The main principles of Christian religion in a 107 short articles or aphorisms, generally receiv'd as being prov'd from scripture : now further cleared and confirm'd by the consonant doctrine recorded in the articles and homilies of the Church of England ... / by Tho. Adams ... Adams, Thomas, fl. 1612-1653. 1675 Approx. 366 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 109 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2003-11 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A26345 Wing A493 ESTC R32695 12746426 ocm 12746426 93261 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A26345) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 93261) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1028:3) The main principles of Christian religion in a 107 short articles or aphorisms, generally receiv'd as being prov'd from scripture : now further cleared and confirm'd by the consonant doctrine recorded in the articles and homilies of the Church of England ... / by Tho. Adams ... Adams, Thomas, fl. 1612-1653. [2], XV, [7], 191 p. [s.n.], London : 1675. Reproduction of original in the British Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Church of England -- Catechisms. Catechisms, English. Theology -- Study and teaching. 2003-06 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2003-07 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2003-08 John Latta Sampled and proofread 2003-08 John Latta Text and markup reviewed and edited 2003-10 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion The Main PRINCIPLES OF Christian Religion IN An 107 short Articles or Aphorisms , generally receiv'd , as being prov'd from Sripture . Now further cleared and confirm'd by the Consonant Doctrine recorded in the Articles and Homilies of the Church of England ; under Four Heads , VIZ. Of things to be I. Believed , comprehended in the CREED . II. Done , in the TEN COMMANDMENTS . III. Practis'd , in the GOSPEL , particularly TWO SACRAMENTS . IV. Pray'd for , in the LORDS PRAYER . EXPLAIN'D . By Tho. Adams , M.A. sometime Fellow of Brazen-Nose College in Oxon , and late Chaplain to the Right Honourable Countess Dowager of Clare . LONDON , Printed in the Year , 1675. To the Inhabitants of Wood-Church in Wirral-Hundred in Cheshire . Dear Countrymen and Friends ! WHiles in my retired condition , I was lately devising , how I might do some good to the place of my Nativity , I had a strong apprehension , from the affections many of you have express'd to my Fathers Family , that some of the Labours of my dear Brother Mr. Thomas Adams , now with God , would be very acceptable to you , for the edification of your souls ; and thereupon as most generally useful for you : I resolv'd to be at the charge of Printing this Catechetical Explanation of His. 'T is well known amongst you , that my Grandfather Mr. Richard Adams was Rector of your Church , and then by his purchase Patron of the perpetual Advowson , Six of his Line and Name since all devoted to the Ministry of the Gospel , viz. Mine honoured Father Mr. Charles Adams , and Uncle Mr. Randal Adams ( yet I hope alive in Ireland ) , my self , and three Brothers , Peter , Thomas , and Charles Adams were born in the Personage-house a . My dear Mother ( who also bore two other of my Brothers , viz. Iames and Iohn there too ) the Daughter of a worthy Gentleman was likewise born in your Parish . My Reverend Father and Uncle did some short part of their time exercise their Ministry amongst you ; and all of us Brethren in the Ministry , have preached an occasional Sermon or more to you , though none of us could be setled with you , to spend our selves and be spent amongst you . However , we that are alive and at a distance from you , do often bear you upon our hearts , and earnestly desire that you may be saved in the day of our Lord Iesus Christ. Some of you cannot but remember , whiles my dear Father had the charge of your Souls , he did preach the Gospel to you , both in season and out of season , beseeching you to be reconciled to God , who soon took him off from that work with you , to his eternal rest . And I do assure you , my Brother ( whose sound and wholesome fruit you may here taste ) was very solicitous , and so are those who yet survive , that you may be acquainted with the truth as it is in Iesus . In order whereunto , I do now present and heartily recommend to you , this short Manual of Christian Doctrine . I pray you be pleased to receive it kindly , and entertain it friendly ; not only out of love to the Author or Donor , but to the Truth . It is proverbially said amongst you [ Cheshire Chief of Men ] , there having anciently been valiant ones born and bred there : Let not now any Prophet of the Lord have occasion to complain of you , that none are valiant for the truth b ; which none can be as they ought , unless well-trained , instructed , or Cateehised ( as Abrahams brave ones c were for the war ) in the mysteries of the Gospel ; for lack of knowledg wherein , a professing people will be destroyed d Being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them , because of the blindness of their heart e . He that made them will not have mercy on them , and he that formed them will shew them no favour f . To prevent this mischievous ignorance , and help your understandings that you may rightly know God and do his will. Such as I have , give I you . Let none then despise this small token of my love , which I do in the name of Iesus Christ send to you . Others of their plenty have formerly given to the meaner sort of you Milk and Bread for the body , and lately Means for the instructing the Minds of your Children in the Rudiments of Learning ; now I do offer a Mite out of my penury , to establish your hearts in Religion ; g spiritual milk h , and bread i , which I know you have need of . It comes not to eat your Bread , but to distribute something of the bread of life to every Family . I expect you should bid it welcome , and not distaste it , as the Gaderens for the sake of their Hogs , did the company of Christ himself , wishing him to leave their Coasts k . Lest coming in kindness to you all at this day , it should be a Testimony against any of you at the great day l . Believe me ! I would not have it as the Flying Roll in the Prophets Vision , to consume any House whereinto it doth enter m ; but to warn every person and every family of you , in this crooked generation , to flee from the wrath to come , and meet God by repentance . I confess it would trouble me to come into any of your Houses ( or have tydings thereof ) and find this little Book , designed for your good , to be carelesly thrown up and down , and given to little ones to play with , and tear in pieces ; or the leaves cut out with a knife , and burnt , as the Book n that Baruch wrote from the mouth of the Prophet Ieremiah was misused ; and mostly for the sake of those careless and untoward ones . Yet if one sinner be reclaimed by it from the error of his ways , built up in faith , and love , and brought really to obey the Gospel , that will answer all my cost , and be abundant matter of much joy . But if our Gospel be hid , it is hid to them that are lost o . However I may in some sort say with the Apostle for his Countrymen , Brethren , my hearts desire and prayer to God for you , is , that you may be saved . p I shall therefore take the freedom upon this occasion to enlarge something under these three following heads , viz. 1. Concerning the necessity of instructing , and being instructed in the Doctrine which is according to godliness . 2. The import and advantage of this Book before you , and how you may particularly use and improve it . 3. Some general Rules consonant to Scriptures , and the Materials of this Book grourded thereon , to help you all in your Practise . I. The necessity of instructing , or Catechising , both as it respects those who Teach , and those who are Taught q , is evident from the Injunction of the supream Lawgiver , who doth frequently charge Superiours to teach , and Inferiours to learn r . Which strongly obligeth those who have others under their authority , to do it as they are able ; and ( if they cannot read themselves ) to put those who have learn'd to read upon the work , and see them do it to the utmost of their power for edification . To strengthen this charge of so great and useful importance , the Spirit of God doth highly commend the practice according to it , as that wherein he much delighteth ; and therefore makes it necessary to us , who should be solicitous to please him ; yea in the Families wherein we live , as well as in the Congregation ; as a part of that solemn service he hath appointed in his word , with Prayers and Praises . Unless persons learn the Principles of Christian Doctrine s , they will not be able to hear Sermons with profit , nor understand clearly and distinctly the nature of Faith , Repentance , Iustification , &c. nor to give a reason of the hope that is in them , which they are required to do . And the rather that they may withstand fundamental errors , as well as resist evil practices ; which was memorably seen in the very Children of Merindol , who made a solemn Confession of their Faith from Scripture , amazing and confounding their persecuting adversaries . That shining Star Luther , in the dawning of the Reformation , used to say his Catechism was parva Biblia , the little Bible , meaning a short sum of that heavenly Doctrine which the very Son of God did publish from the bosom of his eternal Father , and which the Holy Spirit did reveal by the Prophets and Apostles for the salvation of our souls . This might move him , reforming the Church from the dregs of Idolatry and Superstition , to carry his Catechism always along with him , to read and peruse it almost every day , as he did ; affirming seriously , that he always learned something from it , which he did not ( at least so practically ) know before . Agreeable whereunto , in our age , said laborious , holy , and zealous Mr. Ioseph Alleine concerning Catechism , If any think themselves above it , 't is from their pride or ignorance , for my part I account my self a learner . And therefore a Sum of Christian Principles , methodically digested and explain'd , ought to be sought after and embrac'd by us , as a precious treasure , yea for the elder to have recourse to ; but more especially for the younger , who almost from their very Cradles may learn something of it as the Apostle speaks t , that as new-born Babes they may receive the sincere milk u of the word , that they may grow thereby * . Upon this account I earnestly intreat you who can justly claim a superiority in your own houses , that you would bethink your selves what an authority you are entrusted with from God , who requires you to exercise it with an holy zeal , and maintain it with all Christian prudence , without Lordliness and rigour , endeavour to be well skill'd in the Scripture x ; consult the several tempers of those within your doors ; allot fit and stated seasons for the getting of these Principles by heart ; and watch over them daily with care , both as to their set task , and practice answerable to these Principles ; keeping them seriously to mind both the business of Religion in their general Calling , and of their distinct worldly employments in their particular Callings . Suffer not your selves and houses to go hurrying to Hell , by opposing Gods most wise government of the world , which he carries on orderly for the safety and comfort of his Servants , by well-instructed Families ( such as Abrahams was ) who became instrumental to carry down the knowledg of God in all peaceableness to posterity ; so as to leave an expectation of Gods blessing upon them , whose welfare Nature it self doth move us to promote . The truth is , My Friends , if we did but remember our selves , as we are Christians , dedicated to God by Baptism , expecting benefit by the purchase of Christ , we should consider we are not our own , but bought with a price , under the greatest obligation to live to him that hath bought us ; and should take all possible care that we and ours might be His. Do then I beseech you , all you can to save your selves and others . Oh! pity their poor souls defiled by sin , and expos'd to misery . Oh! let them not perish through your carelesness , lest any of them say in Hell , as Cyprian brings in Children saying , their Parents were their Murderers ; 'T is long of you that we lye in easeless torments . Bewail the corrupted sad estate of your Children , as descending and deriving pollution from you . Let them timely know the only remedy ; bring them to reverence the holy God , and read his word with greatest awe ; shewing them the danger of breaking his Commandments , the benefit of ordering their lives according to his mind , that they may truly glorifie and enjoy him . Charge them to take heed they be not carryed away with an inordinate love to the profits , pleasures , and honours of this life ; but learn the great lessons of self-denial and cleaving to the Lord Jesus with full purpose of heart , bearing patiently whatever he is pleas'd to try them with . And be sure you neglect not seasonably and duly , to admonish and correct them y , that their iniquities be not their ruine . Do you who are Inferiours willingly submit . Oh! take heed of refusing instruction , or opposing the means which is used to bring you acquainted with God and your selves ; lest you be found guilty of shutting out the light of the glorious Gospel of Christ , who is the image of God , that it may not shine into your hearts . II. Concerning the import and usefulness of this small Book I do here put into your hands and houses ; praying the spiritual matter of it may reach to , and abide in your hearts . You see here be under four chief Heads or Chapters an 107 short Articles ( which also are Answers to the Questions in the Margin ) now generally received . These A.'s are as so many entire Sentences , or distinct Propositions and Aphorisms ( the Commandments are Ten of them ) without depending for their sense upon any Question ; containing the fundamentals of Christian knowledg and practice ; so that the Learner may by committing them to memory , lay up in his heart the Sum of Christianity ; and make a profession , confession , or repetition of it when call'd , in a continued speech , or else answer to any part of it , particularly when the Questions in the Margin are used by another , making enquiry into his knowledg . These several Articles you find have plain proofs from Scripture at large , to shew that these necessary matters of Faith and Obedience are surely founded upon the never-failing word of God ; whose supream authority should be of force to awe our consciences , and engage our hearts to the practise of those things which do appear to be our indispensable duties . Unto Divine warrant , for further illustration and confirmation , here are the Testimonies brought from the authentick Records of Reformed Religion amongst us , I mean the Articles and Homilies of the Church of England , as agreeing with , and clearing or strengthening of the several Propositions ; yea and very consonant to the main body of the materials in the short Catechism which is in the Common Prayer Book , to be learn'd by every Child , before he be confirm'd , or admitted to receive the Holy Communion . For the four chief heads there , are the Creed , or things to be believed ; the Ten Commandments , shewing our duty to God and our Neighbours ; the Doctrine of the Sacraments ; the things contain'd in the Lords Prayer . And there they who present Children at Baptism , are charged to call upon them to hear Sermons , and chiefly provide that they may learn the Creed , the Lords Prayer , and the Ten Commandments in the English tongue , and all other things which a Christian man ought to know and believe to his Souls health . All which are ( as in so short a room can be well expected ) methodically presented to you in this Book . Wherein lastly you have our departed Friend's endeavours in a short and easie Explanation , to make the Principles plain to be understood . Now for the use and improvement of it , and the advantage you may have by it ( supposing you will first read this Epistle of mine to you ) , I would advise you who have the charge of Families especially , and can read , or have those in your house or neighbourhood who will do it for you ; unless your own prudence dictate somewhat better for any of you in your circumstances : ( 1 ) Distinctly and treatably to read over , the Articles or Answers , without taking any notice then of the Questions ; and require those under your charge to attend diligently thereunto . I suppose you may go over ( if not all ) one half of the A. s ( which are printed in a large letter ) at one solemn reading ; then the next time the rest , beginning where you left . But if any of you think the Task too large for once or twice , divide it into four or three Readings . If according to Chapters , you may read each day ( that you set apart for this purpose ) one ; if into three , according to Chapters , or chief heads , for distinction of matter , you may the first one day , the second another , and the two last on the third . If according to Articles for five days , on the first day read Nineteen Articles , on the second Nineteen more , ending with the Thirty-Eighth Article , on the third twenty A. s more , ending with Article Sixty-two , on the fourth Twenty-two A. s more , ending with A. Eighty-five , on the fifth Twenty-two A. s more , to the end . ( 2 ) Your next reading of these Principles or Articles over , should be with the Texts of Scripture that prove them , and the Testimonies of the Reformed Church of England , attesting and in a sort opening , or some way clearing each Proposition . ( 3 ) The last reading ( if not dispatch'd at once with the second ) should be the Explanations of the Author , enlarging more upon each Article , and so making it more plain and clear , even to the meanest understanding , who will be attentive and considerate . To which purpose , those who govern in each Family , should be always watchful to see there be an attendance to it without noise . But you should at the beginning , after the first Reading , set in with those under your charge to get the Articles or Answers without book ; ( and if by Friends I understand the poorer sort will in good earnest learn them by heart , likely I may procure the A. s printed in one sheet by themselves to give to them ; those who are more able will I suppose buy them ) . Then you may hear them repeat what they have learned ; and proceed those days you Catechise them , especially every Lords-day ( you who have not better helps ) to read some portion of the Explanation , so much at least as was learn'd the week before , engaging them by small rewards and punishments , to hearken with all seriousness , and to do that with all their might which is evidently prov'd to be their duty . This conscientiously and constantly perform'd , will I hope through Gods blessing turn to a good account for you and me . 'T is only for the sakes of some I am thus minute . Give me leave then particularly to mind those who have not yet exercised themselves to Prayer ( as they should have done ) , how this Book may be helpful , and improv'd to a solemn performance of that duty , and an attainment of a gift therein ; by having variety of orderly and fit matter upon all occasions , from a distinct knowledg of our sins and wants . As for instance , A. 98. you have the nature of Prayer described , which you will do well to read , pause upon , and consider how it is prov'd by Scripture-Testimony , and how attested by our Forefathers ; then read our Authors Explanation of it , whereby you will come to understand the parts of Prayer ; and in whose name it is to be offered to God , for which see also A. 21 , 25. Now for you who are a Learner , to frame your self to pray orderly and pertinently , you may look into , and meditate upon A. 4. compar'd with A. 100 , 101. for a Preface . Then pass on to confess your original sin , by considering ( and if you will you may take your Pen and write out particulars prayer-wise ) A. 14 , 15 , 16. compared with A. 13. Then you may particularize your actual transgressions , by considering what is forbidden in every Commandment of the Law , and acknowledging those sins , which by looking into that glass you find your hearts to upbraid you with , A. 47 , 51 , 55 , 61 , 65 , 69 , 72 , 75 , 78 , 81. Then you may see their aggravations , A. 83 , 84. with their Explanations . Then the consequents or punishments due to transgressors , A. 17 , 18 , 19. Hereupon consider the Gospel requires Faith and Repentance , A. 86 , 87. Then come to the next part of Prayer , viz. Petition . Here you may have directions to pray for the Spirit , working in Effectual Calling , A. 29 , 30 , 31. Pleading Christs mediation , A. 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28. and seeking particularly , that God would give what he requires in his holy Commandments , A. 46 , 50 , 54 , 57 , 64 , 68 , 71 , 74 , 77 , 80. compar'd with A. 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , and A. 33 , 34 , 35 , 36. still collecting and compacting such materials out of these Articles , and the Scriptures proving of them , with what follows ( where it is needful ) in the Explanation more briefly or largely , as every ones present condition and circumstances require . Now for the remaining part of Prayer , which is Thanksgiving , you will better know what you are to give thanks for , by seeing what sins or evils God hath kept you from ; and what good things he hath bestow'd upon you . And this you will materially discern , by considering well what you have confess'd and petition'd ; then it will be further helpful to meditate upon A. 9 , 10 , 12 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 31 , 32 , 85 , 88 , 89. For Conclusion read A. 107. with the Scriptures and Explanation . Turn to these Articles , as you see them noted here thus minutely for the sake of you ( who need such direction ) and yours , some of whom possibly you may engage to write what you shew them in this order , or when you read to them , for the teaching of them to be more methodical , in learning to pray , and that longer or shorter , as occasion requires , for their own and others edification . But still remember , It is the Spirit likewise that helpeth our infirmities , Rom. 8.26 . So that our prayers through Christ may be truly acceptable to God , and a means of our sanctification . I do not urge you in every prayer to insist on every head here , or restrain you to these , only shew you a way how to use these ; neither would I tye you to this way , but advise you to exercise your spiritual senses to discern , and have regard to your own occasions , and the enlargement of your own hearts , that out of the abundrnce of them , in faith and humility you may express your minds to God in Scripture-language , from a feeling of our own wants . Thus I have took the freedom to suggest something of help in this kind , to those who may either desire or need it . But I impose nothing upon any one , which God hath left free . I hope none that know me well , will judg me to be so narrow-spirited . I have only offered a guide to the weaker , for to bring to their mind needful matter , under the three main parts of Prayer , viz. Confession , Petition , Thanksgiving . It may be some will begin with Petition or Thanksgiving , and then Confession , or vary and use them interchangeably , as in prudence they think best for that season , or are moved by the holy Spirit to omit , or but touch on one , or the other part , and slay most on the third , which may do well . The great care to be took , is that the party praying perform this necessary duty with hearty and sincere devotion . But I humbly conceive , it were of great advantage , for one or more serious persons in a Neighbourhood , who have better understanding ( after the reading this I now write to you ) to shew unto those of meaner abilities , the import of this advise for the use and improvement of this small token for their knowledg and practise . Perhaps the School-Master may think it expedient to do it for some of his Scholars in the highest Form. However I could perswade my self some unexperienc'd in praying ( especially towardly young ones ) will rejoice to be directed . I have latele known some who have been much changed and wrought upon by the serious reading of such a Book as this , given and heartily recommended to them . It would do well in your Family-reading of it , if some of the House would turn to the Bible , and find out the Texts , that you may with your own eyes see them there as cited . I doubt not but you will find them , unless possibly by the error of the Printer ( which yet I know not ) there may be somewhere a failure ; but then you having the words , a little searching of the Scripture will soon amend that ( if it should be so ) . But I fear in being thus particular for your profit ( which I aim at ) I shall run my self beyond my projected bounds . It remains I should subjoin something of , III dly , Some short general Rules , consonant to Scripture , and grounded mostly upon these cited in this little Book which may be of concernment to all ; to help both superiors , inferiors , and equals , in the practice of godliness . Wherefore that you may by this Mannual grow better , which I humbly beg of our good God. ( 1 ) Keep your end in your eye , and think much on the means prescrib'd to attain it , and how you may best use them . You must make Religion your business ; and that requires you to aim at the glorifying of God , and the enjoying of him , the saving of your own souls , according to the Rule God hath given you in his word . In all your employments , whether in your general or particular Calling ; and all your enjoyments , whether spiritual or temporal , magnifie the Name of God , extol his excellency and perfection in thought , word , and deed . Endeavour to carry your selves so agreeable to his mind , that you may please him , and be accepted of him . 'T is a small matter then how you are censur'd in mans judgment . 1 Cor. 6.20 . Mat. 16.26 . Rom. 11.36 . Psal. 50.23 . Mat. 5.16 . Psal. 144.15 . 1 Cor. 13.12 . 2 Tim. 3.15 , 16. 2 Cor. 5.9 . 1 Cor. 4.3 . ( 2 ) Bethink your selves , who God is , and that you your selves are dependants upon him . Oh! labour to have right notions of him who is wholly a spiritual , invisible , independant being of himself infinite in all perfection , as none else is or can be , a most gracious and merciful rewarder of all those that diligently seek him . Who is but one , yet distinguished into three persons , or subsistents , all equal in power and glory ; and doing all things most wisely and powerfully . Remember by him you were made and are govern'd ; in him you live , move , and have your beings ; and can do nothing without him , who is every-where , and will every-where be worshipped in spirit and truth . Iob. 4.24 . Iob 10.4 . Exod. 3.14 . Ioh. 11.7 , 8 , 9. Heb. 11.6 . 1 Tim. 2.6 . 1 Iob. 5.7 . Psal. 104.24 . Iob 1.3 . Act. 17.28 . Neh. 9.6 . Ioh. 15.5 . Luk. 12.26 . 2 Cor. 3.5 . 1 Chron. 28 9 , 10. Ier. 23 23 , 24. 1 Cor. 3.16 , 17. ( 3 ) Consider well what an happy state man was in , when he came first out of Gods hands ; and into what a sad plight of sin and misery you and all other meer men and women are faln . Be sure no blessing can be expected , but a curse , so long as you abide in a state of corrupt nature , unregenerate ; tribulation and anguish do attend every mothers child of you , both here and hereafter . Yet , Psal. 8.4 , 5. Gen. 2.7 . Iob 35.10 , 11. Mat. 10.28 . Eccles. 12.7 . — 7.29 . Rom. 3.9 , &c. — 5.19 . Gen. 3.6 . — 6.5 . Eph. 2.1 , 2 , 3. Ier. 4.22 . Tit. 3.3 . Gal. 3.10 . Ioh 3.3 . Lam. 3.39 . Rom. 2.9 . ( 4 ) Hearken attentively to what is done and and offered by our gracious Redeemer for your restoration . What offices he hath of Priest , Prophet , and King , both in his estate of Humiliation and Exaltation . Oh be affected with the glad tidings he brings , who came to save his people from their sins ; and is the great Peace-maker , and only Mediator betwixt God and man , ready to save to the uttermost all poor sinners that come unto God by him , in that new and living way which he hath consecrated for us , through the vail , that is to say his flesh . Mat. 1.21 . Act. 4.12 . Ioh. 1.14 , 48. Eph. 2.14 , 15. 1 Tim. 2.5 . Mat. 11.28 , &c. Ioh. 6.37 . Heb. 10.20 . ( 5 ) Ponder throughly upon , and readily receive what help the Holy Spirit is pleas'd to afford in working of effectual grace , and see the necessity of it . He is a most free agent , and stands ready to enlighten the mind , and convince of sin , righteousness , and judgment , to encline the will , soften the heart , and put a principle of grace within it , or else it would remain strong under all the rebukes and exhortations of the word . Ioh. 3.5 , 6. Eph. 2.8 . Phil. 2.12 . Ioh. 16.8 . Act. 16.14 . Heb. 4.12 . 1 Cor. 6.17 . Rom. 8.28 . 2 Thes. 2.13 , 14. Ezek. 36.26 . 2 Cor. 3.3 , 6. ( 6 ) Look your selves often in the glass of Gods holy Law , and therein take notice of your own deformities . See how much you fall short of what God calls for , and how much you do of that which he forbids . This will be a means to come to a distinct sight of your own vileness and sinfulness ; as also if you are renewed , how you ought to walk ; but that you can never merit Gods favour by the best works of the Law. Yet you ought mightily to oppose the first motions and risings of any corruption in your hearts , and carefully to avoid all such occasions as are likely to give advantages to those corruptions , and betray you into their hands . Mal. 4.4 . Iam. 1.23 . Rom. 7.7 . Gal. 3.10 , 22. Iam. 2.10 . — 3.2 . 1.25 . Mat. 5.18 , 19. 1 Tim. 1.8 . Rom. 4.2 . Gal. 2.16 . Luk. 17.10 . Iam. 1.14 . — 4.7 . 1 Thes. 5.22 . Mat. 13.37 . Mat. 26.41 . ( 7 ) Hereupon , Enter into your Closets , be convinc'd of , sigh and mourn over your own impotency , inability , and unwillingness to come to Christ , till you are effectually drawn . Alas ! you find by comparing your selves with the Law , that you are neither able nor willing of your selves to keep the Commandments , but do daily break them in thought , word , and deed ; yea and with aggravating circumstances in the sight of God , deserving his wrath and curse both in this and the future world : Which may make you sit down and bemoan your low estate , and cry out , What shall we do to be saved ? Then , Ioh. 6.44 , 45 , 65. — 5.40 . 1 King. 8.46 . Ecclss. 7.20 . Prov. 20.9 . Col. 1.21 . Gal. 5.17 . 2 Cor. 10.5 . Isa. 46.8 . Act. 2.37 . — 16.30 . ( 8 ) Look up to Christ by an eye of faith , trust to him alone , and repent of your sinfulness , which keeps you from God. Consider him who hath satisfied Divine Justice , as he is offered in the promises ; and give credit unto them , which are in him Yea and Amen . Put your affiance in him alone , who is the Saviour , for acceptance of your persons , remission of your sins , and obtaining of eternal life . God was in Christ reconciling the world unto himself ; your great great concern then is , to receive him who saves his people from their sins ; resign up your selves unto him as Mediatour , and through him unto God. Be sorrowful after a godly sort , for all that which offends him , which is not only an outward forbearance of sin , but a particular inward loathing and hatred of all sin as sin , striving against it , and endeavouring to mortifie it . Act. 6.31 . — 2.38 . — 3.19 . 1 Ioh. 5.13 . Phil. 3.7 , 8 , 9. Ioh. 3.14 , 15. — 6.29 , 47. Act. 13.38 , 39. Isa. 28.12 . Prov. 3.5 . 2 Cor. 5.19 . Ioh. 1.12 . Rom. 5.11 , 17. Mat. 1.21 . Zach. 12.10 , &c. Act. 5.31 . Psal. 119.104 . — 97.10 . Iam. 4.8 , 9 , 10. Act. 8.22 . Col. 3.5 . ( 9 ) Be careful to observe the institutions of Christ , and all his Ordinances as he hath prescrib'd . Hear , Read , Receive the Sacraments as he hath appointed , waiting for the Spirit , who makes all means effectual . Oh! delight to meet God in publick Ordinances , and give up your selves to be ruled and directed by him therein . And therefore take a very especial care for the due observance of the Lords-day , which is appointed for the more solemn worshipping of God , and the benefit of man to refresh him with heavenly things . This you should spend in the Lords-work , and not in worldly pleasures or profits . I can assure you , the Author of this Explanation did make great conscience hereof , and express'd much distaste of those who did sleight or prophane it . The last Sermons he preach'd were to urge a due observance of the Lords-day . And on the Lords-day-morning * a little before he departed hence , He told us , He was going to keep a Sabbath in heaven , and here strangers did not intermeddle with his joy . Mat. 28. ult . Isa. 63.5 . Psal. 19.8 . Ioh. 5.39 . Act. 26.18 . Rom. 10.13 . 1 Cor. 3.7 . — 12.13 . Ier. 31.31 , &c. Col. 3.16 . Mark 16.16 . Luk. 22.19 , 20. Mark 2.27 . Isa. 56.6 . — 58.13 . ( 10 ) And lastly , Be much in prayer to God , through Christ , in the Spirit ; which indeed should go before , accompany , and follow after daily mercies , other duties and enjoyments . You should constantly perform this Duty with all intention of mind , and heartiness both in publick , and your Families at all praying-seasons , and more especially in secret ; which if you rightly do , from a pure heart , a good conscience , and faith unfeigned , according to the Rule to measure our requests by , to the honour of God , in the Name of his beloved Son ; will keep up the life of Religion , and be prevalent for a blessing upon all you take in hand and enjoy . Mat. 26.41 , 42. Col. 4.1 . Phil. 4.6 . Mat. 6.6 . Ioh. 15.16 . — 16.23 , 26. Psal. 66.18 . 1 Ioh. 5.14 . Heb. 4.16 . Rom. 8.26 , 27. Psal. 92.1 , 2. — 50.15 . Thus , My Friends ! I have as briefly as I could , laid before you these Ten Directions , to help you in your Christian practice , agreeable to the materials more largely spoken to in the Book it self . I earnestly intreat you , to work them upon your hearts , and set in heartily to practise by the prudent use of these Helps . I have unto them affixed Texts of Scripture , which do abundantly prove them . It may be some of you will not only turn to them in your Bibles , and read therein the proofs confirming each direction , ( grounded for the main upon the Articles , as these are upon Scripture ) , but will take the pains to write out the Scriptures at large in a Paper-book , as they fall under the general heads , which would be a notable means to imprint them in your minds , and deeply affect your hearts with the things , and engage you to do as God in his word requires That you may all consent to wholesome words , even the words of our Lord Iesus Christ , and to the Doctrine which is according to godliness . Fear God and keep his Commandments . Be happy in knowing and doing of these things is that I aim at . And believe it , Friends ! If I my self do not in some measure endeavour , through Christ enstrengthening me , to live agreeable to these Directions I have now given to you , I must expect the wrath of God should abide upon me . And if you remain heedless and careless after you have received or rejected this Token of my love to your Souls , it will be a Witness against you . But Beloved ! I am perswaded better things of you . That the God of Heaven may make you all wise unto salvation , and bless these and all other endeavours for your spiritual , temporal , and eternal welfare , is the unfeigned Prayer of Your Friend and Remembrancer from , and unto God , Ri. Adams . Aug. 3. 1675. To the Reader . Christian Reader ! TO promote that knowledg without which the mind is not good , and holiness without which no man shall see the Lord , I acknowledg my self to lye under the greatest obligations . In order whereunto , considering the necessity and usefulness of instructing souls distinctly , in the Principles of Christian Doctrine , i. e. those fundamental Truths on which life or death doth depend , and wherein the very essentials and vitals of Christianity do consist ; and having by me this short and easie Explanation of those Catechetical Articles of Religion most generally received amongst us , I thought good to publish it . More especially for the sakes of some in a remote Corner ( whose souls welfare I greatly desire ) where they want those helps some others enjoy ; many are poor , others unacquainted with , or loth to buy good books ; and where this particularly for the sake of the Author ( who drew his first breath there ) may likely be received with greater kindness , and read with better care . I am not ignorant that others have done well before , both formerly and lately , in o●e and another way , for the explication of these common , but greatest matters , collected out of Holy Scripture , and laid together in a small room by men of skill in the truest method , that the weak may soon understand and remember them , which I heartily rejoice in : Yet had I been more timely considerate enough , this might have appeared abroad e're some of those larger and much commended , were published . However now it cannot be unseasonable in this debauching age , to contribute a further aid , for the sound principling of hopeful youth . Here likely will be some advantage either for matter or manner suggested , which others have not took notice of , for the opening or evidencing of Truth , and recommending particulars as at one sight to our prospect . Besides , some may receive satisfaction , and take pleasure to see here the Harmony and fair agreement of these Principles with those our Forefathers zealously profess'd to hold at the beginning of our Reformation from Popery in King Edward the Sixths and Queen Elizabeths days . 'T is plain , from a view of what is here annexed , and presented to us , as attesting these several Aphorisms or Propositions ; that the Articles and Homilies of the English Church under the particulars speak the same things . These then are such Institutions of a Christian man , as are consonant to Holy Writ , the sober and wholesome Doctrines of those Protestants who liv'd in these Kingdoms before us , and I hope will find entertainment with our posterity when we go to rest with our Fathers . For I suppose it is easie to discern through all disingenuous aspersions ; that whoever drew them up in our age , and by what warrant , they are so far from being Novelties to Reformed English men , that they materially had in the former age the Authority of a Convocation and an Act of Parliament . Be sure the most learned and godly Primate Usher soon after their first publication did highly value them thus digested by several learned Divines in the order they be here explain'd . And another very reverend and holy person yet alive , in the Confession of his Faith , printed twenty years ago , cap. 2. S. 3. did declare , He heartily approv'd of this Form of sound words , and of all therein contain'd ; affirming , that He took it for the best Catechism that ever he saw , and the A. s contained for a most excellent sum of the Christian Faith and Doctrine , and a fit Test to try the Orthodoxness even of Teachers themselves . Such Testimonies might perhaps occasion this labour in the Explanation of them . Which I do here present to you , as the Author lest it penn'd for his own private use in his Catechetical teaching of those committed to him . I liked not to make any addition or alteration ; though had he liv'd , and ever thought of publishing it , ( as it is not unlikely he might have done , for the same charitable use it is now design'd ) no question but it would have been all better proportion'd , enlarg'd , and alter'd , yea and ( if needful ) put into a more comely dress . This I conceive was the only draught of it ; which I the rather intimate , that if any defects or mistakes be found in this Explanatory Comment , there may be no unkind reflection made upon him who went to Heaven some time since . And whiles upon Earth shew'd himself , both in the University and elsewhere , to be one of good learning , and true holiness , a fervent preacher and real practiser of the Duties herein explain'd , and particularly of so sweet and peaceful temper that his moderation was known unto all those who did familiarly converse with him . There be other Notes of his ( with these , left to my disposal ) and some of those practical Sermons upon some Texts of Scripture , on which I find not any in the late printed Catalogues , or but few to have treated ; which as they are desired earnestly by some , so if they are by more thought useful , may in time come abroad . This , such as it is , will I hope be no disparagement to him that is gone , but give us to understand , he had clear Notions of the main points of Religion , which he made his own business , and which if they ( peculiarly young ones ) into whose hands it shall come , be inclin'd cordially to embrace , by the heedful reading and perusing hereof , it will help to perpetuate the memory of the just deceased ; and be matter of rejoicing to his surviving Brother , who is really desirous to serve you in love , R. A. Aug. 2. 1675. In the Principles of Religion are considerable , the I. End , Gods glory , and mans happiness , A. 1. C. I. II. Means , or Rule Scripture , A. 2. requiring , A. 3. I. Faith concerning God in his Essence , A. 4 , 5. Subsistence , A. 6. Operations , which are his Decrees , or purposes , A. 7. the execution of them , by Creation respecting All , A. 9 , 11. Providence respecting Man , A. 10 , 12. Man Created by God , A. 13. Faln by sin , describ'd in general , A. 14. special , from its act , A , 15. subject , A. 16. effects , sinfulness , A. 17 , 18. misery , A. 19. Restored by Grace where of the Covenant of Grace , A. 20. Redeemer , who is described , A. 21. who became man , A. 22. who executeth offices , A. 23. of Priest , A. 24. of Prophet , A. 25. of King , A. 26. both in his state of Humiliation , A. 27. & both in his state of Exaltation , A. 28. Participation of the benefits of Redemption , by the Spirit , A. 29. in effectual Calling , A. 30. where of the Nature of it , A. 31. Benefits , A. 32. in this life primarily , Justification , A. 33. Adoption , A. 34. Sanctification , A. 35. secondarily , Assurance , &c. A. 36. at death , A. 37. resurrection , A. 38. II. Obedience to Gods revealed Will , A. 39. C II. In the Law , summ'd up in the Ten Commandments , A. 40 , 41 , 42. wherein of The Preface , A. 43 , 44. The Precepts I. A. 45 , 46 , 47. II. A. 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52. III. A. 53 , 54 , 55 , 56. IV. A. 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62. V. A. 63 , 64 , 65 , 66. VI. A. 67 , 68 , 69. VII . A. 70 , 71 , 72. VIII . A. 73 , 74 , 75. IX . A. 76 , 77 , 78. X. A. 79 , 80 , 81. Mans impotency to perform this Duty , A. 82 , 83 , 84. Gospel , requiring and enjoining C. III. Graces , A. 85. Faith , A. 86. Repentance , A. 87. Ordinances , A. 88. Word , How effectual , A. 89. read , heard , A. 90. Sacraments , How effectual , A. 91. Describ'd , A. 92. Divided , A. 93. Baptism , What , A. 94. To whom , A. 95. Lords Supper What , A. 96. How received , A. 97. Prayer , described , A. 98. C. IV. ruled by the Lords Prayer , where in the Preface , A. 100. Petitions , I. A. 101. II. A. 102. III. A. 103. IV. A. 104. V. A. 105. VI. A. 106. Conclusion , A. 107. Principles of Christian Religion , in an 107 Articles , with a short and easie Explanation . CHAP. I. Of things to be believed , comprehended in the Apostles Creed : Or a brief Sum of Christian Doctrine , which ought to be received or believed . Articles of Religion , 1562. Artic. 8. For they may be proved by most certain warrant of Holy Scripture . A. 1. MAns chief End , is to glorifie God a , and to enjoy him for ever b . Homil. 3. Of Salvation . — Above all things , and in all things to advance the glory of God , of whom only we have our sanctification , justification , salvation , and redemption . Expl. 1. In which A. there are these four things to be explain'd : ( 1. ) What we are to understand by a mans end . And the Answer is , That by a mans end we mean that which a man doth intend or aim at in all his actions ; or that which he does propose to himself as the reason of what he does ; ex . gr . when you see a man bu●lding a House , if you ask him the reason why he builds a House , or what he intends in so doing ; his answer will be , to dwell in it : And here , his dwelling in his House , when he hath built it , is his end in building his House . So again , when you see a man going to Church , if you ask him what he goes to Church for ; he 'll presently tell you , to hear a Sermon : Now this being that which he does design in going to Church , sc. to hear a Sermon , it may very well be called his end in going to Church . But then 2 dly , It is next to be explained , what is meant by a mans chief end : Now a mans chief end , is that which he doth principally aim at in all his actions . As to keep to the last instance , though it be a mans end ( in going to Church ) to hear a Sermon ; yet that is but a lower end , and that which he does only design in order to his chief end , which is to glorifie God , and to enjoy Communion with God , by hearing his word : This Question therefore ( What is the chief end of man ? ) is ( q. d. ) what is mans chief errand into the world ? or what did God make man for ? or what is the great business that should take up the greatest part of a mans time , thoughts , cares , affections , and endeavours , whilst he lives in the world ? or what is it that a man is principally to drive at in all his words , thoughts , and actions , in all his duties both to God and man , and in all his dealings with the world ? Now this is that which should be his general drift in all , sc. To glorifie God , and to enjoy God both in this world and a better . And this is the plain meaning of those Scriptures which are here made use of as proofs . But ( alas ) is it not sadly to be lamented , that the corrupt generality of people , have quite forgotten what errand they were sent about into the world ; whilst some make worldly honours and preferments their chief end , as the ambitious ; others make worldly gain and profit their chief end , and that which they mainly drive at , as the covetous ; and others do make their carnal pleasures , delights , sports , and pastimes their chief end , as if God had put them into the world , as the Psalmist reports of the Leviathans being put into water , to play therein : and this is the case of the younger sort generally of vain and wicked people , who either do not know , or will not consider , that the end of their Creation was to honour and enjoy their Creator , both here and hereafter . 3 dly , What it is to glorifie God , may be thus explained ; namely , it is to live according to his will revealed in his word ; or , it is to think , speak , and do according to the Rule of his word . ( 1. ) We glorifie God in our thoughts , or in our hearts , when we dare not allow our selves to think any thing that is not stampt with Gods authority and allowance ; and more particularly , when our thoughts of God , of his works , words , and all that relates to him , are such as do become his excellent Greatness . So when we fear , love , admire , trust , and desire him above all . ( 2. ) We glorifie him in our words , when our speech is not corrupt , vain , and idle , but seasoned with grace . ( 3. ) In our actions , when we make his word our rule , and his glory our great and general end in all our actions . 4 thly , What it is to enjoy God ; we may best conceive of it , by what it is to enjoy a friend : Now this is , we know , to have his presence , company , and converse , and to take delight in his society . So to enjoy God , it is to converse with God , to be well-pleased with his gracious presence , and not only to have him to be our Friend , or Father , but to entertain this King of glory in our hearts and affections . Or as wicked men do look upon the greatest part of their enjoyment to consist in ( that which they miscall ) good-fellowship ; so the Christians enjoying of God , is to have fellowship with him : Truly our fellowship is with the Father , and with his Son Iesus Christ. And to maintain and keep up this fellowship with God for ever , it is to enjoy him for ever ; which in reference to a Christians enjoyment of God in glory , is called a being for ever with the Lord , 1 Thes. 4.17 . A 2. The Word of God ( which is contained in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament c ) , is the only Rule to direct us how we may glorifie d , and enjoy him e . Artic. vi . In the name of the Holy Scripture we do understand those Canonical Books of the Old and New Testament , of whose Authority was never any doubt in the Church . Homil. 1. Unto a Christian man there can be nothing either more necessary or profitable , than the knowledg of holy Scripture ; for as much as in it is contained Gods true Word , setting forth his glory , and also mans duty . — As many as be desirous to enter into the right and perfect way unto God , must apply their minds to know holy Scripture , without the which they can neither sufficiently know God and his Will , neither their office and duty . — Let us willingly search for the well of life in the Books of the Old and New Testament , and not run to the stinking Puddles of mens Traditions , ( devised by mens imagination ) for our justification and salvation . Expl. 2. When the written Word of God is here called a Rule , we may understand it thus ; That as an Artificer , suppose a Mason or Bricklayer , in raising a Wall , or a Carpenter in squaring a piece of Timber , makes use of his Rule , and by applying this to his work , comes to know whether it be streight or crooked : So the Christian , who would order his spiritual Building or Conversation aright , so as to glorifie and enjoy God , he must lay every stone in this spiritual Building by this Rule ; he must square all his thoughts , words , and actions by this Line and Level , and thereby he may come to know what is right and what is wrong , what is sin and what is duty , what is true and what is false ; and so accordingly may cease to do evil , and learn to do well ; believe that which is true , and reject that which is false ; nor is the Old Testament alone this Rule , nor the new Testament alone , but both together ; and both together they are the only Rule of Christianity ; neither is there any other ordinary , sufficient Rule to direct a Christian , either how he may serve God acceptably , or enjoy God eternally , but this written Word . ( 1. ) The Pagans Rule , or Light of Nature , or what may be known of God by the things which are made , is not sufficient to this end , because it cannot discover Christ to us , which is the only means of salvation . ( 2. ) The Papists Rule of Tradition is no good Rule , because fallible and contradictory in many things to the Rule of Scripture . And ( 3. ) for the very same reason , the Quakers Rule is no good Rule , I mean their Light within , because opposite to the light of the Word without ; and therefore it remaineth that the written Word is the only Rule . A. 3. The Scriptures principally teach , what man is to believe concerning God , and what duty God requireth of man f . Artic. vi . Holy Scripture contains all things necessary to salvation ; so that whatever is not read therein , or prov'd thereby , is not to be required of any man that it should be believed as an Article of Faith , or be thought necessary or requisite to salvation . Homil. 1. In holy Scripture is fully contained what we ought to do , and what to eschew ; what to believe , what to love , and what to look for at Gods hand at length . Expl. 3. There are two things principally which man is to believe concerning God , and they are the two main foundations of the Christian Religion , in the practice of it : ( 1. ) That God is , or that there is such a being who is in and of himself absolutely perfect , and who gives Being to all his Creatures . ( 2. ) That he is a rewarder of those that diligently seek him , namely , in and through Christ , Heb. 11.6 . or that it is not in vain to love , serve , and obey this God. And there is but one thing , in the general , which God requires of man , namely , a free and full compliance with his will , whether in the doing or suffering part of Religion . A. 4. God is a Spirit g , Infinite h , Eternal i , and unchangeable k , in his Being l , Wisdom m , Power , Holiness n , Justice , Goodness , and Truth o . Homil. xvij . It passeth far the dark understanding and wisdom of a mortal man to speak sufficiently of that Divine Majesty which the Angels cannot understand . Considering the unsearchable nature of Almighty God , — to reverence and dread his Majesty , — excellent Power , — incomparable , Wisdom , — inestimable Goodness , — to take him for God Omnipotent , Invisible . Expl. 4. g A Spirit ] ( i. e. ) A Being which has not flesh and bones as we have , Luk. 24.39 . has not hands , or feet , or any bodily parts , no nor any bodily properties neither , as length , breadth , heigth , depth , thickness , shape , or colour ; such a Being as is not , cannot be ( as God ) the object of any of the Five Senses ; for no man has seen God at any time , &c. but is invisible , and absolutely perfect , because he does not depend upon any thing else , either for what he is , or for what he does . h Infinite ] i. e. without any limits or bounds to his perfection , an unconfined Essence , absolutely free from all measure or determination of time , place , or degrees . i Eternal ] i. e. without beginning or end of days , or succession of duration ; always the same , before and after time , ever present , infinitely above all circumscription of motion , according to former and latter . k Vnchangeable ] ( i. e. ) he can never cease to be what he is , ( the true God ) nor can he alter at all , so as to be more or less God than he is , nor more or less perfect ; for saith he , I am God , I change not . l In his Being ] for when the Son of God , who is very God , became man , he did not cease to be God. m In his Power ] for this being infinite , it is not capable of an alteration , either by adding to it , or taking from it . And the same may be said concerning his Wisdom , for the very same reason ; for how can he be more or less wise than he is , who is infinite in Wisdom and Knowledg ? n In his Holiness ] i. e. he cannot be more or less holy than he is ; or be more or less inclin'd or obliged to act suitably to the perfection of his own nature , than he is already . o In Iustice , Goodness , and Truth ) i. e. he cannot be more just , good , and true than he is , nor less just , good , and true than he is , because he is Justice , Goodness , and Truth it self ; and is all these , and has all these in infinite and absolute perfection , and therefore he is unchangeable in these . A. 5. There is but one only p , the living and true God q . Artic. I. There is but one living and true God , everlasting , without Body , Parts , or Passions ; of infinite Power , Wisdom , and Goodness , the Maker and Preserver of all things , both visible and invisible . Expl. 5. ( i. e. ) There is but one only absolutely supreme and perfect Being , who is the Maker and Governour of all things ; for as for Magistrates , though they be called gods , I have said ye are gods , Psal. 82.6 . yet they are so only by way of representation , only because they do represent God in his Authority and Government : And for Idols , though they be called gods , as there be of this sort gods many , yet these gods of the Heathen they are false gods , and upon that account are every-where disparaged in Scripture . And though the Devil himself be called the god of this world ; yet 't is only because he is Gods Ape , ruling and working in the children of disobedience , Eph. 2.2 . ( but by Gods permission ) as God does in his own children . So that it still holds good , that to us there is but one God , of whom , and by whom are all things , 1 Cor. 8.6 . A. 6. There are three persons in the Godhead , the Father , the Son , and the Holy Ghost r , and these three are one God , the same in substance , equal in power and glory s . Artic. I. And in unity of this Godhead there be three persons , of one substance , power , and eternity , the Father , the Son , and the Holy Ghost . Expl. 6. In this A. there are three things to be explained ; as , ( 1. ) The meaning or nature of a Divine person . ( 2. ) How they are said to be three persons . ( 3. ) How distinguisht from each other . For the understanding of the first , we are to know , that by a person in the general we mean a substantial compleat Being ( whether visible or invisible ) , having understanding , will , and subsistence by it self , and distinguished from any thing else by some peculiar property that belongs to it , and to nothing else besides it self ; as there is something peculiar in every one man to distinguish him from another ; this for a person in general : But now for a Divine person , ( or a person in the Godhead ) , 'T is a substance that is undivided , and absolutely perfect in Being , Understanding , Will , and manner of Subsistence ; yet actually , really , and eternally distinguished from any other person , by some relative property that belongs to it , and not to that person . ( 2. ) For the number of the persons in the Godhead , they are three ; not only in the reckoning of man , or according to humane apprehension , but also in reality , and in Gods account ; whether men should reckon them so or no , and are therefore called a Trinity of Persons . Yet ( 3. ) though they be so distinguished one from another , as that the Father is not the Son , and the Son not the Father , and the Holy Ghost neither Father nor Son ; yet they are not , cannot be divided or separated one from another , because the whole and single Godhead is wholly , coequally , and coessentially in all three , by virtue whereof 't is said , these three are one , ( i. e. ) one God. A. 7. The Decrees of God , are his eternal purpose , according to the counsel of his own will , whereby for his own glory , he hath fore-ordained whatsoever comes to pass t . Artic. xvij . — Everlasting purpose of God , whereby ( before the foundations of the world were laid ) he hath constantly decreed by his counsel , secret to us , &c. Expl. 7. In this A. we have ( 1. ) the nature and properties of Gods Decrees , they are like Himself from everlasting ; whatever God did purpose and determine to do , or permit to be done , he did thus purpose from eternity . ( 2. ) Here is the Rule of Gods Decree , the counsel of his own Will ; and yet nothing that he decrees can be any other than reasonable and good , because by reason of the infinite perfection of his Nature , his Will is essentially just and holy , and cannot be otherwise . ( 3. ) The matter of his Decrees , is , whatsoever comes to pass , though there be never so much of that which we call hap-hazard in them . ( 4. ) The end of his Decrees , for his glory ; for God neither does nor designs any thing but for the highest end , and that is his own glory . A. 8. God executeth his Decrees , in the Work of Creation u , and Providence w . Homil. xvij . — Praise of Almighty God , — in the consideration of the marvelous Creation of this world , or — Conservation and Government thereof , wherein his great Power and Wisdom might excellently appear , to move us to dread and honour him . Expl. 8. Here is shew'd , how God doth bring to pass , what he hath purposed . ( 1. ) In the work of Creation ; by which we are to understand , not only Gods making the world and all things therein in six days , but also Gods producing or bringing into Being every thing else that came into Being since that time to the worlds end , whether it became a Being in an ordinary way , and by means , as in the natural generation of things ; or in an extraordinary way , by the immediate or miraculous power of God. ( 2. ) In the work of Providence , which is not only to be restrain'd to what is naturally good , as every creature of God is , but also reaches to what is naturally evil , as affliction , and to what is morally evil , as sin . A. 9. The work of Creation , is Gods making all things x , of nothing , by the word of his power y , in the space of six days , and all very good z . To. 2. Hom. viij . God through his Almighty power , wisdom , and goodness , created in the beginning Heaven and Earth , the Sun , the Moon , the Stars , the Fowls of the Air , the Beasts of the Earth , the Fishes in the Sea , and all other Creatures for the benefit and use of man. Hom. xij . Among all the Creatures that God made in the beginning of the World , most excellent and wonderful in their kind , there was none ( as the Scripture beareth witness ) to be compared in any point almost unto Man , who in Body and Soul exceeded . Expl. 9. By the work of Creation , we are to understand Gods making of the world in time ( or in the beginning ) according as he had purposed from eternity , or before all beginning of time : and here it is observable , ( 1. ) That this work is ascribed only to God , the true God , in opposition to Idols ; yet is not so to be ascribed to any one person in the Godhead as to exclude the other ; for all the three persons , sc. Father , Son , and Holy Ghost , being one in Essence or Godhead , they must necessarily be one in working , or as it were joyn hand in hand in all external works , whether of Creation or Providence . And therefore when the Creation is ascribed ( in the Apostles Creed ) to the Father Almighty , it doth not exclude the Son or Holy Ghost from being Almighty , or from joining with the Father in the work of Creation ; but only because the Father is the first in order of the three persons when we conceive of them , and because there might be in the Church an outward distinction made ( but no real separation ) among the three persons , in those works which are more eminently and peculiarly affirmed of each person , as that the Father creates , the Son redeems , and the Spirit sanctifies . ( 2. ) That he did not , as an Artificer , begin his work upon or out of materials , which is beyond the skill of art and power of nature . ( 3. ) Without any instrument or help ; for ( 1. ) There was nothing then in Being when he began his work , therefore no instrument . ( 2. ) He needed none , being infinite in power . ( 3. ) To have used any , would not have been so consistent with the glory of his Wisdom and Power . ( 4. Obs. ) That he did his work in six days , that we might see it was a work of Wisdom and Counsel , and not of Chance ; and to set us an example , to work six days , and rest the seventh . ( 5 ly , ) That he made all very good , in their nature , in their order and in their end . A. 10. God created man , male and female , after his own image a , in knowledg , righteousness , and holiness b , with dominion over the creatures c . Homil. xij . He was made after the similitude and image of God , endued with all kind of heavenly gifts ; he had no spot of uncleanness in him , was sound and perfect in all parts , both inwardly and outwardly , his reason was uncorrupt , his understanding was pure and good , his will was obedient and godly ; he was made altogether like unto God , in righteousness and holiness , in wisdom and truth ; to be short , in all kind of perfection . — God made him Lord and Ruler over all the works of his hands . — Homil. viij . Whom also he had created to his own image and likeness , and given him the use and government over them all , to the end he should use them in such sort as he had given them in charge and commandment , and also that he should declare himself thankful , &c. Expl. 10. God created man male and female ( i. e. ) , in both Sexes ; man out of the dust of the earth , and the woman of the Rib that he took out of the mans Side ; which creation is to be understood concerning the bodies of both , not of the soul of either of them , for the soul was not made of any materials at all , but the reasonable soul was immediately infused into their bodies when God breathed into them the breath of life ; so that the soul is , q.d. the breath of God. There is a twofold image of God , ( 1. ) That which is in God , and so Christ the Second person in the Trinity is said to be the express image of the person of God the Father , because in him the fulness of the Godhead dwells bodily . ( 2. ) There is the image of God which is out of God , or external to him ; and such an image of God was man in his first Creation . ( 1 st , ) In respect of his soul , and that more generally , in the nature of it , God is a Spirit , and so is mans soul ; God's immortal , so that : But more particularly , ( 1. ) In knowledg of what was necessary to be known by him in order to Gods glory or his own happiness . ( 2. ) In righteousness or uprightness , ( i. e. ) his will did freely and fully comply with the will of God , the Law of God being written in his heart . ( 3. ) In holiness , or with a power to do Gods will perfectly . ( 2 dly , ) In respect of his body , wherein he did resemble the majesty ( not the spirituality of God ) for there was so much of majesty especially in mans countenance , that the inferior creatures did stand in awe of him . ( 3. ) In respect of the whole man , because in his dominion over the creatures , he did resemble his Creator in his dominion over the world . A. 11. Gods works of Providence , are his most holy d , wise e , and powerful preserving f , and governing all his creatures , and all their actions g . Homil. xvij . — Conservation and governance of the world , — of liberal goodness , which he daily bestoweth on us his reasonable creatures , for whose sake he made the whole universal world , with all the commodities and goods therein . — Take him for God omnipotent , invisible , having rule in Heaven and Earth , having all things in subjection , and will have none in counsel with him , nor any to ask the reason of his doing ; for he may do what liketh him , and none can resist him , Dan. 11. For he worketh all things in his secret judgment to his own pleasure , yea even the wicked to damnation , saith Solomon , Prov. 16. — God hath not so created the world that he is careless of it , but he still preserveth it by his goodness ; he still stayeth it in his creation . — To make our humble suits in prayers to his fatherly Providence . Expl. 11. By Gods actual Providence we are to understand his ordering of all things in time , according to his eternal purpose , or the counsel of his own will ; or in plain English , 't is his doing what he will in the world , whether it be in Heaven or Earth . For further explanation of this matter , we are to know , ( 1 st , ) That ( according to our apprehension ) there are these distinctions and kinds of Providence , ( 1. ) We have his eternal Providence , or his decreeing , purposing , designing Providence , which is nothing else but that frame , method , or order of government which was in the mind of God from everlasting , before there was a world , or any creature in it to be govern'd , ( and of this was spoken before ) . ( 2. ) His actual Providence , which he hath exercised ever since he made the world ; as , ( 1. ) In the conservation of things in their beings , so that of all the species or kinds of creatures which he made he has lost none . Individuals indeed do dye and perish , and return to their dust , but the species or kinds of creatures do not ; men dye , ( this and that and t'other individual person ) in reference to their bodies ; but man does not , or rather mankind does not . ( 2. ) In the actual government of all things by his wisdom , which he doth preserve by his infinite power ; for God does not do by the World as the Ship-Carpenter by the Ship , build and leave it , and never look after it more ; but he doth look after the preservation of it as the Owner , and the government of it as the Pilot. Other distinctions there are of Providence ; as , ( 2. ) That it is either mediate and ordinary , as where God makes use of means and second causes , and therein does observe the order which he has set in nature , as Hos. 2.22 . and this order in nature is called the Law of nature : Or else immediate and extraordinary , when in the works of Providence , as well as of Creation , he works without means , as in the preserving of Daniel in the Lyons Den. ( 2 dly , ) For the matter and extent of Providence , it reaches to all creatures , even to the Sparrows , and to the hair of the head . ( 3 dly , ) For the manner ; and this ( 1. ) Holy , or most perfect , or in a way suitable to the perfection of his nature . ( 2. ) Wise , for he does not only do all in the best way , but for the highest end . ( 3. ) Powerful , for he brings to pass what he will have done with an almighty easiness , and without any difficulty to himself . A. 12. When God had created man , he entred into a Covenant of life with him , upon condition of perfect obedience h , forbidding him to eat of the tree of the knowledg of good and evil , upon pain of death i . To. 2. Homil. xxi . God , as soon as he had created man , gave unto him a certain Precept and Law , which he ( being yet in the state of innocency , and remaining in Paradise ) should observe as a pledg and token of his due and bounden obedience , with denunciation of death , if he did transgress and break the said Law and Commandment . — In the which obedience if man had continued still , there had been no poverty , no diseases , no sickness , no death , &c. Expl. 12. The wise and gracious Creator having made man a reasonable creature , and having also stampt his own image upon him , and thereby rendered him fit for and capable of happiness in the enjoyment of himself ; and there being no other way to this enjoyment , but by union and communion with himself , he was most graciously pleased in order thereunto , to make a Covenant with man , ( giving a Law to him as soon as he had made him , ) and in him with all his posterity ; wherein he promised life to him , and in him to all mankind , upon condition of perfect and personal obedience . And that God might try him , how he would carry it , being now brought within the bounds of this Covenant , he was pleased to lay this particular positive Precept upon him , That he should not eat of the tree of knowledg of good and evil , &c. upon pain of death ; which Precept he having broken , became liable unto death , or to the curse of the Law. This Covenant which God entered into with the first Adam was in Paradise , a Covenant or Law of Works , Do this and live : But that Covenant which God hath establisht in Christ the second Adam with all Believers ( since the Fall ) whether in the Old or New Testament , 't is a Covenant of Grace ; and the grand Condition of this Covenant on mans part , or the qualification whereby he is fitted and capacitated to receive the benefit of this Covenant , 't is the righteousness of Faith ; for it runs thus , Believe and live ; not that the Covenant of Grace ( whether in the Old or New Testament ) does not require new obedience , but that it does not require this in order to justification ; for this new obedience , or this obedience of Faith , it is rather the fruit or effect , than the instrumental cause , means , or condition of justification . But more distinctly , amongst those many differences which are wont to be assigned by Divines betwixt the Covenant of Works and the Covenant of Grace , we may take notice of these : ( 1. ) The Covenant of Works was made with man before the Fall , before he had sinned against God ; the Covenant of Grace , afterward . ( 2. ) The Covenant of Works did not promise pardon upon repentance ; the Covenant of Grace does , because Christ the Mediator of this Covenant has purchased pardon for all penitent sinners , who have but a hand of Faith to receive it . ( 3. ) The Covenant of Works was without a Mediator , for till man had sinned he needed none to mediate peace betwixt God and him ; but the Covenant of Grace is established in the hands of a Mediator , sc. Christ Jesus , perfect God and perfect man , that he might make a reconciliation betwixt God and Man. ( 4. ) In the Covenant of Nature ( or Works ) Adam was only the Son of God by Creation ; but in the Covenant of Grace , those who were children of wrath , do through Faith become the Children of God by Grace and Adoption . ( 5. ) The Covenant of Works had for its Seals of confirmation , or for the Sacraments of it , the Tree of life , so called because it did sacramentally confirm the promise of life upon condition of perfect obedience ; and the Tree of knowledg of good and evil , which was so called from the event , because man having sinned in eating the forbidden fruit , he presently came to know by a sad experiment , what an infinite good he had lost in losing Gods favour , and what misery and mischief he had brought upon himself . But now the Seals or Sacraments of the Covenant of Grace were under the Old Testament Circumcision and the Paschal Lamb , and now under the New Testament , Baptism and the Lords Supper . ( 6. ) In the Covenant of Works there was no place at all for Gods further exercising of his patience , grace and mercy ; but in the Covenant of Grace his mercy most is signally display'd ; yea and that which is a mystery as well as a miracle of Divine Wisdom , here we may see mercy and justice kiss each other , in the satisfaction that Christ has made . And as the Covenant of Grace and the Covenant of Works do differ in the foregoing particulars ; so doth the Covenant of Grace under the Old Testament differ from the Covenant of Grace under the New Testament ( though these are not two but one Covenant in substance ) in clearness ; for till the Law , or from Adam to Moses , the Promise of Grace was more obscure ; under Moses more clear ; from Moses to the Prophets , yet more clear ; from them to Iohn the Baptist , yet more clear ; and from him to Christ , yet more clear ; and under the preaching of Christ , whilst he was fulfilling the Promises , yet abundantly more clear than under Iohn ; but most clear of all when Christ had finished the work of Redemption by price , and was ascended into Heaven , and had sent down his Spirit upon his Apostles , in that plentiful effusion of the Spirit at the time of Pentecost , Act. 2. A. 13. Our first Parents being left to the freedom of their own will , fell from the state wherein they were created , by sinning against God k To. 2. Hom. xiij . Par. 2. When our great Grandfather Adam had broken Gods Commandment , in eating the Apple forbidden him in Paradise , at the motion and suggestion of his wife , he purchased thereby not only to himself , but also to his posterity for ever , the just wrath and indignation of God , who according to his former Sentence pronounced at the giving of the Commandment , condemned both him and all his to everlasting death , both of body and soul. Expl. 13. Here , for explanation sake , we may observe : ( 1. ) That our first Parents were created with freedom of will ; ( i. e. ) if they would have continued in their obedience they might , for they had a power to obey God perfectly ; and if they would sin they might , God left them ( and that very justly ) to themselves , he being not bound to hinder them ( though he could ) from sinning against him . ( 2. ) That by their sinning against God they lost this freedom , and with it all that happiness which did belong to a state of innocence and integrity ; for by their fall they were so bruised in all their powers and faculties , that they became unable to serve God ; and so bemired with the guilt and pollution of sin , that they were altogether unfit to enjoy God. A. 14. Sin is any want of conformity unto , or transgression of the Law of God. l Expl. 14. This description of sin doth agree to sins of all sorts , original or actual ; and these whether in thought , word , or deed , whether of omission or commission , of ignorance or of knowledg , of infirmity or presumption ; and to sins of all degrees and sizes , whether great or small ; for in all sin whatsoever ( whether it be of men or Devils ) there is a want of conformity to the Law of God , and a violation of his just will , as well as a repugnancy to the holiness of his nature . Neither is it improper to place the nature of sin in a privation or want of conformity ; for it is that which doth deprive and rob the rational creature of the rectitude or moral perfection of his own nature , which doth consist in his being like to God , and in being conformable to his will. A. 15. The sin whereby our first Parents fell from the estate wherein they were created , was their eating the forbidden fruit m . Homil. xij . This first man Adam , who having but one Commandment at Gods hand , namely , that he should not eat of the fruit of knowledg of good and evil , did notwithstanding most unmindfully , or rather most wilfully break it , in forgetting the strait charge of his Maker , and giving ear to the crafty suggestion of that wicked Serpent the Devil . Expl. 15. In this A. there are two things remarkable , ( 1. ) That our Parents by sinning lost that state of perfection which they had in Paradise ; and ( Christ only excepted , whatever some Quakers dream ) there was never any man perfectly innocent , or free from sin , since the fall . Now that state of perfection which our first Parents lost ( and we in them ) did consist ; ( 1. ) In their conformity to God , or in having his image stampt upon them , in knowledg , righteousness , and holiness . ( 2. ) In their perfect capacity and fitness to enjoy God their Creator . ( 2 dly , ) That the sin whereby they fell was direct disobedience , in eating the forbidden fruit ( whether an Apple , or whatever else ) , and that against a particular positive express Precept , thou shalt not eat of it ; which sin of theirs was a big-belly'd sin , and carried in it , ( 1. ) Pride and Ambition , to be as Gods in the Devils sense , ( i. e. ) in knowledg , or know as much as God himself . ( 2. ) Ingratitude , for their priviledg and liberty to eat of all other trees of the Garden . ( 3. ) Infidelity , not giving that credit and belief to God which he did to Satan . ( 4. ) This forbidden tree was the Seal of the Covenant of life , and therefore to eat of it was to tear off the Seal . A. 16. The Covenant being made with Adam not only for himself , but for his Posterity n , all mankind , descending from him by ordinary generation , sinned in him , and fell with him in his first transgression o . Homil. xij . The judgment of everlasting death , — fell not only on him , but also on his posterity and children for ever ; so that the whole brood of Adams flesh should sustain the self-same fall and punishment which their fore-father by his offence most fully had deserved . Exp. 16. We have here two things to be considered : ( 1 ) That Adam was not only the root of all mankind descending from him by ordinary generation , he being the first that God created of that species ; but also the representative of mankind , and did as a publick person stand for all his posterity in that Covenant of life which God made personally with him ; hence that common phrase , that we were all in his loyns , ( i. e. ) naturally , as descending from him ; and legally , as represented by him . Not but that we were also in the loyns of Eve ▪ but that man being first created , and of the more noble Sex , is principally taken notice of both in the Covenant and in the Transgression . For ( 2 dly , ) we are here to observe , that all mankind ( Christ the Son of God only excepted ) did sin in Adam ; By one sin entred into the world upon all , for as much as all have sinned . Some explain this by the example of Levi , who is said to pay tythes in Abraham , though Levi was not born some hundred years after Abraham did thus pay tythes : So all Adams posterity ( which proceed from him in the ordinary course of nature ) may be said as well to sin in Adam , though some of them might not be born some hundreds or thousands of years after him . We know that the bonds and compacts of Parents may reach the Children ; else they could not be liable nor capable of enjoying their estates , to pay their debts ; and the treason of the Parent doth legally taint the Son , till it please the Prince to take it off . And then further , as the righteousness of Christ the second Adam , and his obedience , is imputed to all that believe ; so the disobedience of the first Adam is reckoned to the score of all his posterity , because they were legally in him , and one with him when he sinned . A. 17. The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery p . Homil. ii . p. 1. Iob having in himself great experience of the miserable and sinful estate of man , doth open the same to the world , Chap. 14. Expl. 17. In this A. 't is observable , that the fall did not only put our first Parents actually under misery , but it did instate all his posterity in misery , and did entail sin upon them , as Ancestors do entail their Lands upon their posterity ; and if the second Adam had not by an act of infinite grace and wisdom cut off this entail in the behalf of believers , all mankind must for ever have continued not only heirs and children of wrath ( as we are all by nature , ) but also actually under the wrath of God for ever . For this was all the estate that our first Parents left to their posterity , sc. sin and misery . A. 18. The sinfulness of that estate whereunto man fell , consists in the guilt of Adams first sin q , the want of original righteousness r , and the corruption of his whole nature , which is commonly called original sin s , together with all actual transgressions , which proceed from it t . Artic. IX . Original or birth-sin is the fault and corruption of the nature of every man , that naturally is ingendred of the off-spring of Adam , whereby man is very far gone from original Righteousness , and is of his own nature inclin'd to evil . Expl. 18. There are four Particulars in this A. ( which do all suppose that Adam sin'd as a common Representative of all Mankind . ) As , ( 1. ) That the guilt of that single act of disobedience which Adam was guilty of , is very justly imputed to all the degenerate and sinful race of Adam ; for that Covenant which was made with him being made with us also in him , when he transgressed by eating the forbidden fruit , we his posterity are to be looked upon as Accessaries , and consenting to the fact ; and when he thus sinned , it was as much as if all his posterity had sinned in their own persons . ( 2 ) The want of original righteousness , or the want of power and ability to do the will of God which man had by Creation ; for God made man upright , that is , in a capacity and with ability to do the whole will of God ; which ability was not taken away from man till he had foolishly and wilfully thrown it away . ( 3. ) The corruption of the whole nature of man , and that in every mothers child of us ( the Child Iesus only excepted ) . For every one of us may truly say with David , one by one , Behold I was shapen in iniquity , and in sin did my mother conceive me : It being impossible that a clean thing should come out of an unclean . Now because this corruption of nature is the fountain of all manner of sin , both in thought , word , and deed , therefore it is called original sin . And then , ( 4. ) All those corrupt streams which do proceed from this corrupt fountain , are called actual sins ; by which I understand any action of a man , whether it be an internal action of the mind and soul ; or external , of the body , which is not conformable to the Law of God ; as also the neglect and omission of any action ( whether internal or external ) which the Law requires . A. 19. All mankind by their fall , lost communion with God u , are under his wrath and curse w , and so made liable to all miseries in this life , to death it self , and to the pains of hell for ever x . Homil. xij . As in Adam all men universally sinned ; so in Adam all men universally received the reward of their sin , i. e. they became mortal , and subject unto death , having in themselves nothing but everlasting damnation both of body and soul. — O what a miserable and woful state was this , that the sin of one man should destroy and condemn all men , that nothing in all the world might be lookt for , but only pangs of death , and pains of Hell. Expl. 19. Concerning this A. 't is observable in the general , That mans losses by the sall , do reach as far as the guilt of that first disobedience whereby he fell , namely , to all mankind ; yet more particularly , ( 1 st , ) Adam lost ( and we in him , and with him ) communion with God ; and the loss of this is a treble loss , ( 1. ) Of Gods sweet and gracious presence and company , and that in a most immediate manner , as one friend is personally present with another . ( 2. ) Of converse with God ; for whilst God and man were together in Paradise , and man continued innocent , their society was not like that of the Quakers in their Silent-Meetings , but there would have continued such familiarity betwixt them , as is betwixt two loving friends , they would have walked together , and talked together ; for if God did use that familiarity with Moses , Exod. 33.11 . since the fall , much more would he have continued it with Adam and his posterity , if they had never fal'n . ( 3. ) From this sweet company and converse would have sprung up in the heart , a continual satisfaction and delight to the soul of man ; for man yet continuing like God , he could not but love him , and delight himself in this sweet intercourse . ( 2 dly , ) The sinful posterity of Adam ( till interested in Christ ) are actually under the wrath of God , for God is angry with the wicked every day ; and actually under the curse , because under the Law , not under Grace . ( 3 dly , ) Man in this state is continually liable to have the curse executed upon him every moment , and has no protection at all either against the miseries of this life , or the pains of hell . A. 20. God having out of his meer good pleasure , from all eternity , elected some to everlasting life y , did enter into a Covenant of Grace , to deliver them out of the estate of sin and misery , and to bring them into an estate of salvation by a Redeemer z . Artic. xvij . Predestination to life is the everlasting purpose of God , whereby ( before the foundations of the world were laid ) he hath constantly decreed by his counsel secret to us , to deliver from curse and damnation those whom he hath chosen in Christ out of mankind , and to bring them to everlasting salvation , as vessels made unto honour . Homil. xij . Behold the goodness and tender mercy of God , — he ordained a new Covenant , and made a sure promise thereof , namely , that he would send a Messias or a Mediator into the world , which should make intercession , and put himself as a stay between both Parties ; to pacifie the wrath and indignation conceiv'd against sin , and to deliver man out of the miserable curse , and cursed misery whereinto he was fal'n head-long , by disobeying the will and commandment of the only Lord and Maker . Expl. 20. In which A. we have ( 1 st , ) Gods eternal purpose , and absolute decree , whereby he hath singled out or chosen some of mankind , upon whom he is resolved to bestow eternal life , and that out of his meer free grace , without any foresight of faith , obedience , perseverance , or any other condition , as a cause or motive inducing him to make this choice ; nay , the decree it self is not founded in the merits of Christ , but purely in the love of God ; though as for all the blessed effects of this decree ( as reconciliation , pardon , justification , adoption , sanctification , salvation , &c. ) are actually received and enjoyed , by the elect , only upon the consideration of the merits , righteousness , and satisfaction of Christ. Yet more distinctly , and for order sake , we may conceive of these two things in Gods decree of Election , ( 1. ) Gods most wise design , to advance the glory of his free-grace , in bringing many sons to glory . ( 2. ) That God of his free grace had singled and culled out a certain distinct number of persons for the enjoyment of this glory . Now this very act of Gods picking and culling out those particular persons whom he designed to save , is that we call very properly Election . Neither did this grace of God only appear in making this choice , and then in leaving his chosen ones to get eternal life and heaven as they could ; but ( 2 dly , ) He did also pitch upon an effectual means , or contrive a way whereby his chosen people should effectually and infallibly obtain eternal life ; and this was by entring into a Covenant of Grace , with Christ the second Adam , and the Mediator of the new Covenant ; and in Christ with all believers , that whosoever should believe on the Son of God , he would give unto them eternal life ; and that they should never enter into condemnation . Hence I infer , ( 1. ) That it is the free grace of God , and not the free will of man that maketh one man to differ from another , Paul from Iudas . ( 2. ) That the praise and glory of this difference is to be ascribed not unto man , but unto God , Not unto us , O Lord , &c. A. 21. The only Redeemer of Gods Elect is the Lord Jesus Christ a , who being the eternal Son of God , became man b , and so was , and continueth to be God and man , in two distinct natures , and one person c , for ever d . Artic. xviij . They also are to be had accursed , who presume to say that every man shall be saved by the Law or Sect which he professeth , so that he be diligent to frame his life according to that Law and the light of Nature . For the holy Scripture doth set out unto us only the name of Jesus Christ , whereby men must be saved . Hom. x. p. 2. — Reprobates perish through their own default — Christ Jesus as he is a rising up to none other than those who are Gods Children by Adoption ; so is his word , yea the holy Scripture , the power of God to salvation to them only that do believe it . Expl. 21. There are three things to be noted in this A. ( 1. ) That the Redeemer of Gods Elect is God as well as Man. ( 2. ) Man as well as God. ( 3. ) Both God and Man in one person . ( 1. ) He is God , for he is the Son of God , not by Creation ; as Adam was ; nor by natural generation , as we are all the Children of Adam ; but by eternal generation , so as that God the Father , who begat him , was not before him in time : And he was God , that his Godhead might keep his humane nature from sinking under infinite wrath when he suffered for our sins , that he might have power to raise himself from the grave , and rescue himself out of the jaws of death , that the dignity of his person might render his sufferings , obedience , intercession , and satisfaction of infinite value and efficacy , for the procuring of eternal life for his people , and that he might be in a capacity to bestow his Spirit upon them , and to conquer all their enemies for them . ( 2. ) He must be Man as well as God , that he might perform obedience , suffer , satisfie , and intercede for us in our nature ; that he might be a merciful High-Priest , and have a fellow-feeling of our infirmities . ( 3. ) Both God and Man in one person , that he might be a fit Mediator betwixt God and man , to make up the difference betwixt them , which sin had made . For as sin is the only make-bate , so Christ having taken our nature into union with the Godhead , is the only person that is in a capacity to make peace betwixt an offended God and offending man ; and that he might perform ( in the great work of Redemption ) whatever was requirable of both natures jointly in one person ; or whatever he was to do as head of the Church . A. 22. Christ the Son of God became man , by taking to himself a true body e , and a reasonable soul f , being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost , in the womb of the Virgin Mary , and born of her g , yet without sin h . Artic. xv . Christ in the truth of our nature was made like unto us in all things , sin only except , from which he was clear void , both in his flesh and in his spirit . Artic . II. The Son , which is the Word of the Father , begotten from everlasting of the Father , the very and eternal God , of one substance with the Father , took mans nature in the womb of the Virgin Mary , of her substance : So that two whole and perfect natures ▪ that is to say , the Godhead and Manhood , were joined together in one person , never to be divided ; whereof is one Christ , very God and very man , who truly suffered , was crucified , dead and buried , to reconcile his Father to us , and to be a Sacrifice not only for original guilt , but also for actual sins of men . Homil. xij . As truly as God liveth , so truly was Jesus Christ the true Messias and Saviour of the world , even the same Jesus which was born of the Virgin Mary , without all help of man , only by the power and operation of the Holy Ghost . Expl. 22. When it is here said , that Christ the Son of God became man , we are not to imagine that Christ did then lay down his Godhead , or that he did cease to be God , when he honoured mans nature so far as to take that upon him : for though he then began to be what he was not before , man ; yet he did not cease to be at his Incarnation what he was before , namely , God ; it being impossible altogether that the Godhead should admit of any change , because of its infinite perfection ; for every change is either for the better or for the worse , but the Godhead was infinitely ( as well as independently ) perfect , and consequently without all variableness or shadow of changing ; so that all the change which was in Christ at his Incarnation , it was in his humane nature only ; and that change was indeed for the better , for it was for the highest advancement , honour , and perfection that our nature was capable of . But Christ , though the Son of God , and therefore truly God , became man , ( 1. ) Not by being like unto man only in outward appearance , and to the outward senses , as a Phantasm , an Apparition , or a Ghost that doth appear in mans shape , as those Hereticks of old call'd the Marcionites did fancy : No , he became man , ( 2. ) By taking the real body of man , or by taking flesh , blood , bones , nerves , sinews , hands , feet , and all other integral parts of the very same kind with those of mans body . His body was such , that it did grow in stature from that of a child to that of a man , and was subject to the touch or feeling . ( 3. ) By taking a reasonable soul , or a soul furnished with the very same powers and faculties that ours have , for the kind , as understanding , will , affections , memory , &c. and was capable of the improvement of these , as of growing in wisdom and knowledg , according to his humane nature . ( 4. ) By being conceived of the Holy Ghost , i. e. in a manner supernatural , or above nature , and not in an ordinary way of natural generation , but by the immediate and omnipotent operation of the Spirit the third person in the Trinity , who did in a way altogether unexpressible by man , and without the help of man , frame the body of the holy Child Jesus in the Virgin Maries womb , wherein this blessed Babe continued the space of Nine Months , as other children do in their mothers womb , and then was born into the world in fulness of time , as they are ; but yet without sin , as they are not . A. 23. Christ as our Redeemer , executeth the offices of a Prophet i , of a Priest k , and of a King l , both in his estate of Humiliation and Exaltation . Expl. 23. By this word Redeemer , we are to understand the same with Mediator , and by both the second Person in the Trinity , as he was ( upon Covenant and Contract made with the Father ) to mediate peace betwixt God and man , and to manage the whole work of Redemption , in order to the justification , sanctification , and salvation of the Elect ; and that not only whilst he was here upon earth to be our King , Priest , and Prophet ; but now that he is in heaven , he ever lives to make intercession for us , and doth still guide , and teach , and govern his Church by his Word and Spirit . A. 24. Christ executeth the office of a Prophet , in revealing to us m , by his Word n , and Spirit o , the Will of God for our Salvation . Hom. xvij . By this our heavenly Mediator do we know the favour and mercy of God the Father , by him know we his will and pleasure towards us , for he is the brightness of his Fathers glory , and a very clear image and pattern of his substance . It is he whom the Father in heaven delighteth to have for his beloved Son , authorized to be our Teacher , whom he charged us to hear , saying , Hear him . Expl. 24. When Christ is here called a Prophet , we are not to restrain this part of his Office only to his foretelling all such things as should befall his Church , or the enemies thereof , though this he has done in Prophetical Scriptures , so far as he thought necessary for the good of his Church : But he is principally called a Prophet ( and that Prophet ) because of that power , commission , and ability which he has , and doth exercise , in revealing and declaring ( both outwardly by his Word , and inwardly by his Spirit ) the whole mind and will of God , which was necessary to be known by man in order to salvation . And for this reason he is called in Scripture the Word ( and the Word was made flesh ) , and his name is [ the Word of God ] , because that as a man does make known what his mind and will is by his words , either written or spoken ; so God the Father doth make known unto man by Christ what he would have men to believe and do in order to salvation ; and that either mediately , by committing the word of Christ unto writings , as in the Scripture ; or immediately , by the Spirit of Truth , as he did communicate and speak his mind to Moses , the Prophets , and Apostles . A. 25. Christ executeth the office of a Priest , in his once offering up of himself a Sacrifice to satisfie Divine Justice p , and to reconcile us to God q , and in making continual intercession for us r . Homil. xx . p. 1. We having nothing of our selves to present us to God , have need of a Mediator for to bring and reconcile us unto him , who for our sins is angry with us . The same is Jesus Christ , — to pacifie his wrath . — For he alone did with the Sacrifice of his Body and Blood , make satisfaction unto the Justice of God for our sins . To. 1. Hom. III. p. 2. We must trust only in Gods mercy , and that Sacrifice which our High-Priest and Saviour Christ Jesus the Son of God once offered for us upon the Cross , to obtain thereby Gods grace , and remission as well of our original sin , as of all a ●●●al sin , — if we truly repent and turn unfeignedly unto him . To. 11. Hom. xi . Reconciled to Gods favour , we are taught to know what Christ by his intercession and mediation obtaineth for us of his Father , when we be obedient to his will ; yea , attributeth that unto us and to our doings , that he by his Spirit worketh in us , and through his grace procureth for us . Expl. 25. In this A. we have both the parts of Christs Priestly Office , as , ( 1 st , ) Satisfaction , and this twofold , ( 1. ) To the whole Law , in fulfilling all righteousness , in the perfect performance of what the Law required from him . ( 2. ) To the Iustice of God , in undergoing the Curse of the Law , for the Elect ; and this he did by his sufferings , but especially when his Soul was made an offering for sin , or when he was sacrificed for sinners . In which Offering he was , ( 1. ) The Priest , for he offered up himself , or he laid down his life of himself ; and he was the Priest as God-man . ( 2. ) He was the Altar , principally according to his Divine nature , because the Altar was to sanctifie the gift offered , and therefore was to be more excellent than the Sacrifice it self . ( 3. ) He was also the Sacrifice , for he offered the Sacrifice of himself , ( i. e. ) according to the humane nature properly , and this therefore is called the Sacrifice of his Body and of his Blood ; and all this , that there might be some kind of compensation made , or satisfaction given to God , for that wrong which we had done to him . ( 2 dly , ) We have the intercession of Christ , which is the other part of Christs Priestly Office , whereby Christ doth present himself continually before the Father , pleading his blood and merit for the satisfaction that he has made to Divine Justice , and for the reconciliation of God to the sinner . And his intercession is rather by way of plea at the Bar of Justice , than by way of prayer and supplication at a Throne of Grace ; and therefore it is that he is called our Advocate . A. 26. Christ executeth the office of a King , in subduing us to himself s , in ruling and defending us t , and in restraining and conquering all his and our Enemies u . To. 2. Homil. xiv . He sitteth on the right hand of his heavenly Father , having the rule of heaven and earth ; reigning as the Prophet saith , Psal. 17. from Sea to Sea , — he hath overcome the Devil , Death , and Hell , and hath victoriously gotten the better hand of them all , to make us free and safe from them . Homil. xvij . p. 3. To this our Saviour and Mediator hath God the Father given the power of heaven and earth , and the whole jurisdiction and authority to distribute his gifts committed to him , — and thereupon to execute his authority committed , after that he had brought sin and the Devil to captivity , to be no more hurtful to his members , he ascended up into heaven again , and from thence sent liberal gifts to his well-beloved Servants , and hath still the power to the worlds end , to distribute his Fathers gifts continually in his Church , to the establishment and comfort thereof . Expl. 26. Yet more fully Christ doth execute his Kingly Office , ( 1 st , ) By his authority , in setting up a government in his Church , which in the outward form or administration thereof is to be managed by such Officers , and according to such Laws , Ordinances , and Censures as he hath appointed in his word . ( 2 dly , ) By his Power , as ( 1. ) That of his Almightiness , whereby he is able to subdue all things to himself , and to make his very enemies his foot-stool . ( 2. ) Of his Grace , whereby he doth subdue the hearts of his chosen people to himself , and makes them a willing people in the day of his power . ( 3. ) Of his Spirit , whereby he doth sanctifie his people , and fit them for heaven , as also support , guide , and comfort them under all the afflictions they meet with on earth . ( 4. ) By his Iustice , in punishing his and his Churches adversaries . A. 27. Christs Humiliation consisted in his being born , and that in a low condition w , made under the Law x , undergoing the miseries of this life y , the wrath of God z , and the cursed death of the the Cross a , in being buried , and continuing under the power of death for a time b . Hom. III. p. 3. — Hath given his own natural Son ' being God eternal , immortal , and equal unto himself in power and glory , to be incarnated , and take our mortal nature upon him , with the infirmities of the same , and in the same nature to suffer most painful and shameful death for our offences , to the intent to justifie us , and restore us to life everlasting . Hom. xij . He did hunger and thirst , eat and drink , sleep and wake , — preach his Gospel , — weep and sorrow for Ierusalem , pay tribute for himself and Peter , suffer death . Expl. 27. In the general , Christs Humiliation doth consist , in all that which did befall him from the first moment of his conception in the Virgins womb , to the very time of his resurrection from the grave : ( 1. ) He was humbled in his conception ; that he who was God equal with the Father , should according to his humane nature have a body framed for him in the womb of a Virgin , and should continue ●●ose Prisoner there for the space of about nine months , whom the heaven of heavens cannot contain . ( 2. ) Humbled in his birth , in that he was born of a woman , and that not an Empress or Princess , but a woman of a mean rank and low estate , though a Virgin ; that he who was the Son of God , and the Father of eternity , or himself the everlasting Father , should in fulness of time be born in the form of a servant , made under the Law , not only in a state of subjection to the commands of it , but also liable , to the curse of it , which was due only to us , and not to him , but only as he was our Surety , and all this that we might receive the adoption of Sons , who deserved not to be called Servants . That he who was Heir of all things , and made this great house the World , should be so unfurnisht with houshold goods , as to have no better Cradle than a Manger . ( 3. ) In his life he humbled himself to the infirmities of our nature , as hunger , cold , nakedness , poverty , &c. to undergo with admirable patience , the unkindnesses and forsakings of his friends , the reproaches , indignities , and persecutions of his enemies ; yea and to be tempted by that great enemy of mankind the Devil . ( 4. ) In his death , that he should dye at all , who is the Author of natural , spiritual , and eternal life ; and besides , could he not , if he would , have translated himself from earth to heaven ( as Enoch was translated ) without dying at all ; but then that the King of Glory should dye the ●ost shameful death , that of the Cross , and in the basest company , betwixt two Theeves . ( 5 ) After death , in having his body laid in the earth , who had before made the heavens , and laid the foundation of the earth . And last of all , that he should continue under the power of death & the grave for three days , who could ( if he would ) within less than three moments , yea in less time than a moment have raised his body from the grave . O incomprehensible humiliation ! and that which should fill us all with grateful and astonishing admiration at it , that all this was for sinful man ! A. 28. Christs Exaltation consisteth in his rising again from the dead on the third day c , in ascending up into heaven , and sitting at the right hand of God the Father d , and in coming to judg the world at the last day e . Artic. IV. Christ did truly rise again from death , and took again his body , with flesh , bones , and all things appertaining to the perfection of mans nature , wherewith he ascended into heaven , and there sitteth until he return to judg all men at the last day . To. 2. Hom. xiv . After this world Judg as well of the living as of the dead , to give reward to the good , and judgment to the evil . Hom. xvij . p. 3. By him hath Almighty God decreed to dissolve the world , to call all before him , to judg both the quick and the dead ; and finally , by him shall he condemn the wicked to eternal fire in hell , and give the good eternal life , and set them assuredly in presence with him in heaven for ever more . Expl. 28. Christ is here exalted , ( 1 st , ) In his resurrection ; and here ( 1. ) The glory of his power was exalted , for he raised himself by his own Almighty power , and thereby declared himself to be the Son of God. ( 2. ) The glory of his truth , for he raised himself , as he had foretold , within three days . ( 3. ) The glory of his authority , for he rose as a publick person , and thereby declared himself Head of the Church . ( 4. ) The glory of his mercy , for he rose again for our justification ; for if he had not received a discharge from his Father , and had he not been released from the prison of the grave , it would have been an evidence against us , that our debt was not paid . ( 2 dly , ) He was exalted by his ascension , ( 1. ) If we consider the manner of it , it was with glorious triumph over hell and death . ( 2. ) His ascension was into heaven , namely , into the heaven of heavens , that which is called Paradise and the third Heaven , whether Enoch and Elias went. ( 3. ) In his bounty and grace , he ascended that he might give gifts to men . ( 3 dly , ) Exalted in his sitting , &c. for his Session at the right hand of the Father , doth declare him to be supreme Head of the Church . ( 4 thly , ) In judging the world , he will be exalted , ( 1. ) In his authority . ( 2. ) In his righteousness . A. 29. We are made partakers of the Redemption purchased by Christ , by the effectual application of it to us f , by his holy Spirit g . Artic. xvij . — They which be endued with so excellent a benefit of God ( viz. Election ) be called according to Gods purpose , working in due season ; they through grace obey the calling ; be freely justified , &c. Expl. 29. In this A. is plainly laid before us the manner how , and means whereby all that Christ has done and suffered for sinners ( as Mediator ) , and all that he is now doing in heaven for them , doth become effectual to the compleat redemption , and eternal salvation of all true Christians , sc. by the real and actual application of all this unto them . For though Christ , the great Physitian of value , has made the healing Plaister of his Blood sufficiently broad enough both to cover and to cure all the wounds that sin hath made in all the men in the world ; yet the far greater part of the world do dye and perish of their wounds , because they will not suffer this soveraign Plaister to be apply'd to them , in the sound preaching of the Gospel , neither will they abide to have their wounds searched in order to cure : Now for the manner how , and the means whereby this Plaister is apply'd ; I answer , ( 1. ) It is outwardly , by the Ministers of the Gospel , unto all those that do believe , as when they preach this Doctrine , that whosoever believeth shall be saved . ( 2. ) Inwardly , by the Holy Spirit , who does not only lay on the Plaister in a work of conviction , but doth make it become effectually healing in a work of conversion and sanctification . For the means , see the next A. A. 30. The Spirit applieth to us the Redemption purchased by Christ , by working faith in us h ; and thereby uniting us to Christ in our Effectual Calling i . Homil. II. Of the Passion . As it profiteth a man nothing to have S●lve , unless it be well-applied to the part infected ; so the death of Christ shall stand us in no force , unless we apply it to our selves , as God hath appointed . Almighty God commonly worketh by means ; and in this thing he hath also ordained a certain mean , whereby we may take fruit and profit to our Souls health . Homil. xvi . p. 2. The Holy Ghost is a Spiritual and Divine Substance , the Third person in the Trinity , distinct from the Father and the Son , and yet proceeding from them both , — doth regenerate ; which the more it is hid from our understanding , the more it ought to move all men to wonder at the secret and mighty working of Gods holy Spirit which is within us : For it is the Holy Ghost , and no other thing , that doth quicken the minds of men , stirring up good and godly motions in their hearts , which are agreeable to the will and commandment of God , such as otherwise of their crooked and perverse nature they should never have . — Who is the only worker of our sanctification , and maketh us new in Christ. Expl. 30. Here we have the particular means or instrument which the Holy Spirit makes use of for the applying of the Redemption purchased by Christ , to all those whom he has redeemed by his blood . Not that the Spirit may be said to believe in the elect , but that he doth work that faith in them whereby they ( as Members ) are united to Christ their Head , and so do mystically and spiritually ( but really ) become one with him , for they that are thus joined to the Lord , are one spirit ; and so being one with Christ , what was done for them by Christ as their Mediator , Head , and Husband , is accounted as done by themselves ; he having pay'd their debt as their Surety , they receive their discharge , and shall never come into condemnation , or be cast into Prison , after they are once thus one with Christ , and effectually called by the Spirit . A. 31. Effectual Calling is the work of Gods Spirit k , whereby convincing us of our sin and misery l , enlightning our minds in the knowledg of Christ m , and renewing our wills n , he doth perswade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ freely offered to us in the Gospel o . Artic. X. The condition of man after the fall of Adam is such , that he cannot turn and prepare himself by his own natural strength and good works to faith , and calling upon God : Wherefore we have no power to do good works pleasant and acceptable to God , without the grace of God by Christ preventing us , that we may have a good will , and working with us when we have that good will. Hom. II. Of Alms , p. 2. The good deeds of man are not the cause of making him good , but he is first made good by the Spirit and grace of God , that effectually worketh in him , and afterward he bringeth forth good fruit . — God of his mercy and special favour towards them whom he hath appointed to everlasting salvation , hath so offer'd his grace especially , and they have so received it fruitfully , that though by reason of their sinful living outwardly , they seemed before to have been the children of wrath and perdition , yet now the Spirit of God mightily working in them , unto obedience to Gods will and commandments , they declare by their outward deeds and life , in the shewing of mercy and charity , which cannot come but of the Spirit of God , and his especial grace , that they are the undoubted children of God , appointed to everlasting life . Expl. 31. That we may the better know what effectual Calling is , we are to consider of a double Call , which doth many times prove ineffectual ; as , ( 1. ) Outward , in the preaching of the Word , and the voice of the Rod , or any Providence whatsoever , which doth call men to repentance , faith , and holiness ; but notwithstanding all these outward Calls , there are Millions in the world who turn the deaf ear to God , and will not return to him by repentance , nor come to Christ by faith . ( 2 dly , ) There is an inward Call , which is no less ineffectual than the former , and it is the Spirits Call , as when he proceeds no further than that which Divines call a common work ; as ( 1. ) Common illumination , or some kind of floating knowledg in the head , concerning the word of God , and spiritual matters ; and no doubt but many men who have wicked hearts , and lead bad lives , may be well stored with gifts of this kind ; as Iudas for one . ( 2. ) Some kind of flashy affections excited and stir'd up in the Soul towards good things , called foretasts of the powers of the world to come ; and such was in Herod and Balaam . ( 3. ) Some kind of faint languishing inclinations in the will to obedience , such as Herod had when he did many things . ( 4. ) Some kind of sense of sin , both in its guilt and horrour , such as Iudas had ; and yet notwithstanding all this inward work of the Spirit , his Call may be ineffectual . And if all this may be without success , then no wonder if the Arminians Call , that of moral suasion , or of arguments , do prove no better . But then ( 2 dly , ) There is another inward Call of the Spirit , which is effectual to the Elect ; sc. that whereby the Spirit doth not only call , but enable them to come at his call , as when he doth renew the mind , and change the will , sanctifie the heart , purifie the conscience and affections ; and doth work a lively faith in such persons , and repentance from dead works . A. 32. They that are Effectually called , do in this life partake of Justistification p , Adoption q , Sanctification , and the several benefits which in this life do either accompany , or flow from them r . Artic. xvij . — They through grace obey the Calling ; they be justified freely , they be made Sons of God by Adoption ; they be made like the image of his only begotten Son Jesus Christ ; they walk religiously in good works , and at length by Gods mercy they attain to everlasting felicity . Expl. 32. Into the nature of these particular Benefits of Effectual Calling , there will be occasion to enquire hereafter ; but as to the certainty of the thing , that all that are effectually called shall partake of these , is evident from these grounds : ( 1. ) In that Christ did purchase these benefits , not for himself , but for them ; nay , he had never laid down such a price in his Fathers hands , but for the sake of Believers . ( 2. ) The tenour of the Covenant of Grace doth ascertain this , for when God the Father and Son did treat together concerning the redemption of the Elect , it was upon these terms , sc. That upon the Sons undertaking to satisfie both the Law and Justice of God , and upon the full performance of this undertaking , all those that do believe in Christ ( though by nature they had been children of wrath as well as others ) should upon their believing , be justified , adopted , sanctified , and saved . ( 3. ) Upon their believing they do receive Christ , and he gives himself freely to them ; and how shall they not with him , have all things else they stand in need of . A. 33. Justification is an Act of Gods free-grace , wherein he pardoneth all our sins s , and accepteth us as righteous in his fight t , only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us u , and received by faith alone w . Artic. II. We are accounted righteous before God only for the merit of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ by faith , and not for our own works or deservings . To. I. Hom. III. Because all men be sinners and offen-ders , and breakers of his Law and Commandments , therefore can no man by his own acts , works , and deeds ( seem they never so good ) be justified and made righteous before God ; but every one is constrained to see for another righteousness — and this which we so receive of Gods mercy and Christs merits embraced by faith , is taken , accepted , and allow'd of God for our perfect and full justification . Part 3. Our works do not merit or deserve remission of our sins , and make us of unjust , just before God : but God of his own mercy , through the only merits and deservings of his Son Jesus Christ , doth justifie us . Nevertheless , because Faith doth directly send us to Christ for remission of our sins , and that by faith given us of God , we embrace the promise of Gods mercy , and of the remission of our sins ( which thing none other of our virtues or works properly doth ) therefore the Scripture useth to say , that faith without works doth justifie ; or only faith doth justifie . — Not through the merit of any virtue that we have within us , or of any work that cometh from us ; therefore in that respect , — we forsake ( as it were ) altogether again faith , works , and all other virtues . For our own imperfection is so great , through the corruption of Original sin , that all is imperfect that is within us , faith , charity , hope , dread , thoughts , words , and works , and therefore not apt to merit and deserve any part of our justification for us . Tom. 2. Hom. IV. It is of the free grace and mercy of God , by the mediation of the blood of his Son Jesus Christ , without merit or deserving on our part , that our sins are forgiven us , that we are reconciled and brought again into his favour , and are made heirs of his heavenly Kingdom . Expl. 33. This word [ justification ] doth signifie , not only to make just or righteous , but also to make a man appear so ; ( yet not by infusing or working grace or righteousness in the Soul , for this is the meaning of that word sanctification ) , or it signifies the believing sinners being reputed or accounted righteous in the sight of God , in and through the righteousness of Christ imputed to the sinner , or accounted as his own ; for as condemnation doth suppose a man guilty , because the just God doth not condemn men for nothing ; so justification doth suppose a man discharged from guilt , and so not obnoxious to the penalty or curse of the Law ; now because the sinner cannot expect to receive this discharge by vertue of his own personal righteousness , because all his righteousness is imperfect , or as a menstrous rag ; therefore he must be found not having on his own righteousness for his justification , but the righteousness of Christ. But more particularly in this A. we have ( 1. ) The principal Author , or prime efficient cause of justification , and this is God ; Who is he that condemneth ? it is God that justifieth . God the Father , as accepting of what Christ has done for sinners ; and God the Son , as procuring our discharge ; and God the Holy Ghost , as applying the merits of Christ to us , and working faith in us , whereby we receive so great a benefit . ( 2. ) The inward moving cause , free-grace ; and not any foresight of faith or obedience in the sinner , to move him to it . ( 3. ) The matter of justification , or in reference to what the sinner is justified ; namely , the guilt of sin and curse of the Law. ( 4. ) The manner , which consists in a legal discharge of the sinner from his former obligation to punishment , here called the pardon of his sins , and accepting of him as righteous . ( 5. ) The meritorious cause , only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to the believing sinner . ( 6. ) The instrumental cause , or condition , sc. faith ; for the sinner through the means of his faith , or upon the condition of his believing , is thus justified . A. 34. Adoption is an Act of Gods free-grace x , whereby we are received into the number , and have right to all the priviledges of the Sons of God y . Tom. 1. Hom. III. p. 3. — So making us also his dear children , brethren unto his only Son , our Saviour Christ , and inheritors for ever with him of his eternal Kingdom of Heaven . Hom. X. p. 2. He is a rising up to none other than those which are Gods children by adoption . Hom. xi . p. 2. By their obedience they declare openly unto to the sight of men , that they are Sons of God , and elect of him unto Salvation . Expl. 34. More plainly , Adoption , it is Gods taking of those into his care and Family , as his children by grace , who were by nature the children of wrath , and by practice the children of disobedience ; and all that they may enjoy the honour , advantages , and priviledges of his children ; as ( 1. ) They bear their Fathers Name and likeness , or his badg and cognizance , whereby they are known to belong to him , and that is their holiness . So that those who are afraid to be accounted godly , they are afraid to be God-like , and so disown their Father , as if ashamed of him . ( 2. ) They are all heirs of God , and joint-heirs with Christ their elder Brother , to an heavenly Inheritance . ( 3. ) They have the Spirit of his Son given to them , whereby they are inabled to call God Father , and to come to a throne of grace with the boldness of children . ( 4. ) They are under Gods fatherly protection , so that nothing can harm them . ( 5. ) They are provided for by him , and therefore can want no good thing . ( 6. ) They have a sanctified use of the creatures , and of all temporal good things , yea afflictions themselves are for their good . A. 35. Sanctification is the work of Gods free-grace z , whereby we are renewed in the whole man , after the Image of God a , and are enabled more and more to dye unto sin , and live unto righteousness b . Hom. II. p. 2. The holy Apostle calleth us Saints , because we are sanctified and made holy by the blood of Christ through the Holy Ghost . Hom. xvi . p. 1. — It is he which inwardly worketh the regeneration and new birth . — The more it is hid from the understanding , the more it ought to move all men to wonder at the secret and mighty working of Gods holy Spirit which is within us . For it is the Holy Ghost , and no other thing , that doth quicken the minds of men , stirring up good and godly motions in their hearts , which are agreeable to the will and commandment of God ; such as otherwise of their own crooked and perverse nature , they should never have . That which is born of the spirit is spirit . As who should say , man of his own nature is fleshly and carnal , corrupt and naught , sinful and disobedient to God , without any spark of goodness in him , without any virtuous or godly motion , only given to evil thoughts and wicked deeds As for the works of the Spirit , the fruits of Faith , charitable and godly motions , if he have any at all in him , they proceed only of the Holy Ghost , who is the only worker of our sanctification , and maketh us new men in Christ Jesus . — Such is the power of the Holy Ghost to regenerate men , and as it were to bring forth a-new , that they shall be nothing like the men they were before . Expl. 35. As for sanctification , it is no less a work of free-grace than justification and adoption ; and in Scripture-phrase it is the new man , new creature , and a mans being created a-new in Christ Jesus unto good works ; in which and the like expressions is plainly set before us , the large compass , extent , and comprehension of this work ; for herein all things must become new ; the nature renewed , or changed from its corrupt and carnal state , to a state of real and true holiness , though imperfect in this life ; the mind renewed in saving-knowledg ; the will renewed , by being subdued and made pliable to the will of God ; the affections renewed , by being spiritualized , or fixed upon spiritual good objects ; and so the memory , conscience , phancy , &c. as also the life , because in this change a man becomes a new man. The particular parts of which sanctification are , ( 1. ) Mortification , or a Believers being dead unto sin , ( i. e. ) in his inclinations , thoughts , cares , affections , endeavours , all which were before lively and strong towards sin . ( 2. ) Vivification , or a living unto righteousness , ( i. e. ) being holy in all manner of conversation . A. 36. The benefits which in this life do accompany or flow from Justification , Adoption and Sanctification , are assurance of Gods love , peace of conscience , joy in the Holy Ghost c , increase of grace d , and perseverance therein unto the end e . To. 1. Hom. ix . p. 2. All those therefore have great cause to be full of joy , that be joined to Christ with true faith , stedfast hope , and perfect charity , and not to fear death nor everlasting damnation . — But rather contrariwise , their godly conversation in this life , and belief in Christ , cleaving continually to his mercies , should make them so long sore after that life that remaineth for them undoubtedly after this bodily death . To. 2. Hom. xij . Released from the burden of sin , justified through faith in his blood , and finally received up into everlasting glory , there to reign with him for ever . Expl. 36. By this [ first priviledg of assurance ] we are to understand , not meerly a believers probable guess or conjecture , or his hope and expectation to be saved ; but an infallible certainty , or that which is called in Scripture the full assurance of faith , concerning the love of God , and the believers eternal salvation ; which certainty is built , ( 1. ) Upon the infallible certainty of Gods promise to save those who do believe or accept of Christ , as he is tendered in the Gospel . ( 2. ) Upon the unquestionable evidence of the truth and reality of those graces unto which the promise of salvation is made . ( 3. ) Upon the necessary connexion which there is betwixt the means and the end , betwixt true and saving-grace and salvation it self . ( 4. ) And upon the sure testimony of the Spirit of Adoption , witnessing with the spirit or conscience of this or that particular believer by name , that he is a Child of God. Concerning which assurance these three things are to be noted , ( 1. ) That there may be a true saving-faith , where there is not the full assurance of faith . It doth belong to a believer only , but not to every believer . ( 2. ) That it is every believers duty to look after this assurance , to use his utmost endeavours to make his Calling and Election sure . ( 3. ) Though this assurance may be darkened , diminished , and interrupted through sin or temptation , yet it is ever accompanied with so much secret support to the soul , as that it does keep the soul from total and final despair . And so there is room left still for [ the second benefit , sc. ] peace of conscience ; in which there is , ( 1. ) Something privative , sc. a very comfortable freedom ( not perfect and universal ) from that which Divines call trouble of mind , arising from the apprehension of guilt and of the wrath of God ; and though in one who has this assurance , the peace of his mind may be disturbed , yet it is but disturbed , and not absolutely lost ; as the peace of a State is not lost by every tumult whereby it is disturbed . ( 2. ) There is something positive in this peace , sc. that sweet calm and satisfaction which there is in the mind upon the attaining of this assurance . [ Third benefit , sc. ] Ioy in the Holy Ghost , sc. a joy springing up in the soul from the comfort and certainty of his testimony , and for the sweetness of his presence . [ Fourthly , growth of grace ] If not so observably in the leaf and fruit , yet in the root , like a plant in winter . [ Perseverance in grace ] Not depending upon the mutability of mans will , but upon the immutability of Gods decree and purpose to save the believer , upon the unchangeableness of the Fathers love ; upon the purchase , merit , and intercession of the Son ; upon the abiding presence of the Holy Ghost , together with the victorious efficacy of his grace in the soul ; and upon the stability of the Covenant of grace , which is ordered in all things and sure . A. 37. The Souls of Believers are at their death made perfect in holiness f , and do immediately pass into glory g , and their bodies being still united to Christ h , do rest in their Graves i , till the Resurrection k . Artic. xxij . The Romish Doctrine concerning Purgatory , Pardons , — is vainly feigned , and grounded upon no warrant of Scripture , but rather repugnant to the word of God. Hom. vij . Of Prayer , p. 3. The soul of man passing out of the Body , goeth straightways either to Heaven or else to Hell ; whereof the one needeth no prayer , and the other is without redemption . — The Scripture doth acknowledg but two places after this life ; the one proper to the elect and blessed of God , the other the reprobate and damned souls . Expl. 37. At death Believers are made perfect in holiness , ( 1. ) Negatively , i. e. they sin no more from that very moment , but are freed from sin for ever . ( 2. ) Positively , ( 1. ) The image of God is then perfect in the believers soul ; and the full bent of his will is to do the will of God as the Angels do it in heaven , perfectly , and without all reluctancy . ( 2. ) It doth immediately enter into eternal life , when it leaves the body , and not into any middle state , as that of Purgatory . ( 3. ) Their bodies , though separated from their souls for a time , yet they do still remain unseparated from Christ , and therefore do remain under his care whilst they sleep in the grave , so that he will not lose any one member of them . A. 38. At the Resurrection , Believers being raised up in Glory l , shall be openly acknowledged and acquitted in the day of judgment m , and made perfectly blessed in full enjoying of God n , to all Eternity o To. 2. Hom. xiv . The truth of this most Christian Article ( of the resurrection ) which is the ground and foundation of our whole Religion . — O most comfortable word , evermore to be born in remembrance ; he dyed ( saith St. Paul , 1 Cor. 15. ) to put away sin , he rose again to endow us with righteousness , — by his resurrection hath he purchased life and victory for us , — opened the gates of heaven , to enter into life everlasting , — to enjoy an inheritance immortal , that never shall perish , which is laid up in heaven for them that are kept by the power of God through faith , — set with himself among the heavenly Citizens above . — If thou hast received Christ in true faith , with repentance of heart , and full purpose of amendment , thou hast received him for an everlasting gage , or pledg of thy salvation . — Rising with him by our faith , we shall have our bodies likewise raised again from death , to have them glorified in immortality , and joined to his glorious body , having in the mean while his holy Spirit in our hearts , as a seal and pledg of our everlasting inheritance . Expl. 38. At the resurrection of a Believer , ( 1. ) There is a re-union of a soul which is free from corruption or sin , to a glorified body that is incorruptible . ( 2. ) These two parts being thus re-united , in the very same individual person to whom they did belong before death , will be actually capable , at the resurrection , of all that eternal bliss which Christ hath purchased and prepared for them . ( 3. ) Then Christ will openly acknowledg , own , and approve every true Christian to be a part of his body mystical , and that before his Father and all the holy Angels . ( 4. ) The Believer then shall receive his general discharge and acquitment in a most solemn , publick , and triumphant manner , from all manner of guilt whatsoever , so as that none shall be able to lay any thing to the charge of Gods elect . For though a Believer does receive his private discharge from all his sins at his death , and as it were under the privy Seal ; yet his discharge is ratified , confirmed , and as it were enter'd into the publick Records at the day of Judgment . CHAP. II. Of things to be done in the Ten Commandments ; with a short Explanation of 46 A. from 38 to 85. A. 39. THE duty which God requireth of man , is obedience to his revealed Will. p To. 1. Hom. V. The good works God hath commanded his people to walk in , are such as he hath commanded in the holy Scripture ; and not such works as men have studied out of their own brain , of a blind zeal and devotion without the word of God : And by mistaking the nature of good works , man hath most highly displeased God , and hath gone from his Will and Commandments . To. 2. Hom. X. p. 3. Mark diligently what his Will is you should do , and with all your endeavour apply your selves to follow the same . Expl. 39. By obedience to the revealed Will of God , we are in the general to understand , the conformity of our wills , affections , words , and actions to the preceptive or commanding Will of God ; for all this is comprehended in that one Scripture , Fear God , and keep his Commandments , for this is the whole duty of man. It is the will of Gods command which doth declare and require what is our duty ; but as for the secret will of Gods eternal purpose , though it be a rule to himself , whereby he acts , yet it neither is nor can be the rule of our actions , because not known to us , nor indeed curiously to be enquired after ; nor is it barely the revelation of Gods will that makes it our duty to observe it , but the revelation of it to this very end and purpose , that man do willingly conform to it . A. 40. The Rule which God at first revealed to man for his obedience , was the Moral Law q . To. 2. Hom. X. Let us esteem the holy Table of Gods Word , — appointed by him , to instruct us in all necessary works , so that we may be perfect before him in the whole course of our life . To. 1. Hom. 1. p. 3. Such hath been the corrupt inclination of man , ever superstitiously given to make new honouring of God of his own head , and then to have more affection and devotion to keep that , than to search out Gods holy Commandments and to keep them . — Which we should know , to separate or sever Gods Commandments from the commandments of men . — In keeping the Commandments of God , standeth the pure , principal , right honour of God , and which wrought in faith , God hath ordained to be the right trade and pathway to heaven . Expl. 40. When it is here said , that the Moral Law was at first , i. e. in a state of innocency , revealed to man , i. e. to our first Parents in Paradise ; we are not to understand , that this revelation was visible to the eye , as afterwards the writing of it was in two Tables of Stone ; nor to be heard by the ear , as when it was first given by God in Mount Sinai : But it was at first revealed inwardly . i. e. it was imprinted in the hearts and minds of our first Parents , ( except that positive prohibition of eating the forbidden fruit ) ; yet being in a great part blotted out , was afterwards written in two Tables of Stone . A. 41. The Moral Law is summarily comprehended in the Ten Commandments r . Ham. V. Christ rehearsing the Commandments , declared , that the Laws of God be the very way that doth lead to everlasting life , and not the Traditions and Laws of men . So that the works of the Moral Commandments of God , be the very true works of Faith , which lead to the blessed life to come . To. 2. Hom. II. — Containing the immutable Law and Ordinances of God , in no age or time to be altered , nor of any persons , of any Nation , of any age to be disobey'd . Expl. 41. By a Law in the general , we are to understand , the Will of the Lawgiver requiring duty : But here by the Moral Law we are to understand , ( 1. ) More generally , the revealed Will of God , of what man is to believe and do in order to salvation . ( 2. ) More particularly , the Decalogue , which is the sum of all Moral Laws , which are scattered up and down in the Scripture . And this Decalogue ( or Ten Words , or Ten Commandments ) may be called Moral , ( 1. ) Because of the universality of it ; for the Decalogue doth oblige all mankind , it being that very Law , for substance , which was written in very legible Characters in the heart of Adam , and is not quite blotted out of the minds of the veryest Gentiles in the world . ( 2. ) It doth oblige at all times . ( 3. ) The whole man , for it requires as well the internal obedience of the soul , and all its powers and faculties , as outward obedience of the body . A. 42. The sum of the Ten Commandments , is to love the Lord our God with all our heart , with all our soul , with all our strength , and with all our mind , and our neighbour as our selves s . Hom. 5. p. 3. Mark diligently what Gods will is that you should do , and with all your endeavour apply your selves to follow the same . 〈◊〉 , You must have assured faith in God , and give your selves wholly unto him , love him in prosperity and adversity , and dread to offend him ever more . Then for his sake love all men , — Cast in your mind , how you may do good unto all men to your power , and hurt no man. Expl. 42. The sum of these Ten Commandments , or Ten Words , we may take in one Word , and 't is Love , for Love is the fulfilling of the Law ; and this Love is threefold , ( 1. ) To God , and this must be in the highest degree , or more than we are to love either our selves or neighbours ; yea this later love , in comparison of that we ought to have unto God , should be as no love at all comparatively , for he is to have all our heart , soul , strength , mind ; yet ( 2. ) Our love to our selves must have the next place ; for though our love of charity to others must be real , yet this charity must begin at home : However ( 3. ) We are to love our neighbour as our selves , not for the degree , but for the kind of our love , it must be real and hearty , and without dissimulation . A. 43. The Preface to the Ten Commandments is in these words , I am the Lord thy God , which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt , out of the house of bondage t . To. 2. Hom. II. — Before he came to the matter that he would specially warn them of , and as it were for a Preface to make them to take the better heed unto it . Hom. xxi . p. 6. — The Bishop of Rome , — left the poor people should know too much , he would not let them have as much of Gods word , as the Ten Commandments wholly and perfectly , withdrawing from the Second Commandment , that bewrayeth his impiety by a subtile Sacriledg . Expl. 43. Whereas in this Preface , God makes use of rational motives to the obedience of his Commands , this doth discover , ( 1. ) The infinite condescention of God , who is pleased to inform our judgments of the reasonableness of his Commands , before he lays his Commands upon our persons . ( 2. ) That men should not be unreasonable in their Commands ( as suppose Parents or other Governours ) , sith God is here pleased to add Reason to his Soveraignty . A. 44. The Preface to the Ten Commandments teacheth us , That because God is the Lord , and our God and Redeemer , therefore we are bound to keep all his Commandments u . To. 1. Hom. V. p. 2. Christ , — reprov'd the Laws and Traditions made by the Scribes and Pharisees , which were not only for good order of the people ( as the Civil Laws were ) , but they were set up so high , that they were made to be right and pure worshipping of God , as they had been equal with Gods Laws , or above them ; for many of Gods Laws could not be kept , but were fain to give way unto them . This arrogancy God detested , that man should so advance his Laws to make them equal with Gods Laws , wherein the true honouring and right worshipping of God standeth , to make his Laws for them to be left off . God hath appointed his Laws , whereby his pleasure is to be honoured . — They were not content to have them called by the name of other Temporal Laws ; but called them holy and godly Traditions ; and would have them not only esteem'd for a right and true worshipping of God ( as Gods Laws be indeed ) , but also for the most high honouring of God , to which the Commandments of God should give place . And for this cause did Christ so vehemently speak against them . Expl. 44. In the matter of the Preface we have these things observable , ( 1. ) That God is therefore the supreme Lawgiver , because he is the supreme Lord of the whole Creation . As God by vertue of his Soveraignty may himself do with his Creatures what he will , by the same right he may command them to do what he will. ( 2. ) That God can easily enable men to do what he commands them ; for that very power that commands his creatures into being , can also command them into action . ( 3 ) That the bonds of the Covenant should be as the cords of love , and the bands of a man , sweetly to draw men to obedience ; when once we are listed into the number of Gods people by Baptism , we are under a more special obligation to obey God not only as our Creator , but as our Father . ( 4. ) That deliverances call for duties ; and if a corporal deliverance of the Israelites was an obligation upon them to obey the God of Israel , much more should that spiritual deliverance from the Egyptian slavery of sin be an obligation upon them to obey God. Rules to be observed for the understanding of the Moral Law , or the Ten Commandments . 1 Rule , That Christ the Lawgiver is the best Interpreter of Moses ; or that the Gospel is the fullest and clearest Interpreter of the Law. The Writings of the Prophets are many times good Expositions of the Law of Moses . But the Writings of Christ and his Apostles are far more clear and full . In reference to Christ we have a known instance in the 5 th of Mat. passim . And the Apostles frequently in their Epistles , as when we are commanded to shun all occasions of evil , to love the Lord Jesus in sincerity , and our neighbour without dissimulation , and not to defraud him any way , &c. 2 Rule , That the Law is perfect , Psal. 19.7 . as ( 1. ) In it self , not admitting of any additional Precepts in the Gospel , which are generally obliging to all Christians which were not obliging before that Christ came in the flesh . For as for those three Precepts of the Gospel , for a man , ( 1. ) To deny himself . ( 2. ) To take up his Cross ; and ( 3. ) To follow Christ ; they are rather interpretations and instances of that honour and love we are to have for Christ as God , which is required in the First Command , than any additions obliging , which did not oblige before ; nay David himself did in some respect deny himself , take up his Cross , and follow Christ ; the middle of these had place when he said , The reproaches of those who reproached thee are faln upon me ; and so Moses deny'd himself , and Caleb and Ioshuah followed the Lord fully . ( 2. ) The Law is perfect in its extent and comprehension , in regard of the subject , for it doth command the whole Soul in all its powers and faculties ; for it doth require the understanding to know , the judgment to approve that which is good ; the will to chuse it , the memory to retain it , and the affections to pursue and enjoy it ; and upon this account it is said , that the Law is spiritual . 3 Rule , Whatever the Law commands , it doth forbid the contrary ; as when it commands us to honour our Parents , it doth forbid us to dishonour them ; and whatever the Law forbids it commands the contrary ; as when it forbids us to take the name of God in vain , it requires us to use any of the names , or titles , or ordinances of God with reverence . 4 Rule , When the Law commandeth a duty , ( as suppose to worship God ) it doth require us to make use of means , occasions , motives and encouragements to it : and when the Law forbids ( ex . gr . worshipping of Images ) , it doth also forbid the occasions , appearances and inducements of any evil . 5 Rule , Where a promise is annexed ( ex . gr . that the days may be long in the Land , &c. ) there the contrary threatning is included ; and where a threatning is annexed , there the contrary promise is included . 6 Rule , That the duties of the second table must give place to the indispensable and necessary duties of the first table , when they cannot both be performed together , as the love of Parents must yield to the love of God ; but in things ceremonial , the duties of the first table must yield to the moral duties of the second ; as sacrificing to works of mercy towards man. A. 45. The first Commandment is , Thou shalt have no other Gods before me . Expl. 45. These words are the first command , and not those , I am the Lord thy God , ( as some would have them ) in which there is nothing commanded , but only a declaration , who and what that God is who does command . A. 46. The first Commandment requireth us to know w , and acknowledge God to be the only true God , and our God x , and to worship and glorifie him accordingly y Homil. II. p. 3. Let us take heed and be wise , O ye beloved of the Lord , and let us have no strange Gods , but one only God , who made us when we were nothing , the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ , who redeemed us when we were lost , and with his Holy Spirit doth sanctifie us . Homil. V. p. 3. Have an assured Faith in God , and give your selves wholly unto him , love him in prosperity and adversity , and dread to offend him ever-more . To. II. Hom. xvij . What availeth it the wisemen of the world to have knowledg of the Power and Divinity of God — where they did not honour and glorifie him in their knowledges as God ? Hom. VI. whom we are to love with all our heart , i. e. that our heart , mind , and study be set to believe his Word , to trust in him , and to love him above all other things that we love best in Heaven or on Earth . Expl. 46. In the first Commandment there are these 4 things required , ( 1. ) Knowledg of God , as namely , that he is the Creator and Governor of the world , being the supream Lord and Law giver ; as also , that he is infinitely perfect in his Nature , Attributes , Word , and Works . ( 2. ) Faith , which doth consist in our owning and acknowledging him to be such a God as he is held forth in his Word , and in a relyance upon him as such . ( 3. ) Obedience , ( which in reference to this command , doth principally consist in the conformity of Man's will to the Will of God. ( 4. ) Love to God implyed in these words [ before me ] . A. 47. The first Commandment forbiddeth the denying z , or not worshipping and glorifying the true God as God a and our God b , and the giving that worship and glory to any other which is due to him alone c . To. 1. Hom. VIII . Whoever in time of reading Gods Word , studieth for the glory and honour of this World , is turned from God , — and hath not a special mind to that which is commanded and taught of God ; is turned from God , although he doth things of his own devotion and mind , which to him seem better and more to Gods honour . To. 2. Hom. xvi . p. 2. It may be boldly and with a safe conscience pronounc'd of the Bishops of Rome , namely , that they have forsaken and daily do forsake the Commandments of God , to erect and set up their own Constitutions . Expl. 47. More particular , this Commandment doth forbid these and the like sins ; as ( 1. ) Ignorance of God , when men either do not know , or will not consider who God is , and what he would have them do . ( 2. ) Atheism , both in judgment , when men are wavering and doubting about the Being of God , and therefore disputing against it ; and in practise , when men live as if there were no God. ( 3. ) Idolatry , which consists either in the worship of a false God , or in worshipping the true God in a false manner , by mingling the corrupt traditions or fancies of men in the worship of God ; or in worshipping more Gods than that one God who made the world , and is Father , Son , and Holy Ghost , God blessed for ever . ( 4. ) Mens being ashamed of , or being negligent in the profession of the true Religion . ( 5. ) The wilful omission of any known duties of Religion , as prayer , meditation , praising God , &c. ( 6. ) Wilful infidelity , when men do not believe God , or take him upon his word , or do reject and contemn his commands , promises , or threatnings . ( 7. ) All blasphemous and misbecoming thoughts of God whatsoever ; as also all errors and misapprehensions concerning God , or any of those revelations he has given of himself . ( 8. ) All disobedience to his revealed Will. ( 9. ) All unsuitable affections to himself , or any thing that bears his stamp , as his Ordinances , Day , Providences , and People . ( 10. ) All unmindfulness and forgetfulness of God. ( 11. ) All carnal presumption , pride , tempting of God , relyance upon and seeking to unlawful means for help in any distress , this being accompany'd with the forsaking of and apostacy from the true God. ( 12. ) All impatience and discontent under any evil ; as also mens ascribing that which is good to any thing besides himself , who is the fountain of all good . A. 48. These words [ before me ] in the first Commandment teach us , that God who seeth all things , taketh notice of , and is much displeased with the sin of having any other God d To. 2. Hom. I. The eternal and incomprehensible Maiesly of God , the Lord of Heaven and Earth , whose seat is in Heaven , and the Earth is his footstool , — calleth upon his people , to mark , and take heed , and that upon the peril of their souls , to the charge which he giveth them , — Thou shalt worship the Lord God , and him only shalt thou serve . Adjoining penalty to the transgressors , and reward to the obedient , — to move to obedience and observing this the Lords great Law , — which might ingender fear in our hearts of disobedience herein , being in the Lords sight so great an offence and abomination . Expl. 48. Here is further clearly intimated , ( 1. ) That God would have the first room in our estimation . ( 2. ) In our affections , i. e. that we prize and love him above all . A. 49. The second Commandment is , Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven Image , or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above , or that is in the earth beneath , or that is in the water under the earth ; thou shalt not bow down thy self unto them , nor serve them : For I the Lord thy God am a jealous God , visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation , of them that hate me , and shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me , and keep my Commandments . To. 2. Hom. I. The Scriptures use the two words ( Idols and Images ) indifferently for one thing alway . They be words of divers things ( Gr. & Lat. ) , but one in sense and signification in the Scriptures , and matters of of Religion . — Wherefore our Images , if publickly suffer'd in Temples and Churches , be indeed none other but Idols , as unto which Idolatry hath been , is , and ever will be committed . — Hath it not been preach'd unto you since the beginning , &c. How by the Creation of the World , and the greatness of the work , they might understand the Majesty of God , the Creator and Maker of all , to be greater than that it should be express'd or set forth in any Image or bodily Similitude . And that in the First Table , and the beginning thereof , — is this Doctrine aforesaid ( not briefly touch'd , but ) at large set forth , and that with denunciation of destruction to the contemners and breakers of this Law , and their posterity after them . Expl. 49. We have here principally observable , ( 1. ) The order ; ( 2. ) The matter of the Commandment . From the order , we are to observe , that God doth prefer the inward worship of the heart , which is required in the first Command , to the outward worship of the body , which is here principally directed , that the later , or that of the body , without the former is but hypocritical ; and the former without the later but partial ; so that God is to be worshipp'd with all our bodies and spirits . Those therefore who do present their bodies in Idol-worship ( as that of the Mass ) and yet plead they keep their hearts for God , are here condemned . ( 2. ) The matter , or argument and scope of the Command , i. e. to prevent all miscarriages and abuses in bodily worship , and to instruct men how they may present their bodies as well as their souls a living sacrifice , holy and acceptable to God. Yet to prevent mistakes about what is forbidden in this Command , we are to note these two things . ( 1. ) That not all making of Images or Pictures , or likenesses of the creatures is here forbidden ; for then it would follow , that a man might not so much as frame an Idea in his own fancy of one mans being like another , contrary to the very notion of truth , which is nothing else but a conformity betwixt the mind and the object . ( 2. ) Nor is all civil use , or historical representations of things to the eye ( which is so helpful to the understanding and memory ) here forbidden . A. 50. The second Commandment requireth the receiving , observing e , and keeping pure and entire all such religious Worship and Ordinances , as God hath appointed in his Word f . Hom. II. p. 3. Let us honour and worship for Religions sake none but God ; and him let us worship and honour as he will himself , and hath declared by his word , that he will be worshipp'd and honoured , not in , nor by Images or Idols , which he hath most straitly forbidden ; neither in kneeling , lighting of Candles , burning of Incense , — to believe that we should please him for all these be abomination before God ; but let us honour and worship God in spirit and in truth , fearing and loving him above all things , trusting in him only , calling upon him , and praying to him only , praising and lauding of him only , and all other in him . Hom. XX. He requireth a sincere and pure love of godliness , and of the true worshipping and serving of God , i. e. that forsaking all manner of things that are repugnant and contrary to Gods will , we do give our hearts unto him . Expl. 50. In the general , is here required that the bodily worshipping of God be performed only in such a manner , both for substance and circumstances , as God doth require or allow , or at least is not expresly and consequentially contradicted in his word . More particularly ▪ ( 1. ) It doth require our utmost and constant care and endeavour , to observe and preserve all holy Ordinances , and external Church-priviledges in their purity and freedom from all manner of corrupt mixtures in any kind , whereby God is provoked ; fasting , prayer , thanksgiving , hearing , reading the Word , singing of Psalms , administration and participation of Gospel-Institutions , as the Sacraments , Swearing , the Discipline and Censures of the Church , Maintenance of Gospel Ministers , &c. ( 2. ) All outward decency in such external Rites and Ceremonies as are warrantably used in Religion , especially in publick . ( 3. ) All outward reverence in gesture , speech , and behaviour , in the worship of God. ( 4 ) All disapproving , detesting , and loathing all manner of Idolatries , Will-worship , superstition , together with all the monuments , and occasions , and appearances thereof . A. 51. The second Commandment forbiddeth the worshipping of God by Images g , or any other way not appointed in his Word h . To. 2. Hom II. p. 1. Lest the Doctrine against Images should not be marked or remarked , the same is written and required not in one but in sundry places of the word of God , — Neither could the notableness of the place , being the very beginning of the very loving Lords Law , make us to mark it . — So that if either the multitude or plainness of the places might make us to understand , or the earnest charge that God giveth in these places move us to regard ; or the horrible plagues , punishment , and dreadful destruction , threatned to such worshippers of Images or Idols , setters up or maintainers of them , might ingender any fear in our hearts , we would once leave and forsake this wickedness , being in the Lords light so great an offence and abomination . — p. 3. Images and Image-worshipping were in the primitive Church ( which was most pure and incorrupt ) abhorr'd and detested as abominable , and contrary to true Christian Religion . — p. 3. Idolatry cannot be separated from Images any long time , but as an unseparable accident , or as a shadow follows the body when the Sun shineth , so Idolatry followeth and cleaveth to the publick having of Images in Temples and Churches . — It is not possible to keep men from Idolatry , if Images be suffer'd publickly ; — the Images of God , our Saviour , the Virgin , the Apostles , Martyrs , and others of notable holiness , of all others most dangerous . Expl. 51. More particularly this command forbiddeth ( 1. ) absolutely and altogether the making of any kind of Images of God , or of any person in the Trinity ( at least ) as God. ( 2. ) It forbiddeth all making of Images in order to the worshipping of God in them or by them , or any way abusing them in the true Religion , as conceiting the presence of God to be in or with an Image in a more especial manner than elsewhere . ( 3. ) All the means and direct occasions of Idolatry , all inventions , traditions , and corruptions of men in Gods worship , or about the worship of God. ( 4. ) All manner of witchcraft , or consulting those that have familiar Spirits . ( 5. ) All worshipping of Images , as well as of God before them , together with all that religious respect that is given to them , as in shrining , cloathing them , &c. ( 6. ) All prophaning , neglecting , opposing , or contemning of the worship and Ordinances of Christ ; as also all kind of Simony and Sacriledg . A. 52. The Reasons annexed to the second Commandment , are Gods Soveraignty over us i , his propriety in us k , and the zeal he hath to his own Worship l . Hom. II. p. 1. Concerning none other matter did God give more , or more earnest and express Laws to his people than those that concern the true worshipping of him , and the avoiding and fleeing of Idols , and Images , and Idolatry , for that both the said Idolatry is most repugnant to the right worshipping of him , and his true glory , above all other vices , and that he knew the proneness and inclination of mans corrupt kind and nature , to that most odious and abominable Vice. Expl. 52. The reasons here annexed are such as are attempered and suited to those two affections in man ; namely , [ fear and hope ] which are the two hinges upon which all Religion doth turn ; for ( 1. ) here is a severe threatning to move and stir up that passion of fear which may prevent or restrain our disobedience to this command , or at least to scare us from continuing in any kind of Idolatry , Superstition , &c. which it doth forbid . And in this threatning , we have ( 1. ) The hainousness of the Sin forbidden ; for 't is here intimated spiritual Whoredom , because God is here represented as jealous over his people that are entered into a marriage-Covenant with him ; under the notion of a Husband that is inraged with jealousie in reference to the unchast behaviour of his Wife . ( 2. ) In the punishment threatned , the grievousness of the sin is intimated ; when God doth threaten to punish this Sin to the third and fourth Generation . ( 3. ) 'T is here implyed , that this Sin is a hating of God , when 't is said ( of them that hate me ) in reference to Idolaters . ( 2 dly , ) We have here a gracious promise for the encouraging of hope to the careful observers of this command ; and in this promise there is observable , ( 1. ) Gods love to them in shewing mercy to thousands of them . ( 2. ) Their love to God in keeping his commands ; and consequently the love of the world or any thing more than God is flat Idolatry , and the Apostle doth call covetousness by that name . A. 53. The third Commandment is , Thou shalt not take the Name of the Lord thy God in vain , for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his Name in vain . Hom. VII . Almighty God , to the intent his holy Name should be had in honour , and evermore be magnified of the people , commandeth that no man should take his name vainly in his mouth , threatning punishment unto him that irreverently abuseth it by swearing , forswearing , and blasphemy . Expl. 53. The infinitely wise God very well knowing that if any seem to be Religious and bridleth not his tongue , that man's Religion is vain ; he doth therefore in this command lay a restraint upon man's tongue , that it may not any way break forth to the dishonour of his great name ; for although God does give a particular command for the direction of the tongue in reference to our neighbour , sc. the ninth Command , yet he doth provide for his own honour first in this third command . A. 54. The third Commandment requireth the holy and reverent use of Gods Names m , Titles , Attributes n , Ordinances o , Word p , and Works q . Artic. 39. As we confess vain and rash swearing is forbidden Christian men by our Lord Jesus Christ and Iames his Apostle : So we judg , that Christian Religion doth not prohibit , but that a man may swear when the Magistrate requireth in a cause of Faith and Charity , so it be done according to the Prophets teaching , in justice , judgment , and truth . — Thus an Oath ( if it have with it these three conditions ) is a part of Gods glory , which we are bound by his Commandments to give unto him . Expl. 54. In this 't is observable , that when the abuse of Gods name in any kind whatsoever , is here forbidden ; the Religious and reverent use of it is thereby commanded . Now by Gods Name we are in the general to understand that whereby he is in a peculiar manner made known to us , and distinguished from all false Gods whatsoever , just as a man is made known by his name , and distinguished from all other men ; not but that more men may have the same name , but that there doth belong some peculiar property to a man of such a particular name , whereby he is known from every body else : and so though there be Gods many , and Lords many in name ; yet to us there is but one God , who by something or other in his Titles , attributes , words and works is distinguished from all other Gods : ex . gr . when we call God ( wise ) we are to understand that he is infinitely so ; and consequently distinct from all his creatures hereby . Then next for his Ordinances , Word , and Works ; they must be holily and reverently used ( that is , with a serious sense of his Divine Majesty ) whether these be used in our thoughts , words or actions ; but most especially this command requireth , that when we take Oaths or make lawful vows , we do it from such principles , in such a religious manner , and to such right ends , as that the Name of God be thereby honoured . A. 55. The third Commandment forbiddeth all profaning , or abusing of any thing whereby God maketh himself known r Hom. VII . He forbiddeth all vain swearing and forswearing , both by God and by his creatures , as the common use of swearing , in buying , selling , and our daily communication . — When men do swear of custom , in reasoning , buying , and selling , or other daily communications ( as many be common and great swearers ) , such kind of swearing is ungodly , unlawful , and forbidden by the Commandment of God , for such swearing is nothing else but taking of Gods holy Name in vain . To. 2. Hom. X. p. 2. Let us not be scorners , jesters , and deriders of the Scripture , for that is the uttermost token and shew of a Reprobate , of a plain enemy to God his Wisdom . Expl. 55. Here is forbidden in the general , all manner of prophanation , or abuse of any name of God , as any of his Titles , as wise , good , holy , &c. any of his works , as those of Creation or Providence ; his Word written or preached ; any of his Ordinances , as Prayer , Preaching , Sacraments ; as when we make any unhandsom reflection upon any of these in our words or carriage ; or do not use them at all when we should , and when we do not as we ought : more particularly here are forbid ; ( 1. ) All rash Oaths , whether before a Magistrate , or in a mans private passion . ( 2. ) All horrid and prophane Oaths , as when men swear Wounds , Blood , &c. and use their Dammees and Sinkmees . ( 3. ) All blasphemous Oaths , ex . gr . All such wherein the name of God , or Christ are prophanely abused . ( 4. ) All mincing or contracting of Oaths ; and here some tell us , that I marry , is but the contracting of I by St. Mary , though some use it only as an expletive . ( 5. ) All mock-Oaths , or apeing of them . ( 6. ) All injurious and perjurious Oaths . ( 7. ) All cursing , &c. ( 8. ) All violation of lawful Oaths , Vows , Covenants . ( 9. ) All wilful forbearing of Oaths in necessary cases . ( 10. ) All prophane scoffing , &c. A. 56. The reason annexed to the third Commandment is , that however the breakers of this Commandment may escape punishment from men , yet the Lord our God will not suffer them to escape his righteous judgment s . To. 1. Hom. VII . The most holy Name of God being commonly used and abused , vainly and unreverently talk'd of , sworn by , and forsworn to the breaking of Gods Commandment , is the procurement of his indignation . P. 2. And though such perjur'd mens falshood he now kept secret , yet it shall be open'd at the last day , when the secrets of all mens hearts shall be open'd to all the world . — Almighty God will be a swift witness against them , — and the curse shall enter into the house of the false and perjur'd man. Expl. 56. In the reason of the command 't is intimated . ( 1. ) That God in a special manner is the avenger of those that abuse his name . ( 2. ) The certainly of this vengeance . ( 3. ) That men are apt to be remiss in punishing this Sin. A. 57. The fourth Commandment is , Remember the Sabbath-day to keep it holy . Six days shalt thou labour , and do all thy work ; but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God ; in it thou shalt not do any work thou , nor thy son , nor thy daughter , thy man-servant , nor thy maid-servant , nor thy cattel , nor the stranger that is within thy gate . For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth , the sea , and all that in them is , and rested the seventh day ; wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath-day , and hallowed it . Expl. 57. This command being the fourth in order , is the last of the first Table , or of those commands which do concern piety towards God , and in the amplification of it , doth require charity and mercy towards man , especially towards inferiours , ( as Son , Daughter , Servant , &c. ) and therefore in requiring both duties of piety and mercy , it doth as it were glew both the Tables of the Law together . As to the matter of the Command , ( 1. ) Here is a Preface to be noted , Remember ; as if God should have said , though you should forget all the other Nine Commands ( which I would not have you to do neither ) , yet be sure you forget not this . In which [ Remember ] there is imply'd , ( 1. ) The importance of the Command , that it doth import no less than the whole Religion and duty of man towards God , and therefore to be remembred . ( 2. ) The aptness of men to forget this Command , both because the doctrine of it is not to be learnt from the light of nature ( at least not so clearly as the other Commands ) , and because the duties of it do much cross the grain with corrupt nature . ( 2 dly , ) The thing to be remembred is the Sabbath-day , or that day of Rest ( which God has appointed ) from all manner of employment and business , except works of duty to God , charity to man , and of absolute necessity , relief , or mercy towards the inferiour creatures . How it is to be remembred , we have in the next A. A. 58. The fourth Commandment requireth the keeping holy to God such set-times as he hath appointed in his Word , expresly one whole day in seven , to be a holy Sabbath unto himself t To. 2. Hom. VIII . It appeareth to be Gods good-will and pleasure , that we should at special times , and in special places , gather our selves together , to the intent his name might be renowned , and his glory set forth in the Congregation and Assembly of his Saints . — And therefore by this Commandment , we ought to have time , as one day in the week , wherein we ought to rest , yea from our lawful and needful works . Expl. 58. 'T is in this A. expressed in the general , how the Sabbath is to be kept holy , as also any other day ( as suppose ) of Fasting or Thanksgiving , which man doth appoint according to Gods will. Now to sanctifie a day ( and particularly the Sabbath ) is to employ it wholly and solely to that use for which it is sanctified , or set apart by God , whether it be in reference to the publick or private exercises of Religion . And it must be the whole Sabbath-day ( yet with a merciful respect to nature and the constitution of mens bodies , for God will have mercy and not sacrifice ) beginning at the dawning of the day , because Christ the Sun of Righteousness then rose , and it is to continue till midnight , for so long was Paul engaged in Sabbath-exercises , Act. 20. 7 , — 10. This is the time required by this Law , but if men have not strength of body to continue so long , so there be in them a willing mind , God will accept of what strength they have , and not what they have not . A. 59. From the beginning of the world to the Resurrection of Christ , God appointed the seventh day of the week to be the weekly Sabbath u , and the first day of the week ever since to continue to the end of the World , which is the Christian Sabbath w To. 2. Hom. VIII . Remember saith God , that thou keep holy the Sabbath-day , upon which day , as it is plain in Act. 13. the people accustomably resorted together , and heard diligently the Law and the Prophets read among them . And albeit this Commandment doth not bind Christian people , as touching the precise keeping the seventh day , after the manner of the Iews ; for we keep now the first day , which is our Sunday ( Dominical or Lords-day ) and make that our Sabbath , i. e. our day of rest , in honour of our Saviour Christ , who as upon that day rose from death , conquering it triumphantly ; yet notwithstanding , whatsoever is found in the Commandment appertaining to the Law of Nature , as a thing most godly , most just , and needful , for the setting forth of Gods glory , it ought to be retained and kept of all good Christian people . — If we will be children of our heavenly Father , we must be careful to keep the Christian Sabbath , which is the Sunday , ( i. e. Dominical or Lords-day ) , not only for that it is Gods express Commandment , but also to declare our selves to be loving children , in following the example of our gracious Lord and Father , — This Example and Commandment of God , the godly Christian people began to follow immediately after the ascension of our Lord Christ , — chusing a standing day , not the Seventh , which the Iews kept ; but the Lords-day , the day of the Lords Resurrection , the day after the Seventh day , which is the First day of the week . Expl. 59. The old Sabbath ( as we see by this A. was the seventh day of the week in order , that is , the Iews did observe our Saturday ; for their seventh-day-Sabbath , and the reason of it is expressed in the command ; sc. God rested from Creation-work that day . But the morality , or indispensable and perpetual obligation of this command doth not necessarily require the seventh in order , for that is Ceremonious and abrogated together with the Iewish Sabbath : but it doth necessarily require the keeping holy of a seventh day for number , or a seventh part of the week to be spent in Sabbath-duties , which seventh part is now by the Resurrection of Christ upon the first day , and by his own immediate authority ( or by that which he gave to his Apostles ) fixt upon that first day , ( now commonly called our Sunday , or Dominical , i. e. Lords-day ) and no other even to the end of the world . Though there be no express mention made of this change from the last to the first day in Scripture , there being no question moved about it that we read of in the Apostles time , yet by consequence the matter of fact is clear . A. 60. The Sabbath is to be sanctified by an holy resting all that day , even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days x , and spending the whole time in publick and private exercises of Gods Worship y , except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy z . To. 2. Hom. VIII . God hath given express charge to all men , that upon the Sabbath-day , which is now our Sunday ( i. e. Lords-day ) they should cease from all weekly and work-day labour , that like as God himself rested and consecrated it to quietness and rest from labour , so Gods obedient people should use the Sunday ( i. e. Lords-day ) holily , and rest from their common and daily business , and also give themselves wholly to heavenly exercises of Gods true Religion and service . — Thus it may plainly appear , that Gods will and Commandment was to have a solemn time , and standing day in the week , wherein the people should come together , and have in remembrance his wonderful benefits , and to render him thanks for them , as appertaineth to loving , kind , and obedient people . — St. Iohn saith , Rev. 1. I was in the spirit on the Lords-day . Since which time Gods people hath always , in all Ages , without any gain-saying , used to come together upon the Sunday , to celebrate and honour the Lords blessed name , and carefully to keep that day in holy rest and quietness , both man , woman , child , servant , and stranger . Expl. 60. As to the particular manner of the Sanctification of the Sabbath it is there expressed to be ( 1 ) by an holy rest , by which we are not to understand that brutal and sluggish rest whereby men do indulge themselves in sloth and laziness , ( as if their bodies were not to move though it be to the Church ) upon this day ; but this rest must be from all kind of imployment , whether it be of body or mind which doth any way indispose a man for or distract him in the service of God ; whether such actions , thoughts or words be in themselves sinful , which men ought to forbear and rest from at all times ; or in themselves lawful , as the cares , thoughts , and business of a mans honest calling , they are to be forborn this day , and much more all kind of recreations , whether lawful or no. ( 2 ) By exercising our selves unto godliness , not only in those duties of Religion which we perform on other days either alone , or with others , as Prayer , reading Scripture , and other good Books , holy Conference , but in those duties also which are more peculiar to this day , as Hearing , Meditation , receiving of the Sacraments , Singing of Psalms , &c. and thus the whole day is to be spent , except so much of it as is to be taken up in works of such eminent necessity as is brought upon men by the Providence of God , and not such necessity as men make for their own gain or pleasure , and in works of mercy . A. 61. The fourth Commandment forbiddeth the omission or careless performance of the Duties required a , and the profaning the day by Idleness , or doing that which is in it self sinful b , or by unnecessary thoughts , words , or works , about worldly employments or recreations c . To. 2. Hom. VIII . For the transgression and breach of the Sabbath-day , God hath declared himself much to be grieved , as Num. 15. but alas ! the wicked boldness of those that will be accounted Gods people , who pass nothing at all of keeping and hallowing the Sunday ( i. e. Lords-day ) — They , though there be no extream need , must drive and carry , — row and ferry , — buy and sell on the Sunday ( i. e. Lords-day ) , they use all days alike . The other , though they will not travel , nor labour , as on the week-day , yet they will not rest in holiness , as God commandeth ; but they rest in ungodliness and filthiness , prancing in their pride , pranking and pricking , pointing and painting themselves to be gorgeous and gay ; they rest in excess and superfluity , in gluttony and drunkenness , like Rats and Swine ; they rest in brawling and railing , in quarrelling and fighting ; they rest in wantonness , in toyish talking , in filthy fleshliness : So that it doth evidently appear , that God is more dishonoured , and the Devil better serv'd on the Sunday ( i. e. Lords-day ) than upon all the days in the week beside . — The Beasts which are commanded to rest on the Sunday ( i. e. Lords-day ) honour God better than this kind of people ; for they offend not God , they break not their holy days . Expl. 61. More particularly this command forbiddeth ( 1 ) all unpreparedness for the Sanctification of the Sabbath . ( 2 ) All forgetfulness of the day or duties of it , and both these in that one word [ Remember . ] ( 3 ) All negligent omission or performance of any Sabbath-exercise , as Prayer , hearing the Word , Meditation , &c. ( 4 ) All direct prophaning of the Sabbath by doing nothing , or by bodily sloth ; for on this day we are in an especial manner to glorifie God with our bodies and spirits which are Gods. ( 5 ) All manner of words , thoughts , affections , cares , designes , and actions which do directly tend to : ( 1 ) Worldly profit and gain , as journeys , fairs , markets , and all manner of buying and selling , except of that of which there is a real and present necessity towards the sustenance of mans life . ( 2 ) To sensual pleasure , as all manner of gaming , bowling , idle talking and walking , and all such kind of visits as have more of Complement than of real necessity in them , more of recreation in them to the body or carnal mind , than of Religion towards God , or of charity towards our neghbour . ( 6 ) All manner of servile works , not only in reference to Supeperiors and Governours , but also in reference to those that are under their care and charge , for that all excuses for worldly or sinful employment may be taken away from all persons : 'T is said neither , thou , nor thou , &c. A. 62. The Reasons annexed to the fourth Commandment are , Gods allowing us six days of the week for our own employments d , his challenging special propriety in the seventh e , his own example f , and his blessing the Sabbath-day g . To. 2. Hom. VIII . Like as it appeareth by this Commandment , that no man in the six days ought to be slothful or idle , but diligently to labour in that state wherein God hath set him . — So God doth not only command the observation of this holy day , but also by his own example doth stir and provoke us to the keeping of it . Wherefore , O ye people of God! lay your hands upon your hearts , repent and amend this grievous and dangerous wickedness , stand in awe of the Commandments of God , gladly follow the example of God himself , be not disobedient to the godly order of Christs Church , used and kept from the Apostles time to this day . Fear the displeasure and just plagues of almighty God , if ye be negligent , and forbear not labouring and travelling on the Sabbath-day or Sunday ( i. e. Lords-day ) , and do not resort together , to celebrate and magnifie Gods blessed Name , in quiet , holiness , and godly reverence . Expl 62. The reasons are here ranked under three heads , ( 1 ) the equity of the thing commanded , God allowing us six days for our honest and ordinary employments we may well give him one in seven , and be content to spend that cheerfully in his service , ( Six days shalt thou labour , &c. ) ( 2 ) From Gods Propriety in this day , this is the day which the Lord hath made , or instituted and appointed , Psal. 118.23 . And may he not do what he will with his own , may he not enjoy it to be spent in his service if he please . ( 3 ) From Gods example in resting the seventh day ; not that we are therefore to rest on the seventh day in order , because God did so after he had created the world and all things therein ; but that we are to spend ( according to the tenour of this Command , a seventh day which is now our Dominical , or Sunday , in an holy rest unto the Lord. ( 4 ) From Gods end in blessing , and sanctifying this day , or in setting it a-part to holy uses , namely that we should so use it , and thereby receive the blessing of the Sabbath from the Lord of the Sabbath . A. 63. The fifth Commandment is , Honour thy father and thy mother , that thy days may be long in the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee . Expl. 63. This command which is here called the fifth , is by the Apostle called the first Commandment with promise , Ephes. 6.1 , 2. ( i. e. ) to which this promise of long life is expresly made , it being also the first command of the second Table . A. 64. The fifth Commandment requireth the preserving the honour , and performing the duties belonging to every one in their several places and relations , as Superiors h , Inferiors i , or Equals k . To. 1. Hom. V. p. 3. Obey all your Superiours and Governours , serve your Masters faithfully and diligently ▪ as well in their absence as in their presence , not for dread of punishment only , but for conscience sake , knowing that you are bound so to do by Gods Commandments . Hom. X. p. 2. Every degree of people in their vocation , calling , and office , hath appointed them their duty and order ; some are in high degree , some in low ; some Kings and Princes , some Inferiors and Subjects , Ministers and People , Masters and Servants , Fathers and Children , Husbands and Wives , &c. Expl. 64. Here is requir'd ( 1 ) something in general of all , that they give to all that honour which is due unto them in their different places and relations , whether they be Superiors in age , parts , gifts , or authority , who are there so called by that obliging name of parents , that men may yield what is due unto such with all child-like and filial respect , and because in the beginning Parents were Magistrates ; or Supeperiors in power ; or whether they be equal to us or our Inferiors image , power , &c. for in both these capacities there is due to them love , gratitude , and such offices of Christianity , civility , or friendship which are suitable and proper to them . ( 2 ) Something in special is required from Children to be given to their natural Parents ; and 't is all expressed in this one word ( honour ) . And 't is observable that the command is laid on all Children , of both sexes , and of what age , or rank soever though they be Children of Princes and Nobles ; and the honour due unto natural father and mother , or to those who are in their stead , as father and mother-in-law , grand-father or Grand-mother , Uncle or Aunt , Guardian , Tutor , &c. It is ( 1 ) the honour of respect or love , both in heart , words and behaviour ; for this law on Children is a law of love , and as it requires that they love one another , so also that they love their Parents . ( 2 ) The honour of Reverence , ( i. e. ) Children must fear as well as love their Parents , they must stand in awe of them as being under their authority , and that thereby they may be kept from offending their Parents . ( 3 ) The honour of Obedience which proceeds from both the other ; 't is love or fear that makes Children obey . Now in order to this Obedience the rod of correction is a scepter so needful in Parents hands , that Solomon reckons that Parent to hate his child that doth not use it , Prov. 13.24 . ( 4 ) The honour of help or recompence , ( i. e. ) As Parents need help , and the child is able or hath opportunity to do it , he or she must thankfully requite thereby their labour of love . A. 65. The fifth Commandment forbiddeth the neglecting , or doing any thing against the honour and duty which belongeth to every one in their several places and relations l . To. 1. Hom. V. p. 3. Disobey not your Fathers and Mothers , but honour them , help them , and please them to your power . Hom. X. St. Paul threatneth no less pain than everlasting damnation to all disobedient persons , to all resisters . — p. 2. Yet let us believe undoubtedly ( good Christian people ) that we may not obey Kings , Magistrates , or any other ( though they be our own Fathers ) , if they would command us to do any thing contrary to Gods Commandments . p. 3. And here let us take heed , that we understand not these , or such other like places ( which so straitly command obedience to superiours , and so straitly punished rebellion and disobedience to the same ) to be meant in any condition of the pretended and coloured power of the Bishop of Rome . For truly the Scripture of God alloweth no such usurped power , full of enormities , abusions , and blasphemies . — He ought therefore rather to be called Antichrist , and the Successor of the Scribes and Pharisees , than Christ's Vicar , or St. Peters Successor . Expl. 65. But more particularly in reference to natural Parents ( or those who stand in their room ) these miscarriages are forbidden to Children . ( 1 ) All manner of contempt of the persons of Parents , especially when by reason of old age , sickness , or natural infirmities , they are not able to manage their Parental authority either as they ought , or have done , or when by the Providence of God their repute or estate is low in the world . ( 2 ) All slighting of their good instructions , example , counsel , directions , reproof and correction . As God would not have his own chastening and instruction despised , so neither that of Parents , and therefore he calls that child a fool , ( by the mouth of Solomon ) a scorner , and bruitish , who is guilty hereof . ( 3 ) All slighting of Parents commands , and of their pleasure whether in reference to duty to be performed by them , whether in matters civil or religious ; or in reference to the disposal of themselves in Marriage , or in any calling , place and employment . ( 4 ) All slighting of the tenderness and watchfulness of Parents , by doing that on purpose which doth either disturb their passions , or disquiet their minds . ( 5 ) All mocking , deriding , or imitating their weaknesses and misbehaviour , or any way disgracing them , as Absalom did his fathers government , and as Cham did in discovering his fathers nakedness . Much more ( 6 ) here are forbidden all cursing of them , and bitter railing at them . ( 7 ) All such carriage in Children as does not redound by way of reflection , as well as what does not tend directly to the Parents honour . A. 66. The Reason annexed to the fifth Commandment is , a promise of long life and prosperity ( as far as it shall serve for Gods glory , and their own good ) to all such as keep this Commandment m . To. 1. Hom. X. p. 3. By obedience to our superiours , shall we please God , and have the exceeding benefit , peace of conscience , rest and quietness here in this world , and after this life enjoy a better life . To. 2. Hom. XXI . p. 3. Good and obedient Subjects are in Gods favour , and be partakers of peace , quietness , and security , with other God's manifold blessings in this world , and by his mercies through our Saviour Christ , of life everlasting also in the world to come . Expl. 66. In the general , we have one great reason from the promise of prosperity and long life , particularly annexed to this Command ; in which promise there are two things , ( 1 ) The peculiarity of the blessing promised to the obedience of this Command , for obedient children may be sure of the blessing promised , when it may be a blessing . ( 2 ) The greatness of the blessing , for of all temporal blessings 't is the greatest , sc. life ; and then here is that which is so sweet to nature in this life , 't is long life and prosperous withal , otherwise it would not be a blessing . Yet more particularly , obedience to Parents is indispensable , because ( 1 ) God requires it in the next place to that which he claimeth for himself ; and has therefore plac'd this Law next to the Commands of the first Table . ( 2 ) The Law of Nature doth in a peculiar manner require this in all Nations , even the most blind and barbarous ; yea instinct of Nature in the brute creatures doth teach them some kind of respect to their Sires and Damms . A. 67. The sixth Commandment is , Thou shalt not kill . Expl. 67. The fifth Command did concern special duties to special persons , sc. the obedience of Children towards their Parents ; but this Command doth reach all persons in general ; and the end of it is not only to preserve mans life , but humanity it self , and therefore this [ Thou ] in the prohibition doth forbid murder to all persons . A. 68. The sixth Commandment requireth all lawful endeavours to preserve our own life n , and the life of others o . Hom. V. p. 3. Cast in your minds , how you may do good unto all men , unto your power , and hurt no man. — Oppress not , beat not , neither hate a 〈…〉 ; but help and succour every man as you may ▪ yea , even your enemies that hate you , that speak evil of you , and that do hurt you . Hom. VI. Cherish good and harmless men , — and encourage with rewards to do well . Expl. 68. Now in order to this end , these things may be very helpful , ( 1 ) Humanity , or a general respect of kindness towards all , whether in offices of love or of pity . ( 2 ) A slowness to anger , after the example of God , whom we so much provoke ; and this is called lenity , or meekness of spirit , for which Moses was so eminent . ( 3 ) A study to be quiet , both outwardly from all brawling and contention ; and inwardly from all revengeful thoughts , purposes , passions ; as also a diligent care in outward demeanour , to avoid all occasions , temptations , and practices which do tend to stir up wrath . ( 4 ) Placableness , or an easiness to be reconciled , and to forget and to forgive injuries and affronts . ( 5 ) A readiness to use all lawful and proper means to defend our own or neighbours life , as we are called to it by the Law of Nature , Humanity , and Religion , as we are in a capacity to do it . ( 6 ) Such a chearfulness of spirit as tends to the health of the body . ( 7 ) Christian temperance and moderation in the use of the creatures , in bodily labour , and lawful recreations . ( 8 ) A conscientious care to use such Physick ( as is prescribed by those who are skilful therein ) which is either for the preservation or recovery of health . ( 9 ) Care to save our own and others souls . A. 69. The sixth Commandment forbiddeth the taking away of our own life p , or the life of our neighbour unjustly q , and whatsoever tendeth thereunto r . To. 2. Hom. XXI . p. 3. Robberies and murthers of all sins are most loathed of most men , being against the second Table of Gods Law. To. 1. Hom. VI. Delay not rebukes and punshments of those that offend , but give them in due time , lest they fall headlong . Expl. 69. Here ( 1 ) Negatively , This Command forbids not ( 1 ) All kind of war , for some is lawful . ( 2 ) Nor the execution of publick justice in capital punishments upon capital offenders . ( 3 ) Nor self-defence , against violence in some cases . ( 4 ) Nor moderate anger , where there is just cause , as ex . gr . in the case of reproof , and upon the like warrantable occasions . But ( 2 ) Positively , Here is forbidden , ( 1 ) Self-murther , both direct , as a mans hanging , drowning , stabbing , &c. himself ; indirect , as surfeiting , drunkenness , and the neglect of any lawful means for the preservation or repair of health ; as of meat , drink , physick ▪ &c. ( 2 ) Murder of our neighbour , ( 1 ) Directly , when wittingly and out of hatred ( and without a just call ) a man doth either by himself , or by means of another , take away the life of his neighbour . ( 2 ) Murtherous thoughts , and hatred of him without a cause . ( 3 ) All inhumanity and unmercifulness , or want of compassion . ( 4 ) All neglect of , or the withdrawing of our lawful defence . ( 5 ) All quarrelsom broyls and brawlings . ( 6 ) All Duels , because in this case men wrest the Sword of Justice out of the Magistrates hand , that they may carve out justice ( or rather revenge ) for themselves . ( 7 ) All provoking speeches and behaviour . A. 70. The seventh Commandment is , Thou shalt not commit adultery . Hom. XI . By the which [ Adultery ] , although it be properly understood of the unlawful commixtion or joining together of a married man with any woman beside his wife , or of a wife with any man beside her husband ; yet thereby is signified also all unlawful use of those parts which be ordained for generation . Expl. 70. As the former precept did concern the life , so this doth concern the chastity of our neighbour . And as natural and regular self-love should be the rule and standard of our love to our neighbour , according to which we are to act in the preservation of his life ; so that love we ought to have to our selves , and that care we ought to have for the preservation of our own chastity , we ought also to have for the preservation of our neighbours chastity , otherwise we do not love our neighbour as our selves . A. 71. The seventh Commandment requireth the preservation of our own s , and our neighbours chastity t , in heart u , speech w , and behaviour x . To. 1. Hom. XI . Christ doth not only establish the Law against Adultery , and make it of full force ; but teacheth us an exact and full perfection of purity and cleanness of life , both to keep our bodies undefiled , and our hearts pure and free from all evil thoughts , carnal desires , and fleshly consents . Expl. 71. Here is ( 1 ) something required in the general , and that is the utmost endeavours to preserve chastity amongst all persons , and that honourable state of marriage from all the lusts of uncleanness , for as well the bodies of others as our own , are , or should be , the consecrated Temples of the Holy Ghost , and therefore are not to be defiled by the sacrilegious and abominable lusts of filthiness . ( 2 ) In particular , for this chastity is required ( 1 ) In heart , or soul , as it comprehends all the powers and faculties thereof , with all the inward actings of these ; as , ( 1 ) That in the understanding the thoughts be pure , chast , and clean ; and that whatever things are honest , in order to the preservation of chastity , we think on these things . ( 2 ) That the will do make its choice accordingly . ( 3 ) That the memory be a faithful Register only of the rules , and laws , and examples of modesty and chastity , and not to keep the Records of lust , nor to be Master of the Rowls to the spirit of uncleanness . ( 4 ) That nothing be represented upon the stage of fancy , but what doth become godliness and honesty . ( 5 ) That the affections do hug and embrace nothing that is defiled with the impurity of lust . ( 2 dly , ) Here is required chastity in speech , that mens discourse and communication be such as doth tend to promote and preserve good manners , to credit the Gospel , and to give good example to others ( especially the younger sort of people ) , as the Holy Ghost ( that Spirit of purity ) has left us an example of purity in speech , when he speaks only of that ( which considered in it self ) has nothing of guilt , but only something of that natural shame upon it which was bequeathed to us by our first Parents ; ex . gr . he knew her , he covered his feet , &c. Iudg. 3.24 . 1 Sam. 1.19 . ( 3 dly , ) In behaviour , that our gestures , postures , garb , apparel , company , dyet , and whole demeanour be such both before God and men , as becomes the purity of that Gospel which does not only teach to deny worldly , but also to abstain from all fleshly lusts , to avoid the appearance of them , and to hate the very garment spotted with the flesh . A. 72. The seventh Commandment forbiddeth all unchast thoughts y , words z , and actions a . To. 1. Hom. V. p. 2. Commit no manner of adultery , fornication , or other unchastness , in will , nor in deed , with any other mans wife , widow , or maid . Hom. XI . Here is whoredome , fornication , and all other uncleanness forbidden , to all kinds of people , all degrees , and all ages without exception . Expl. 72. ( 1 ) By unchast thoughts , we are to understand all impure and unchast motions of the Soul in any of its faculties , as also all the cherishing and indulging of these inwardly and secretly , as by consent , allowance , keeping them in mind with delight , and acting them in the fancy . ( 2 ) In unchast words is here forbidden , all kind of Ribaldry , Bawdry , Balladry , Romances , and Love-songs , and all such wanton discourses as are either plainly unchast , or at least immodest , and such as do not become the tongues or pens of those who profess godliness ; or at the best are such as have a direct tendency to the violation of modesty , if not of chastity . ( 3 ) By actions we are to understand not only all acts of uncleanness , as adultery , fornication , sodomy , bestiality , self-pollution , &c. but also all that which doth open a gap to any lusts of uncleanness , as polygamy , unlawful marriages , divorces , and dispensations ; all stews and naughty houses ; all undue delays of marriage where there is not the gift of continence ; all wanton dalliance , dancings , plays , and all such painting of the face , or pampering of the body , which have a natural tendency to inflame , or provoke filthy lust . A. 73. The eighth Commandment is , Thou shalt not steal . Expl. 73. This command concerns the goods as the next does the good name of our neighbour . A. 74. The eighth Commandment requireth the lawful procuring and furthering the wealth and outward estate of our selves b , and others c . Hom. V. Bestow your own goods charitably , which you get duly , as need and case requireth . Hom. VI. Bear good will and heart unto every man , to use our selves well unto them , as well in words and countenances , as in all our outward acts and deeds . Expl. 74. As in all the commands which concern our neighbour , the grand principle is to be love to him ; so in all ( but especially here ) the rule of our duty must be that golden rule of righteousness , do as you would be done by . Now next to the promoting of our own estate or welfare in the world , we must endeavour our neighbours welfare , we must not only love him as our selves , but we must in the general be careful to promote or preserve his estate as our own by all honest and lawful means ; more particularly here is required , ( 1. ) Personal cared about a mans own estate or goods , for charity begins at home . ( 2. ) Truth and faithfulness about what is committed to our charge by others . ( 3. ) Commutative justice between man and man , in bargaining contracting , buying and selling , and in rendring to every one his due , and in due time ; as also in borrowing , bartering , chaffering and changing . ( 4. ) Restitution of what we wrongfully detain of anothers goods , either to the person from whom they are detain'd , or to his heirs and executors if we be able , or else to acknowledg our fault to them , and to beg their pardon . ( 5. ) Lending freely and not looking for any thing again , especially where interest is to the impoverishing of our neighbour . ▪ 6 ▪ Charity to the relief of the poor . ( 7. ) Hospitality to strangers . ( 8. ) Diligence and faithfulness in an honest , calling not only that a man may provide for himself or his friends or family , but that he may have to give to him that needeth , ( 9. ) That all this be done with singleness of heart as to the Lord Christ , and with love to others as to our selves . A. 75. The eighth Commandment forbiddeth whatsoever doth , or may unjustly hinder our own d , or our neighbours wealth , and outward estate e . To. 2. Hom. XXI . Thefts and robberies are most pernicious to society . Hom. XVII . p. 2. So many as increase themselves by usury , by extortion , by perjury , by stealth , by deceits and craft , they have their goods of the Devils gift . Expl. 75. This Command in the general doth forbid all that doth hinder the end of this Command , which is the preservation of Livelihood , in order to the sustentation of life , whether our own or others , and consequently all that which doth hinder the performance of the foremention'd duties doth directly tend to the neglect of them . Particularly it doth forbid ( 1. ) inwardly ; and that ( 1. ) all covetous desires of what is not our own , heart-deceit , cheating contrivance , though never executed . ( 2. ) All overvaluing worldly things . ( 3. ) Envy at the prosperity of another , because he is richer than we . ( 4. ) All over-eager pursuit of worldly things , confidence in them , distracting cares about them , and inordinate grief for the loss of them . ( 5. ) All discontentedness with our present lot and condition . ( 2. ) Outwardly ; ( 1. ) all kind of robbery and stealth whether by force or fraud ; and hither may be refer'd , ( 1. ) That common practise amongst some of men-stealing , as also the enticing away of Servants from their Masters . ( 2. ) The receiving and buying of stoln goods ; the receiver is worse and the buyer little better than a thief , when he knows or suspects them to be stoln . ( 3 ) False weights , measures , lights , removing of land-marks &c. ( 4. ) All monopolies to raise the price . ( 5. ) All kind of cheating by game , and here many times the sin is double , sc. the game it self and cheating by it , or any such like jugling by sleight of hand . ( 6. ) All cosenage in words . ( 7. ) All acts of unfaithfulness in contracts , bargains , or in matters of trust publick or private . ( 8. ) Sacriledg , or the taking away of that which is devoted to pious uses , together with all unjust alienations . ( 9 ) Needless protracting of Law-suits . ( 10. ) All such engagements as ( by suretiship , &c. ) are to a mans own prejudice . ( 11. ) All forestalling of markets , and hoarding up against a dearth to the prejudice of the publick . ( 12. ) All injustice in any kind , whether by griping , usury , oppression , or any other unlawful way . A. 76. The ninth Commandment is , Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour ? Expl. 76. For the government of the tongue in reference to God we have the third Commandment , and for the guidance of it in reference to our selves and others we have this Commandment , for though our neighbour here be only mention'd yet our selves must not be exclued , and therefore regular self-care for our own good name is to be the rule of our care to preserve his good name . A. 77. The ninth Commandment requireth the maintaining and promoting of truth between man and man f , and of our own g ▪ and our neighbours good name h , especially in witness bearing i . To. 1. Hom. XII . p. 3. If we be good and quiet Christian men , let it appear in our tongues . If we have forsaken the devil , let us use no more devilish tongues . Expl. 77. The scope and drift of this Commandment most directly and expresly is the preservation of truth , but in subordination to the preservation of love to our neighbour , there being nothing that doth tend more to the violation of this affection , than the belying of him . The general duty therefore which this Commandment requires in reference to our neighbour is to speak the truth in love , yet more particularly as this Command is broken , so it is to be kept both inwardly and outwardly : ( 1. ) Inwardly , and then it doth require ( 1 ) love , both to the truth and to our neighbour ; because this twofold love is a good means for the preservation of our neighbours good name . ( 2. ) An high and just value and esteem of our neighbours credit and reputation . ( 3. ) Charitable thoughts concerning him , 'till we have grounds to the contrary . ( 4. ) Willingness to hear well , and unwillingness to hear ill of him . ( 5. ) A hearty rejoicing at good , and sorrowing for evil reports of him . ( 2 dly , ) Outwardly , is required , ( 1 ) Silence concerning our neighbour , or the not revealing of secrets , when either his good name , or a mans own good conscience is in danger to be prejudiced thereby ; for to reveal a secret ( where the concealing of it is not either much to the damage of others , or of the party who would have it kept a secret ) would be a violation both of Christian fidelity , and of humane society , and of the laws of friendship . ( 2. ) Here is outwardly required our just defence of our neighbour , by speaking well of him , ( 1 ) so far as the truth of the matter will bear it . ( 2 ) As we have a fit opportunity . And ( 3 ) a due call to speak on his behalf , but especially in witness bearing before a Magistrate ; for in such a case a man is to say the whole truth , or all that is material ( even in circumstances themselves ) for the just vindication of his neighbours good name ; and nothing but the truth , not that which is partly true and partly false . ( 2. ) To do ( as well as speak ) what we can according to our place and capacity , and to use our utmost interest for his defence , though there might be something of pains , charge , or hazzard in such Christian and neighbourly endeavours . ( 3. ) That a man do discourage and rebuke tale-bearers , flatterers , slanderers , and false accusers , especially when we observe that what they say is from malice , prejudice , and bitterness , and hath very little of probability in the matter . A. 78. The ninth Commandment forbiddeth whatsoever is prejudicial to truth k , or injurious to our own l , or our neighbours good name m . To. 1. Hom. XII . p. 3. He that hath been a malicious slanderer , now let him be a loving comforter . — He that hath abused his tongue in evil speaking , now let him use it in speaking well . All bitterness , anger , railing , and blasphemy , let it be avoided from you . Expl. 78. More particularly , here is forbidden something ( 1 st , ) Inwardly , as ( 1 ) All uncharitable and censorious thoughts concerning our neighbour ; for we are to love our neighbour , and charity thinketh no evil . ( 2 ) All supercilious and disdainful thoughts , as of the meanness of his person , the weakness of his parts , gifts , &c. ( 3 ) All ungrounded suspitions and over-credulousness , or a readiness to open the ear to any body that shall but open his mouth against him . ( 4 ) All such inordinate passions as ( hatred , wrath , &c. ) are suitable to such a bad and unchristian temper of mind . ( 2 dly , ) Outwardly , is here forbidden , ( 1 ) False testimony against him , whether privately unto some private person in our discourse , or publickly b●fore a Magistrate , when a man is to speak or to swear in truth , judgment , and righteousness . ( 2 ) The suborning or procuring of others to be false witnesses against him . ( 3 ) Pleading for an evil cause , for this is to defend injustice , and to be the Devils advocate . ( 4 ) Uncharitable censures . ( 5 ) Unjust verdicts and sentences . ( 6 ) Any kind of endeavours to suppress or hinder the course of justice and truth by undue silence . ( 7 ) Speaking the truth unseasonably , especially when it tends to detraction , reproach , and slander ; for to report the sins of others without just cause , is really a reproach , as from the reporter , though the matter be true ; if it be done without malice , and in order to his reformation , such report is not sinful , because here only a less good is neglected for procuring a greater . Yet is it no defamation to speak of anothers mans failings , when they are the common talk of publick fame , or markt out by the sentence of the Judg , or the notoriety of the fact . ( 8 ) Forgeries , whether of writing or tales . ( 9 ) Harsh misconstructions and interpretations of other mens words , intentions , or actions . ( 10 ) Flattering , and undervaluing of others . ( 11 ) All malicious aggravations , or unjust excuses and extenuations of others faults . ( 12 ) All such whisperings , reviling , and rash speaking , whereby either truth , charity , or the good name of others is wronged . ( 13 ) All raising and receiving false reports , and the rejoicing in the disgrace of another . ( 14 ) All mental reservations , and Jesuitical equivocations , or any other way whereby our own good name , or credit and conscience , and the good name of others , as well as truth it self and Religion , is wronged ▪ A. 79. The tenth Commandment is , Thou shalt not covet thy neighbours house , thou shalt not covet thy neighbours wife , nor his man-servant , nor his maid-servant , nor his oxe , nor his asse , nor anything that is thy neighbours . Expl. 79. This Command doth concern the frame and temper of the inward man , whether it be in reference to God , to our selves , or to others ; and the main scope of it is to preserve heart-purity , yea to bring faln man ( if it were possible on this side the heavenly Paradise ) to that primitive rectitude and original righteousness wherewith he was created , and which was not only the perfection but the glory of mans nature . A. 80. The tenth Commandment requireth full contentment with our own condition n , with a right and charitable frame of spirit towards our neighbour , and all that is his o . To. 1. Hom. V. p. 3. Covet not wrongfully , but content your selves with that which you get truly , and also bestow your own goods charitably , as need and case requireth . Expl. 80. This Command requires in the general , yet in a more direct and express manner internal obedience to all the other nine Commands ; or a universal regularity in mans nature , principles , inclinations , inward motions and affections towards God and man. Obj. But will some say , this Command therefore seems to be needless , or supernumerary , because every other Command doth require that holy and regular frame of heart which is suitable to it self , and the duties which it requires from the outward man. Answ. This Command is added not only as a universal declaration , but also as an universal confirmation of what God requires ( as to the rectitude or due temper of soul ) in all the other Commands together , and therefore 't was necessary to be added to all the rest ; so that this Command is of a further reach than all the former , being it requires universal rectitude , or original righteousness towards God and man. Obj. But then this Law would require that which is impossible . Answ. The Law must not cease to be perfect , because man is impotent , or not able to perform . Man has wilfully lost this power ; yet the Law must not therefore lose its purity or perfection . Yet ( 2 ) this frame of soul is not impossible to mans rational nature , though to corrupted nature . ( 3 ) Though the rigour of the Law doth still require perfection , yet the grace of the Gospel doth accept of sincerity in and through Christ. But more particularly , ( 1 ) This Command requires distinction of propriety , or that a man should know what belongs to him as his own . ( 2 ) Contentedness of mind with a mans present condition and lot , till God is pleased in his good providence to make his way plain before us , for the alteration or bettering of our condition ; now Gods way of providence is known by this , that it never contradicts his revealed will in his word , and in that it never destroys the eternal principles of righteousness and justice betwixt men . ( 3 ) It requires a charitable frame , i. e. that we be so far from envying him , or coveting what is his , that we rather wish and pray heartily , that both he and his may prosper , as well as we , or what belongs to us . A. 81. The tenth Commandment forbiddeth all discontentment with our own estate p , envying or grieving at the good of our neighbour q , and all inordinate motions and affections to any thing that is his r . To. 2. Hom. XXI . p. 3. Coveting or desiring of other mens Wives , Houses , Lands , Goods and Servants , willing to leave unto no man any thing of his own . Expl. 81. This Command forbiddeth all manner of lust or concupiscence , whereby the nature or heart of men is polluted and defiled , so that original lust or concupiscence which Paul had not known to be sin but by this Law , is plainly forbidden by this Law , Thou shalt not covet , Rom. 7.7 . Neither is only the fountain-lust , or the depraved inclination of corrupt nature here forbidden , but also all the streams that proceed from it ; as the lusts of the flesh , as luxury , or the lust of the eye as gain , or the pride of life as glory , scil . vain-glory . Yet further , here is forbidden ( 1 st , ) Discontentedness of mind , when men repine and murmure at Gods providence , as if he did wrong , those complainers , when he gives either more or better of this worlds goods to others than he does to them ; which wicked temper doth arise , ( 1 ) From mens covetousness . ( 2 ) From pride , which would pull down other mens estates to a mans own level ; but these two levelling principles being destructive to propriety as well as society , are here forbidden . ( 3 ) From a double mistake : As ( 1 ) concerning the nature of these things , as if a mans happiness did consist in the abundance of these things . ( 2 ) Concerning Gods government of the World , as if he did not govern the World in wisdom and righteousness . Qu. But may not a man lawfully desire more of this Worlds goods than he has already ? Answ. Yes ; Provided ( 1 ) his desire of what he wants be without murmuring and repining . ( 2 ) With cheerful submission to the will of God. And ( 3 ) with subordination to Gods glory ; neither is contentment of mind , at all inconsistent with such regular desires . ( 2 dly , ) Envying at the prosperity of others is here forbidden : For ( 1 ) This is against charity , which requires we should love our Neighbours as our selves , and which should rather rejoice than grieve at the good of others . ( 2 ) And that golden Rule of Righteousness , Do as you would be done unto . ( 3 ) Against the example of God himself , who rejoiceth in the prosperity of his servants . ( 3 dly , ) Here is forbidden all inordinate motions and affections towards worldly objects ; as love , delight , zeal , &c. in or for the enjoyment ; and impatience , vexation , immoderate grief for loss or disappointments . A. 82. No meer man since the Fall , is able in this life perfectly to keep the Commandments of God s , but daily doth break them in thought t , word u , and deed w . Artic. XIII . Works done before the grace of Christ , and the inspiration of his spirit , are not pleasant to God , forasmuch as they spring not of faith in Jesus Christ ; neither do they make men meet to receive grace , or ( as the School-Authors say ) deserve grace of congruity ; yea , rather for that they are not done as God hath willed and commanded them to be done , we doubt not but they have the nature of sin . Hom. III. p. 2. We have neither faith , charity , hope , patience , chastity , nor any thing else that good is , but of God , and therefore those virtues be called the fruits of the Holy Ghost , and not the fruits of man. — Truly there be imperfections in our best works . — Let us therefore not be asham'd to confess plainly our state of imperfection ; yea , let us not be ashamed to confess imperfection , even in all our best works . To. 2. Hom. XVII . The holy company ( of Saints in heaven ) confesseth constantly , that all the goods and graces wherewith they were endued in soul , came of the goodness of God only . It is meet therefore to think , that all spiritual goodness cometh from God only . Expl. 82. When 't is said no meer man since the fall , &c. 'T is clearly imply'd that before the fall man had power to keep the Law of God perfectly ; but now since the fall he has not this power in this life , neither ( 1 ) in his corrupt estate before conversion , nor ( 2 ) in his regenerate after conversion . ( 1 st , ) Not in his corrupt estate , for though men unconverted either to Christianity ( as the Gentiles ) or to Christ ( as all prophane Christians ) may by the power of nature , and freewill ; or by the help of common grace , be able to do some things contained in the Law , which in themselves considered are good for the matter ▪ yet not in a right manner , because not from a right principle , true grace ; and not to a right end , Gods Glory , nor by a right rule , the Law of God in the spiritual meaning of it . Nor ( 2 dly , ) in his regenerate state here in this life ; for ( 1 ) his knowledg of his duty is but in part , And how can he do it perfectly when he does not know perfectly ? ( 2 ) His grace imperfect , Ex. gr . faith , love , &c. because mingled with more or less of the opposite corruption . A. 83. Some sins in themselves , and by reason of several aggravations , are more hainous in the sight of God , than others x . Hom. V. p. 3. Christ saith , Wo be unto you , for you devour widows houses under colour of long prayers , therefore your damnation shall be greater . — You make them children of hell worse than your selves be . Hom. VIII . p. 2. Children of unbelief of two sorts , who despair and presume ; and both these sorts of men be in a damnable state ; as the one should believe the promises , so the other the threatnings ; not over-boldly presume of Gods mercy , and live dissolutely . Expl. 83. If we consider sin only with reference to the Infiniteness of Gods majesty who is thereby provoked , in this respect all sins are equally hainous , because all against an Infinite Majesty ; but if we consider them either in their own nature as transgressions or in their several circumstances , then some sins are greater , or more hainous than others ; for though every sin be a transgression of the Law of God , yet every Law of God , doth not equally , and so directly and immediately concern the Glory of God and the salvation of man ; neither is every Law so clearly promulgated , or made known : Besides , there are some aggravations in the sin it self , as when it is not only in the heart , but in word and deed ; so the greater the scandal , the greater the means to prevent it , the greater the person by whom , and against whom , the greater the sin ; as also it may receive its aggravations from many circumstances , as time ; when a man is drunk upon the Lords day ; place , as to cut a purse in the Church , or at the Bar before the Judg ; Company , as to be debauch'd in Civil , or prophane in Religious company . A. 84. Every sin deserveth Gods wrath and curse , both in this life , and that which is to come y Hom. XX. p. 1. We do daily and hourly by our wickedness and stubborn disobedience , horribly fall away from God , thereby purchasing unto our selves ( if he should deal with us according to his justice ) eternal damnation . Expl. 84. Every sin being a breach of the Law deserves the curse of the Law , or the penalty which is due to the sinner upon every the least sin , and that penalty is death ; not only temporal , but spiritual and eternal ; or the wrath of God to be inflicted upon the sinner both here and hereafter . Obj. But if every sin deserve hell , then this would seem to take away the difference in punishments ? Answ. No , for this doth not ly in the duration of the punishment , for that will be eternal to all who come into that state where the worm never dyes , and the fire never goeth out ; but it will be in the degrees of the punishment ; some belike shall lose more good , and endure more evil or torment than others . CHAP. III. Of things to be practis'd , according to the Gospel : Or the Ordinances of the Gospel , particularly of the two Sacraments , in 13 Articles , with their Explanation . From A. 85. to 98. A. 85. TO escape the wrath and curse of God due to us for sin , God requireth of us Faith in Jesus Christ , repentance unto life z , with the diligent use of all outward means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of Redemption . a Hom. XX. p. 1. — We have here a perpetual Rule appointed unto us , which ought to be kept at all times ; and that there is no other way whereby the wrath of God may be pacified , and his anger asswaged , — which no man is able to abide , but is mov'd by repentance to obtain mercy . — And with a full purpose of amendment of life , fleeing to the mercy of God , taking sure hold thereupon , through faith in his Son Jesus Christ , there is an assured and infallible hope of pardon and remission , — and that we shall be received into the favour of our heavenly Father . To. 1. Hom. VIII . p. 2. If we turn to him with an humble and a very penitent heart he will receive us to his favour and grace , for his name sake , for his promise sake , for his truth and mercies sake , promised to all faithful believers in Jesus Christ his only natural Son. Expl. 85. There were never any more than these two ways prescribed by God unto man , for his keeping or obtaining of that happiness which doth consist in the favour of God. ( 1 ) Perfect and sinless obedience to the whole will of his Creator , and this was prescribed in innocency , for his keeping in favour with God. ( 2 ) Faith in Iesus Christ ; which was prescribed immediately after the Fall , for the recovery of the favour of God which he had lost ; for we are to look upon God not only as the party offended by transgression , but also as the supreme Lawgiver , and great Governour of the world ; and therefore God as the supreme Governour was bound ( by vertue of the perfection of his own Government , and for the preservation of the honour of his Law and Justice ) not to treat with man , in order to his being received into favour again , but only in and through a Mediatour ; and because infinite wisdom could not find out a fitter than he who was God-man , God was therefore pleased in the riches of his grace and mercy , to pitch upon this way of recovering lost man , sc. by faith in Christ , who is mediator between God and man : And although the Law of works did not accept of repentance upon the breach thereof , yet the Law of faith doth , or the Covenant of Grace doth as well require repentance toward God , as faith in our Lord Jesus Christ. But then this , repentance must be qualified ( as is exprest in the A. ) sc. It must be repentance unto life , not a dead repentance , but such as brings forth suitable fruit , namely , that which is unto holiness , and the end everlasting life : And then , in the next place God requires a diligent use of all the means of grace , these being the conduit-pipes whereby Christ , and Grace , and the Spirit , and all the spiritual benefits of our redemption are ordinarily communicated unto us ; for though the want of these may not damn any ( but other sins ) where those that want them are not in the fault that they want them ; as those that want the means of grace , and have only the Light of nature , will not be condemned for what they want , but for not glorifying God according to what light they have , though it be but from the dim candle of nature ; so those that have these means and neglect them , will have the greater damnation ; for , This is the condemnation , that light is come into the world , and men loved darkness rather than light , Io. 3.14 . From all which may be infer'd , ( 1 ) That the light of nature , or the dim candle of corrupt reason is not sufficient to guide a man to Heaven ; for if it were , faith would have been superfluous , and Gospel-revelation concerning our redemption by Christ needless . ( 2 ) That in order to salvation , it is not enough for a man to believe the truth of the Gospel ; but he must also accept of the terms of the Gospel , or Christ in the Gospel ▪ sc. faith and repentance . i. e. He must accept of Christ in all his Offices , and accordingly yeild subjection to him ; and he must repent of all his sins , so as to bring forth fruit meet for repentance ; for a fruitless or a dead repentance will never carry a man to heaven . ( 3 ) That Christ is communicative of his Grace , for therefore hath he appointed means of Grace for the conveying of Grace to his members ; he is not a fountain sealed , but a fountain open'd . ( 4 ) That it is the duty of Christians to attend diligently upon the Ordinances of Christ , for not only the necessity of the end requires it , there being no other ordinary way for the obtaining of the end , but by these means , but also the obligatory power of Gods Command . ( 5 ) That those therefore are enemies to their own salvation and redemption by Christ , that do wilfully neglect the use , or deny the necessity of Christs Ordinances . ( 6 ) That if Christians be never the better for Christ , and by what he has done for sinners , they may thank themselves , for God has prescribed means whereby they may reap benefit from the undertaking of Christ ; if then they do miss of life and salvation , 't is because they will not come to him that they may have life . ( 7 ) That Christians had need to beg of God , that his good Spirit may move upon the waters of the Sanctuary , that in and through Christ they may prove effectual for healing . A. 86. Faith in Jesus Christ is a saving-grace b , whereby we receive c , and rest upon him alone for salvation d , as he is offered to us in the Gospel e . Hom. IV. p. 1. Of Faith. It consisteth not only in believing that the word of God is true . — But it is also a true trust and confidence of the mercy of God through our Lord Jesus Christ , — hanging only upon him , and calling upon him , ready to obey and love him . — It being the first coming unto God whereby we are justified . P. 2. By faith only , not that the said justifying faith is alone in man , without true repentance , hope , charity , dread , and the fear of God , at any time or season . — But to take away clearly all merit of our works , — and wholly to ascribe the merit and deserving of our justification unto Christ only , and his most precious blood-shedding . This faith the holy Scripture teacheth us ; this is the strong rock and foundation of the Christian Religion ; this Doctrine all old and ancient Authors of Christs Church do approve . This Doctrine advanceth and setteth forth the true glory of Christ , and beateth down the vain-glory of man. This whosoever denieth , is not to be accounted for a Christian man , nor for a setter forth of Gods glory , but for an adversary to Christ and his Gospel , and a setter forth of vain-glory . — Not that this our own act , to believe in Christ which is within us , doth justifie us . ( For this were to count our selves to be justified by some act or vertue that is within our selves ) But we must renounce the merit of faith , &c. and trust only in Gods mercy , and that sacrifice which our high Priest and Saviour , Christ Jesus the Son of God , once offer'd . To. 2. Hom. XI . Unfeigned faith is the only mean and instrument of salvation required on our parts . Expl. 86. In this description of faith there are several things observable , as ( 1 ) concerning the object of it ; and this is Jesus Christ , not only as God , though therefore he is to be believed because Truth it self ; nor only as God-man , though the Word being made flesh he is to be believed because he is the Revealer of his Fathers will concerning mans Salvation , but as being God-man he is constituted Mediator betwixt God and man , and by vertue of his Mediatorship doth execute the office of a King , of a Priest , and of a Prophet , in order to the Salvation of all those who do believe in him , or do heartily receive and embrace him for their alsufficient Saviour upon the terms of the Gospel ; and thus considered he is proposed as the object of saving Faith ; yet because without shedding of blood there is no remission , and because we are said to have redemption through his blood , therefore Christ crucifi'd is the most peculiar object of this faith . ( 2 ) Concerning the act of this faith 't is to be noted , that doth not barely exert or put forth it self in a firm assent only to the truth of the Gospel , nor yet in a particular full perswasion that I shall be undoubtedly saved in and through Christ , for true saving faith may be without this full assurance , but 't is exercised in a free consent of the will that this Saviour shall be our Saviour upon those terms he is offer'd ; namely , cheerful submission both to his Scepter and to his Cross , and hereupon the affections those everlasting gates of the Soul , as love , joy , delight , &c. are set open that this King of glory may enter in and find entertainment there . A. 87. Repentance unto life is a saving grace f , whereby a sinner out of the true sense of his sin g , and apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ h , doth with grief and hatred of his sin turn from it unto God i , with full purpose of , and endeavours after new obedience k . Hom. XX. Of Repentance . Which is a returning again of the whole man unto God , from whom we be faln away by sin . — We must return from those things whereby we have been withdrawn , pluckt , and led away from God. — Unto whom alone we must return , — not to the creatures , or the inventions of men , or our own mercies , — by Jesus Christ , — who hath made satisfaction to the Justice of God , — with our whole heart , — forsaking all that is contrary to Gods will , — out of a sincere love of godliness , — a purpose of our selves by Gods grace to renounce our former wicked life ; and a full conversion to God in a new life to glorifie his name , &c. We must beware and take heed , that we do in no wise think in our hearts , imagine or believe , that we are able to repent aright , or turn effectually unto the Lord , by our own might and strength , for this must be verified in all men , Without me ye can do nothing , Ioh. 15.5 . Again , of our selves we are not able as much as to think a good thought , 2 Cor. 3.5 . Expl. 87. This repentance is called repentance unto life , because the fruit thereof is unto holiness , and the end everlasting life , and concerning this repentance several things are to be noted ( 1 st , ) concerning the nature of it that ( as well as faith ) it is a saving-grace , because it is a part of Sanctification , and not a common work of the spirit which is reckon'd up amongst those things which do not accompany Salvation , as every part of Sanctification doth . ( 2 dly , ) Concerning the immediate spring of this repentance , and that is a true sense of sin , ( i. e. ) such a sense of sin as doth break the heart for sin , and that in a kindly manner with grief , or godly sorrow not with despair ; this latter sense of sin may be found in a Iudas , but only the former in a Paul ; for whether it be in reference to the guilt of sin , a true penitent does not despair of pardoning mercy ; or whether it be in reference to the punishment of sin , he hopes to be deliver'd from the wrath to come ; and therefore this true sense of sin , and a lively apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ are here joyned together . ( 3 dly , ) We have here the inward acts of repentance , as ( 1 ) grief of heart for sin , called therefore a being pricked at the heart , and a being contrite , and broken in spirit ; which is when a mans heart is ready to bleed and melt , and tremble within him because he has broken the holy Law of God , and has thereby foolishly exposed himself to the curse and penalty of the Law. ( 2 ) Hatred of sin whereby a man doth disrellish , and dislike sin , and can roul it as a sweet morsel under his tongue no longer ; when he does not only not love sin , but he abhors it , the very thoughts of it are grievous and ungrateful to him ; and therefore ( 3 ) he turns from it , not only does as one who turns away his face that cannot endure to behold it , but his feet , for he hastens as far from it as he can , and that he may secure himself from the danger of it he turns from it to God. ( 4 ) With resolution not to return to his old beloved any more . ( 4 thly , ) we have here the outward effects of repentance ( called its fruits ) active , constant , universal endeavours to lead a new life . A. 88. The outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of Redemption , are his Ordinances , especially the Word , Sacraments , and Prayer l , all which are made effectual to the Elect for salvation . Hom. 5. p. 3. Apply your selves chiefly , and above all things , to read and hear Gods word ; mark diligently therein what his will is you should do , and with all your endeavours apply your selves to follow the same . Expl. 88. 'T is here supposed in the A. that there are inward and extraordinary means whereby Christ can and sometimes probably does communicate the benefits of Redemption , there being Salvation in no other name than that of Jesus , where persons are not made capable of this Salvation in an ordinary way , and in the use of means , there is no other way left but that which is extraordinary ; and so we read of those that have been sanctified from the womb . But the ordinary means are the standing Ordinances of the Gospel , sc. the Word , Sacraments and Prayer ; the Word to inform and reform us , Sacraments to confirm our faith , and Prayer to beg a divine and effectual blessing upon both ; and all these three are included in that one great ordinance of the Gospel , a Gospel-ministry , unto which Christ hath promised his presence unto the end of the world , because till then the mystical body of Christ will stand in need of being edified in its most holy faith , for if the Unction of the Spirit had taken away the use of preaching why then did the Apostles use to preach ? A. 89. The Spirit of God maketh the reading , but especially the preaching of the Word , an effectual means of convincing and converting sinners m , and of building them up in holiness and comfort n , through faith unto salvation o . Hom. I. p. 2. If we lack a learned man to instruct and teach us , yet God himself from above will give light to our minds , and teach us those things which are necessary for us , and wherein we are ignorant . — Mans humane and worldly wisdom , or science , is not needful to the understanding of Scripture ; but the revelation of the Holy Ghost , who inspireth the true meaning into them , that with humility and diligence do search therefore . To. 2. Hom. XVII . p. 1. Let us in faith and charity call upon the Father of mercy , by the mediation of his well-beloved Son our Saviour , that we may be assisted with the presence of his holy Spirit , and profitably on our parts , demean our selves in speaking and harkening to the salvation of our souls . Hom. XVI . p. 2. And he of his great mercy so work in all mens hearts , by the mighty power of the Holy Ghost , that the comfortable Gospel of his Son Christ may be truly preached , truly received , and truly followed in all places , to the bearing down of sin , death , the Pope , the Devil , and all the Kingdom of Antichrist . Hom. XVII . p. 3. We should not be able to believe and know these great mysteries that be open'd to us by Christ , but by the Holy Ghost . St. Paul says , that no man can know what is of God , but by the Spirit of God ; as for us ( saith he ) we have received , not the spirit of the world , but the Spirit which is of God , for this purpose , that in that holy Spirit we might know the things that be given us by Christ. Expl. 89. In this A. there is ( 1 ) something supposed ; ( 2 ) something asserted : Here it is supposed ( 1 ) that sometime the reading of the Word doth prove effectual for the spiritual and eternal good of the Soul , and hence it is that Christ commands us to search and read the Scripture , and doth charge mens ignorance and error about Soul-matters , upon their negligence herein . ( 2 ) That reading of Scripture at home doth not at all excuse people from hearing the Word in the solemn Assemblies where it is preached , for there is an especially here fixed on the word Preached as to the efficacy of it , either for conviction , conversion or comfort . ( 3 ) That the Word whether read or preached ( except the Spirit , go along with it ) is but a dead letter , till the Angel ( i. e. ) the Spirit of God move upon this water of the Sanctuary no healing is to be expected from it . And therefore ( 2 ly , ) 't is here asserted ( 1 ) concerning the Word read , ( 2 ) concerning the Word preached that the Spirit of God doth make it effectual ( 1 ) for the opening of blind eyes , so as to discover to men the things that concern their peace and their duty . ( 2 ) For the turning of sinners unto God from the error and evil of their ways , from darkness unto light . ( 3 ) For the building of men up in their most holy faith , because hereby is laid the first stone , for faith cometh by hearing ; hereby is laid the last , for 't is by the Ministry of the Word that the Christian is made an habitation of God through the Spirit , or a temple of the Holy Ghost . ( 4 ) For the perfecting of holiness in the fear of God. ( 5 ) For comfort , for this is that brook in the way of which the Christian traveller drinketh , and so is able to run the ways of Gods commands and not be weary , to walk and not to faint . A. 90. That the Word may become effectual to salvation , we must attend thereunto with diligence p , preparation q , and prayer r , receive it with faith s , and love t , lay it up in our hearts u , and practise it in our lives w . Hom. I. p. 1. The Scriptures have power to turn through Gods promise , and they be effectual through Gods assistance ; and being received in a faithful heart , they have ever an heavenly spiritual working in them . — In reading Gods will he profits most , that is most turn'd into it , that is most inspired with the Holy Ghost , most in heart and life chang'd into that thing which he readeth . — Read it humbly with a meek and lowly heart , to the intent you may glorifie God , and not your self , with the knowledg of it ; and read it not without daily praying to God , that he would direct your reading to a good effect . — Let us hear , read , and know these holy rules , instructions , and statutes of our Christian Religion , and upon that we have made profession to God at our Baptism . Let us fear and reverence , lay up ( in the chest of our hearts ) these necessary and fruitful lessons . Let us night and day muse , and have meditation and contemplation in them . Expl. 90. This A. doth inform us of the right manner of using and managing the word ( whether read or preached ) with profit as ( 1 st , ) our attendance upon the Word must be with diligence , now this doth imply ( 2 ) things , ( 1 ) the intention of the mind , that when a man is reading Scripture , or hearing a Sermon , he do seriously mind what he is about , do not suffer his mind and thoughts to be roving upon other things ; and the reason of this intention of mind is because he knows that the eye of God is intent upon him . ( 2 ) An holy sollicitude , or a mans being concerned in the issue of the duty , he being sensible that he is now engaged in the use of that means for eternal life that God has prescribed , he now reads every Chapter , and hears every Sermon , as if it were ( as indeed it is ) for his life ; so in this diligent attendance there is something wherein the outward man is concerned , sc. a devout , reverent and serious composure of the outward man to the work . ( 2 dly , ) Preparation , and this doth imply ( 1 ) a mans laying aside all worldly cares , affairs and business , sports or recreations which might any way hinder him in such holy and heavenly employment , that so he may attend upon it without distraction . ( 2 ) A mans laying aside all worldly affections , as love of the world , &c. or his putting away all superfluity of naughtiness . ( 3 ) A mans putting himself into the presence of God , or a pressing upon himself the sense of Gods authority , majesty and holiness , as well as of the truth and importance of his word . ( 3 dly , ) Prayer , that Gods word may do us good ; and here we are to pray ( 1 ) for the Minister , that he may preach as becomes the word of God , and an Ambassadour of Christ. ( 2 ) For our selves , that we may receive it as the ingrafted word which is able to save our Souls ; yet more particularly ( 1 ) that we may mingle it with faith , it being that which deserves the most firm or the highest degree of assent that we are able to give to any thing . ( 2 ) That we may receive it with love ( 1 ) to God the author of it , and because 't is his word . ( 2 ) To the Preacher as sent by God ; ( 3 ) to the word it self , because for the matter 't is that which doth so highly import our happiness . ( 4 ) We are to give reception and entertainment not only in the porch of our ear , but in the best room of our hearts ; yea it being a precious treasure , better than gold and silver , it must be our care , ( 1 ) to lay it up as treasure in our hearts , to hide it there as David did . ( 2 ) As treasure to be improved , to lay it out , now this cannot be done any other or better way than by a mans taking heed to his ways , according to Gods word , for he that thus ordereth his conversation aright shall see the salvation of God. A. 91. The Sacraments become effectual means of salvation , not from any virtue in them , or in him that doth administer them x , but only by the blessing of Christ , and the working of his Spirit in them that by Faith receive them y . Artic. XXVI . The effect of Christs Ordinance is not taken away by the Ministers wickedness , neither the grace of Gods gifts diminish'd from such as by faith and rightly do receive the Sacraments ministred to them , which be effectual because of Christs institution and promise , although they be ministred by evil men . Nevertheless it appertaineth to the discipline of the Church , that enquiry be made of evil Ministers , and that they be accused by those that have knowledg of their offences ; and finally , being found guilty by just judgment be deposed . Expl. 91. Here we have it expressed , ( 1 ) negatively , how the Sacraments do not become effectual , &c. as ( 1 ) not from any virtue in themselves ; for as the word is a dead letter of it self , so the Sacraments are dead signs ; for can it be imagin'd in reason , that the soul which must live for ever , can be feasted , fed , and nourished to eternal life by a morsel of bread and a sup of wine ? ( perishing elements ) , or that the spiritual defilement of the soul can be wash'd off by a few drops of water sprinkled upon the face . ( 2 ) Not from any virtue in the Minister , as neither ( 1 ) his piety , because this can be no meritorious or procuring cause of a blessing in the Minister ; ( 2 ) nor his good intention , for then the blessing would not only depend upon the power , but also upon the will of man ; but the efficacy of Sacraments depends ( 2 dly , ) affirmatively , ( 1 st , ) Upon Christs blessing grounded on his own institution and appointment , for he will not be wanting to his own Ordinances . ( 2 dly , ) Upon the working of the Spirit , or his application of them to the soul in a spiritual manner , and thereby bringing to the mind of the receiver , ( 1 ) the Author of Sacraments , Christ ; ( 2 ) the impulsive cause , his love ; ( 3 ) by representing and sealing the righteousness of Christ to the soul ; ( 4 ) by objective excitation of suitable affections , as love , gratitude . ( 3 dly , ) Their efficacy doth depend on the receivers faith , not as a meritorious cause , but as a necessary condition , without which Christ will not bless them . A. 92. A Sacrament is an holy Ordinance , instituted of Christ , wherein by sensible signs , Christ and the benefits of the new Covenant are represented z , sealed , and applied to believers a . Expl. 92. In the general , all sound Divines do agree , that a Sacrament hath these two parts , ( 1 ) an outward sign , such as are the objects of sense , and especially of seeing ; for though bread and wine be objected or presented to the taste , as well as to the eye ; and water to the touch , yet the representation or the resemblance of Christs body broken and his blood shed , is in seeing the bread broken and the wine poured out ; and the spiritual washing of the soul represented to the eye of faith , by that washing of the filth of the flesh which is visibly done before the eye of the body . ( 2 ) Invisible grace ; for the internal application of Christs benefits to the soul being of a spiritual nature , cannot be seen by the eye of the body ; yet more particularly , in this A. we have the nature and quality of a Sacrament , 't is a holy Ordinance , ( 1 ) it has holiness to the Lord stampt upon it , and so is spiritual in its nature . ( 2 ) It is instituted by Christ the holy one ; it is not his Holiness at Rome , or rather that man of sin , that can institute a Sacrament , though he hath taken the boldness to add five Sacraments to those two which Christ hath appointed . The holiest man upon earth cannot appoint a Sacrament ; it is priviledg enough in man to celebrate it when it is instituted by God. ( 3 ) It is a means for the promoting of sanctification and holiness , for it is an obligation upon a Christian to holiness , and though it be not a means to work conversion ( ordinarily at least ) , yet it doth excite , quicken , and confirm grace . ( 4 ) It is the seal of a holy Covenant , wherein ( as by a Deed of free-gift ) all the benefits of Christs Redemption are made over and applyed to believers , and wherein all the promises are Yea and Amen through Christ unto such . ( 5 ) It is an Ordinance that in a most eminent manner is accompanied with the assistance , influence , and comforts of the Holy Ghost , because at such a time the Spirit in a most remarkable manner is concerned to execute his office , as the Spirit of Adoption witnessing together with the spirits of believing Receivers , that they are the children of God. And doth not all this holiness wherewith this Sacrament is attended , require on the Communicants part a holy and solemn preparation ? A. 93. The Sacraments of the new Testament are Baptism b , and the Lords Supper c . Artic. XXV . There are two Sacraments ordained of Christ our Lord in the Gospel , i. e. Baptism and the Supper of the Lord. — Confirmation , Pennance , Orders , Matrimony , and extream Unction are not to be counted for Sacraments of the Gospel . To. 2. Hom. IX . Sacraments instituted by our Saviour Christ to be received and continued of every true Christian in due time and order , for such purpose as He willed them to be received , as visible signs expresly commanded in the New Testament , whereunto is annexed the promise of free forgiveness of our sins , and of our holiness , and joining in Christ , there be but two , namely , Baptism and the Supper of the Lord. Expl. 93. There are but these two , not only as generally necessary , but as only necessary to salvation , for who was fitter to judg of the necessity , or to appoint the number of Sacraments , then he alone who had the sole power to appoint any Sacrament at all ; now ( 1 ) in the New Testament we find only these two of Christs appointment . ( 2 ) These two are sufficient to the end to which they are appointed . sc. to seal the Covenant of Grace . ( 3 ) Though there were more extraordinary , yet there were but two ordinary Sacraments under the Old Testament , sc. Circumcision and the Passover . ( 4 ) Only these two forementioned do correspond to these two of the Old Testament ; and so do not Pennance , Matrimony , Orders , &c. ( 5 ) Only these two are directed as to the manner of participation in the New Testament . ( 6 ) Christs Ministers have only these two , and no more in their Commission to administer and to celebrate as Sacraments , sc. Baptism and the Lords Supper . A. 94. Baptism is a Sacrament , wherein the washing with water in the Name of the Father , and of the Son , and of the Holy Ghost d , doth signifie and seal our ingrafting into Christ , and partaking of the benefits of the Covenant of Grace e , and our engagement to be the Lords f . Artic. XXVII . It is a sign of regeneration or new birth , whereby ( as by an instrument ) they that receive Baptism rightly , are grafted into the Church ; the promises of forgiveness of sin , of our adoption to be the Sons of God by the Holy Ghost , are visibly signed and sealed . Expl. 94. In this A. we have ( 1 ) the general notion of Baptism ; It is a Sacrament ( i. e. ) a seal of the righteousness of faith , and so is every other Sacrament which is a seal of the Covenant of Grace , whether under the legal or evangelical dispensation . ( 2 ) We have here the description of Baptism , and therein the difference of Baptism from the Lord's Supper . ( 1 ) In the outward signs or elements in that water in this Bread and Wine , and God having been so particular and distinct in appointing these , we should be as strict and careful in the use of them ; not adding to them the corrupt inventions of men , as the Papists do add to Water , Cream , Salt , Oyl and Spittle , &c. Nor diminishing from the other , As they do when they deprive the people of the Cup. ( 2 ) They differ in their order , for Baptism is the first Sacrament of the Gospel , because it is to be administred when a Christian ( or the Infant of one or both believing Parents ) is solemnly to be admitted a member of Christ's visible Church , but the Lord's Supper is to follow this . ( 3 ) In frequency , Baptism is to be administred but once , because a man can be born but once spiritually ( as well as naturally ) and this Sacrament is a seal of this spiritual birth , when the inward Baptism of the Holy Ghost , is accompanied with the outward of Water , which by the way being both inward and outward , may be called the Doctrine of Baptisms ; but the Supper being to represent and exhibit Christ as spiritual nourishment to the soul , may and must be often , because we often stand in need of it . ( 4 ) In the form of administration , Baptism being in the Name of Father , Son , and Holy Ghost ; because we are to be baptized into all the three persons in the Godhead ; but the Supper in these words , take , eat , this is my body , &c. ( 5 ) In Baptism is sealed to us and represented our dying unto sin , and living unto righteousness ( especially in those of years-that are baptized ) but in the other Sacrament , Christ dying for our sin is represented and confirmed to us . ( 6 ) Baptism doth seal us a title to all visible Church priviledges and ordinances of the Gospel , and the Lord's Supper doth suppose this title both to these and all the benefits and advantages of the Covenant of Grace . ( 7 ) In Baptism we solemnly engage to be the Lords , and to be entirely his ; and in the Supper we renew this engagement , and not only our renewal of our vow , but our Baptismal vow should be frequently and seriously considered , especially in a time of Temptation and Apostacy . A. 95. Baptism is not to be administred to any out of the visible Church , till they profess their faith in Christ , and obedience to him g , but the Infants of such as are members of the visible Church are to be baptized h . Engl. Artic. XXII . The Baptism of young Children , is in any wise to be retained in the Church , as most agreeable with the institution of Christ. Expl. 95. 'T is here observeable that Baptism is not to be administred ( 1 st ) to Infidels or unbelievers ( whilst such ) as Jews , Turks , and Pagans ; for those are not to be solemnly admitted into the visible Church , who have no precedent right by virtue of the Covenant of Grace to such admission , but ( 2 dly , ) 'T is to be administred to these two sorts of persons . ( 1 ) Those who have not yet been baptized , and do make a credible profession of their faith in Christ , and obedience to his Gospel : which was required of converted Gentiles in order to their Baptism , and will be of converted Jews when they are to be re-ingrafted into the true olive ; yet is this no plea for the practice of Anabaptists , who defer the Baptism of their Children till they can make a profession of their faith , where one or both the Parents is a visible member of the Church . For ( 2 ) Infants of visible professors are to be look'd upon as members of the Church visible , and there are to enjoy this Church priviledge ; else such Infants would be in a worse condition now than formerly . A. 96. The Lords Supper is a Sacrament , wherein by giving and receiving Bread and Wine , according to Gods appointment , his death is shewed forth i , and the worthy receivers are not after a corporal and carnal manner , but by faith made partakers of his body and blood , with all his benefits to their spiritual nourishment and growth in grace k . Artic. XXVIII . It is a Sacrament of our Redemption by Christs death . Insomuch that to such as rightly , worthily , and with faith receive the same , the bread which we break is partaking of the body of Christ ; and likewise the Cup of blessing is a partaking of the blood of Christ. Transubstantiation ( or the change of the substance of Bread and Wine ) in the Supper of the Lord , cannot be prov'd by holy Writ ; but it is repugnant to the plain words of Scripture , overthroweth the nature of a Sacrament , and hath given occasion to many superstitions . Expl. 96. When 't is here said the Lord's Supper is a Sacrament , we are to understand no more by a Sacrament , then that 't is a seal of the righteousness of faith ; so that those persons who do run to the righteousness of works , or or of the Law in order to justification , they run out of the tenour of the Covenant of Grace , in which only the righteousn●ss of faith is sealed to the believer . More particularly in this great Gospel-ordinance of the N. T. We have ( 1 ) the Sacramental signs , Bread and Wine ; not Bread only , or Wine only , but both , hereby noting that we have in Christ whatever is needful ( whether for support or comfort ) to life everlasting . ( 2 ) The thing outwardly represented by these two elements , sc. Christ's body and blood ; by the Bread his body ; so that the Papists who stick so close to the letter , might with as much shew of reason conclude that Christ's body was turned into Bread , as that the Bread was turned into his body . And by the Bread broken , is signified his body being wounded and broken ; and by the Wine his blood , and by the pouring forth of the Wine , the shedding forth of his blood , without which no remission . ( 3 ) The Sacramental actions , sc. giving and receiving , whereby is noted not only that he gave himself for sinners , but that he gives himself to believers ; and that as by the bodily hand they receive the Bread and Wine , so by a hand of saith they receive and accept of Christ as he offereth himself in the Gospel . ( 4 ) The spiritual signification of the whole , sc. the righteousness of Christ , and all the benefits of his Mediatory undertaking , made over and sealed to them in the Covenant of Grace , who do by faith apply these to themselves ; so that every worthy Communicant may say , Christ dyed for me , &c. ( 5 ) The authoritative design of all this to this very end and purpose by Christ himself , who alone can appoint Gospel Sacraments ; because he alone can bestow that Grace of which Sacraments are but the Conduit pipes . ( 6 ) That worthy Receivers are partakers of Christ's body and blood , not in a gross and corporal , but in a spiritual manner , for if the Bread were the real body or flesh of Christ which we eat in this Sacrament , then it would be no Sacrament at all ; because the sign and thing signified would be really the same . ( 7 ) The advantages hereof , are the pardon of sin sealed , assurance of God's love , spiritual joy , comfort , refreshment , nourishment and growth in Grace . A. 97. It is required of them that would worthily partake of the Lords Supper , that they examine themselves of their knowledg , to discern the Lords body l , of their faith to feed upon him m , of their repentance n , love o , and new obedience p , lest coming unworthily , they eat and drink judgment to themselves q . Artic. XXVIII . The body of Christ is given , taken , and eaten in the Supper only after an heavenly and spiritual manner ; and the mean whereby the body of Christ is received and eaten in the Supper , is Faith. To. 2. Hom. XV. We must certainly know , that three things be requisite in him which would seemly , as becometh such high mysteries , resort to the Lords Table , i. e. first , a right and worthy estimation and understanding of this mystery . Secondly , To come in a sure faith . Thirdly , To have newness or pureness of life to succeed the receiving of the same . p. 2. Newness of life , and godliness of conversation , as fruits of faith , are required in the partakers of this Table . We may learn by eating of the typical Lamb , whereunto no man was admitted but he that was a Jew , and was circumcised , and was before sanctified . Expl. 97. By worthiness we are only to understand fitness ; for in order to a Christian's practice of this Ordinance , he must examine himself in these two things . ( 1 ) As to his Right and Title , for if a man has no right to or interest in the righteousness of Christ , when he receives this seal , he has it only to a blank . ( 2 ) As to fitness , called in Scripture the wedding garment , for he is no more fit to be a guest at Christ's table who wants this garment , than he is to feast with a Prince at his royal table , who is cloathed with nothing but rags and nastiness ; yet more distinctly he must examine himself , ( 1 st , ) in point of knowledg , whether or no he be competently acquainted with the terms of the Covenant of Grace , of which this Sacrament is a seal , and with the necessary principles of Religion , and with the indispensable duties of the Gospel ▪ and with the greatness of the love of Christ in dying for sinners ; for he who is grosly ignorant of these things , as also of the difference between the Sacramental elements , and actions , and what is spiritually intended by them , can never be able to discern the Lord's body ; but above all he must be sure to know practically and experimentally Christ crucified in this Sacrament . ( 2 dly , ) He must examine his faith , as , ( 1 ) Whether he be in a state of faith , ( a believer ) which he may know by his being a new Creature . ( 2 ) Whether he do upon this particular occasion exercise the Grace of faith ; but especially whether he doth heartily assent to the truth of the Gospel ; and whether he does heartily close with Christ in the Gospel . ( 3 ) His repentance , whether it be such as doth break his heart as well from sin as for sin , which hath broken and crucified the body of his dear Redeemer . ( 4 ) His love whether this doth fill him ( 1 ) with admiring thoughts of the love of Christ in dying for him , greater love than this hath no man seen . ( 2 ) With readiness and resolution to suffer , yea dye for Christ if called to it . ( 5 ) New obedience , which may be known to be such . ( 1 ) By the spring from whence it doth flow , the Grace of God ; or the new nature . ( 2 ) By the manner of its being performed , sc. in a spiritually-natural way with delight and zeal . ( 3 ) By the rule of it , the Law spiritually interpreted . ( 4 ) By the end of it , the glory of God ; and that person who finds himself thus qualified , may come and welcome to the Lord's table ; so let him eat of that bread and drink of that cup. CHAP. IV. Of things to be pray'd for , in the Lords-Prayer , in 10 Articles , with their Explanation . From A. 98. to the end . A. 98. PRayer is an offering up of our desires to God r , for things agreeable to his will s , in the name of Christ t , with confession of our sins u , and thankful acknowledgment of his mercies w . To. 2. Hom. VII . p. 1. — Prayer is necessary for all men , at all times , and in all places . — Be fervent in prayer , assuring our selves , that whatsoever we ask of God the Father in the Name of his Son Christ , and according to his will , he will undoubtedly grant it . p. 2. In all our necessities , direct our prayers to him , call upon his holy Name , desire help at his hands , and at none others . — He is able , — will help us , — hears , understands better than our selves , what we lack , and how far we have need of help . Hom. IX . — Be sure that in all prayer your minds be devoutly lifted up to God , else your prayers are to no purpose . Hom. XVII . All good things came down to us from the Father of light . — Jesus Christ his Son and our Saviour , is the mean , by whom we receive his liberal goodness , — in the power and virtue of the Holy Ghost we be made able to receive his gifts and graces . Expl. 98. Concerning Prayer there are two things to be noted , ( 1 ) the name , ( 2 ) the thing it self . The name of that which is here described is Prayer , a term more comprehensive than invocation , which is only vocal Prayer , for it doth comprehend in it , Invocation , Petition , Confession , Thanksgiving , Supplications , and Intercessions , whether expressed in words or only pent up in a devout breast . ( 2 ) For the thing it self , we have ( 1 ) the necessary Requisites of Prayer . ( 2 ) The ordinary sorts and kinds of it . Necessary Requisites are ( 1 st ) that it be an offering up of our desires to God , and this is essential to all Prayer , that there be a holy motion of the will towards God in pious and devout desires though these should never be framed into words ; Internal or heart-Prayer in some cases is all that God requires , and therefore he will graciously accept of it : But this spiritual Sacrifice must be presented only to God ; for ( 1 ) He only knows , and can supply our wants . ( 2 ) Faith and Prayer must go together , and faith is only to be in God. ( 3 ) The Lords Prayer doth only send us to God and no other . But then , &c. [ See Expl. 99. ] A. 99. The whole Word of God is of use to direct us in Prayer x , but the special Rule of Direction , is that Form of Prayer , which Christ taught his Disciples y , commonly called the Lords Prayer . To. 2. Hom. VII . p. 3. What better example can we desire to have than of Christ himself , who taught his Disciples and other Christian men , first to pray for heavenly things , and afterwards for earthly things , as is to be seen in that Prayer which he left unto his Church , commonly called the Lords-Prayer . Expl. 99. ( 2 dly , ) 'T is essentially necessary to Prayer that it be only for things agreeable to Gods will. ( 1 ) The whole Will of God in general ; As men must not make their lust their end , in begging any thing of God ( for those who ask that they may consume what they ask upon their lust , do ask amiss for the end ; ) so neither their fancy their rule , for then they ask amiss for the manner and matter both . ( 2 ) And more particularly , the Lords Prayer ; for this may be used not only as a Prayer it self , Luk. 11.2 . but also as a pattern for all other Prayers , not so much for method and order , for we are not so strictly tyed to that ; as for matter in which we are not to deviate from this so comprehensive directory in the matter of Prayer , Mat. 6.9 . ( 3 dly , ) In the name of Christ , ( i. e ) ( 1 ) By virtue of his warrant and authority , because he doth command us to pray . What is done by his authority , is in his Name . ( 2 ) Making use of him as our Mediator or Intercessor , or great Master of Requests in Heaven ; for we are strangers to God and enemies to him naturally , and so must make use of the Name of Christ , and not of our own . ( 2 dly . ) The ordinary kinds or parts of Prayer , are ( 1 ) Confession of sin , either expressed or implyed , for when we beg or petition for any mercy , we are to own our unworthiness of it , which we cannot well do without confession of sin . ( 2 ) Thanksgiving , for there is something of the nature of Prayer in such acknowledgments , scit . our desire that God would accept of our Sacrifices of Praise , and Christ has taught us in our Prayer to praise God , For thine is the Kingdom , &c. A. 100. The Preface of the Lords Prayer , which is , Our Father which art in heaven ; teacheth us , to draw near to God with all holy reverence z , and confidence a , as children to a Father , able and ready to help b , and that we should pray with , and for others c . Hom. XVII . Consider his great power to make us dread and fear ; — high wisdom , — inestimable goodness , to take good heart again to trust well unto him , — being assured to take him for our refuge , our hope and comfort , our merciful Father , in all the cases of our lives . Expl. 100. The Preface teacheth many lessons . ( 1 ) Solemn Preparation , that we come not rashly to pray , but bethink our selves before-hand to whom we are to pray . ( 2 ) Reverence , as the name Father doth import . ( 3 ) Access with boldness , that we may go to God as freely in and through Christ , as Children can go to their natural Parents . ( 4 ) Confidence of speeding all the while we ask aright for the matter , and manner , and end ; for when men do not speed , 't is because they ask amiss , i. e either what they should not , or as they should not , or wherefore they should not . ( 5 ) Gods readiness to hear and help , therefore called our Father ; none more ready to help a Child than the Father of ●t . ( 6 ) Gods pity and compassion towards his children , which does move him to help them ; As a father pities his children , &c. ( 7 ) That great Article of our Creed , Communion of Saints ; for all true Christian supplicants have one common union in that one common relation of children unto God , and therefore called our Father . ( 8 ) Compassion , that we do pity and pray one for another , being all of us children of the same common Father . ( 9 ) That though God is present in all places , yet Heaven is in a more especial manner the habitation of his holiness ; because he doth there more immediately , gloriously , and fully communicate of himself to the Angels and Spirits of just men made perfect . ( 10 ) That man ( being a sinful supplicant ) should know his distance from the great God , and with all humble and thankful admiration acknowledg Gods condescention towards him , in that he is willing to receive any petition from him . A. 101. In the first Petition , which is , Hallowed be thy Name ; We pray , that God would enable us and others to glorifie him in all that whereby he makes himself known d , and that he would dispose all things to his own glory e . To. 2. Hom. VII . p. 3. — We are taught whensoever we make our prayers unto God , chiefly to respect the honour and glory of his Name . Expl. 101. This is not only the first Petition in this Prayer , but the first of those Petitions wherein we are taught to beg good things ; for the two last Petitions in this Prayer are deprecatory against evil . Now from the shortness of all these Petitions in general , we may observe , that the efficacy of Prayer doth not consist in the multitude of words , but doth most shew it self in a holy fervency and ardour of affections . In this Petition there is , ( 1 st , ) Something supposed , as the ground of this Petition , as ( 1 ) That man ought to make the glory of God his chief end in all his designs . ( 2 ) That by his natural power , and without the grace of God , he is not able to glorifie God. ( 2 dly , ) We have the matter of the Petition ( Hallowed be thy name ) . In which words we do pray in the general , that all the Attributes , Titles , Ordinances , Words , and Works of God ( whereby he is made known ) may be heartily and highly valued , and esteemed , and magnified in the world . More particularly , we beg . ( 1 ) That God would give us hearts . ( 2 ) Grace , to shew forth his glory in all our words , thoughts , actions , and capacities . ( 3 ) That he would prevent or remove all that sin especially whereby the lustre of his glory in the world is most eclipsed , as Atheism , Ignorance , Idolatry , Oppression , &c. ( 4 ) That he would so lay the scene of his Providence in the government of the world , that he may still get to himself a glorious name , whether it be in works of power , wisdom , justice , or mercy ; for though he will do this whether we beg it or no , yet ( 1 ) it is our duty , because commanded . ( 2 ) Hereby we shew our love to God , by this zeal for his glory . ( 3 ) To our own souls , for his glory and our happiness are twisted together . A. 102. In the second Petition , which is , Thy Kingdome come ; We pray , that Satans Kingdome may be destroyed f , that the Kingdome of Grace may be advanced g , our selves and others brought into it , and kept in it h , and that the Kingdome of Glory may be hastened i . To. 2. Hom. XVI . p. 2. He of his great mercy so works in all mens hearts , by the mighty power of the Holy Ghost , that the comfortable Gospel of his Son Christ may be truly preached , truly received , and truly followed in all places , to the beating down of sin , death , the Pope , the Devil , and all the Kingdom of Antichrist ; that like scattered and dispersed sheep , being at length gathered into one fold , we may in the end rest altogether in the bosome of Abraham , Isaac , and Iacob , there to be partakers of eternal and everlasting life , through the merits and death of Jesus Christ our Saviour . Expl. 102. By kingdom we are to understand in the general , Gods rule and dominion and power , that he exerciseth in the world , both over all his creatures , and particularly over men . Now in reference to the wicked , God doth exercise the kingdom of his power and justice in restraining or punishing them ; and thus to pray that this kingdom may come amongst wicked men , is to pray , that the interest , power , and dominion of Sin , Satan , and Antichrist in the world may be destroy'd ; for in this Petition we do acknowledg our selves to be by nature subjects of the Prince of darkness , and therefore we are to pray , that this iron-yoke may be taken off ▪ and that we may take upon us the easie yoke of Christ. But in reference to the elect , Gods kingdom is either , ( 1 st , ) A kingdom of Grace in this world , and then we pray , the Scepter of this kingdom may rule in the hearts and lives of Gods elect : Now this Scepter being the Gospel , we are to pray , ( 1 ) That this may be dispersed all the world over , in order to the gathering of the dispersed Iews which do belong to the election of Grace , and to the fulness of the Gentiles . ( 2 ) That where the means of grace and knowledg are enjoyed ( together with all Gospel-Ordinances and Gospel-order ) they may prove effectual for the begetting and growth of grace and saving-knowledg , and for the spiritual comfort and support of weak Christians . ( 3 ) That to this end and purpose God would bestow his Holy Spirit upon his people , as the Spirit of Truth to lead them into all necessary truth , as a Spirit of Holiness to sanctifie them , and as he is the comforter . ( 4 ) That the power of the Civil Magistrate may be laid out for the good of the Church ; and that God would still furnish his Church with such Officers , both Spiritual and Civil , as may most promote the interest of Christs spiritual kingdom ; and all this we are to beg of God alone , ( 1 ) because he alone can check and restrain whatever does oppose his kingdom . ( 2 ) Because he alone can effectually grant what we beg herein . ( 2 dly , ) And for the kingdom of Glory , we are to beg the hastening of it for the elects sake , by Christs second coming , because hereby , ( 1 ) God will be most glorified . ( 2 ) The kingdom of Grace will be perfected , when Christs loyal Subjects shall reign with him in glory . Even so come Lord Iesus , come quickly . A. 103. In the third Petition , which is , Thy will be done on Earth , as it is in Heaven ; We pray , that God by his grace would make us able and willing to know , obey m , and submit to his will in all things l , as the Angels do in Heaven m To. 2. Hom. XXIII . As God the Creator and Lord of all things , appointed his Angels and heavenly Creatures , in all obedience to serve and honour his Majesty ; so was it his will , that man his chief Creature upon the earth , should live under the obedience of his Creator and Lord. Expl. 103. In this Petition we have two things observable , ( 1 ) The matter of our obedience , it must be what God requires . ( 2 ) The manner , it must be according to the pattern in the Mount , sc. as it is done in heaven . For the matter , 't is only Gods Will which must be the Rule of mans duty ; not the wills , or fancies , or traditions , or corrupt customs of men ; we owe obedience no further to men in what they require from us , than it is agreeable to the Will of God , and especially in the duties of Religion , because God alone , who is the searcher of the heart , is Lord of the conscience , when-ever therefore what is required of us as matter of duty comes accompany'd with a thus saith the Lord , either in the plain words , or in the plain sense of Scripture , we must not dispute , but obey . Yet to prevent mistake , we are to know , ( 1 ) There is the secret will of God , called the will of his counsel and purpose ; but though this be the Rule he himself walks by , yet 't is not the Rule of our obedience , and we are no further to pray that this will may be done , than as it seems good to his infinite wisdom ; and that we may with patience submit to it , and in all events ( though they may cross our wills never so much ) acknowledg the holiness and rectitude of it , and nothing may displease us that pleaseth him . But ( 2 dly , ) there is his revealed will , as ( 1 ) in his promises , and here we are to pray , that they may be fulfilled . ( 2 ) In his threatnings towards the implacable enemies of his Church , that these may be executed , and this in subserviency to the former Petition , that his Kingdom may come . ( 3 ) In his prophesies , that they may be accomplished . ( 4 ) And principally in his Commands , that these may be obey'd and performed above and before any thing else , or that these be done whatever else be left undone ; and that ( 2 dly , ) For the manner , as it is done in heaven by Angels and the Spirits of just men made perfect , i. e. perfectly ; not that we can be perfect in holiness here on earth , but that we should be aiming at it , and be perfecting holiness in the fear of God ; in which are these two things , ( 1 ) The renouncing our own wills , as they do oppose the will of God. ( 2 ) Actual , real , constant , cheerful , universal compliance with the holy will of God. A. 104. In the fourth Petition which is , Give us this day our daily Bread ; We pray , that of Gods free gift we may receive a competent portion of the good things of this life n , and enjoy his blessings with them o To. 2. Hom. VI. [ Our daily bread ] i. e. all things necessary for this our needy life . Hom. VII . p. 3. When we have sufficiently pray'd for things belonging to the soul , then may we lawfully and with safe conscience pray also for our bodily necessities , as meat , drink , clothing health of body , deliverance out of prison , good luck ( i. e. success ) in our daily affairs , &c. according as we shall have need . Expl. 104. The former Petitions did respect God ; and this is the first of those which doth concern our selves . In which Petition ( 1 ) Somewhat is imply'd , as ( 1 ) That we depend upon God for the necessities of life . ( 2 ) That these are only to be desired so far as they may help us in the doing of his will. ( 3 ) That the frailty of our natures is such , that they stand in need of daily supplies of these necessaries . ( 4 ) That our care in reference to these things is neither to be immoderate , for we are to ask but for bread , i. e. necessity ; nor to look far , as is imply'd in that word day . ( 5 ) That having food and rayment we be therewith content . ( 6 ) That however men in their honest Callings do take pains for necessaries , yet they are the free gift of God. ( 2 ) In the Petition we are to ask , ( 1 ) necessaries of life , called in Scripture food and rayment , and here bread . ( 2 ) All means and helps to obtain these . ( 3 ) A blessing upon them ; for these three things are included in this one word [ bread ] . A. 105. In the fifth Petition , which is , And forgive us our debts , as we forgive our debtors ; We pray , that God for Christs sake would freely pardon all our sins p , which we are the rather encouraged to ask , because by his grace we are enabled from the heart to forgive others q To. 2. Hom. IX . Dissention and discord interrupt prayer . — For the Lords Prayer hath not only a respect to particular persons , but to the whole universal , in the which we openly pronounce , that we will forgive them which have offended against us , even as we ask forgiveness of our sins of God. Hom. VII . p. 2. What if we be sinners , shall we not therefore pray unto God ? or shall we despair to obtain any thing at his hands ? Why did Christ then teach us to ask forgiveness of our sins , &c. Expl. 105. In reference to the petition about forgiveness , there is ( 1 ) something imply'd . ( 2 ) The matter of the Petition , and ( 3 ) the illustration of it . 'T is imply'd , ( 1 ) That man is naturally a guilty creature , and under the condemnation , and consequently obnoxious to the curse of the Law , both by reason of Original and Actual sin . ( 2 ) That of himself he cannot make satisfaction to Divine Justice , nor any other for him ( Christ only excepted , who is God as well as man ) . For if man , or any other creature for him , could satisfie Gods justice , he might then stick to that plea , and stand at the bar of Justice ; whereas he is now forc'd to the throne of Grace . ( 3 ) That God only can forgive sin , for man is here directed only to God. ( 4 ) That confession of sin , and petition unto God for pardon , is the way to obtain this pardon in and through Christ. ( 2 dly , ) The matter of the petition , or that we pray for , 't is directly and expresly remission ( or forgiveness ) of sins , and then consequently the imputation of Christs righteousness to us , by virtue whereof we may find acceptance with God the Father , in and by and through the merit of the righteousness of his Son Christ. For as by bread in the former Petition we do by a Synecdoche understand all the necessaries of this corporal life ; so in this Petition , by forgiveness we may understand that which is so necessary to eternal life , Christs righteousness to be imputed to us ; or in one word , in this Petition we beg justification of our persons , as in the next we beg sanctification of our natures , hearts , and lives . In short , sith there is forgiveness with God that he may be feared , we who are so many condemned Malefactors must make our application and our supplication to him , and to him alone for pardon ; for sin is such a burden , and of such intolerable weight , that 't is only omnipotent mercy that can remove the guilt of it from the consciences of men , it being an opposition to the holiness of Gods nature , who is infinite ; as well as a violation of that Law which is exceeding broad ; and therefore , by the way , sin may very well pass for the greatest of evils , sith ( 1 ) only the righteousness of Christ is broad enough to cover it , that the shame of the sinners nakedness may not appear ; ( 2 ) only the mercy of an infinite God could pardon it ; ( 3 ) sith 't is a down-right defacing of the image of God in man , and instead thereof drawing the black lines or image of Satan upon mans soul ; ( 4 ) and is consequently the greatest enemy to mans happiness and perfection ; ( 5 ) It doth procure for the impenitent unpardoned sinner , the eternal wrath of God and flames of hell . Q. But it may be here demanded , why our sins are called debts ? For an Answer we are to know in the general , that they are not so properly , but metaphorically , with allusion to those debts that are contracted between man and man ; for God is not to be consider'd properly as a Creditor , but as a Governour ; so that in strict sense our obedience ( rather than our sin ) is our debt to God , and such a debt as we owe to him by the Law of our Creation ; so that our sins are called our debts only because sin doth make punishment to become a debt which we owe unto God , and 't is our just debt , and of the two it is punishment which man doth suffer for sin that comes nearer to the nature and notion of a debt than sin it self , this being a due debt to Gods Justice , as obedience is to his Authority , however we cannot pray that this debt of punishment be remitted , except we beg that guilt ( which is an obligation to punishment ) be first removed . ( 3ly ) We have the illustration of the matter of this Petition , by an apt similitude or resemblance , sc. as we forgive our debtors ) , which words with reference to God , are not to be considered either as a rule that God should proceed in the same manner , to forgive us as we do others , or as a standard that God should measure out so many pardons to us as we give to those who do offend us , but ( 1 ) as an argument , ( 2 ) as an evidence . The argument proceeds from the Jess to the greater ; that if we who have ( but as it were ) a drop of mercy , can forgive others , how much more will God ( who is an Ocean of free-grace and love it self ) forgive us ; not that our forgiving others is meritorious of Gods forgiving us . ( 2 ) Our forgiving others , when 't is done freely and heartily and universally , 't is a fruit of the love and mercy of God shed abroad in our hearts , an evidence of true grace in the soul , or of sanctification , and those whom he has sanctified he has also justified . A. 106. In the sixth Petition , which is , And lead us not into temptation , but deliver us from evil ; We pray , that God would either keep us from being tempted to sin r , or support and deliver us when we are tempted s To. 2. Hom. IX . — Must crave continually of god the help of his holy Spirit , so to rule their hearts , left hatred and debate do arise , — brawlings , tauntings , — cursings and fightings . Which are from the ghostly enemy , who taketh great delight therein . — They are compassed by the Devil , whose temptation if followed must needs begin and weave the web of all miseries and sorrows . — They will not consider the crafty trains of the Devil , and therefore give not their thoughts to pray to God , that he would vouchsafe to repress his power . Expl. 106. In this Petition there are two things necessarily suppos'd , as ( 1 ) The wickedness or perversness of mans nature to sin , for when we beg that God would not lead us into temptation , we do own a proneness to fall into it . ( 2 ) The weakness of mans nature to resist temptations , or to come off without any final damage when we are tempred , for therefore do we pray to God to deliver us from evil ; that if the wise God , in his wise and just providence , for holy and just ends , do so order things , that we be assaulted by the Devil , the World , or the Flesh , yet that God would so powerfully support and assist us by his Grace and Spirit that we be not overcome , but that we may recover as a Bird out of the snare of the Fowler . We do not absolutely pray against afflictions ( though these are also tentations ) and lead us not , &c. but we do absolutely pray to be delivered from the evil of sin , and this by God alone , who can bring good out of evil . A. 107. The Conclusion of the Lords-Prayer , which is , For thine is the Kingdom , and the Power , and the Glory , for ever , Amen ; teacheth us , to take our encouragement in prayer from God only t , and in our prayers to praise him , ascribing Kingdom , power , and glory to him u and in testimony of our desire and assurance to be heard , we say , Amen w To. 2. Hom. IX . [ Amen ] which word is as much as to say , as truth , that the blessing or thanksgiving may be confirm'd . Expl. 107. In this Conclusion we are taught , ( 1 ) Self-denial , and the renouncing of all worth and merit in our selves ; for we are not to say , Lord do thus and thus , for I am worthy , for whom thou shouldst do so and so , but for thine is the Kingdom , &c. i. e. Thou who hast commanded us to pray for what we need , hast Power to give us what we beg , though in our selves never so unworthy . From that word therefore [ Lord ] we may note , ( 1 ) That answering of prayers is a special part of Gods providence in governing the world , which he will have every supplicant to own and acknowledg . The belief of a providence is very necessary to the offering up unto God the sacrifice of prayer . ( 2 ) From those words [ and the Power ] we may note , sc. That what God may do as Governour of the world , in answering prayers by virtue of his supreme Authority , that he hath strength and ability to execute and perform . ( 3 ) From those words [ and the Glory ] observe , ( 1 ) That God looks upon it as one of his Titles of Honour , to be a God hearing prayers ; ( 2 ) That therefore in our prayers ( as well as in any other part of Divine worship ) we should principally aim at the honour of God ; and 't is one of the greatest arguments we can have of hope to speed , when our design is rather to gloririfie God than to gratifie our selves . ( 3 ) That the Kingdom and Power of God , and that honour which does redound to him from both these are everlasting . ( 4 ) That Praise should accompany Prayer . ( 5 ) That whatever we ask of God in the name of Christ , according to his will , believing we shall receive , for that 's the meaning of that word which doth seal up this Prayer , Amen ; because so it is , or so be it , or ( in the words of Christ ) be it unto thee even as thou wilt ; a greater encouragement than which unto prayer no rational supplicant can desire , for 't is no more than ask and have , that your joy may be full . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A26345-e230 a Psal. 87.5 , 6. b Ier. 9 3. c Gen. 14.14 . d Hos. 4.6 . e Eph. 4.18 . f Isa. 27.11 . g Act. 3.6 . h 1 Cor. 3.2 . Heb. 5.12 . i Mat. 4.4 . Amos 8.11 . k Luk 8.26 , 37. — 9 , 5. — 10 , 11 , 12. l Mat. 10.14 , 40 , &c. m Zach. 5. n Ier. 36 : 23. o 2 Cor. 4.3 : p Rom. 10.1 . q Gal. 6.6 . r Deut. 11.18 , 19 , &c. — 6.6 , 7 , 8. — 4.9 . Eph. 6.4 . Isa. 28.10 . Ex. 13.8 . Psal. 78.5 . Prov. 22.6 . — 29 ▪ 3. — 10.1 . — 1.10 . — 4.1 , 2. Col. 3.11 , 12. Gen. 18.18 , 19. 2 Tim. 1.5 . with 3.15 , &c. s 1 Tim. 4.3 , 4 , 5. Ioh. 8.29 . t 1 Tim. 3.5 . u 1 Pet. 2.2 . Isa. 55.1 , 2. * Sir Edwyn Sands observed Eighty years ago , that this was a notable means for the growth of the Reformed Religion . x Deut. 17.18 , 19. y Prov. 29.15 , 17. with 4. 1 Sam. 2.23 , &c. — 3.13 . Luk. 12.47 , 48. Prov. 1.24 , 25 , &c. * Decemb●r , 1670. 1 Tim. 6.3 . Eccl. 12.13 . Joh. 13.17 . Phil. 4.13 . 1 Cor. 9.23 , 27. Mat. 10.13 , 14 , -40. Luk. 10.16 1 Thes. 4.8 Joh 12.25 , 48. Notes for div A26345-e5910 Prov. 19.2 . Heb. 12.13 . 1552. 1562. Artic. XXXV . 13 Eliz. c. 5. 1655. Dec. 11. 1670. Notes for div A26345-e8640 What is the chief End of Man ? a 1 Cor. 10.31 . Whether therefore ye eat , or drink , or whatsoever ye do , do all to the glory of God. b Psal. 73.25 . Whom have I in heaven but thee ? and there is none upon earth that I desire besides thee . 26. My flesh and my heart saileth , but God is the strength of my heart , and my portion for ever . What Rule hath God given to direct us how we may glorifie and enjoy him ? c Eph. 2.20 . And are built upon the foundation of the Apostles and Prophets , Iesus Christ himself being the chief Corner-stone . d 2 Tim. 3.16 . All Scripture is given by inspiration of God , and is profitable for doctrine , for reproof , for correction , for instruction in righteousness . e 1 Joh. 1.3 . That which we have seen and heard , declare we unto you , that ye also may have fellowship with us ; and truly our fellowship is with the Father , and with his Son Iesus Christ. What do the Scriptures principally teach ? f 2 Tim. 1.13 . Hold fast the form of sound words , which thou hast heard of me , in faith and love which is in Christ Iesus . What is God ? g Joh. 4.24 . God is a Spirit , and they that worship him , must worship him in spirit , and in truth . h Job 11.7 . Canst thou by searching find out God ? Canst thou find out the Almighty unto perfection ? i Psal. 90.2 . From everlasting to everlasting thou art God. k Jam. 1.17 . The Father of lights , with whom there is no variableness , neither shadow of turning . l Exod. 3.14 . And God said unto Moses , I am that I am ; and he said , thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel , I AM hath sent me unto you ▪ m Psal. 147.5 . Great is our Lord , and of great power , his understanding is infinite . n Rev. 4.8 . Holy , holy , holy Lord God Almighty , which was ▪ and is , and is to come . o Exod. 34.6 . The Lord , the Lord God , merciful and gracious , long-suffering , and abundant in goodness and truth : 7. Keeping mercy for thousands , forgiving iniquity , and transgression , and sin , and that will by no means clear the guilty . g Joh. 4.24 . God is a Spirit , and they that worship him , must worship him in spirit , and in truth . h Job 11.7 . Canst thou by searching find out God ? Canst thou find out the Almighty unto perfection ? i Psal. 90.2 . From everlasting to everlasting thou art God. k Jam. 1.17 . The Father of lights , with whom there is no variableness , neither shadow of turning . l Exod. 3.14 . And God said unto Moses , I am that I am ; and he said , thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel , I AM hath sent me unto you , m Psal. 147.5 . Great is our Lord , and of great power , his understanding is infinite . n Rev. 4.8 . Holy , holy , holy Lord God Almighty , which was , and is , and is to come . o Exod. 34.6 . The Lord , the Lord God , merciful and gracious , long-suffering , and abundant in goodness and truth : 7. Keeping mercy for thousands , forgiving iniquity , and transgression , and sin , and that will by no means clear the guilty . Are there more Gods than one ? p Deut. 6.4 . Hear , O Israel , the Lord our God is one Lord. q Jer. 10.10 . But the Lord he is the true God , he is the living God , and an everlasting King. How many persons are there in the Godhead ? r Mat. 28.19 . Go ye therefore and teach all Nations , baptizing them in the Name of the Father , and of the Son , and of the Holy Ghost . s 1 Joh. 5.7 . For there are three that bear record in Heaven , the Father , the Word , and the Holy Ghost , and these three are one . What are the Decrees of God ? t Eph. 1.11 . Being predestinated , according to the purpose of him who worketh all things after the counsel of his own will. 12. That we should be to the praise of his glory . How doth God execute his Decrees ? u Rev. 4.11 . Thou hast created all things , and for thy pleasure they are and were created . w Dan. 4.35 . He doth according to his will , in the army of heaven , and among the inhabitants of the earth . What is the work of Creation ? x Gen 1.1 . In the beginning God created the Heaven and the Earth . y Heb. 11.3 . Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God ; so that things which were seen , were not made of things that do appear . z Gen. 1.31 . And God saw every thing that he had made , and behold it was very good , and the evening and the morning were the sixth day . How did God create man ? a Gen. 1.27 . So God created man in his own Image , in the Image of God created he him , male and female created he them . b Col. 3.10 . And have put on the new man , which is renewed in knowledg , after the image of him that created him . Eph. 4.24 . And that ye put on the new man , which after God is created in righteousness , and true holiness . c Gen. 1.28 . And God blessed them , and God said unto them , Be fruitful and multiply , and replenish the earth , and subdue it ; and have dominion over the fish of the sea , and over the fowl of the air , and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth . What are Gods works of Providence ? d Psal. 145.17 . The Lord is righteous in all his ways , and holy in all his works . e Isa. 28.29 . This also cometh forth from the Lord of hosts , which is wonderful in counsel , and excellent in working . f Heb. 1.3 . Upholding all things by the word of his power . g Psal. 103.19 . His kingdom ruleth over all . Mat. 10.29 . Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing ? and one of them shall not fall to the ground without your Father . What special act of Providence did God exercise towards man , in the estate wherein he was created ? h Gal. 3.12 . And the law is not of faith , but the man that doth them shall live in them . i Gen. 2.17 . But of the tree of knowledg of good and evil , thou shalt not eat of it ; for in the day thou eatest thereof , thou shalt surely die . Did our first Parents continue in the estate wherein they were created ? k Eccl. 7.29 . God hath made man upright , but they have sought out many inventions . What is sin ? l 1 Joh. 3.4 . Whosoever committeth sin , transgresseth also the law ; for sin is the transgression of the law . What was the sin whereby our first Parents sell from the estate wherein they were created ? m Gen. 3.6 . And when the woman saw that the Tree was good for food , and that it was pleasant to the eyes , and a tree to be desired to make one wise ; she took of the fruit thereof and did eat , and gave also to her husband and he did eat . 7. And the eyes of them both were opened , and they knew that they were naked . 8. And Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the Lord , among the trees of the garden . Did all mankind fall in Adams first transgression ? n Gen. 1.28 . And God blessed them , and God said unto them , Be fruitful , and multiply , and replenish the Earth . Gen. 2.16 . And the Lord God commanded the man , saying , Of every Tree in the Garden thou maist freely eat . 17. But of the Tree of the knowledg of good and evil , thou shalt not eat of it ; for in the day thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die . o Rom. 5.18 . By the offence of one , judgment came upon all to condemnation . Into what estate did the fall bring mankind ? p Rom. 5.12 . By one man sin entred into the world , and death by sin , and so death passed upon all men , for that all have sinned . Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereunto man fell ? q Rom. 5.19 . By one mans disobedience many were made sinners . r Rom. 3.10 . There is none righteous , no not one . s Eph. 2.1 . You hath he quickened , who were dead in trespasses and sins . Psal. 51.5 . Behold , I was shapen in iniquity , and in sin did my mother conceive me ? t Mat. 15.19 . For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts , murders , adulteries , fornications , thefts , false-witness , blaspemies . 20. These are the things which defile a man. What is the misery of that estate whereunto man fell ? u Gen. 3.8 ▪ Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the Lord God , amongst the Trees of the Garden . 24. So he drove out the man. w Eph. 2.3 . And were by nature , children of wrath , even as others . Gal. 3.10 . Cursed is every man that continueth not in all things which are written in the Book of the Law to do them . x Rom. 6.23 . The wages of sin is death . Mat. 25.41 . Then shall he say unto them on the left hand , Depart from me ye cursed into everlasting fire , prepared for the Devil and his angels . Did God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery ? y Eph. 1.4 . According as he hath chosen us in him , before the foundation of the world . z Rom. 3.21 . But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested , being witnessed by the Law and the Prophets . 22 : Even the righteousness of God , which is of Faith by Iesus Christ , unto all , and upon all that believe . Who is the Redeemer of Gods Elect ? a 1 Tim. 2.5 . For there is one God , and one Mediator between God and men , the man Christ Iesus . b Joh. 1.14 . And the word was made flesh , and dwelt among us . c Rom. 9.5 . Whose are the Fathers , and of whom as concerning the flesh , Christ came , who is over all , God blessed for ever . d Heb. 7.24 . But this man , because he continueth ever , hath an unchangeable priesthood . How did Christ being the Son of God , become man ? e Heb. 2.14 . For as much then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood , he also himself likewise took part in the same . f Mat. 26.38 . Then saith he unto them , My soul is exceeding sorrowful , even unto death . g Luk. 1.31 . Behold thou shalt conceive in thy womb , and bring forth a Son , and shalt call his Name Iesus . 35. The holy Ghost shall come upon thee , and the power of the highest shall over-shadow thee . h Heb. 7.25 . Such a High-Priest became us , who is holy , harmless , undefiled , separate from sinners . What Offices doth Christ execute as our Redeemer ? i Act. 3.20 . Moses truly said unto the fathers , A Prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren , like unto me , him shall ye hear in all things whatsoever he shall say unto you . k Heb. 5.6 . Thou art a Priest for ever , after the order of Melchisedec . l Psal. 2.6 . Yet have I set my King upon my holy hill of Sion . How doth Christ execute the office of a Prophet ? m Joh. 1.18 . No man hath seen God at any time ; the only begotten Son , which is in the bosom of the Father , he hath declared him . n Joh. 20.31 . These things are written , that ye might believe that Iesus is the Christ , the Son of God ; and that believing ye might have life through his Name . o Joh. 14.26 . The Comforter which is the holy Ghost , whom the Father will send in my Name , he shall teach you all things . How doth Christ execute the office of a Priest ? p Heb. 9.28 . Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many . q Heb. 2.17 . In all things it behoved him to be made like unto his brethren , that he might be a merciful and faithful High-Priest , in things pertaining to God to make reconciliation for the sins of the people . r Heb. 7.25 . He is able to save them to the uttermost , that come unto God by him , seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them . How doth Christ execute the office of a King ? s Psal. 110.3 . Thy people shall be willing in the day of thy power . t Isa. 33.22 . The Lord is our Iudg , the Lord is our Law-giver , the Lord is our King , he will save us . u 1 Cor. 15.25 . For he must reign , till he hath put all his Enemies under his feet . Wherein did Christs Humiliation consist ? w Luk. 2.7 . And she brought forth her first born Son , and wrapped him in Swadling-clothes , and laid him in a manger . x Gal. 4.4 . God sent forth his Son , made of a woman , made under the Law. y Isa. 53.3 . He is despised and rejected of men , a man of sorrows , and acquainted with grief . z Mat. 27.46 . And about the ninth hour , Iesus cried with a loud voice , My God , my God , why hast thou forsaken me ? a Phil. 2.4 . He humbled himself , and became obedient unto death , even the death of the Cross. b Mat. 14.40 . As Ionas was three days and three nights in the Whales belly , so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth . Wherein consisteth Christs Exaltation ? c 1 Cor. 15.4 . And that he was buried , and that he rose again the third day , according to the Scriptures . d Mark 16.19 . So then , after the Lord had spoken unto them , he was received up into heaven , and sat on the right hand of God. e Act. 17.31 . He hath appointed a day in the which he will judg the world in righteousness , by that man whom he hath ordained , whereof he hath given assurance unto all men , in that he hath raised him from the dead . How are we made partakers of the Redemption purchased by Christ ? f Joh. 1.12 . As many as received him , to them gave he power to become the Sons of God. g Tit. 3.5 . Not by works of righteousness which we have done , but according to his mercy he saved us , by the washing of regeneration , and renewing of the Holy Ghost . Which he shed on us abundantly through Iesus Christ our Saviour . How doth the Spirit apply to us the Redemption purchased Christ ? h Eph. 9.8 . By grace ye are saved through faith , and that not of your selves , it is the gift of God. i Eph. 3.17 . That Christ may dwell in your hearts by saith . 1 Cor. 1.9 . God is faithful , by whom ye were called into the fellowship of his Son Iesus Christ. What is Effectual Calling ? k 2 Tim. 1.9 . Who hath saved us , and called us with an holy calling . l Act. 2.37 . Now when they heard this , they were pricked in their hearts , and said unto Peter , and to the rest of the Apostles , Men and brethren , what shall we do ? m Act. 26.18 . To open their eyes , and to turn them from darkness to light , and from the power of Satan unto God. n Ezek. 36.26 . I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh , and I will give you a heart of flesh . o Joh. 6.44 . No man can come unto me , except the Father which hath sent me , draw him . 45. Every man that hath heard , and hath learned of the Father , cometh unto me . What benefits do they , that are effectually called , partake of in this life ? p Rom. 8.30 . Moreover whom he did predestinate , them he also called ; and whom he called , them he also justified ; and whom he justified , them he also glorified . q Eph. 1.5 . Having predestinated us to the adoption of children by Iesus Christ unto himself . r 1 Cor. 1.30 . Of him ye are in Christ Iesus , who of God is made unto us wisdom and righteousness , and sanctification , and redemption . What is Iustification ? s Eph. 1.7 . In whom we have redemption through his blood , the forgiveness of sins , according to the riches of his grace . t 2 Cor. 5.21 . For he hath made him sin for us that knew no sin , that we might be made the righteousness of God in him . u Rom. 5.19 . As by one mans disobedience many were made sinners , so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous . w Gal. 2.16 . Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the Law , but by the faith of Iesus Christ , even we have believed in Iesus Christ , that we might be justified by the faith of Christ. What is Adoption ? x 1 Joh. 3.1 . Behold what manner of love the Father hath bestowed upon us , that we should be called the sons of God! y Joh. 1.12 . As many as received him , to them gave he power to become the sons of God , even to them that believe on his Name . Rom. 8.17 . And if children , then heirs , heirs of God , and joint-heirs with Christ. What is Sanctification ? z 2 Thes. 2.13 . God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation , through sanctification of the Spirit . a Eph. 4.24 . And that ye put on the new man , which after God is created in righteousness , and true holiness . b Rom. 8.1 . There is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus , who walk not after the flesh , but after the Spirit . What are the benefits which in this life do accompany or flow from Iustification , Adoption , and Sanctification ? c Rom. 5.1 . Being justified by Faith , we have peace with God through our Lord Iesus Christ. 2. By whom also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we stand , and rejoice in hope of the glory of God. 5. And hope mak●●● not ashamed , because the love of God is shed abroad in our hearts through the Holy Ghost which is given unto us . d Prov. 4.18 . The path of the just is as the shining light , that shineth more and more unto the perfect day . e 1 Joh. 5.13 . These things have I written unto you that believe on the Name of the Son of God , that ye may know that ye have eternal life . What benefits do Believers receive from Christ at their resurrection ? f Heb. 12.23 . And to the spirits of just men made perfect . g Phil. 1.23 . Having a desire to depart , and to be with Christ. h 1 Thes. 4.14 . Them also which sleep in Iesus , will God bring with him . i Isa. 52.7 . He shall enter into peace , they shall rest in their beds , each one walking in his uprightness . k Job 19.26 . And though after my skin , worms destroy this body , yet in my flesh shall I see God. What benefits do Believers receive from Christ at the Resurrection ? l 1 Cor. 15.43 . It is sown in dishonour , it is raised in glory . m Mat. 10.32 . Whosoever shall confess me before men , him will I also confess before my Father which is in Heaven . n 1 Joh. 3.2 . When he shall appear , we shall be like him , for we shall see him as he is . o 1 Thes. 4.17 . And so shall we ever be with the Lord. What is the duty which God requireth of man ? p Mic. 6.8 . He hath shewed thee , O man , what is good ; and what doth the Lord require of thee , but to do justly , and to love mercy , and to walk humbly with thy God. ? What did God at first reveal unto man for the rule of his obedience ? q Rom. 2.14 . For when the Gentiles which have not the the Law , do by nature the things contained in the Law ; these having not the Law , are a Law unto themselves . 15. Which shew the work of the Law written in their hearts . Where is the Moral Law summarily comprehended ? r Deut. 10.4 . And he wrote on the Tables according to the first writing , the Ten Commandments . Mat 19.17 . If thou wilt enter into life , keep the Commandments . What is the sum of the Ten Commandments ? s Mat. 22.37 . Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart , and with all thy soul , and with all thy mind . 38. This is the first and great Commandment . 39. And the second is like unto it , Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thy self . 40. On these two Commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets . What is the Preface to the Ten Commandments ? t Exod. 20.2 . What doth the Preface to the Ten Commandments teach us ? u Deut. 11.1 . Thou shalt love the Lord thy God , and keep his charge , and his statutes , and his judgments , and his Commandments alway . Luk. 1.74 . That we being delivered out of the hands of our enemies , might serve him without fear . 75. In holiness and righteousness before him , all the days of our lives . What is the first Commandment ? What is required in the first Commandment ? w 1 Chron. 28.9 . And thou Solomon my Son , Know thou the God of thy Father . x Deut. 26.16 . Thou hast avouched the Lord this day to be thy God , and to walk in his ways , and to keep his statutes , and his Commandments , and his judgments , and to hearken to his voice . y Mat. 4.10 . Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God , and him only shalt thou serve . What is forbidden in the first Commandment ? z Psal. 14.1 . The fool hath said in his heart there is no God. a Rom. 1.20 . So that they are without excuse . 21. Because that when they knew God , they glorified him not as God. b Psal. 81.11 . But my people would not hearken unto my voice , and Israel would none of me . c Rom. 1.25 . Who changed the truth of God into a lye , and worshipped and served the creatures more than the Creator , who is blessed for ever . What are we especially taught by these words [ before me ] in the first Commandment ? d Psal. 44.20 . If we have forgotten the name of our God , or stretched out our hands to a strange God. 21. Shall not God search out this ? What is the second Commandment ? What is required in the second Commandment ? e Deut. 32.46 . Set your hearts unto all the words which I testifie among you this day , which ye shall command your children to observe , to do all the words of this Law. Mat. 28.20 . Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you . f Deut. 12.32 . What thing soever I command you , observe to do it ; thou shalt not add thereto , nor diminish from it . What is forbidden in the second Commandment ? g Deut. 4.15 . Take ye therefore good heed unto your selves ; for ye saw no manner of similitude in the day that the Lord spoke unto you in Hor●● . 16. Lest you corrupt your selves , and make you a graven Image . h Col. 2.18 . Let no man beguile you of your reward in a voluntary humility , and worshipping of Angels , intruding into those things which he hath not seen , vainly puss't up by his fleshly mind . What are the Reasons annexed to the second Commandment ? i Psal. 95.2 . Let us come before his presence with thanksgiving , and make a joyful noise unto him with Psalms . 3. For the Lord is a great God , and a great King above all Gods. k Psal. 45.11 . He is thy Lord , and worship thou him . l Exod. 34.14 . Thou shalt worship no other God ; for the Lord whose name is jealous , is a jealous God. Which is the third Commandment ? What is required in the third Commandment ? m Psal. 92.2 . Give unto the Lord the glory due unto his Name . n Rev. 15.3 . Great and marvelous are thy works , Lord God Almighty , just and true are thy ways thou King of Saints . 4. Who shall not fear thee , O Lord , and glorifie thy Name ? o Eccles. 5.1 . Keep thy feet when thou goest to the house of God , and be more ready to hear , than to give the sacrifice of fools . p Psal. 38.2 . I will worship towards the holy Temple , and praise thy Name for thy loving-kindness , and for thy Truth 's for thou hast magnified thy Word above all thy Name . q Job 36.24 . Remember that thou magnifie his work which men behold . What is forbidden in the third Commandment ? r Mal. 2.2 . If ye will not hear , and if you will not lay it to heart , to give glory unto thy Name , saith the Lord of Hosts , I will even send a curse upon you . What is the reason annexed to the third Commandment ? s Deut. 28.58 . If thou wilt not observe to do all the words of this Law , that thou mayest fear this glorious and fearful Name , the Lord thy God. 59. Then the Lord will make thy plagues wonderful . Which is the fourth Commandment ? What is required in the fourth Commandment ? t Deut 19.30 . Ye shall keep my Sabbath , and reverence my Sanctuary . I am the Lord. Deut. 5.12 . Keep the Sabbath-day to sanctifie it , as the Lord thy God hath commanded thee . Which day of the seven hath God appointed to be the weekly Sabbath ? u Gen. 2.3 . And God blessed the seventh day , and sanctified it , because that in it he had rested from all his work , which God created and made . w Act. 20.7 . And upon the first day of the Week , when the Disciples came together to break bread , Paul preached unto them . Rev. 1.10 . I was in the Spirit upon the Lords day . How is the Sabbath to be sanctified ? x Lev. 23.3 . Six days shall work be done , but the seventh day is the Sabbath of rest , an holy convocation ; ye shall do no work therein . y Psal. 92.1 . A Psalm or Song for the Sabbath-day . It is a good thing to give thanks unto the Lord , and to sing praises unto thy Name , O most High. 2. To shew forth thy loving-kindness in the morning , and thy faithfulness every night . z Mat. 12.11 . What man shall there be among you , that shall have one sheep , and if it fall into a pit on the Sabbath-day , will not he lay hold on it , and list it out ? 12. How much then is a man better than a sheep ? wherefore it is lawful to do well on the Sabbath-day . What is forbidden in the fourth Commandment ? a Mal. 1.13 . Ye said also , behold what a weariness is it ? and ye have snuffed at it , saith the Lord of Hosts ; and ye brought that which was torn , and the lame , and the sick ; thus you brought an offering , should I accept this at your hands , saith the Lord ? b Ezek 23.38 . They have defiled my Sanctuary in the same day , and have profaned my Sabbaths . c Isa. 58.13 . If thou turn away thy foot from the Sabbath , from doing thy pleasure on my holy day ; and call the Sabbath a delight , the holy of the Lord , honourable , and shall honour him , not doing thine own ways , nor finding thine own pleasure , nor speaking thine own words . What are the Reasons annexed to the fourth Commandment ? d Exod. 31.15 . Six days may work be done , but in the seventh is the Sabbath of rest . 16. Wherefore the children of Israel shall keep the Sabbath . e Lev. 23.3 . Ye shall do no work therein , it is the Sabbath of the Lord in all your dwellings . f Exod. 31.17 . It is a sign between me and the children of Israel for ever ; for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth , and on the seventh day he rested and was refreshed . g Gen. 2.3 . And God blessed the seventh day , and sanctified it . Which is the fifth Commandment ? What is required in the fifth Commandment ? h Eph. 5.21 . Submitting your selves one to another in the fear of God. 22. Wives submit your selves unto your own Husbands , as unto the Lord. Eph. 6.1 . Children , obey your Parents in the Lord. 5. Servants , be obedient to them that are your Masters according to the flesh . Rom. 13.1 . Let every soul be subject to the higher powers . Eph 6.9 . And ye Masters do the same things unto them , knowing that your Master also is in heaven . k Rom. 12.10 . Be kindly affectioned one to another with brotherly love , in honour preferring one another . What is forbidden in the fifth Commandment ? l Rom. 13.7 . Render therefore to all their dues , tribute to whom tribute is due , custom to whom custom , fear to whom fear , honour to whom honour . 8. Owe no man any thing , but to love one another . What is the Reason annexed to the fifth Commandment ? m Eph. 6.2 . Honour thy Father and thy Mother ( which is the first Commandment with promise ) . 3. That it might be well with thee , and that thou mayest live long on the earth . Which is the sixth Commandment ? What is required in the sixth Commandment ? n Eph. 5.28 . So ought men to love their Wives , even as their own bodies . 29. For no man ever yet hated his own flesh , but nourisheth and cherisheth it . o Psal. 82.3 . Defend the poor and fatherless . 4. Deliver the poor and needy . Job . 9.13 ▪ The blessing of him that was ready to perish , came upon me . What is forbidden in the sixth Commandment ? p Act : 16.28 . Paul cried with a loud voice , saying , Do thy self no harm . q Gen. 9.6 . Whoso sheddeth mans blood , by man shall his blood be shed . r Prov. 24.11 . If thou forbear to deliver them that are drawn unto death , and those that are ready to be slain . 12. If thou sayest , Behold we know it not , doth not he that pondereth the heart , consider it ? Which is the seventh Commandment ? What is required in the seventh Commandment ? s 1 Thes. 4.4 . That every one of you should know how to possess his vessel in sanctification and honour . t Eph. 5.11 . And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness , but reprove them rather . 12. For it is a shame even to speak of those things which are done of them in secret . u 1 Tim. 2.22 . Flee also youthful lusts , but follow righteousness , faith , charity . w Col. 4.6 . Let your speech be alway with grace , seasoned with salt . x 1 Pet. 3.2 . While they behold your chast conversation with fear . What is forbidden in the seventh Commandment ? y Mat. 5.28 . Whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her , hath committed adultery with her already in his heart . z Eph. 5.4 . Neither filthiness , nor foolish talking , nor jesting , which are not convenient . a Eph. 5.3 . Fornication and all uncleanness , let it not be once named amongst you . Which is the eighth Commandment ? What is required in the eighth Commandment ? b Rom. 12.17 . Provide things honest in the sight of all men . Prov. 15.23 . Be thou diligent to know the state of thy flocks , and look well to thy herds . c Lev. 25.35 . If thy brother be waxen poor , and faln in decay with thee , then thou shalt relieve him . Phil. 2.4 . Look not every man on his own things , but every man also on the things of others . What is forbidden in the eighth Commandment ? d 1 Tim. 5.8 . If any provide not for his own , and especially for those of his own house , he hath denyed the faith , and is worse than an Infidel . Prov. 28.19 . He that followeth after vain persons , shall have poverty enough . e Prov. 21.6 . The getting of Treasures by a lying tongue , is a vanity tossed to and fro of them that seek death . Job 20.19 . Because he hath oppressed , and hath forsaken the poor : because he hath violently taken away a house which he builded not . 29. Surely he shall not feel quietness in his belly . Which is the ninth Commandment ? What is required in the ninth Commandment ▪ f Zech. 8.16 . Speak ye every man the truth to his neighbour . g 1 Pet. 3.16 . Having a good conscience , that whereas they speak evil of you , as of evil-doers , they may be ashamed that falsly accuse your good conversation in Christ. Act. 25.10 . Then Paul said , I stand at Cesars judgment seat ; to the Iews have I done no wrong . h 3 Joh. 12. Demetrius hath a good report of all men , and of the truth it self ; yea , and we also bear record . i Prov. 14.5 . A faithful witness will not lye . 25. A true witness delivereth souls . What is forbidden in the ninth Commandment ? k Rom. 3.13 . With their tongues they have used deceit . l Job 27.5 . God forbid that I should justifie you ; till I dye , I will not remove my integrity from me . m Psal. 15.3 . He that backbiteth not with his tongue , nor doth evil to his neighbour , nor taketh up a reproach against his neighbour . Which is the tenth Commandment ? What is required in the tenth Commandment ? n Heb. 13.5 . Let your conversation be without covetousness , and be content with such things as ye have : o Rom. 12.15 . Rejoice with them that do rejoice , and weep with them that weep . 1 Cor. 13.4 . Charity suffereth long , and is kind ; charity envieth not ; charity vaunteth not it self , is not passed up . 5. Doth not behave it self unseemly , seeketh not her own , is not easily provoked , thinketh no evil . 6. Rejoiceth not in iniquity , but rejoiceth in the truth ▪ What is forbidden in the tenth Commandment ? p 1 Cor. 10.10 . Neither murmur ye as some of them also murmured , and were destroyed of the destroyer . q Gal. 5.5 . Let us not be desirous of vain-glory , provoking one another , envying one another . r Col. 3.5 . Mortifie therefore your members which are upon the earth ; fornication , uncleanness , inordinate affection , evil concupiscence , and covetousness , which is Idolatry . Is any man able perfectly to keep the Commandments of God ? s Eccles. 7.20 . For there is not a just man upon earth , that doth good , and sinneth not . t Gen. 8.21 . The imagination of mans heart is evil from his youth . u Jam. 3.8 . The tongue can no man tame , it is an unruly evil , full of deadly poyson . w Jam. 3.2 . In many things we offend all . Are all the transgressions of the Law equally hainous ? x Joh. 19.11 . He that delivered me unto thee , hath the greater sin . What doth every sin deserve ? y Gal. 3.10 . Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things that are written in the book of the Law , to do them . Mat. 25.41 . Then shall he say unto them on the left hand , Depart from me ye cursed , into everlasting fire , prepared for the Devil and his Angels . What doth God require of us , that we may escape the wrath and curse due unto us for sin ? z Act. 20.21 . Testifying both to the Iews , and also to the Greeks , repentance towards God , and faith towards our Lord Iesus Christ. a Prov. 2.1 . My Son , if thou wilt receive my words , and hide my Commandment with thee . 2. So that thou incline thine ear unto wisdom , and apply thine heart to understanding . 3. Yea , if thou cryest after knowlèdg , and liftest up thy voice for understanding . 4. If thou seekest for her as silver , and searchest for her as for hid treasure . 5. Then shalt thou understand the fear of the Lord , and find the knowledg of God. What is faith in Iesus Christ ? b Heb. 10.39 . We are not of them who draw back unto perdition , but of them that believe , to the saving of the soul. c Joh. 1.12 . As many as received him , to them gave he power to become the Sons of God , even to them that believe on his name . d Phil. 3.9 . And be found in him , not having mine own righteousness , which is of the Law , but that which is through the faith of Christ , the righteousness which is of God by saith . e Isa. 33.22 . The Lord is our Iudg , the Lord is our Law-giver , the Lord is our King , he will save us . What is repentance unto life ? f Act. 11.18 . Then hath God also to the Gentiles granted ●epentance unto life . g Act. 2.37 . When they heard this , they were pricked in their hearts , and said unto Peter , and to the rest of the Apostles , Men and Brethren , what shall we do ? h Joel 2.13 . Rent your hearts , and not your garments , and turn unto the Lord your God , for he is gracious and merciful , slow to anger , and of great kindness , and repenteth him of the evil . i Jer. 31.18 . Turn thou me , and I shall be turned , for thou art the Lord my God. 19. Surely after I was turned , I repented ; and after that I was instructed , I smote upon my thigh , I was ashamed , yea , even confounded , because I did bear the reproach of my youth . k Psal. 119.59 . I thought on my ways , and turned my feet unto thy testimonies . What are the outward and ordinary means , whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of Redemption ? l Act. 2.41 . Then they that gladly received his word were baptized . 42. And they continued stedfastly in the Apostles doctrine and fellowship , and in breaking of bread , and in prayer . How is the Word made effectual to salvation ? m Psal. 19.7 . The Law of the Lord is perfect , converting the 〈◊〉 ; the testimony of the Lord is sure , making wise the simple . n 1 Thes. 1.6 . And ye become followers of us , and of the Lord , having received the word in much affliction , with joy of the Holy Ghost . o Rom. 1.16 . I am not ashamed of the Gospel of Christ , for it is the power of God unto salvation , to every one that believeth . How is the Word to be read and heard , that it may become effectual to salvation ? p Prov. 8.34 . Blessed is the man that heareth me , watching daily at my gates , waiting daily at the posts of my doors . q 1 Pet. 2.1 . Wherefore laying aside all malice , and all guile , and hypocrisies , and envies , and evil speakings . 2. As new born babes desire the sincere milk of the Word , that ye may grow thereby . r Psal. 119.18 . Open thou mine eyes , that I may see wonderful things out of thy Law. s Heb. 4.2 . The word preached did not profit them , being not mixed with faith in them that heard it . t 2 Thes. 2.10 . They received not the love of the truth , that they might be saved . u Psal. 119.11 . Thy Word have I hid in mine heart , that I might not sin against thee . w Jam. 1.25 . But whoso looketh into the perfect Law of liberty , and continueth therein , he being not a forgetful hearer , but a doer of the work , this man shall be blessed in his deed . How do the Sacraments become effectual means of salvation ? x 1 Cor. 3.7 . So then neither is he that planteth any thing , neither he that watereth , but God that giveth the increase . y 1 Pet. 3.21 . The like figure whereunto , euen Baptism , doth also now save us ( not the putting away the filth of the flesh , but the answer of a good conscience towards God ) by the resurrection of Iesus Christ. What is a Sacrament ? z Gen. 17.10 . This is my Covenant which ye shall keep between me and you , and thy seed after thee , Every man-child among you shall be circumcised . a Rom. 4.11 . And he received the sign of Circumcision , a seal of the righteousness of the Faith , which he had yet being uncircumcised . What are the Sacraments of the new Testament ? b Mark 16.16 . He that believeth , and is baptized , shall be saved . c 1 Cor. 11.23 . For I have received of the Lord , that which I also delivered unto you , that the Lord Iesus in the same night in the which he was betrayed , took bread , &c. What is Baptism ? d Mat. 28.19 . Go ye therefore and teach all Nations , baptizing them in the Name of the Father , and of the Son , and of the Holy Ghost . e Rom. 6.3 . Know ye not , that so many of us as were baptized unto Iesus Christ , were baptized into his death . f Rom. 6.4 . Therefore we are buried with him by Baptism into death , that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father , even so also we should walk in newness of life . To whom is Baptism to be administred ? g Act. 2.41 . Then they that gladly received his word , were baptized . h Gen. 17.7 . And I will establish my Covenant between me and thee , and thy seed after thee , in their generations , for an everlasting Covenant , to be a God unto thee , and to thy seed after thee . 10. This is my Covenant which ye shall keep , between me and you , and thy seed after thee , Every man-child among you shall be circumcised . Act. 2.38 . And Peter said unto them , Repent and be baptized every one of you , in the name of Iesus Christ , for remission of sins , and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost . 39. For the promise is to you , and to your Children , and to all that an afar off , even as many as the Lord our God shall call . What is the Lords Supper ? i Luk. 22.19 . And he took Bread , and gave thanks , and brake it , and gave unto them , saying , this is my body which is given for you , this do in remembrance of me . 20. Likewise also the Cup after Supper , saying , This Cup is the New Testament in my blood , which is shed for you ▪ k 1 Cor. 10.16 . The Cup of blessing which we bless , is it not the Communion of the blood of Christ ? The Bread which we break , is it not the Communion of the body of Christ ? What is required in the worthy receiving of the Lords Supper ? l 1 Cor. 11.28 . But let a man examine himself , and so let him eat of this Bread , and drink of this Cup. 29. For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily , eateth and drinketh damnation to himself , not discerning the Lords body . m 2 Cor. 13.5 . Examine your selves whether ye be in the Faith. n 1 Cor. 11.31 . If we would judg our selves , we should not be judged . o 1 Cor. 11.18 . When you come together in the Church , I hear there be divisions among you . 20. When ye come together therefore in one place , this is not to eat the Lords Supper . p 1 Cor. 5.8 . Therefore let us keep the feast , not with old leuen , neither with the leven of malice and wickedness , but with the unlevened bread of sincerity and truth . q 1 Cor. 11.27 . Wherefore , whosoever shall eat this bread , and drink this Cup of the Lord unworthily , shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. What is Prayer ? r Psal. 62.8 . Trust in him at all times , ye people ; pour out your hearts before him , God is a refuge for us . s Rom. 8.27 . And he that searcheth the hearts , knoweth the mind of the Spirit , because he maketh intercession for the Saints , according to the will of God. t Joh. 16.23 . Whatsoever ye shall ask the Father in my Name , he will give it you . u Dan. 9.4 . And I prayed unto the Lord my God , and made my confession . w Phil. 4.6 . Be careful in nothing , but for every thing , by prayer and supplication , with thanksgiving , let your requests be made known to God. What Rule hath God given us , for our Direction in Prayer ? x 1 Joh. 5.14 . And this is the considence that we have in him , that if we ask any thing according to his will , he heareth us . y Mat. 9.6 . After this manner therefore pray ye ; Our Father which art in Heaven , Hallowed be thy Name , &c. What doth the Preface of the Lords Prayer teach us ? z Isa. 64.9 . Be not wrath very sore , O Lord , neither remember iniquity for ever ; behold , see we beseech thee , we are all thy people . a Rom. 8.15 . For ye have not received the spirit of bondage again to fear , but ye have received the spirit of adoption , whereby we cry , Abba Father . b Luk. 11.13 . If ye then being evil , know how to give good gifts unto your children , how much more shall your heauenly Father give the holy Spirit to them that ask him ? c Eph. 6.18 . Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit , and watching thereunto with all perseverance and supplication for all Saints . What do we pray for in the first Petition ? d Psal. 67.1 . God be merciful unto us , and bless us , and cause his face to shine upon us . 2. That thy way may be known upon the earth , and thy saving health among all Nations . 3. Let the people praise thee , O God , let all the people praise thee . e Rom. 11.36 . For of him , and through him , and to him are all things , to him be glory for ever . Amen . What do we pray for in the second Petition ? f Psal. 68.1 . Let God arise , and let his enemies be scattered ; let them also that hate him , flee before him . g Psal. 51.18 . Do good in thy good pleasure unto Sion ; build thou the walls of Ierusalem . h 2 Thes. 3.1 . Finally Brethren , pray for us , that the word of the Lord may have free course , and be glorified , even as it is with you . Rom. 10.1 . Brethren , my hearts desire and prayer to God for Israel is , that they might be saved . i Rev. 22.20 . He which testifieth these things , saith , Surely I come quickly , Amen . Even so come Lord Iesus . What do we pray for in the third Petition ? m Psal. 119.34 . Give me understanding , and I shall keep thy Law , yea , I will observe it with my whole heart . 35. Make me to go in the path of thy Commandments , for therein do I delight . 36. Incline my heart unto thy testimonies . l Act. 21.14 . And when he would not be perswaded , we ceased , saying , The will of the Lord be done . m Psal. 103.20 . Bless the Lord ye his Angels , which excel in strength , that do his Commandments , hearkening unto the voice of his Word . 22. Bless the Lord all his works , in all places of his Dominion . Bless the Lord , O my soul. What do we pray for in the fourth Petition ? n Prov. 30.8 . Remove far from me vanity , and lies ; give me neither poverty nor riches , feed me with food convenient for me . o Psal. 90.17 . And let the beauty of the Lord our God be upon us , and establish thou the work of our hands upon us , yea the work of our hands establish thou it . What do we pray for in the fifth Petition ? p Psal. 51.1 . Have mercy upon me , O God , according to thy loving-kindness , according to the multitude of thy tender mercies , blot out my transgressions . q Mat. 6.14 For if ye forgive men their trespasses , your heavenly Father will also forgive you . What do we pray for in the sixth Petition ? r Mat. 26.41 . Watch and pray , that ye enter not into temptation . Psal. 19.13 . Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins , let them not have dominion over me . s Psal. 51.10 . Create in me a clean heart , O God , and renew a right spirit within me . 12. Restore unto me joy of thy salvation , and uphold me with thy free Spirit . What doth the Conclusion of the Lords Prayer teach us ? t Dan. 9.18 . We do not present our supplications before thee for our righteousness , but for thy great mercies . 19. O Lord , hear ; O Lord , forgive ; O Lord , hearken and do , defer not for thine own sake , O my God. u 1 Chron. 29.11 . Thine , O Lord , is the greatness , and the power , and the glory , and the victory , and the Majesty ; for all that is in the Heaven , and in the Earth , is thine . 13. Now therefore our God , we thank thee , and praise thy glorious Name . w Rev. 22.20 . Amen , Even so come Lord Iesus .