added , that as in christs kingdom neither circumcision availeth any thing , nor uncircumcision , but a new creature ; so in this same kingdom of christ , neither presbytery availeth any thing , nor independency , but a new creature : and that the kingdom of god stands not in presbytery or independency , but in righteousnesse , and peace , and joy in the holy ghost ; and that , if i saw any thing of god or christ , or the spirit in any one , i reckoned him as a brother , not taking any such opinion into consideration ; and that the unity of spirit , and not of opinion , is the bond of peace in christs kingdom . the man then pretended to be satisfied , and to rejoyce in his satisfaction ; but since ( as is related ) hath shewed his stomack again ▪ but because he seems to be a christian , the lord lay it not to his charge . and truly , reader , it is a sad thing , that ever these names of presbyterians and independents grew up to this higth in the church , and that these opinions should be reckoned more in a man , then the presence and dwelling of god himself and the spirit in him . for my part , i utterly disclaim all such distinctions of mans making , and will allow of no distinction of men , but what god himself hath made , and that is this , the world , and they that are taken out of the world ; or , the church , and they that are without : and in the church , the children that are born after the flesh , and the children that are born after the spirit : or , which is all one , carnal and spiritual christians . this distinction of men , god hath made , and this i do and must needs use , though the world ( as it appears ) likes this worse then the other . for the distinction of seeds in the church , is the true distinction ; and the more this is brought about by the word and spirit , the more glorious will the church be . now , some spiritual christians may be among those that are called presbyterians , and some among those that are called independents ; and all these , though called by different names , are of one spritual church : & again , some carnal christians may be among those that are called independents , & some among those that are called presbyterians ; and all these , though called by different names , are of one carnal church . and therefore i could wish we had obtained such wisedom from god , as to let the distinction & division of men lie onely there , where god hath made it , and not where flesh and blood hath made it ; and so shall the true spiritual church be delivered from these distinctions of flesh and blood , and be separated from the world , and be gathered together in it self , and be at unity with it self ; which will be gods great glory , and its own strength , comfort and happinesse , and the great terrour and dread of all profane men and formalists . another thing which i finde my heart stirred up within me to do , is , to testifie to the world what i kn●w in mine own experience , touching the army under the command of that most faithful and worthy general , sir tho. fairfax : and that because i am not ignorant of the great undervaluing , and despising , and reproaching of it , by many , even of those , whose blood runs warm in their veins , and who enjoy all the comforts they have in the world , through the faithfulnesse , diligence , activity , labours , hunger , thirst , cold , wearines , watchings , marchings , engagements , stormings , wounds and blood of these men , instruments in the hand of god , for the subduing that malignant power that rose up against the state and saints of god ▪ yea , instruments of gods own chusing and calling forth to his foot , for this great and glorious service ; which after-ages will wonder and stand amazed at , as well as at the vile ingratitude of this age , to such instruments as these ; for which god will not hold it guiltlesse . this then for mine own part i am most confident on , that there are as many gracious and godly christians in it , as in any gathering together of men in all the world again : men full of faith and the spirit , and the admirable indowments of it . more particularly , there are these six things most remarkable in this despised army . . their unity , which is admirable : it being more the unity of christians then of men ▪ more a unity in the spirit then in the flesh ; in the father and son then in themselves . and this hath been one great means of their great successe , they being all both in counsel and action but as one man . the lord hath taken them and knit them up in one bundle , and so their enemies could not break them , but have been broken by them ▪ many of their matters of greatest moment , have been carried in councell with that unity , that sometimes not so much as one hath contradicted . . their humility ; which hath been admirable aswell as the former . for after great and glorious victories , to the wonder of the kingdom and of the world , when kings of the army did flee apace , and the men of might ran away as women , i have never heard any of the worthy and godly commanders or officers ever to say , i did this or that , or to boast of his own counsel or his own strength , or to attribute any thing to himself , or any body else , of what god had done ; but every one to say . this was the lords own doing , and it is marvellous in our eyes ; and it was not our own sword or bowe , but the lords right hand , and his arm , and the light of his countenance . and they have been most willing to be nothing themselves , that god might be all . and this hath been one means to keep them humble , because though god hath been much with them , yet the world hath been much against them ; not for their own sakes , who have done the work of the kingdom faithfully and honestly ; but for gods sake in them : because there is more of god among these men then among other men , therefore are they so maligned by many men . for the world always most hates , where there is most of god : and you may have a shrewd guesse where there is most of god , by observing where the greatest hatred of the world lies . . their faith . there are many in the army ●en of great and precious faith ; through which , they have wrought righteousnesse , obtained promises , stopped the mouthes of lions , quenched the violence of fire , escaped the edge of the sword , out of weaknesse were made strong , waxed valiant in fight , turned to flight the armies of the aliens . through this faith , they have pursued their enemies and overtaken them , and turned not again till they had consumed them : they have beaten them small as the dust before the winde , & cast them out as dirt in the streets . through faith they have entred strong cities ; and i can truly and particularly say ( let them that will needs be offended , stumble and fall at it ) that bristol ( among other places ) was conquered by faith more then by force ; it was conquered in the hearts of the godly by faith , before ever they stretched forth a hand against it ; & they went not so much to storm it as to take it , in the assurance of faith . through faith , one of them hath chased ten , and ten put an hundred to flight , and an hundred a thousand . and this was performed in the very letter of it , at that famous and memorable battel at naseby . many more instances i could relate of the power of faith in this army , but that i should thereby grieve and afflict many too much . . the spirit of prayer : and this the lord hath poured forth upon many of them in great measure ; not onely upon many of the chief commanders , but on very many of the inferiour officers , and common troopers ; some of whom , i have by accident heard praying , with that faith and familiarity with god , that i have stood wondering at the grace . we never undertook any thing of weight , but god was always sought to of us again and again : and we have found god neer to us in all things we have call'd upon him for . yea , god hath been found of us , whilst yet we have been seeking him , & hath given us the answer of our prayers into our bosoms . . the special presence of god with them . i have seen more of the presence of god in that army , then amongst any people that ever i conversed with in my life . there hath been a very sensible presence of god with us : we have seen his goings , and observed his very footsteps : for he hath dwelt among us , and marched in the head of us , and counsel'd us , and led us , and hath gone along with us step by step , from naseby to leicester , and from thence to langport , and bridgewater , and bath , and sherborn , and bristol , and the devises , and winchester , and bazing , and dartmouth , and exceter , and into cornwal , and back again to oxford , and all along his presence hath gone along with us , and he hath been our strength and glory . how often hath fearfulnesse and trembling taken hold upon the enemy ? and the stout men been at a losse for their courage , and the men of might for their hands , because of the presence of god with us ? yea , because of this , they have melted away in their strong holds , and delivered up their fenced cities into our hands ; and every place we have come against , we have taken in , and every battel wherein we have fought , we have prevailed . and because god hath been in the midst of us , we have not been moved our selves ; and our enemies have perished ( not by our valour , and weapons , and strength ) but at the rebuke of his countenance . this shall be written for the generation to come ( seeing so many of this present generation so little regard it ) and the people that are to be born shall praise the lord . . the sixth remarkable thing in the army is , their faithfulnesse to the state . how have they gone up and down in wearines and labours , and dangers , and deaths , to do the kingdomes worke ? when was it , that they sate idle ? have they not as soone as one field was fought , prepared to another ? as soon as one city was taken , advanced to another ? and so gone on , from one strong hold of the enemies to another , till all have been reduced ? that peace might be hastned to this kingdome if it were the will of god , and not come as a snaile , but as on eagles wings ? yea , have they not been active , even all the winter long , in a most cold and frosty season that continued so for two months together , beating the enemy out of the field , and taking their strong holds , when other armies use to lie still ? have they taken the pay of idlenesse , or lived the life of luxury , upon the state-maintenance ? have they sought to lengthen the wars , for their own advantages ? have they not made even a short work ? i challenge all the former generations of the world to stand forth & to shew so much work of this kind done in so little time . and farther , by all this successe , have they ever been lifted up so much as to petition the parliament in any thing , or to remonstrate any thing proudly and undutifully to them , as some people surfeted with peace and plenty have done ? or , though the kingdom , next under god and the parliament , owes its protection , and deliverance , and freedom from tyranny and popery , to this worthy army , have they for all this , ever appeared to contest against the kingdom for any thing , or to stand with their swords in their hands to make demands ? nay , i declare this to all the kingdom , that as god hath made them glorious in doing , so he hath made them contented to be perfected by suffering , if it be the will of god . and most confident i am , that though some men for private ends and interests are murmuring , and others speaking out against this army , as the perverse israelites against moses and aaron , yet the lord in his due time , will take away the reproach of all his people therein ; and that we shall hear songs from all the ends of the kingdom , even glory to the righteous . this i have spoken in truth and sincerity to the kingdom : and to that army i shall say , who is like unto thee , o people ? saved by the lord , who is the shield of thy help , and the sword of thine excellency ; and thine enemies shall be found lyers unto thee , and thou shalt tread upon their high places . i have been longer in this epistle then i intended : but seeing there was such a cause as this , no ingenious man will blame me . christian reader , i am thine to serve thee in the lord , and in the gospel of his son , william dell . an exposition of the chapter of isaiah , from vers . to the end . the words are thus : vers . . oh thou afflicted , tossed with tempest , and not comforted ; behold , i will lay thy stones with fair colours , and lay thy foundations with saphires . . and i will make thy windows of agates , and thy gates of carbuncles , and all thy borders of pleasant stones , &c. this place of scripture is very useful to the church of god in these times wherein we live : yea verily this prophet did not so much prophesie to his own age as to ours , nor to the jewish church as to the christian . for unto them it was revealed , that not unto themselves , but unto us , they did minister the things which are now reported unto you . the prophet isaiah prophesied in the spirit touching the kingdom of christ ; which stands not in the flesh , but in the spirit , and delivers from the father by the spirit many excellent promises to be fulfilled in the son incarnate , head and members . the first promise in this chapter , is touching the great increase of the church , in the days of the new testament ; that whereas before , the church was to be found but in one kinred , and tongue , and people , and nation ; now it should be gathered out of every kindred , and tongue , and people , and nation . and this is so desireable and comfortable a thing , that in the beginning of the chapter , he calls upon all to rejoyce at this ; vers. . sing , o barren , thou that didst not bear ; break forth into singing , and shout aloud , thou that didst not travel with childe : for more are the children of the desolate then of the married wife , saith the lord . enlarge the place of thy tent , and let them stretch forth the curtains of thine habitations . spare not , lengthen thy cords , and strengthen thy stakes : for thou shalt break forth on the right hand and on the left , and thy seed shall inherite the gentiles , and make the desolate cities to be inhabited . so that there shall certainly be a most wonderful and numerous increase of the faithful in the christian church , till they become as the stars of heaven , and as the drops of the morning dew , that cannot be told , all of them assembled in the beauties of holinesse . and therefore let us not be over-much troubled , though at present we see , in a numerous nation , but few true children of the spiritual church ; for god shall blesse these few , and bid them increase , and multiply , and replenish the earth : so that though the assemblies of the saints be now but thin , and one comes from this place , and another from that , to these assemblies , and in many and most places of the kingdom , these few are fain to come together secretly , for fear of the jews , that is , the people of the letter ; yet through the pouring forth of the spirit , it shall come to passe , at last , that they shall come in flocks , as doves to their windows . and it shall be said to the church by the lord , lift up thine eyes round about , and behold , all these gather fellows together and come to thee : at i live , saith the lord , thou shalt surely clothe thee with them all , as with an ornament , and binde them on thee as a bride doth , &c. till at last the church shall say in her heart , who hath begotten me these , seeing i have lost my children and am desolate , a captive , and removing to and fro ? and who hath brought up these ? behold , i was left alone ; these where had they been ? yea , these very promises are now in the very act of accomplishing among us ; for the spiritual church hath received a very great increase , within these few yeers , and god hath many faithful people , in many places of this kingdom ; and of this my self and many more in this army are witnesses : for having marched up and down the kingdom , to do the work of god , and the state , we have met with many christians , who have much gospel light , and ( which makes it the more strange ) in such places , where there hath been no gospel-ministery ; which hath put me in minde of that prophecie , isai. . . who hath heard such a thing ? who hath seen such things ? shall the earth be made to bring forth in one day , or shall a nations be born at once ? for as soon as sion travelled , nay , before she travelled , she brought forth her children . there was no outward ministery of the gospel to travel or take pains with them , and yet sion brings forth her children . and one thing that is remarkable touching the increase of the church at this day , is this , that where christ sends the ministration of the spirit , there many young people are brought in to christ , as being most free from the forms of the former age , and from the doctrines and traditions of men , taught and received instead of the pure and unmixed word of god : whereas many old professors , who are wholly in the form , prove the greatest enemies to the power of godlinesse : and thus the first are the last , and the last first . now this great and sudden increase of the faithful , is that which doth so exceedingly trouble the world , and makes them angry at the very heart . for , if they were but a few , mean , contemptible and inconsiderable persons , whom they might easily suppresse and destroy , they would be pretty quiet : but when they begin to increase in the land , as israel did in egypt , and notwithstanding all the burdens of their taskmasters wherewith they are afflicted and grieved , do yet increase abundantly , and multiply , and wax exceeding mighty , till they begin to fill the land ; and when they consult to deal wisely with them , lest they multiply too much , do yet see them grow and multiply the more , that they know not at what countrey , or city , or town , or village , or family , to begin to suppresse them : this is that doth so exceedingly vex and inrage the world , and makes them even mad again , as we see this day . for the increase of the faithful , as it is the glory of the church , so it is the grief and madnesse of the world . but these men in vain attempt against this increase of the faithful , as the egyptians against the increase of the israelites ; for none can hinder the increase of the church , but they that hinder god from pouring out his spirit ; and according to the measure of gods pouring forth the spirit , is and must be the increase of the church , in despite of all the opposition of the world . and thus much touching the first promise , of the churches increase . now in the words i read to you , the lord comes to another promise : so that the lord because of the churches weaknesse , addes one promise to another ; and these promises are nothing but the outgoings and manifestations of his love , through the word christ . but to look more neerly upon the words . oh thou afflicted . affliction in the world doth so inseparably attend the church , that the church even takes its denomination from it , oh thou afflicted . the condition of the church , is an afflicted condition . for the church being born of god , and born of the spirit , is put into a direct contrariety to the world , which is born of the flesh , and is also of its father the devil . and so the whole world is malignant against the faithful and spiritual church ; and all that are not regenerate , set their faces , yea their hearts and their hands against the saints ; and the unregenerate world is against the regenerate , and the carnal world against the spiritual , and the sinful world against the righteous ; and all the people and nations in the world , are against that people and nation , which the apostle calls , a holy nation , and a peculiar people . as the world cannot endure god in himself , so neither can it endure god in the saints , and so the more god dwells in the saints , the more doth the world afflict the saints : for they oppose not the faithful for any thing of flesh and blood in them , but because that flesh and blood of theirs , is the habitation of god , and the very presence of god himself is there , as he saith , i will dwell in them , and walk in them . agreeable to this , is that of christ , where he saith , all this shall they do to you for my names sake ; that is , when the name of christ is called upon us , and we are taken into his name , that is , into his righteousnesse , and life , and truth , and wisedom , and holinesse , and into his nature , which comprehends all this ; then , when the world perceives the name of god in the sons of men , and the nature of god in the natures of men , then presently they fall a persecuting the saints , for this name and natures sake ; and he that strikes at god in his saints , would if he could strike at god in himself . and therefore let the world take heed what they do in this point ; for while they persecute the saints , they are found fighters against god himself , because god is one with them , and they are one with god in christ . and let the saints be admonished so to hide and retire themselves into god through christ , that whoever is an enemy to them , and opposes them , may rather be an enemy to god , and oppose god then them , they living and acting in god , and not in themselves . now this affliction the church meets with in the world , is profitable for the church ; it is good for it , that it should be afflicted : for the more it is afflicted in the flesh , the more it thrives in the spirit : this affliction stirres us up to the exercise of our faith , and prayer ; yea , then is our faith most active and vigorous , and our prayers most fervent , till they fill the whole heavens again ; then are we most in the use of the word ; then are we set off furthest from the world ; then do we keep closest to god ; then have we neerest intercourse and communion with him : so that we could better want fire , and water , and the sun , then want affliction , which god out of his meer love , through his over-ruling power and wisedom , causes to work unto us for good , so that we who are placed in the hand of christ , are set in such a condition , wherein nothing can do us any harm for ever , but evil it self must work good unto us . but we proceed . tossed with tempest . where we see that the church is not onely afflicted , but violently afflicted ; one wave comes against it after another , as in a tempest ; and the more spiritual the church is , the more doth the world become as a raging sea against it ; because the more spiritual the church is made , it is set in the more contrariety to the world , and the world to it . the psalmist describes this temper in the world against the church ; they came upon me like a ramping and a roaring lion : and again , they came upon me to eat up my flesh as they would eat bread . when the saints have appeared in the spirit , and acted in the spirit , how violent and enraged hath the world been against them ? it would tosse them as in a tempest from place to place , from post to pillar , as they say , till it hath quite tost them out of the world . yea , men naturally meek and moderate , how fierce have they become against the saints , when there hath appeared any glorious discoveries of christ in them . for the enmity that is in the seed of the serpent against the seed of the woman , will be still breaking forth : and though it may for a time be covered under many moral vertues , and a form of godlinesse , yet when god leaves them to themselves , and lets them act outwardly according to their inward principles , how ernelly , and maliciously , and fiercely , and desperately , do they act against the saint of god ? yea , there is not that enmitie between turk and jew , as there is between carnac gospellers and spiritual christians ; the former hating these , and being angry against these to the very death . and whenever the lord shall suffer these to exercise their enmity against the church , then shall the churches condition become such as it is here described , afflicted and tossed with tempest . and not comforted . the chuurch of god in all the evil it meets withal in the world , hath not one drop of comfort from the world : it hath affliction , tribulation , persecution from the world , but no comfort . this we see in christ the head ; you know what he suffered in the world in the days of his flesh ; he was despised and rejected of men , and so full of sorrows , that he took his name from them , and was called a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief : at last , out of meer envie and malice , they apprehended him , bound him , buffeted him , spit on him , crucified him : and all this would have been but a small matter to have suffered from the heathen ; but he suffered all this from the onely visible church of god in the world , who put him to the most painful and shameful death of the crosse , between two malefactors , to bear the world in hand that he was the third and the chief . and in all this evil he had no body to pitie him , or have compassion on him ; but they laughed at him , and derided him , and mocked and jeered him ; but no body comforted him . and as it was with christ the head , so it is with christ the body and members ; they in all the evils , and woes , and sorrows , and oppositions , and persecutions they have from the world , have no body to comfort them , or take compassion on them . refuge failed me ( saith david ) no man cared for my soul . lover and friend hast thou put far from me , and mine acquaintance into darknesse , saith heman , psal. . . brethren and beloved , ye that are partakers of the heavenly calling and of the divine nature , if ever the lord suffer the world to prevail against you , to afflict you , and tosse you from one evil ●o another as in a tempest , to reproach you , throw you out of your comforts . banish you , imprison you , &c. you shall finde no body to comfort you ; no body will take notice of you , or regard you , or own you , or pitie you , or be so sensible of your condition , as to say , alas my brother . you must look for affliction in the world , but you must look for no comfort there . when god shall cast us into sorrows and sufferings , let us not look for one worldly man to stand by us , no not of those that now smile upon us , and pretend friendship to us ; no nor yet of our neer relations ; but then that shall be fulfilled , i was a stranger to my brethren , an alien to my mothers children . nay yet further ; they that are weak or worldly christians , will stand aloof from thee , and will be shye to own , and countenance , and encourage , and comfort thee publikely . the disciples of christ , when he was led to the crosse , they all forsook him , and fled , and left him to tread the wine-presse alone . and so if you suffer in the righteousnesse and truth of god , you shall finde little comfort from men . o thou afflicted , toss●d with tempest , and not comforted . now this the lord doth in much mercy to his saints ; he leaves them destitute of earthly comfort , that they may look for heavenly ; he leaves them destitute of all comfort from men , that they may look for comfort from god alone . and therefore when thou art brought into such a case , to be afflicted and not comforted , lift up thy heart to god , and expect all from him . saith christ , joh. . the world shall hate you and persecute you , and shall put out of their synagogues , and shall kill you ; and in doing all this , shall think they do god good service : but , saith he , i will send you the comforter . christ knew well enough , that among all these evils , they should have no comforter on earth , and therefore promises to send them ane from heaven . and therefore when thy soul is placed in affliction , never look after any earthly , or sensual , or creature-comforts , for they will prove poison to thy soul ; but onely look for heavenl● comforts , such as the spirit brings , such as flow immediately from god ; for these are pure , and sweet , and unmixed , and refreshing , and supporting , and satisfying , and enduring comforts ; comforts that are able to make thee rejoyce , not onely in fulnesse , but in wants ; not onely among friends , but in the midst of enemies ; not onely in good report , but in evil report ; not onely in prosperity ▪ but in tribulations ; not onely in life , but in death : they will make thee go singing to prison , to the crosse , to the grave : they are mighty comforts , infinitely stronger then all the sorrows of the flesh : and hence it is that many saints and martyrs have gone cheerfully to the stake , and sung in the very flames : the comforts of god in their souls , have strengthned them to this . thou that art a believer , and in union with christ , never doubt of this comfort in thy greatest sorrows . when christ had none to stand by him and comfort him , god sent an angel from heaved to do it : and so when we are left alone in the world , rather then we shall want comfort , god will send us an angel from heaven , to comfort us ; yea , the spirit it self , which is greater then all the angels in heaven ; and we shall certainly be comforted by god , when we are afflicted and tossed with tempest , and not comforted by men . behold , i will lay thy stones with fair colours , &c. the lord seeth the church in its affliction , without all cōmfort in the world , add then the lord comes and comforts it himself ; and this he doth by a promise . they are the sweetest comforts , that are brought to us in the promises . the promises are the swadling-clothes of christ , they carry christ wrapt up in them ; and christ represented to the church , hath been the comfort of it , in all its evils outward or inward . and therefore whatever affliction takes hold on thee , have recourse to the promises , to draw thy comforts from christ through them . oh how sweet is that life that is led in the promises i a life led in the promises , is the best life in the world . men that have estates in money or land , depend on those things for their maintenance ; but a christian may have little or nothing of these in the world , but he hath a promise , which is a thousand times better , and makes his life more comfortable : i am god all-sufficient ; and , i will not fail thee nor forsake thee : whereupon he comes to this resolution , the lord is my portion , saith my soul , i will trust in him . oh how sweet a life is this life , that knows no cares , nor fears , nor troubles , nor disquietments : here , saith a believer , lies my estate , and living , and the lot of mine inheritance , and this is a thousand times better and more certain estate , then all the mannors and lordships in the kingdom : for , my bread shall be given me , my waters shall be sure : the lord is my shepherd , and i shall not want ; no not then , when the lions ( the great men of the kingdom , to whom every poor man is a prey ) shall lack and suffer hunger . he that hath given me his own nature and spirit , will not leave me destitute of food and clothing . take another instance . a man feeling the bitternesse of affliction to flesh and blood , is ready to think , oh how shall i ever be able to suffer this or that , or to part with my relations , with my estate , with my life , and all that is neer and dear unto me ? why then a christian lays hold on the promise , god is faithful , and will not suffer us to be tempted above that which we are able . o , saith a christian , god will never bring me to any temptation or trial , but he will give me strength proportionable to it , or above it : and so lives satisfied with the truth , and goodnesse , and power of god . and thus you see in these instances , that a life led in the promises , is the sweetest and best life ; when a man can draw all from god himself , through a promise . and this in general , that god comforts his church by a promise . but to come more particularly to the words . behold , i will lay thy stones with fair colours , and lay thy foundations with saphires . vers . . and i will make thy windows of agates , and thy gates of carbuncles , and all thy borders of pleasant stones . the promise relates to the spiritual church of the new testament : and this you shall observe , is oft in scripture compared to a building , and that to a most stately , sumptuous , magnificent and glorious building ; as being all built of precious stones , and so more glorious then the first temple , which was built up of common stones : and it was prophesied that the glory of the second temple should far exceed the glory of the first . the first temple was solomons , which was indeed filled with the outward presence of god ; but the second temple is the humanity of jesus christ , or , the flesh of christ , both head and members : this is the living temple of the living god , the temple that god hath built by his spirit , for his own ha●itation ; wherein god dwels truely , really , spiritually , and most neerly , by the way of the most neer union , whereby god and the creature are knit together : and this spiritual temple is more glorious then the first material one , either according to the first edition of it by solomon , or the second edition of it by the fathers , in the days of cyrus , darius , and artaxerxes . here then you see , that the lord promiseth to build up the church of the new testament , with stones of fair colours , with precious stones . i wil not stand to enquire particularly into the natures of the several stones here named ; for the jews themselves do not fully agree about them . it shall be sufficient for us to attain to the meaning of the spirit in this place ; and that is this : that the spiritual church of the new testament , is not to be built with common , but with precious stones . now the full sense of these words i shall give you forth in several particulars . . you see here the matter of which the church of the new testament is made , and that is not of common , but of precious stones ; elect and precious stones ; and such are the faithful : for , . they have a more excellent nature then other men have : for they are born of god , and so partake of the nature of god ; and so in this sense may be said to come forth from god , as the childe from the father : and the lord jesus did not more truely partake of the nature of man , then these do partake of the nature of god ; and therefore saith peter , great and precious promises are made to us , that we should be partakers of the divine nature . others have onely the nature of men in them , or , which is worse , the nature of the devil : but the faithful have in them the nature of god communicated to them through a new birth . . they have a more excellent spirit then others have ; as it was said of daniel , that there was a more excellent spirit found with him , then with all the other wise men . now the excellency of each creature is according to the spirit of it : but the saints have the spirit of god , even the spirit of the father and the son dwelling in them ; they have the same spirit of god dwelling in their flesh , as christ had dwelling in his flesh : so that the very spirit of god , is found in the faithful , and therefore they are more glorious then the rest of the world . . they have a more excellent lustre then other men . one thing that appertains to the excellency of precious stones , is the lustre of them . now this lustre in the faithful , is the glory of god upon them : the lord shall arise upon thee , and his glory shall be seen upon thee , saith isaiah , chap. . and paul saith , we all beholding as in a glasse the glory of the lord , are changed into the same image from glory to glory , even as by the spirit of the lord . so that as christ was taken into the glory of the father , so are we taken into the glory of christ , as he saith , joh. . and the glory which thou gavest me , i have given them : for the head and members are taken into the same glory , according to their proportion . . they have more excellent operations ; for the faithful are not such precious stones that are onely for shew , but they also have some vertue in them , even the very vertues of jesus christ : for they having the same nature and spirit of god as he had , are able according to the measure of the gift of christ to do the same works that he did : and so the saints are excellent in the operations of faith , hope , love , humility , meeknesse , patience , temperance , heavenly mindednesse , &c. and in this regard also are more precious then the rest of the world . and therefore the lord calls them his jewels , in the day wherein i make up my jewels : and elsewhere they are called the precious sons of sion . the people of god are a most precious people , men and women of a precious anointing ; though some wicked and scurrilous libellers against the spiritual church will not allow them this name ; but ( according to the anointing they have received from satan ) reproach it . and yet still it is a truth , that the gates of hell shall not prevail against , that the truely faithful are precious stones in the building of the church , partaking of the nature and spirit of god , and of the lustre and operation of both . whereas , on the contrary , other people are the vile of the earth , the true filth and off scouring of all things ; psal. . in whose eyes a vile person is contemned : a man that is a natural man , a sinful and unregenerate man , who hath no other nature in him , but that corrupt nature he brought into the world , though in this present world he may be a gentleman , or a knight , or a noble-man , or a king , yet in the eyes of god and his saints , he is but a vile person ; and a poor mean christian that earns his bread by hard labour , is a thousand times more precious and excellent then he , according to the judgement of god and his word . and thus much for the first thing , the matter of which the church of the new testament is made , and that is of precious stones . . now the next thing observable ▪ is the variety of these precious stones . for the spiritual church is not built up of precious stones of one sort onely , not all of saphires , or all of agates , or all of carbuncles ; but of all these , both saphires , agates , carbuncles , and many other precious stones of fair colours . and this notes the diversity of gifts in the saints of god . for though all of them are precious stones , yet they are of diversity of colours , and lustre , and operations : and this also makes for the greater glory of the church : for the variety of lustre addes to the beauty and ornament of it . in the body of a man , there is not one member , but many . if the body were all but one member , it would be but a lump of flesh ; but the variety of members , with their several gifts and operations , are the glory of the body . and so it is in the church , the body of jesus christ , wherein are divers members , with diversity of gifts and operations , excellently set forth by paul , cor. . . &c. now there are diversity of gifts , but the same spirit : and there are differences of administrations , but the same lord : and there are diversities of operations , but it is the same god that worketh all in all . but the manifestation of the spirit is given to every one to profit withal : for to one is given by the spirit the word of wisedom , to another the word of knowledge by the same spirit ; to another faith by the same spirit ; to another the gift of healing by the same spirit : to another the working of miracles , to another prophecie , to another discerning of spirits , to another divers kind●s of tongues , to another interpretation of tongues : but all these work●● that one and the same spirit ; dividing to every 〈…〉 he will . here you see , are diversity of gifts , and administrations , and operations in the faithful ; but all proceed from one and the same spirit ; and whatsoever gift proceeds from the spirit , there is an excellent beauty , a heavenly lustre in it . and therefore labour to distinguish between those gifts that are connatural to thee , and flow from thy own spirit , and those gifts that are supernatural , and flow from gods spirit . in all the operations of thine own spirit , in all thy natural abilities , parts , wisedom , learning , actings , there is nothing but ungloriousnesse , deformity , darknesse , death , how specious soever they may appear to the world : but in the gifts and operations that flow from gods spirit , there is a heavenly beauty , and lustre , and glory ; yea , even in weak christians that are true christians , you shall oft see and discern an excellent beauty in some gift or other , which they have received from the spirit ; which shines not forth so clearly in some stronger christians . and therefore let us not expect all gifts in all men , and that every man should excel in every gift ; for then one would be saying to another , i have no need of thee . but god hath given diversity of gifts to divers saints , that each may acknowledge something in another , which he hath not himself , and may reckon his perfection to lie in his union and communion with them ; that so the communion of saints may be kept up in the world , in despight of the world . one christian hath the gift of faith , another the gift of prayer , another the gift of utterance in preaching , another the gift of courage , another the gift of meeknesse , and the like ; and no man hath all things in himself , that every man in the sight of his own wants may be kept humble . and this is a glorius thing in this building , that the lustre of each stone addes to the lustre of all ; and the lustre of all is communicated to each stone : and so in the spiritual building , what one hath from the spirit , it is for all ; what all have , is for each one . if thou hast the gift of utterance in the ministration of the spirit , it is to build up me ; if i have the spirit of prayer , it commends thee as carefully to god , as my self : one watches over another , as over his own soul ; and if any be weak , the strong support them ; if any be doubtful , they that have the gift of knowledge direct them : if one be troubled , the rest mourn with him ; if one be comforted , the rest rejoyce with him ; and they are all so linked together in the body of christ , that the good and evil of one extends to all . where thou canst finde such another communion , there joyn thy self : but if this be the onely excellent communion in the world , who would not willingly joyn himself to that spiritual people , where no man calls his grace his own , but all gifts are in common among all , every one having a share in the faith , hope , love , prayer , peace , joy , wisdome , strength of all , and all having a share , in these gifts and graces , that are in any one ? and thus much for the diversity of the stones , as well as the preciousnesse of them . . the third thing that reveals the sense of the words , is to observe , that this spiritual building of the church of the new testament , is made up all of precious stones , without any mixture of common stones ; is made up of saphires , agates , carbuncles ; and addes ▪ and all thy borders of pleasant stones . here then must be no mingling of the precious and the vile , the holy and the profane , the faithful and the unbeliever , the spiritual and the carnal ; but all must be precious . if a man had a jewel that had here and there onely a precious stone in it , and all the rest common pebbles , there would be no great glory in such a jewel ; but the common stones would take off from the lustre of the precious ones : and so the church is gods jewel in the world , and it must be made up onely of precious stones , as you see here . and where are their eyes , that perceive not this ? there be some that talk much against new doctrine , which is the old reproach of the gospel ; but surely , there was never newer doctrine then this , that the spiritual church of the new testament , should be made up of all the people that live in a kingdom ▪ and that all that are born in such a nation , should necessarily be stones for the building up the new jerusalem . this is a new doctrine indeed , which neither the old nor the new testament owns ; but was conveyed into the world by the spirit of antichrist . for god doth not now make any people , or kinred , or nation his church : but gathers his church out of every people , and kinred , and nation : and none can be stones of this building , but those that are first elect , and after made precious , through a new birth , and the gift of the spirit . and this doctrine the word will justifie against the world ; for paul writing to the churches of ephesus and corinth , &c. doth he mean all the people that lived at ephesus or corinth ? no ; but the faithful and elect children by adoption , saints by calling , and saith , so it was meet for him to judge of them all . and if any were mistaken for a saint that was none , surely he carried himself very like one ; he was outwardly in sheeps clothing , or he had not been reckoned among the flock : and so if a stone be taken into this building , that is not truely precious , yet it is so like one in shew and colour , that it can hardly be discerned to be other , but a very skilful lapidary . and indeed such a mistake there may be in christs kingdom here , that a few counterfeit stones may be taken up among many precious ones : but that is the mistake of a false church , where a thousand counterfeit ones are taken in for one truely precious ; wherein for one faithful christian , there are many formalists , and many more profane . this is not such a building the prophet speaks of ; for this is all of elect and precious stones . but i cannot enlarge on these things , because this exercise i intend chiefly as an exposition : onely i will adde one or two things more , touching this particular , and so go on . . if the church of the new testament is to be built all of precious stones , what a building is that , where the onely care is , to keep these stones out of the building , lest by their glory and lustre they should darken the rest ? . consider , when the church shall be built up all of such precious stones , what a glorious church will that be , when the glory of the lord shall shine forth in every stone of this building ? how will there be then glory upon glory , till the glory of the church first darken , and then put out all the glory of the world ? . consider , what great enemies they are to the true and native glory of the church , that would have every man in a kingdom a member of the church , and would have those taken into the flock , that are none of christs sheep ; and those taken into the church of god , that are not of god ; and would gather up any stones to make up this temple of god . these are the men that would keep off those glorious things from being fulfilled in the church , which are spoken of it . . we are to take notice , who is the builder of such a structure as this , all made up of pretious stones : and you shall finde in the word , that the builder and maker of it is god . i will doe it , saith the lord , behold , i will lay thy stones with faire colours , and i will lay thy foundations with saphirs , and i will make thy windowes of aggates ; it is all gods worke from the beginning to the end . for who can build unto god a living temple to dwell in but himselfe ? this the prophet speaks plainly , where he saith , the man whose name is the branch , he shall build the temple of the lord , even he shall build it . it lies in the power of no man , to make such a building as this is ; what wild and wofull work do men make , when they will undertake to be building the chu●ch , by their owne humane wisedome and prudence and counsell ? when they think , we will have the church of god thus and thus ; and we will make it up of such and such men ; and we w●ll govern it , by such and such lawes : and we will get the power of the magistrate to back ours ; & then what we cannot do by the power of the word & spirit , we will do by the power of fl●sh and blood : poore men ! that think that these new heavens where in the lord will dwell , must be the work of their own fingers ; or that the new ierusalem must of necessity come out of the assembly , which is to come down from god out of heaven : or that they can build the house of god all of pretious stones , whereas this must be gods own work and his own doing ; and no state or councel in the world can bring this about ; and after much tryall and paines and wearinesse the lord will at last teach his own , that the gathering and laying these pretious stones together , must be the lords owne doing , even his own doing . when the building of the church is left to men , how wofully is it mannaged ? why saith one , we must needs admit such an one , he is the chiefe man in the parish , or he is a man of good esteem in the world , or he is a nobleman , or he is my neere kinsman , or is thus and thus related to mee , or he is a good civill faire dealing man , and we must needs admit him ; and thus will flesh and blood bee ever making a carnall temple for god to dwell in , but gods true habitation , can never be framed but by the spirit . and therefore , for the building of the church , let us look higher then the highest instruments ; for it must be the lords own work by the word and spirit : and though every man be against it , and oppose it , yet the lord will doe it ; when there are no hands to build it up , he will build it up without hands . i will lay thy stones with , &c. it followes vers . . and thy children , shall be taught of the lord , and great shall be the peace of thy children . see here how the prophet by the spirit carries up the saints above all visible and sensible things , even as high as god himselfe ; god ( saith he to the church ) shall build thee and god shall teach thee ; all thy children shall be taught of the lord . the note is this , that all the true and genuine children of the church have gods own teaching , in all the things of god ; they have the father and the sonne , to teach them by the spirit . this truth christ himselfe confirmes , where he saith , it is written that they shall be all taught of god , he therefore that heard and learned of my father commeth to me . and againe , the spirit when he is come he shall lead you into all truth ; which doctrine john after preached thus , ioh. . . the anointing which ye have received of him abideth in you , and ye need not that any man should teach you , but as the same anointing teacheth you all things . hereby now we perceive , how few true children of the church there be , among those who are commonly called christians ; for among all these , how few are there who have the teaching of god ? but most have their teaching only from men , and no higher . consider therefore i pray , whether the knowledge you have be from the teaching of god , or the teaching of man ; you all pretend to know that christ is the son of the living god , and that redemption and salvation is by him alone ; but how came ye by this knowledge ? did you read it in the letter ? or did some body tell you so ? or hath god himselfe taught you this ? for no man knowes the sonne but the father and he to whom the father will reveale him ; and therefore when peter said , thou art christ the son of the living god , christ answered , flesh and blood hath not taught thee this , but my father which is in heaven . and so though all of you professe your selves christians , yet none of you know christ truly , but only such as are taught of the father . and this holds in all other points , as touching calling , and faith , and union , and justification and sanctification , and the gift and sealing of the spirit , touching the spirituall kingdome of christ and the government of it ; oh consider , whether you have the teaching of god in these things or no ; and if you have not the teaching of god , you are none of the children of the church ; what ever truth thou knowest from the letter , if thou hast not the teaching of the spirit , it will doe thee no good : thou knowest not any thing spiritually and savingly , wherein thou hast not the teaching of god . all thy children shall bee taught of the lord . and therefore what a sad thing is it , when men look for their teaching no farther then men ? they only look to the minister , or to such an able , learned , orthodox man , as they phrase it ; or at the highest to the assembly ; and what they shall teach them , they are resolved to stand by it , and build upon it , for their foundation ; in the meane time never regarding in truth , the teaching of god : but say , what can so many grave , learned , godly men , erre ? and shall not wee believe what they determine ? why now these are none of the children of the spirituall church ; for they neither have gods teaching , nor care for it : but the spirituall church is all taught of god . object . but you will say , doth god teach without meanes ? answ. i answer no : god teacheth , but it is by the word , and that chiefly in the ministry of it : and he that pretends to bee taught of god without the word , is not taught of god , but of the devill . and therefore no man is to despise the ministry of the word , which is gods own ordinance , and to depend upon i know not what revelations and inspeakings without the word ; seeing god teacheth all his children by the word and none without it . and therefore it is not the prophets meaning , when he saith all thy children shall be taught of the lord , that they should neglect and despise the word , and the ministry of it ; but that we ought so use the word and the meanes , as not to look for our teaching from them , but from god himselfe in and through them ; and when you come to heare , not to think , i will heare what mr such an one , or mr such one will say , but with the psalmist , i will hear what the lord god will say . and truly , i would not care to hear what any man in the world would say , in whom christ himselfe did not speake . now much more might be said of this teaching of god ( but that i intend brevity in all ) as namely , that this teaching . is a clear and evident teaching , that you shall have certainty in what you are taught : and shall be so taught of god no man or angel shall be able to unteach you againe . . it is an inward teaching though by the outward word ; reaching to the inward soule and spirit , to the hidden man of the heart . . it is a successefull teaching ; he so teaches as men learn ; he that hath heard and learned of my father ; hearing and learning goe together : hee teaches faith , and wee believe ; humility , and wee are humble ; patience , and wee endure , &c. but i cannot enlarge any farther in this point . it followes and great shall be the peace of thy children . that is , when men are taught of god , then there is nothing but peace among them ; when god comes and teacheth thee and me and another , and many , then we all agree , because we are all taught of god ▪ and see all things by the same light , and apprehend all things by the same knowledge , and perceive all things by the same spirit , because all have the same teaching . and so they that are taught of god , though one come out of the east and another out of the west , and another out of the south , and never had any former communion together , yet they all agree in the same truth , and think and speak the same things , and so there is love and amity and peace and unity among them , because they are all taught of god , and have learned the truth , not as it is in this or that man , or assembly of men , but as it is in iesus . and truly , this is the true ground of all the differences and dissentions , and heats that are in the kingdome , at this time , to wit , because some are taught of god , and some are not taught of god , but of men only : the carnall church is only taught of men and goes no higher ; but the spirituall church is truly taught of god . now they that are taught of god , and they that are taught of men , see the same truths , with a great deale of difference , and hereupon arises the controversie and quarrell ; for one will have the truth , as hee sees it in the light of god ; another will have it , as hee apprehends it in his own fancy : and the carnall man , will not yeeld to the spirituall , and the spirituall man cannot yeeld to the carnall . saith one , this is the minde of god , and i have learned it from his own teaching ; saith another , this is not the minde of god , for such a learned minister , or ministers , taught me otherwise , and so i apprehend it ; and thus as the flesh and spirit are contrary , so are their teachings ; and hence our divisions and troubles . but when men are all taught of god , then they are all at peace one with another , and all doe agree in the substance of the truth of the gospel ; and if some doe not know the same things they doe , they can waite with patience , till god also reveale that unto them ; for they know with all their hearts , that they themselves could never have known those things , except god had taught them : and so they cannot be angry at others , whom the lord as yet hath not vouchsafed to teach : and so they are meeke , and gentle towards all as beseemes the spirit , as well as at peace among themselves . all thy children shall be taught of the lord , and great shall bee the peace of thy children : for they know that no man is higher or lower then another in the kingdome of god , but all are equall in iesus christ ; they know that no man can challenge christ more to himselfe then another , but all have equall interest in him , and christ is alike neer to all in whom he dwells , yea they all as willingly communicate their owne things to the brethren , as they themselves doe partake of christs things ; and so there is nothing but peace . when men know that no man is any thing in h●mselfe , but every one is all that he is in christ : and when men love christ meerly for himself , and where they see most of christ , there love most , and if christ be more in another then himself , can love such a one more then himselfe , not for his owne sake but for christs sake ; then there is nething but peace . great shall be the peace of thy children . verse . in righteousnesse shalt thou be established , &c. this spirituall church had need of establishment ; for when god hath done all this for it , when he hath built it , and taught●t himselfe , it shall not want trouble and opposition and contradiction and persecution in the world , and therfore it stands in great need of establishment . but how shall this be done ? why saith he , in righteousnesse shalt thou be established , that is , not by any outward power or force , or armies , or fortifications , or factions or confederacies , all these are but a staffe of reed ; but in righteousnesse , and that is both in the righteousnesse of christ received by us , and working in us : the first is , the righteousnesse of justification : the second is , the righteousnesse of sanctification , and our establishment lies in both . . in the righteousnesse of iustification , which is called the righteousnesse of faith , or christs owne righteousnesse received into us ; and in this sense it is said , except ye beleeve ye shall never be established : for by faith we partake of the righteousnesse of god through christ , and this is an infinite and everlasting righteousnesse , that hath neither spot nor blemish in it , this is able to establish us for ever and ever ; so that the church hath no more establishment , then it hath of the righteousnesse of christ by faith ; and as the church goes from faith to faith , so it goes from establishment to establishment . . our establishment lies , in the righteousnesse of our sanctification ; which is nothing but christ working in us , as the former was christ dwelling in us ; for the same christ that is the righteousnesse of our justification , is the righteousnesse of our sanctification . now the establishment of the church is , when we let the righteousnesse of christ worke all in us , and we worke all in the righteousnesse of christ ; then are we established mightily and invincibly indeed , and how much christians swerve from this rule , so much they become weake and unsetled : sometimes christians will bee living out of christ in themselves , and they will be moving and acting and working according to humane wisedome and prudence and the counsels and devises of flesh and blood , but in all this they have no establishment at all . and therefore ye that are faithfull , see to it , that ye turne aside neither to the right hand nor to the left , through any worldly hopes or fears , but do ye live and act in the righteousness of christ , and as the lord lives , though you have kingdomes and nations for your enemies , you shall not be moved , but shall bee established more firmely then the earth . and therefore i pray consider your establishment where it lies , and that is in righteousnesse , and in righteousnesse only . some trust to this strength , and some to that some to this aid , and some to that ; but the spirituall church scorns to trust to any creature for establishment , but looks to be establisht only in righteousnesse ; and because of this , neither men nor devils shall prevaile against it . and therefore you that are of this temple and building which is made by god , seeing you have so many enemies on all hands , pray look to your establishment , which is in righteousnesse : in righteousnesse shalt thou be established . thou shalt be far from oppression for thou shalt not fear , and from terror , for it shall not come neer thee . the feare and terror he speakes of here , is inward feare and terror , from which the church shall be free , in the midst of all outward evills ; for though the church be full of danger and persecution without , yet it is free from feare and terror within ; nay the church hath trouble without , but peace within ; affliction without , joy within ; weaknesse without , strength within ; imprisonment without , liberty w●thin ; persecution without , content within : against all the sorrowes and suffering of the flesh , they have refreshings , comforts , hopes , sweetnesses , rejoycings , triumphs in the spirit , and so in the midst of evill , are free from evill , and in the midst of sufferings are free from paine , yea they rejoyce in tribulations , and in the midst of evil , are fild and satisfied with good . verse . behold they shall surely gather together , but not by me : whosoever shall gather together against thee shall fall for thy sake . a very strange thing it is , that the spirituall church , being thus builded , and taught , and establisht , any should yet be so blinde and mad as to ingage against it ; and yet the world , and the carnall church especially doth this : yea the more pure and s●irituall the church is , the more enmity the world and formalists have against it . behold they shall surely gather together , when they shall see the churches gathering together into the true communion of saints , then will they gather themselves together against the churches ; and why doe these men blame the churches for gathering together unto christ , when they themselves gather together against the church , as we daily see ? indeed the gathering together of the saints , the world doth most hate of all other things : oh , this is a dreadfull and terrible thing to them , it makes their hearts ake within them , and looseth the joynts of their loines ; they think their exaltation , will be their owne abasement , and their gathering together , their owne scattering , and their glory their owne shame , and their strength , their owne undoing ; and cut of these conceits the world acts so strongly and furiously to scatter abroad again christs owne gatherings together . but the lord hath decreed and promised to hew that little stone of christs spirituall church , out of the mountaine of the world , without hands , and will certainly accomplish it , and is now about this very businesse ; but the world that never looks beyond sense , they think this is surely a plot of ours , and that we have a great designe in hand , and so we have indeed ; but the designe is not our designe , but gods , contrived in eternity , and discovered to daniel chap. . and this is the setting up a kingdome of saints in the world , under christ the king of saints , wherein the people shall live alone in point of spirituall worship and communion , and shall have nothing to doe with the rest of the nations . this councell of god begins to be accomplished , and the world thinkes that we are subtile , and wee are mighty , wheras they are cleerly mistaken in us ; for the wisedome and strength wherby this is done is gods and not ours . for it is the lord must build this spirituall church , and set it up in the world , and preserve it against the world , and cause it to increase till it fills the world ; so that the designe and the accomplishment of it , belongs to god and not to us , and they that are displeased at it , let them go and quarrel against god : and so they will certainly do , through the operation of the devill ; behold , saith he , they shall surely gather together : as soon as ever the church separates from the world , the world gathers together against the church . yea this place is not only to be understood of those that are open enimies without the church , but of a generation in it , that are not of it , and so the gathering together against the church , shall be in the church : and so calvin interprets , and such a thing will assuredly come to passe , that the church as well as the kingdome will have domestick enemies ; it hath been so in all ages , and what wonder will it be , if it be so in this ? the first division in this kingdome , was between common profession , and open prophannes●e , and if ever there be another , it is like to lye between the form and the power of godlinesse ; and the children that are borne after the flesh , will up and be persecuting them that are borne after the spirit , and the deepest wounds we shall receive will be in the house of our friends ; not our friends indeed , but of such who seem to be so ; for they pray as well as we , and preach and heare , and receive the sacraments , and use the same ordinances with us ; and yet their enmity , of all other will be the greatest against us , and we shall receive deeper wounds in the house of these friends , then in the streets of our enemies . they shall gather together in thee , against thee . but not by mee . the saints gather together by god , having the spirit of god to bring them into union and communion : but the carnall church gathers together against the spirituall , not by god , but without him , for worldly base ends and interests , and profits , and advantages . but mark the end of such gathering together : whosoever shall gather together against thee shall fall for thy sake . wee have seen the accomplishment of this promise with our eyes ; even a great party of the greatest men in the kingdome , as well as of meane ones , gathered together against the church , but all fallen : what is become of the great power , and armies , that were in the west and the north , and other parts of the kingdom , are they not fallen through the strength of this promise ? and if any new party shall rise up againe , they shall also fall in like manner , for thy sake . for the lord loves the church the body of christ , even as he loves iesus christ himselfe ; thou hast loved them as thou hast loved me ; he loves head and members with the same love : the lords people are his portion on earth , as he is theirs in heaven , and so he will give nations and kingdomes for them , and hath said , the nation and kingdome that will not serve thee shall perish ▪ yea those nations that be utterly wasted ; on that this kingdome in it selfe , and in its representation , would avoid this evill as they would escape this end . the . monarchies for opposing the spirituall church , have fallen for its sake ; and so shall every other kingdome and common wealth , that undertakes against it . verse . behold i have created the smith that blowes the coales in the fire , and that bringeth forth an instrument for his work , and i have created the waster to destroy . verse . but no weapon that is formed against thee shall prosper , &c. thou art saith god to the church , a small , weak , despised , contemned , persecuted people ; but thy safety , protection , blessing , lyes in me , and in my power , and wisedome , and lovs ; behold i have created the smith , &c. that is , i have formed him that makes the sword and gun and pike , and that prepares the ammunition ; and both he that makes the weapon and he that useth it , are in my hands , and they shall only do what i would have them do , and no more : and so no weapon that is formed against thee shall prosper : god blunts the edge of the weapon , and weakens the hand , and puts fear into the heart of him that useth it ; and so no weapons that have been used have prospered hitherto , and if any more weapons shall be used hereafter , they shall be as unprosperous as these . and every tongue that shall rise against thee in judgement , thou shalt condemn . two wayes you see the enemies of the church assault the church , by their hands , and by their tongues ; and this latter way is the more dangerous of the two : by the former they scourge the church with rods , by this latter with scorpions . this weapon of the tongue is the most dangerous weapon that ever was used against the church in any age , and the last refuge of the devill and his instruments to annoy the church . and thus when the enemy failes at the strength of his weapons , he undertakes againe with the malice of his tongue : and with this , the enemy strikes against the saints that professe the truth , and against the truth it selfe professed by the saints . against the saints that professe the truth , clothing them with odious names , and loading them with base aspertions , independents and sectaries and schismaticks and hereticks ; & some such there are indeed in the kingdome , but they abuse the precious saints of god , with these and other reproaches , and so crucifie christ againe in his body , not between two theeves , but between two hundred theeves , that so it may be the greater difficulty to discerne him : their tongues rise up in judgement against them ; it intimates , they shall have specious pretences against the church , oh these are the men that would turn the world upside downe , that make the nation full of tumults and uproares , that work all the disturbance in church and state ; it is fit , such men and congregations should be suppressed , and that they should have no imployment in church or state ; it will never be a quiet world till some course be taken with them , that we may have truth and peace and government againe . and thus they have faire pretences against the godly , and use the glorious names of truth , peace and government , to the destruction of them all . and this is the sense of these words , for their tongues to rise up in judgement against them . yea , me thinks this phrase intimates thus much , as if they would call in the aide and power of the secular magistrates against the spirituall christians ; and then their tongues rise up in judgement against them indeed , and except they engage the magistrates power against the saints , they think they can never doe them mischiefe enough . and thus their tongues rise up in judgement against the saints that professe the truth . . as the enemy strikes with their tongue , against the saints that professe the truth , so also against the truth professed by the saints : and this they call by way of reproach new light , as their predecessors , at the beginning of the breaking forth of the gospel in this kingdome , called it , new learning : yea , they call the truth , error ; and the very minde of christ in the word , heresie ; and the power of godlinesse , independency ; and the contending for the faith once given to the saints , faction , and sedition , and the like ; and this grieves the saints a thousand times more then any personall reproaches , to heare the truth and light and life and spirit of the gospel , despised and spoken against , and blasphemed ; this is that , that fetches not only teares from their eyes , but even drops of blood from their hearts : the truth of god being much dearer to them then their estates , or names , or lives . but see how god conquers this weapon of the enemies tongue to the faithfull , aswell as the former weapons of their hands ; every tongue that riseth up in judgement against thee thou shalt condemne . all that speake , and rage and raile , and reproach and slander and vilifie and abuse the saints , either by their tongues or pens , thou by thy uprightnesse , integrity , innocency , truth , faithfulnesse , shalt condemn them : thy wayes and thy works that are led and acted in christ and his spirit , shall be the condemnation of all thine enemies ; and their misreports and slanders shall be done away as a mist before the sun ; and thy righteousnesse and integritie shall break forth in that clearnesse and brightnesse and strength , that they shall sit down astonished and amazed ; and they shall be condemned , not only by the word , and by the saints , but by all the common morality of the world , yea , and by their own conscience ; so that they shall carry their guilt with them night and day , and shall not be able to look the godly in the face , whom they have so reproached ; the very presence of the saints shall be the condemnation of their enemies , who have before so unworthily judged them : yea the whole world shall see the faithfulnesse and integrity of the saints of god , and shall justifie them and condemne their enemies ; and shall say , lo , these are the men , that the world judged for sectaries , and schismaticks , and what not ; see how faithfull they have beene to god and the true church of god , and to the state , and surely th●y must needs be bad men , that are enemies to these . and thus while our enemies judge us , they shall be condemned themselves . and this shall certainly be done , as sure as the word of god is true , and as sure as the lord lives , to make good his word : for this is the heritage of the servants of the lord . that is , you shall have this by as sure right as any man hath an inheritance that is entailed upon him . this is your heritage o ye servants of the lord , to make voyd the force of every weapon that is used against you , and to condemne every tongue that judgeth you . this promise is our portion , & the lot of our inheritance , and in this we rejoyce , that while we serve the lord truly and faithfully , neither the hands nor tongues of the enemy shall hurt us , but in the end we shall be more then conquerours over all . let my portion fall in this pleasant place , and i shall have a goodly heritage . and their righteousnesse is of me saith the lord . that is , these servants of mine are not men of a humane and morall righteousnes only , but they pertake of the righteousnes of god in christ , their righteousnesse is of me ; or thus , though they are sinners before the world ( for as the world reckons their own sinne for righteousnesse , so it reckons gods righteousnesse for sin ) yet they are righteous before me and in my eyes . so that how ever the world reckons us evill doers , and not worthy to live in the world , yet god reckons us righteous , and our righteousnesse is before him . to conclude , seeing god hath engaged himselfe to secure us in his wayes both from the weapons and tongues of men , goe and tell the foxes that we will walk without feare in the world both to day and to morrow , and the third day we shall be perfected . finis . notes, typically marginal, from the original text notes for div a e- jer. . john . . deut. . . notes for div a e- pet. . . revel. . . vse . vers . . by his excellency the lord generall. whereas daily complaints are made, that some disorderly souldiers under my command, contrary to the lawes of the nation, and discipline of the army, have, and still doe, commit very great outrages ... fairfax, thomas fairfax, baron, - . this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing f thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) by his excellency the lord generall. whereas daily complaints are made, that some disorderly souldiers under my command, contrary to the lawes of the nation, and discipline of the army, have, and still doe, commit very great outrages ... fairfax, thomas fairfax, baron, - . sheet ([ ] p.) printed for laurence chapman, london : . title from caption and first lines of text. signed and dated at end: given under my hand and seale at white-hall the fifth day od september . fairfax. imprint from wing. reproduction of the original in the british library. eng soldiers -- great britain -- conduct of life -- early works to . great britain -- militia -- early works to . great britain -- history -- commonwealth and protectorate, - -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no by his excellency the lord generall. whereas daily complaints are made, that some disorderly souldiers under my command, contrary to the law fairfax, thomas fairfax, baron a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread - emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion by his excellency the lord generall . whereas daily complaints are made , that some disorderly souldiers under my command , contrary to the lawes of the nation , and discipline of the army , have , and still doe , commit very great outrages and ryots , with their arms entring into parks , chases , and warrens , and thence stealing all sorts of deere and conneys , menacing the death of the keepers and all others who any waies oppose them : for future remedy whereof , these are to desire all field-officers and captains that forthwith they cause to be taken from every their souldiers all such hounds , gray-hounds , and other dogges which may any waies be hurtfull to deere or conneys , as their souldiers now have , or hereafter shall have in their custody , or in the custody of any others for their use ; and so dispose of them , that hereafter they come not to the use of any souldier . and after proclamation hereof duely made , all souldiers are hereby streightly charged and required , that they neither keepe , or to their use cause to be kept , any such dogge as aforefaid ; and that upon no manner of pretence whatsoever , they go into any chase , parke , or warren , ( except a common way lie through the same , having a furlough or passe under their officers hand , and are upon their necessary businesse , marching upon that way without gun or hurtfull dog as aforesaid , ( and except they shall be upon their march according to orders : ) and if any souldier shall be found offending contrary hereunto , the keepers and warrenors of such deare and conneys are desired to use their endeavours , ( and if need require ) with assistance of others , to apprehend such souldiers , and them in custody deliver to the next officer of the army , by him safely to be caused to be kept , untill they shall be tried before a court martiall ; and all officers and souldiers are hereby required , upon notice given , to be ayding and assisting unto such keepers and warrenors in the apprehending such souldiers . and i desire every the court martials throughout the army and garrisons to be very carefull in exemplary punishing such souldiers as shall be found offenders contrary hereunto . given under my hand and seale at white-hall the fifth day of september . fairfax . to be proclaimed at the head of every regiment , and in every garrison , by sound of trumpet , or beat of drum. london , printed for laurence chapman . . at edinburgh the . day of september. . act of the committee of estates, and the lord generall, the safe-guard of the lieges. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing s thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) at edinburgh the . day of september. . act of the committee of estates, and the lord generall, the safe-guard of the lieges. scotland. parliament. committee of estates. sheet ([ ] p.) printed by evan tyler, printer to the kings most excellent majestie, edinburgh : anno dom. . reproduction of the original in the british library. eng soldiers -- billeting -- early works to . scotland -- politics and government -- - -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no at edinburgh the . day of september. . act of the committee of estates, and the lord generall, the safe-guard of the lieges. scotland. parliament a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - mona logarbo sampled and proofread - mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion at edinburgh the . day of september . . act of the committee of estates , and the lord generall , for safe-guard of the lieges . forsameikle as there hes been divers complaints and grievances made to the committee of estates , by the lieges , from severall parts of the kingdom ; of the many insolencies and wrongs done upon them by foot companies and horse-troopes , their officers and souldiers , under pretext of taking quarters as they goe or come thorow the kingdom . for remeid whereof , and preserving the lieges in time-coming from the like ; the committee of estates , and the lord generall , hes statute and ordained , and by thir presents statutes and ordains ; that no officers nor souldiers , either in foot companies or horse-troopes , presume nor take upon hand at any time hereafter , in their passing thorow this kingdom , to commit or do any insolencies or wrongs to the lieges , but that they addresse themselves for quarters to those to whom by their warrants they are directed ; and that they leave their tickets of all that they receive in name of quartering : vvith certification to all such officers or souldiers as shall do in the contrary , that they shall be punished by death , or otherwayes , according to martiall law and discipline . and ordains thir presents to be published at the market-crosse of edinburgh , and others places needfull , and affixed on all landwart villages and towns , where-through none pretend ignorance of the same . ordered by the committee of estates , that this act be forthwith printed and published . edinburgh : printed by evan tyler , printer to the kings most excellent majestie . anno dom. . die jovis, . decembr. . an order of the lords and commons assembled in parliament concerning all officers and soldiers that have served the parliament under the command and pay of particular committees. england and wales. parliament. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing e thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) die jovis, . decembr. . an order of the lords and commons assembled in parliament concerning all officers and soldiers that have served the parliament under the command and pay of particular committees. england and wales. parliament. sheet ([ ] p.) printed for edw. husband, printer to the honble house of commons, london : febr. . [ ] order to print dated: . febr. [i.e. ]. signed: h:elsynge, cler. parl. d. com. with engraved border. first line of text ends: assem-. reproductions of the originals in the harvard university library (early english books), and the british library (thomason tracts). eng soldiers -- great britain -- salaries, etc. -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- early works to . great britain -- politics and government -- - -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no die jovis, . decembr. . an order of the lords and commons assembled in parliament, concerning all officers and soldiers that have serv england and wales. parliament. a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread - emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion die jovis , . decembr . . an order of the lords and commons assembled in parliament , concerning all officers and soldiers that have served the parliament under the command and pay of particular committees . ordered by the lords and commons assembled in parliament , that the demands and pretences of all officers and soldiers that have served the parliament in any counties and garisons where they have been under the command and pay of particular committees , their accompts be made up with those committees for their actual service according to musters ; which committees are to deduct upon their several accompts , all free-quarters , horse , arms , money and goods with which such officers and soldiers can be charged ; which accompts so stated , the said respective committees of such several counties shall cause to be paid out of such moneys as they have or shall raise by power and authority of ordinances of parliament enabling them thereunto : and that all such officers and soldiers are hereby commanded to forbear their coming up to the city of london under pretences of stating their accompts here , but are to repair to the committees of the respective counties . die iovis , . febr. . ordered by the commons assembled in parliament , that this order be forthwith printed and published ; and that the members of this house that serve for the several counties , cities and boroughs , do send them into the several places for which they serve . h : elsynge , cler. parl. d. com. london , printed for edw. husband , printer to the honble house of commons . febr. . serious and seasonable advice to the english soldiers of his majesty's army ray, john, - . approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : - (eebo-tcp phase ). a wing r estc r ocm this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, - ; : ) serious and seasonable advice to the english soldiers of his majesty's army ray, john, - . p. printed for b. aylmer and will rogers, london : . half title: serious advice to the army. attributed to john ray--nuc pre- imprints. reproduction of original in the bodleian library. created by converting tcp files to tei p using tcp tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between and available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the , texts created during phase of the project have been released into the public domain as of january . anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. % (or pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf- unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p , characters represented either as utf- unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng england and wales. -- army. soldiers -- great britain -- conduct of life. soldiers -- great britain -- religious life. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - john latta sampled and proofread - john latta text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion serious advice to the army . lambeth-house : march th . / ; . this serious and seasonable advice to the english soldiers of his majesties army , sent to me by a reverend divine in the countrey , i do not only allow to be printed , but do also earnestly recommend it to those for whose sake it was composed , as that which i hope may , by the blessing of god , be of great use to them . jo. cant . serious and seasonable advice to the english soldiers of his majesty's army . london : printed for b. aylmer at the three pigeons in cornhill , and will. rogers at the sun over-against st. dunstan's church in fleetstreet . m dc xc iii. serious and seasonable advice to the english soldiers , &c. gentlemen , a military employment , when it is undertaken with a good intention , begun and carried on for honest ends and purposes , hath been generally thought not only lawful and barely innocent , but highly useful and commendable likewise . and since the common safety of europe , as well as the necessary defence and preservation of that church and nation to which you belong , is the cause for which you are now engaged ; you will not so much want a casuist to state the lawfulness of your profession , as you seem to stand in need of some christian monitor to put you in mind how you ought to behave your selves in it . the calling of a soldier is doubtless very well consistent with that of a christian ; and altho the armour which the gospel recommends , is of a spiritual nature , and such as we are all required to put on and employ in our defence against our spiritual enemies ; yet we no where find , that either our blessed saviour , or any of his apostles , did ever condemn the use of secular arms and carnal weapons as absolutely unlawful . nor indeed can it be reasonably imagined , but that christians as well as other men may be innocently allowed to provide the best they can both for their personal and for the publick safety . the truth is , that which hath brought so ill an opinion upon a military profession , is the looseness of manners , and unchristian conversation of too many of those who are employ'd in it : and 't is the scandalous example of some amongst you , which hath brought so ill a report upon the character of a soldier in the general . for the undiscerning part of mankind ( which is generally the greatest part of it ) is too apt to judge of a profession , according to the lives and conversations of its professors . and because they observe so much impiety and injustice , so much prophaneness and irreligion in the behaviour of some soldiers , they are from thence unhappily prejudiced with an ill opinion of all. now the best and only way to vindicate the credit and reputation of a military life , from all prejudices of this kind , is to remove that unhappy occasion from whence they proceed ; and if instead of distinguishing your selves from the rest of mankind by your vices , you would be more careful to behave your selves as becometh christians ; if instead of blaspheming god with so many horrid oaths and curses , you would learn to reverence and adore him , and ascribe him the honour due unto his name ; if instead of that riot and intemperance , that injustice and uncharitableness which so much abounds amongst you , you would be more mindful of those pressing obligations which your religion teacheth you , of denying ungodliness and worldly lusts , and of living soberly , righteously , and godly in this present world ; your profession would then be entertained with much more respect in the world : the character of a soldier would then appear in its true lustre , and be as highly honoured amongst men , as it is indeed most deservedly honourable in it self . the character which st. luke gives of cornelius , ( acts . ) is a pattern very worthy your imitation upon this account ; and this out of a sincere intention for the good of your souls , for the honour of your profession , and for the happy success of your arms , i heartily recommend to be transcribed by you . he was a roman soldier ; and altho by birth and education a heathen idolater , yet being happily posted amongst the jews at caesarea , he there attained to the knowledge of the true god , and afterwards became a most eminent convert to the christian faith : from whence 't is easie to imagine how profitably he employed his vacant hours , and what great advantage he made of the place and the persons amongst whom he convers'd : for although we have no particular account given us of his behaviour , till the time of his conversion ; yet 't is highly probable , that he never spent his time idly and unprofitably , or ( what is much worse ) , prophanely and irreligiously ; but that he was always meditating upon , and considering his latter end ; and carefully projecting with himself , how he might secure an interest in the favour and protection of that god , in whom are the issues of life and death , and before whose dreadful tribunal he was to give a solemn and severe account . he wisely consider'd how hazardous and uncertain the life of a soldier is , above all other men ; and this consideration naturally led his thoughts to a nearer prospect of a future state. he well knew , that it was appointed for all men once to dye ; and that to dare to dye with a more than ordinary courage and resolution , was what became the bravery of a good soldier ; but because after this life ended , there was a judgment to come , when every one that hath done good , shall go into life everlasting , and every one that hath done evil , into everlasting fire ; he thought the consideration hereof a matter of the highest importance to him imaginable ; and was easily convinc'd how much he was obliged not only in point of duty , but in point of wisdom and interest likewise , to make the best provision he could for a happy portion in this his immortal and eternal state. how discreetly he behaved himself , and what prudent care he took of his life and conversation in order hereunto , is evident from the account which the evangelist gives of him , who says , that he was a devout man , one that feared god , and prayed unto him continually . he did not , it seems , suppose , that his military employment for the service of his prince , could give him any the least dispensation from his duty to his god. he did not think , that to curse , and swear , and blaspheme , and bluster out his prophane and daring impieties against the supreme judge of heaven and earth , was one necessary qualification of his profession : no ; 't is plain that he believed the character of a religious and devout man , was very well reconcilable with that of a good soldier : and he hath left these as maxims of eternal truth , to be transcribed from his example , that the best courage doth always proceed from the best conscience : and that no man is so well qualified to appear fearless and undaunted before the face of an enemy , as he who walketh in the fear of the lord , and reposeth his strength and confidence in the god of his salvation . fear indeed at first hearing , may seem a very odd ingredient in the character of a good soldier ; but such a fear as this of cornelius's was , is so far from carrying in it any the least imputation of cowardice , or meanness of spirit , that it is very well consistent with the principles of true courage ; nay , and the most powerful incitement that can be , to all gallant and valourous actions . for to live in the fear of god , to fear him so as to tremble at the thoughts of offending him , and to pay a reverential regard to the majesty of his power , and the authority of his laws , is the sure and certain means of engaging him on your side : and when you are once happily secure of that , you need not fear what man can do unto you : nor need you be then afraid though never so many thousands of your enemies set themselves against you round about . gentlemen , your known bravery and resolution in the day of battel hath eminently appear'd in the late actions in which you have been engaged . and your very enemies have confess'd to your glory , that they felt to their own shame , that you have been far enough from fearing those who can kill the body only . but god forbid , that you should esteem as any part of your glory , not to fear him , who can destroy both body and soul in hell . no , such a religious fear as this is one of the principal accomplishments of the true christian hero. and if you will believe the experience of one of the greatest generals france ever bred , he will inform you , that no man can be truly brave without it . the next thing proposed to your imitation from the example of cornelius , is the constancy of his piety and devotion . for 't is said of him , that he was a devout man , and one that prayed to god continually . and to convince you of the reasonableness and wisdom of this practise , i need only suggest to you those particular and extraordinary obligations , which men of your profession seem to lie under , of imploring the assistance of the divine protection : for you are much more conversant in dangers and necessities , and oftner exposed to hardships , and distresses , than any other sort of men : and so perilous are the circumstances , so great and manifold are the difficulties wherewith you are sometimes encompassed , that in many cases you seem to stand in need of a miracle on purpose for your preservation ; and have no other means left for you to escape , but the immediate interposition of that god , whose will no human policy can controul , and whose almighty power no creature is able to resist . now what can be thought more reasonable , than for men in such hazardous circumstances and apparent dangers as these , to be continually addressing their supplications to him , who is both willing and able to save them to the uttermost ? and so to engage the favour of his divine aid and assistance by prayer and devotion , that he may be always ready to save and defend them , and be their present help in the needful time of trouble ? this was lookt upon as a very necessary preparation against the dangerous accidents and events of war amongst the jews ; and this the christian emperor constantine the great thought so requisite in order to the happy success of his arms and armies ; that , besides his own private devotions in his tent , he taught every particular soldier in his army an excellent form of prayer , and required them to say it for themselves : which pious precedent the religious theodosius is said to have followed with so good success , that his historian saith , he obtained a great victory over his enemies by the prevailing efficacy of his devotion , rather than by the strength of his army , or the power of his sword. 't is not indeed expected that so much time can be spent in devotion in a camp , as in a cell , or a cloyster ; nor will there be so much exacted in this case of a soldier , as of a monk. but yet it must be still remembred , that god almighty requires the worship and service of both according to their respective talents and abilities . and although those external avocations which do necessarily attend the business of your profession , will not perhaps allow you to be so often upon your knees , as those who have more leisure , and more convenient retreats for the exercise of their devotion ; it will nevertheless behove you to be as fervent and frequent in prayer as you can ; and as often as your circumstances will permit . whilst you are in your respective quarters , you will have greater advantages of this kind than most other men . and if you do not gladly comply with those happy opportunities which are then afforded you , of praying daily to god , both privately , and in the publick congregations where you are , it cannot be then said in your excuse of this neglect , that you were otherwise engaged , and that you were not at liberty to do it : no , the world will be then apt to conclude , that it is because you do not think the duties of religion any part of your business : and that with those wicked and profane wretches in the psalmist , you care not for god , neither is god in all your thoughts . but i hope , gentlemen , this severe reproach will not lye upon the character of many of you : and i cannot but observe it to the great honour and reputation of some amongst you , and those not a few , that you have constantly frequented our solemn assemblies , where you came , and expressed therein a very decent and orderly devotion . now although such happy opportunities as these cannot be so well and so often enjoyed , whilst you are in the field , and actually engaged in military service ; yet even then your minds and meditations may be devoutly disposed : and the greatest hurry and confusion of a camp can never hinder , but that you may be still calling upon god in short ejaculations , and pious motions of the soul. a lord have mercy upon me ; a god help me ; or a lord save and defend me ; may be easily intermixt with any of your most busy engagements : and yet some such short ejaculatory forms of devotion as these , when they are address'd unto god servently and affectionately , may in some cases be as useful as they are easy and natural . 't is certain , they will spend no more breath , nor require any more words to express them , than a profane oath or a curse : and how much more it becometh a christian soldier to habituate himself to the one rather than to the other , i leave to the serious consideration of every one of you , who hath a soul , and believes it to be immortal ; and whoever believes so , must needs conclude , that a sword or a bullet in a man's heart , and a god dammee in his mouth at the same time , is the most deplorable and desperate state of a dying man that can be imagin'd : for he who defies god with his last breath , as he leaves himself no space for repentance , so neither does he leave to others , how charitable soever they may be , the least room to hope for any mercy from god for him . this , gentlemen , is a consideration of the greatest moment to you in the world : and a little of your own reflection upon it will , without the assistance of any other arguments , easily convince you , how highly it imports you to be wise to consider your latter end ; and in order hereunto , to follow the example of that religious and devout soldier cornelius , which is here proposed to your imitation . and if you could but be once happily persuaded to this , what glorious atchievements might not be then expected from you ? how might one then chase a thousand , and two put ten thousand to flight ? and how would all the boasted force and policy of your enemies be confounded and brought to nought , were you but as mindful of your duty to god , as you are couragiously stout and resolute in the service of your king and country ? or were you but as careful of the interest of your souls , as you are well known to be bravely prodigal of your lives , and wholly unconcern'd at the approach of any bodily danger ? this would infallibly engage the lord of hosts himself to be on your side , even the lord strong and mighty in battle . and that being once happily secured , you may be then always confident of the success of your arms ; and need not fear , but that your enemies , and those that imagine mischief against you , should be turn'd backward , and flee before you . whereas on the contrary , let your cause be never so just , and your own personal bravery never so great ; yet so long as your iniquities continue to separate between you and your god , and your sins hide his face from you ; you cannot then trust in the arm of flesh ; nor is it your sword that can then help you . joshua was a great general , had a very just cause , and a good army to support it . and yet 't is very remarkable in his story , that he was smitten before the canaanites for a sin amongst his soldiers . and this i mention to put you in mind of the fatal consequence of your sins ; which whilst you continue in without repentance , you harbour a foe within your own tents , that will do you and your cause more mischief than all the arts and assaults of your enemies could be otherwise able to do . if therefore you have any serious regard for your own interest and advantage , with reference to the life that now is , or that which is to come ; if the glorious success of that cause in which you are engaged , if the honour and safety of your king , the good of your country , the defence and preservation of your most holy religion , and the common welfare and prosperity of that whole church and nation to which you belong , can make any tolerable impression upon you ; you must then think your selves obliged upon the account of all these most powerful and prevailing motives to make it your great care to live and dye as it becometh christians ; to fear god , and to pray unto him continually ; and so to order your conversation aright , that iniquity may not be your raine , neither in this world , nor in that which is to come . this , gentlemen , is the hearty desire of him who daily remembers you in his prayers to god for you ; and who earnestly entreats and exhorts you to pray daily for your selves likewise , that god would prosper your cause you have in hand ; that he would plead your cause with them that strive with you , and fight against them that fight against you ; that by his heavenly wisdom and power from above he would direct the councils , and influence the conduct , and defend the person of your royal general ; and so continue both him and you under the merciful care and protection of his good providence , that you may be still safe from the power of your enemies ; and that the ungodly and those that hate you , may not be able to triumph over you : but that you may do valiantly , and conquer gloriously , and rejoyce greatly in the god of your salvation , saying , blessed be the lord god , our saviour and mighty deliverer , who hath done great things for us : and praised be the lord for evermore , who hath pleasure in the prosperity of his servants . forms of prayer and devotion for the use of the army . it was purposely designed that the prayers which are here recommended to your use , should be short and few : and that no more should be imposed upon you in this case than the most busie circumstances of your employment may be well supposed to admit . but forasmuch as every one , who calls himself christian , and thinks it his duty to pray at all , cannot but allow it to be highly useful and expedient , to implore the daily protection , and to show forth the loving kindness of that god , who alone maketh him both to sleep , and wake , and dwell in safety : i hope you will all account it but a very reasonable service ( for men in your circumstances more especially ) to begin and end the day with these short forms following . a prayer for the morning . o almighty and most merciful lord god , i return thee my most humble and hearty thanks for renewing thy mercies towards me every morning ; and for the particular care and watchfulness of thy good providence over me this night past . o continue forth thy goodness and loving kindness towards me ! and be thou still my saviour and mighty deliverer in all my dangers and necessities : in the time of battle , in the hour of death , and in the day of judgment . take me into thy divine favour and protection this day more especially , i most humbly beseech thee : and keep me from all things that may be hurtful both to my soul and body . grant , o lord , that i may give no occasion of offence to any of those amongst whom i converse ; that i may not be guilty of any cruelty or unjust violence , any unchristian hatred , malice , or revenge , or any other uncharitableness towards my neighbour : but that in all my conversation i may live paceably and unblameably ; so as neither to do any wrong , nor to suffer any . assist me with thy grace and holy spirit to keep my body in temperance , soberness , and chastity : that i may keep my soul innocent and undefiled thereby , and my body the better strengthen'd and prepared for that vigorous and active ●●vice in the which i am employed . set a watch over my lips , o lord , that i offend not with my tongue : that no evil-speaking , lying , or slandering , no wicked blasphemy or profaneness , nor any other evil communication may proceed out of my mouth . teach me in every thing to do the thing that pleaseth thee , o lord my god ; and direct and enable me to continue in thy fear all the day long , that i may be always fitted and prepared to dye in thy favour ; even so lord , whenever it seemeth good in thy sight . together with my self , i recommend to thy divine grace and favour , the king , and all my fellow soldiers : most humbly beseeching thee to bless and prosper and defend him against the face of his enemies ; and to inspire us with such courage and resolution , that we may manfully fight his battels , and valiantly and faithfully discharge our respective duties in that state of life to which thy divine providence hath called us . o lord , hear my prayers , forgive me all my sins , pardon my failings , and do more abundantly for me than i am able to ask or think , through the merits of jesus my saviour ; in whose most holy name and words i sum up all my wants , saying , our father which art in heaven , &c. a prayer for the evening . o god the creator and preserver of all mankind , in whom we live and move and have our being , and to whose only mercy it is to be ascribed that we are not consumed : i most humbly beseech thee to accept of this my evening sacrifice of praise and thanksgiving for thy preservation of me this day past , and for all the many gracious effects of thy goodness towards me throughout the whole course of my life . my sins testifie against me , that i have justly deserved thy utmost displeasure : and if thou shouldest enter into judgment with me , o lord , i have nothing to plead , but my own misery , and thy great goodness , to make me an object of thy infinite pity and compassion . unto that therefore i appeal , and fly for succour ; beseeching thee for thy mercies sake , and for the sake of jesus my saviour , to turn away thy face from my sins , and to blot out all my misdeeds . be not wroth very sore , o lord , neither remember thou mine iniquity for ever . pardon whatever thou hast seen amiss in me this day more especially ; and graciously accept of my hearty sorrow and repentance for all those sins , to which , through the frailty of my nature , or the wiles of satan , or the wicked example of other men , i have too much accustomed my self , [ here it will be proper to mention those sins which your conscience accuseth you of : ] and for the time to come grant me such a measure of thy grace and holy spirit , that i may be thereby enabled to resist the temptations of the world , the flesh , and the devil ; and in every thing to keep a conscience void of offence , both towards thee , my god , and towards men. my life , o lord , is in thy hand ; and 't is thou only who hast hitherto preserved it from all those perils and dangers wherewith it hath been so often encompassed . o let it be thy good pleasure to continue it under thy merciful care and protection this night . and whenever thou in thy infinite wisdom , shalt think fit to dispose of it for the service of my king and country , grant me thy grace that i may resign it cheerfully ; and happily exchange it for a better , to live and reign with thee in life everlasting . grant this , o merciful father , for jesus christ's sake , who died for me ; and in whose most prevailing name and words i continue my supplications for my self , and for all my fellow-soldiers , saying , our father which art in heaven , hallowed be thy name , &c. besides this practise of saying your prayers every morning and evening , it is farther adviseable , that you should sometimes humble your selves before almighty god in a more solemn manner ; to deprecate his wrath and indignation against you , and to implore his mercy for the pardon and forgiveness of your sins . for which purpose i recommend to your use that most excellent form of devotion which is appointed by our church in the commination office : where the st psalm , and the prayers which follow it , are so admirably contrived to exercise the devotion of every hearty and sincere penitent , that you will not want any other help , nor can you indeed be well supply'd with a better : for which reason it is put at the end of this advice . and because it is highly requisite that men in your circumstances should be continually lifting up your hearts to god ; and at all times , and in all places , and upon all occasions addressing your souls to him , from whom cometh your strength and salvation , it will be very proper for you to habituate your selves to these ejaculations , or short prayers following . ejaculations to be used upon the following occasions . at going out or returning into your tent or quarters . o lord bless my going out and my coming in from this time forth and for ever more . at your being drawn out to battle . thou , o lord god of hosts , art our refuge and strength in the day of battle : o be thou now and evermore our defender against the face of our enemies . in thee , o lord , is our trust : be it therefore according to thy word , and suffer not our foes to triumph over us . through thee shall we prevail : and in thy name shall we tread them under that rise up against us . upon your preservation after the fight . glory be to thee , o lord , for saving my life from destruction , and for delivering it from the peril of the sword ! o grant that i may from henceforth dedicate it wholly to thy service : and make it an instrument of thy glory , o lord god of my salvation . after any victory obtained . we have heard with our ears , o god , our fathers have told us : and as we have heard , so have we seen likewise that salvation is of the lord. for we got not this victory through our own sword , neither was it our arm that helped us : but thy right hand , and thine arm , and the light of thy countenance , because thou hadst a favour unto us . of thee therefore will we make our boast all the day long : and praise thy name for ever and ever . upon any desperate wound received , or in the time of sickness . i acknowledge , o lord , holy and true , that i am justly wounded for my sins and transgressions : and that thou of very faithfulness hast caused me to be thus afflicted . but be thou still my saviour and defence . leave me not , neither forsake me o lord god of my salvation . when there appeareth small hopes of your recovery . father , if it be possible , remove this affliction from me : nevertheless not my will , but thine be done . father into thy hands i commend my spirit : for thou hast redeemed me o lord thou god of truth . may god of his gracious goodness bless and sanctifie these instructions to his glory , and to your spiritual and eternal benefit ! and we who sit quietly under our own vines , and under our own fig-tiees , whilst you , gentlemen , are so generously hazarding your lives abroad for our defence and preservation , shall not cease to make mention of you in our prayers , saying , the lord prosper you : we wish you good success in the name of the lord. out of the commination in the liturgy . ¶ first read and consider seriously the following exhortation , now seeing that all they are accursed , &c. now seeing that all they are accursed ( as the prophet david beareth witness ) who do err and go astray from the commandments of god , let us ( remembring the dreadful judgment hanging over our heads , and always ready to fall upon us ) return unto our lord god with all contrition and meekness of heart , bewailing and lamenting our sinful life , acknowledging and confessing our offences , and seeking to bring forth worthy fruits of penance . for now is the ax put unto the root of the trees , so that every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit , is hewen down , and cast into the fire . it is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living god : he shall pour down rain upon the sinners , snares , fire and brimstone , storm and tempest ; this shall be their portion to drink . forlo , the lord is come out of his place to visit the wickedness of such as dwell upon the earth . but who may abide the day of his coming ? who who shall be able to endure when he appeareth : his pan is in his hand , and he will purge his floor , and gather his wheat into the barn , but he will burn the chaff with unquenchable fire . the day of the lord cometh as a thief in the night : and when men shall say peace , and all things are safe , then shall sudden destruction come upon them , as sorrow cometh upon a woman travelling with child , and they shall not escape . then shall appear the wrath of god in the day of vengeance , which obstinate sinners , through the stubborness of their heart , have heaped unto themselves , which despised the goodness , patience , and long-sufferance of god , when he called them continually to repentance . then shall they call upon me ( saith the lord ) but i will not hear , they shall seek me early but they shall not find me ; and that because they hated knowledge , and received not the fear of the lord , but abhorred my counsel , and despised my correction . then shall it be too late to knock when the door shall be shut ; and too late to cry for mercy when it is the time of justice . o terrible voice of most just judgment which shall be pronounced upon them , when it shall be said unto them , go ye cursed into the fire everlasting , which is prepared for the devil and his angels . therefore brethren , take we heed betime , while the day of salvation lasteth ; for the night cometh when none can work : but let us , while we have the light , believe in the light , and walk as children of the light , that we be not cast into utter darkness , where is weeping and gnashing of teeth . let us not abuse the goodness of god , who calleth us mercifully to amendment , and of his endless pity promiseth us forgiveness of that which is past , if with a perfect and true heart we return unto him . for though our sins be as red as scarlet , they shall be made white as snow : and though they be like purple , yet they shall be made white as wooll . turn ye ( saith the lord ) from all your wickedness , and your sin shall not be your destruction . cast away from you all your ungodliness that ye have done , make you new hearts , and a new spirit : wherefore will ye die , o house of israel , seeing that i have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth , saith the lord god ? turn ye then , and ye shall live . although we have sinned , yet have we an advocate with the father , jesus christ the righteous , and he is the propitiation for our sins . for he was wounded for our offences , and smitten for our wickedness . let us therefore return unto him , who is the merciful receiver of all true penitent sinners ; assuring our selves that he is ready to receive us , and most willing to pardon us , if we come unto him by faithful repentance ; if we will submit our selves unto him , and from henceforth walk in his ways ; if we will take his easie yoke , and light burden upon us , to follow him in lowliness , patience , and charity , and be ordered by the governance of his holy spirit : seeking always his glory , and serving him duly in our vocation with thanksgiving . this if we do , christ will deliver us from the curse of the law , and from the extream malediction which shall light upon them that shall be set on the left hand ; and he will set us on his right hand , and give us the gracious benediction of his father , commanding us to take possession of his glorious kingdom : unto which he vouchsafe to bring us all , for his infinite mercy . amen . ¶ then upon your knees repeat the psalm to the end . miserere mihi deus . psal . . have mercy upon me , o god , after thy great goodness : according to the multitude of thy mercies , do away mine offences . wash me throughly from my wickedness : and cleanse me from my sin . for i acknowledge my faults : and my sin is ever before me . against thee only have i sinned , and done this evil in thy sight : that thou mightest be justified in thy saying , and clear when thou are judged . behold , i was shapen in wickedness , and in sin hath my mother conceived me . but lo , thou requirest truth in the inward parts : and shalt make me to understand wisdom secretly . thou shalt purge me with hyssop , and i shall be clean : thou shalt wash me , and i shall be whiter then snow . thou shalt make me hear of joy and gladness : that the bones which thou hast broken may rejoyce . turn thy face from my sins : and put out all my misdeeds . make me a clean heart , o god : and renew a right spirit within me . cast me not away from thy presence : and take not thy holy spirit from me . o give me the comfort of thy help again : and stablish me with thy free spirit . then shall i teach thy ways unto the wicked : and sinners shall be converted unto thee . deliver me from blood-guiltiness , o god , thou that art the god of my health : and my tongue shall sing of thy righteousness . thou shalt open my lips , o lord : and my mouth shall shew thy praise . for thou desirest no sacrifices , else would i give it thee : but thou delightest not in burnt-offerings . the sacrifice of god is a troubled spirit : a broken and a contrite heart , o god , shalt thou not despise . o be favourable and gracious unto sion : build thou the walls of jerusalem . then shalt thou be pleased with the sacrifice of righteousness , with the burnt-offerings and oblations : then shall they offer young bullocks upon thine altar . glory be to the father , &c. ¶ then say the lords prayer , our father , &c. our father , which art in heaven ; hallowed be thy name . thy kingdom come . thy will be done in earth , as it is in heaven . give us this day our daily bread . and forgive us our trespasses , as we forgive them that trespass against us . and lead us not into temptation : but deliver us from evil . amen . ¶ then , o lord , we beseech thee , &c. and the following , prayer . then , turn thou us , o good lord , &c. o lord , we beseech thee mercifully hear our prayers , and spare all those who confess their sins unto thee , that they whose consciences by sin are accused , by thy merciful pardon may be absolved , through christ our lord. amen . o most mighty god and merciful father , who hast compassion upon all men , and hatest nothing that thou hast made , who wouldest not the death of a sinner , but that he should rather turn from his sin , and be saved ; mercifully forgive us our trespasses , receive and comfort us , who are grieved and wearied with the burden of our sins . thy property is always to have mercy ; to thee only it appertaineth to forgive sins . spare us therefore , good lord spare thy people , whom thou hast redeemed ; enter not into judgment with thy servants , who are vile earth , and miserable sinners ; but so turn thine anger from us , who meekly acknowledge our vileness , and truly repent us of our faults ; and so make haste to help us in this world , that we may ever live with thee in the world to come , through jesus christ our lord. amen . turn thou us , o good lord , and so shall we turned . be favourable , o lord , be favourable to thy people , who turn to thee in weeping , fasting , and praying . for thou art a merciful god , full of compassion , long-suffering , and of great pity . thou sparest when we deserve punishment , and in thy wrath thinkest upon mercy . spare thy people good lord spare them , and let not thy heritage be brought to confusion . hear us , o lord , for thy mercy is great , and after the multitude of thy mercies look upon us , through the merits and mediation of thy blessed son jesus christ our lord. amen . finis a persuasive to frequent communion in the holy sacrament of the lord's supper . by his grace john lord arch-bishop of canterbury , vo . price d. die lunæ april. . an ordinance of the lords and commons assembled in parliament, for the redressing of the oppressions of the souldiers taking free-quarter, contrary to the orders of parliament. england and wales. parliament. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing e thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) die lunæ april. . an ordinance of the lords and commons assembled in parliament, for the redressing of the oppressions of the souldiers taking free-quarter, contrary to the orders of parliament. england and wales. parliament. sheet ([ ] p.) printed by john wright at the kings head in the old bayley, london : . order to print signed: joh. brown cler. parliamentorum. reproduction of the original in the british library. eng soldiers -- billeting -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- early works to . great britain -- politics and government -- - -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no die lunæ april. . an ordinance of the lords and commons assembled in parliament, for the redressing of the oppressions of souldiers t england and wales. parliament. a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images - mona logarbo sampled and proofread - mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion die lunae april . . an ordinance of the lords and commons assembled in parliament , for the redressing of the oppressions of souldiers by taking free-quarter , contrary to the orders of parliament . whereas it hath been informed that free-quarter hath been and is yet taken in severall places in this kingdom , contrary to severall ordinances and declarations of both houses of parliament , to the great dishonour of the parliament , and grievous oppression of the subject , it is therefore ordered and ordained by the lords and commons now assembled in parliament , for the more speedy , easie , and effectuall redresse of the same , that the commissioners named in the last ordinance for l. per mensem , or any two of them , upon complaint made against any officers or souldiers , for taking free-quarter , or committing any other misdemeanour contrary to the declarations and ordinances aforesaid , shall have power , and are hereby authorized and required , to call any person or persons so complained of before them , and such witnesses as shall be desired to be produced on either side touching the premises , and to take their examinations and informations upon oath , and to certifie the same to thomas lord fairfax generall of the army , who is hereby required to give redresse , and to do justice therein according to the ordinances and declarations of parliament in that case made and provided ; as also according to the lawes , articles , and discipline of warre , allowed of and established by authority of both houses of parliament . and it is hereby further ordained by the authority aforesaid , that the said commissioners so authorized to examine as aforesaid , shall give notice to the chiefe officer in commission then resident in the county where such offence or misdemeanour is complained of as aforesaid , of the time and place by the said commissioners appointed for the taking of the said examinations and informations as aforesaid ; which said chiefe officer in commission may be present and assist the said commissioners in taking the said examinations and informations . die lunae , april . . ordered by the lords assembled in parliament , that this ordinance be forthwith printed and published . joh. brown cler. parliamentorum . london , printed for john wright at the kings head in the old bayley . . two orders of the commons assembled in parliament, concerning soldiers. die lunæ, junii, . england and wales. parliament. house of commons. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing e thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) two orders of the commons assembled in parliament, concerning soldiers. die lunæ, junii, . england and wales. parliament. house of commons. sheet ([ ] p.) printed for edward husband, printer to the honorable house of commons, london : iune . . ordered that all officers giving false certificates for arrears shall forfeit their own. ordered that of the , pounds charged on the receipts at goldsmiths' hall, etc. is to be issued as soon as possible to private soldiers -- cf. steele. orders of parliament and order to print signed: h: elsynge, cler. parl. d. com. reproduction of the original in the british library. eng soldiers -- england -- pay, allowances, etc. -- early works to . great britain -- history -- civil war, - -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no two orders of the commons assembled in parliament, concerning soldiers. die lunæ, junii, . england and wales. parliament. a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images - mona logarbo sampled and proofread - mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion two orders of the commons assembled in parliament , concerning soldiers . die lunae , junii , . ordered by the commons assembled in parliament , that all such officers and commanders as hath or shall give any false attestations or certificates to soldiers for the receiving of their arrears , shall forfeit all the arrears due unto themselves upon their entertainment . h : elsynge , cler. parl. d. com. junii , . vvhereas there was the sum of twenty thousand pounds formerly charged upon the moyety of the receipts at goldsmiths-hall , not past in security for the last two hundred thousand pounds to be issued out for payment of the private soldier , which because it could not come into cash in any convenient time to relieve the present necessities of the private soldier , the houses out of consideration of the said necessities , have borrowed the sum of ten thousand pounds of the treasurers in vveavershall , which they have ordered forthwith to be issued to the private soldier for a moneths pay unto them , till their accompts be stated ; it is ordered and declared , that the said remaining ten thousand pounds formerly charged upon the said moyety of the receipts of goldsmiths-hall , shall be imployed to the pay of the private soldier , as formerly : and that it be effectually recommended from this house to the committee and treasurers at goldsmiths-hall , forthwith to furnish the said ten thousand pounds so charged as aforesaid , to be issued to the private soldier , as is formerly ordered , and to return their answer to this house with all speed , and their opinions how this ten thousand pounds may be speedily raised and furnished for the uses aforesaid . h : elsynge , cler. parl. d. com. ordered by the commons assembled in parliament , that these orders be forthwith printed and published . h : elsynge , cler. parl. d. com. london , printed for edward husband , printer to the honorable house of commons , iune . . a proclamation by his excellency the lord generall, for the regulating of souldiers in their march to ireland. fairfax, thomas fairfax, baron, - . this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing f thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) a proclamation by his excellency the lord generall, for the regulating of souldiers in their march to ireland. fairfax, thomas fairfax, baron, - . sheet ([ ] p.) printed for john playford, and are to be sold at his shop in the inner temple, london : . signed and dated at end: t. fairfax. march . annotation on thomason copy: "march ". reproduction of the original in the british library. eng soldiers -- great britain -- conduct of life -- early works to . great britain -- history -- commonwealth and protectorate, - -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no a proclamation by his excellency the lord generall, for the regulating of souldiers in their march to ireland. fairfax, thomas fairfax, baron a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images - mona logarbo sampled and proofread - mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion a proclamation by his excellency the lord generall , for the regulating of souldiers in their march to ireland . whereas it is credibly reported , that divers souldiers in their march through severall counties towards jreland , have and still do harrasse , plunder , and act great violencies and insolences in the countrey , to the great injurie of the people , and dishonor to the army , notwithstanding the power by a former proclamation given to the countrey , to suppresse and secure them so doing ; i do therefore hereby require all officers and souldiers of the army under my command , that do quarter in or neere such places , to be aiding and assisting to the people of the countrey , for their relief against the outrages and violences of any such souldiers in their march or otherwise : provided , that it is not intended hereby , that those ingaged for the irish service , be discouraged , disturbed , or interrupted in their march , and orderly quartering . given under my hand and seal in queen-street , this . day of march , . t. faifax . imprimatur . hen. whalley , advocate . london : printed for john playford , and are to be sold at his shop in the inner temple . . the souldiers honour wherein by diuers inferences and gradations it is euinced, that the profession is iust, necessarie, and honourable: to be practised of some men, praised of all men. together with a short admonition concerning munition, to this honour'd citie. preached to the worthy companie of gentlemen, that exercise in the artillerie garden: and now on thier second request, published to further vse. by tho. adams. adams, thomas, fl. - . approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : - (eebo-tcp phase ). a stc estc s this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, - ; : ) the souldiers honour wherein by diuers inferences and gradations it is euinced, that the profession is iust, necessarie, and honourable: to be practised of some men, praised of all men. together with a short admonition concerning munition, to this honour'd citie. preached to the worthy companie of gentlemen, that exercise in the artillerie garden: and now on thier second request, published to further vse. by tho. adams. adams, thomas, fl. - . [ ], , [ ] p. printed by adam islip and edward blount, and are to be sold in pauls church-yard at the signe of the blacke beare, london : . with an initial blank. reproduction of the original in the henry e. huntington library and art gallery. created by converting tcp files to tei p using tcp tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between and available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the , texts created during phase of the project have been released into the public domain as of january . anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. % (or pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf- unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p , characters represented either as utf- unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng soldiers -- sermons -- th century. sermons, english -- th century. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images - judith siefring sampled and proofread - judith siefring text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion the sovldiers honovr . wherein by diuers inferences and gradations it is euinced , that the profession is iust , necessarie , and honourable ; to be practised of some men , praised of all men . together with a short admonition concerning munition , to this honour'd citie . preached to the worthy companie of gentlemen , that exercise in the artillerie garden : and now on their second request , published to further vse . by tho. adams . exodvs . . . the lord is a man of warre : the lord is his name . london , printed by adam islip and edward blount , and are to be sold in pauls church-yard at the signe of the blacke beare . . to the well deseruing captaine edward panton , the captaines and truly generous gentlemen , citizens of london , of the societie of armes , practising in the artillerie garden . wee are all souldiers , as wee are christians : some more specially , as they are men . you beare both spirituall armes against the enemies of your saluation , and materiall armes against the enemies of your countrey . in both you fight vnder the colours of our great generall iesus christ. by looking a little into this mysticall warre , you shall the better vnderstand how to be milites cataphracti , good souldiers in all respects . iob calls mans life a warfare : and wee find , reuel . . that there was warre in heauen : michael and his angels fought against the dragon ; and the dragon & his angels . where by heauen is meant the church of god vpon earth ; as interpreters obserue generally . for in heauen aboue there is no warfare , but welfare : no trouble , but peace that passeth all vnderstanding : now to this war euery christian is a professed souldier : not onely for a spurt , for sport ; as young gentlemen vse for a time to see the fashion of the warres : but our vow runnes thus in baptisme ; that euery man vndertakes to fight manfully vnder christs banner against sinne , the world , and the deuill ; and to continue his faithfull souldier and seruant to his liues end . and this battell let vs fight with courage , because we are warriours vnder that generall that ( without question ) shall conquer . nil desperandū christo duce , & auspice christo. they ouercome by the blood of the lambe . reu . . though they loose some bloud , they shall be sure to winne the victorie . bernard supposeth a great war between christ the king of ierusalem , & satan the k. of babylon . the watchman on the wals spies a christian souldier to be surprised by the babylonian host , & carried captiue to their tents . hereof he informes the king , who presently chargeth timorem , the feare of god , to run & redeeme the souldier . feare comes thundring vpon the aduersary power , & forceth thē trembling to surrender backe their prey ; which he is now returning home to the king . hereupon steps vp spiritus tristitiae , sadnes ; & cryes , o ye babylonians , is it not a shame that one man should rescue a prisoner from such a multitude ? well ne timeatis a timore isto , be not afraid of this fellow feare : i will giue you a stratagem how to reduce him . this must not be done marte sed arte ; not by force but by fraud : marke the euent . this spirit of sadnesse lyes in the way , and falls in with the souldiers , colloguing as a friend , as a fiend ; amica sed iniqua collocutione . suspectles feare followes a little off . but sorrow had brought the souldier to the brinke of a deepe pitte , desperation ; and was euen vpon the point of thrusting him in ; the watchman obserues it , and againe tells the king : who ( quicker then thought ) dispatcheth a fresh supply of succour , hope , to his deliuery . hope mounted vpon a swift horse , desire ; comes amaine : and with the sword of gladnes puts sorrow to flight ; so quits him from the gulfe of despaire . once again is the citizen of heauē freed : now hope sets him ( being weary ) on his own horse , desire : himselfe leads him with the cord of promised mercy : feare comes after with a switch made of remembrance of sinnes , and so sets him forward to ierusalem . hereupon the king of babylon calls a councell ; where some grieue , others rage , all hell rores , that they had lost a prisoner , of whom they lately thought themselues so sure . there is not more ioy with the angels in heauen , then there is sorrow with the deuils in hell , for this sinners conuersion . but yet all is not well , as the watchman certifies the king of omnipotence . the souldier is mounted vpon desire , hope leads him , and feare driues him amaine : but i doubt he comes too fast , because he hath neither bridle nor saddle . hereon the kings , that hath euerlasting care of all christian soules , sends forth two of his graue councellors to him , temperance and prudence ; temperance giues him a bridle , that is discretion ; and prudence a saddle , that is circumspection . this is not all : feare and hope giue him two spurres ; on the left heele feare of punishment , on the right , expectation of blisse . knowledge cleares his eye , diligence opens his eare , obedience strengthens his hand , deuotion rectifies his foot , faith encourageth his heart . and if he want any thing , prayer offers him her seruice , to wait vpon him as a faithfull messenger ; promising that whensoeuer he sends her to the king with a petition , she will bring him backe a benediction . thus as in a little tablet you see the whole world ; that all of vs must be souldiers on earth militant , that will be conquerors in heauen triumphant . but are there not enemies in the flesh , so well as enemies in the spirit ? is mysticall armour only necessarie to a christian , & is there no vse of materiall ? no ; aequūest deum illis esse propitium , qui sibi non sunt aduersarij ; it is iust , that god should be a friend to thē , that are not enemies to themselues . i know prayers are good weapons : and exo. . there was more speed made to victorie by lifting vp of moses hands , then of ioshu's word . he that would ouercome his enemies on earth , must first preuaile with his best friend in heauen . if the mercy & strength of god be made thine by prayer , feare not the aduerse powers . ro. . we shal be conquerors through him that loued vs. but is it enough to bend the knee , without stirring the hand ? shall warre march against vs with thundering steps ; & shall we only assemble our selues in the temples , lie prostrate on the pauements , lift vp our hands & eyes to heauen , & not our weapons against our enemies ? shal we beat the aire with our voices , and not their bosomes with our swords ? only knock our own breasts , & not knock their heads ? sure , a religious conscience neuer taught a man to neglect his life , his libertie , his estate , his peace . pietie and policie are not opposites : he that taught vs to be harmelesse as doues , bad vs also be wise as serpents . giue way to a fiction : fables are not without their vsefull morals . a boy was molested with a dog ; the frier taught him to say a gospell by heart , and warranted this to allay the dogs furie . the mastiffe spying the boy , flies at him : he begins ( as it were ) to coniure him with his gospel . the dog ( not capable of religion ) approcheth more violently . a neighbor passing by , bids the boy take vp a stone : he did so , and throwing at the dog , escaped . the frier demands of the lad , how he sped with his charme . sir ( quoth he ) your gospel was good , but a stone with the gospel did the deed . the curs of antichrist are not afraid of our gospel , but of our stones : let vs fight , & they wil flie . fight say you ; why who strikes vs ? yeeld that no enemies doe , are we sure that none will doe ? when our securitie hath made vs weake , & their policie hath made thē strong , we shal find thē ( like that troublesome neighbour ) knocking at our dore early in the morning , before we are vp ; when it wil be too late for vs to say , if we had known of your cōming , we would haue prouided better cheare for you . they thank you , they wil take now such as they find , for they purpose to be their owne caruers , and the worst morsels they swallow shal be your hearts . let vs therfore like good housekeepers , whō such vnbiddē guests come , haue alwaies a breakfast ready for thē : which if we giue thē heartily , they shal haue smal stomach to their dinners . be you but ready for warre , and i durst warrant your peace . whilst you are dissolute , they grow resolute . ludouicus viues reports , that the yong nobles and gallants in a citie of spaine were falne to such leuitie of carriage ; that in stead of marching to the sound of a drum , they were dancing leuolto's to the lute in a ladies chamber : their beauers were turned to beuer hats . euery one had his mistresse , and spent his time in courting venus ; but mars was shut out at the backe gate . the ancient magistrates obseruing this , consulted what should become of that country , which these men must gouerne after they were dead . hereupon they conferred with the women , their daughters , the ladies : whom they instructed to forbeare their wonted fauours , to despise the fantasticall amorists , and to afford no grace to them that had no grace in themselues . this they obeyed diligently , and wrought so effectually , that the gentlemen soone began to spie some difference betwixt effeminatenes and noblenes . and at last in honourable and seruiceable designes excelled all their ancestors . if we had in england such ladies , ( though i doe not wish them from spaine ) wee should haue such lords . honour should goe by the banner , not by the barue : and reputation be valued by valour , not measured by the acre : there would be no ambition to be carpet-knights . how necessarie the readinesse of armes , and of men practised to those armes , hath beene to the common good ; what nation hath not found , either in the habite to their safetie , or in the priuation to their ruine ? onely we blesse our selues in our peace ; and say to them that aduise vs to militarie preparations , as the deuils said to christ , that we come to torment them before their time . but let them rest , that thus will rust : and for your selues , worthy gentlemen , keepe your armes bright ; and thereby your names , your vertues , your soules : you shall be honoured in good mens hearts , whilst wanton and effeminate gulls shall weaue and weare their owne disgraces . spernite vos sperni : there are none that think basely of you , whose bosomes are acquainted with other then ignoble thoughts . but i haue held you too long in the gates , vnlesse i could promise you the sight of a better citie . yet enter in , and view it with your eyes : it hath alreadie entred your eares ; god grant it may enter all our hearts . so your selues shall be renowned , our peace secured , and the lords great name glorified , through iesus christ. yours to be commanded in all christian seruices , tho. adams . the sovldiers honovr . wherein by diuerse inferences and gradations it is euinced , that the profession is iust , necessarie , and honourable : to be practised of some men , praysed of all men . together with a short admonition , concerning munition , to this honoured citie . ivdg . . ver . . they chose new gods : then was warre in the gates : was there a shield or speare seene among fortie thousand in israel ? my heart is toward the gouernours of israel , that offered themselues willingly among the people . blesse ye the lord. it was a custome in the heathen world , after victorie to sing songs of triumph . this fashion was also obserued among the iewes ; as we frequently find it . after a great conquest of the philistins , the people of israel sung ; saul hath slaine his thousand , and dauid his ten thousand . when ioshua had ouerthrowne those fiue kings ; at whose prayer the sunne stood still , and the day was made longer then euer the world saw before , or since ; the people sung , the sunne stood still in gibeon , and the moone in the valley of aialon . when israel had crossed the red sea with drie feet , and the returning waters had drowned their pursuing enemies ; moses and the people sung this song , the lord is a man of warre , the lord is his name , &c. here debora hauing conquered sisera , with his nine hundred chariots of yron , shee sung this triumphant song to the lord ; praise ye the lord for the auenging of israel : heare o ye kings , i will sing to the lord. i haue chosen two straines of this song ; from which , as they shall teach me , so i purpose to teach you , to blesse the lord that teacheth vs all . so the psalmist ; it is the lord that teacheth our hands to warre , and our fingers to fight . this lord giue me a tongue to sing it , you eares to heare it , and vs all hearts to embrace it . in all i obserue two generals , which expresse the nature of the two verses . there is great affliction . there is great affection . the affliction ; they chose new gods : then was warre in the gates , &c. the affection ; my heart is toward the gouernours of israel , that offered themselues willingly among the people : blesse ye the lord. in the affliction , me thinkes i find three points of warre : the alarme ; they chose new gods . the battell ; then was warre in the gates . the forlorne hope ; was there a shield or a speare seene among fortie thousand in israel ? here is . superstitio populi , the apostacie of the people ; they chose new gods . this i call the alarme ; for impietas ad arma vocat , vngodlinesse calls to warre . if we fight against god , we prouoke god to fight against vs. then . inflictio belli , a laying on of punishment : god meets their abhomination with desolation ; the hand of iustice against the hands of vnrighteousnesse ; then was warre in the gates : this i call the battaile . then . defectus remedij , a destitution of remedie : was there a shield or speare secne among fortie thousand in israel ? sinne had not only brought warre , but taken away defence ; in praelia trudit inermes , sent them vnarmed to fight . and this i call the forlorne hope . you see the particulars : now ordine quidque suo . the alarme . they chose new gods . their idolatrie may be aggrauated by three circumstances or degrees . they are all declining , and downewards : there is malum , peius , pessimum ; euill , worse , and worst of all . . they chose . here is electio , non compulsio ; a franke choise , no compelling : they voluntarily tooke to themselues , and betooke themselues to other gods . naaman begged mercie for a sinne , to which he seemes enforced , if he would reserue the fauour of his king , and peace of his estate : and therefore cryed , be mercifull to me in this ; when i bow with my master in the house of rimmon , in this the lord pardon me . but here is spontanea malitia , a wilfull wickedness ; they chose . there is euill , the first degree . . gods. what ? a people trained vp in the knowledge of one god : iehouah , i am ; and there is none besides me . vnissimus ( saith bernard ) si non est vnus , non est ; if he be not one , he is none . the bees haue but one king , flockes and heards but one leader , the skie but one sunne , the world but one god. immemsus deus est , quia scilicet omnia mensus . innumerabilis est , vnus enim deus est . sayes the epigrammatist . god is therefore innumerable , because he is but one . it was for the heathen , that had ( saith augustine ) mentes amentes , intoxicate minds and reprobate hearts , to haue plurimos deos , a multitude of gods . they had gods of the water , gods of the wind , gods of the corne , gods of the fruits : nec omnia commemoro , quia me pig et , quod ill is non pudet . neither do i mention all , because it grieues me to speake , what they were not ashamed to doe . prudentius sayes , they had so many things for their god , as there were things that were good . quicquid humus , pelagus , coelum mirabile gignunt , id duxere deos , colles , freta , flumina , flammas . insomuch , that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . but israel knew , that vnicus deus , there was but one god ; that others were dij titulares , gods in name ; theirs onely deus tutelaris , god in power . their rocke is not as our rocke , euen our enemies themselues being iudges . doe these bring other gods in competition with him ? peius , this is worse . . new gods . will any nation change their gods ? no : the ekromites will keepe their god , though it be belzeebub : the ammonites will keepe their god , though it be melchom : th● syrians will sticke to their god , though it be rimmon : the philistims will not part with their god , though it be dagon . and shall israel change iehouah , viuentem deum , the liuing god ? pessimum ; this is worst of all . these be the wretched degrees of israels sinne : god keepe england from such apostacie . we haue one god : let the romists chuse them another : as the canonists style their pope , dominus deus noster papa ; our lord god the pope . but wee haue one lord , one faith , one baptisme ; one god , and father of all , who is aboue all , and thr●●gh all , and in vs all . we haue one god in professi●n : this god grant , that we haue but one in affection . but vnum colimus ore , multos corde : wee worship one with our mouthes , many in our hearts . tot sunt nostrae deitates , quot cupiditates : wee haue so many gods , as wee haue lusts . honour is the amb●tious mans god : pleasure the voluptuous mans god : riches the couetous mans god . haec tria pro trino numine mundus habet . this is the trinitie the world worships . these three tyrants , like those three romans , caesar , crassus , and pompey , haue shared the world betweene them ; and left god least , that owes all . the people of israel , when they had turned beast , and calued an idoll , cryed in triumph , these are thy gods , o israel . so we may speake it with horror and amazement of soule , of these three idols ; these are thy gods , o england . the idols of the heathen were siluer and gold , saith the psalmist . it is but inuerting the sentence : mutato nomine nos sumus fabula ; change but the names , and we● are the subiect or whom the tale is told . their idols were siluer and gold ; and siluer and gold are our idols . he that railed on belsebub , pulled all ekrom about his eares : he that sleighted melchom , prouoked the ammonites . but he that condemnes mammon , speakes against all the world . but if god be our god , mammon must be our slaue : for he that is the seruant of god , must be the master of his money . if god be our king , hee must be our king onely : for the bed and the throne brooke no riualls . when the souldiors had chosen valentinian emper●● , they were consulting to ioyne with him a partner . to whom valentinian replyed ; it was in your power to giue me the empire , when i had it not : now i haue it , it is not in your power to giue me a partner . god must be our god alone . aequum est deos fingere , ac deum negare . it is all one to chuse new gods , and to denie the true god. if therefore we will haue nouum deum , a new god ; we shall haue nullum deum , no god. no , let the heaten chuse new gods ; thou o father of mercie , and lord of heauen and earth , be our god for euer . this is the alarme : we come now to the battell . then was warre in the gates . if israel giue god an alarme of wickednesse , god will giue them a battell of wretchednesse . if thou , o israel , wilt peccare in extremo tuo , god will punire in extremo suo : if thou sinne in thy extremitie , god will punish in his extremitie . idolatrie is an extreame impietie ; therefore against it the gate of heauen is barred . know yee not , that no idolater shall inherite the kingdome of god ? the idolater would thrust god out of his throne , therefore good reason that god should thrust him out of his kingdome . the punishment is also extreame : and hath in it a great portion of miserie , though not a proportion answerable to the iniquitie . for it deserues not only warre and slaughter in the gates of earth , but eternall death in the gates of hell . but not to extend the punishment beyond the proposed limits ; nor , where it offers the companie a mile , to compell it to goe with vs twaine : let vs view it , as it is described . and we shall find it aggrauated by three circumstances . a natura . warre ; there 's the nature of it . a tempore . then ; there 's the time of it . a loco . in the gates ; there 's the place of it . there is quid , quando , vbi . what , when , and where . warre , that 's the quid. then , that 's the quando . in the gates , that 's the vbi . then was warre in the gates . the nature of it ; what , warre . warre is that miserable desolation , that finds a land before it like eden ; and leaues it behinde it like sodome and gomorrah , a desolate and forsaken wildernesse . let it be sowed with the seed of man and beast , as a field with wheate ; warre will eate it vp . bellum , quasi minime bellum : or rather in vicinitie to the name , mos belluarum . for men , solummodo iustum , quibus necessarium : not iust , but when it is necessarie , and cannot well be auoided . not to be waged by a christian without obseruation of saint augustines rule . esto bellando pacificus . in warre seeke peace : though thy hand be bloudie , let thy heart be peaceable . pacem debet habere voluntas , bellum necessitas . let necessitie put warre into the hands : religion keepe peace in the heart . in it selfe it is a miserable punishment . this is the nature ; what. the time , or quando : then. when was this warre ? tempore idolatrico ; in the time of idolatrie . they chose new gods ; then. when we fight against god , we incense him to fight against vs. indeed wee haue all stricken him : which of vs hath not offered blowes to that sacred deitie ? our oathes proffer new wounds to the sides of iesus christ : and our mercilesse oppressions persecute him through the bowels of the poore . saul , saul , why pesecutest thou mee ? saul strikes vpon earth , iesus christ suffers in heauen . yet if timely repentance step in , we scape his blowes , though hee hath not scaped ours . hee is readie to say , as cato to the man that hurt him in the bath , ( when in sorrow hee asked him forgiuenesse ) non memini me percussum ; i doe not remember that i was stricken . but if israels sinnes strike vp alarme , israels god will giue battell . if they chuse new gods , the true god will punish . then was warre . it is a fearefull thing when god fights . when god tooke off the chariot-wheeles of the egyptians , they cryed ; let vs flee from the face of israel , for the lord fighteth for them against the egyptians . the heathen gods could not defend their friends , nor subdue their enemies , nor auenge themselues . mars vltor galeam quoque per didit , & res non potuit seruare suas . their stout god of warre might loose his helmet , his target , the victorie ; vnable to deliuer himselfe . but god is the lord of hostes : god hath spoken once : twice haue i heard this , that power belongeth vnto god. once , twice , yea a thousand times haue we heard it , read it , seene it , that god is powerfull . that as augustin : verba toties inculcata , vera sunt , viua sunt , sana sunt , plana sunt . things so often repeated and pressed , must needes be plaine and peremptorie . god hath souldiers in heauen , souldiers on earth , souldiers in hell , that fight vnder his presse . so that hee hath mille nocendi artes ; a thousand wayes to auenge himselfe . in heauen hee hath armies ; of fire to burne sodome : of flouds to drowne a world : of haile-stones to kill the amorites : of starres , as here debora sings . they fought from heauen : the starres in their courses fought against sisera . and whilst israel slew their enemies at their generalls prayer ; the sunne stood still in gibeon , and the moone in the valley of aialon . yea there are heauenly souldiers . luke . suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heauenly hoste . one of these celestiall souldiers slew in one night aboue an hundred thousand assyrians . below hee hath seas to drowne pharaoh ; swallowes of the earth to deuoure corah . with fierce lyons , fell dragons , hissing serpents , crawling wormes , he can subdue the proudest rebells . in hell he hath an armie of fiends , though bound in chaines that they shall not hurt the faithfull ; yet let loose to terrifie the wicked . there was an euill spirit to vexe saul ; fowle spirits in the gospel , made some deafe , others dumbe , and cast many into fire and into waters . thus stands the wicked man enuironed with enemies : god and man , angels and deuils , heauen and earth , birds and beastes , others and himselfe , maintaine this warre against himselfe . god may be patient a long time ; but laes a patientia fit furor , patience too much wronged becomes rage : and furor arma ministrat , wrath will quickly affoord weapons . serior esse solet vindicta seuerior . the sorest vengeance is that which is long in comming ; and the fire of indignation burnes the hoter , because god hath been coole and tardie in the execution . impietie and impunitie are not sworne sisters but if wickednesse beat the drumme , destruction will begin to march . the ruined monuments and monasteries in those prouinces , seeme to tell the passengers ; hic fuit hostilitas , warre hath been here . wee may also reade in those rude heapes , hic fuit iniquitas , sinne hath beene here . it was idolatrie rather then warre that pulled downe those walls . if there had beene no enemie to rase them , they should haue falne alone , rather then hide so much superstition and impietie vnder their guiltie roofes . in the tenth of this booke , when the israelites serued baalim and ashtaroth , the gods of syria , and the gods of sidon , then was the anger of the lord hote against them , and he sold them into the hands of the philistins , and into the hands of the children of ammon . then those enemies destroyed their cities , and depopulated their countries : making them spectacles of crueltie and iustice ; crueltie of man , iustice of god. this is the time , when. the place , or vbi . in the gates . this is an extreame progresse of warre , to come so neere as the gates . if it had beene in terra inimicorum , in the land of their enemies : a preparation of warre a great way off : sonus hostilitatis , the noyse of warre . as ierem. . behold a people commeth from the north , a nation shall be raised from the sides of the earth . their voice roareth like the sea : and , wee haue heard the fame thereof . here is warre , but comming , raising , roaring : audiuimus tantum ; wee haue onely heard the noyse of it . yea , if it had come but to the coasts , and inuaded the borders : as the philistins did often forrage the skirts of israel ; yet it had beene somewhat tollerable : for then vidimus tantum ; we haue but seene it onely . ostendisti populo grauia . psal. . thou hast shewne thy people grieuous things : shewed , but not inflicted : shaken the rodde , but not scourged vs. but here venit ad limina bellum ; warre is come to their thresholds , to the zenith and heart of the land ; to defie them in the very gates . and now they more then heare , or see it ; sentiunt , they feele it . the gates in israel , were those places where they sate in iustice : as we may frequently read , they gaue iudgement in the gates . they distributed the corne in the gates . they distributed the corne in the gates , where that vnbeleeuing prince was troden to death . and absalon sate in the gates , and said to euery man that had a controuersie : see thy matters are good and right ; but here is no man deputed of the king to heare thee . so that pacis loca bellum occupat ; warre possesseth the places of peace , and thrusts her out of her wonted residence and presidence , the gates . in the gates ? warre is not then in the right vbi : as they said of pope sixtus ; because he delighted in bloudie warres , that he ill became the seat of peace : according to that epitaph on him . non potuit soeuum vis vlla extinguere sixtum , audito tandem nomine pacis obit no warre could kill sixtus : but so soone as euer he heard of peace , he presently died . warre is got very farre , when it possesseth the gates . you now see the punishment . happie are wee , that cannot iudge the terrors of warre , but by report and heare-say : that neuer saw our townes and cities burning ; our houses rifled , our temples spoyled , our wiues rauished , our children bleeding dead on the pauements , or sprawling on the mercilesse pikes . we neuer heard the grones of our owne dying , and the clamours of our enemies insulting , confusedly sounding in our distracted eares : the wife breathing out her life in the armes of her husband ; the children snatched from the breasts of thier mothers ; as by the terror of their slaughters to aggrauate their owne ensuing torments . wee haue been strangers to this miserie in passion , let vs not be so in compassion . let vs thinke wee haue seene these calamities with our neighbours eyes , and felt them through their sides . when aeneas syluius reports the fall of constantinople ; the murdering of children before the parents eyes , the nobles slaughtered like beasts , the priests to●●● in pieces , the holy virgins incestuously abuse● hee cryes out , o miseram vrbis faciem ; oh wre●●hed face of a citie . many of our neighbours haue beene whirled about in these bloudie tumults : they haue heard the dismall cryes of cruell aduersaries , kill , kill ; the shrikes of women and infants ; the thunders of those murdering peeces in their eares ; their cities and temples flaming before their eyes ; their streets swimming with bloud : when permisti caede virorum semianimes voluuntur equi . men and horses confusedly wallowing in their mingled blouds . onely to vs the yron gates of warre haue been shut vp : wee sit and sing vnder our owne figge-trees ; wee drinke the wine of our owne vineyards ; there is no breaking in , nor going out , no complayning in our strectes : we haue the peace of god , let vs be thankfull to the god of peace . but it is good to be merrie and wise : let not our peace make vs secure . the iewes , in their great feast , had some malefactor brought forth to them : so let it be one good part of our solemnitie , to bring forth that malefactor , securitie ; a rust growne ouer our soules in this time of peace , and send him packing . wee haue not the blessings of god by entaile , or by lease ; but hold all at the good will of our landlord : and that is but during our good behauiour . wee haue not so manie blessings , but wee may easily forfeit them by disobedience . when wee most feared warre , god sent peace : now wee most brag of peace , god preuent warre . doe not our sinnes giue an alarme to heauen , and shall not heauen denounce warre against vs ? nulla pax impijs , there is no peace to the wicked , saith my god. ioram said , is it peace , iehu ? but hee answered , what peace so long as the whoredomes of thy mother iezebel and her witchcrafts are so many ? they are our sinnes , that threaten to loose vs our best friend , god : and if god be not our friend , wee must looke for store of enemies . our great iniquities hearten our aduersaries : they professe to build all their wickednesse against vs , vpon our wickednesse against god. if they did not see vs chuse new gods , they would neuer haue hope to bring warre to our gates . if wee could preuaile against our owne euills ▪ wee should preuaile against all our enemies . the powers of rome , the powers of hell should not hurt vs , if wee did not hurt our selues . let vs cast downe our iesabels , that bewitch vs ; those lusts , whereby wee runne a whoring after other gods : and then peace shall stand centinell in our turrets ; god shall then strengthen the barres of our gates , and establish peace in our borders . let vs , according to that sweet singers doctrine , psal. . . depart from euill , and doe good ; then seeke peace , and pursue it . yea , doe well , and thou shalt not need to pursue it ; peace will finde thee without seeking . augustine , fiat iustitia , & habebis pacem ; liue righteously , and liue peaceably . quietnesse shall finde out righteousnesse , wheresoeuer she lodgeth . but she abhorreth the house of euill : peace will not dine , where grace hath not first broken her fast . let vs embrace godlinesse ; and the peace of god that passeth all vnderstanding , shall preserue our hearts and mindes in iesus christ. the lord fixe all our hearts vpon himselfe ; that neyther our selues , nor our children after vs , nor their generations , so long as the sunne and moone endureth , may euer see warre in the gates of england . thus wee haue runne thorough the battell , and considered the terrours of a bloudie warre ; and now come to the forlorne hope . was there a shield or speare seene among fortie thousand in israel ? was there ? there was not : this question is a plaine negatiue . here is defectus remedij , the want of helpe : great miserie , but no remedie : not a speare to offend ; no , not a shield to defend . warre , and warre in the gates , and yet neyther offensiue nor defensiue weapon ? miserrima priuatio , quae omnem tollit ad habitum regressum . a miserable destitution , which admits of no restitution , that can neuer be restored to the former habite . it takes away all , both present possession , and future possibilitie ; rem & spem , helpe , and hope . but suppose , that onely some one companie had wanted , yet if the rest of the forces had beene armed , there were some comfort . no , not a shield nor speare among many , among a thousand , among many thousand , among fortie thousand : an host of men , and not a weapon ? grieuous exigent ! if it had beene any defect but of armour , or in any other time but the time of warre , or onely in one citie of israel , and not in all . but is there warre , and warre in the gates , and doe many , euen thousands , want ? what , armour enough ? so they might easily ; nay , but one shield , one speare ? miserable calamitie ! they were in great distresse vnder the raigne of saul, . sam. . the spoilers came out of the campe of the philistines , in three companies , &c. yet it came to passe in the day of battell , that there was neither sword nor speare found in the hand of any of the people that were with saul and ionathan : but with saul and with ionathan his sonne was there found . here was a great want ; three bands of the enemies , and but two swords : yet there were then two ; and it so pleased god that those two were enow . as the apostles said to christ , ecce duo gladij ; master , here are two swords : and he answered , it is enough . but two swords for so many , and against so many ; a word of great miserie . but god saith , satis est , those two are enow , a word of great mercie . he can giue victorie with two swords , with one sword , with no sword : and so he did here , that conuinced israel might see , it was the lord that fought for them ; and so bee moued to blesse the lord. you see now all the parts of the affliction : the alarme in sinne , the battell in warre , and the forlorne hope in the want of remedie . two vsefull obseruations may hence be deduced . . that warre at some times is iust and necessarie ; indeed iust when it is necessarie ; as here . for shall it come to the gates , and shall we not meet it ? yea shall wee not meet it before it come neere the gates ? there is then a season when warre is good and lawfull . saint augustine obserues , that when the souldiers , among the rest of the people , came to iohn the baptist to be catechised : what shall we doe ? he did not bid them leaue off being souldiers , but taught them to be good souldiers . doe violence to no man , neither accuse anie falsely , and be content with your wages . milites instruit , militare non prohibet : hee directs them to be good men , not forbids them to bee warlike men . god himselfe is termed a man of warre : and hee threatens warre : the lord hath sworne that hee will haue warre with amalek from generation to generation . manie of the philistins , canaanites , and sidonians were left to teach israel warre . luxuriant animi rebus plerumque secundis . too much warmth of prosperitie hatcheth vp luxurie . there must be some exercise , lest mens spirits grow restie . the standing water turnes to putrefaction . and vertue is no vertue but in action . sings the diuine poet. idlenesse doth neither get , nor saue , but loose . if execise be good , those are best which tend to most good . the exercises of warre steppe in here , to challenge their deserued praise . as with woodden wasters men learne to play at the sharpe : so practise in times of peace makes readie for the time of warre . it is good to be doing , that when satan comes , inueniat occupatum ; he may find thee honestly busied . the bird so long as she is vpon wing , flying in the aire , is safe from the fowler : but when the sits lasie on a tree , pruning her feathers , a little shot quickly fetcheth her downe . so long as we are well exercised , the deuill hath not so faire a marke of vs : but idle , we lie prostrate obiects to all the shot of his temptations . now there are two cautions obserueable in the iustnesse of warres . . that they be vndertaken iusta causa , vpon iust and warrantable cause . . that they be prosecuted bono animo , with an honest mind . . the cause must be iust . for frangit & attollit vires in milite causa . the cause doth either encourage or discourage the souldier , indeede it makes or marres all . this iust cause is threefold , well comprised in that verse , paxpopuli , patriaeque salus , & gloria regni . the peace of the people , the health of the countrey , and the glorie of the kingdome . . the peace of the people : for wee must aime by warre to make way for peace . we must not desire truce to this end , that wee may gather force against an vniust warre : but wee desire a iust warre , that wee may settle a true peace . so ioab heartned his brother abishai and the choise men of israel against the syrians . be of good courage , and let vs play the men , for our people , and for the cities of our god. . the health and safetie of our countrey : periclitantur aliqui , ne pereant omnes , some must beendangered , that all may not be destroyed . and i would here , that the dull and heauie spirits of our rotten worldlings would consider . quorum causa ; for whose sake these worthy men spare neither their paines nor their purses , in this noble exercise . euen for theirs ; theirs , and their childrens , that so contemptibly iudge of them . if ware should be in the gates , whither would you runne for defence , where shrowd your selues , but vnder their colours which you haue despised ? who should keepe the vsurers money from pillaging ? all his obligations , morgages , and statutes from burning ? who should keepe the foggie epicure , in his soft chaire after a full meale fast asleepe ? who should maintaine the nice ladie in her caroch , whirling through the popular streetes ? who should reserue those delicate parlours , and adorned chambers from fire and flames ? who should saue virgins from rauishment , children from famishment , mothers from astonishment ? citie & countrey , temples and pallaces , traffickes and markets , ships and shops ; westminster-hall and the exchange , two of the richest acres of ground in england , from plowing vp ; from hauing it said , i am seges vbi troia fuit , corne groweth were london stood ; all from ruine ; who but the souldier vnder god ? the sword of god , and the sword of gideon ? . the glorie of the kingdome , and that is euangelium christi , the gospel of iesus christ. warres for god are called gods battells . the destruction of their cities that reuolt from god to idols , and the whole spoile , is for the lord : it is the lords battell , and the lords spoile . deut. . saul thus encouraged dauid to warre ; be thou valiant for me , and fight the lords battells . the most and best warriours were called the sonnes of god. so abraham , moses , dauid , ioshua , gedeon ; and that centurion was a man of warre , whose praise christ so sounded forth in the gospel , i haue not found so great faith , no , not in israel . and the best warres are for god : so christians beare in their ensignes the crosse , to shew that they fight for the honour of iesus christ. when therefore there is hazard to loose the peace of the people , the safetie of the countrey , the glorie of all , the gospel of our sauiour christ ; here is iust cause of warre . they that goe forth to fight vpon these termes , shall conquer . causa iubet melior superos sperare secundos . a good cause giues assurance of victorie . god shall martiall that armie , yea himselfe will sight for them . . the next caution , after a good ingression , is to be sure of a good prosecution . wee say of the chirurgion , that he should haue a ladies hand , and a lyons heart : but the christian souldier should haue a ladies heart , and a lyons hand . i meane , though hee deale valiant blowes , yet not destroy without compassion . fortitudo virtus bellica , man suetudo virtus bella . though manfulnesse be a warlike vertue , yet gentlenesse is a christian vertue . the sword should not bee bloudied , but in the heat of battell . and after victorie , when a souldier lookes on the dead bodies of his enemies , pittie should sit in his eyes rather then insultation . hee should not strike the yeelding , nor prey vpon prostrate fortunes . i know that diuers aspersions are cast vpon men of this ranke , they thinke that manie take armes , non vt seruiant , sed vt soeuiant ; not to serue for their countrey , but to rage and forrage : making their cote-armour a defence for drinking , whoring , swearing , dicing ; and such disorders . as if it were imposible , that a tender conscience should dwell in one bosome with a valiant heart . olim castra quasi casta dicebantur ; quia castratur in ijs libido . the campe seemed to take the denomination , saith hee , from chastitie ; because in the warres lust was beaten downe . but now venus is gotten into the armes of mars . militat omnis amans , & habet sua castra cupido . cupid hath displayed his colours , and pitched his tent in the midst of the armie ; as if it were the onely brauerie of a souldier , to drinke valiant healths to his mistresse . one writes of the turkes , that though they are the most monstrous beasts at home in peace , and sinne euen against nature : yet in warres caute & caste viuunt , they liue charily and chastly . not as the fryers say , caute si non caste : the turkes are better then the fryers in this . vitia sua domi deponunt , saith hee : they leaue all their naughtinesse behind them at home . but he addes withall to our reproch , christianus assumit : the christians there take vp those vices , as if they found them sowne in a pitched field . that there is often , saith he , grauior turba meretricum , quam militum : it is hard to iudge , whether the number of souldiers or of harlots be greater . hence it is said , that rara fides pietasque viris , qui castra sequuntur . there is so little fidelitie and pietie in men that follow the warres . these be the common inuectiues against souldiers . but now doe not manie taxe them , that are worse themselues ? who can endure to heare an vsurer taxe a pillager ? an epicure find fault with a drinker ? a man-eating oppressor with a gaming souldier ? quis tulerit gracchum de seditione loquentem ? who can abide to heare gracchus declaine against sedition ? or the foxe preach peace to the geese ? say that some are faultie : must therefore the whole profession be scandalized ? will you despise the word of god , because some that preach it are wicked men ? no ; dent ocyus omnes , quas meruere pati , sic stet sententia poenas . lay the fault where it should lie : be they onely blamed that deserued it . some persons may be reproueable , but the profession is honourable . the martialist may be a good christian : in all likelyhood should be the best christian. mors semper in oculo , therefore should be semper in animo . how should death be out of that mans mind , that hath it alwayes in his eye ? his verie calling teacheth him to expound saint paul ; who calls the christians life a warfare . his continuall dangers to the good souldier , are as it were so many meditations of death . if he die in peace , he falls breast to breast with vertue . if in warre , yet he dies more calmely then many an vsurer doth in his chamber . though he be conquered , yet he is a conqueror : he may loose the day in an earthly field , but he winnes the day against sinne , satan , and hell ; and sings with paul , like a dying swan ; i haue fought a good fight , i haue finished my course , i haue kept the faith ; now there is layd vp for me a crowne of righteousnesse . . the other inference that may hence be deduced , is this , that munition and armes should at all times be in readinesse . how grieuous was it , when iabin had such an host , and not a shield or speare among fortie thousand in israel ? for our selues , wee haue not our peace by patent ; we know not how long it will continue : let vs prouide for warre , in trayning vp some to militarie practises . if warre doe come , it is a labour well spent : if warre doe not come , it is a labour very well lost . wise men in faire weather repaire their houses against winter stormes ; the ant labours in haruest , that she may feast at christmasse . diu apparandum est bellum , vt vincas celerius ; be long in preparing for warre , that thou mayest ouercome with more speed : longa belli praeparatio celerem facit victoriam ; a long preparation makes a short and quicke victorie . tut wee say , if that day comes , wee shall haue souldiers enow ; wee will all fight . o dulce bellum inexpertis ; they that neuer tried it , thinke it a pleasure to fight . wee shall fight strangely , if wee haue no weapons ; and vse our weapons more strangely , if we haue no skill : non de pugna , sed de fuga cogitant , qui nudi in acie exponuntur ad vulnera ; their mindes are not so much of fighting , as on flying , that are exposed to the furie of warre without weapons ; neyther will all be souldiers that dare talke of warres : non dat tot pugna socios , quot dat mensa conviuas ; all that are your fellow guests at the table , will not be your fellow souldiers in the field . could any tongue forbeare to taxe the rich men of this honourable citie , if their houses be altogether furnished with plate , hangings , and carpets , and not at all with weapons and armour , to defend the common-wealth ? how fondly doe they loue their riches , that will not lay out a little to secure the rest ? when the turke inuaded the greeke empire ; before the siege was layed to constantinople , the metropolitane citie , the emperour sollicites the subiects to contribute somewhat to the repaire of the walls , and such militarie prouision and preuention : but the subiects drew backe , and pleaded want . hereupon the turke enters , and conquers : and in ransacking the citie , when he found such aboundance of wealth in priuate houses , hee lift vp his hands to heauen , and blessed himselfe , that they had so much riches , and would suffer themselues to be taken , for not vsing them . so if euer london should be surprised by her enemies , which the wonted mercies of our god defend for euer ; would they not wonder to finde such infinite treasures in your priuate houses , when yet you spent none of them to prouide shield or speare , munition to defend your selues ? what scope can you imagine , or propound to your owne hearts wherein your riches may doe you seruice ? you can tell me , nay i can tell you . you reserue one bagge for pride , another for belly-cheare , another for lust , yet another for contention and sutes in law . o the madnesse of vs englishmen ! wee care not what wee spend in ciuill iarres , that yet will spend nothing to avoid forraine warres . they say , the iew will spend all on his pasches , the barbarian on his nuptialls , and the christian on his quarrels , or law-sutes . we need not make our selues enemies by our riches , we haue enow made to our hands . christ sayes ; make you friends of the mammon of vnrighteousnesse . make to your selues friends by your charitie , not aduersaries by your litigation . seeke peace , saith the prophet , and pursue it : seeke peace , warre will come fast enough . and if it doe come , it will hardly bee made welcome . the spaniards haue often threatned , often assaulted ; euer beene preuented , euer infatuated . take we heed , if they doe preuaile , they will be reuenged once for all . god grant we neuer trie their mercie . whether they come like lyons rampant , or like foxes passant , or like dogges couchant , they intend nothing but our ruine and desolation . o lord , if we must fall by reason of our monstrous sinnes , let thine owne hand cast vs downe , not theirs : for there is mercie in thy blowes . when that wofull offer was made to dauid , of three things ; chuse thee one of them , that i may doe it vnto thee . either seuen yeares famine , or three moneths persecution , or three dayes plague . he answered vnto gad , and by him vnto god : i am in a wonderfull straite : but suddenly resolues ; let vs now fall into the hands of the lord , for his mercies are great ; and let mee not fall into the hands of man. if it bee thy will , o lord to plague vs , take the rodde into thine owne hands : doe thou strike vs. — liceat perituro viribus ignis , igne perire tuo ; clademque authore leuare . why shouldst thou sell vs into the hands of those idolatrous romists , that will giue thine honour to stockes and stones ; blesse this or that saint and not be thankefull to thy maiestie , that giues them the victorie . for thine owne sake , be mercifull to vs ; yea thou hast beene mercifull : therefore wee praise thee ; and sing with thy apostle : thankes be to god , which giueth vs the victorie , through iesus christ our lord. i haue held you long in the battell : it is now high time to sound a retreat . but as i haue spoken much of israels affliction , so giue me leaue to speake one word of the prophetesses affection : and of this onely by way of exhortation . my heart is set on the gouernours of israel , that offered themselues willingly among the people : blesse ye the lord. here is considerable both subiectum in quo. both obiectum in quod. the subiect in which this affection resides : and the obiect on which this affection reflects . the subiect wherein it abides is cor , the heart : a great zeale of loue . not onely affectio cordis , but cor affectionis : not onely the affection of the heart , but the heart of affection . my heart is set . the obiect on which it reflects is double ; man and god , the excellent creature , and the most excellent creator : the men of god , and the god of men . vpon men ; my heart is towards the gouernours of israel , that offered themselues willingly among the people . vpon god ; blesse ye the lord. among men two sorts are obiected to this loue : superiors in the first place , inferiors in the later . to the commanders primarily , but not onely : for if they offered themselues willingly among the people , as we reade it : then certainely the people also willingly offered themselues , as the other translations reade it : those that were willing amongst the people . you see , here is a foundation laid for a great and ample building of discourse ; but i know you looke to the glasse , therefore promise nothing but application . and that . to the gouernours of our israel ; that they offer themselues willingly to these militarie designes : not on compulsion ; quoniam probitate coacta , gloria nulla venit . his brows deserue no wreathed coronet that is enforced : come with a willing mind . in euerie good worke there must be sollicitudo in effectu , and feruor in affectu : cheerefulnesse in the affection , and carefulnesse in the action . god loues a cheerefull giuer : so thou gainest no small thing by it , but euen the loue of god. whatsoeuer good thing thou doest , saith augustine , doe it cheerefully and willingly , and thou doest it well . si autem cum tristitia facis , de te sit , non tu facis : if thou doest it heauily and grudgingly , it is wrought vpon thee , not by thee : thou art rather the patient then the agent in it . god could neuer endure a luke-warme affection . reuelat. . no man was admitted to offer to the building of the tabernacle , that did it grudgingly . of euery man that giueth it willingly with his heart , ye shall take my offering . in all thy gifts shew a cheerefull countenance , saith the wiseman : in all , whether to god or man. saint chrysostome giues the reason ; cum tali vultu respicit deus , cum quali tu facis . god respects it with such a countenance as thou performest it . gods seruice is libera seruitus , where not necessitie but charitie serues . non complacet deo famulatus coactus . god could neuer endure forc'd seruice . doe all then with willingnesse of heart . thinke with a reuerend courage of your noble ancestors , how their prowesse renowned themselues and this whole nation . shew your selues the legitimate and true borne children of such fathers . the fame of alexander gaue heart to iulius caesar , to be the more noble a warriour . let the consideration of their valour teach you to shake off cowardize . they fought the battells , that you might enioy the peace . you holde it an honour to beare armes in your scutchions ; and is it a dishonour to beare armes in the field ? the time hath beene , when all honour in england came a marte or mercurio ; from learning or chiualrie , from the pen or the pike , from priesthood or knighthood . it would bee an vnknowne encouragement to goodnesse , if honour still might not bee dealed but vpon those termes . then should manie worthie spirits get vp the high-gate of preferment : and idle drones should not come neerer then the dunstable high-way of obscuritie . it was a monstrous storie , that nicippus his sheepe did bring forth a lyon : but it is too true , that manie of our english lyons haue brought forth sheepe . among birds you shall neuer see a pigeon hatch'd in an eagles neast : among men you shall often see noble progenitors bring forth ignoble cowards . but let vertue be renowned , rewarded , wheresoeuer shee dwells . though bion was the sonne of a courtesan , i hope no man will censure him with partus sequitur ventrem . non genus sed genius : non gens sed mens . neuer speake of thy bloud , but of thy good : not of thy nobilitie , thou art beholding to thy friends for it , but of thy vertue . euen the duke fetcheth the honour of his name from the warres ; and is but dux , a captaine . and it seemes the difference was so small betweene a knight and a common souldier , among the romanes ; that they had but one word , miles , to expresse both their names . you then that haue the places of gouernment in this honourable citie , offer willingly your hands , your purses , your selues , to this noble exercise . your good example shall hearten others : be not ashamed to be seene among the people ; vpon such did debora set her heart . alexander would vsually call his meanest souldiers , friends and companions . tullie writes of caesar , that he was neuer heard speaking to his souldiers ; ite illuc , goe thither : but venite hu● , come hither : i will goe with you . the inferior thinkes that labour much easier , which hee sees his captaine take before him . malus miles qui imperatorem gemens sequitur : hee is an ill souldier that followes a good leader with a dull pace . so gedeon to his souldiers , iudg. . looke on me , and do likewise : when i come to the outside of the campe , it shall be that as i doe , so shall yee doe . so abimelech to his men of armes , iudg. . what yee haue seene me doe , make hast , and doe as i haue done . the good captaine is first in giuing the charge , and last in retiring his foote . hee endures equall toile with the common souldiers : from his example they all take fire , as one torch lighteth many . and so much for the gouernours . . now for you that are the materialls of all this , let me say to you without flatterie ▪ goe forth with courage in the feare of god , and the lord be with you . preserue vnitie among your selues : left as in a towne on fire , whiles all good hands are helping to quench it , theeues are most busie to steale booties : so whilst you contend , murmur , or repine one at the honour of another , that subtile theefe satan , through the cracke of your diuisions , step in , and steale away your peace . offer your selues willingly ; and being offered step not backe . remember that turpe est militem fugere ; it is base for a souldier to flye . when bias was enuironed with his enemies , and his souldiers asked him , what shall we doe ? he replyed , goe ye and tell the liuing that i die fighting , and i will tell the dead that you did scape flying . our chronicles report , that when william the conqueror landed at pemsey neere to hastings in sussex , hee commanded all his ships to be sunke : that all hope of returning backe might be frustrate . you haue begun well ; goe on , be perfect , be blessed . and remember alwayes the burden of this song , which euerie thing that hath breath must sing ; blesse ye the lord. those heauenly souldiers that waited on the natiuitie of iesus christ , sung this song ; glorie be to god on high . vpon this lord the heart of debora , of israel , of vs all , should be set . it is he that teacheth vs to fight , and fighteth for vs. to conclude with an obseruation of a reuerend diuine : england was said to haue a warlike saint , george ; but bellarmine snibbes iacobus de voragine for his leaden legend of our english george . and others haue inueighed against the authentike truth of that storie . sure it is their malice , that haue robbed england of her saint . saint iames is for spaine , saint denis for france , saint patricke for ireland ; other saints are allotted and allowed for other countreyes : onely poore england is bereaued of her george : they leaue none but god to reuenge our quarrells . i thinke it is a fauour and an honour , and wee are bound to thanke them for it . let them take their saints , giue vs the lord ; blesse ye the lord. so let vs pray with our church , giue peace in our time o lord ; for there is none that fighteth for vs , but thou o god. to this mercifull god be all glorie , obedience , and thanksgiuing , now and for euer . amen . finis . notes, typically marginal, from the original text notes for div a -e iosh. . . exod. . . . king. . . aug. deut. . . eph. . . exod. . . theodoret. . cor . . act. . . exod. . . psal. . . ver. . iosh. . . king. . . ver. . . king. . . sam. . . aeneid . ii. psal. . . matth. . . esa. . . . king. . . psal. . phil. . . . sam. . . luke . ● . luke . . exod. . . iudg. . . sam. . . iudg. . . . sam. . . mat. . . isidor . . tim. . . sen. veget. de re militari , lib. . cap. . luke . . . sam. . . . cor. . . exod. . iudg. . . iudg. . . luke . . . a proclamation prohibiting his majesties subjects to enter into the service of foreign princes and lands james r. england and wales. sovereign ( - : james ii) approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : - (eebo-tcp phase ). a wing j estc r ocm this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, - ; : ) a proclamation prohibiting his majesties subjects to enter into the service of foreign princes and lands james r. england and wales. sovereign ( - : james ii) james ii, king of england, - . sheet ([ ] p.) printed by charles bill, henry hills, and thomas newcomb ..., london : / . reproduction of original in huntington library. broadside. at head of title: "by the king." at end of text:" given at our court at whitehall the second day of march / ." created by converting tcp files to tei p using tcp tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between and available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the , texts created during phase of the project have been released into the public domain as of january . anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. % (or pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf- unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p , characters represented either as utf- unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng mercenary troops -- controversial literature -- early works to . soldiers of fortune -- controversial literature. broadsides - tcp assigned for keying and markup - spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images - elspeth healey sampled and proofread - elspeth healey text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion diev et mon droit by the king , a proclamation prohibiting his majesties subjects to enter into the service of foreign princes and states . james r. whereas the king 's most excellent majesty hath been advertised , that divers of his majesties natural born subjects , as well mariners as others , have and daily do depart this kingdom , and betake themselves to the service of foreign princes and states without licence had and obtained in that behalf from his majesty , in manifest contempt of his royal authority , tending to the disservice of his majesty , and prejudice of his kingdoms , dominions and countries : for redress whereof for the present , and for the preventing the like mischief for the future , the king 's most excellent majesty by this his royal proclamation by and with the advice of his privy council , doth streightly prohibit and forbid all and every person and persons of what quality , degree , or condition soever ( being his majesties natural born subjects ) from entering into , or listing themselves in the service or pay of any foreign prince or state ; and doth hereby streightly charge and command them and every of them upon their bounden and known duty and allegiance , that they or any of them do not from henceforth withdraw him or themselves , or depart from this his majesties kingdom of england , or any other his majesties realms or dominions , for or in order to the entering or listing him or themselves into pay , or otherwise betake him or themselves to the service of any foreign prince or state either by sea or land , without due licence first had and obtained in that behalf : to all which his majesty will expect , and doth require due obedience and conformity , and doth hereby publish and declare , that all offenders to the contrary shall not only incur his majesties just displeasure , but be proceeded against by seizure of their goods , persons and estates , and otherwise according to the utmost severity of law. and further his majesty doth hereby authorize and command all and every his governours , and other officers of his forts , and all and every the captains , masters , and other officers serving and employed in any of his majesties ships or vessels at sea , and all other his majesties subjects whatsoever whom it may concern , from time to time to stop and make stay of all and every such person and persons as shall endeavour to transport , or to enter or list him or themselves into the service of any foreign prince or state by sea or by land contrary to the true intent and meaning of this his majesties royal proclamation , and also to seize upon , take and bring back all such persons aforesaid as shall endeavour or attempt to transport , or to enter or list him or themselves in the service of any foreign prince or state as aforesaid , either by sea or land , as they his majesties said officers , commanders and subjects will answer the contrary at their utmost perils . given our court at whitehall the second day of march / in the fourth year of our reign . god save the king . london , printed by charles bill , henry hills , and thomas newcomb , printers to the king 's most excellent majesty . / . may . . for as much as the inhabitants of pauls church yard are much disturbed by the souldiers and others, ... barkstead, john, d. . this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a of text r in the english short title catalog (thomason .f. [ ]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from -bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo a wing b thomason .f. [ ] estc r this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons . universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase , no. a ) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set ) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; : f [ ]) may . . for as much as the inhabitants of pauls church yard are much disturbed by the souldiers and others, ... barkstead, john, d. . blundell, benjamin. sheet ([ ] p.) s.n., [london : ] title from opening words of text. signed at end: iohn barkestead, benjamin blundell. imprint from wing. reproduction of the original in the british library. eng soldiers -- england -- early works to . great britain -- history -- commonwealth and protectorate, - -- early works to . london (england) -- history -- th century -- early works to . a r (thomason .f. [ ]). civilwar no may . . for as much as the inhabitants of pauls churchyard are much disturbed by the souldiers and others, ... barkstead, john a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. - tcp assigned for keying and markup - spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images - john pas sampled and proofread - john pas text and markup reviewed and edited - pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion may . . for as much as the inhabitants of pauls church yard are much disturbed by the souldiers and others , calling out to passingers , and examining them ( though they goe peaceably and civilly along ) and by playing at nine pinnes at unseasonable houres ; these are therefore to command all souldiers and others whom it may concerne , that hereafter there shall bee no examining and calling out to persons that go peaceably on their way , unlesse they doe approach their gaurds , and likewise to forbeare playing at nine pinnes and other sports , from the houre of nine of the clocke in the evening , till six in the morning , that so persons that are weake and indisposed to rest , may not be disturbed . given under our hands the day and yeare above written . iohn barkestead . benjamin blundell .