Horological dialogves in three parts shewing the nature, use, and right managing of clocks and watches : with an appendix containing Mr. Ovghtred's method for calculating of numbers : the whole being a work very necessary for all that make use of these kind of movements / by J. S. ...
         Smith, John, fl. 1673-1680.
      
       
         
           1675
        
      
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             Horological dialogves in three parts shewing the nature, use, and right managing of clocks and watches : with an appendix containing Mr. Ovghtred's method for calculating of numbers : the whole being a work very necessary for all that make use of these kind of movements / by J. S. ...
             Smith, John, fl. 1673-1680.
             Oughtred, William, 1575-1660. Appendix wherein is contained a method of calculating all numbers for watches.
          
           [16], 120 p.
           
             Printed for Jonathan Edwin ...,
             London :
             1675.
          
           
             "An appendix" has special t.p.
             Reproduction of original in Cambridge University Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Horology -- Early works to 1800.
           Time measurements.
        
      
    
     
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               HOROLOGICAL
               DIALOGVES
               .
               In
               Three
               Parts
               .
               SHEWING
               The
               Nature
               ,
               Use
               ,
               and
               right
               Managing
               of
               CLOCKS
               AND
               WATCHES
               :
               WITH
               AN
               APPENDIX
               Containing
               Mr.
               
               OVGHTRED's
               Method
               for
               Calculating
               of
               Numbers
               .
               The
               whole
               being
               a
               work
               very
               necessary
               for
               all
               that
               make
               use
               of
               these
               kind
               of
               Movements
               .
               By
               
                 J.
                 S.
              
               Clock-maker
               .
            
             
               London
               ,
               Printed
               for
               
                 Jonathan
                 Edwin
              
               at
               the
               Three
               Roses
               in
               Ludgate-street
               ,
               1675.
               
            
          
           
             
             
             
               TO
               THE
               READER
               .
            
             
               CLocks
               being
               things
               in
               themselves
               so
               useful
               and
               excellent
               ,
               that
               no
               production
               of
               Art
               whatsoever
               doth
               surpass
               them
               (
               especially
               those
               that
               are
               truly
               and
               well
               made
               )
               yet
               are
               extraordinarily
               subject
               to
               give
               
               dissatisfaction
               to
               those
               that
               own
               them
               ,
               which
               happeneth
               from
               two
               Causes
               ;
               the
               one
               from
               the
               Workman's
               unskilfulness
               and
               unfaithfulness
               in
               making
               them
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               is
               from
               the
               Owner's
               unskilfulness
               in
               keeping
               and
               managing
               them
               .
               To
               remove
               the
               latter
               of
               these
               Causes
               hath
               engaged
               me
               to
               endeavour
               (
               in
               the
               following
               Tract
               )
               to
               reveal
               (
               to
               th●se
               that
               are
               ignorant
               )
               some
               of
               those
               secrets
               that
               are
               necessary
               to
               be
               known
               by
               those
               that
               would
               rightly
               
               manage
               them
               :
               in
               doing
               which
               ,
               I
               have
               been
               as
               plain
               as
               possible
               ,
               considering
               the
               brevity
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               I
               doubt
               not
               but
               it
               will
               give
               sufficient
               light
               to
               any
               understanding
               man
               whatsoever
               ,
               and
               though
               it
               come
               forth
               into
               the
               world
               but
               in
               a
               plain
               Country
               dress
               ,
               yet
               I
               can
               assure
               you
               it
               hath
               a
               good
               design
               ,
               and
               will
               deliver
               those
               things
               that
               are
               of
               use
               and
               profit
               to
               all
               that
               have
               occasion
               to
               make
               use
               of
               it
               ,
               from
               whom
               I
               hope
               to
               gain
               a
               
               friendly
               acceptance
               ,
               which
               if
               I
               find
               sufficient
               for
               further
               encouragement
               ,
               then
               this
               shall
               not
               be
               the
               last
               of
               my
               endeavours
               to
               serve
               you
               ,
            
             
               
                 J.
                 S.
                 
              
            
          
           
             
             
               A
               TABLE
               Of
               the
               Contents
               OF
               THE
               Several
               PARTS
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Part
                 I.
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       Dialogue
                       1.
                       
                    
                     THe
                     definition
                     of
                     Clocks
                     :
                     the
                     reason
                     of
                     their
                     several
                     distinctions
                     ,
                     with
                     an
                     account
                     of
                     the
                     most
                     common
                     kinds
                     now
                     in
                     use
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       
                       Dialogue
                       2.
                       
                    
                     The
                     manner
                     how
                     all
                     Clocks
                     naturally
                     perform
                     their
                     offices
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Dialogue
                       3.
                       
                    
                     Wherein
                     the
                     go●dness
                     and
                     excellence
                     of
                     a
                     Clock
                     chiefly
                     consists
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Dialogue
                       4.
                       
                    
                     Of
                     the
                     several
                     conclusions
                     that
                     have
                     been
                     ,
                     are
                     ,
                     and
                     may
                     be
                     ,
                     wrought
                     by
                     the
                     motion
                     of
                     Clock-work
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Dialogue
                       5.
                       
                    
                     Some
                     few
                     Rules
                     how
                     a
                     man
                     may
                     furnish
                     himself
                     with
                     either
                     Clocks
                     for
                     Watches
                     that
                     are
                     really
                     good
                     and
                     substantial
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       
                       Dialogue
                       6.
                       
                    
                     The
                     way
                     and
                     manner
                     of
                     packing
                     up
                     and
                     conveying
                     all
                     manner
                     of
                     Clo●ks
                     from
                     one
                     place
                     to
                     another
                     ,
                     as
                     occasion
                     shall
                     require
                     ;
                     as
                     also
                     rules
                     to
                     be
                     observed
                     in
                     setting
                     them
                     up
                     ,
                     and
                     fixing
                     them
                     in
                     the
                     places
                     they
                     are
                     designed
                     to
                     stand
                     in
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 Of
                 Part
                 II.
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       Dialogue
                       1.
                       
                    
                     OF
                     Pocket
                     Watche
                     ,
                     Watch
                     and
                     Larrums
                     ,
                     and
                     Clocks
                     ;
                     their
                     use
                     ,
                     right
                     ▪
                     managing
                     ,
                     and
                     true
                     adjusting
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       
                       Dialogue
                       2
                       ,
                    
                     Of
                     ordinary
                     Domestick
                     ballance
                     Watches
                     ,
                     Watch
                     and
                     Larrums
                     ,
                     and
                     Clocks
                     ;
                     their
                     use
                     ,
                     right
                     managing
                     ,
                     and
                     true
                     adjusting
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Dialogue
                       3.
                       
                    
                     Of
                     Pendulum
                     Clocks
                     ,
                     their
                     use
                     ,
                     right
                     managing
                     ,
                     and
                     true
                     adjusting
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Dialogue
                       4.
                       
                    
                     Of
                     quarter
                     ,
                     repeating
                     ,
                     and
                     Chime
                     Clocks
                     ,
                     their
                     use
                     and
                     management
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Dialogue
                       5.
                       
                    
                     Certain
                     cases
                     to
                     be
                     observed
                     in
                     all
                     Clocks
                     generally
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                 Of
                 Part
                 III.
                 
                 
                   
                     
                       Dialogue
                       1.
                       
                    
                     OF
                     the
                     inequality
                     of
                     time
                     in
                     respect
                     of
                     artificial
                     motions
                     ,
                     the
                     nature
                     of
                     it
                     ;
                     their
                     time●
                     of
                     erring
                     and
                     quantity
                     of
                     their
                     error
                     ;
                     from
                     whence
                     several
                     Conclusions
                     are
                     drawn
                     in
                     reference
                     to
                     Clocks
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Dialogue
                       2.
                       
                    
                     Of
                     refractions
                     what
                     it
                     is
                     ,
                     and
                     when
                     it
                     happeneth
                     ,
                     with
                     several
                     Conclusions
                     drawn
                     from
                     it
                     in
                     reference
                     to
                     Clocks
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       Dialogue
                       3.
                       
                    
                     Of
                     the
                     spring
                     ,
                     its
                     definition
                     ,
                     nature
                     ,
                     and
                     defects
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     effects
                     thereof
                     in
                     Clocks
                     and
                     Watches
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Dialogue
                       4.
                       
                    
                     Some
                     Enquiries
                     into
                     the
                     Nature
                     of
                     the
                     Pendulum
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     method
                     of
                     finding
                     their
                     several
                     lengths
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       Dialogue
                       5.
                       
                    
                     Of
                     the
                     Clock-bell
                     ,
                     the
                     cause
                     of
                     its
                     sounding
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     nature
                     thereof
                     ,
                     proved
                     by
                     reason
                     and
                     experience
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                 In
                 the
                 Appendix
                 .
                 
                   
                     
                       I.
                       
                    
                     OF
                     Movements
                     or
                     Automata
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       II.
                       
                    
                     Of
                     finding
                     out
                     fit
                     numbers
                     for
                     the
                     wheels
                     and
                     pinions
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       III.
                       
                    
                     Of
                     effecting
                     particular
                     motions
                     required
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       IV.
                       
                    
                     A
                     motion
                     to
                     shew
                     the
                     age
                     of
                     the
                     Moon
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                     
                       V.
                       
                    
                     A
                     Motion
                     to
                     shew
                     the
                     day
                     of
                     the
                     year
                     ,
                     or
                     the
                     degree
                     of
                     the
                     Sun
                     in
                     the
                     Ecliptick
                     ,
                     or
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     the
                     Suns
                     rising
                     or
                     setting
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                  
                   
                     
                       VI.
                       
                    
                     To
                     shew
                     the
                     hour
                     of
                     full
                     tide
                     in
                     any
                     Port.
                     
                  
                
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
               
               
                 HOROLOGICAL
                 DIALOGVES
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 First
                 Part.
                 
              
               
                 
                   DIALOGVE
                   1.
                   
                   The
                   definition
                   of
                   Clocks
                   :
                   the
                   reason
                   of
                   their
                   Several
                   distinctions
                   ,
                   with
                   an
                   account
                   of
                   the
                   most
                   common
                   kinds
                   now
                   in
                   use
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Chi
                     
                  
                   
                     BEing
                     desirous
                     to
                     furnish
                     my self
                     with
                     sufficient
                     knowledg
                     in
                     things
                     of
                     either
                     use
                     or
                     profit
                     to
                     man
                     ,
                     I
                     considered
                     the
                     safest
                     Inquiry
                     would
                     be
                     of
                     persons
                     whose
                     knowledge
                     was
                     compleat
                     in
                     those
                     things
                     which
                     I
                     purposed
                     to
                     inquire
                     after
                     ,
                     to
                     which
                     end
                     ,
                     being
                     desirous
                     ,
                     among
                     other
                     things
                     ,
                     to
                     understand
                     as
                     much
                     of
                     the
                     nature
                     ,
                     use
                     ,
                     and
                     right
                     managing
                     of
                     Clocks
                     as
                     was
                     possible
                     for
                     one
                     that
                     was
                     not
                     a
                     workman
                     ,
                     
                     in
                     that
                     kind
                     ,
                     I
                     thought
                     it
                     best
                     to
                     apply
                     my self
                     to
                     you
                     ;
                     who
                     ,
                     being
                     an
                     able
                     Artist
                     in
                     that
                     profession
                     ,
                     may
                     therefore
                     be
                     the
                     more
                     likely
                     to
                     satisfie
                     my
                     curiosity
                     in
                     this
                     particular
                     ,
                     provided
                     you
                     are
                     as
                     willing
                     ,
                     as
                     God
                     and
                     education
                     hath
                     made
                     you
                     able
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Articus
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Sir
                     ,
                     the
                     most
                     noble
                     and
                     ingenious
                     productions
                     of
                     Nature
                     and
                     Art
                     (
                     I
                     have
                     observed
                     )
                     are
                     alwaies
                     of
                     more
                     value
                     and
                     esteem
                     among
                     men
                     ,
                     when
                     their
                     vertues
                     and
                     qualities
                     are
                     throughly
                     understood
                     and
                     truly
                     discovered
                     ,
                     then
                     they
                     are
                     so
                     long
                     as
                     the
                     same
                     lyeth
                     hidden
                     and
                     concealed
                     ;
                     which
                     Consideration
                     is
                     to
                     me
                     a
                     sufficient
                     motive
                     to
                     ingage
                     my self
                     to
                     serve
                     you
                     in
                     this
                     your
                     request
                     as
                     far
                     as
                     my
                     weak
                     capacity
                     will
                     permit
                     me
                     ,
                     especially
                     in
                     those
                     things
                     that
                     are
                     absolutely
                     necessary
                     to
                     be
                     known
                     by
                     those
                     that
                     intend
                     to
                     make
                     use
                     of
                     any
                     sort
                     of
                     Clocks
                     whatsoever
                     ,
                     hoping
                     thereby
                     to
                     whet
                     the
                     edge
                     of
                     your
                     esteem
                     of
                     so
                     ingenious
                     an
                     art
                     .
                     Propound
                     therefore
                     those
                     things
                     you
                     would
                     be
                     satisfied
                     in
                     and
                     I
                     shall
                     indeavour
                     to
                     give
                     you
                     an
                     answer
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chiv.
                     
                  
                   
                     In
                     the
                     first
                     place
                     let
                     me
                     understand
                     
                     what
                     you
                     define
                     a
                     Clock
                     to
                     be
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     A
                     Clock
                     is
                     a
                     certain
                     instrument
                     invented
                     and
                     contrived
                     ,
                     to
                     give
                     the
                     true
                     hour
                     ,
                     either
                     of
                     the
                     day
                     or
                     night
                     ,
                     (
                     by
                     the
                     Circuler
                     moving
                     or
                     certain
                     wheels
                     and
                     pinions
                     artificially
                     disposed
                     within
                     the
                     Body
                     of
                     the
                     Instrument
                     )
                     without
                     the
                     help
                     of
                     either
                     Sun
                     ,
                     Moon
                     ,
                     or
                     Stars
                     ,
                     or
                     any
                     other
                     of
                     those
                     elemental
                     assistances
                     ,
                     which
                     the
                     Antients
                     did
                     in
                     former
                     ages
                     make
                     use
                     of
                     to
                     divide
                     their
                     time
                     by
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chiv.
                     
                  
                   
                     Are
                     Clocks
                     more
                     useful
                     for
                     finding
                     the
                     hour
                     ,
                     then
                     any
                     other
                     Instrument
                     heretofore
                     made
                     use
                     of
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     Clocks
                     in
                     that
                     perfection
                     ,
                     in
                     which
                     this
                     age
                     enjoys
                     them
                     ,
                     excel
                     all
                     other
                     instruments
                     in
                     its
                     officiousness
                     at
                     all
                     times
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     all
                     places
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     in
                     the
                     nights
                     ,
                     as
                     in
                     the
                     day
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     in
                     cloudy
                     skies
                     as
                     in
                     clear
                     weather
                     ,
                     as
                     well
                     in
                     close
                     roomes
                     as
                     in
                     the
                     open
                     Air
                     ,
                     which
                     no
                     other
                     Horological
                     Instrument
                     besides
                     this
                     is
                     able
                     to
                     perform
                     ,
                     many
                     being
                     defective
                     ,
                     where
                     the
                     Sun
                     giveth
                     a
                     perpendicular
                     shaddow
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     cloudy
                     weather
                     ,
                     in
                     close
                     roomes
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     the
                     night
                     ,
                     most
                     are
                     likewise
                     of
                     no
                     
                     use
                     ;
                     whereas
                     on
                     the
                     contrary
                     ,
                     let
                     the
                     time
                     be
                     when
                     it
                     will
                     ,
                     the
                     weather
                     what
                     it
                     will
                     ,
                     or
                     the
                     place
                     where
                     it
                     will
                     ,
                     all
                     is
                     one
                     to
                     a
                     Clock
                     ,
                     it
                     shall
                     give
                     the
                     time
                     as
                     certain
                     in
                     one
                     as
                     in
                     another
                     ,
                     provided
                     it
                     be
                     in
                     perfect
                     order
                     ,
                     and
                     well
                     adjusted
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chiv.
                     
                  
                   
                     From
                     whence
                     are
                     all
                     those
                     various
                     names
                     ,
                     and
                     denominations
                     of
                     Clocks
                     derived
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     They
                     are
                     derived
                     ,
                     first
                     ,
                     from
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     principal
                     and
                     prime
                     cause
                     of
                     their
                     motion
                     ,
                     being
                     either
                     weight
                     or
                     Spring
                     .
                  
                   
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     from
                     that
                     ,
                     which
                     retards
                     and
                     regulates
                     the
                     violent
                     motion
                     of
                     the
                     wheels
                     ,
                     being
                     either
                     ,
                     ballance
                     or
                     pendulum
                     .
                  
                   
                     Thirdly
                     ,
                     from
                     the
                     time
                     they
                     continue
                     in
                     motion
                     at
                     once
                     winding
                     up
                     ,
                     some
                     going
                     16
                     houres
                     ,
                     some
                     30
                     hours
                     ,
                     some
                     8
                     days
                     ,
                     some
                     5
                     weeks
                     ,
                     some
                     3
                     moneths
                     ,
                     some
                     6
                     moneths
                     ,
                     and
                     some
                     a
                     year
                     .
                  
                   
                     Fourthly
                     ,
                     from
                     the
                     offices
                     which
                     they
                     perform
                     ,
                     some
                     giving
                     the
                     hour
                     onely
                     by
                     the
                     pointing
                     of
                     the
                     needle
                     ,
                     others
                     express
                     
                     the
                     same
                     by
                     the
                     sound
                     of
                     a
                     bell
                     .
                     Some
                     strike
                     quarters
                     ,
                     some
                     repeat
                     the
                     hour
                     ,
                     and
                     some
                     chime
                     tunes
                     .
                  
                   
                     So
                     that
                     from
                     the
                     permiscuous
                     intermixtures
                     ,
                     of
                     these
                     four
                     foregoing
                     heads
                     ,
                     are
                     derived
                     all
                     these
                     various
                     and
                     manifold
                     distinctions
                     ,
                     and
                     denominations
                     ,
                     under
                     which
                     they
                     have
                     been
                     exhibited
                     unto
                     the
                     world
                     ,
                     of
                     which
                     be
                     pleased
                     in
                     the
                     following
                     Scheam
                     to
                     take
                     a
                     view
                     of
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       
                         A
                         Scheam
                         of
                         the
                         names
                         and
                         titles
                         of
                         Clocks
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           1.
                           
                        
                         
                           Spring
                        
                         
                           Ballance
                        
                         
                           Watches
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Weight
                        
                         
                           Pendulum
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           2.
                           
                        
                         
                           Spring
                        
                         
                           Ballance
                        
                         
                           Watch
                           and
                           Larrums
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Weight
                        
                         
                           Pendulum
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           3.
                           
                        
                         
                           Spring
                        
                         
                           Ballance
                        
                         
                           Clocks
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Weight
                        
                         
                           Pendulum
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           
                           4.
                           
                        
                         
                           Spring
                        
                         
                           Ballance
                        
                         
                           Quarter
                           Clocks
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Weight
                        
                         
                           Pendulum
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           5.
                           
                        
                         
                           Spring
                        
                         
                           Ballance
                        
                         
                           Repeating
                           Clocks
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Weight
                        
                         
                           Pendulum
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           6.
                           
                        
                         
                           Spring
                        
                         
                           Ballance
                        
                         
                           Quarter
                           Repeating
                           Clocks
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Weight
                        
                         
                           Pendulum
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           7.
                           
                        
                         
                           Spring
                        
                         
                           Ballance
                        
                         
                           Chime
                           Clocks
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Weight
                        
                         
                           Pendulum
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           8.
                           
                        
                         
                           Spring
                        
                         
                           Ballance
                        
                         
                           Quarter
                           chime
                           Clocks
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Weight
                        
                         
                           Pendulum
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           9
                           :
                        
                         
                           Spring
                        
                         
                           Ballance
                        
                         
                           Repeating
                           Chime
                           Clocks
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Weight
                        
                         
                           Pendulum
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           10.
                           
                        
                         
                           Spring
                        
                         
                           Ballance
                        
                         
                           Quart.
                           Repeating
                           Ch.
                           Clock
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Weight
                        
                         
                           Pendulum
                        
                      
                    
                  
                   
                   
                     To
                     all
                     which
                     ,
                     if
                     you
                     adde
                     that
                     space
                     of
                     time
                     ,
                     they
                     continue
                     in
                     motion
                     at
                     once
                     winding
                     up
                     ,
                     you
                     have
                     the
                     names
                     of
                     40.
                     
                     Of
                     the
                     chief
                     and
                     most
                     common
                     kinds
                     now
                     in
                     use
                     among
                     us
                     ,
                     the
                     reason
                     why
                     I
                     have
                     omited
                     the
                     mentioning
                     of
                     some
                     which
                     have
                     been
                     formerly
                     ,
                     and
                     are
                     still
                     made
                     use
                     of
                     ,
                     which
                     differ
                     from
                     these
                     aforementioned
                     both
                     in
                     name
                     and
                     nature
                     ,
                     is
                     ,
                     because
                     they
                     are
                     but
                     the
                     productions
                     of
                     meet
                     whimseys
                     ,
                     not
                     at
                     all
                     answering
                     the
                     expectations
                     of
                     those
                     that
                     composed
                     them
                     ,
                     or
                     have
                     made
                     use
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     upon
                     which
                     account
                     t
                     is
                     Judged
                     ,
                     their
                     memory
                     may
                     perish
                     with
                     their
                     dissolution
                     ,
                     for
                     want
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     kind
                     to
                     succeed
                     them
                     ,
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     decayed
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     since
                     there
                     is
                     uo
                     likelyhood
                     ,
                     of
                     their
                     being
                     much
                     or
                     long
                     in
                     use
                     ,
                     I
                     have
                     forborn
                     to
                     speak
                     any
                     thing
                     of
                     them
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   DIALOGVE
                   II.
                   The
                   manner
                   how
                   all
                   Clocks
                   naturally
                   perform
                   their
                   Offices
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     BY
                     what
                     you
                     have
                     delivered
                     in
                     the
                     foregoing
                     discourse
                     ,
                     among
                     other
                     particulars
                     therein
                     mentioned
                     ,
                     I
                     find
                     that
                     Clocks
                     perform
                     their
                     offices
                     by
                     wheel-work
                     ,
                     but
                     in
                     what
                     manner
                     they
                     move
                     ,
                     or
                     act
                     ,
                     I
                     am
                     still
                     ignorant
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     would
                     be
                     gladly
                     informed
                     somewhat
                     thereof
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     All
                     Clocks
                     ,
                     consist
                     of
                     one
                     or
                     more
                     parts
                     ,
                     or
                     sets
                     of
                     wheels
                     and
                     pinions
                     ,
                     (
                     a
                     set
                     consisting
                     commonly
                     ,
                     of
                     so
                     many
                     wheels
                     and
                     pinions
                     ,
                     as
                     are
                     moved
                     by
                     the
                     draught
                     ,
                     or
                     poysute
                     ,
                     of
                     one
                     Weight
                     or
                     Spring
                     .
                     )
                     Of
                     those
                     that
                     consist
                     but
                     of
                     one
                     part
                     ,
                     or
                     set
                     of
                     wheels
                     ,
                     are
                     pocket
                     Watches
                     ,
                     and
                     all
                     other
                     moments
                     of
                     what
                     form
                     or
                     fashion
                     soever
                     ,
                     that
                     strike
                     not
                     on
                     a
                     Bell
                     ;
                     these
                     having
                     
                     their
                     Wheels
                     and
                     pinions
                     differently
                     indented
                     in
                     their
                     perypheris
                     (
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     judgment
                     of
                     him
                     that
                     composeth
                     it
                     .
                     )
                     do
                     by
                     vertue
                     received
                     from
                     either
                     Weights
                     or
                     Springs
                     ,
                     successively
                     move
                     each
                     other
                     in
                     a
                     circular
                     manner
                     ,
                     having
                     the
                     rapidity
                     of
                     their
                     motion
                     ,
                     so
                     retarded
                     and
                     regulated
                     ,
                     by
                     either
                     Ballance
                     or
                     Pendulum
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     needle
                     ,
                     who
                     also
                     is
                     moved
                     with
                     the
                     rest
                     of
                     the
                     work
                     performs
                     its
                     revolution
                     in
                     twelve
                     hours
                     (
                     or
                     parts
                     of
                     time
                     )
                     thereby
                     dividing
                     at
                     twice
                     going
                     round
                     ,
                     the
                     day
                     and
                     night
                     into
                     twenty
                     four
                     equal
                     parts
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     commonly
                     expressed
                     by
                     the
                     pointing
                     of
                     the
                     needle
                     to
                     a
                     Circle
                     equally
                     divided
                     into
                     twelve
                     parts
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     called
                     hours
                     ,
                     whereunto
                     are
                     annexed
                     figures
                     ,
                     sufficient
                     to
                     distinguish
                     the
                     successive
                     divisions
                     thereof
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     by
                     the
                     pointing
                     of
                     the
                     needle
                     ,
                     to
                     any
                     of
                     those
                     divisions
                     ,
                     or
                     their
                     intermediate
                     parts
                     ,
                     you
                     have
                     the
                     true
                     hour
                     given
                     ,
                     whensoever
                     you
                     make
                     inspection
                     thereon
                     .
                  
                   
                     Those
                     that
                     consist
                     of
                     more
                     sets
                     of
                     Wheels
                     then
                     one
                     ,
                     are
                     all
                     those
                     movements
                     
                     that
                     strike
                     on
                     bells
                     ,
                     of
                     which
                     the
                     Clock
                     is
                     one
                     ,
                     being
                     composed
                     of
                     two
                     parts
                     ,
                     a
                     watch
                     part
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     striking
                     part
                     ,
                     the
                     watch
                     being
                     the
                     same
                     as
                     was
                     spoken
                     of
                     before
                     ,
                     I
                     shall
                     pass
                     here
                     :
                     as
                     for
                     the
                     strikeing
                     part
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     that
                     whereby
                     the
                     Clock
                     is
                     made
                     by
                     art
                     to
                     give
                     intelligence
                     of
                     its
                     divisions
                     of
                     time
                     ,
                     by
                     strikeing
                     several
                     successive
                     blows
                     on
                     a
                     bell
                     ,
                     sufficient
                     to
                     express
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     hours
                     ,
                     that
                     have
                     passed
                     ,
                     since
                     the
                     last
                     meridian
                     altitude
                     ,
                     or
                     depression
                     of
                     the
                     Sun
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     thus
                     performed
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     wheels
                     contained
                     in
                     the
                     striking
                     part
                     being
                     at
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     every
                     hour
                     unlocked
                     by
                     certain
                     detents
                     for
                     that
                     purpose
                     appointed
                     ,
                     continue
                     the
                     rapidity
                     of
                     their
                     motion
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     cause
                     of
                     the
                     hammers
                     striking
                     until
                     the
                     locking
                     detent
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     appointed
                     to
                     stop
                     them
                     ,
                     fall
                     into
                     the
                     next
                     successive
                     notch
                     of
                     a
                     moving
                     wheel
                     ,
                     called
                     the
                     count
                     wheel
                     ,
                     for
                     that
                     purpose
                     indented
                     concentrick
                     at
                     severall
                     distances
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     strokes
                     at
                     each
                     time
                     to
                     be
                     strucken
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     By
                     the
                     description
                     here
                     given
                     I
                     
                     am
                     much
                     satisfied
                     ,
                     concerning
                     the
                     natural
                     motion
                     of
                     wheels
                     in
                     a
                     Clock
                     ,
                     but
                     if
                     you
                     have
                     any
                     thing
                     further
                     to
                     declare
                     I
                     shall
                     be
                     very
                     desirous
                     to
                     hear
                     it
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     There
                     is
                     nothing
                     more
                     to
                     be
                     spoken
                     concerning
                     this
                     matter
                     that
                     will
                     be
                     worthy
                     your
                     attention
                     ;
                     what
                     hath
                     already
                     been
                     delivered
                     is
                     sufficient
                     ,
                     for
                     there
                     in
                     not
                     any
                     part
                     of
                     Clock
                     work
                     whatsoever
                     which
                     moveth
                     not
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     order
                     here
                     before
                     described
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     if
                     they
                     contain
                     quarter
                     repeating
                     or
                     Chime
                     parts
                     ,
                     yet
                     their
                     order
                     in
                     motion
                     is
                     the
                     same
                     in
                     effect
                     with
                     what
                     hath
                     been
                     before
                     delivered
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   DIALOGVE
                   III.
                   Wherein
                   the
                   goodness
                   and
                   excellency
                   of
                   a
                   Clock
                   chiefly
                   consisteth
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     CHi
                     .
                  
                   
                     That
                     little
                     knowledg
                     which
                     I
                     have
                     gained
                     by
                     our
                     former
                     discourses
                     makes
                     me
                     ,
                     still
                     the
                     more
                     desirous
                     to
                     be
                     informed
                     further
                     concerning
                     these
                     
                     motions
                     of
                     returns
                     ,
                     whereof
                     in
                     the
                     next
                     place
                     I
                     shall
                     desire
                     some
                     account
                     wherein
                     the
                     chief
                     goodness
                     of
                     a
                     Clock
                     consists
                     that
                     I
                     may
                     (
                     at
                     least
                     in
                     discourse
                     )
                     be
                     able
                     to
                     difference
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     good
                     from
                     them
                     that
                     are
                     bad
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     chief
                     goodness
                     of
                     a
                     Clock
                     consists
                     chiefly
                     in
                     these
                     two
                     things
                     ;
                     first
                     in
                     its
                     dureableness
                     ;
                     secondly
                     in
                     its
                     officiousness
                     ;
                     and
                     that
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     either
                     durable
                     or
                     officious
                     several
                     things
                     are
                     required
                     .
                  
                   
                     First
                     for
                     its
                     durableness
                     the
                     first
                     thing
                     required
                     is
                     that
                     the
                     chief
                     parts
                     of
                     which
                     it
                     is
                     composed
                     ,
                     be
                     of
                     metal
                     answerable
                     in
                     hardness
                     to
                     the
                     extremity
                     of
                     its
                     performance
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     Secondly
                     that
                     true
                     proportion
                     and
                     uniforme
                     figure
                     be
                     observed
                     in
                     all
                     its
                     parts
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     You
                     speak
                     well
                     in
                     my
                     opinion
                     as
                     to
                     the
                     first
                     of
                     these
                     ,
                     for
                     I
                     am
                     certainly
                     perswaded
                     that
                     those
                     german
                     movements
                     and
                     others
                     ,
                     formerly
                     made
                     ,
                     were
                     far
                     more
                     lasting
                     and
                     dureable
                     then
                     those
                     which
                     these
                     latter
                     ages
                     have
                     produced
                     for
                     certainly
                     ,
                     
                     them
                     whose
                     wheels
                     and
                     other
                     parts
                     were
                     made
                     of
                     the
                     purest
                     steel
                     must
                     needs
                     outlast
                     those
                     who
                     are
                     made
                     in
                     brass
                     ,
                     it
                     being
                     a
                     much
                     softer
                     metal
                     and
                     so
                     consequently
                     more
                     subject
                     to
                     decay
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     Your
                     not
                     right
                     understanding
                     the
                     first
                     thing
                     required
                     in
                     my
                     first
                     propostion
                     hath
                     been
                     the
                     cause
                     of
                     this
                     your
                     great
                     mistake
                     .
                     I
                     confess
                     indeed
                     that
                     some
                     part
                     of
                     those
                     antient
                     movements
                     you
                     speak
                     of
                     do
                     in
                     our
                     days
                     seem
                     many
                     of
                     them
                     to
                     be
                     very
                     little
                     worn
                     :
                     Yet
                     I
                     will
                     prove
                     to
                     you
                     by
                     plain
                     and
                     evident
                     reasons
                     ,
                     that
                     those
                     Clocks
                     and
                     Watches
                     ,
                     which
                     we
                     make
                     now
                     a
                     dayes
                     (
                     though
                     the
                     wheels
                     and
                     other
                     parts
                     are
                     composed
                     of
                     brass
                     the
                     softer
                     metal
                     )
                     shall
                     in
                     the
                     general
                     out
                     last
                     all
                     others
                     whatsoever
                     ,
                     provided
                     it
                     be
                     truly
                     and
                     religiously
                     wrought
                     :
                     to
                     prove
                     which
                     consider
                     first
                     that
                     the
                     service
                     of
                     all
                     pinions
                     are
                     in
                     such
                     proportion
                     to
                     the
                     wheels
                     that
                     moveth
                     them
                     (
                     or
                     are
                     moved
                     by
                     them
                     )
                     as
                     their
                     numbers
                     are
                     one
                     to
                     another
                     so
                     that
                     if
                     a
                     wheel
                     contain
                     sixty
                     teeth
                     and
                     the
                     
                     pinion
                     which
                     it
                     moveth
                     about
                     contain
                     but
                     six
                     ,
                     the
                     service
                     of
                     this
                     pinion
                     must
                     needs
                     be
                     ten
                     times
                     as
                     much
                     as
                     the
                     service
                     of
                     that
                     wheel
                     ,
                     because
                     it
                     maketh
                     ten
                     revolutions
                     to
                     the
                     wheeles
                     one
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     by
                     consequence
                     every
                     tooth
                     (
                     or
                     leaf
                     )
                     of
                     that
                     pinion
                     must
                     be
                     worn
                     ten
                     times
                     as
                     much
                     as
                     every
                     tooth
                     in
                     that
                     wheel
                     ,
                     to
                     make
                     therefore
                     these
                     wheels
                     and
                     pinions
                     to
                     wear
                     a
                     like
                     ,
                     and
                     continue
                     the
                     one
                     as
                     long
                     as
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     t
                     is
                     requisite
                     that
                     the
                     substance
                     of
                     the
                     pinion
                     should
                     be
                     so
                     many
                     degrees
                     more
                     hard
                     and
                     durable
                     (
                     as
                     its
                     proportion
                     of
                     wearing
                     is
                     )
                     then
                     the
                     substance
                     of
                     the
                     wheel
                     which
                     moveth
                     it
                     ,
                     by
                     which
                     means
                     they
                     will
                     wear
                     better
                     and
                     continue
                     longer
                     without
                     reparation
                     then
                     otherwise
                     t
                     is
                     possible
                     for
                     them
                     to
                     do
                     ;
                     for
                     if
                     you
                     observe
                     those
                     german
                     movements
                     you
                     speak
                     of
                     (
                     whose
                     wheels
                     and
                     pinions
                     and
                     other
                     parts
                     are
                     all
                     of
                     steel
                     )
                     you
                     shall
                     find
                     the
                     pinions
                     irrepairably
                     decaied
                     ,
                     when
                     the
                     wheels
                     are
                     never
                     the
                     worse
                     ,
                     for
                     since
                     that
                     almost
                     all
                     the
                     wearing
                     to
                     which
                     those
                     parts
                     are
                     liable
                     be
                     laid
                     one
                     the
                     pinions
                     ,
                     
                     we
                     may
                     reasonably
                     conclude
                     that
                     they
                     are
                     sooner
                     worn
                     out
                     (
                     by
                     just
                     halfe
                     the
                     time
                     )
                     then
                     they
                     otherwise
                     would
                     have
                     been
                     ,
                     if
                     the
                     wheel
                     had
                     been
                     made
                     of
                     such
                     a
                     metal
                     ,
                     whose
                     proportion
                     of
                     hardness
                     or
                     softness
                     would
                     have
                     admitted
                     an
                     equal
                     share
                     of
                     wearing
                     with
                     it
                     ,
                     which
                     ill
                     conveniencies
                     are
                     all
                     avoyded
                     by
                     that
                     method
                     of
                     working
                     now
                     a
                     days
                     used
                     in
                     framing
                     of
                     these
                     movements
                     :
                     there
                     fore
                     in
                     this
                     sort
                     of
                     work
                     take
                     this
                     for
                     a
                     general
                     rule
                     (
                     where
                     there
                     is
                     no
                     exception
                     )
                     that
                     what
                     proportion
                     of
                     wearing
                     one
                     part
                     beareth
                     unto
                     another
                     such
                     a
                     proportion
                     of
                     hardness
                     should
                     the
                     metal
                     of
                     the
                     one
                     have
                     above
                     the
                     other
                     to
                     make
                     them
                     wear
                     equal
                     ,
                     and
                     Continue
                     long
                     in
                     that
                     placide
                     estate
                     of
                     motion
                     which
                     is
                     requisite
                     in
                     things
                     of
                     this
                     nature
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi
                     
                  
                   
                     I
                     am
                     now
                     in
                     part
                     convinced
                     of
                     my
                     error
                     ,
                     but
                     yet
                     ,
                     I
                     think
                     ,
                     your
                     general
                     rule
                     holds
                     not
                     good
                     in
                     all
                     parts
                     of
                     a
                     Clock
                     ,
                     for
                     then
                     how
                     comes
                     it
                     to
                     pass
                     that
                     in
                     Clocks
                     ,
                     you
                     make
                     their
                     pevets
                     which
                     are
                     of
                     steel
                     ,
                     to
                     move
                     in
                     frames
                     of
                     brass
                     this
                     according
                     to
                     your
                     general
                     rule
                     cannot
                     
                     wear
                     equally
                     ,
                     because
                     they
                     are
                     substances
                     of
                     unequal
                     hardness
                     ,
                     yet
                     perform
                     both
                     the
                     same
                     taske
                     ;
                     whence
                     we
                     may
                     conclude
                     that
                     the
                     more
                     soft
                     must
                     needs
                     be
                     more
                     sensiable
                     of
                     the
                     wearing
                     then
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     more
                     hard
                     ,
                     therfore
                     how
                     can
                     your
                     method
                     of
                     working
                     ,
                     be
                     good
                     in
                     these
                     parts
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     rule
                     and
                     method
                     holds
                     good
                     still
                     (
                     with
                     our
                     exception
                     )
                     for
                     though
                     it
                     be
                     an
                     ill
                     convenience
                     in
                     other
                     parts
                     ,
                     yet
                     in
                     pevets
                     and
                     their
                     receptacles
                     it
                     is
                     not
                     so
                     ,
                     for
                     reason
                     requires
                     if
                     '
                     twear
                     possible
                     ,
                     that
                     all
                     the
                     wearing
                     to
                     which
                     those
                     parts
                     are
                     subject
                     should
                     be
                     in
                     the
                     pevet
                     holes
                     ,
                     and
                     not
                     in
                     the
                     pevets
                     themselves
                     ;
                     for
                     when
                     pevets
                     ,
                     are
                     worn
                     and
                     decayed
                     there
                     's
                     no
                     repairing
                     them
                     without
                     new
                     pinions
                     (
                     which
                     is
                     exceeding
                     chargeable
                     )
                     whereas
                     pevet-holes
                     are
                     more
                     easily
                     reduced
                     and
                     with
                     far
                     smaller
                     cost
                     ,
                     thus
                     of
                     two
                     evils
                     we
                     have
                     chosen
                     the
                     least
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     Why
                     are
                     true
                     proportion
                     and
                     uniform
                     figure
                     required
                     to
                     make
                     the
                     movement
                     of
                     a
                     Clock
                     more
                     lasting
                     and
                     durable
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     True
                     proportion
                     and
                     uniform
                     figure
                     are
                     required
                     ,
                     because
                     without
                     it
                     ,
                     movements
                     of
                     this
                     Nature
                     cannot
                     perform
                     ,
                     and
                     we
                     count
                     a
                     Clock
                     to
                     be
                     worn
                     or
                     (
                     which
                     is
                     all
                     one
                     )
                     to
                     be
                     of
                     no
                     value
                     ,
                     when
                     he
                     ceaseth
                     to
                     perform
                     that
                     office
                     for
                     which
                     he
                     is
                     designed
                     :
                     if
                     therefore
                     the
                     teeth
                     of
                     the
                     pinions
                     are
                     not
                     proportional
                     to
                     the
                     teeth
                     of
                     the
                     wheels
                     ,
                     or
                     the
                     teeth
                     of
                     both
                     to
                     themselves
                     ,
                     if
                     the
                     pevets
                     are
                     too
                     big
                     or
                     too
                     little
                     ,
                     if
                     the
                     wheels
                     are
                     too
                     large
                     ,
                     or
                     the
                     generality
                     of
                     the
                     work
                     too
                     heavy
                     and
                     cumbersom
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     certain
                     this
                     Clock
                     is
                     not
                     of
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     accounted
                     the
                     best
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     What
                     is
                     required
                     in
                     its
                     officiousness
                     to
                     make
                     it
                     good
                     or
                     excellent
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     In
                     its
                     officiousness
                     two
                     things
                     are
                     required
                     ,
                     first
                     continuance
                     in
                     motion
                     ;
                     secondly
                     regularity
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     :
                     as
                     to
                     the
                     first
                     of
                     these
                     't
                     is
                     certain
                     ,
                     that
                     those
                     Clocks
                     ,
                     that
                     have
                     true
                     proportion
                     in
                     their
                     parts
                     and
                     uniformity
                     of
                     figure
                     also
                     ,
                     must
                     needs
                     〈◊〉
                     a
                     Clock
                     of
                     continuance
                     in
                     motion
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     best
                     kind
                     ?
                     provided
                     it
                     be
                     well
                     defended
                     ,
                     by
                     case
                     or
                     otherwise
                     ,
                     
                     from
                     air
                     and
                     dust
                     ;
                     the
                     one
                     being
                     subject
                     to
                     rust
                     the
                     steel
                     work
                     ,
                     which
                     may
                     happen
                     to
                     put
                     a
                     stop
                     to
                     its
                     motion
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     by
                     clogging
                     the
                     teeth
                     ,
                     and
                     choaking
                     the
                     pevets
                     ,
                     will
                     be
                     apt
                     to
                     produce
                     the
                     same
                     effect
                     .
                  
                   
                     As
                     to
                     their
                     regularity
                     I
                     shall
                     say
                     only
                     thus
                     much
                     ,
                     that
                     those
                     Clocks
                     ,
                     who
                     have
                     their
                     motion
                     regulated
                     by
                     a
                     Pendulum
                     ,
                     are
                     more
                     excellent
                     then
                     those
                     who
                     are
                     regulated
                     by
                     a
                     Ballance
                     ,
                     and
                     those
                     ,
                     that
                     are
                     regulated
                     by
                     a
                     long
                     Pendulum
                     ,
                     are
                     far
                     more
                     excellent
                     than
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     regulated
                     by
                     a
                     short
                     one
                     ;
                     to
                     all
                     which
                     I
                     shall
                     add
                     this
                     one
                     general
                     rule
                     ,
                     that
                     those
                     Clocks
                     are
                     to
                     be
                     accounted
                     best
                     ,
                     that
                     perform
                     most
                     with
                     least
                     work
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   DIALOGUE
                   IV.
                   Of
                   the
                   several
                   conclusions
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   ,
                   are
                   ,
                   and
                   may
                   be
                   wrought
                   by
                   the
                   motion
                   of
                   Clockwork
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     CHi
                     .
                  
                   
                     Is
                     it
                     possible
                     by
                     the
                     moving
                     of
                     Clockwork
                     to
                     represent
                     or
                     work
                     any
                     other
                     motion
                     or
                     conclusion
                     then
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     hour
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     Of
                     those
                     several
                     motions
                     and
                     conclusions
                     that
                     may
                     be
                     wrought
                     by
                     Clock-work
                     I
                     will
                     give
                     you
                     an
                     account
                     as
                     far
                     as
                     my
                     knowledge
                     or
                     inquiry
                     will
                     permit
                     me
                     :
                     the
                     first
                     thing
                     I
                     shall
                     deliver
                     as
                     possible
                     to
                     be
                     effected
                     by
                     their
                     motion
                     ,
                     is
                     that
                     first
                     they
                     may
                     be
                     made
                     to
                     show
                     the
                     month
                     of
                     the
                     year
                     ,
                     the
                     days
                     of
                     the
                     moneth
                     ,
                     the
                     the
                     hours
                     of
                     the
                     day
                     ,
                     the
                     minutes
                     of
                     an
                     hour
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     secants
                     of
                     a
                     minute
                     .
                  
                   
                     2
                     ,
                     They
                     may
                     (
                     besides
                     the
                     hour
                     
                     in
                     any
                     particuler
                     place
                     )
                     be
                     made
                     to
                     shew
                     the
                     hour
                     in
                     any
                     place
                     of
                     the
                     known
                     World
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     ,
                     by
                     inspection
                     thereon
                     ,
                     you
                     may
                     have
                     readily
                     given
                     you
                     the
                     hour
                     at
                     that
                     time
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     is
                     naturally
                     ,
                     in
                     any
                     particuler
                     known
                     Region
                     ,
                     Kingdome
                     ,
                     or
                     Principal
                     City
                     in
                     the
                     Universe
                     .
                  
                   
                     3.
                     
                     They
                     may
                     be
                     made
                     to
                     shew
                     the
                     Suns
                     place
                     in
                     the
                     twelve
                     signs
                     of
                     the
                     Zodiack
                     ,
                     his
                     declination
                     from
                     the
                     equinoctial
                     ,
                     his
                     right
                     and
                     oblick
                     ascention
                     ,
                     his
                     amplitude
                     ,
                     rising
                     and
                     setting
                     ,
                     length
                     of
                     the
                     day
                     and
                     night
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     beginning
                     and
                     ending
                     of
                     twilight
                     ,
                     throughout
                     the
                     whole
                     year
                     .
                  
                   
                     4.
                     
                     They
                     may
                     shew
                     the
                     moons
                     age
                     ,
                     time
                     of
                     her
                     new
                     ,
                     full
                     ,
                     and
                     quarters
                     ,
                     her
                     rising
                     ,
                     and
                     setting
                     ,
                     and
                     southing
                     ,
                     her
                     time
                     of
                     shining
                     ,
                     and
                     motion
                     through
                     the
                     twelve
                     signs
                     of
                     the
                     Zodiack
                     .
                  
                   
                     5.
                     
                     They
                     may
                     shew
                     the
                     rising
                     ,
                     setting
                     ,
                     and
                     southing
                     of
                     any
                     fixed
                     Stars
                     .
                  
                   
                     6.
                     
                     They
                     may
                     shew
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     the
                     
                     tide
                     or
                     full
                     sea
                     in
                     any
                     Port
                     or
                     Harbour
                     whatsoever
                     .
                  
                   
                     7.
                     
                     Besides
                     the
                     hour
                     ,
                     they
                     have
                     been
                     made
                     to
                     strike
                     the
                     minutes
                     ,
                     and
                     quarters
                     ,
                     repeat
                     the
                     hour
                     ,
                     Chime
                     Tunes
                     on
                     Bells
                     ,
                     play
                     on
                     the
                     Organ
                     ,
                     Harpsecal
                     ,
                     or
                     Virginal
                     .
                  
                   
                     8.
                     
                     Besides
                     the
                     lively
                     and
                     delightful
                     motion
                     that
                     hath
                     thereby
                     been
                     given
                     to
                     Artificial
                     Creatures
                     ,
                     such
                     as
                     dogs
                     ,
                     mice
                     ,
                     flyes
                     ,
                     fouls
                     of
                     the
                     air
                     ,
                     and
                     figures
                     of
                     men
                     ,
                     women
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     like
                     .
                  
                   
                     Besides
                     all
                     which
                     it
                     hath
                     been
                     reported
                     ,
                     by
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     Ancients
                     ,
                     that
                     a
                     Prince
                     in
                     his
                     time
                     was
                     (
                     by
                     a
                     German
                     )
                     presented
                     with
                     a
                     Clock
                     ,
                     which
                     ,
                     besides
                     the
                     hower
                     ,
                     did
                     also
                     represent
                     the
                     moving
                     of
                     the
                     seven
                     planets
                     in
                     their
                     direct
                     retrograde
                     and
                     stationary
                     motions
                     :
                     which
                     if
                     true
                     was
                     a
                     work
                     worthy
                     admiration
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   DIALOGVE
                   V.
                   Some
                   few
                   rules
                   how
                   a
                   man
                   may
                   furnish
                   himself
                   with
                   either
                   Clocks
                   or
                   Watches
                   that
                   are
                   really
                   good
                   and
                   substantial
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     CHi
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     time
                     that
                     hath
                     been
                     spent
                     in
                     giving
                     and
                     receiving
                     these
                     first
                     Rudiments
                     of
                     knowledge
                     in
                     this
                     kind
                     ,
                     hath
                     in
                     my
                     opinion
                     been
                     somthing
                     larger
                     then
                     necessity
                     seems
                     to
                     require
                     ,
                     Considering
                     that
                     what
                     hath
                     been
                     delivered
                     has
                     rather
                     been
                     to
                     satisfie
                     an
                     inquisitive
                     curiosity
                     then
                     for
                     any
                     great
                     use
                     or
                     profit
                     contained
                     therein
                     ;
                     therefore
                     since
                     I
                     have
                     gained
                     sufficient
                     knowledge
                     in
                     these
                     lesser
                     matters
                     let
                     us
                     proceed
                     to
                     those
                     of
                     more
                     importance
                     ,
                     and
                     herein
                     I
                     shall
                     desire
                     you
                     to
                     give
                     some
                     few
                     directions
                     what
                     course
                     is
                     safest
                     to
                     be
                     taken
                     in
                     furnishing
                     my self
                     with
                     a
                     good
                     Clock
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     If
                     you
                     intend
                     to
                     furnish
                     your self
                     with
                     Clocks
                     that
                     are
                     really
                     good
                     
                     and
                     substantial
                     you
                     must
                     observe
                     these
                     three
                     rules
                     .
                  
                   
                     First
                     that
                     you
                     apply
                     your self
                     to
                     a
                     work-man
                     who
                     is
                     of
                     reputed
                     ability
                     :
                     he
                     that
                     is
                     master
                     of
                     his
                     Art
                     is
                     the
                     only
                     person
                     in
                     nature
                     from
                     whom
                     you
                     can
                     in
                     reason
                     expect
                     either
                     Clocks
                     or
                     any
                     other
                     movements
                     whatsoever
                     that
                     are
                     perfect
                     ,
                     sound
                     ,
                     and
                     good
                     work
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     You
                     say
                     well
                     ,
                     but
                     I
                     have
                     observed
                     ,
                     that
                     same
                     or
                     repute
                     is
                     many
                     times
                     the
                     product
                     of
                     some
                     particular
                     affections
                     ,
                     and
                     too
                     often
                     is
                     conferred
                     one
                     those
                     that
                     least
                     deserve
                     it
                     ,
                     therefore
                     that
                     I
                     may
                     not
                     be
                     deceived
                     in
                     the
                     repute
                     of
                     a
                     work-mans
                     ability
                     what
                     rule
                     shall
                     I
                     walk
                     by
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     Not
                     by
                     the
                     populer
                     applause
                     of
                     light
                     and
                     vain
                     petsons
                     :
                     but
                     by
                     the
                     commendation
                     of
                     the
                     more
                     sober
                     and
                     soled
                     sort
                     of
                     men
                     .
                  
                   
                     Not
                     by
                     the
                     fame
                     of
                     unexperienced
                     relations
                     ;
                     as
                     by
                     the
                     testimony
                     of
                     his
                     own
                     labours
                     .
                  
                   
                     Not
                     by
                     his
                     fair
                     and
                     beautiful
                     expressions
                     
                     but
                     by
                     his
                     plain
                     downright
                     and
                     solid
                     reasons
                     .
                  
                   
                     So
                     that
                     if
                     his
                     reputation
                     be
                     derived
                     from
                     gravity
                     :
                     if
                     his
                     work
                     have
                     performed
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     expectaion
                     of
                     those
                     that
                     have
                     used
                     it
                     :
                     and
                     he
                     be
                     able
                     to
                     give
                     a
                     reason
                     of
                     any
                     thing
                     that
                     falls
                     in
                     his
                     business
                     ,
                     you
                     may
                     in
                     a
                     large
                     manner
                     put
                     confidence
                     in
                     his
                     ability
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     But
                     some
                     Clocks
                     that
                     have
                     been
                     made
                     by
                     persons
                     of
                     good
                     repute
                     have
                     failed
                     exceedingly
                     in
                     their
                     performance
                     (
                     as
                     might
                     be
                     instanced
                     in
                     several
                     )
                     though
                     they
                     indeed
                     at
                     last
                     were
                     perfected
                     ,
                     but
                     it
                     was
                     with
                     a
                     great
                     deal
                     of
                     trouble
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     This
                     might
                     be
                     for
                     several
                     other
                     reasons
                     ,
                     and
                     not
                     from
                     any
                     deficience
                     in
                     the
                     work-man
                     ;
                     as
                     first
                     ,
                     it
                     might
                     be
                     some
                     accidental
                     injury
                     in
                     the
                     conveiance
                     from
                     one
                     place
                     to
                     another
                     ,
                     as
                     sometimes
                     happens
                     by
                     jogs
                     or
                     Squats
                     which
                     loosen
                     either
                     pins
                     ,
                     wedges
                     or
                     screws
                     which
                     many
                     waies
                     may
                     impede
                     its
                     motion
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     Secondly
                     there
                     may
                     be
                     some
                     small
                     matter
                     not
                     freed
                     in
                     the
                     finishing
                     ,
                     which
                     many
                     times
                     escapes
                     the
                     care
                     of
                     the
                     best
                     work-man
                     ,
                     and
                     may
                     happen
                     not
                     to
                     discover
                     it self
                     till
                     sold
                     ,
                     all
                     which
                     may
                     occasion
                     some
                     defect
                     in
                     its
                     performance
                     ,
                     and
                     this
                     defect
                     may
                     occasion
                     some
                     trouble
                     to
                     find
                     its
                     cause
                     ,
                     for
                     if
                     the
                     cause
                     be
                     once
                     found
                     t
                     is
                     then
                     easily
                     cured
                     ,
                     only
                     the
                     hardest
                     thing
                     is
                     to
                     find
                     the
                     cause
                     ,
                     but
                     however
                     the
                     work
                     of
                     a
                     reputed
                     Artist
                     ,
                     may
                     thus
                     fail
                     by
                     chance
                     ,
                     yet
                     this
                     can
                     be
                     no
                     cause
                     for
                     you
                     to
                     distrust
                     his
                     ability
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     best
                     work-man
                     being
                     but
                     a
                     man
                     may
                     be
                     subject
                     to
                     error
                     ,
                     and
                     if
                     in
                     the
                     general
                     he
                     prove
                     a
                     sound
                     work-man
                     once
                     failing
                     is
                     not
                     to
                     be
                     taken
                     notice
                     of
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     What
                     is
                     the
                     second
                     rule
                     I
                     am
                     to
                     take
                     notice
                     of
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     My
                     second
                     rule
                     is
                     that
                     your
                     work-man
                     be
                     not
                     onely
                     a
                     person
                     of
                     reputed
                     ability
                     ,
                     but
                     also
                     of
                     known
                     integrity
                     ,
                     for
                     though
                     a
                     found
                     work-man
                     be
                     able
                     to
                     furnish
                     you
                     with
                     good
                     
                     work
                     ;
                     yet
                     the
                     safest
                     dealing
                     will
                     be
                     with
                     him
                     that
                     is
                     both
                     able
                     and
                     honest
                     ,
                     an
                     able
                     work-man
                     can
                     furnish
                     you
                     with
                     good
                     work
                     ,
                     if
                     he
                     will
                     ,
                     and
                     an
                     honest
                     man
                     will
                     furnish
                     you
                     with
                     good
                     work
                     ,
                     therefore
                     he
                     that
                     is
                     both
                     able
                     and
                     honest
                     ,
                     both
                     can
                     and
                     will
                     furnish
                     you
                     with
                     good
                     work
                     if
                     you
                     observe
                     .
                  
                   
                     My
                     third
                     rule
                     ,
                     that
                     you
                     resolve
                     to
                     give
                     a
                     price
                     valuable
                     to
                     the
                     work
                     you
                     purchase
                     ,
                     there
                     is
                     a
                     saying
                     which
                     among
                     Clock-makers
                     is
                     aparently
                     true
                     ,
                     that
                     he
                     that
                     sels
                     a
                     Clock
                     for
                     a
                     small
                     price
                     cheats
                     either
                     himself
                     or
                     his
                     customer
                     ,
                     for
                     if
                     he
                     sels
                     good
                     work
                     at
                     a
                     low
                     rate
                     ,
                     he
                     cheats
                     himself
                     ;
                     but
                     if
                     he
                     sels
                     bad
                     work
                     at
                     a
                     low
                     value
                     then
                     he
                     cheats
                     his
                     Customer
                     ,
                     who
                     expects
                     (
                     commonly
                     )
                     that
                     it
                     should
                     be
                     good
                     though
                     he
                     buy
                     it
                     at
                     an
                     inconsiderable
                     price
                     ;
                     therefore
                     if
                     you
                     are
                     minded
                     to
                     furnish
                     your self
                     with
                     a
                     good
                     Clock
                     be
                     as
                     willing
                     to
                     give
                     a
                     good
                     price
                     as
                     you
                     are
                     to
                     have
                     good
                     work
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     But
                     suppose
                     that
                     I
                     should
                     apply
                     my self
                     to
                     such
                     a
                     person
                     you
                     speak
                     
                     of
                     that
                     is
                     both
                     of
                     repute
                     ,
                     ability
                     ,
                     and
                     known
                     integrity
                     ,
                     and
                     one
                     that
                     for
                     a
                     good
                     price
                     hath
                     made
                     good
                     work
                     ;
                     yet
                     ,
                     I
                     fear
                     ,
                     I
                     may
                     here
                     be
                     cheated
                     ,
                     for
                     when
                     I
                     come
                     into
                     his
                     shop
                     with
                     a
                     resolution
                     to
                     give
                     a
                     good
                     price
                     for
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     good
                     ;
                     I
                     may
                     have
                     chance
                     to
                     pitch
                     upon
                     one
                     that
                     is
                     not
                     of
                     his
                     own
                     make
                     ,
                     for
                     I
                     have
                     observed
                     that
                     they
                     all
                     keep
                     servants
                     ,
                     who
                     seldome
                     prove
                     so
                     careful
                     as
                     they
                     ought
                     ,
                     especially
                     if
                     their
                     masters
                     eye
                     is
                     not
                     alwaies
                     one
                     them
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     He
                     that
                     is
                     honest
                     and
                     faithful
                     in
                     his
                     dealing
                     will
                     certainly
                     inform
                     you
                     of
                     the
                     difference
                     if
                     he
                     finds
                     you
                     thus
                     resolved
                     valuably
                     to
                     purchase
                     the
                     best
                     ,
                     but
                     however
                     considering
                     temptations
                     your
                     best
                     way
                     not
                     to
                     be
                     deceived
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     speak
                     it
                     a
                     fore
                     hand
                     agreeing
                     with
                     the
                     work-man
                     both
                     for
                     price
                     ,
                     time
                     of
                     going
                     ,
                     performance
                     ,
                     and
                     shape
                     ;
                     this
                     is
                     the
                     surest
                     way
                     ,
                     for
                     a
                     work
                     man
                     that
                     knoweth
                     his
                     price
                     knows
                     also
                     what
                     time
                     he
                     can
                     afford
                     to
                     spend
                     in
                     makeing
                     it
                     good
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     But
                     is
                     it
                     not
                     possible
                     for
                     a
                     man
                     
                     that
                     is
                     not
                     an
                     Artist
                     ,
                     to
                     be
                     capable
                     of
                     knowing
                     good
                     work
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     T
                     is
                     very
                     hard
                     ,
                     yet
                     to
                     satisfie
                     your
                     desire
                     I
                     will
                     give
                     you
                     two
                     or
                     three
                     rules
                     that
                     may
                     possibly
                     stand
                     you
                     in
                     some
                     stead
                     .
                  
                   
                     First
                     be
                     satisfied
                     if
                     possibly
                     ,
                     whether
                     the
                     teeth
                     of
                     the
                     wheels
                     be
                     cut
                     down
                     by
                     an
                     ingine
                     or
                     not
                     ,
                     for
                     there
                     is
                     no
                     man
                     can
                     cut
                     them
                     down
                     by
                     hand
                     so
                     true
                     and
                     equal
                     as
                     an
                     ingine
                     doth
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Secondly
                     let
                     the
                     vibrative
                     traine
                     of
                     the
                     Pendulum
                     or
                     Ballance
                     be
                     brisk
                     and
                     lively
                     ,
                     continuing
                     its
                     motion
                     some
                     time
                     after
                     the
                     tooth
                     hath
                     ingaged
                     with
                     its
                     pallets
                     ,
                     and
                     not
                     check
                     or
                     return
                     so
                     soon
                     as
                     they
                     have
                     beaten
                     thereon
                     ,
                     t
                     is
                     alwaies
                     commendable
                     to
                     to
                     see
                     Clock
                     or
                     Watch-work
                     ,
                     move
                     thus
                     brisk
                     and
                     lively
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     great
                     sign
                     it
                     hath
                     passed
                     a
                     good
                     hand
                     .
                  
                   
                     Thirdly
                     ,
                     Observe
                     whether
                     every
                     particular
                     part
                     of
                     it
                     be
                     true
                     and
                     square
                     whether
                     it
                     be
                     clean
                     ,
                     smooth
                     ,
                     and
                     well
                     polished
                     ,
                     whether
                     the
                     needle
                     or
                     hand
                     be
                     true
                     siled
                     ,
                     and
                     of
                     a
                     neat
                     order
                     whether
                     
                     the
                     hammer
                     strike
                     one
                     the
                     Bell
                     so
                     true
                     as
                     may
                     cause
                     it
                     to
                     give
                     its
                     sound
                     clear
                     and
                     ful
                     without
                     intermixture
                     of
                     harshness
                     and
                     Jurgelling
                     ,
                     and
                     whether
                     the
                     work
                     be
                     generally
                     in
                     all
                     its
                     actions
                     lively
                     ,
                     brisk
                     and
                     pleasant
                     ,
                     if
                     you
                     find
                     all
                     these
                     in
                     a
                     Clock
                     you
                     may
                     conclude
                     it
                     was
                     made
                     by
                     the
                     hand
                     of
                     a
                     good
                     work-man
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     good
                     work
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     alwaies
                     best
                     cheap
                     though
                     it
                     cost
                     dear
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   DIALOGVE
                   VI.
                   The
                   way
                   and
                   manner
                   of
                   packing
                   up
                   and
                   conveying
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Clocks
                   from
                   one
                   place
                   to
                   another
                   ,
                   as
                   occasion
                   shall
                   require
                   ,
                   as
                   also
                   rules
                   to
                   be
                   observed
                   in
                   setting
                   them
                   up
                   and
                   fixing
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   places
                   they
                   are
                   designed
                   to
                   stand
                   in
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     CHi
                     .
                  
                   
                     In
                     removing
                     of
                     Clocks
                     ,
                     as
                     occasion
                     may
                     happen
                     ,
                     how
                     shall
                     I
                     do
                     it
                     without
                     prejudice
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     If
                     you
                     have
                     occasion
                     to
                     convey
                     any
                     Clock
                     of
                     worth
                     from
                     one
                     place
                     to
                     another
                     you
                     must
                     do
                     thus
                     :
                     provide
                     for
                     it
                     a
                     coffin
                     or
                     box
                     of
                     deal
                     boards
                     or
                     other
                     wood
                     ,
                     let
                     it
                     be
                     strong
                     enough
                     ,
                     provided
                     it
                     be
                     not
                     too
                     heavy
                     and
                     cumbersome
                     ,
                     let
                     this
                     box
                     be
                     of
                     bigness
                     sufficient
                     to
                     contain
                     your
                     Clock
                     (
                     with
                     case
                     or
                     without
                     )
                     having
                     besides
                     space
                     enough
                     left
                     both
                     at
                     bottom
                     ,
                     top
                     ,
                     and
                     sides
                     ,
                     to
                     thrust
                     in
                     Straw
                     ,
                     or
                     Hay
                     ,
                     (
                     or
                     any
                     other
                     matter
                     that
                     is
                     soft
                     and
                     yeilding
                     )
                     in
                     such
                     quantity
                     as
                     may
                     be
                     sufficient
                     to
                     keep
                     it
                     free
                     from
                     the
                     sides
                     of
                     the
                     coffin
                     :
                     when
                     you
                     have
                     thus
                     provided
                     your
                     coffin
                     or
                     box
                     let
                     your
                     Clock
                     (
                     whether
                     in
                     case
                     or
                     otherwise
                     )
                     be
                     carefully
                     wraped
                     up
                     in
                     paper
                     or
                     Cloths
                     (
                     according
                     to
                     its
                     bigness
                     )
                     to
                     keep
                     it
                     from
                     dust
                     and
                     fowlness
                     having
                     before
                     fastened
                     every
                     thing
                     in
                     it
                     that
                     may
                     receive
                     prejudice
                     by
                     being
                     loose
                     as
                     the
                     pendent
                     of
                     a
                     Clock
                     ,
                     or
                     a
                     Clock
                     in
                     the
                     case
                     ,
                     or
                     the
                     like
                     :
                     when
                     you
                     have
                     thus
                     wraped
                     it
                     up
                     safe
                     ,
                     then
                     in
                     the
                     bottom
                     of
                     the
                     coffin
                     or
                     box
                     ,
                     place
                     a
                     
                     lay
                     of
                     Straw
                     ,
                     upon
                     which
                     lay
                     in
                     your
                     Clock
                     ,
                     then
                     with
                     Straw
                     or
                     Hay
                     let
                     it
                     be
                     so
                     close
                     packed
                     up
                     both
                     at
                     bottom
                     ,
                     top
                     ,
                     and
                     sides
                     ,
                     as
                     the
                     Clock
                     may
                     not-be
                     able
                     to
                     stir
                     therein
                     (
                     alwaies
                     observeing
                     to
                     be
                     careful
                     of
                     glases
                     or
                     ornaments
                     that
                     they
                     be
                     free
                     from
                     compression
                     )
                     then
                     fasten
                     on
                     the
                     cover
                     by
                     nailing
                     or
                     Cording
                     it
                     ;
                     so
                     is
                     your
                     Clock
                     sufficiently
                     packed
                     up
                     ,
                     and
                     may
                     he
                     safely
                     conveyed
                     to
                     any
                     place
                     whatsoever
                     without
                     harm
                     or
                     prejudice
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     When
                     I
                     have
                     thus
                     safely
                     conveyed
                     it
                     to
                     any
                     place
                     ,
                     how
                     then
                     shall
                     I
                     deal
                     with
                     it
                     to
                     set
                     it
                     up
                     rightly
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     When
                     you
                     have
                     gotten
                     it
                     home
                     ,
                     the
                     first
                     thing
                     you
                     have
                     to
                     do
                     is
                     gently
                     to
                     open
                     the
                     box
                     ,
                     pull
                     out
                     the
                     packing
                     and
                     take
                     out
                     the
                     Clock
                     then
                     take
                     off
                     that
                     with
                     which
                     it
                     is
                     covered
                     ,
                     loosen
                     those
                     things
                     that
                     are
                     fastened
                     in
                     it
                     ,
                     so
                     is
                     it
                     ready
                     to
                     set
                     up
                     for
                     going
                     .
                  
                   
                     If
                     it
                     be
                     a
                     Ballance
                     Clock
                     of
                     the
                     ordinary
                     sort
                     ,
                     the
                     trouble
                     is
                     not
                     much
                     but
                     onely
                     to
                     drive
                     in
                     an
                     hook
                     into
                     either
                     
                     post
                     or
                     brickwork
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     fast
                     ,
                     indriving
                     of
                     which
                     observe
                     not
                     to
                     drive
                     it
                     too
                     far
                     at
                     first
                     ,
                     till
                     you
                     have
                     tried
                     with
                     your
                     Clock
                     whether
                     it
                     hang
                     up
                     right
                     from
                     the
                     wall
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     be
                     not
                     enough
                     you
                     may
                     drive
                     it
                     further
                     till
                     you
                     find
                     it
                     enough
                     ,
                     then
                     hang
                     thereon
                     your
                     Clock
                     (
                     by
                     that
                     provision
                     which
                     is
                     made
                     in
                     it
                     )
                     as
                     upright
                     as
                     your
                     eye
                     can
                     Judge
                     it
                     will
                     do
                     well
                     enough
                     for
                     these
                     sorts
                     ;
                     when
                     you
                     have
                     hung
                     it
                     up
                     ,
                     then
                     hang
                     on
                     the
                     weights
                     ,
                     where
                     note
                     that
                     they
                     are
                     ,
                     commonly
                     marked
                     ,
                     (
                     or
                     should
                     be
                     )
                     the
                     one
                     with
                     a
                     W.
                     ,
                     the
                     other
                     with
                     an
                     S.
                     let
                     that
                     weight
                     that
                     is
                     marked
                     with
                     the
                     S.
                     be
                     hung
                     o●
                     that
                     line
                     which
                     is
                     next
                     the
                     wall
                     ,
                     and
                     let
                     that
                     which
                     is
                     marked
                     with
                     the
                     W.
                     be
                     hung
                     on
                     the
                     out
                     most
                     line
                     ,
                     sometimes
                     there
                     are
                     quarter
                     Clocks
                     which
                     have
                     more
                     weights
                     then
                     two
                     ;
                     in
                     this
                     case
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     convenient
                     to
                     fasten
                     to
                     the
                     lines
                     pieces
                     of
                     paper
                     marked
                     with
                     the
                     same
                     marke
                     that
                     the
                     weight
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     hung
                     on
                     it
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     In
                     what
                     manner
                     shall
                     I
                     set
                     up
                     a
                     pendulum
                     Clock
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     If
                     your
                     pendulum
                     Clock
                     be
                     of
                     the
                     ordinary
                     sort
                     the
                     trouble
                     and
                     manner
                     of
                     hanging
                     it
                     up
                     is
                     the
                     same
                     with
                     the
                     Ballance
                     Clock
                     ,
                     viz.
                     to
                     drive
                     an
                     hook
                     for
                     it
                     to
                     hang
                     on
                     ,
                     which
                     when
                     you
                     have
                     done
                     you
                     may
                     hang
                     on
                     the
                     weight
                     without
                     any
                     difficulty
                     ,
                     because
                     they
                     commonly
                     go
                     but
                     with
                     one
                     ,
                     which
                     you
                     cannot
                     well
                     miss
                     in
                     hanging
                     ;
                     the
                     greatest
                     difficulty
                     is
                     to
                     hang
                     those
                     Clocks
                     upright
                     ,
                     for
                     if
                     they
                     are
                     not
                     placed
                     exact
                     ,
                     they
                     will
                     not
                     go
                     ,
                     the
                     onely
                     rule
                     to
                     know
                     when
                     a
                     Pendulum
                     Clock
                     hangs
                     exactly
                     is
                     by
                     the
                     beating
                     of
                     the
                     pendulum
                     ,
                     for
                     if
                     it
                     strike
                     not
                     equal
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     if
                     there
                     be
                     longer
                     time
                     between
                     beating
                     of
                     one
                     blow
                     ,
                     then
                     there
                     is
                     between
                     the
                     beating
                     of
                     another
                     ,
                     be
                     sure
                     it
                     stands
                     not
                     upright
                     ;
                     to
                     remedy
                     which
                     you
                     must
                     elevate
                     either
                     one
                     side
                     of
                     the
                     Clock
                     or
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     till
                     you
                     find
                     it
                     to
                     vibrate
                     equally
                     ,
                     in
                     doing
                     of
                     which
                     observe
                     ,
                     that
                     if
                     ,
                     when
                     you
                     have
                     elevated
                     one
                     side
                     of
                     your
                     Clock
                     ,
                     it
                     beats
                     more
                     unequal
                     than
                     before
                     ,
                     then
                     be
                     sure
                     you
                     have
                     elevated
                     
                     the
                     wrong●
                     side
                     ,
                     therefore
                     proceed
                     to
                     the
                     elevation
                     of
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     till
                     you
                     find
                     it
                     to
                     vibrate
                     equally
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     What
                     rules
                     must
                     be
                     observed
                     in
                     setting
                     up
                     the
                     long-swing
                     weekly
                     Pendulums
                     ,
                     or
                     others
                     of
                     the
                     like
                     nature
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     In
                     setting
                     up
                     long-swing
                     Pendulums
                     ,
                     after
                     you
                     have
                     taken
                     them
                     from
                     the
                     coffin
                     ,
                     open
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     make
                     free
                     all
                     things
                     that
                     are
                     fastened
                     ,
                     as
                     before
                     was
                     taught
                     ,
                     then
                     in
                     the
                     room
                     it
                     is
                     designed
                     to
                     stand
                     in
                     ,
                     seek
                     for
                     some
                     post
                     if
                     possible
                     near
                     the
                     place
                     you
                     desire
                     it
                     should
                     stand
                     at
                     ,
                     to
                     which
                     proster
                     the
                     Clock
                     and
                     case
                     together
                     as
                     it
                     is
                     ,
                     which
                     done
                     fasten
                     the
                     back
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     Case
                     with
                     a
                     nail
                     or
                     screw
                     to
                     the
                     post
                     ,
                     then
                     hang
                     on
                     the
                     weight
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     marks
                     by
                     the
                     work-man
                     given
                     ,
                     and
                     set
                     the
                     Pendulum
                     on
                     vibrating
                     ,
                     and
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     beating
                     of
                     it
                     you
                     will
                     understand
                     which
                     way
                     to
                     elevate
                     or
                     depress
                     the
                     same
                     to
                     make
                     it
                     beat
                     equal
                     and
                     swing
                     clear
                     of
                     the
                     case
                     :
                     then
                     when
                     you
                     have
                     
                     found
                     it
                     to
                     stand
                     in
                     its
                     true
                     position
                     ,
                     fasten
                     it
                     with
                     another
                     nail
                     or
                     two
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     may
                     stand
                     firm
                     and
                     not
                     shake
                     :
                     the
                     same
                     rule
                     that
                     is
                     given
                     for
                     this
                     serves
                     for
                     all
                     other
                     trunck-cases
                     whatsoever
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     What
                     rules
                     have
                     you
                     for
                     placing
                     Spring
                     (
                     or
                     table
                     Clock
                     .
                     )
                  
                   
                     The
                     difficulty
                     of
                     placing
                     these
                     is
                     not
                     great
                     ,
                     for
                     after
                     you
                     have
                     loosed
                     whatsoever
                     was
                     fastened
                     for
                     conveniency
                     of
                     carriage
                     ,
                     you
                     have
                     no
                     more
                     to
                     do
                     but
                     to
                     set
                     it
                     on
                     a
                     Table
                     ,
                     Cabinet
                     ,
                     or
                     other
                     place
                     convenient
                     for
                     it
                     to
                     stand
                     on
                     (
                     which
                     most
                     commonly
                     stand
                     up
                     right
                     )
                     but
                     after
                     you
                     have
                     placed
                     your
                     Clock
                     thereon
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     be
                     a
                     pendulum
                     and
                     you
                     find
                     it
                     not
                     to
                     beat
                     right
                     ,
                     you
                     may
                     remedy
                     it
                     by
                     putting
                     under
                     that
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     Table
                     ,
                     Cabinet
                     ,
                     &c.
                     that
                     is
                     too
                     low
                     ,
                     a
                     smal
                     wedg
                     ,
                     till
                     you
                     find
                     it
                     to
                     stand
                     right
                     and
                     vibrate
                     equal
                     .
                  
                
              
            
             
               
               
               
                 HOROLOGICAL
                 DIALOGVES
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Second
                 Part.
                 
              
               
                 
                   DIALOGVE
                   I.
                   Of
                   pocket
                   Watches
                   ;
                   Watch
                   and
                   Larrums
                   ;
                   and
                   Clocks
                   ;
                   their
                   use
                   right
                   managing
                   and
                   true
                   adjusting
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     CHi
                     .
                  
                   
                     What
                     is
                     the
                     chief
                     use
                     of
                     watches
                     ,
                     watch
                     and
                     larrums
                     ,
                     and
                     Clocks
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     chief
                     use
                     of
                     the
                     pocket
                     watch
                     is
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     pointing
                     of
                     the
                     needle
                     to
                     the
                     circle
                     of
                     hours
                     ,
                     to
                     give
                     the
                     true
                     hour
                     of
                     the
                     day
                     or
                     night
                     ;
                     the
                     watch
                     and
                     Larrum
                     not
                     only
                     giveth
                     the
                     hour
                     by
                     the
                     pointing
                     of
                     the
                     needle
                     ,
                     but
                     is
                     also
                     by
                     Art
                     contrived
                     to
                     ring
                     on
                     a
                     bell
                     ,
                     at
                     any
                     certain
                     hour
                     you
                     shall
                     appoint
                     ,
                     being
                     chiefly
                     
                     designed
                     to
                     awaken
                     people
                     at
                     any
                     certain
                     hour
                     of
                     the
                     night
                     ,
                     according
                     as
                     they
                     shall
                     have
                     occasion
                     to
                     raise
                     themselves
                     ;
                     the
                     Clock
                     not
                     onely
                     giveth
                     the
                     hour
                     by
                     the
                     direction
                     of
                     the
                     hand
                     to
                     the
                     Dial
                     figures
                     ,
                     but
                     doth
                     also
                     (
                     as
                     I
                     have
                     said
                     before
                     )
                     give
                     intelligence
                     of
                     its
                     divisions
                     of
                     time
                     ,
                     by
                     the
                     sound
                     of
                     a
                     Bell
                     ,
                     strikeing
                     thereon
                     so
                     many
                     stroaks
                     as
                     are
                     sufficient
                     to
                     give
                     an
                     account
                     of
                     the
                     hour
                     it
                     expresseth
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     What
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     learnt
                     as
                     necessary
                     to
                     the
                     right
                     managing
                     of
                     these
                     movements
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     In
                     the
                     managing
                     of
                     the
                     pocket
                     watch
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     first
                     wind
                     it
                     up
                     rightly
                     ;
                     which
                     you
                     must
                     do
                     by
                     turning
                     the
                     Key
                     of
                     it
                     contrary
                     to
                     the
                     motion
                     of
                     the
                     Sun
                     ,
                     or
                     from
                     your
                     right
                     hand
                     upwards
                     (
                     or
                     from
                     you
                     )
                     towards
                     your self
                     ,
                     which
                     ought
                     also
                     to
                     be
                     done
                     not
                     too
                     hastily
                     ,
                     least
                     you
                     force
                     the
                     stop
                     ,
                     and
                     break
                     the
                     string
                     ;
                     and
                     commonly
                     those
                     ,
                     that
                     strive
                     to
                     wind
                     them
                     up
                     the
                     contrary
                     way
                     ,
                     bow
                     either
                     the
                     teeth
                     ,
                     or
                     break
                     the
                     pinions
                     ;
                     
                     like
                     unto
                     this
                     is
                     the
                     manner
                     of
                     winding
                     up
                     either
                     Watch
                     and
                     Larrum
                     ,
                     or
                     Clock
                     ;
                     but
                     the
                     Watch
                     and
                     Larrum
                     ,
                     being
                     appointed
                     to
                     ring
                     at
                     any
                     certain
                     hour
                     must
                     thus
                     be
                     set
                     to
                     perform
                     its
                     task
                     ;
                     they
                     have
                     commonly
                     two
                     circles
                     wheron
                     ,
                     are
                     ingraven
                     the
                     twelve
                     hours
                     ,
                     one
                     in
                     large
                     or
                     capital
                     figures
                     ,
                     the
                     other
                     in
                     small
                     figures
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     appointed
                     to
                     set
                     the
                     Larrum
                     by
                     ,
                     within
                     which
                     is
                     a
                     small
                     hand
                     ;
                     now
                     ,
                     what
                     hour
                     soever
                     you
                     would
                     have
                     your
                     Larrums
                     to
                     ring
                     at
                     ,
                     to
                     that
                     figure
                     ,
                     i●
                     the
                     innermost
                     circle
                     ,
                     set
                     your
                     Larrum
                     hand
                     ;
                     as
                     if
                     you
                     would
                     have
                     it
                     ring
                     at
                     five
                     in
                     the
                     Morning
                     ,
                     then
                     set
                     the
                     little
                     hand
                     within
                     the
                     small
                     circle
                     (
                     which
                     I
                     call
                     the
                     Larrum
                     hand
                     )
                     to
                     the
                     figure
                     of
                     five
                     contained
                     in
                     that
                     small
                     circle
                     ;
                     then
                     winde
                     up
                     the
                     Larrum
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     next
                     morning
                     you
                     willl
                     see
                     the
                     effects
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     How
                     is
                     the
                     Clock
                     to
                     be
                     ordered
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Clock
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     winding
                     up
                     of
                     its
                     several
                     parts
                     ,
                     must
                     be
                     ordered
                     as
                     the
                     watch
                     ,
                     but
                     in
                     other
                     respects
                     
                     requireth
                     a
                     different
                     ordering
                     ,
                     for
                     if
                     the
                     hand
                     be
                     not
                     at
                     the
                     true
                     hour
                     ,
                     it
                     must
                     be
                     set
                     thereunto
                     gradually
                     from
                     one
                     hour
                     to
                     an
                     other
                     ,
                     letting
                     the
                     Clock
                     strike
                     out
                     betwixt
                     each
                     hour
                     ,
                     for
                     if
                     you
                     should
                     turn
                     the
                     hand
                     forward
                     hastily
                     two
                     or
                     three
                     figures
                     together
                     ,
                     you
                     will
                     indanger
                     the
                     breaking
                     of
                     the
                     detents
                     ,
                     if
                     they
                     should
                     happen
                     to
                     rise
                     against
                     the
                     warning
                     pin
                     .
                  
                   
                     If
                     the
                     hand
                     and
                     the
                     striking
                     are
                     not
                     together
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     strikes
                     more
                     or
                     less
                     then
                     the
                     figure
                     ,
                     which
                     the
                     hand
                     points
                     at
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     bring
                     them
                     together
                     thus
                     ,
                     by
                     lifting
                     up
                     continually
                     the
                     locking
                     detent
                     ,
                     so
                     often
                     as
                     occasion
                     serves
                     ,
                     till
                     by
                     striking
                     of
                     it
                     round
                     you
                     bring
                     it
                     to
                     strike
                     so
                     many
                     as
                     the
                     figure
                     signifies
                     ,
                     to
                     which
                     the
                     needle
                     points
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     How
                     are
                     these
                     movements
                     to
                     be
                     adjusted
                     and
                     brought
                     truly
                     to
                     the
                     hour
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art
                     
                  
                   
                     In
                     adjusting
                     of
                     these
                     movements
                     what
                     is
                     necessary
                     in
                     one
                     ,
                     is
                     sufficient
                     for
                     all
                     ,
                     being
                     all
                     rectified
                     in
                     their
                     going
                     
                     by
                     the
                     same
                     rule
                     ,
                     if
                     therefore
                     a
                     Watch
                     go
                     too
                     fast
                     ,
                     the
                     spring
                     must
                     be
                     let
                     down
                     to
                     make
                     it
                     go
                     slower
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     go
                     too
                     slow
                     the
                     spring
                     must
                     be
                     taken
                     up
                     to
                     make
                     it
                     go
                     faster
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     How
                     shall
                     this
                     be
                     performed
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     By
                     turning
                     the
                     endless
                     screw
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     figures
                     moved
                     by
                     it
                     may
                     increase
                     or
                     diminish
                     :
                     as
                     if
                     you
                     would
                     make
                     it
                     go
                     faster
                     ,
                     turn
                     it
                     that
                     the
                     figures
                     may
                     pass
                     from
                     1
                     to
                     2
                     and
                     from
                     2
                     to
                     3
                     &c.
                     but
                     if
                     you
                     would
                     have
                     it
                     go
                     slower
                     turn
                     them
                     from
                     4
                     to
                     3
                     and
                     from
                     3
                     to
                     2
                     &c.
                     and
                     thus
                     you
                     may
                     bring
                     the
                     most
                     common
                     pocket
                     work
                     to
                     the
                     true
                     time
                     or
                     motion
                     in
                     which
                     it
                     should
                     move
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     It
                     hath
                     been
                     observed
                     ,
                     that
                     some
                     Watches
                     go
                     too
                     slow
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     first
                     wound
                     up
                     ,
                     and
                     too
                     fast
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     almost
                     down
                     ,
                     and
                     some
                     go
                     too
                     fast
                     ,
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     first
                     wound
                     up
                     ,
                     and
                     too
                     slow
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     almost
                     down
                     ;
                     which
                     all
                     the
                     leting
                     down
                     or
                     taking
                     up
                     of
                     the
                     Spring
                     would
                     not
                     remedy
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     This
                     proceeds
                     from
                     a
                     fuzey
                     not
                     truly
                     adjusted
                     to
                     the
                     draught
                     of
                     the
                     Spring
                     ,
                     and
                     must
                     be
                     rectified
                     by
                     a
                     work-man
                     ,
                     being
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     hardest
                     knacks
                     that
                     belong
                     to
                     a
                     Watch-maker
                     to
                     perform
                     exactly
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   DIALOGUE
                   II.
                   Of
                   ordinary
                   domestick
                   Ballance
                   Watches
                   ,
                   Watch
                   and
                   Larrums
                   ,
                   and
                   Clocks
                   ,
                   their
                   use
                   ,
                   right
                   manageing
                   ,
                   and
                   true
                   adjusting
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     CHi
                     .
                  
                   
                     what
                     is
                     the
                     chief
                     use
                     of
                     these
                     movements
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     use
                     of
                     these
                     is
                     the
                     same
                     with
                     those
                     in
                     the
                     former
                     discourse
                     ,
                     (
                     onely
                     their
                     use
                     is
                     more
                     manual
                     then
                     these
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     use
                     of
                     these
                     more
                     domestick
                     then
                     they
                     )
                     but
                     their
                     manner
                     of
                     ordering
                     differ
                     something
                     ,
                     for
                     these
                     are
                     drawn
                     up
                     by
                     the
                     lines
                     themselves
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Larrum
                     is
                     set
                     by
                     turning
                     the
                     
                     Circle
                     of
                     small
                     figures
                     ,
                     till
                     the
                     figure
                     ,
                     representing
                     the
                     hour
                     you
                     would
                     have
                     it
                     ring
                     at
                     ,
                     be
                     set
                     under
                     the
                     back
                     end
                     of
                     the
                     hand
                     ;
                     as
                     if
                     you
                     would
                     have
                     it
                     ring
                     at
                     4
                     of
                     the
                     Clock
                     in
                     the
                     morning
                     ,
                     turn
                     the
                     Circle
                     about
                     till
                     you
                     set
                     the
                     figure
                     of
                     4
                     thereon
                     just
                     under
                     the
                     back
                     (
                     or
                     shorter
                     end
                     of
                     the
                     hand
                     ,
                     )
                     so
                     shall
                     you
                     have
                     its
                     desired
                     effects
                     ,
                     if
                     you
                     draw
                     the
                     weight
                     of
                     it
                     up
                     .
                  
                   
                     For
                     the
                     ordering
                     the
                     Clock
                     ,
                     in
                     reference
                     to
                     the
                     makeing
                     it
                     strike
                     true
                     with
                     the
                     hand
                     ,
                     t
                     is
                     the
                     same
                     before
                     delivered
                     concerning
                     the
                     pocket
                     Clock
                     ;
                     whether
                     I
                     refer
                     you
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     When
                     these
                     movements
                     go
                     too
                     fast
                     or
                     too
                     slow
                     ,
                     how
                     shall
                     they
                     be
                     rectified
                     and
                     adjusted
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     These
                     movements
                     going
                     with
                     weights
                     must
                     be
                     brought
                     to
                     keep
                     true
                     time
                     by
                     adding
                     to
                     or
                     diminishing
                     from
                     them
                     :
                     if
                     they
                     go
                     too
                     slow
                     you
                     must
                     add
                     thin
                     shifts
                     of
                     lead
                     to
                     the
                     weights
                     to
                     make
                     it
                     go
                     faster
                     ,
                     but
                     if
                     it
                     go
                     too
                     fast
                     then
                     you
                     must
                     diminish
                     the
                     weight
                     to
                     make
                     it
                     go
                     slower
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     ,
                     whensoever
                     
                     you
                     find
                     it
                     either
                     to
                     gain
                     or
                     loose
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     thus
                     ,
                     by
                     adding
                     or
                     diminishing
                     ,
                     rectifie
                     its
                     motion
                     :
                     note
                     that
                     these
                     Ballance
                     movements
                     are
                     exceedingly
                     subject
                     to
                     be
                     altered
                     by
                     the
                     change
                     of
                     weather
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     are
                     most
                     commonly
                     very
                     trou●lsome
                     to
                     keep
                     to
                     a
                     true
                     time
                     ,
                     except
                     they
                     are
                     your
                     pocket
                     watches
                     ,
                     which
                     by
                     reason
                     of
                     their
                     being
                     alwaies
                     kept
                     near
                     the
                     heat
                     of
                     a
                     mans
                     body
                     ,
                     are
                     less
                     sensible
                     of
                     the
                     alteration
                     of
                     Air
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     less
                     subject
                     to
                     be
                     varied
                     by
                     it
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   DIALOGVE
                   III.
                   Of
                   Pendulum
                   Clocks
                   ,
                   their
                   use
                   ,
                   right
                   managing
                   ,
                   and
                   true
                   adjusting
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     CHi
                     .
                  
                   
                     What
                     rules
                     give
                     you
                     for
                     the
                     right
                     ordering
                     of
                     the
                     pendulum
                     Clock
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Pendulum
                     Clock
                     being
                     the
                     most
                     perfect
                     ,
                     we
                     shall
                     deliver
                     the
                     
                     full
                     order
                     and
                     manner
                     of
                     true
                     keeping
                     it
                     ;
                     first
                     ,
                     after
                     you
                     have
                     fixed
                     it
                     to
                     the
                     place
                     where
                     it
                     is
                     to
                     stand
                     ,
                     you
                     must
                     give
                     motion
                     to
                     the
                     Pendulum
                     by
                     a
                     touch
                     of
                     your
                     finger
                     ,
                     for
                     it
                     will
                     not
                     move
                     of
                     it self
                     ,
                     but
                     must
                     be
                     set
                     one
                     vibrating
                     by
                     manual
                     operation
                     ,
                     when
                     the
                     Pendulum
                     is
                     in
                     motion
                     it
                     must
                     not
                     be
                     touch't
                     ,
                     for
                     that
                     will
                     settle
                     it
                     still
                     ,
                     and
                     keep
                     it
                     from
                     going
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     must
                     be
                     pulled
                     up
                     by
                     the
                     hind-most
                     line
                     of
                     the
                     counter
                     weight
                     .
                  
                   
                     It
                     must
                     by
                     no
                     means
                     be
                     Jogged
                     out
                     of
                     its
                     place
                     ,
                     or
                     beaten
                     a
                     wrye
                     ,
                     for
                     that
                     will
                     put
                     a
                     stop
                     to
                     the
                     motion
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     How
                     must
                     it
                     be
                     ordered
                     as
                     to
                     its
                     striking
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     same
                     way
                     that
                     the
                     other
                     Clocks
                     were
                     by
                     continual
                     lifting
                     up
                     of
                     the
                     locking
                     detent
                     ,
                     till
                     you
                     have
                     brought
                     the
                     striking
                     and
                     the
                     hour
                     together
                     ,
                     did
                     it
                     either
                     strike
                     too
                     much
                     or
                     too
                     little
                     ;
                     here
                     take
                     notice
                     that
                     the
                     locking
                     detent
                     is
                     on
                     the
                     right
                     side
                     of
                     the
                     Clock
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     go
                     with
                     one
                     
                     weight
                     ,
                     but
                     if
                     it
                     go
                     with
                     two
                     weights
                     then
                     the
                     locking
                     detent
                     is
                     commonly
                     on
                     the
                     left
                     side
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     is
                     in
                     ordinary
                     Ballance
                     Clocks
                     ;
                     for
                     the
                     Justening
                     of
                     the
                     Pendulum
                     ,
                     it
                     is
                     done
                     by
                     altering
                     the
                     Radius
                     thereof
                     ,
                     either
                     longer
                     or
                     shorter
                     ,
                     as
                     occasion
                     serveth
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     if
                     a
                     Pendulum
                     go
                     too
                     slow
                     you
                     must
                     ,
                     by
                     screwing
                     the
                     bob
                     from
                     you
                     ,
                     shorten
                     its
                     Radius
                     ,
                     which
                     makes
                     it
                     vibrate
                     oftner
                     and
                     go
                     faster
                     ,
                     but
                     if
                     it
                     goes
                     too
                     fast
                     then
                     you
                     must
                     screw
                     the
                     bob
                     lower
                     ,
                     by
                     turning
                     the
                     bob
                     towards
                     you
                     ,
                     which
                     makes
                     its
                     Radius
                     longer
                     ,
                     and
                     by
                     consequence
                     obligeth
                     it
                     to
                     go
                     slower
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi
                     ▪
                     
                  
                   
                     When
                     a
                     Pendulum
                     is
                     once
                     rectified
                     will
                     it
                     not
                     alter
                     like
                     the
                     Ballance
                     Clock
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     short
                     Pendulum
                     is
                     subject
                     to
                     some
                     alteration
                     ,
                     but
                     not
                     so
                     often
                     nor
                     Considerable
                     as
                     the
                     Ballance
                     :
                     upon
                     extream
                     foulness
                     they
                     have
                     been
                     observed
                     to
                     go
                     too
                     fast
                     (
                     contrary
                     to
                     the
                     custome
                     of
                     ●allance
                     work
                     ▪
                     who
                     is
                     th●n
                     subject
                     to
                     go
                     too
                     slow
                     )
                     the
                     reason
                     
                     of
                     its
                     thus
                     going
                     too
                     fast
                     when
                     foul
                     ,
                     is
                     the
                     choaking
                     of
                     the
                     pevets
                     with
                     dust
                     ,
                     which
                     hinder
                     the
                     motion
                     of
                     the
                     Pendulum
                     ,
                     and
                     restraineth
                     it
                     from
                     fetching
                     its
                     wonted
                     compass
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     the
                     Arch
                     of
                     its
                     recursion
                     being
                     shortened
                     it
                     must
                     needs
                     pass
                     it
                     in
                     lesser
                     time
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     by
                     consequence
                     gain
                     as
                     to
                     its
                     wonted
                     course
                     ;
                     of
                     which
                     more
                     may
                     be
                     understood
                     when
                     the
                     Pendulum
                     is
                     treated
                     of
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     Have
                     you
                     nothing
                     more
                     to
                     deliver
                     concerning
                     Pendulums
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     Nothing
                     more
                     concerning
                     these
                     ordinary
                     ones
                     ,
                     I
                     confess
                     ,
                     somthing
                     more
                     might
                     be
                     delivered
                     concerning
                     the
                     more
                     richer
                     kinds
                     ,
                     but
                     it
                     being
                     so
                     hard
                     to
                     teach
                     by
                     precept
                     without
                     example
                     ,
                     that
                     I
                     shall
                     forbear
                     .
                     However
                     what
                     hath
                     before
                     been
                     delivered
                     is
                     of
                     good
                     use
                     in
                     their
                     managment
                     ,
                     as
                     to
                     the
                     matter
                     of
                     adjusting
                     and
                     setting
                     them
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     Is
                     the
                     long
                     pendulum
                     subject
                     to
                     variation
                     as
                     the
                     short
                     one
                     is
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     No
                     ;
                     being
                     once
                     brought
                     to
                     a
                     
                     true
                     time
                     it
                     alwaies
                     keeps
                     it
                     ,
                     for
                     it
                     moveth
                     in
                     so
                     small
                     an
                     arch
                     ,
                     that
                     t
                     is
                     unpossible
                     for
                     it
                     to
                     move
                     less
                     without
                     standing
                     ,
                     and
                     more
                     it
                     cannot
                     being
                     impeded
                     by
                     the
                     work
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     being
                     confined
                     that
                     it
                     cannot
                     remove
                     more
                     or
                     less
                     from
                     its
                     center
                     of
                     gravity
                     ,
                     it
                     must
                     needs
                     keep
                     a
                     certain
                     motion
                     as
                     to
                     it self
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     But
                     t
                     is
                     observed
                     that
                     they
                     vary
                     many
                     times
                     from
                     the
                     Sun
                     ,
                     how
                     can
                     this
                     be
                     but
                     from
                     the
                     Pendulum
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     I
                     confess
                     there
                     is
                     some
                     small
                     difference
                     many
                     times
                     between
                     them
                     and
                     the
                     sun
                     ,
                     but
                     this
                     is
                     not
                     from
                     the
                     Pemdulum
                     but
                     from
                     other
                     causes
                     which
                     shall
                     be
                     treated
                     of
                     when
                     I
                     shall
                     discourse
                     the
                     inequality
                     of
                     time
                     and
                     refractions
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   DIALOGVE
                   IV.
                   Of
                   Quarter
                   Repeating
                   ,
                   and
                   Chime
                   Clocks
                   ,
                   their
                   use
                   and
                   management
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     CHi
                     .
                  
                   
                     May
                     there
                     be
                     any
                     rules
                     given
                     for
                     the
                     setting
                     ,
                     and
                     keeping
                     in
                     order
                     these
                     motions
                     ,
                     or
                     may
                     their
                     use
                     be
                     known
                     without
                     experience
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     use
                     of
                     Quarter
                     Clocks
                     is
                     ,
                     not
                     onely
                     to
                     strike
                     the
                     full
                     hour
                     on
                     a
                     bell
                     ,
                     but
                     also
                     to
                     strike
                     at
                     the
                     end
                     of
                     every
                     Quarter
                     of
                     an
                     hour
                     ,
                     so
                     many
                     blows
                     on
                     a
                     smaller
                     bell
                     as
                     are
                     sufficient
                     to
                     express
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     Quarters
                     that
                     have
                     passed
                     since
                     the
                     hour
                     last
                     struck
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     Do
                     they
                     strike
                     on
                     one
                     bell
                     onely
                     or
                     on
                     more
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     They
                     are
                     made
                     many
                     times
                     to
                     strike
                     the
                     Quarters
                     on
                     more
                     bells
                     then
                     one
                     ,
                     as
                     many
                     times
                     on
                     2
                     ,
                     3
                     ,
                     4
                     ,
                     5
                     ,
                     or
                     6.
                     but
                     let
                     them
                     strike
                     on
                     never
                     so
                     many
                     
                     they
                     must
                     strike
                     them
                     over
                     as
                     many
                     times
                     each
                     quarter
                     ,
                     as
                     there
                     are
                     quarters
                     passed
                     since
                     the
                     striking
                     of
                     the
                     last
                     hour
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     How
                     doth
                     the
                     repeating
                     Clock
                     strike
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     They
                     not
                     only
                     strike
                     the
                     hour
                     and
                     quarter
                     ,
                     but
                     also
                     ,
                     immediately
                     after
                     the
                     striking
                     of
                     each
                     quarter
                     ,
                     it
                     repeats
                     or
                     strikes
                     over
                     again
                     ,
                     on
                     a
                     different
                     bell
                     ,
                     the
                     last
                     hour
                     that
                     was
                     strucken
                     ,
                     by
                     which
                     you
                     are
                     given
                     to
                     understand
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     1
                     ,
                     2
                     ,
                     or
                     3
                     quarters
                     past
                     that
                     hour
                     which
                     was
                     repeated
                     ;
                     this
                     Clock
                     is
                     of
                     excellent
                     use
                     for
                     the
                     night
                     .
                  
                   
                     There
                     is
                     another
                     sort
                     of
                     repeating
                     Clocks
                     ,
                     which
                     differs
                     much
                     from
                     this
                     before
                     spoken
                     of
                     ,
                     the
                     quarters
                     and
                     repeating
                     ,
                     being
                     both
                     performed
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     ,
                     and
                     on
                     the
                     same
                     bells
                     ;
                     it
                     strikes
                     the
                     quarters
                     on
                     three
                     bells
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     hour
                     bell
                     never
                     strikes
                     above
                     six
                     :
                     to
                     understand
                     the
                     striking
                     of
                     this
                     Clock
                     you
                     must
                     observe
                     this
                     rule
                     .
                     Look
                     on
                     how
                     many
                     quarter
                     bells
                     it
                     strikes
                     whether
                     on
                     1
                     ,
                     2
                     ,
                     or
                     3
                     ,
                     for
                     so
                     
                     many
                     quarters
                     are
                     passed
                     since
                     the
                     strikeing
                     of
                     the
                     last
                     hour
                     ,
                     as
                     if
                     it
                     strike
                     on
                     one
                     bell
                     ,
                     then
                     one
                     quarter
                     is
                     passed
                     ;
                     if
                     on
                     two
                     bells
                     ,
                     then
                     two
                     quarters
                     are
                     passed
                     ,
                     if
                     on
                     three
                     bells
                     ,
                     three
                     quarters
                     are
                     passed
                     :
                     then
                     again
                     ,
                     look
                     how
                     many
                     times
                     it
                     strikes
                     on
                     any
                     number
                     of
                     the
                     aforesaid
                     three
                     bells
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     the
                     hour
                     that
                     was
                     strucken
                     last
                     ;
                     as
                     suppose
                     it
                     strike
                     five
                     times
                     on
                     two
                     bells
                     ,
                     this
                     signifies
                     its
                     two
                     quarters
                     past
                     five
                     or
                     eleven
                     as
                     the
                     time
                     is
                     ,
                     again
                     suppose
                     it
                     strike
                     six
                     times
                     one
                     three
                     bells
                     ,
                     this
                     signifies
                     its
                     three
                     quarters
                     past
                     fix
                     or
                     twelve
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     time
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     I
                     understand
                     not
                     the
                     meaning
                     of
                     its
                     striking
                     six
                     or
                     twelve
                     ,
                     or
                     eleven
                     or
                     five
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     meaning
                     is
                     this
                     ,
                     the
                     Clock
                     never
                     striking
                     but
                     six
                     ,
                     is
                     the
                     cause
                     that
                     at
                     seven
                     of
                     the
                     Clock
                     in
                     the
                     morning
                     it
                     strikes
                     but
                     one
                     ;
                     at
                     eight
                     ,
                     two
                     ;
                     and
                     at
                     nine
                     three
                     ;
                     at
                     ten
                     ,
                     four
                     ;
                     at
                     eleven
                     ,
                     five
                     ;
                     and
                     at
                     twelve
                     ,
                     six
                     ;
                     which
                     every
                     one
                     that
                     hath
                     common
                     sence
                     cannot
                     imagine
                     to
                     be
                     six
                     at
                     morning
                     ,
                     or
                     six
                     at
                     
                     evening
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     must
                     needs
                     be
                     the
                     next
                     extream
                     from
                     six
                     ,
                     viz
                     ,
                     twelve
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     How
                     are
                     these
                     quarter
                     and
                     repeating
                     Clocks
                     to
                     be
                     managed
                     in
                     their
                     setting
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     Only
                     by
                     the
                     successive
                     striking
                     them
                     round
                     by
                     lifting
                     up
                     their
                     locking
                     detents
                     so
                     often
                     ,
                     till
                     each
                     part
                     agreeth
                     with
                     the
                     other
                     in
                     the
                     performance
                     of
                     its
                     office
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     By
                     what
                     means
                     may
                     these
                     detents
                     be
                     known
                     ,
                     or
                     how
                     shall
                     we
                     find
                     them
                     ,
                     when
                     there
                     may
                     be
                     occasion
                     to
                     make
                     use
                     of
                     them
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     To
                     write
                     of
                     these
                     things
                     is
                     but
                     in
                     vain
                     ,
                     for
                     't
                     is
                     unpossible
                     (
                     where
                     there
                     is
                     such
                     variety
                     )
                     to
                     give
                     certain
                     and
                     general
                     directions
                     your
                     ,
                     best
                     knowledg
                     herein
                     will
                     be
                     from
                     experience
                     and
                     the
                     assistance
                     of
                     one
                     well
                     instructed
                     therein
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   DIALOGUE
                   V.
                   Certain
                   cases
                   to
                   be
                   observed
                   in
                   all
                   Clocks
                   generally
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     CHi
                     .
                  
                   
                     How
                     often
                     do
                     Clocks
                     require
                     to
                     be
                     cleansed
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     All
                     Clocks
                     ought
                     once
                     every
                     year
                     to
                     be
                     cleansed
                     from
                     the
                     filth
                     and
                     dirt
                     they
                     have
                     contracted
                     :
                     they
                     ought
                     likewise
                     to
                     be
                     once
                     or
                     twice
                     oyled
                     between
                     each
                     cleansing
                     ,
                     for
                     when
                     the
                     pevets
                     are
                     once
                     grown
                     dry
                     they
                     wear
                     four
                     times
                     as
                     fast
                     as
                     otherwise
                     they
                     would
                     do
                     ,
                     if
                     they
                     were
                     kept
                     moist
                     with
                     a
                     little
                     clean
                     oyle
                     ,
                     and
                     are
                     likewise
                     then
                     most
                     subject
                     to
                     standing
                     still
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     Is
                     not
                     air
                     and
                     dust
                     very
                     Injurious
                     to
                     a
                     Clock
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     Yes
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     all
                     Clocks
                     in
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     their
                     going
                     ,
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     kept
                     as
                     free
                     as
                     possible
                     from
                     both
                     ,
                     the
                     one
                     will
                     be
                     apt
                     to
                     canker
                     and
                     
                     rust
                     it
                     ,
                     the
                     other
                     will
                     exceedingly
                     clog
                     and
                     soul
                     it
                     ,
                     therefore
                     to
                     avoid
                     one
                     ill
                     convenience
                     in
                     part
                     ,
                     let
                     those
                     Clocks
                     that
                     move
                     with
                     lines
                     ,
                     be
                     sure
                     to
                     be
                     alwaies
                     sitted
                     with
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     sound
                     and
                     good
                     ,
                     for
                     when
                     once
                     the
                     lines
                     of
                     a
                     Clock
                     begin
                     to
                     grow
                     any
                     whit
                     worn
                     they
                     foul
                     a
                     Clock
                     exceedingly
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     'T
                     is
                     certain
                     I
                     have
                     known
                     Clocks
                     that
                     for
                     two
                     or
                     three
                     years
                     have
                     gone
                     well
                     without
                     either
                     cleaning
                     or
                     lining
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     This
                     is
                     likewise
                     my
                     experience
                     ,
                     having
                     know●
                     the
                     like
                     both
                     in
                     Clocks
                     and
                     Watches
                     ,
                     but
                     this
                     was
                     commonly
                     the
                     event
                     ,
                     that
                     when
                     they
                     were
                     forced
                     to
                     make
                     them
                     clean
                     they
                     never
                     went
                     well
                     after
                     ,
                     for
                     going
                     dry
                     so
                     long
                     without
                     oyl
                     ,
                     they
                     were
                     so
                     extreamly
                     worne
                     ,
                     that
                     t
                     was
                     unpossible
                     they
                     should
                     go
                     longer
                     .
                  
                   
                     This
                     I
                     fear
                     will
                     be
                     the
                     fate
                     of
                     those
                     long
                     swing
                     eight
                     day
                     Pendulums
                     ,
                     so
                     much
                     at
                     this
                     day
                     celebrated
                     ,
                     for
                     so
                     long
                     as
                     they
                     keep
                     going
                     well
                     other
                     things
                     are
                     
                     not
                     considered
                     ,
                     nor
                     no
                     regard
                     is
                     had
                     to
                     those
                     things
                     that
                     should
                     continue
                     them
                     in
                     that
                     placide
                     estate
                     of
                     motion
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     Which
                     way
                     must
                     the
                     hand
                     be
                     turned
                     when
                     we
                     set
                     either
                     Clock
                     or
                     watch
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     When
                     you
                     set
                     your
                     pocket
                     watches
                     to
                     the
                     hour
                     your
                     best
                     way
                     is
                     to
                     move
                     your
                     hand
                     backward
                     (
                     or
                     contrary
                     to
                     the
                     succession
                     of
                     the
                     figures
                     )
                     but
                     if
                     your
                     movement
                     be
                     a
                     Clock
                     then
                     you
                     must
                     not
                     turn
                     it
                     thus
                     backward
                     as
                     you
                     do
                     a
                     watch
                     ,
                     because
                     it
                     will
                     indanger
                     the
                     spoiling
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     but
                     strike
                     it
                     forward
                     from
                     hour
                     to
                     hour
                     ,
                     till
                     you
                     come
                     to
                     the
                     time
                     you
                     would
                     set
                     it
                     at
                     ,
                     then
                     when
                     you
                     have
                     so
                     done
                     put
                     it
                     som●thing
                     past
                     the
                     time
                     you
                     would
                     set
                     it
                     to
                     ,
                     and
                     then
                     bring
                     it
                     back
                     again
                     to
                     the
                     true
                     time
                     :
                     as
                     if
                     your
                     Clock
                     were
                     down
                     ,
                     and
                     your
                     and
                     stood
                     at
                     eight
                     ,
                     and
                     you
                     were
                     to
                     set
                     it
                     at
                     a
                     quarter
                     past
                     eleven
                     ;
                     to
                     do
                     this
                     strike
                     your
                     Clock
                     gradually
                     from
                     eight
                     to
                     nine
                     ,
                     and
                     from
                     nine
                     to
                     ten
                     ,
                     and
                     from
                     ten
                     to
                     eleven
                     ;
                     then
                     ,
                     to
                     
                     set
                     it
                     at
                     a
                     quarter
                     past
                     eleven
                     ,
                     turn
                     it
                     to
                     half
                     an
                     hour
                     past
                     ,
                     and
                     then
                     bring
                     it
                     back
                     to
                     a
                     quarter
                     or
                     the
                     true
                     time
                     .
                     The
                     reason
                     of
                     this
                     advise
                     is
                     ,
                     because
                     ,
                     if
                     you
                     put
                     it
                     forward
                     when
                     you
                     set
                     the
                     hand
                     ,
                     it
                     will
                     stand
                     still
                     ,
                     for
                     as
                     long
                     time
                     as
                     the
                     shaking
                     or
                     playing
                     thereof
                     contains
                     in
                     time
                     on
                     the
                     dial
                     ring
                     .
                     I
                     have
                     known
                     the
                     hand
                     of
                     some
                     Clocks
                     and
                     Watches
                     ,
                     that
                     have
                     played
                     forward
                     and
                     backward
                     above
                     a
                     quarter
                     of
                     an
                     hour
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     long
                     will
                     they
                     stand
                     still
                     ,
                     and
                     not
                     move
                     the
                     needle
                     ,
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     newly
                     set
                     ,
                     by
                     turning
                     the
                     hand
                     forward
                     ,
                     whereas
                     ,
                     if
                     according
                     to
                     this
                     direction
                     ,
                     you
                     put
                     it
                     backward
                     ,
                     it
                     will
                     move
                     immediately
                     with
                     the
                     rest
                     of
                     the
                     work
                     :
                     the
                     not
                     understanding
                     of
                     this
                     hath
                     bread
                     great
                     mistakes
                     between
                     many
                     a
                     gentleman
                     and
                     his
                     Watch.
                     
                  
                   
                     Observe
                     also
                     to
                     set
                     your
                     Watch
                     continually
                     by
                     one
                     Sun-dial
                     ,
                     because
                     't
                     is
                     seldome
                     known
                     that
                     two
                     Sun-dials
                     go
                     true
                     together
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     ,
                     if
                     you
                     set
                     it
                     sometimes
                     by
                     one
                     ,
                     and
                     sometimes
                     by
                     another
                     ,
                     you
                     will
                     never
                     know
                     when
                     
                     your
                     Watch
                     or
                     Clock
                     goeth
                     right
                     .
                     Also
                     observe
                     further
                     to
                     set
                     it
                     (
                     if
                     possible
                     )
                     always
                     to
                     one
                     hour
                     on
                     the
                     same
                     dial
                     ;
                     because
                     many
                     times
                     the
                     hour-lines
                     give
                     not
                     true
                     time
                     alike
                     ,
                     which
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     should
                     thus
                     happen
                     ,
                     yet
                     setting
                     it
                     always
                     at
                     one
                     hour
                     ,
                     will
                     prevent
                     all
                     mistakes
                     ,
                     or
                     at
                     least
                     all
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     sensible
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     What
                     must
                     be
                     observed
                     when
                     Clocks
                     or
                     Watches
                     want
                     cleansing
                     or
                     repairing
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     They
                     must
                     observe
                     and
                     be
                     careful
                     to
                     send
                     it
                     to
                     a
                     workman
                     ,
                     and
                     not
                     bring
                     the
                     Workman
                     to
                     it
                     :
                     many
                     Gentlemen
                     are
                     of
                     this
                     humour
                     ,
                     that
                     when
                     they
                     have
                     a
                     Clock
                     or
                     such
                     like
                     that
                     wants
                     cleaning
                     or
                     mending
                     ,
                     the
                     workman
                     must
                     come
                     to
                     their
                     houses
                     to
                     do
                     it
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     a
                     great
                     mistake
                     ,
                     for
                     t
                     is
                     impossible
                     for
                     a
                     workman
                     when
                     he
                     is
                     from
                     his
                     tools
                     to
                     perform
                     his
                     business
                     so
                     exquisitly
                     as
                     otherwise
                     he
                     might
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     they
                     that
                     desire
                     this
                     are
                     certain
                     to
                     have
                     their
                     business
                     never
                     well
                     done
                     .
                  
                   
                     I
                     would
                     also
                     advise
                     all
                     persons
                     whatsoever
                     
                     whose
                     Clocks
                     or
                     Watches
                     want
                     reparations
                     ,
                     that
                     they
                     give
                     sufficient
                     time
                     after
                     they
                     are
                     cleansed
                     or
                     mended
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     work-man
                     truly
                     to
                     adjust
                     them
                     ,
                     for
                     there
                     is
                     no
                     man
                     that
                     can
                     say
                     ,
                     when
                     he
                     hath
                     mended
                     either
                     Clock
                     or
                     Watch
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     ▪
                     shall
                     go
                     true
                     ,
                     and
                     perform
                     well
                     ,
                     till
                     he
                     have
                     by
                     sufficient
                     tryal
                     proved
                     it
                     and
                     adjusted
                     it
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     Is
                     it
                     considerable
                     whether
                     or
                     no
                     we
                     keep
                     a
                     true
                     time
                     in
                     winding
                     up
                     Watches
                     or
                     Clock●
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     Not
                     at
                     all
                     ▪
                     you
                     may
                     wind
                     them
                     up
                     at
                     what
                     time
                     you
                     please
                     ,
                     or
                     as
                     often
                     as
                     you
                     please
                     ,
                     it
                     matters
                     not
                     ;
                     only
                     observe
                     in
                     Watches
                     ,
                     and
                     other
                     spring
                     movements
                     to
                     wind
                     them
                     till
                     they
                     stop
                     ,
                     and
                     not
                     give
                     over
                     till
                     you
                     wi●d
                     them
                     wholly
                     up
                     ;
                     for
                     if
                     you
                     do
                     ,
                     you
                     may
                     chance
                     to
                     find
                     alteration
                     in
                     their
                     motion
                     ;
                     for
                     the
                     spring
                     ,
                     when
                     first
                     wound
                     up
                     ,
                     draws
                     harder
                     then
                     be
                     doth
                     when
                     he
                     is
                     somewhat
                     settled
                     ,
                     and
                     if
                     this
                     happen
                     in
                     any
                     place
                     of
                     the
                     fuzey
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     not
                     diminished
                     proportionable
                     
                     to
                     this
                     impetuous
                     ,
                     it
                     must
                     needs
                     cause
                     variation
                     in
                     the
                     motion
                     .
                  
                   
                     These
                     are
                     the
                     most
                     necessary
                     ,
                     and
                     chief
                     directions
                     ,
                     that
                     can
                     be
                     given
                     in
                     writing
                     ,
                     or
                     that
                     can
                     be
                     apprehended
                     without
                     example
                     ;
                     nevertheless
                     ,
                     whosoever
                     is
                     Master
                     of
                     either
                     Clocks
                     or
                     Watches
                     ,
                     shall
                     certainly
                     find
                     great
                     benefit
                     by
                     what
                     hath
                     been
                     here
                     delivered
                     ,
                     if
                     he
                     be
                     careful
                     to
                     observe
                     them
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     though
                     the
                     rules
                     ,
                     here
                     delivered
                     in
                     this
                     second
                     part
                     ,
                     are
                     not
                     so
                     full
                     and
                     general
                     as
                     might
                     be
                     expected
                     ,
                     yet
                     they
                     are
                     as
                     full
                     as
                     I
                     thought
                     convenient
                     ;
                     for
                     I
                     did
                     consider
                     that
                     every
                     one
                     ,
                     that
                     make
                     use
                     of
                     Clocks
                     or
                     Watches
                     ,
                     knows
                     also
                     how
                     to
                     manage
                     them
                     ,
                     as
                     to
                     the
                     common
                     rules
                     thereunto
                     belonging
                     ,
                     and
                     therefore
                     I
                     did
                     think
                     it
                     needless
                     to
                     insert
                     those
                     things
                     that
                     are
                     already
                     so
                     commonly
                     known
                     ,
                     only
                     I
                     did
                     give
                     a
                     little
                     touch
                     of
                     some
                     of
                     them
                     (
                     that
                     are
                     most
                     material
                     )
                     for
                     m●thods
                     sake
                     :
                     for
                     the
                     First
                     and
                     Third
                     parts
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Appendix
                     ,
                     was
                     that
                     which
                     
                     I
                     chiefly
                     designed
                     ,
                     and
                     may
                     be
                     worth
                     the
                     reading
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     be
                     done
                     with
                     consideration
                     ;
                     for
                     they
                     contain
                     those
                     things
                     that
                     are
                     known
                     ,
                     but
                     to
                     a
                     very
                     few
                     ,
                     and
                     perhaps
                     not
                     rightly
                     understood
                     by
                     some
                     of
                     them
                     ,
                     so
                     as
                     to
                     apply
                     them
                     to
                     use
                     and
                     benefit
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 The
                 End
                 of
                 the
                 Second
                 Part.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 HOROLOGICAL
                 DIALOGVES
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Third
                 Part.
                 
              
               
                 
                   DIALOGVE
                   1.
                   
                   Of
                   the
                   inequality
                   of
                   time
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   Artificial
                   motions
                   :
                   the
                   mature
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   their
                   times
                   of
                   erring
                   with
                   the
                   quantity
                   of
                   their
                   error
                   ,
                   from
                   whence
                   several
                   conclusions
                   are
                   drawn
                   in
                   reference
                   to
                   Clocks
                
                 
                   
                     CHi
                     .
                  
                   
                     What
                     is
                     the
                     inequality
                     of
                     time
                     and
                     wherin
                     doth
                     it
                     consist
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     inequality
                     of
                     time
                     consisteth
                     not
                     in
                     the
                     unequal
                     length
                     of
                     days
                     natural
                     but
                     in
                     
                     the
                     unequal
                     length
                     of
                     hours
                     ,
                     as
                     given
                     on
                     a
                     Sun-dial
                     which
                     is
                     a
                     thing
                     little
                     sought
                     after
                     ,
                     and
                     less
                     understood
                     by
                     those
                     whom
                     it
                     most
                     nearly
                     concerns
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     This
                     is
                     a
                     thing
                     I
                     never
                     before
                     heard
                     of
                     ,
                     nor
                     can
                     at
                     present
                     understand
                     ,
                     how
                     the
                     hours
                     given
                     can
                     be
                     one
                     longer
                     then
                     another
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     how
                     the
                     shadow
                     on
                     a
                     Sundial
                     can
                     be
                     longer
                     time
                     in
                     passing
                     from
                     one
                     hour
                     to
                     another
                     at
                     one
                     time
                     of
                     the
                     year
                     ,
                     then
                     it
                     is
                     at
                     another
                     ,
                     for
                     my
                     part
                     I
                     never
                     observed
                     it
                     ,
                     nor
                     cannot
                     imagine
                     which
                     way
                     to
                     do
                     it
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     There
                     is
                     no
                     way
                     possible
                     to
                     observe
                     it
                     ,
                     but
                     by
                     an
                     exact
                     Clock
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     regulated
                     by
                     a
                     large
                     Pendulum
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     What
                     is
                     the
                     reason
                     of
                     this
                     inequality
                     of
                     time
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     In
                     giving
                     the
                     reason
                     or
                     cause
                     there
                     is
                     great
                     difference
                     ,
                     some
                     make
                     the
                     reason
                     of
                     it
                     to
                     be
                     the
                     obliquity
                     of
                     the
                     Zodiack
                     ,
                     wherein
                     the
                     Sun
                     moveth
                     ;
                     others
                     make
                     the
                     difference
                     between
                     the
                     Suns
                     true
                     longitude
                     ,
                     and
                     his
                     right
                     ascention
                     to
                     be
                     the
                     absolute
                     cause
                     ,
                     others
                     make
                     the
                     unequal
                     motion
                     of
                     the
                     Sun
                     in
                     the
                     
                     Zodiack
                     to
                     be
                     the
                     cause
                     (
                     which
                     I
                     incline
                     to
                     )
                     but
                     the
                     cause
                     of
                     this
                     cause
                     ,
                     I
                     suppose
                     ,
                     all
                     are
                     ignorant
                     of
                     ,
                     because
                     God
                     in
                     his
                     word
                     never
                     revealed
                     it
                     ,
                     and
                     for
                     any
                     other
                     way
                     of
                     knowing
                     it
                     ,
                     I
                     suppose
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     so
                     far
                     from
                     our
                     attainment
                     that
                     the
                     wisdome
                     of
                     the
                     best
                     Astronomer
                     will
                     in
                     this
                     prove
                     but
                     foolishness
                     ,
                     however
                     they
                     may
                     otherwise
                     pretend
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     What
                     reason
                     have
                     you
                     to
                     believe
                     the
                     Suns
                     unequal
                     Course
                     to
                     be
                     the
                     cause
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     Because
                     the
                     Sun
                     in
                     its
                     motion
                     through
                     the
                     Zodiack
                     passeth
                     equal
                     arches
                     in
                     unequal
                     times
                     ,
                     by
                     reason
                     of
                     its
                     swift
                     and
                     slow
                     motion
                     whereby
                     he
                     fulfilleth
                     his
                     course
                     from
                     Libra
                     to
                     Aries
                     in
                     178
                     days
                     (
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     winter
                     half-year
                     )
                     but
                     in
                     passing
                     from
                     Aries
                     to
                     Libra
                     he
                     takes
                     up
                     187
                     days
                     (
                     which
                     is
                     the
                     summer
                     half-year
                     )
                     being
                     nine
                     dayes
                     longer
                     in
                     passing
                     through
                     the
                     semi●cliptick
                     of
                     the
                     summer
                     ,
                     than
                     she
                     is
                     through
                     that
                     of
                     the
                     winter
                     ,
                     now
                     the
                     Sun
                     being
                     thus
                     swift
                     and
                     slow
                     in
                     motion
                     cannot
                     
                     give
                     a
                     true
                     and
                     constant
                     hour
                     by
                     its
                     shadow
                     one
                     a
                     Sundial
                     for
                     the
                     motion
                     of
                     the
                     primum
                     Mobil
                     finisheth
                     its
                     course
                     in
                     exact
                     times
                     ,
                     
                       i.
                       e.
                    
                     in
                     twenty
                     four
                     hours
                     which
                     well
                     agrees
                     with
                     the
                     Suns
                     mean
                     motion
                     near
                     the
                     equinoctial
                     ,
                     but
                     when
                     the
                     Sun
                     is
                     in
                     its
                     swift
                     motion
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     happeneth
                     when
                     inclining
                     to
                     the
                     winter
                     Tropick
                     ,
                     then
                     there
                     is
                     more
                     time
                     contained
                     in
                     twenty
                     four
                     hours
                     ,
                     as
                     given
                     on
                     a
                     dial
                     ,
                     then
                     there
                     was
                     in
                     the
                     equinoctial
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     by
                     consequence
                     every
                     perticular
                     hour
                     in
                     the
                     twenty
                     four
                     must
                     be
                     somewhat
                     longer
                     then
                     those
                     in
                     the
                     Aequator
                     :
                     but
                     when
                     she
                     happeneth
                     to
                     have
                     slow
                     motion
                     as
                     from
                     Aries
                     to
                     Libra
                     then
                     there
                     is
                     not
                     so
                     much
                     time
                     contained
                     in
                     twenty
                     four
                     hours
                     as
                     there
                     is
                     in
                     the
                     Aequator
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     by
                     consequence
                     every
                     hour
                     must
                     also
                     be
                     shorter
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     How
                     this
                     swift
                     and
                     slow
                     motion
                     of
                     the
                     Sun
                     should
                     c●use
                     this
                     inequality
                     in
                     time
                     I
                     cannot
                     well
                     understand
                     .
                  
                   
                     Suppose
                     there
                     were
                     on
                     an
                     instrument
                     
                     two
                     circles
                     drawn
                     concentrick
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     outmost
                     Circle
                     should
                     be
                     graduated
                     into
                     360
                     degrees
                     ,
                     and
                     every
                     degree
                     into
                     sixty
                     minuts
                     ,
                     and
                     suppose
                     that
                     upon
                     this
                     circle
                     thus
                     graduated
                     ,
                     there
                     should
                     some
                     certain
                     figure
                     move
                     ,
                     as
                     it
                     were
                     naturally
                     from
                     West
                     to
                     East
                     ,
                     which
                     in
                     Twenty
                     four
                     hours
                     should
                     move
                     almost
                     Fifty
                     nine
                     minutes
                     of
                     a
                     degree
                     ;
                     suppose
                     likewise
                     that
                     in
                     this
                     time
                     of
                     moving
                     Fifty
                     nine
                     minutes
                     ,
                     the
                     innermost
                     circle
                     should
                     compleatly
                     the
                     same
                     way
                     make
                     one
                     revolution
                     ,
                     and
                     should
                     continue
                     so
                     to
                     do
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     should
                     always
                     compleat
                     its
                     revolution
                     ,
                     within
                     it self
                     in
                     Twenty
                     four
                     hours
                     ,
                     in
                     which
                     time
                     the
                     other
                     moves
                     fifty
                     nine
                     minutes
                     of
                     a
                     degree
                     ;
                     then
                     suppose
                     this
                     figure
                     on
                     the
                     graduated
                     circle
                     should
                     increase
                     its
                     motion
                     ,
                     and
                     should
                     move
                     Sixty
                     one
                     minutes
                     of
                     a
                     degree
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     as
                     it
                     before
                     moved
                     but
                     Fifty
                     nine
                     ;
                     this
                     must
                     needs
                     cause
                     the
                     innermost
                     circle
                     (
                     who
                     before
                     in
                     twenty
                     four
                     hours
                     finished
                     its
                     course
                     from
                     one
                     conjunction
                     to
                     another
                     ,
                     when
                     the
                     figure
                     
                     moved
                     but
                     fifty
                     nine
                     in
                     twenty
                     four
                     hours
                     )
                     to
                     be
                     longer
                     time
                     now
                     ,
                     then
                     twenty
                     four
                     hours
                     ,
                     in
                     passing
                     from
                     one
                     conjunction
                     to
                     another
                     ,
                     because
                     the
                     figure
                     moveth
                     faster
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     by
                     consequence
                     ,
                     requires
                     more
                     time
                     to
                     be
                     overtaken
                     then
                     it
                     did
                     in
                     its
                     mean
                     motion
                     ,
                     the
                     same
                     reason
                     is
                     also
                     for
                     its
                     slow
                     motion
                     ;
                     for
                     if
                     the
                     figure
                     move
                     less
                     then
                     fifty
                     nine
                     (
                     as
                     suppose
                     fifty
                     eight
                     or
                     fifty
                     seven
                     minutes
                     )
                     there
                     is
                     less
                     time
                     required
                     for
                     the
                     prymoby
                     like
                     motion
                     of
                     the
                     innermost
                     circle
                     to
                     overtake
                     it
                     ,
                     then
                     twenty
                     four
                     hours
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     What
                     do
                     you
                     infer
                     from
                     hence
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     From
                     hence
                     we
                     may
                     infer
                     ,
                     that
                     if
                     the
                     hours
                     given
                     by
                     a
                     Sun-dial
                     ,
                     increase
                     or
                     decrease
                     in
                     length
                     ,
                     accord
                     ▪
                     to
                     the
                     slow
                     or
                     swift
                     motion
                     of
                     the
                     Sun
                     ,
                     that
                     then
                     t
                     is
                     impossible
                     for
                     the
                     most
                     exact
                     ▪
                     ●l●ck
                     that
                     ever
                     was
                     made
                     ,
                     to
                     keep
                     ●●●e
                     with
                     a
                     Sun-dial
                     ,
                     but
                     there
                     will
                     be
                     di●●erence
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     the
                     y●●r
                     ●●d
                     〈◊〉
                     of
                     the
                     ●u●
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Ch●
                     .
                  
                   
                     How
                     is
                     it
                     then
                     possible
                     to
                     
                     justen
                     a
                     Clock
                     ,
                     exactly
                     to
                     the
                     hour
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     T
                     is
                     possible
                     (
                     when
                     a
                     man
                     rightly
                     understands
                     the
                     course
                     of
                     the
                     Sun
                     )
                     to
                     justen
                     it
                     so
                     ,
                     as
                     that
                     if
                     it
                     be
                     set
                     to
                     a
                     Sun-dial
                     at
                     any
                     time
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     right
                     with
                     the
                     same
                     dial
                     that
                     time
                     twelve
                     month
                     ,
                     but
                     to
                     justen
                     it
                     so
                     as
                     to
                     keep
                     touch
                     with
                     a
                     dial
                     the
                     year
                     round
                     is
                     unpossible
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     At
                     what
                     time
                     will
                     they
                     differ
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     If
                     a
                     Pendulum
                     truely
                     adjusted
                     (
                     so
                     as
                     to
                     come
                     right
                     that
                     time
                     twelve
                     month
                     without
                     setting
                     )
                     be
                     set
                     to
                     the
                     hour
                     in
                     January
                     ,
                     it
                     shall
                     in
                     June
                     following
                     be
                     too
                     slow
                     by
                     the
                     same
                     dial
                     ;
                     if
                     it
                     be
                     set
                     in
                     June
                     to
                     the
                     hour
                     ,
                     in
                     January
                     following
                     ,
                     it
                     shall
                     be
                     too
                     fast
                     ,
                     but
                     if
                     it
                     be
                     let
                     go
                     the
                     year
                     round
                     ,
                     it
                     shall
                     in
                     one
                     half
                     year
                     gain
                     or
                     lose
                     what
                     it
                     lost
                     or
                     got
                     in
                     the
                     other
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     at
                     the
                     years
                     end
                     come
                     right
                     to
                     the
                     time
                     it
                     was
                     first
                     set
                     at
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     What
                     may
                     be
                     the
                     quantity
                     of
                     their
                     error
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     A●
                     
                  
                   
                     From
                     June
                     to
                     January
                     (
                     if
                     it
                     be
                     well
                     adjusted
                     )
                     twill
                     nevertheless
                     gain
                     about
                     forty
                     four
                     minutes
                     ,
                     or
                     almost
                     three
                     quarters
                     of
                     an
                     hour
                     ;
                     from
                     January
                     to
                     June
                     t
                     will
                     lose
                     near
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     ;
                     if
                     set
                     to
                     a
                     dial
                     in
                     March
                     ,
                     it
                     may
                     lose
                     by
                     June
                     something
                     above
                     a
                     quarter
                     of
                     an
                     hour
                     ,
                     viz
                     ,
                     twenty
                     two
                     minutes
                     ;
                     from
                     Iune
                     to
                     September
                     t
                     will
                     gain
                     as
                     much
                     and
                     come
                     right
                     again
                     ;
                     from
                     September
                     to
                     December
                     it
                     will
                     gain
                     about
                     twenty
                     two
                     minutes
                     ,
                     but
                     from
                     December
                     to
                     March
                     t
                     will
                     lose
                     it
                     and
                     come
                     right
                     again
                     ,
                     Whence
                     observe
                     that
                     Clocks
                     set
                     to
                     the
                     hour
                     ,
                     when
                     the
                     Sun
                     is
                     in
                     either
                     of
                     the
                     tropicks
                     ,
                     continues
                     gaining
                     and
                     losing
                     the
                     whole
                     year
                     round
                     ,
                     and
                     never
                     agree
                     with
                     the
                     same
                     dial
                     ,
                     till
                     that
                     time
                     twelve
                     month
                     :
                     but
                     if
                     they
                     are
                     set
                     when
                     the
                     Sun
                     is
                     in
                     either
                     of
                     the
                     equinoctial
                     points
                     ,
                     then
                     they
                     may
                     agree
                     with
                     the
                     same
                     dial
                     twice
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     or
                     year
                     ,
                     and
                     their
                     gaining
                     and
                     losing
                     will
                     never
                     be
                     so
                     extream
                     ,
                     as
                     when
                     set
                     in
                     the
                     
                     tropicks
                     ,
                     for
                     if
                     be
                     set
                     in
                     March
                     (
                     or
                     the
                     equinoctial
                     of
                     Aries
                     )
                     it
                     shall
                     have
                     lost
                     in
                     Iune
                     but
                     twenty
                     one
                     or
                     twenty
                     two
                     minutes
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     September
                     following
                     it
                     will
                     agree
                     with
                     the
                     same
                     dial
                     again
                     ,
                     from
                     thence
                     to
                     December
                     t
                     will
                     gain
                     as
                     much
                     ,
                     and
                     from
                     thence
                     to
                     March
                     it
                     will
                     lose
                     it
                     and
                     come
                     right
                     again
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     from
                     hence
                     we
                     may
                     likewise
                     conclude
                     that
                     those
                     Clocks
                     ,
                     which
                     go
                     to
                     a
                     quarter
                     of
                     an
                     hour
                     or
                     something
                     more
                     in
                     three
                     months
                     ,
                     are
                     the
                     nearest
                     that
                     can
                     be
                     brought
                     to
                     keep
                     true
                     time
                     with
                     the
                     Sun
                     ,
                     let
                     them
                     be
                     of
                     what
                     form
                     ,
                     kind
                     ,
                     or
                     price
                     soever
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     What
                     is
                     the
                     most
                     true
                     and
                     exact
                     way
                     of
                     justening
                     Clocks
                     by
                     the
                     Sun
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     If
                     you
                     would
                     justen
                     a
                     Clock
                     exactly
                     to
                     the
                     Sun
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     a
                     twelve
                     month
                     after
                     it
                     may
                     agree
                     with
                     the
                     same
                     dial
                     (
                     if
                     set
                     when
                     the
                     Sun
                     is
                     in
                     the
                     tropicks
                     ,
                     or
                     agree
                     with
                     the
                     same
                     dial
                     twice
                     in
                     the
                     year
                     ,
                     when
                     set
                     in
                     the
                     equinoctials
                     )
                     do
                     thus
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     equinox
                     of
                     March
                     let
                     it
                     be
                     set
                     to
                     a
                     true
                     
                     dial
                     that
                     sheweth
                     minutes
                     ,
                     and
                     when
                     the
                     Sun
                     is
                     in
                     the
                     meridian
                     ;
                     then
                     in
                     Iune
                     following
                     observe
                     the
                     difference
                     between
                     your
                     Clock
                     and
                     dial
                     ,
                     which
                     if
                     it
                     be
                     about
                     twenty
                     two
                     minutes
                     too
                     slow
                     then
                     conclude
                     it
                     goeth
                     well
                     ▪
                     but
                     if
                     it
                     be
                     more
                     then
                     twenty
                     two
                     minutes
                     or
                     less
                     ,
                     then
                     you
                     must
                     rectifie
                     it
                     accordingly
                     ,
                     as
                     hath
                     been
                     formerly
                     taught
                     ,
                     and
                     thus
                     you
                     may
                     rectifie
                     it
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     any
                     other
                     time
                     ,
                     if
                     you
                     consider
                     the
                     difference
                     that
                     happeneth
                     after
                     so
                     many
                     months
                     going
                     ,
                     from
                     any
                     time
                     of
                     setting
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   DIALOGVE
                   II.
                   Of
                   Refractions
                   what
                   it
                   is
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   it
                   happeneth
                   ,
                   with
                   several
                   conclusions
                   drawn
                   from
                   it
                   ,
                   in
                   reference
                   to
                   Clocks
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     CHi
                     .
                  
                   
                     What
                     is
                     the
                     refraction
                     of
                     the
                     Suns
                     beams
                     ,
                     and
                     how
                     is
                     it
                     caused
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     Refraction
                     of
                     the
                     Sun
                     is
                     when
                     
                     she
                     appeareth
                     higher
                     in
                     altitude
                     then
                     indeed
                     she
                     is
                     ,
                     and
                     is
                     caused
                     by
                     the
                     moist
                     and
                     humid
                     vapours
                     which
                     continually
                     arise
                     from
                     off
                     the
                     earth
                     ,
                     which
                     naturally
                     do
                     represent
                     all
                     things
                     ,
                     that
                     are
                     seen
                     through
                     them
                     ,
                     to
                     be
                     larger
                     in
                     bulk
                     and
                     higher
                     in
                     altitude
                     then
                     indeed
                     they
                     really
                     are
                     ,
                     this
                     makes
                     the
                     Sun
                     ,
                     Moon
                     ,
                     and
                     Stars
                     ▪
                     when
                     they
                     first
                     arise
                     ,
                     to
                     appear
                     so
                     large
                     in
                     magnitude
                     ,
                     which
                     continually
                     diminisheth
                     according
                     as
                     they
                     ascend
                     above
                     the
                     horizon
                     ,
                     till
                     being
                     elevated
                     above
                     all
                     vap●urs
                     ,
                     they
                     are
                     again
                     reduced
                     in
                     our
                     appearance
                     to
                     their
                     natuaral
                     magnitude
                     ,
                     and
                     as
                     those
                     vapours
                     make
                     them
                     appear
                     to
                     us
                     of
                     greater
                     bulk
                     and
                     magnitude
                     then
                     otherwise
                     they
                     would
                     ,
                     so
                     they
                     cause
                     them
                     also
                     to
                     appear
                     higher
                     in
                     altitude
                     :
                     so
                     that
                     we
                     see
                     the
                     sun
                     visibly
                     risen
                     before
                     she
                     is
                     naturally
                     above
                     the
                     horizon
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     How
                     is
                     this
                     proved
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     It
                     may
                     be
                     proved
                     thus
                     :
                     take
                     an
                     Horizontal
                     Dial
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     large
                     and
                     truly
                     drawn
                     ,
                     place
                     it
                     exactly
                     in
                     its
                     
                     true
                     position
                     ,
                     which
                     having
                     done
                     ,
                     let
                     a
                     Pendulum
                     Clock
                     ,
                     that
                     keepeth
                     true
                     time
                     ,
                     be
                     (
                     about
                     twelve
                     of
                     the
                     Clock
                     )
                     set
                     exactly
                     to
                     it
                     ;
                     the
                     next
                     morning
                     ,
                     if
                     the
                     Sun
                     shine
                     ,
                     observe
                     how
                     they
                     agree
                     ,
                     and
                     you
                     shall
                     find
                     that
                     at
                     the
                     first
                     rising
                     of
                     the
                     Sun
                     there
                     will
                     be
                     much
                     difference
                     ,
                     which
                     will
                     by
                     little
                     and
                     little
                     diminish
                     ,
                     according
                     as
                     the
                     Sun
                     gets
                     above
                     the
                     strength
                     of
                     those
                     vapours
                     ,
                     till
                     at
                     last
                     they
                     come
                     exactly
                     together
                     ,
                     which
                     could
                     not
                     be
                     ,
                     if
                     her
                     altitude
                     were
                     not
                     by
                     these
                     refractions
                     ,
                     made
                     apparently
                     higher
                     than
                     her
                     true
                     place
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     What
                     conclusions
                     may
                     be
                     drawn
                     from
                     hence
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     Since
                     it
                     is
                     so
                     that
                     those
                     vapors
                     make
                     the
                     Sun
                     at
                     his
                     rising
                     or
                     setting
                     to
                     appear
                     higher
                     to
                     us
                     than
                     naturally
                     she
                     is
                     ,
                     this
                     must
                     by
                     consequence
                     give
                     a
                     false
                     shaddow
                     on
                     all
                     Sun-dials
                     ,
                     both
                     at
                     its
                     rising
                     and
                     setting
                     ,
                     because
                     the
                     hour
                     lines
                     drawn
                     on
                     Sun-dials
                     ,
                     are
                     designed
                     to
                     receive
                     the
                     shaddow
                     of
                     the
                     Sun
                     from
                     its
                     true
                     place
                     ,
                     and
                     not
                     from
                     his
                     appatient
                     ;
                     and
                     so
                     by
                     consequence
                     all
                     
                     Dials
                     whatsoever
                     cannot
                     at
                     those
                     times
                     give
                     the
                     true
                     hour
                     ,
                     because
                     they
                     receive
                     not
                     their
                     shaddow
                     from
                     the
                     Suns
                     true
                     place
                     ,
                     but
                     from
                     his
                     apparient
                     ;
                     therefore
                     if
                     your
                     Watches
                     and
                     Clocks
                     agree
                     not
                     with
                     your
                     Dial
                     ,
                     you
                     are
                     not
                     to
                     conclude
                     the
                     fault
                     to
                     be
                     in
                     their
                     motion
                     (
                     if
                     they
                     have
                     gone
                     well
                     before
                     )
                     but
                     in
                     the
                     refracted
                     shining
                     of
                     the
                     Sun.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     What
                     altitude
                     may
                     the
                     Sun
                     attain
                     before
                     we
                     may
                     put
                     confidence
                     in
                     a
                     Sun-dial
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     For
                     this
                     I
                     shall
                     give
                     you
                     a
                     Table
                     made
                     by
                     my
                     observation
                     as
                     near
                     as
                     possible
                     to
                     the
                     truth
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     
                       
                         A
                         Table
                         of
                         the
                         Suns
                         refraction
                         in
                         time
                         ,
                         according
                         to
                         the
                         degrees
                         of
                         Altitude
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           ☉
                           Alt.
                           Differ
                           .
                        
                         
                           ☉
                           Alt.
                           Differ
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                            
                        
                         
                           ′
                        
                         
                           ″
                        
                         
                            
                        
                         
                           ′
                        
                         
                           ″
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           0
                        
                         
                           18
                        
                         
                           00
                        
                         
                           12
                        
                         
                           04
                        
                         
                           30
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           1
                        
                         
                           14
                        
                         
                           00
                        
                         
                           13
                        
                         
                           04
                        
                         
                           15
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           2
                        
                         
                           11
                        
                         
                           00
                        
                         
                           14
                        
                         
                           04
                        
                         
                           00
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           3
                        
                         
                           09
                        
                         
                           00
                        
                         
                           15
                        
                         
                           03
                        
                         
                           40
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           4
                        
                         
                           08
                        
                         
                           00
                        
                         
                           16
                        
                         
                           03
                        
                         
                           20
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           5
                        
                         
                           07
                        
                         
                           30
                        
                         
                           17
                        
                         
                           03
                        
                         
                           00
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           6
                        
                         
                           07
                        
                         
                           00
                        
                         
                           18
                        
                         
                           02
                        
                         
                           35
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           7
                        
                         
                           06
                        
                         
                           30
                        
                         
                           19
                        
                         
                           02
                        
                         
                           00
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           8
                        
                         
                           06
                        
                         
                           00
                        
                         
                           20
                        
                         
                           01
                        
                         
                           20
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           9
                        
                         
                           05
                        
                         
                           30
                        
                         
                           21
                        
                         
                           01
                        
                         
                           00
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           10
                        
                         
                           05
                        
                         
                           00
                        
                         
                           22
                        
                         
                           00
                        
                         
                           30
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           11
                        
                         
                           04
                        
                         
                           45
                        
                         
                           23
                        
                         
                           00
                        
                         
                           00
                        
                      
                    
                  
                   
                     The
                     use
                     of
                     this
                     Table
                     is
                     thus
                     ,
                     first
                     find
                     the
                     Suns
                     altitude
                     in
                     the
                     lest
                     hand
                     column
                     ,
                     intituled
                     ⊙
                     altitude
                     ,
                     and
                     right
                     against
                     it
                     you
                     have
                     the
                     minutes
                     and
                     s●cants
                     ,
                     which
                     those
                     dials
                     vary
                     when
                     the
                     Sun
                     hath
                     such
                     degrees
                     of
                     altitude
                     ;
                     as
                     for
                     example
                     ,
                     when
                     the
                     Sun
                     first
                     appeareth
                     ,
                     
                     a
                     dial
                     will
                     differ
                     from
                     the
                     true
                     time
                     18
                     minutes
                     ;
                     when
                     she
                     hath
                     3
                     degrees
                     of
                     altitude
                     ,
                     the
                     difference
                     is
                     9
                     minutes
                     ;
                     when
                     she
                     hath
                     9
                     degrees
                     of
                     altitude
                     ,
                     the
                     difference
                     is
                     5
                     minutes
                     30
                     secants
                     ,
                     &c.
                     so
                     that
                     it
                     will
                     not
                     be
                     safe
                     setting
                     either
                     Watch
                     or
                     Clock
                     to
                     the
                     hour
                     given
                     on
                     a
                     Sun-dial
                     ,
                     till
                     the
                     Sun
                     have
                     attained
                     20
                     degrees
                     of
                     altitude
                     above
                     the
                     Horizon
                     ,
                     till
                     which
                     time
                     the
                     refraction
                     is
                     something
                     sensible
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     Tell
                     me
                     precisely
                     what
                     hours
                     are
                     fittest
                     for
                     that
                     purpose
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     A.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     best
                     times
                     for
                     setting
                     either
                     Clock
                     or
                     watch
                     to
                     the
                     time
                     ,
                     on
                     a
                     Dial
                     ,
                     is
                     in
                     
                       May
                       ,
                       Iune
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     Iuly
                     ,
                     between
                     the
                     hours
                     of
                     7
                     in
                     the
                     morning
                     and
                     5
                     in
                     the
                     afternoon
                     ,
                     in
                     April
                     and
                     August
                     between
                     the
                     hours
                     of
                     8
                     in
                     the
                     morning
                     ,
                     and
                     4.
                     in
                     the
                     afternoon
                     ;
                     in
                     February
                     and
                     September
                     ,
                     between
                     the
                     hours
                     of
                     10
                     and
                     2
                     ,
                     the
                     other
                     months
                     't
                     will
                     not
                     be
                     safe
                     setting
                     them
                     till
                     near
                     noon
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     Suppose
                     a
                     watch
                     should
                     be
                     set
                     to
                     a
                     Sun-dial
                     betimes
                     in
                     the
                     morning
                     ,
                     what
                     then
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     Then
                     it
                     will
                     not
                     go
                     right
                     with
                     the
                     same
                     Dial
                     all
                     the
                     prime
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     day
                     after
                     ,
                     but
                     will
                     differ
                     as
                     much
                     as
                     the
                     refraction
                     was
                     ,
                     when
                     it
                     was
                     set
                     to
                     the
                     same
                     dial
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     are
                     not
                     these
                     refractions
                     always
                     equal
                     throughout
                     the
                     year
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     No
                     ,
                     they
                     are
                     greater
                     in
                     Winter
                     than
                     in
                     the
                     Summer
                     ,
                     greater
                     in
                     moist
                     weather
                     than
                     in
                     dry
                     ,
                     greater
                     near
                     Seas
                     or
                     large
                     Rivers
                     than
                     on
                     the
                     remoter
                     parts
                     of
                     dry
                     land
                     ,
                     and
                     greater
                     in
                     the
                     morning
                     than
                     they
                     are
                     in
                     the
                     evening
                     ,
                     all
                     which
                     being
                     duly
                     considered
                     ,
                     may
                     prove
                     of
                     good
                     use
                     for
                     the
                     business
                     for
                     which
                     this
                     discourse
                     hath
                     designed
                     it
                     ,
                     viz.
                     The
                     true
                     keeping
                     ,
                     and
                     right
                     managing
                     of
                     all
                     Clocks
                     and
                     Watches
                     whatsoever
                     ;
                     so
                     that
                     whensoever
                     you
                     shall
                     find
                     your
                     Watches
                     or
                     Clocks
                     differ
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     day
                     from
                     your
                     Dial
                     ,
                     you
                     may
                     by
                     knowing
                     the
                     reason
                     of
                     it
                     prevent
                     those
                     mistakes
                     which
                     otherwise
                     might
                     arise
                     ?
                  
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   DIALOGVE
                   III.
                   Of
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   its
                   definition
                   ,
                   nature
                   and
                   defects
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   effects
                   thereof
                   in
                   Clocks
                   and
                   Watches
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     CHi
                     .
                  
                   
                     From
                     whence
                     do
                     those
                     Movements
                     that
                     go
                     without
                     weights
                     receive
                     their
                     motion
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     From
                     a
                     spring
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     What
                     is
                     a
                     spring
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     A
                     spring
                     is
                     a
                     certain
                     thin
                     plate
                     of
                     steel
                     ,
                     drawn
                     by
                     the
                     hammer
                     to
                     a
                     sufficient
                     length
                     ,
                     breadth
                     ,
                     and
                     thickness
                     ,
                     according
                     as
                     the
                     proportion
                     of
                     draught
                     (
                     which
                     is
                     designed
                     to
                     it
                     requires
                     )
                     this
                     being
                     exactly
                     wrought
                     ,
                     and
                     artificially
                     tempered
                     ,
                     is
                     wound
                     up
                     in
                     the
                     form
                     of
                     a
                     spiral
                     line
                     ,
                     not
                     close
                     together
                     ,
                     but
                     at
                     a
                     certain
                     distance
                     ,
                     after
                     which
                     it
                     is
                     conveyed
                     into
                     its
                     barrel
                     ,
                     where
                     it
                     lyeth
                     something
                     closer
                     together
                     in
                     the
                     outward
                     circumference
                     than
                     in
                     the
                     center
                     ,
                     having
                     the
                     
                     one
                     end
                     fastened
                     to
                     the
                     barrel
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     other
                     to
                     the
                     arbor
                     whereon
                     the
                     barrel
                     moveth
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     When
                     it
                     is
                     thus
                     sitted
                     to
                     its
                     work
                     ,
                     how
                     doth
                     it
                     perform
                     or
                     draw
                     ,
                     so
                     as
                     to
                     give
                     motion
                     to
                     the
                     wheels
                     after
                     it
                     is
                     wound
                     up
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     When
                     it
                     is
                     first
                     wound
                     up
                     ,
                     it
                     compresseth
                     it self
                     in
                     the
                     center
                     ,
                     (
                     as
                     ▪
                     before
                     it
                     did
                     in
                     the
                     circumference
                     )
                     but
                     being
                     by
                     the
                     temper
                     made
                     as
                     it
                     were
                     free
                     Deniz●n
                     of
                     a
                     certain
                     Orb
                     ,
                     it
                     never
                     resteth
                     till
                     by
                     extension
                     it
                     hath
                     a●●ained
                     to
                     its
                     first
                     place
                     ,
                     which
                     it
                     doth
                     not
                     in
                     an
                     instant
                     ,
                     but
                     by
                     degrees
                     as
                     the
                     motion
                     of
                     the
                     work
                     ,
                     which
                     it
                     draws
                     along
                     with
                     it
                     ,
                     will
                     suffer
                     it
                     to
                     move
                     round
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     Is
                     the
                     draught
                     of
                     a
                     spring
                     equally
                     in
                     a●l
                     places
                     alike
                     ,
                     or
                     doth
                     it
                     differ
                     according
                     as
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     str●●ned
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     spring
                     is
                     always
                     strongest
                     when
                     first
                     wound
                     up
                     ,
                     and
                     weakest
                     when
                     returned
                     to
                     its
                     natural
                     position
                     ;
                     from
                     whence
                     it
                     happeneth
                     that
                     
                     the
                     fuzey
                     (
                     by
                     which
                     the
                     spring
                     draweth
                     the
                     work
                     about
                     )
                     is
                     made
                     commonly
                     in
                     the
                     shape
                     of
                     a
                     Counical
                     screw
                     ,
                     by
                     which
                     means
                     this
                     unequal
                     draught
                     is
                     regulated
                     and
                     made
                     alike
                     equal
                     ;
                     for
                     when
                     the
                     spring
                     is
                     first
                     wound
                     up
                     ,
                     and
                     its
                     draught
                     strongest
                     ,
                     there
                     the
                     fuzey
                     is
                     least
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     as
                     the
                     strength
                     of
                     the
                     spring
                     decreaseth
                     ,
                     so
                     the
                     bigness
                     of
                     the
                     fuzey
                     increaseth
                     ,
                     by
                     which
                     means
                     the
                     wheels
                     move
                     most
                     commonly
                     with
                     a
                     pretty
                     equal
                     motion
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     Is
                     it
                     possible
                     so
                     to
                     adjust
                     a
                     fuzey
                     to
                     the
                     draught
                     of
                     a
                     spring
                     ,
                     that
                     there
                     shall
                     be
                     no
                     alteration
                     of
                     time
                     in
                     those
                     Watches
                     which
                     it
                     moveth
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     answer
                     to
                     this
                     your
                     question
                     is
                     a
                     thing
                     of
                     great
                     consequence
                     ,
                     and
                     deserves
                     diligently
                     to
                     be
                     enquired
                     into
                     :
                     my
                     opinion
                     is
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     spring
                     like
                     a
                     wise
                     Master-fencer
                     ,
                     hath
                     reserved
                     to
                     himself
                     some
                     certain
                     unlucky
                     tricks
                     (
                     which
                     it's
                     most
                     diligent
                     observers
                     cannot
                     attain
                     to
                     the
                     knowledge
                     of
                     )
                     that
                     so
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     able
                     
                     on
                     occasion
                     to
                     give
                     a
                     foil
                     to
                     those
                     that
                     think
                     themselves
                     sufficiently
                     able
                     to
                     overcome
                     all
                     its
                     difficulties
                     :
                     Certain
                     it
                     is
                     that
                     those
                     occult
                     defects
                     ,
                     which
                     are
                     yet
                     remaining
                     in
                     the
                     spring
                     ,
                     are
                     the
                     very
                     scourge
                     and
                     disgrace
                     of
                     Clock-makers
                     ,
                     working
                     those
                     effects
                     in
                     the
                     motion
                     of
                     Watches
                     ,
                     which
                     the
                     most
                     sound
                     workman
                     is
                     not
                     able
                     to
                     remedy
                     ,
                     it
                     being
                     equally
                     as
                     unpossible
                     to
                     make
                     a
                     Watch
                     go
                     always
                     true
                     ,
                     as
                     to
                     have
                     light
                     and
                     darkness
                     both
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     place
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     .
                  
                   
                     Some
                     Watches
                     there
                     are
                     that
                     for
                     6
                     or
                     8
                     days
                     will
                     go
                     indifferent
                     right
                     ,
                     and
                     after
                     that
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     check
                     and
                     go
                     too
                     slow
                     ,
                     and
                     another
                     time
                     too
                     fast
                     ,
                     and
                     seldom
                     continue
                     in
                     one
                     estate
                     of
                     motion
                     ,
                     although
                     it
                     have
                     always
                     one
                     bent
                     offspring
                     ;
                     this
                     is
                     often
                     remedied
                     with
                     a
                     new
                     spring
                     ,
                     but
                     never
                     with
                     the
                     same
                     .
                  
                   
                     Others
                     there
                     are
                     that
                     shall
                     never
                     go
                     well
                     24
                     hours
                     together
                     ,
                     but
                     shall
                     either
                     gain
                     or
                     lose
                     in
                     spite
                     of
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     Springs
                     many
                     times
                     draw
                     well
                     for
                     a
                     time
                     ,
                     and
                     then
                     faulter
                     at
                     last
                     ,
                     as
                     is
                     
                     seen
                     in
                     many
                     new
                     Watches
                     ,
                     who
                     go
                     well
                     when
                     first
                     sold
                     ,
                     but
                     afterward
                     upon
                     settling
                     of
                     the
                     spring
                     ;
                     have
                     moved
                     very
                     irregularly
                     ,
                     which
                     may
                     be
                     rectified
                     by
                     another
                     new
                     spring
                     ;
                     however
                     the
                     Work-man
                     is
                     commonly
                     on
                     such
                     occasions
                     blamed
                     ,
                     though
                     the
                     fault
                     be
                     none
                     of
                     his
                     ,
                     but
                     is
                     rather
                     (
                     if
                     in
                     any
                     )
                     the
                     fault
                     of
                     the
                     spring-maker
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     How
                     is
                     it
                     the
                     Spring-makers
                     fault
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     Either
                     he
                     worketh
                     them
                     not
                     truly
                     to
                     an
                     equal
                     thickness
                     ,
                     or
                     giveth
                     them
                     not
                     a
                     true
                     temper
                     in
                     all
                     places
                     alike
                     ,
                     or
                     it
                     may
                     be
                     leaveth
                     them
                     too
                     high
                     ,
                     or
                     taketh
                     them
                     down
                     too
                     low
                     ,
                     all
                     which
                     may
                     be
                     the
                     cause
                     of
                     their
                     unplacent
                     motion
                     ;
                     for
                     if
                     they
                     compress
                     themselves
                     more
                     in
                     one
                     place
                     than
                     in
                     another
                     ,
                     it
                     cannot
                     in
                     its
                     extension
                     move
                     so
                     free
                     from
                     jerking
                     or
                     twitching
                     ,
                     as
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     compressed
                     alike
                     in
                     all
                     its
                     parts
                     ,
                     which
                     illconveniencies
                     though
                     they
                     many
                     times
                     are
                     caused
                     through
                     the
                     Spring-makers
                     neglect
                     ,
                     yet
                     I
                     date
                     not
                     affirm
                     it
                     to
                     be
                     always
                     his
                     
                     fault
                     ;
                     for
                     I
                     believe
                     ,
                     let
                     them
                     take
                     all
                     the
                     care
                     that
                     possibly
                     they
                     can
                     ,
                     yet
                     the
                     nature
                     of
                     steel
                     is
                     such
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     will
                     not
                     in
                     all
                     places
                     take
                     temper
                     alike
                     ,
                     which
                     how
                     the
                     best
                     work-man
                     in
                     this
                     way
                     will
                     be
                     able
                     to
                     remedy
                     ,
                     I
                     know
                     not
                     ;
                     however
                     it
                     is
                     certain
                     ,
                     that
                     where
                     a
                     spring
                     is
                     wrought
                     with
                     care
                     ,
                     let
                     it
                     be
                     what
                     steel
                     it
                     will
                     ,
                     yet
                     it
                     must
                     needs
                     prove
                     better
                     than
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     wrought
                     with
                     neglect
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     Are
                     all
                     springs
                     troubled
                     with
                     those
                     defects
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     No
                     ,
                     all
                     are
                     not
                     ,
                     in
                     so
                     high
                     a
                     measure
                     ,
                     for
                     then
                     't
                     were
                     unpossible
                     any
                     Watches
                     should
                     go
                     true
                     .
                     Some
                     are
                     far
                     better
                     than
                     others
                     ,
                     and
                     by
                     chance
                     a
                     man
                     may
                     light
                     on
                     some
                     that
                     are
                     purely
                     good
                     ,
                     but
                     this
                     is
                     very
                     rare
                     ,
                     but
                     for
                     the
                     most
                     part
                     ,
                     they
                     are
                     either
                     more
                     or
                     less
                     defective
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     by
                     consequence
                     those
                     Watches
                     that
                     are
                     moved
                     by
                     them
                     ,
                     keep
                     either
                     a
                     certain
                     or
                     uncertain
                     time
                     ,
                     according
                     as
                     the
                     springs
                     are
                     in
                     goodness
                     that
                     move
                     them
                     ,
                     always
                     having
                     consideration
                     to
                     the
                     
                     goodness
                     of
                     the
                     work
                     ;
                     from
                     all
                     which
                     we
                     may
                     conclude
                     that
                     the
                     pains
                     and
                     care
                     of
                     Watch-makers
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     very
                     great
                     that
                     bring
                     those
                     Movements
                     to
                     any
                     true
                     performance
                     ,
                     and
                     if
                     those
                     that
                     buy
                     them
                     ,
                     were
                     as
                     careful
                     to
                     pay
                     them
                     for
                     their
                     trouble
                     ,
                     it
                     would
                     in
                     this
                     Art
                     produce
                     great
                     effects
                     .
                  
                   
                     Let
                     me
                     advise
                     all
                     Gentlemen
                     (
                     and
                     others
                     )
                     whose
                     fortune
                     it
                     hath
                     been
                     to
                     light
                     on
                     those
                     Watches
                     ,
                     that
                     by
                     the
                     care
                     of
                     a
                     good
                     Workman
                     ,
                     are
                     brought
                     to
                     perform
                     well
                     ,
                     that
                     they
                     value
                     them
                     accordingly
                     ,
                     and
                     take
                     great
                     care
                     that
                     they
                     do
                     not
                     by
                     violence
                     put
                     them
                     into
                     disorder
                     ,
                     it
                     's
                     possible
                     that
                     a
                     Watch
                     may
                     go
                     near
                     the
                     true
                     time
                     ,
                     though
                     not
                     set
                     in
                     many
                     days
                     ,
                     this
                     account
                     excellent
                     ;
                     but
                     if
                     it
                     go
                     so
                     well
                     as
                     to
                     require
                     setting
                     but
                     in
                     two
                     or
                     three
                     days
                     ,
                     this
                     is
                     very
                     considerable
                     ;
                     and
                     where
                     you
                     have
                     one
                     that
                     goes
                     better
                     you
                     may
                     have
                     two
                     that
                     go
                     worse
                     ;
                     therefore
                     prise
                     these
                     also
                     ,
                     and
                     account
                     that
                     work
                     that
                     performs
                     thus
                     ▪
                     to
                     be
                     good
                     work
                     ,
                     and
                     carefully
                     finished
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     Note
                     ,
                     That
                     Pendulum
                     Clocks
                     or
                     Watches
                     which
                     are
                     drawn
                     by
                     springs
                     ,
                     are
                     not
                     subject
                     to
                     those
                     irregular
                     motions
                     as
                     ballance
                     movements
                     are
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   DIALOGVE
                   IV.
                   Some
                   Enquiries
                   into
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                   the
                   Pendulum
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   method
                   of
                   finding
                   their
                   several
                   lengths
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     CHi
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Pendulum
                     being
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     most
                     exact
                     means
                     yet
                     discovered
                     for
                     the
                     keeping
                     of
                     true
                     time
                     ,
                     it
                     would
                     be
                     time
                     well
                     spent
                     to
                     enquire
                     something
                     into
                     the
                     nature
                     of
                     its
                     motion
                     ,
                     both
                     as
                     to
                     its
                     vibrations
                     and
                     terms
                     of
                     suspension
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     As
                     for
                     the
                     vibration
                     of
                     Pendulums
                     suspended
                     at
                     any
                     length
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     certain
                     that
                     the
                     times
                     of
                     it
                     ,
                     vibrations
                     natural
                     to
                     any
                     Pendulums
                     length
                     ,
                     are
                     so
                     limited
                     and
                     prefixed
                     ,
                     that
                     it
                     is
                     impossible
                     to
                     make
                     it
                     move
                     under
                     any
                     
                     other
                     period
                     than
                     that
                     only
                     one
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     natural
                     unto
                     it
                     ,
                     let
                     any
                     one
                     try
                     all
                     the
                     ways
                     he
                     can
                     to
                     encrease
                     or
                     decrease
                     the
                     frequency
                     of
                     its
                     vibrations
                     ,
                     and
                     he
                     shall
                     find
                     his
                     labour
                     all
                     in
                     vain
                     ,
                     provided
                     he
                     encrease
                     or
                     decrease
                     not
                     the
                     arch
                     of
                     its
                     recursions
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     that
                     he
                     remove
                     it
                     not
                     farther
                     or
                     lesser
                     from
                     its
                     Center
                     of
                     gravity
                     ,
                     than
                     such
                     a
                     certain
                     number
                     of
                     degrees
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     You
                     need
                     not
                     have
                     made
                     any
                     exception
                     ,
                     for
                     t
                     is
                     well
                     demonstrated
                     by
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     Ancients
                     ,
                     that
                     if
                     it
                     be
                     removed
                     from
                     the
                     Center
                     of
                     gravity
                     ,
                     any
                     number
                     of
                     degrees
                     whatsoever
                     from
                     one
                     to
                     ninety
                     ,
                     yet
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     vibrations
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     Pendulum
                     shall
                     not
                     encrease
                     or
                     decrease
                     :
                     His
                     words
                     are
                     these
                     ,
                     
                       That
                       the
                       Moveables
                       that
                       should
                       descend
                       along
                       the
                       Cords
                       ,
                       that
                       are
                       Subtenses
                       to
                       any
                       Arch
                       ,
                       must
                       necessarily
                       pass
                       them
                       all
                       in
                       equal
                       times
                       ,
                       as
                       well
                       the
                       subtense
                       under
                       an
                       hundred
                       an
                       eighty
                       degrees
                       (
                       that
                       is
                       the
                       whole
                       Diameter
                       )
                       as
                       the
                       subtenses
                       of
                       an
                       hundred
                       ,
                       sixty
                       ,
                       ten
                       ,
                       two
                       ,
                       or
                       half
                       a
                       degree
                       ,
                       
                       four
                       minutes
                       :
                       still
                       supposing
                       that
                       they
                       all
                       determine
                       in
                       the
                       lowest
                       point
                       touching
                       the
                       Horizontal
                       plain
                       .
                    
                     An
                     effect
                     which
                     hath
                     in
                     it
                     so
                     much
                     of
                     wonder
                     ,
                     by
                     how
                     much
                     at
                     the
                     first
                     apprehension
                     one
                     would
                     think
                     the
                     contrary
                     would
                     follow
                     ;
                     for
                     the
                     term
                     of
                     the
                     beginning
                     and
                     end
                     of
                     the
                     motion
                     being
                     common
                     ▪
                     and
                     the
                     right
                     line
                     being
                     the
                     shortest
                     that
                     can
                     be
                     comprehended
                     between
                     the
                     said
                     terms
                     ,
                     it
                     seemeth
                     reasonable
                     that
                     the
                     motion
                     made
                     by
                     it
                     should
                     be
                     finished
                     in
                     the
                     shortest
                     time
                     ,
                     which
                     yet
                     is
                     not
                     so
                     ,
                     but
                     the
                     shortest
                     time
                     ,
                     and
                     consequently
                     the
                     swiftest
                     motion
                     ,
                     is
                     that
                     made
                     by
                     the
                     Arch
                     ,
                     of
                     which
                     the
                     said
                     right
                     line
                     is
                     Cord.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     But
                     if
                     this
                     ancient
                     Writer
                     had
                     had
                     the
                     same
                     opportunity
                     of
                     experiencing
                     these
                     things
                     as
                     we
                     have
                     now
                     ,
                     he
                     would
                     have
                     been
                     of
                     another
                     opinion
                     :
                     For
                     to
                     confute
                     this
                     ,
                     tryal
                     was
                     made
                     by
                     a
                     Pendulum
                     about
                     seven
                     foot
                     long
                     ,
                     which
                     vibrated
                     (
                     by
                     a
                     Clock
                     shewing
                     secants
                     )
                     41
                     times
                     in
                     a
                     minute
                     ,
                     at
                     which
                     time
                     it
                     swong
                     or
                     moved
                     
                     in
                     an
                     Arch
                     of
                     four
                     inches
                     ,
                     the
                     same
                     Pendulum
                     ,
                     at
                     12
                     inches
                     Arch
                     vibrated
                     but
                     40
                     ¼
                     the
                     same
                     at
                     10
                     foot
                     Arch
                     vibrated
                     but
                     39
                     times
                     ,
                     the
                     same
                     Pendulum
                     at
                     the
                     whole
                     Semi-arch
                     vibrated
                     but
                     37
                     times
                     ,
                     so
                     that
                     here
                     was
                     four
                     blows
                     difference
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     Pendulum
                     ,
                     when
                     vibrating
                     in
                     different
                     arches
                     ,
                     which
                     clearly
                     prove
                     that
                     Pendulums
                     cannot
                     perform
                     all
                     its
                     vibrations
                     great
                     ,
                     lesser
                     ,
                     and
                     least
                     ,
                     under
                     times
                     precisely
                     equal
                     .
                  
                   
                     Besides
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     clearly
                     apparent
                     that
                     ordinary
                     pendulum
                     Clocks
                     and
                     others
                     ,
                     whose
                     pendants
                     are
                     but
                     short
                     ,
                     that
                     when
                     through
                     foulness
                     or
                     natural
                     wearing
                     ,
                     they
                     fetch
                     not
                     so
                     large
                     a
                     compass
                     as
                     when
                     they
                     are
                     clean
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     order
                     't
                     is
                     then
                     I
                     say
                     apparent
                     that
                     their
                     motion
                     is
                     swifter
                     than
                     at
                     other
                     times
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     It
                     's
                     probable
                     that
                     your
                     Mechanical
                     observations
                     may
                     be
                     of
                     more
                     weight
                     than
                     the
                     best
                     rules
                     of
                     Art
                     in
                     this
                     kind
                     ,
                     for
                     the
                     truth
                     is
                     ,
                     if
                     rules
                     of
                     Art
                     will
                     not
                     keep
                     touch
                     with
                     the
                     Mechanicks
                     ,
                     
                     't
                     is
                     not
                     to
                     be
                     regarded
                     ;
                     in
                     the
                     next
                     place
                     let
                     us
                     consider
                     the
                     vibrations
                     of
                     Pendulums
                     of
                     different
                     lengths
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     ,
                     what
                     proportions
                     they
                     beat
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     As
                     to
                     the
                     times
                     of
                     the
                     vibrations
                     of
                     pendulums
                     suspended
                     by
                     verges
                     of
                     different
                     lengths
                     ,
                     those
                     times
                     are
                     in
                     subduple
                     proportion
                     to
                     the
                     the
                     lengths
                     of
                     their
                     verges
                     ,
                     or
                     if
                     you
                     will
                     ,
                     the
                     lengths
                     are
                     in
                     duplicate
                     proportion
                     to
                     the
                     times
                     ;
                     that
                     is
                     ,
                     are
                     as
                     the
                     squares
                     of
                     the
                     times
                     :
                     so
                     that
                     if
                     for
                     example
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     the
                     vibration
                     of
                     one
                     pendulum
                     is
                     double
                     to
                     the
                     vibration
                     of
                     an
                     other
                     ,
                     it
                     followeth
                     that
                     the
                     length
                     of
                     the
                     rod
                     of
                     that
                     is
                     quadruple
                     to
                     the
                     length
                     of
                     the
                     verge
                     of
                     this
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     one
                     vibration
                     of
                     that
                     ,
                     another
                     shall
                     make
                     three
                     vibrations
                     when
                     the
                     verge
                     of
                     that
                     shall
                     be
                     nine
                     times
                     as
                     long
                     as
                     the
                     other
                     .
                     From
                     whence
                     doth
                     follow
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     length
                     of
                     the
                     verges
                     have
                     to
                     each
                     other
                     the
                     the
                     same
                     proportion
                     as
                     the
                     squares
                     of
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     vibrations
                     that
                     are
                     made
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     times
                     have
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     Then
                     if
                     I
                     have
                     rightly
                     understood
                     you
                     ,
                     I
                     may
                     easily
                     know
                     the
                     length
                     of
                     a
                     pendulum
                     hanging
                     at
                     never
                     so
                     great
                     heighth
                     ,
                     although
                     the
                     sublime
                     term
                     of
                     suspension
                     were
                     invisible
                     to
                     me
                     ,
                     and
                     I
                     only
                     saw
                     the
                     lower
                     extream
                     ,
                     for
                     if
                     it
                     should
                     be
                     set
                     on
                     vibrating
                     too
                     and
                     again
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     friend
                     telling
                     some
                     of
                     its
                     recursions
                     ,
                     and
                     I
                     at
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     tell
                     the
                     recursions
                     of
                     another
                     pendulum
                     suspended
                     ,
                     on
                     a
                     verge
                     precisely
                     a
                     yard
                     long
                     ,
                     by
                     the
                     numbers
                     of
                     the
                     vibrations
                     of
                     these
                     pendulums
                     made
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     :
                     I
                     will
                     find
                     the
                     length
                     of
                     the
                     pendulum
                     whose
                     term
                     of
                     suspension
                     I
                     know
                     not
                     ,
                     as
                     for
                     example
                     ,
                     suppose
                     in
                     the
                     time
                     that
                     my
                     friend
                     hath
                     counted
                     twenty
                     recursions
                     of
                     the
                     long
                     pendulum
                     ,
                     and
                     I
                     had
                     told
                     two
                     hundred
                     and
                     forty
                     of
                     mine
                     that
                     is
                     a
                     yard
                     long
                     :
                     squaring
                     the
                     two
                     numbers
                     of
                     20
                     and
                     240.
                     which
                     are
                     400
                     and
                     57600.
                     
                     I
                     will
                     say
                     that
                     the
                     long
                     string
                     containeth
                     57600
                     of
                     those
                     measures
                     of
                     which
                     my
                     string
                     containeth
                     400.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     You
                     are
                     in
                     the
                     right
                     ,
                     nor
                     will
                     you
                     be
                     mistaken
                     one
                     inch
                     ,
                     especially
                     if
                     you
                     take
                     a
                     great
                     number
                     of
                     vibrations
                     :
                     by
                     the
                     same
                     rule
                     also
                     you
                     may
                     (
                     having
                     the
                     length
                     of
                     any
                     one
                     pendulum
                     from
                     its
                     upmost
                     suspension
                     to
                     the
                     Center
                     of
                     the
                     bob
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     number
                     of
                     its
                     vibrations
                     in
                     a
                     minute
                     )
                     find
                     out
                     the
                     length
                     of
                     a
                     pendulum
                     that
                     shall
                     vibrate
                     any
                     number
                     of
                     blows
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     ;
                     suppose
                     I
                     had
                     a
                     pendent
                     three
                     foot
                     long
                     that
                     vibrated
                     62
                     times
                     in
                     a
                     minute
                     ,
                     and
                     I
                     have
                     occasion
                     for
                     to
                     find
                     out
                     the
                     length
                     of
                     a
                     pendulum
                     that
                     shall
                     vibrate
                     but
                     20
                     in
                     a
                     minute
                     .
                     Do
                     thus
                     ,
                     square
                     the
                     two
                     numbers
                     62
                     and
                     20
                     ,
                     which
                     produce
                     3844
                     and
                     400
                     ,
                     now
                     divide
                     3844
                     by
                     400
                     ,
                     the
                     quotient
                     is
                     9
                     61
                     /
                     100
                     therefore
                     I
                     say
                     that
                     this
                     pendulum
                     to
                     vibrat
                     20
                     in
                     one
                     minute
                     ,
                     must
                     be
                     9
                     61
                     /
                     100
                     times
                     as
                     long
                     as
                     my
                     standard
                     pendulum
                     ,
                     which
                     being
                     3
                     foot
                     ,
                     the
                     other
                     will
                     be
                     28
                     foot
                     8
                     inches
                     long
                     from
                     the
                     term
                     of
                     suspension
                     to
                     the
                     center
                     of
                     the
                     bob
                     ,
                     and
                     thus
                     you
                     may
                     do
                     for
                     any
                     other
                     whatsoever
                     ,
                     by
                     observing
                     what
                     
                     hath
                     been
                     here
                     delivered
                     .
                     For
                     so
                     often
                     as
                     the
                     square
                     of
                     any
                     number
                     of
                     vibrations
                     is
                     contained
                     in
                     the
                     square
                     of
                     another
                     made
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     ,
                     so
                     many
                     times
                     must
                     the
                     length
                     of
                     that
                     pendulum
                     (
                     which
                     made
                     the
                     greatest
                     square
                     )
                     be
                     contained
                     in
                     the
                     length
                     of
                     the
                     other
                     which
                     made
                     the
                     smaller
                     square
                     .
                  
                   
                     By
                     the
                     same
                     rule
                     inverted
                     ,
                     you
                     may
                     ,
                     by
                     having
                     the
                     lengths
                     of
                     two
                     pendulums
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     vibrations
                     that
                     one
                     of
                     them
                     makes
                     in
                     a
                     minute
                     ,
                     find
                     out
                     also
                     the
                     times
                     that
                     the
                     other
                     shall
                     vibrate
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     :
                     for
                     if
                     you
                     have
                     a
                     pendulum
                     whose
                     number
                     of
                     vibrations
                     in
                     a
                     minute
                     you
                     know
                     already
                     ,
                     and
                     would
                     know
                     the
                     vibrations
                     that
                     another
                     pendulum
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     longer
                     ,
                     shall
                     make
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     :
                     Consider
                     how
                     often
                     the
                     length
                     of
                     your
                     short
                     pendulum
                     is
                     contained
                     in
                     that
                     longer
                     pendulum
                     ,
                     and
                     so
                     often
                     shall
                     the
                     squares
                     of
                     that
                     long
                     pendulums
                     vibrations
                     be
                     contained
                     in
                     the
                     squares
                     of
                     those
                     vibrations
                     made
                     by
                     the
                     short
                     pendulum
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     :
                     So
                     likewise
                     if
                     you
                     have
                     a
                     
                     long
                     pendulum
                     whose
                     vibrations
                     you
                     know
                     ,
                     and
                     you
                     would
                     know
                     how
                     many
                     vibrations
                     a
                     pendulum
                     that
                     is
                     shorter
                     ,
                     shall
                     make
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     ,
                     look
                     how
                     much
                     your
                     first
                     pendulum
                     is
                     longer
                     than
                     your
                     short
                     one
                     :
                     so
                     many
                     times
                     greater
                     must
                     the
                     square
                     of
                     your
                     short
                     pendulums
                     vibrations
                     be
                     above
                     those
                     made
                     by
                     your
                     longer
                     pendulum
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     time
                     .
                  
                   
                     Note
                     ,
                     that
                     great
                     care
                     ought
                     to
                     be
                     had
                     in
                     taking
                     the
                     true
                     length
                     of
                     your
                     pendulum
                     ,
                     from
                     the
                     utmost
                     term
                     of
                     suspension
                     to
                     the
                     center
                     of
                     the
                     bob
                     ,
                     and
                     likewise
                     that
                     your
                     pendulums
                     bobs
                     be
                     of
                     an
                     equal
                     weight
                     ,
                     or
                     reduced
                     thereunto
                     by
                     rules
                     of
                     proportion
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   DIALOGVE
                   V.
                   Of
                   the
                   Clock-bell
                   ,
                   the
                   cause
                   of
                   its
                   sounding
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   nature
                   thereof
                   ,
                   proved
                   by
                   reason
                   and
                   experience
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     CHi
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     nature
                     of
                     sounds
                     in
                     my
                     opinion
                     ,
                     is
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     most
                     subtle
                     pieces
                     of
                     nature
                     ,
                     being
                     equally
                     mysterious
                     with
                     that
                     of
                     light
                     and
                     colours
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     thing
                     that
                     hitherto
                     hath
                     been
                     but
                     superficially
                     observed
                     ,
                     and
                     as
                     yet
                     very
                     little
                     minded
                     ,
                     and
                     though
                     we
                     cannot
                     expect
                     the
                     true
                     reasons
                     thereof
                     can
                     be
                     soon
                     attained
                     ,
                     yet
                     to
                     make
                     some
                     certain
                     enquiry
                     thereinto
                     will
                     not
                     be
                     time
                     mispent
                     ;
                     therefore
                     to
                     come
                     the
                     more
                     close
                     to
                     our
                     intended
                     design
                     ,
                     what
                     is
                     your
                     opinion
                     concerning
                     the
                     first
                     creation
                     of
                     sound
                     in
                     a
                     Clock-bell
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     Air
                     ▪
                     being
                     the
                     most
                     pure
                     Medium
                     of
                     all
                     sounds
                     ,
                     must
                     be
                     wrought
                     upon
                     by
                     such
                     means
                     as
                     are
                     solely
                     necessary
                     for
                     the
                     creation
                     of
                     a
                     sound
                     ,
                     
                     which
                     will
                     be
                     effected
                     ,
                     if
                     tortured
                     by
                     most
                     quick
                     and
                     subtile
                     motions
                     ;
                     hence
                     it
                     happeneth
                     that
                     Bells
                     ,
                     having
                     by
                     means
                     of
                     the
                     percussion
                     of
                     the
                     hammer
                     ,
                     a
                     trembling
                     wrought
                     in
                     the
                     minute
                     parts
                     ,
                     which
                     by
                     its
                     quick
                     and
                     subtile
                     working
                     upon
                     the
                     air
                     in
                     the
                     concavity
                     of
                     the
                     Bell
                     ,
                     produceth
                     a
                     tone
                     or
                     sound
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     What
                     is
                     the
                     reason
                     of
                     the
                     trebbleness
                     or
                     baseness
                     of
                     tones
                     ,
                     one
                     above
                     another
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     trebbleness
                     or
                     baseness
                     of
                     tones
                     in
                     Bells
                     ,
                     is
                     from
                     two
                     causes
                     ;
                     First
                     ,
                     from
                     the
                     quantity
                     of
                     air
                     that
                     is
                     p●rcused
                     or
                     contained
                     in
                     the
                     concavity
                     of
                     the
                     Ball
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     from
                     the
                     quickness
                     or
                     slowness
                     of
                     the
                     percusion
                     .
                     To
                     prove
                     this
                     ,
                     take
                     Bells
                     of
                     different
                     greatness
                     ,
                     but
                     the
                     same
                     thickness
                     in
                     metal
                     ,
                     and
                     you
                     shall
                     find
                     them
                     to
                     produce
                     different
                     tones
                     ,
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     quantity
                     of
                     air
                     contained
                     in
                     their
                     concavities
                     Again
                     ,
                     take
                     Bells
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     bredth
                     and
                     depth
                     ,
                     but
                     differing
                     in
                     their
                     metal
                     ,
                     and
                     you
                     shall
                     find
                     that
                     
                     Bell
                     whose
                     metal
                     is
                     thinnest
                     ,
                     to
                     give
                     the
                     most
                     base
                     sound
                     ,
                     and
                     those
                     that
                     are
                     thickest
                     in
                     metal
                     ,
                     shall
                     produce
                     the
                     most
                     treble
                     sound
                     ;
                     for
                     the
                     thicker
                     the
                     Bell
                     is
                     ,
                     the
                     more
                     quick
                     and
                     sharp
                     is
                     the
                     percusion
                     of
                     the
                     air
                     within
                     it
                     ,
                     which
                     produceth
                     the
                     treble
                     tone
                     ,
                     but
                     the
                     thinner
                     the
                     Bell
                     ,
                     the
                     more
                     weak
                     and
                     slow
                     is
                     the
                     percusion
                     ,
                     which
                     according
                     to
                     its
                     nature
                     ,
                     produceth
                     a
                     more
                     base
                     or
                     flat
                     tone
                     .
                  
                   
                     Tones
                     are
                     the
                     same
                     in
                     Bells
                     of
                     several
                     weights
                     ,
                     but
                     differently
                     majorated
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     magnitude
                     of
                     their
                     bodies
                     that
                     produce
                     it
                     ,
                     for
                     you
                     shall
                     have
                     a
                     Bell
                     of
                     a
                     pound
                     weight
                     carry
                     the
                     same
                     tone
                     as
                     a
                     Bell
                     of
                     two
                     or
                     three
                     hundred
                     ,
                     but
                     not
                     in
                     the
                     same
                     strength
                     to
                     be
                     heard
                     so
                     far
                     ;
                     so
                     likewise
                     it
                     's
                     possible
                     that
                     a
                     Bell
                     of
                     ten
                     pound
                     weight
                     may
                     produce
                     the
                     same
                     tone
                     as
                     a
                     Bell
                     of
                     four
                     or
                     five
                     thousand
                     weight
                     ,
                     but
                     yet
                     their
                     different
                     majoration
                     will
                     be
                     according
                     to
                     the
                     proportion
                     of
                     their
                     metals
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     May
                     not
                     the
                     sound
                     of
                     two
                     Bells
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     weight
                     be
                     different
                     in
                     majoration
                     ,
                     that
                     is
                     to
                     be
                     heard
                     ,
                     one
                     farther
                     than
                     another
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     Yes
                     ,
                     't
                     is
                     certain
                     they
                     may
                     ;
                     for
                     always
                     observe
                     ,
                     the
                     sharper
                     the
                     tone
                     is
                     ,
                     the
                     farther
                     the
                     sound
                     is
                     heard
                     ,
                     being
                     more
                     active
                     and
                     sprightly
                     than
                     those
                     tones
                     that
                     have
                     a
                     more
                     dull
                     and
                     solitary
                     note
                     ;
                     from
                     Bells
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     weight
                     .
                  
                   
                     From
                     what
                     hath
                     been
                     delivered
                     ,
                     it
                     will
                     be
                     worth
                     the
                     while
                     to
                     draw
                     some
                     heads
                     of
                     enquity
                     .
                  
                   
                     First
                     ,
                     what
                     just
                     proportion
                     of
                     air
                     in
                     the
                     concavity
                     of
                     a
                     Bell
                     ,
                     shall
                     be
                     sufficient
                     to
                     produce
                     a
                     whole
                     Musical
                     tone
                     ,
                     and
                     what
                     proportion
                     will
                     hold
                     in
                     every
                     tone
                     .
                  
                   
                     Secondly
                     ,
                     what
                     diminution
                     of
                     substance
                     in
                     a
                     bell
                     of
                     any
                     weight
                     ,
                     will
                     be
                     sufficient
                     to
                     make
                     that
                     Bell
                     a
                     tone
                     more
                     bas●
                     ?
                     or
                     what
                     diminution
                     of
                     depth
                     shall
                     be
                     sufficient
                     to
                     make
                     it
                     a
                     note
                     sharper
                     ?
                  
                   
                     Thirdly
                     ,
                     what
                     bore
                     a
                     Bell
                     of
                     any
                     weight
                     requires
                     to
                     majorate
                     the
                     sound
                     
                     thereof
                     to
                     the
                     highest
                     degree
                     possible
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Chi.
                     
                  
                   
                     How
                     do
                     sounds
                     of
                     Bells
                     spread
                     or
                     move
                     in
                     the
                     air
                     ?
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Art.
                     
                  
                   
                     All
                     sounds
                     of
                     Bells
                     spread
                     themselves
                     into
                     a
                     spherical
                     area
                     ,
                     where
                     there
                     is
                     no
                     impediment
                     ;
                     otherwise
                     they
                     move
                     more
                     oval
                     ,
                     if
                     carried
                     by
                     the
                     violence
                     of
                     winds
                     ,
                     or
                     otherwise
                     obstructed
                     .
                  
                   
                     Though
                     sounds
                     of
                     Bells
                     spread
                     themselves
                     spherically
                     ,
                     yet
                     they
                     go
                     farthest
                     in
                     the
                     fore
                     lines
                     from
                     the
                     first
                     local
                     impulsion
                     of
                     the
                     air
                     .
                  
                   
                     All
                     reflections
                     concurrent
                     ,
                     make
                     sounds
                     greater
                     (
                     but
                     if
                     the
                     body
                     that
                     createth
                     the
                     reflection
                     be
                     clean
                     and
                     smooth
                     ,
                     it
                     maketh
                     them
                     sweeter
                     )
                     as
                     is
                     seen
                     in
                     large
                     and
                     stately
                     Halls
                     or
                     Churches
                     ,
                     where
                     the
                     least
                     voice
                     is
                     soon
                     heard
                     .
                  
                   
                     Soft
                     and
                     foraminous
                     bodies
                     in
                     the
                     first
                     Creation
                     of
                     the
                     sound
                     of
                     Bells
                     ,
                     will
                     dead
                     it
                     ,
                     as
                     is
                     apparent
                     where
                     hangings
                     are
                     used
                     ,
                     but
                     in
                     passage
                     of
                     sounds
                     ,
                     they
                     will
                     admit
                     it
                     better
                     than
                     hard
                     bodies
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     Querie
                     .
                     Whether
                     the
                     sound
                     of
                     Clock
                     bells
                     may
                     not
                     be
                     majorated
                     by
                     means
                     of
                     its
                     passage
                     through
                     certain
                     trunks
                     on
                     purpose
                     artificially
                     placed
                     for
                     the
                     sound
                     to
                     pass
                     through
                     ,
                     that
                     by
                     the
                     penning
                     thereof
                     it
                     may
                     come
                     forth
                     more
                     strong
                     and
                     loud
                     ,
                     this
                     would
                     be
                     a
                     thing
                     of
                     excellent
                     use
                     ,
                     if
                     it
                     could
                     be
                     effected
                     ?
                  
                   
                     Querie
                     also
                     .
                     What
                     weight
                     of
                     Hammer
                     is
                     best
                     for
                     to
                     make
                     the
                     Bell
                     give
                     forth
                     its
                     true
                     and
                     natural
                     sound
                     ?
                     for
                     't
                     is
                     observed
                     ,
                     that
                     if
                     the
                     Hammer
                     be
                     too
                     heavy
                     or
                     too
                     light
                     for
                     that
                     quantity
                     or
                     quality
                     of
                     metal
                     contained
                     in
                     a
                     Bell
                     ,
                     they
                     give
                     not
                     their
                     sound
                     so
                     clear
                     and
                     full
                     as
                     when
                     due
                     proportion
                     is
                     observed
                     .
                  
                
              
            
             
               FINIS
               ▪
            
          
           
             
               
               
                 AN
                 APPENDIX
                 WHEREIN
                 IS
                 Contained
                 a
                 METHOD
                 OF
                 Calculating
                 all
                 Numbers
                 FOR
                 WATCHES
                 .
                 Written
                 Originally
                 by
                 that
                 famous
                 Mathematician
                 Mr.
                 
                   VVILLIAM
                   OVGHTRED
                
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 made
                 Publick
                 .
                 By
                 
                   J.
                   S.
                
                 of
                 London
                 ,
                 Clock-maker
                 .
              
               
                 LONDON
                 ,
                 Printed
                 for
                 
                   Jonathan
                   Edwin
                
                 at
                 the
                 
                   Three
                   Roses
                
                 in
                 Ludgate-street
                 ,
                 1675.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
               
                 TO
                 THE
                 READER
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 method
                 following
                 was
                 many
                 years
                 since
                 Compiled
                 by
                 Mr.
                 Oughtred
                 for
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 some
                 Ingenious
                 Gentlemen
                 his
                 friends
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 recreation
                 at
                 the
                 University
                 ,
                 studied
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 the
                 reason
                 and
                 knowledge
                 of
                 Watch-work
                 ,
                 which
                 seemed
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 thing
                 with
                 which
                 
                 Mr.
                 Oughtred
                 himself
                 was
                 much
                 affected
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 in
                 part
                 appear
                 by
                 his
                 putting
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Son
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 Trade
                 ,
                 for
                 whose
                 use
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 am
                 informed
                 )
                 he
                 did
                 compile
                 a
                 larger
                 tract
                 ,
                 but
                 what
                 became
                 of
                 it
                 cannot
                 be
                 known
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 this
                 work
                 it self
                 ,
                 I
                 need
                 not
                 commend
                 it
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 hath
                 in
                 the
                 front
                 Mr.
                 
                 Oughtred's
                 Name
                 ,
                 which
                 alone
                 is
                 sufficient
                 to
                 bespeak
                 its
                 worth
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 in
                 my
                 Judgment
                 be
                 an
                 Injury
                 to
                 the
                 fame
                 of
                 that
                 excellent
                 Author
                 ,
                 thus
                 to
                 seem
                 to
                 argue
                 a
                 distrust
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 were
                 Compiled
                 by
                 him
                 should
                 be
                 in
                 it self
                 so
                 deficient
                 as
                 to
                 borrow
                 
                 a
                 supply
                 of
                 its
                 own
                 praise
                 from
                 another's
                 Pen.
                 
              
               
                 It
                 sufficeth
                 me
                 therefore
                 to
                 let
                 you
                 know
                 't
                 is
                 his
                 ,
                 Compiled
                 by
                 himself
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 use
                 for
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 now
                 Published
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 without
                 doubt
                 a
                 work
                 of
                 that
                 worthiness
                 ,
                 that
                 whatsoever
                 Artist
                 shall
                 truly
                 and
                 rightly
                 understand
                 it
                 ,
                 shall
                 also
                 gain
                 most
                 excellent
                 benefit
                 by
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Method
                 it self
                 indeed
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 by
                 him
                 delivered
                 ,
                 relates
                 only
                 to
                 Watches
                 ,
                 which
                 notwithstanding
                 may
                 be
                 as
                 aptly
                 applyed
                 to
                 any
                 other
                 number
                 whatsoever
                 required
                 in
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Clock-work
                 ,
                 as
                 every
                 ingenuous
                 man
                 will
                 soon
                 find
                 .
              
               
               
                 I
                 have
                 only
                 one
                 word
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 whosoever
                 hath
                 a
                 desire
                 to
                 attain
                 this
                 Analletical
                 way
                 of
                 Calculation
                 must
                 consult
                 that
                 Book
                 ,
                 Intituled
                 
                   Clavis
                   Mathematica
                
                 ,
                 written
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Author
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 fully
                 instructed
                 concerning
                 the
                 understanding
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Thine
                   ,
                   
                     J.
                     S.
                  
                   
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                 APPENDIX
                 .
              
               
                 
                   I.
                   Of
                   Movements
                   or
                   Automata
                   .
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   IN
                   every
                   Movement
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   wheels
                   and
                   pinions
                   effect
                   or
                   incite
                   the
                   motion
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   others
                   do
                   determinate
                   or
                   spectisicate
                   the
                   same
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   They
                   which
                   effect
                   the
                   Motion
                   are
                   first
                   ,
                   the
                   great
                   wheel
                   (
                   A
                   )
                   with
                   the
                   fuzey
                   ,
                   which
                   moveth
                   (
                   ●
                   )
                   the
                   pinion
                   of
                   the
                   second
                   wheel
                   ,
                   (
                   E
                   )
                   which
                   again
                   moveth
                   (
                   i
                   )
                   the
                   pinion
                   of
                   the
                   third
                   or
                   Cantrate
                   wheel
                   ,
                   (
                   J
                   )
                   which
                   again
                   moveth
                   (
                   o
                   )
                   the
                   pinion
                   of
                   the
                   Crown
                   wheel
                   ,
                   (
                   O
                   )
                   which
                   lastly
                   ,
                   moveth
                   the
                   ballance
                   ▪
                
                 
                 
                   3.
                   
                   They
                   which
                   spectificate
                   the
                   Motion
                   ,
                   are
                   the
                   pinion
                   (
                   a
                   )
                   fixed
                   to
                   the
                   Arbour
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   wheel
                   moving
                   ,
                   (
                   B
                   )
                   the
                   Dial
                   wheel
                   having
                   its
                   revolution
                   in
                   (
                   H
                   )
                   hours
                   or
                   parts
                   of
                   time
                   together
                   with
                   such
                   intermediate
                   wheels
                   and
                   pinions
                   as
                   shall
                   be
                   found
                   necessary
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   If
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   any
                   be
                   divided
                   by
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   another
                   wheel
                   moving
                   it
                   ,
                   or
                   moved
                   by
                   it
                   ,
                   the
                   quotient
                   shall
                   show
                   how
                   many
                   revolutions
                   of
                   the
                   Divisor
                   are
                   to
                   one
                   turn
                   of
                   the
                   Dividend
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   much
                   of
                   the
                   Dividend
                   goeth
                   in
                   one
                   turn
                   of
                   the
                   Divisor
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   
                   it
                   shall
                   be
                   A
                   =
                   γ
                   E
                   that
                   is
                   one
                   turn
                   of
                   (
                   A
                   )
                   is
                   equal
                   in
                   time
                   to
                   (
                   2
                   )
                   turns
                   of
                   (
                   E
                   )
                   and
                   A
                   /
                   2
                   =
                   E
                   that
                   is
                   (
                   ½
                   )
                   part
                   of
                   (
                   A
                   )
                   is
                   equal
                   to
                   one
                   turn
                   of
                   (
                   E
                   )
                   Again
                   ,
                   if
                   B
                   /
                   α
                   =
                   β
                   it
                   shall
                   be
                   B
                   =
                   βα
                   that
                   is
                   one
                   turn
                   of
                   (
                   B
                   )
                   is
                   equal
                   to
                   (
                   β
                   )
                   turns
                   of
                   (
                   A
                   )
                   and
                   B
                   /
                   3
                   =
                   A
                   that
                   is
                   (
                   1
                   /
                   3
                   )
                   of
                   (
                   B
                   )
                   is
                   equal
                   in
                   time
                   to
                   one
                   turn
                   of
                   (
                   A
                   &
                
                 
                 
                   5.
                   
                   Wherefore
                   in
                   every
                   motion
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   wheels
                   do
                   make
                   a
                   Ratio
                   or
                   fraction
                   ,
                   whereof
                   the
                   Motrix
                   is
                   the
                   Nrator
                   in
                   those
                   that
                   effect
                   the
                   motion
                   ;
                   as
                   A
                   /
                   e
                   =
                   2.
                   
                   E
                   /
                   1
                   =
                   8.
                   
                   I
                   /
                   o
                   =
                   5.
                   
                   But
                   in
                   those
                   that
                   specificate
                   the
                   motion
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   denominator
                   as
                   B
                   /
                   α
                   =
                   β
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   6.
                   
                   A
                   view
                   of
                   the
                   wheels
                   and
                   pinions
                   .
                
                 
                   
                
                 
                   7.
                   
                   A
                   =
                   ●
                   B
                   =
                   ●8
                   ●
                   =
                   285
                   ,
                   O
                   which
                   are
                   so
                   many
                   turns
                   of
                   (
                   O
                   )
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   taken
                   for
                   the
                   wheel
                   ,
                   or
                   so
                   many
                   notches
                   of
                   the
                   wheel
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   taken
                   for
                   the
                   number
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   also
                   to
                   be
                   understood
                   of
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Letters
                   ,
                   ●i●
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   E
                   =
                   A
                   /
                   2
                   =
                   8J
                   =
                   85,0
                
                 
                   J
                   =
                   A
                   /
                   28
                   =
                   E
                   /
                   8
                   =
                   5,0
                
                 
                   O
                   =
                   A
                   /
                   285
                   =
                   E
                   /
                   85
                   =
                   J
                   /
                   ●
                
                 
                   8.
                   
                   
                
                 
                   9.
                   285
                   ,
                   O
                   =
                   D
                   by
                   which
                   note
                   I
                   signifie
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   the
                   notches
                   of
                   the
                   Crown
                   wheel
                   (
                   O
                   )
                   gone
                   in
                   one
                   turn
                   of
                   (
                   A
                   )
                   by
                   number
                   7.
                   wherefore
                   
                   .
                
                 
                   10.
                   
                   
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   notches
                   of
                   the
                   Crown
                   wheel
                   (
                   O
                   )
                   is
                   gone
                   in
                   one
                   hour
                   ,
                   or
                   1
                   /
                   H
                   for
                   by
                   number
                   8.
                   
                   H
                   β285
                   ,
                   o
                   ∷
                   1.
                   
                   
                   ▪
                
                 
                 
                   11.
                   
                   Out
                   the
                   former
                   propositions
                   ,
                   these
                   follow
                   ,
                   viz.
                   
                
                 
                   
                
                 
                   12.
                   
                   
                   for
                   if
                   in
                   (
                   H
                   )
                   hours
                   are
                   (
                   β
                   )
                   turns
                   of
                   (
                   ●
                   )
                   or
                   (
                   β
                   D
                   )
                   nothes
                   gone
                   (
                   ꝑ10
                   )
                   then
                   in
                   one
                   hour
                   (
                   β
                   /
                   H
                   )
                   turns
                   of
                   (
                   A
                   )
                   or
                   (
                   
                   )
                   nothes
                   gone
                   8
                   then
                   also
                   in
                   (
                   c
                   )
                   hours
                   (
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   continuance
                   of
                   the
                   watches
                   going
                   )
                   are
                   gone
                   (
                   T
                   )
                   turns
                   of
                   (
                   A
                   )
                   or
                   turns
                   about
                   the
                   fuzey
                   .
                
                 
                   13
                   :
                   Wherefore
                   the
                   lesser
                   (
                   β
                   )
                   is
                   taken
                   ,
                   the
                   longer
                   shall
                   (
                   c
                   )
                   be
                   at
                   an
                   equal
                   (
                   T
                   )
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   II.
                   Of
                   finding
                   out
                   fi●
                   numbers
                   for
                   the
                   wheels
                   and
                   pinions
                   .
                
                 
                   14.
                   
                   AN●
                   two
                   fractions
                   ,
                   whose
                   terms
                   are
                   proportion●●
                   perform
                   the
                   same
                   motion
                   9
                   /
                   1
                   or
                   36
                   /
                   4
                   or
                   4●
                   /
                   ●
                   the
                   lower
                   of
                   which
                   is
                   for
                   the
                   pinion
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   upper
                   for
                   the
                   wheel
                
                 
                   15.
                   
                   The
                   same
                   motion
                   may
                   be
                   performed
                   either
                   by
                   one
                   wheel
                   and
                   one
                   pinion
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   by
                   many
                   wheeles
                   ▪
                   and
                   many
                   pinions
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   the
                   product
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   wheels
                   ,
                   be
                   to
                   the
                   product
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   pinions
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   one
                   wheel
                   is
                   to
                   that
                   one
                   pinion
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   this
                   example
                   1440
                   /
                   28
                   =
                   x36
                   /
                   2●x8
                   /
                   1x●
                   /
                   1
                   or
                   16
                   /
                   4x8
                   /
                   7x50
                   /
                   10
                   neither
                   is
                   it
                   any
                   matter
                   in
                   what
                   order
                   the
                   wheels
                   and
                   pinions
                   are
                   set
                   ,
                   or
                   which
                   pinion
                   standeth
                   under
                   every
                   wheel
                   .
                
                 
                   16.
                   
                   And
                   these
                   two
                   factors
                   (
                   36x8
                   being
                   given
                   may
                   be
                   manifestly
                   varied
                   by
                   this
                   rule
                   ,
                   if
                   two
                   factors
                   given
                   be
                   divided
                   by
                   any
                   two
                   other
                   numbers
                   ,
                   
                   which
                   will
                   measure
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   quotients
                   be
                   multiplyed
                   by
                   the
                   altern
                   divisions
                   ,
                   the
                   product
                   of
                   these
                   two
                   last
                   numbers
                   found
                   shall
                   be
                   equal
                   to
                   the
                   product
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   fractors
                   given
                   
                     
                       
                         Thus
                         for
                         36x8
                         you
                         shall
                         have
                         found
                      
                       
                         9
                      
                       
                          
                      
                       
                         8
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         36
                      
                       
                         x
                      
                       
                         8
                      
                    
                     
                       
                          
                      
                       
                         4
                      
                       
                          
                      
                       
                         1
                      
                    
                     
                       
                          
                      
                       
                         32
                      
                       
                          
                      
                       
                         9
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         32
                         x
                         9
                         for
                      
                       
                         1x9
                         .
                         1x8
                         ∷
                         4x9
                         .
                         4x8
                      
                    
                  
                
                 
                   17.
                   
                   If
                   fit
                   proportional
                   numbers
                   cannot
                   be
                   had
                   by
                   any
                   of
                   these
                   three
                   last
                   rules
                   ,
                   you
                   may
                   seek
                   some
                   Ratio
                   ,
                   as
                   near
                   unto
                   it
                   as
                   possible
                   in
                   this
                   manner
                   ,
                   say
                   as
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   numbers
                   given
                   is
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   so
                   is
                   360
                   to
                   a
                   fourth
                   divide
                   that
                   fourth
                   number
                   ,
                   as
                   also
                   360
                   by
                   4.
                   5.
                   6.
                   8.
                   9.
                   10.
                   12.
                   15
                   or
                   by
                   which
                   of
                   them
                   that
                   bringeth
                   a
                   quotient
                   nearest
                   to
                   an
                   integer
                   ;
                   as
                   if
                   two
                   numbers
                   given
                   be
                   147
                   /
                   170
                   which
                   are
                   too
                   great
                   to
                   be
                   cut
                   in
                   small
                   wheels
                   ,
                   say
                   therefore
                   170.147
                   ∷
                   360.311
                
                 
                   147.170
                   ∷
                   360.416
                   
                   
                   Wherefore
                   for
                   the
                   two
                   numbers
                   147
                   and
                   170
                   ,
                   you
                   may
                   take
                   52
                   and
                   60
                   ,
                   or
                   39
                   and
                   45
                   ,
                   or
                   45
                   and
                   52
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   18.
                   
                   If
                   two
                   wheels
                   of
                   a
                   motion
                   touch
                   without
                   they
                   move
                   contrariwise
                   ,
                   but
                   if
                   they
                   touch
                   within
                   ,
                   they
                   move
                   the
                   same
                   way
                   .
                
                 
                   19.
                   
                   In
                   lesser
                   Watches
                   D
                   must
                   be
                   at
                   least
                   8000
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   greater
                   D
                   may
                   be
                   4000
                   ,
                   for
                   in
                   lesser
                   pieces
                   a
                   swift
                   train
                   is
                   more
                   commendable
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   greater
                   pieces
                   a
                   slower
                   .
                
                 
                   20.
                   
                   To
                   give
                   numbers
                   to
                   a
                   Watch
                   of
                   a
                   swift
                   train
                   about
                   10000
                   ,
                   for
                   D
                   you
                   must
                   have
                   T
                   12.
                   and
                   C
                   16
                   hours
                   ,
                   and
                   O
                   17.
                   say
                   (
                   by
                   number
                   12
                   )
                   
                     T.
                     C
                     ∷
                     D.
                  
                   D.
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   12.
                   16
                   
                   ∷
                   10000.
                   13333
                   
                   =
                   D.
                   and
                   because
                   (
                   by
                   number
                   9
                   )
                   D.
                   =
                   185
                   ,
                   O.
                   17
                   )
                   13333
                   (
                   784
                   =
                   285.
                   which
                   are
                   three
                   quotients
                   for
                   finding
                   the
                   three
                   pinions
                   ,
                   seek
                   therefore
                   three
                   numbers
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   multiplyed
                   together
                   ,
                   produce
                   784
                   ,
                   very
                   
                   near
                   let
                   them
                   be
                   11.
                   9.
                   
                   8●
                   the
                   product
                   whereof
                   is
                   792
                   =
                   285.
                   
                   Correct
                   them
                   792x17
                   =
                   13464
                   =
                   D.
                   Correct
                   and
                   say
                   
                     T.
                     C
                  
                   ∷
                   
                     D.
                     D.
                  
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   16
                   ,
                   12
                   ∷
                   13464.
                   10098
                   
                   =
                   D.
                   Correct
                   also
                   say
                   
                     C.
                     T
                  
                   ∷
                   H.
                   β
                   /
                   α
                   (
                   by
                   number
                   12
                   )
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   
                   16.
                   12
                   
                   ∷
                   12.
                   
                
                 
                   Then
                   by
                   the
                   3
                   quotients
                   assumed
                   11.
                   9.
                   8.
                   find
                   out
                   the
                   3
                   wheels
                   (
                   A.
                   55
                   )
                   E.
                   45
                   )
                   J.
                   40
                   )
                   and
                   the
                   3
                   pinions
                   (
                   ●
                   .
                   5
                   )
                   i.
                   5
                   )
                   o.
                   5
                   )
                   as
                   is
                   done
                   on
                   the
                   side
                   .
                   
                
                 
                   
                     D
                     ,
                     13464
                  
                   
                     D
                     ,
                     10098
                  
                   
                     T
                     ,
                     12.
                     6.
                     16
                  
                
                 
                   21.
                   
                   To
                   find
                   how
                   long
                   this
                   watch
                   before
                   found
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   made
                   to
                   go
                   by
                   slackening
                   D
                   to
                   8000
                   (
                   by
                   number
                   12
                   )
                   say
                   
                     D.
                     D
                     ∷
                     H.
                  
                   .
                   B
                   /
                   α
                   ∷
                   C.T.
                   that
                   is
                   
                   again
                   ,
                   ●6
                   /
                   5
                   ,
                   ●2
                   ∷
                   T
                   12.
                   
                   C
                   20
                   ,
                   it
                   may
                   therefore
                   be
                   made
                   
                   to
                   go
                   20
                   hours
                   by
                   altering
                   〈◊〉
                   36
                   and
                   α
                   to
                   5.
                   
                
                 
                   22.
                   
                   To
                   give
                   numbers
                   for
                   a
                   Watch
                   of
                   about
                   5000
                   for
                   D
                   ,
                   that
                   may
                   have
                   T
                   12
                   ,
                   C
                   170
                   ,
                   and
                   O
                   17
                   ;
                   this
                   work
                   is
                   as
                   in
                   20
                   ,
                   say
                   therefore
                   12.
                   170
                   
                   ∷
                   5000.
                   70833
                   
                   =
                   D
                   17
                   )
                   70833
                   (
                   4167
                   for
                   2850
                   ,
                   because
                   three
                   quotients
                   will
                   yield
                   too
                   big
                   a
                   number
                   for
                   wheels
                   let
                   them
                   be
                   10.
                   8.
                   8.
                   6.
                   
                   ⅖
                   .
                   which
                   multiplyed
                   continually
                   together
                   with
                   17
                   ,
                   make
                   71808
                   =
                   D
                   Corr.
                   and
                   say
                   170.
                   12
                   
                   ∷
                   71808.
                   5069
                   
                   =
                   D
                   Corr.
                   also
                   and
                   say
                   
                   or
                   
                   for
                   
                     
                       
                         144.
                         170
                         ∷
                         360
                         ▪
                         425
                      
                       
                         &
                      
                       
                         divid
                         .
                         by
                         8.
                         
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         170.
                         144
                         
                         ∷
                         360.
                         305
                      
                    
                  
                   This
                   Watch
                   hath
                   4
                   wheels
                   besides
                   the
                   Crown
                   wheel
                   O
                   ,
                   which
                   by
                   help
                   of
                   their
                   quotients
                   ,
                   are
                   with
                   their
                   pinions
                   found
                   out
                   as
                   here
                   in
                   the
                   side
                   is
                   set
                   down
                   .
                   
                
                 
                 
                   23.
                   
                   This
                   Movement
                   being
                   given
                   ,
                   viz.
                   wherein
                   are
                   four
                   wheels
                   ,
                   besides
                   the
                   Crown
                   wheel
                   ,
                   
                   it
                   is
                   demanded
                   how
                   long
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   made
                   to
                   go
                   with
                   a
                   good
                   train
                   of
                   about
                   9000
                   for
                   D
                   say
                   60480.
                   900
                   
                   ∷
                   12
                
                 
                   D
                   ,
                   60480.
                   
                   T
                   ,
                   12.
                   25
                   
                   /
                   14
                   ,
                   B
                   /
                   α
                   (
                   β
                   And
                   25
                   /
                   14.12
                   ∷
                   12.80
                   16
                   /
                   24
                   for
                   C.
                   
                
                 
                   24.
                   
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   demanded
                   whether
                   it
                   may
                   not
                   be
                   made
                   to
                   go
                   150
                   hours
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   convenient
                   train
                   say
                   
                     C.
                     T
                     ∷
                     H.
                  
                   β
                   that
                   is
                   in
                   numbers
                   150.
                   12
                   
                   ∷
                   12.
                   144
                   
                   /
                   150
                   24
                   /
                   25
                   B
                   /
                   α
                   and
                   150.
                   12
                   
                   ∷
                   60480.
                   4838
                   
                   D
                   which
                   train
                   will
                   be
                   fit
                   enough
                   if
                   the
                   piece
                   be
                   big
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   is
                   too
                   slow
                   for
                   a
                   small
                   Watch.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   III.
                   Of
                   effecting
                   particular
                   motions
                   required
                   .
                
                 
                   25.
                   
                   THe
                   number
                   of
                   a
                   motion
                   is
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   the
                   turns
                   of
                   the
                   wheel
                   (
                   A
                   )
                   or
                   pinion
                   (
                   α
                   )
                   which
                   are
                   gone
                   in
                   one
                   revolution
                   of
                   that
                   motion
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   proportion
                   of
                   that
                   motion
                   to
                   one
                   turn
                   of
                   the
                   wheel
                   ,
                   D
                   =
                   β
                   
                     A
                     =
                     H.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   26.
                   
                   A
                   motion
                   to
                   shew
                   the
                   days
                   of
                   the
                   month
                   ;
                   because
                   the
                   greatest
                   number
                   of
                   days
                   in
                   any
                   month
                   is
                   31
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   one
                   day
                   B
                   goes
                   about
                   twice
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   a
                   motion
                   shewing
                   the
                   day
                   of
                   the
                   month
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   
                   or
                   
                   or
                   
                   (
                   for
                   (
                   α
                   )
                   pinion
                   1
                   moveth
                   not
                   )
                   but
                   B
                   /
                   
                     α
                     A
                  
                   are
                   all
                   ready
                   in
                   the
                   Movement
                   ,
                   therefore
                   
                   in
                   wheels
                   shall
                   express
                   the
                   motion
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   on
                   the
                   wheel
                   B
                   fix
                   concentrick
                   a
                   
                   pinion
                   10
                   leading
                   a
                   wheel
                   of
                   40
                   ,
                   which
                   again
                   by
                   a
                   pinion
                   of
                   4
                   shall
                   carry
                   about
                   a
                   ring
                   of
                   62
                   ,
                   divided
                   on
                   the
                   upper
                   side
                   into
                   31
                   days
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   IV.
                   A
                   Motion
                   to
                   shew
                   the
                   age
                   of
                   the
                   Moon
                   .
                
                 
                   27.
                   
                   BEcause
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   the
                   Moons
                   revolutions
                   is
                   days
                   29
                   ½
                   or
                   59
                   /
                   2
                   and
                   in
                   one
                   day
                   B
                   goes
                   twice
                   about
                   ,
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   a
                   Motion
                   shewing
                   the
                   age
                   of
                   the
                   Moon
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   
                   ,
                   or
                   59
                   /
                   4
                   x
                   4
                   /
                   1
                   x
                   B
                   /
                   
                     α
                     A
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                   (
                   for
                   a
                   pinion
                   1
                   moveth
                   not
                   )
                   but
                   
                   are
                   already
                   in
                   the
                   Movement
                   ,
                   therefore
                   59
                   /
                   4
                   x
                   40
                   /
                   10
                   B
                   in
                   wheels
                   shall
                   express
                   the
                   motion
                   this
                   upon
                   the
                   wheel
                   B
                   fix
                   concentrick
                   a
                   pinion
                   of
                   10
                   leading
                   a
                   wheel
                   of
                   40
                   ,
                   which
                   again
                   by
                   a
                   
                   pinion
                   of
                   4
                   shall
                   carry
                   about
                   a
                   ring
                   of
                   59
                   divided
                   into
                   days
                   29½
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   V.
                   A
                   Motion
                   to
                   shew
                   the
                   day
                   of
                   the
                   year
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   degree
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   in
                   the
                   Ecliptick
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Suns
                   rising
                   or
                   setting
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   28.
                   
                   BEcause
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   days
                   of
                   a
                   common
                   year
                   is
                   365
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   one
                   day
                   B
                   goeth
                   about
                   twice
                   ,
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   a
                   Motion
                   shewing
                   the
                   day
                   of
                   the
                   year
                   shall
                   be
                   ,
                   
                   ,
                   or
                   
                   ,
                   or
                   
                   ,
                   or
                   
                   (
                   for
                   a
                   pinion
                   1
                   moveth
                   not
                   )
                   but
                   
                   already
                   in
                   the
                   Movement
                   ,
                   therefore
                   
                   in
                   wheels
                   ,
                   shall
                   express
                   the
                   motion
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   upon
                   the
                   wheel
                   B
                   
                   fix
                   concentrick
                   a
                   pinion
                   of
                   4
                   ,
                   leading
                   a
                   wheel
                   of
                   20
                   ,
                   which
                   again
                   by
                   a
                   pinion
                   of
                   5
                   ,
                   leadeth
                   a
                   wheel
                   of
                   50
                   ,
                   which
                   thirdly
                   by
                   a
                   pinion
                   of
                   4
                   ,
                   shall
                   carry
                   about
                   a
                   wheel
                   of
                   73
                   ,
                   divided
                   on
                   the
                   upper
                   side
                   into
                   the
                   12
                   months
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   days
                   ,
                   or
                   into
                   the
                   12
                   signs
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   degrees
                   ,
                   or
                   into
                   the
                   hours
                   and
                   minutes
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   Suns
                   rising
                   or
                   setting
                   ,
                   agreeable
                   to
                   the
                   days
                   of
                   the
                   year
                   ,
                   in
                   that
                   Altitude
                   of
                   the
                   Pole
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   you
                   would
                   have
                   the
                   Watch
                   to
                   serve
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   VI.
                   To
                   shew
                   the
                   hour
                   of
                   full
                   tide
                   at
                   any
                   Port.
                   
                
                 
                   29.
                   
                   LEarn
                   in
                   what
                   point
                   the
                   Moon
                   makes
                   full
                   Sea
                   at
                   that
                   place
                   ,
                   (
                   as
                   at
                   
                   London-Bridge
                   on
                   N.
                   E.
                   and
                   S.
                   W.
                   )
                   convert
                   that
                   point
                   into
                   hours
                   ,
                   
                   allowing
                   for
                   every
                   point
                   ,
                   N.
                   or
                   S.
                   lost
                   45′
                   of
                   an
                   hour
                   ,
                   set
                   the
                   hour
                   so
                   found
                   gainst
                   12
                   a
                   clock
                   ,
                   and
                   beginning
                   at
                   that
                   hour
                   divide
                   a
                   ring
                   in
                   the
                   Dial-plate
                   ,
                   close
                   to
                   the
                   Moons
                   ring
                   ,
                   into
                   24
                   hours
                   ,
                   that
                   way
                   the
                   Moons
                   ring
                   moveth
                   ;
                   so
                   shall
                   the
                   day
                   of
                   conjunction
                   or
                   new
                   Moon
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   little
                   stud
                   ,
                   shew
                   the
                   hour
                   of
                   full
                   tide
                   in
                   that
                   part
                   or
                   place
                   every
                   day
                   .
                
              
            
             
               FINIS
               ,