Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 39 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6534 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 72 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 New 27 York 27 Mr. 25 illustration 18 United 17 States 14 England 14 Dr. 13 Professor 12 time 11 scientific 10 year 9 work 9 man 9 american 9 Europe 9 Company 8 great 7 St. 7 AMERICAN 6 University 6 South 6 Science 6 London 6 John 6 American 5 Patent 5 Massachusetts 5 France 4 water 4 Paris 4 Ohio 4 Office 4 Footnote 4 Boston 3 nature 3 machine 3 jewish 3 find 3 air 3 Washington 3 San 3 Russia 3 Prof. 3 Philadelphia 3 New York 3 Nature 3 Jews 3 India 3 Government Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 4458 time 3457 year 3029 work 2985 man 2491 water 2336 part 2275 day 2197 experience 2119 language 2072 way 1939 people 1863 illustration 1775 life 1772 number 1770 foot 1732 world 1704 form 1687 air 1682 end 1644 place 1537 fact 1535 case 1531 machine 1528 hand 1465 power 1451 use 1435 line 1399 country 1363 book 1361 literacy 1339 one 1332 thing 1332 purpose 1331 engine 1325 system 1234 science 1205 result 1202 point 1184 side 1179 condition 1175 mean 1153 method 1144 steam 1143 iron 1142 paper 1069 order 1035 word 1022 city 996 inch 980 child Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 11254 _ 2348 New 1663 Mr. 1638 York 1225 J. 1141 W. 1093 C. 1044 H. 1009 States 1004 Perry 970 . 949 A. 901 Pp 894 | 864 M. 823 United 815 N. 783 E. 776 S. 761 F. 761 Dr. 736 D. 722 Professor 704 England 639 American 622 B. 607 Lester 600 G. 571 R. 534 St. 517 America 513 Co. 512 L. 503 State 502 Company 499 CO 496 Suzanne 483 Europe 465 London 464 John 456 P. 447 Y. 417 University 414 Paris 406 Boston 401 C 382 Science 381 AMERICAN 364 South 364 Fig Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 22654 it 12098 he 8218 they 7381 i 7225 we 4648 them 4523 you 2873 him 2589 she 1538 us 1261 me 902 himself 868 itself 848 her 761 themselves 431 one 166 ourselves 138 myself 97 herself 77 ''s 53 yourself 41 ''em 26 mine 25 ours 23 oneself 22 theirs 21 yours 16 his 14 thee 11 eva 8 hers 8 em 3 yourselves 3 ten 2 yew 2 ya 2 y.--the 2 wis.--this 2 g.--they 1 years.--rev 1 yap 1 wis.--there 1 wigwam 1 wheels 1 verse,-- 1 tactile 1 pelf 1 p 1 o 1 m Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 89750 be 22835 have 6808 make 6381 do 4245 say 3409 take 3272 give 2911 find 2845 use 2769 see 2681 go 2672 know 2506 come 2134 show 2127 get 1912 become 1528 call 1374 seem 1345 think 1312 look 1311 work 1237 pass 1229 follow 1212 keep 1212 bring 1196 set 1188 send 1149 put 1142 produce 1117 describe 1117 carry 1081 write 1049 leave 1030 turn 1030 require 1007 hold 973 begin 932 form 931 appear 925 build 911 want 876 run 869 receive 838 place 829 lead 814 contain 801 tell 801 reach 788 increase 750 move Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 12448 not 5119 more 4686 other 4302 so 3551 only 3338 great 3337 up 3041 very 2878 well 2871 new 2820 many 2808 first 2765 as 2677 out 2647 then 2586 most 2491 such 2440 now 2349 much 2292 same 2268 also 2257 long 2163 good 2133 large 2110 even 2029 little 1657 high 1613 human 1537 small 1510 own 1407 down 1385 still 1379 practical 1372 here 1338 different 1332 less 1310 just 1287 old 1265 thus 1254 far 1222 about 1193 scientific 1156 few 1131 too 1100 however 1064 back 1027 never 1013 off 1002 almost 990 again Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 855 good 542 most 534 least 291 great 241 high 163 large 112 early 99 Most 90 late 82 low 72 slight 66 small 61 simple 61 near 58 fine 52 bad 51 cheap 47 old 33 strong 29 long 24 fit 23 short 22 heavy 21 big 19 deep 18 pure 18 manif 18 common 18 close 17 young 17 rich 15 safe 15 noble 13 new 13 fast 12 tall 12 hot 12 hard 11 full 11 broad 10 narrow 10 light 9 wide 9 easy 9 brief 9 able 8 wise 8 weak 8 topmost 8 quick Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2044 most 118 well 98 least 5 worst 3 near 3 long 3 highest 3 hard 2 latest 2 broadest 1 youngest 1 tallest 1 furthest 1 fast 1 cheapest Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 www.gutenberg.org 3 craphound.com 2 www.nanothinc.com 2 www.gutenberg.net 2 www.foresight.org 2 archive.org 1 www.well.com 1 www.pgdpcanada.net 1 www.nadin.ws 1 www.columbia.edu 1 www.bs.unicatt.it 1 www.ariadne.knee.kioto-u.ac.jp 1 creativecommons.org Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 2 http://www.nanothinc.com/webmaster 2 http://craphound.com/makers/donate 1 http://www.well.com 1 http://www.pgdpcanada.net 1 http://www.nadin.ws/publications/books 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/45269/45269-h/45269-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/45269/45269-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/46383 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/45938 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/45361 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/45115 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44880 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/5/8/2/25822/25822-h/25822-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/5/8/2/25822/25822-h.zip 1 http://www.foresight.org/webmaster@foresight.org 1 http://www.foresight.org 1 http://www.columbia.edu/~rh120/ch106 1 http://www.bs.unicatt.it/bibliotecavirtuale.html 1 http://www.ariadne.knee.kioto-u.ac.jp 1 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ 1 http://craphound.com/makers/buy 1 http://archive.org/details/inventionsofgrea00bondrich 1 http://archive.org Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 5 kettlewell-l@skunkworks.kodacell.com 4 schurch@sjmercury.com 2 nadin@utdallas.edu 2 freemakers@gmail.com 2 doctorow@craphound.com 1 webmaster@foresight.org 1 pgibbons@hollywood.ride 1 honestfred@techstink.co.uk 1 deathw@deathwait.er Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 language is not 9 world has ever 7 _ is not 6 people do not 5 experiences take place 5 language does not 4 * have * 4 * is * 4 * was * 4 _ do _ 4 case is different 4 experience takes place 4 time is not 4 water does not 3 * are * 3 * do * 3 _ are _ 3 _ did _ 3 _ is _ 3 _ was not 3 _ work _ 3 day was over 3 experiences are not 3 experiences become more 3 man did not 3 man does not 3 man has ever 3 men do not 3 numbers were down 3 people do n''t 3 power is not 3 power is now 3 time was not 3 time went on 3 water is very 3 world is already 3 world is not 2 * know * 2 * see * 2 * were * 2 _ are no 2 _ are not 2 _ are respectfully 2 _ did not 2 _ do not 2 _ is devoted 2 _ is generally 2 _ is very 2 _ see _ 2 _ sends compliments Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 time is not far 2 experiences are no longer 2 language is not only 1 * have no right 1 _ are no doubt 1 _ are no longer 1 _ are not alluring 1 _ are not rare 1 _ did not even 1 _ had no wings 1 _ is not atmospheric 1 _ is not conducive 1 _ is not poisonous 1 _ is not rare 1 _ was not at 1 _ was not well 1 _ were not new 1 case is not much 1 case were not able 1 day are not unknown 1 day is not far 1 ends is not equal 1 experience are not anonymous 1 experienced is not reducible 1 experiences are not adequate 1 experiences are not even 1 facts are not intrinsically 1 facts were not separable 1 formed was not red 1 language are no longer 1 language are not easy 1 language are not identical 1 language does not necessarily 1 language is no longer 1 language is not at 1 language is not directly 1 language is not enough 1 language is not equal 1 language is not equivalent 1 language is not independent 1 language is not obscure 1 language is not politically 1 language is not reducible 1 language is not simultaneously 1 language is not well 1 language was no longer 1 language was not prepared 1 language were not distinguishable 1 lives are not often 1 machine has no vertical A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = 25822 author = Anonymous title = Illustrated Science for Boys and Girls date = keywords = August; City; Editor; Fig; Kitty; Mr.; New; Paul; Professor; Tom; great; illustration; light; like; little; paper summary = compact type, with very little space wasted in head lines, eight large the world, only little Nell cutting and pasting from old papers, a morning, the City Editor wants to lay out to-day''s work. When the copy comes up, a man takes it and cuts it up into little after type-setter comes and takes one of these little bits, and in a few umbrellas covered with large feathers that would shed rain like a "duck''s principal works, and there Paul saw great bins of horns, the different "Why, from the gas-works, of course," said Philip in a very superior way, fire from the little iron doors made the place look weird and ghostly. looked like a very large drum-shaped clock, with several different dials little plan of the metre on a piece of paper, and then went on to explain "These eggs are a little cool," said August, putting one up to his cheek. id = 44188 author = Baker, Ray Stannard title = Boys'' Second Book of Inventions date = keywords = Curie; Dumont; England; Hewitt; Japan; John; Lighthouse; Marconi; Milne; Mr.; Newfoundland; Professor; Santos; air; illustration summary = The practical mind at once sees radium in use as a new source of heat showing his men how to put up the great fan-like rudder of the ship next year, 1899, he built a new air-ship called Santos-Dumont II., and possibility of balloons, of motors, of light construction, of air [Illustration: The Work of the Great Earthquake of 1891 in Neo Valley, rush off to see Professor Milne every time there is news of a great conveyed as electricity over a copper wire, changed into heat and light by the electrical furnace, with its power of producing heat of untold method employed for coming at the heat of the electrical furnace, to the heavy work of men, producing the power which will help to turn And the time is coming--long-headed inventors saw it many years [Illustration: Machine for Burning the Air with Electric Arcs so as to Light--The New Electrical Converter--The Hewitt Interrupter_ id = 61055 author = Blackford, Charles Minor title = The Valley of the Masters date = keywords = Henry; Old; Ones; Theta summary = house of her father, an avocado Master, down in the lower valley. Henry stopped six feet Henry was taller than Ole, but thin and almost weak looking. Theta ran about fifty feet down the path, then turned to watch. Henry faced the girl. day, sneaking into deserted houses or taverns at night for food and of light through the trees as Henry approached it cautiously, Theta As far as they could see it was like the houses in their valley, only The moment Henry came within three feet of them they flew open, inwards. Perhaps that''s what happened in the other valley, thought Henry. What startled Henry was that they were _above_ the valley, looking down that looked like the apartment houses in Town. Henry and Theta slipped Henry stopped before him. The button, Henry knew, turned on as well as off. Henry stepped into the open, but not too close to them. id = 45269 author = Bond, A. Russell (Alexander Russell) title = Inventions of the Great War date = keywords = Allies; French; Germans; Underwood; Zeppelin; american; british; courtesy; fire; gas; gun; illustration; machine; scientific; shell; submarine summary = their principal use was to carry shell to the guns which were located If the long-range German gun was fired at that earth, the shell of long-range guns meet with less and less resistance The big 16-inch guns that protect our coasts fire a shell that weighs the German long-range gun was of but 8.2-inch caliber. It is likely that the long-range German gun was But although we built no such gun, after the Germans began shelling ago the British built three battle-ships, each fitted with two guns days, these gas shell were usually not fired by the Germans on lines The scouting-airplane carried a machine-gun, not for attack, but for U-boats, and even heavy guns with which they could fire shell. And so the machine-guns carried by airplanes were provided for a Zeppelin to use machine-guns against an airplane because the pursuing U-boat would stand off out of range of the ship''s guns and id = 34527 author = Doctorow, Cory title = Makers date = keywords = Boston; Christ; Church; Disney; Eva; Fantasyland; Florida; Francis; Freddy; Gibbons; Guignol; Hackelberg; Hilda; Kettlewell; Kodacell; Lester; Madison; Miami; New; Parks; Perry; Russia; Sammy; San; Suzanne; Tjan; Valley; Waits; World; come; death; good; know; like; little; look; ride; right; sure; thing; time; want; work summary = "Lead the way, Lester," Perry said, and gestured with an arm, deep "This is Lester''s workshop," Perry said, as they passed through a set corn-rows, nodded at Lester and Perry like an old friend. these things look like an old iPod. Before that happens, you want this "Don''t worry, you haven''t got anything on Lester," Perry said. "Where are you going?" Suzanne said as Perry looked "Lester Banks, you are the gayest straight man I know," Perry said. whatever they''ve got in their bellies?" Perry said, looking over his "You''ve got good kids," Perry said, handing Tjan a beer from the Perry got home that night and walked in on Lester and Suzanne. "Kettlewell isn''t going to like this," Suzanne said. "Looks like you''ve got a lot of help," Suzanne said, getting out a "I think I''d like to see that," Perry said, laughing a little. id = 60462 author = Fontenay, Charles L. title = Conservation date = keywords = Earth; Elfor; John; Phil summary = "Maybe Earth''s depopulated, Tom," suggested John Gray, the executive "Don''t fool with them, John," said Commander Wallace, who was tuned John got the commander on the car radio. "John Gray, executive officer of the starship Discovery, returned from a colonizing mission to Deneb III," said John, holding out his hand. will be escorted as deevs to Third Sarge Elfor, commander of the town "The Discovery left Earth 258 years ago," replied John. "You asked about space travel from Earth," said Elfor. "I don''t know what we''re in for, Tom," John said gravely into his "Deev John Gray, Third Sarge Elfor sends greetings and desires that you John and Ann had been back from a very routine conference with Elfor Phil and Fran were eager to know what John and Ann had learned from presented," said Third Sarge Elfor when John had offered his brief "You mean, is it atomic-powered?" asked John. id = 36768 author = Fyfe, J. Hamilton (James Hamilton) title = Triumphs of Invention and Discovery in Art and Science date = keywords = Arkwright; Bell; Crompton; Davy; England; France; Fulton; George; Hill; India; James; John; London; Mr.; Paris; Robert; Stephenson; Tale; Watt; art; day; great; invention; man; old; steam; time; work; year summary = in its working, to the first-class printing machine of our own day, the fruit of long years of patient thought and work, the other the Watt''s invention of the steam engine, the other the great popular revolt war, will find that Watt''s steam machine worked the greatest revolution improvements in the steam engine; but his great invention forms the thoughts, and nearly all his time, were given up to the great work he upon the mule was £300,000 a-year, or more than £1000 a working day. got his locomotive built and set to work, brought his ballast engine whether the new line should be worked by steam or horse power. time, the rock on which he had to work was at a greater distance from thirty men, I have spent many a weary day and night, at those times invention of the steam-engine, and the improvement of manufacturing id = 40276 author = Hale, Edward Everett title = Stories of Invention, Told by Inventors and their Friends date = keywords = Archimedes; Bacon; Bessemer; Colonel; Dr.; Edgeworth; England; France; Franklin; Fritz; Fryer; Fulton; Henry; John; London; Mr.; New; Sir; Stephenson; Uncle; Virgilius; Watt; Whitney; engine; great; man; time; work summary = work of such young people now is different from what it was thirty years said that the New Englanders had a great deal of adventurous old Norse So soon as the old man came home, he called to his son for his books, of _England_ had a great part of _France_ which they held a long time, The invention of the steam-engine by Watt, and the applications of it to child invented the steam-engine, from observing the motion of the top of steam-engine to the point where Watt took hold of it. long and laborious years to work out the details of the engine. successive year''s experience proves more fully, the great advantages sufficient time to get the locomotives into good working order, the working models of steam-engines and other apparatus required for the persons came to see my active little steam-engine at work; and they were noiseless work of the great steam-engine there. id = 40782 author = Museum of History and Technology (U.S.) title = Smithsonian Institution - United States National Museum - Bulletin 240 Contributions From the Museum of History and Technology Papers 34-44 on Science and Technology date = keywords = American; Baltimore; Bertolla; Bollman; Borghesi; Charles; Coast; Company; Division; Dr.; Duryea; Father; Frank; Fulton; Geodetic; History; Institution; June; London; Museum; National; Navy; New; Paris; Peirce; Pioneer; Railroad; River; September; Smithsonian; States; Survey; Technology; U.S.; United; Washington; York; figure; illustration summary = American engineers and mechanics were working diligently to develop [Illustration: FIGURE 8.--DRAWING OF 1885 BENZ engine, showing [Illustration: FIGURE 20.--PISTON AND CONNECTING ROD of second engine. [Illustration: Figure 1.--THE DIAL PLATE of the Borghesi clock, showing [Illustration: Figure 8.--THE BORGHESI CLOCK in the Museum of History Borghesi was working on yet another astronomical clock, this time [Illustration: Figure 20.--TWO VIEWS OF BOLLMAN-BUILT "water-pipe truss" [Illustration: Figure 3.--SCALE MODEL of _Steam Battery_, showing double [Illustration: Figure 11.--HOOSAC TUNNEL survey crew at engineering [Illustration: Figure 12.--WORKS AT THE CENTRAL SHAFT, HOOSAC TUNNEL, [Illustration: Figure 6.--THE RESULT of early pendulum experiments was pendulum in front of a seconds clock and determined the time of swing by [Illustration: Figure 12.--THE KATER CONVERTIBLE PENDULUM in use is [Illustration: Figure 17.--REPSOLD-BESSEL REVERSIBLE PENDULUM apparatus [Illustration: Figure 19.--THREE PENDULUMS USED IN EARLY WORK at the [Illustration: Figure 20.--SUPPORT FOR THE PEIRCE PENDULUM, 1889. [92] "Pendulum Apparatus for Gravity Determinations," _Engineering_ id = 2481 author = Nadin, Mihai title = The Civilization of Illiteracy date = keywords = Age; America; BCE; Book; China; East; English; Europe; God; Greek; Industrial; Japan; John; Latin; London; New; Press; Revolution; Science; Soviet; USA; University; War; World; York; art; change; chinese; design; different; education; european; experience; form; history; human; individual; internet; japanese; know; language; life; literacy; mean; nature; need; people; practical; pragmatic; process; religion; result; scale; self; time; today; web; western; work; writing summary = practical experiences of human self-constitution in domains where Literacy and the means of human self-constitution based on it literacy affect cognitive processes, forms of human interaction, embodied in new human practical experiences. language-based practical experiences in use at the time and literacy-based human practical experiences of self-constitution with practical experiences of human self-constitution, market The pragmatic framework of human self-constitution in language Language is constituted in human practical experiences. experience of human self-constitution relies less on literacy and language experience, a coherent framework of pragmatic human the potential of literacy to support human practical experiences inhabiting human experiences of self-constitution in language. by self-constitutive practical experiences at the new human Writing, as a practical experience of human self-constitution, is known practical experiences-work, language, religion, market, different human practical experience of self-constitution. human practical experiences to the language of design, and from practical human experience related to literacy-and the id = 6139 author = Severing, Paul title = Marvels of Modern Science date = keywords = America; Burbank; Mars; New; States; United; York; chapter; distance; electric; foot; great; gun; long; mile; place; power; time; tunnel; water; world summary = steam engines and electricity were common in Egypt thousands of years charge takes place and is carried up into the air for a great height, energy as would be developed by a million horse power station working compressed air, water force or electricity, and, as has been said, Two great tunnels at the present time are being constructed in the that thousands of horse-power can be sent to great distances over small electricity supplied by transmitted water-power. of the power used at the present time is produced New York State has the largest water power development in the Union, feet of water per second to fall a distance of one foot or allow one cubic foot of water per second to fall a distance of twenty feet. In a great many cases in level country the water power can only be in light-grasping power brings millions of new stars into the range id = 18866 author = Various title = Scientific American, Volume 40, No. 13, March 29, 1879 A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures date = keywords = AMERICAN; Cooper; Mr.; New; St.; York; illustration; scientific summary = HOW OUR PATENT LAWS PROMOTE AND IMPROVE AMERICAN INDUSTRIES. to-day offers a wide field for every new practical invention, but I am Let American inventors be assured that any new invention, useful and The upper portion of the cylinder is lined with chilled iron plates, The accompanying engraving shows new form of stencil pen invented by an improved door bolt, recently patented by Mr. Thomas Hoesly, of New manufacturer wants a different kind of lock, the price for the work is low by the George Place Machinery Agency, 121 Chambers St., New York. P. Vertical Engine and Boiler (New York Safety Steam machine described in the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT patented? patent desired, and remit to Munn & Co., 37 Park Row, New York city. 2d hand Lathes, Drills, Planers, Hand Tools for Iron Work, new A New and Valuable Work for the Practical Mechanic and Engineer. MANUFACTURED by our NEW PATENT PROCESS. id = 19180 author = Various title = Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871 A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures. date = keywords = American; Boston; February; Massachusetts; Mr.; New; Ohio; Patent; Philadelphia; York; illustration; scientific summary = detailed many experiments, and ended by stating his opinion that iron The ends of the rope are prepared for making the splice (No. 29) in the same manner as for the "shroud" knot in No. 32. a new era for the steam engine." But, as it is so very simple, we can wood-working machine, published on page 79, Vol. XIII. wood-working machines now in use. Our recent articles on "Scientific Destitution in New York" and "The a requisite for perfection in steam engines, it has opened a new era invention relates to a new and useful improvement in feed bags for BURDON IRON WORKS.--Manufacturers of Pumping Engines for Water Works, Brooklyn Steam Engine Works, cor. rear 59 Ann st., New York city; and at Novelty Iron Works, corner of And Re-Sawing Machines, Wood and Iron Working Machinery, Engines, GEORGE PLACE & CO., Manufacturers and Dealers in Wood and Iron Working id = 19406 author = Various title = Scientific American, Volume XXXVI., No. 8, February 24, 1877 A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures. date = keywords = AMERICAN; Boston; IMPROVED; Iron; Leibnitz; Mr.; New; New York; Office; Papin; Patent; Philadelphia; SUPPLEMENT; St.; States; Street; United; York; illustration; scientific; water; work; year summary = work on color, states that "the chemical processes in plants, as far yellow ray to decompose carbonic acid; and this fact Professor J.W. Draper discovered a long time ago by the direct use of the spectrum. machines, and also to permit the use of steam engines; accordingly, patented machines or processes for years in some out of the way place discovered any new or useful art, machine, manufacture or composition CROTON WATER SUPPLY FOR THE CITY OF NEW YORK: an Address by George B. William Maynard, New York city.--This invention relates to an improved NEW MECHANICAL AND ENGINEERING INVENTIONS. of same place.--In this machine there is a new construction of the electrical machines, have removed to 530 Water St., N.Y. For Best Presses, Dies, and Fruit Can Tools, Bliss & Williams, cor. patent desired, and remit to Munn & Co., 37 Park Row, New York city. Moulding, and Re-Saw Machines, and Wood-Working Machinery generally. id = 21081 author = Various title = Scientific American, Volume XLIII., No. 25, December 18, 1880 A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures. date = keywords = American; Mr.; New; St.; Street; York; illustration; scientific summary = During the fall, or from "lighting up" time till about New Year''s day, The engraving shows a new hand power band saw made by Frank & Co., of schools in New York, Boston, Brooklyn, Philadelphia, Chicago, Baltimore, An engine of this kind will work well under a steam pressure of 50 Robertson, of New York city, has patented an improved purposes is patented, and the genuine are manufactured only by the H.W. Johns M''f''g Co., 87 Maiden Lane, New York. Machine Knives for Wood-working Machinery, Book Binders, and Paper WORLD MANUFACTURING CO., 122 Nassau Street, New York. A patented improvement of the former "New Pattern" Blake machine. twenty years connected with the manufacture of this machine, BELMONTYLE OIL CO., SOLE MANUFACTURERS, 150 Front Street, New York. Howard Manufacturing Co., Box 2295, New York. representing Engineering Works, Steam Machinery, New Inventions, Scientific American is now sent by post direct from New York, with id = 27867 author = Various title = Scientific American magazine, Vol. 2 Issue 1 The advocate of Industry and Journal of Scientific, Mechanical and Other Improvements date = keywords = Massachusetts; Mr.; New; Office; Patent; Railroad; SEC; States; United; York; illustration; machine; scientific; way summary = with cast iron rails of a new construction, invented by Mr. Imley. power applied for elevating buildings on large rocks, is the simple 2. "Patents are granted for any new and useful art, machine, use [of the invention,] prior to the application for a patent as than two years prior to such application for a patent."--Act of March country, without affecting his right to a patent in the United States, use in the United States prior to the application for such patent. 7. An invention can assign his right before a patent is obtained, a patent for his invention, "the right of applying for and obtaining inventions, except upon application for a Patent, no answer can be C. Holmes, says the United States Gazette, has invented a new The line between New York and Buffalo having been recently completed, Publishers of the Scientific American, New York City. id = 29411 author = Various title = Scientific American magazine Vol 2. No. 3 Oct 10 1846 The Advocate of Industry and Journal of Scientific, Mechanical and Other Improvements date = keywords = Commissioner; July; Mr.; New; Office; Patent; Pennsylvania; SEC; States; United; York; illustration; improvement; shall summary = To Charles Edward Jacot, of New York City, for improvement in Lever We have recently seen a model of a new Steam Printing Press, the Patent Office building on the aforesaid fifteenth day of December, or issue a new patent for the same invention or discovery, bearing the judicial court of the United States, and shall protect the rights of is claimed as new had before been invented or discovered or patented, Commissioner, shall entitle the applicant to a patent, he may appeal A cotton manufacturer in New-Haven lost his operatives, last week, by successful operation, a new machine, a description of which is given Publishers of the Scientific American, New York City. the improved filters noticed under the head of "New Inventions." production of new and useful discoveries, shall be protected under the Patent Office all the scientific works published and useful for [Illustration: hand pointing right]All city papers please copy, and id = 38480 author = Various title = Scientific American, Vol. XXXIX.—No. 24. [New Series.], December 14, 1878 A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures date = keywords = AMERICAN; Iron; Mr.; New; Patent; SUPPLEMENT; St.; States; York; illustration; scientific summary = work of any extent that a milling machine will do better in less time Worcester, Mass., have patented an improved Hand Drilling Machine, by Our engraving represents a new form of steel wire clothing for such Address Chester Steel Castings Co., Evelina St., Philadelphia, Pa. Machine Cut Brass Gear Wheels for Models, etc. asks: How large must an air pump be for an engine steam writes: We have just set up a new engine; the cylinder patent desired, and remit to Munn & Co., 37 Park Row, New York city. A Year''s Work in the Patent Office. New Ways to Use Iron Wanted. New Form of Iron Manufacture. the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN is now sent by post direct from New York, with the American patent has been issued, will run for 10 years. Useful for all work of small stationary steam engine. MANUFACTURED by our NEW PATENT PROCESS. id = 38481 author = Various title = Scientific American, Vol. XXXVII.—No. 2. [New Series.], July 14, 1877 A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures date = keywords = AMERICAN; IMPROVED; New; St.; Syrup; York; illustration; scientific summary = The new air compressor herewith illustrated may be operated by steam receive and force the compressed air through check valves placed Text of the New Law for Patents, passed July 1, 1877, covering all I., have patented, May 8, 1877, a new process of utilizing tin scrap, engine is going forward) until the steam port at the front end of the is placed in the center punch mark, the operator with the other end In Fig. 2 is illustrated a new method of forming the corners of the The new device consists of a cast iron union plate, G, which is bolted IMPROVED VALVE MOTION FOR STEAM ENGINES. Henry Haering, New York city.--This is an improved device for operating the slide valve of a steam engine from the piston rod of All kinds of new Lift and Force Pumps for all purposes, at half price, asks: Can a steam engine be worked with compressed air id = 38482 author = Various title = Scientific American, Vol. XLIII.—No. 1. [New Series.], July 3, 1880 A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures date = keywords = AMERICAN; Mr.; New; St.; York; illustration; scientific summary = [Illustration: MAXIM''S NEW GAS MACHINE.] with engravings, published in the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT, No. 81, July 21, 1877; also to the description of the steam ferry boat, new and improved means for fog signaling, saving life, preventing the MAXIM''S NEW GAS MACHINE is at hand these machines are run with a small oil burner. Exhibit, 537, American Watch Company, Waltham, Mass., U. new special machine for the same purpose as attachment V., and which rails, has been patented by Mr. Solomon Brisac, of New York city. Mr. Max Rubin, of New York city, has patented an improved shawl strap, Air Compressors, Blowing Engines, Steam Pumping Machinery, Hydraulic Machine Knives for Wood-working Machinery, Book Binders, and Paper J. Pitt & Co., Show Case Manufacturers, 226 Canal St., New York. MANUFACTURED BY OUR NEW PATENT PROCESS. A patented improvement of the former "New Pattern" Blake machine. Machines, Daniel''s Planers, Richardson''s Patent Improved id = 43282 author = Various title = Scientific American, Vol. XXXIX.—No. 6. [New Series.], August 10, 1878 date = keywords = AMERICAN; Co.; Edison; Mr.; New; St.; York; illustration; scientific summary = I. ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS.--The Manufacture of Wrought Iron Pipe. IN the notice in our issue for July 27 of a new screw cutting lathe made patented an improved Bale Tie, which is formed of the plate provided Louis Blanck, of New York city, has patented an improved Safety Brake or spends his leisure hours in working out an improvement, which he patents For forty-seven years the American Institute of New York has opened its At the annual meeting of the New England Association of Gas Engineers, beautify or improve a country seat, or set on foot some new process of large number of original engravings of new inventions and discoveries, representing Engineering Works, Steam Machinery, New Inventions, SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN is now sent by post direct from New York, with Y. For terms, etc., address The New York Patent Exchange, 53 Liberty New and improved, for special work. id = 43391 author = Various title = Appletons'' Popular Science Monthly, December 1898 Volume LIV, No. 2, December 1898 date = keywords = Company; Crookes; Dr.; Egypt; England; English; Europe; Great; Hitchcock; Jews; London; Mr.; New; Professor; Russia; Science; States; United; William; York; american; brain; illustration; jewish; man; time; year summary = which includes the peoples of Europe, United States, British America, while the great wheat-growing States--Kansas (82 080 square miles) this represents the situation twenty years ago, but no great change country the Jews seem to be increasing in numbers almost four times year of vegetation, of plant and animal life, of the four seasons; they do differ; the tropical year is divided into times and months organic year--the regular recurrence of plant and animal seasons. many years, is a common savage way of reckoning times and ages. of the year at all as a period of time, a unit of measurement. other words, from the point of view of organic life, the year does whose brain weighed, at the time of his death, at sixty-five years brain weight of boys from seven to fourteen years of age, and 40.2 thousand years ago, possessed brains as large as now, and so with id = 44097 author = Various title = Appletons'' Popular Science Monthly, January 1899 Volume LIV, No. 3, January 1899 date = keywords = Company; Dr.; England; Europe; Fig; Germany; Government; Jews; Kekulé; London; Mr.; Nature; New; Paris; Prof.; Professor; Russia; South; States; United; York; american; great; illustration; jewish; year summary = as a general rule the duties paid on imports operate as a tax upon the general public, hold to the view that taxes on imports are really in follow that to the extent that a country taxes its imports it lives at United States to pay customs taxes every time on everything that it to be generally very closely akin in head form to the people among long-headed type of Sephardim Jews may exist, the law is very far from The first organized endeavor to teach science in schools was naturally and city schools, practically all the time during these early years is years of school life, but to a later period, and that other subjects child can receive instruction through the book, a long time--several timely and important subjects, such as Nature study, morals, history, far-off time "in the beginning" no new matter has been put on earth id = 44297 author = Various title = Appletons'' Popular Science Monthly, March 1899 Volume LIV, No. 5, March 1899 date = keywords = Asia; California; Company; Dr.; England; Europe; Folsom; Government; Greeks; Mr.; New; Quentin; San; Slavs; States; Thelyphonus; Turks; United; University; York; american; find; man; science; time; year summary = increases, new portions are added, till many colonial houses look for Europe, the beginnings of general literature in the United States have grand achievement of new, as of old, countries is man-making, and a science to be studied in the public schools,[1] it is but needful to The increasing annual production of gold in the world is a matter of show the annual production of gold from the mines of the United States annual production of gold in the world in five years from 1855 to 1860 annual gold product of the mines of the United States declined from a production of gold in the world in the past two years; and more production of gold, more especially in the United States. other words, up to that time the herd had remained in a state of taken their college education in science, naturally experience no id = 44544 author = Various title = Appletons'' Popular Science Monthly, April 1899 Volume LIV, No. 6, April 1899 date = keywords = American; April; Company; Dr.; Europe; February; Frag; March; Miles; Mr.; Nature; New; Professor; Science; States; United; York; dream; table summary = Dreams of flying have so often been recorded--from the time of St. Jerome, who mentions that he was subject to them--that they may fairly In Prussia the working of certain mines is in the hands of the state, necessity, like salt, are subject to monopolies imposed by the state, As sources of revenue, the public lands, state control of _Prospective Use of Land in the Year 1930 on Present Crop Average._ present entire cotton crop of the United States but of the world, on these facts are considered, perhaps the potential of that great State suggestion itself shows very little consideration of the great work of professor of practical agriculture in the United States, as he was to develop the general natural history of that State (Michigan) than any other man either before or since he completed his work as State increasing use of the reports as works for reference and for general id = 44725 author = Various title = Appletons'' Popular Science Monthly, November 1899 Volume LVI, No. 1 date = keywords = Association; Cambridge; Company; Dr.; England; Europe; Jack; Mr.; New; Oxford; Professor; States; Theater; United; Washington; York; air; american; find; great; illustration summary = classes came in time to contribute the large majority of the student course of the discussion which followed the reading of this paper, Mr. Schwarz stated that twice during the present spring he had been bitten Within the past fifteen or twenty years cases of poisoning with foods most common form of food poisoning known in this country. poisonous variety of this fish known is found in the Mediterranean Sea. Wounds produced by these animals sometimes cause death. which the air is removed--a special case of an electric spark. A large storage battery forms the best means of studying electric territory of the United States the large number of observations of the of electric lights in place of gas is a great help toward securing the best-ventilated theaters in the world, the air supply is 15 cubic stated to have an air supply of 25 cubic feet per person. id = 44880 author = Various title = Appletons'' Popular Science Monthly, May 1899 Volume LV, No. 1, May 1899 date = keywords = Dr.; East; England; Europe; France; Hallstatt; Italy; Mr.; Nature; New; Pass; Pengelly; Prof.; Professor; States; United; University; York; american; european; find; illustration; liquid; man; time; year summary = except where the hand of man has leveled the work of Nature to suit temperature at which a solid passes into the liquid state is called the hand were allowed to remain in the liquid even for a short time. case, the heat of the hand converts the liquid air immediately Now for the inevitable question: Of what use is liquid air likely to time and the mere study of the fact; we have introduced characters But when man finally appeared on the scene, a new element came in to But five hundred years ago the labor class of to-day had That is the state of things in free England at a time when labor was working class as we reach our times, and brought about a state of Labor organizations or trades unions came into existence in England. That method passed away long years ago in civilized id = 45115 author = Various title = Appletons'' Popular Science Monthly, June 1899 Volume LV date = keywords = Company; Dawson; Dowden; Dr.; Egleston; England; Footnote; France; Mr.; Nashville; New; Niagara; Professor; San; Shakespeare; Society; South; States; United; York; american; book; city; great; illustration; man; nature; time; work; year summary = The city of New York gives annually to public charity more than charitable institutions and societies receiving money from the city time it was considered a good business arrangement for the city to use or any other person in the city or State of New York, but there was a When the time comes that American industry needs to develop more when our industrial condition demands new areas to work over. Nature, that Professor Dowden makes a strong and timely protest. Works, Globe edition, 1867; Natural History of Shakespeare, Bessie progress in the city of New York for more than twenty years. The influence of this school upon science in New York city has been Rarely is it given to a man to see in his life-time so great a result nobly carried out, both American science and the city of New York are id = 45361 author = Various title = Appletons'' Popular Science Monthly, July 1899 Volume LV, No. 3, July 1899 date = keywords = Bible; Bonanza; Church; Company; Dr.; Eldorado; Europe; India; Mr.; New; North; Professor; South; States; United; York; Yukon; illustration; man; nature; southern; water; work; year summary = Southern white man had taken the negro, at the beginning of his The average Southern white man has the idea to-day that if the negro races, not for to-day alone, but for a very long time to come; it is morals, the higher life of the white man as well; for the more I study dwarfing for all time the morals of the white man in the South. negro to co-operate with the Southern white man, he asks the question, formed by the action of water was acetylene, a compound of carbon and carbide and water form acetylene and lime. the odor of the water gas used generally in the United States, and the once placed in a tank of either salt or fresh water, the white whale I do not believe that a white whale lived two years in Boston, because the living thoughts in Professor Brooks''s mind for a long period of id = 45938 author = Various title = Appletons'' Popular Science Monthly, August 1899 Volume LV date = keywords = American; England; Footnote; Jews; Mr.; Museum; National; New; Prof.; Professor; Ripley; Science; Spencer; State; United; University; York; jewish summary = Association for many years past that the institutions receiving public teaching of natural science in the public schools of Boston. The following year Professor Goodale continued to teach in the school, Boston, and the study of Nature in the public schools took a definite At this time The Teachers'' School of Science attained an After this the work of The Teachers'' School of Science was taken under who had attended practical lessons in The Teachers'' School of Science. laboratory lessons or field work, and the school was organized and lessons ever given in The Teachers'' School of Science, and such as NEED OF A NEW BUILDING.--The growth of the United States National relating to the American Museum of Natural History in New York are Pp. 756, New York City and Vicinity Map. United States National Museum: Lord, E. school children''s Nature study--not the teaching of science, but the id = 46383 author = Various title = Appletons'' Popular Science Monthly, September 1899 Vol. LV, May to October, 1899 date = keywords = Bible; Bombay; Dr.; England; Europe; France; India; Massachusetts; Mr.; New; Professor; Schmidt; South; State; Tuskegee; United; Washington; York; african; illustration; man; milk; time; work; year summary = the plague finds its way into a city it will remain for six years. led me to study," he has said, "was seeing a young colored man slowly [Illustration: STUDENTS AT WORK ON NEW TRADES-SCHOOL BUILDING.] little or no discretion in the matter." The clause marked by Mr. Grosvenor is as follows: "The law relating to liquors seems to be large cities, or been traced to the milk furnished by companies that milk in the large city is perhaps forty-eight hours old when it is question, our milk which is thus two days old, appears to be actually handling milk in our cities finds that the companies are each year fever_ has in a large number of cases been traced to the milk supply. years, its application to the milk business on a large scale is quite The second year''s work with lithology is carried on largely in the id = 46473 author = Various title = Appletons'' Popular Science Monthly, March 1900 Vol. 56, Nov. 1899 to April, 1900 date = keywords = Dr.; England; Group; Mr.; New; Ohio; Orton; Professor; Satan; South; States; Taxil; United; York; american; good; great; illustration; man; pavement; southern; time; work; year summary = The first stone pavements to be laid in modern city streets were This cobblestone pavement, laid on Stone Street nearly two centuries decreased until the best stone pavements laid at the present time in Since that time wood pavement has become popular again, and a large area of this kind of pavement laid in the United States was, as nearly development by a natural process were generally accepted, still man history of the earth, the changes of organisms are so great that if the physical changes occurring at these times is the formation of great time--the eras--it follows that the _Present_--the Age of Man--is an she practiced the right hand by squeezing ten times on each occasion. movement should come at exactly the right time, and we do not work only Man has sought in all times and at all places to find means of leaving id = 46710 author = Various title = Appletons'' Popular Science Monthly, October 1899 Vol. LV, May to October, 1899 date = keywords = American; Christian; Crookes; Davis; Dr.; Footnote; Frag; Hopi; Mr.; New; Pepper; Science; Sir; States; United; University; York summary = care to contemplate what a great city like New York or London would be of questions concerning Christian Science which I wished to ask Mrs. Stetson. failure to allow for any variation in conditions that renders Mr. Davis''s figures of so little value, and Sir W. of the new science, so called, or its fundamental laws and principles. The question whether sociology is entitled to be called a science is But what is the relation of this general social science to the special special sciences are taken by sociology and worked over into a body of of the relation between sociology and the special social sciences. In the first place, sociology is a general science, having as and principles of the special social sciences, which sociology, as the In fact, sociology, like all sciences, opinion sociology is not, at present, entitled to be called a science. presentations in their stated addresses, but as times and men have id = 47024 author = Various title = Appletons'' Popular Science Monthly, December 1899 Vol. LVI, November, 1899 to April, 1900 date = keywords = Agriculture; Appleton; Cape; College; Company; Dr.; England; Footnote; God; Government; Mr.; Neministic; New; Professor; Science; Selous; Society; South; States; United; University; York; american; illustration; school; time summary = its methods, no science at the present time is making surer and better States a small majority of the people are of low general intelligence; the United States, and, by interviews with people, by forming general old-time methods that resulted in the creation of newspapers devoted what were for a time known as schools of journalism--that is, one man day in a year, so that this clock, indicating star time, gains this in charge of some scientifically educated public-school teacher, who schools and colleges are the only places where theoretical agriculture addition to the long scientific courses of study and years of schools in agriculture exist in these countries. agricultural science teaching in the primary schools of the entire might present to the people of the State a new form of Oregon product something coming after." However great the work of a man of science id = 8951 author = Various title = Scientific American, Volume 17, No. 26 December 28, 1867 A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures. date = keywords = 1st; Massachusetts; New York; Ohio; claim; combination; purpose summary = Horse-Rake Manufacturing Company, N.Y. I claim 1st, The teeth heads, N, constructed and operating substantially constructed and combined for operation substantially as described, and M. Townsend), New Haven, Ct. I claim the arrangement of the head, C, combined with the magnet so 71,891.--WASHING MACHINE.--Reuben Lighthall, Brooklyn, N.Y. I claim the detachable holder, A, with the set screw, B, in combination I claim the rotary plow, arranged to operate substantially as set forth. arranged and operating substantially as and for the purposes set forth. combination, substantially as and for the purpose described. substantially as shown and described, and for the purposes set forth. substantially as shown and described, and for the purposes set forth. substantially as shown and described, and for the purposes set forth. I claim, 1st, the arrangement or combination, substantially as I claim, 1st, the arrangement or combination, substantially as 3d, The spring, S, arranged, combined and operating substantially as id = 8952 author = Various title = Scientific American, Volume 22, No. 1, January 1, 1870 A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures. date = keywords = AMERICAN; Antedated; Boston; Brooklyn; December; England; John; MUNN; Machinery; Massachusetts; Mr.; New; New York; Office; Ohio; Paris; Pennsylvania; Philadelphia; Steam; York; illustration; machine; patent; scientific summary = 4. A new and useful pattern, print, or picture to be worked into or marks; and the fifth to new shapes or forms of manufactured articles, improved sewing machine or cooking stove, to whom a new steam engine has invention relates to a new horse cover, which is so arranged that it Brooklyn, N.Y.--This invention relates to a new and useful improvement to new and useful improvements in machines for washing clothes. PACKING CASES FOR OIL CANS.--John McLeod Murphy, New York city.--This Manner, New York city.--This invention consists invention relates to a new and useful improvement in combining two a new and useful improvement in means for guiding circular saws and relates to a new and useful improvement in blocks for forming and Catasauqua, Pa.--This invention relates to a new and useful improvement How to Obtain Letters Patent for New Inventions. New York Manufacture the most approved Stationary Steam Engine, with Patents, and New Inventions. id = 28553 author = Williams, Archibald title = How it Works Dealing in simple language with steam, electricity, light, heat, sound, hydraulics, optics, etc., and with their applications to apparatus in common use date = keywords = FIG; air; current; end; illustration; line; pipe; point; signal; steam; train; valve; water; wheel summary = If steam is let into one end of a cylinder behind an air-tight but plates to the water until the point is reached when steam generates. A further improvement results from increasing the number of tubes (Fig. 5), keeping them all on the slant, so that the heated water and steam On stationary engines a lever safety-valve is commonly employed (Fig. 11). operated by high-pressure steam coming direct from the boiler, which steam, when exhausted from the high-pressure cylinder, passed into anything actually moves along inside the wire, as water, steam, or air, cause electrical currents of varying force to pass through the circuit. magneto-generator at the left-end station is turned, and current passes was placed a cylinder, in connection with a main steam-pipe running cock C to the position shown in Fig. 89), the train-pipe pressure is At each end of a block section a train staff instrument (Fig. 101) is