The opinion of Padre Paolo of the Order of the Servites, consultor of state given to the Lords the Inquisitors of state, in what manner the republick of Venice ought to govern themselves both at home and abroad, to have perpetual dominion.
         Opinione come debba governarsi internamente ed esternamente la Repubblica di Venezia. English.
      
       
         
           1689
        
      
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             The opinion of Padre Paolo of the Order of the Servites, consultor of state given to the Lords the Inquisitors of state, in what manner the republick of Venice ought to govern themselves both at home and abroad, to have perpetual dominion.
             Opinione come debba governarsi internamente ed esternamente la Repubblica di Venezia. English.
             Sarpi, Paolo, 1552-1623.
             Aglionby, William, d. 1705.
          
           [25], 119 p.
           
             Printed for R. Bentley ...,
             London :
             1689.
          
           
             Translation of: Opinione come debba governarsi internamente ed esternamente la Repubblica di Venezia. Wrongly attributed to P. Scarpi. Cf. NUC pre-1956; Bianchi-Giovini, A.H. Biografia di Frà Paolo Sarpi.
             Epistle dedicatory signed: W. Aglionby.
             "Deliver'd by publick order in the year 1615"
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Italy -- History -- 1559-1789.
           Venice (Italy) -- History -- 1508-1797.
           Venice (Italy) -- Politics and government -- 1508-1797.
        
      
    
     
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           Licensed
           ,
        
         
           
             
               
                 July
                 20th
              
               .
               1689.
               
            
          
           
             J.
             FRASER
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           OPINION
           OF
           
             Padre
             Paolo
          
           ,
           OF
           THE
           Order
           of
           the
           Servites
           ,
           Consultor
           of
           STATE
           ,
           GIVEN
           To
           the
           Lords
           the
           Inquisitors
           of
           STATE
           .
           In
           what
           manner
           the
           Republick
           of
           VENICE
           Ought
           to
           govern
           themselves
           both
           at
           home
           and
           abroad
           ,
           to
           have
           perpetual
           Dominion
           .
        
         
           
             Deliver'd
             by
             Publick
             Order
             ,
             in
             the
             Year
          
           1615.
           
        
         
           LONDON
           :
           Printed
           for
           
             R.
             Bentley
          
           ,
           in
           Russel-Street
           in
           Covent-Garden
           .
           1689.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           THE
           Right
           Honourable
           HENRY
           ,
           Viscount
           Sydney
           ,
        
         
           Gentleman
           of
           the
           Bed-Chamber
           to
           His
           Majesty
           ,
           Collonel
           of
           the
           Royal
           Regiment
           of
           Foot-Guards
           ,
           and
           one
           of
           His
           Majesties
           Most
           Honourable
           Privy-Council
           .
        
         
           
             My
             Lord
             ,
          
        
         
           THough
           your
           design'd
           Favours
           to
           me
           might
           justly
           claim
           this
           offer
           of
           my
           Respects
           in
           a
           Dedication
           ,
           yet
           I
           must
           own
           ,
           That
           it
           is
           
           on
           of
           the
           next
           Age
           ,
           than
           your
           Lordship
           .
        
         
           In
           your
           Negotiation
           in
           Holland
           ,
           during
           the
           close
           Intrigues
           of
           the
           latter
           end
           of
           King
           Charles
           his
           Reign
           ,
           you
           strove
           to
           keep
           both
           him
           and
           us
           happy
           and
           quiet
           ,
           by
           promoting
           the
           true
           Interest
           of
           both
           :
           But
           when
           the
           Ferment
           of
           our
           Affairs
           forc'd
           you
           to
           more
           sensible
           demonstrations
           of
           your
           thoughts
           ,
           you
           Nobly
           chose
           rather
           to
           appear
           an
           ill
           Courtier
           ,
           than
           be
           thought
           an
           ill
           Man
           to
           your
           Country
           .
           The
           Protestant
           Interest
           carried
           it
           with
           you
           ,
           while
           the
           Roman
           Faction
           thought
           their
           designs
           as
           secure
           as
           they
           
           were
           deeply
           laid
           .
           'T
           is
           rare
           to
           find
           such
           Conduct
           and
           Courage
           in
           a
           Publick
           Minister
           :
           But
           what
           could
           be
           expected
           less
           from
           one
           ready
           to
           venture
           his
           Life
           in
           the
           Field
           at
           the
           Head
           of
           our
           Nation
           abroad
           ,
           against
           that
           unquiet
           Monarch
           who
           was
           then
           invading
           all
           the
           Liberty
           Mankind
           had
           left
           .
        
         
           Heaven
           ,
           My
           Lord
           ,
           has
           at
           last
           bless'd
           these
           constant
           endeavours
           for
           
           England's
           Prosperity
           ,
           and
           we
           see
           you
           in
           the
           Councils
           and
           Privacy
           of
           a
           Prince
           born
           for
           our
           Felicity
           .
        
         
           The
           Great
           Queen
           of
           this
           Monarchy
           ,
           who
           so
           lov'd
           her
           
           People
           ,
           and
           understood
           their
           Interest
           ,
           had
           a
           Sydney
           for
           her
           Favourite
           ,
           and
           such
           a
           man
           as
           she
           admir'd
           living
           ,
           and
           lamented
           dead
           ;
           and
           our
           King
           ,
           who
           has
           begun
           with
           restoring
           this
           Nation
           to
           its
           true
           Interest
           ,
           and
           will
           ,
           no
           question
           ,
           advance
           its
           Glory
           to
           the
           highest
           pitch
           ,
           has
           your
           Lordship
           in
           his
           Councils
           and
           Arms
           ,
           Guarded
           by
           you
           in
           the
           day
           ,
           he
           sleeps
           often
           under
           your
           care
           in
           the
           Night
           ,
           safe
           in
           your
           Loyalty
           ,
           and
           pleas'd
           in
           your
           attendance
           .
        
         
           To
           whom
           then
           could
           I
           more
           properly
           offer
           these
           Arcanums
           of
           a
           Wise
           Government
           ,
           than
           to
           one
           who
           must
           
           be
           a
           good
           Judge
           of
           all
           Writings
           of
           that
           kind
           ;
           and
           therefore
           with
           repeated
           Offers
           of
           my
           humble
           Respects
           ,
           and
           readiness
           to
           obey
           your
           Lordship's
           Commands
           ,
           I
           take
           leave
           ,
           and
           am
           ,
        
         
           
             My
             Lord
             ,
          
           
             Your
             Lordship
             's
             Most
             Humble
             and
             most
             Devoted
             Obedient
             Servant
             ,
             
               W.
               Aglionby
            
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
         
           THE
           PREFACE
           .
        
         
           THat
           
             Padre
             Paulo
             Sarpi
          
           ,
           of
           the
           Order
           of
           the
           Servites
           ,
           is
           the
           Author
           of
           this
           Treatise
           ,
           there
           needs
           no
           other
           proof
           than
           the
           reading
           of
           it
           ;
           for
           whoever
           is
           acquainted
           either
           with
           his
           style
           ,
           or
           his
           manner
           of
           thinking
           ,
           must
           of
           necessity
           acknowledge
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           both
           here
           .
           And
           indeed
           we
           may
           say
           ,
           that
           this
           is
           not
           only
           a
           true
           representation
           of
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Venetian
           Republick
           ,
           but
           that
           the
           Author
           also
           (
           like
           great
           Painters
           ,
           
           who
           in
           all
           their
           Works
           give
           us
           their
           own
           Genius
           with
           the
           mixture
           of
           the
           Representation
           )
           has
           likewise
           drawn
           the
           truest
           Picture
           of
           himself
           .
           He
           was
           one
           of
           the
           greatest
           men
           of
           his
           Age
           ,
           of
           vast
           Natural
           Parts
           ,
           to
           which
           he
           had
           added
           all
           the
           acquir'd
           ones
           that
           great
           Study
           and
           much
           Conversation
           with
           Men
           could
           give
           him
           :
           It
           was
           he
           who
           defended
           the
           Republick
           in
           the
           dispute
           they
           had
           with
           Pope
           Paul
           the
           5th
           ;
           which
           he
           did
           so
           solidly
           ,
           and
           yet
           so
           modestly
           ,
           that
           his
           Subject
           never
           carried
           him
           either
           to
           Invectives
           or
           Railleries
           ,
           unbeseeming
           the
           Gravity
           of
           the
           Matter
           ,
           nor
           the
           Dignity
           of
           the
           Persons
           whose
           Cause
           he
           managed
           ;
           that
           Quarrel
           being
           
           accommodated
           by
           the
           interposition
           of
           the
           Kings
           of
           France
           and
           Spain
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           Republick
           had
           all
           the
           advantage
           possible
           :
           The
           Senate
           ,
           very
           sensible
           of
           the
           Obligation
           they
           had
           to
           
             P.
             Paulo
          
           ;
           made
           him
           
             Consultor
             of
             State
          
           ,
           and
           added
           an
           Honourable
           Pension
           for
           his
           Life
           ,
           giving
           him
           at
           the
           same
           time
           Order
           to
           view
           all
           their
           secret
           Records
           ,
           where
           all
           their
           Papers
           and
           Instruments
           of
           State
           were
           laid
           up
           ;
           all
           which
           he
           reduc'd
           into
           such
           a
           new
           order
           ,
           as
           that
           they
           might
           be
           recurr'd
           to
           with
           the
           greatest
           ease
           imaginable
           upon
           all
           occasions
           .
           The
           Esteem
           they
           made
           of
           his
           Abilities
           was
           so
           great
           ,
           that
           they
           never
           had
           any
           important
           debate
           in
           which
           either
           
           by
           publick
           order
           ,
           or
           by
           the
           private
           application
           of
           some
           of
           their
           Senators
           ,
           they
           did
           not
           take
           his
           advice
           ;
           which
           most
           commonly
           was
           assented
           to
           afterwards
           .
           Towards
           the
           latter
           end
           of
           his
           Life
           ,
           the
           
             Inquisitors
             of
             State
          
           seeing
           that
           they
           could
           not
           hope
           long
           for
           the
           continuation
           of
           those
           Oracles
           ,
           resolv'd
           ,
           that
           once
           for
           all
           he
           should
           impart
           them
           his
           thoughts
           upon
           the
           whole
           Constitution
           of
           their
           Government
           ,
           and
           withal
           ,
           add
           his
           Opinion
           touching
           their
           Future
           Conduct
           both
           within
           and
           without
           ;
           and
           that
           is
           this
           Piece
           with
           which
           I
           now
           present
           the
           Publick
           .
           As
           it
           was
           made
           for
           the
           perusal
           of
           those
           only
           who
           were
           the
           participants
           of
           all
           the
           Arcanums
           of
           the
           Empire
           ;
           
           it
           is
           writ
           with
           less
           regard
           to
           the
           Publick
           Censure
           ,
           to
           which
           he
           suppos'd
           it
           would
           never
           be
           subject
           .
           All
           other
           Writers
           of
           Politicks
           may
           in
           one
           thing
           be
           justly
           suspected
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           that
           when
           they
           write
           with
           a
           design
           of
           publishing
           their
           Works
           to
           Mankind
           ,
           they
           must
           have
           a
           regard
           to
           many
           considerations
           both
           of
           the
           times
           they
           write
           in
           ,
           and
           Opinions
           that
           are
           then
           receiv'd
           by
           the
           People
           ,
           as
           also
           to
           the
           Establish'd
           Forms
           both
           of
           Government
           and
           Religion
           ;
           besides
           that
           Self-love
           too
           will
           not
           let
           them
           forget
           their
           own
           Glory
           ,
           for
           the
           sake
           of
           which
           they
           often
           swerve
           from
           the
           true
           Rules
           of
           writing
           ;
           but
           here
           all
           these
           considerations
           ceas'd
           ;
           the
           Work
           is
           directed
           
           to
           those
           whose
           Interest
           it
           was
           to
           conceal
           it
           :
           And
           for
           the
           Author
           himself
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           said
           ,
           it
           was
           rather
           his
           Legacy
           than
           any
           desire
           of
           shewing
           his
           Abilities
           ,
           which
           by
           other
           Pieces
           of
           his
           were
           already
           sufficiently
           publish'd
           to
           the
           World.
           But
           what
           an
           Idea
           must
           we
           have
           of
           that
           Man
           whom
           a
           
             Venetian
             Senate
          
           not
           only
           admitted
           to
           their
           Debates
           ,
           but
           consulted
           upon
           the
           whole
           Frame
           of
           their
           Government
           ;
           a
           Senate
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           justly
           deserving
           the
           Titles
           of
           Wise
           and
           Great
           ;
           who
           have
           maintain'd
           their
           State
           for
           1200
           years
           ,
           with
           little
           alteration
           ;
           who
           have
           been
           a
           Bulwark
           to
           the
           Christian
           World
           against
           the
           most
           potent
           Invader
           that
           ever
           was
           ;
           who
           at
           the
           same
           
           time
           have
           struggled
           with
           all
           the
           Christian
           Princes
           united
           ,
           and
           headed
           ,
           even
           by
           Popes
           ,
           whose
           spiritual
           power
           alone
           has
           been
           able
           to
           subvert
           greater
           Empires
           :
           This
           Senate
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           the
           wisest
           of
           them
           ,
           the
           
             Inquisitors
             of
             State
          
           ,
           who
           have
           the
           whole
           Executive
           Power
           in
           their
           hands
           ,
           cannot
           let
           this
           Subject
           of
           theirs
           leave
           the
           World
           without
           having
           from
           him
           a
           Scheme
           of
           their
           present
           Affairs
           ,
           and
           a
           prospect
           of
           the
           Occurrences
           to
           come
           :
           Nothing
           certainly
           can
           give
           us
           a
           greater
           Idea
           of
           
             Padre
             Paulo
          
           ,
           nor
           shew
           us
           how
           great
           Abilities
           in
           the
           most
           retired
           and
           concealed
           Subjects
           ,
           will
           break
           out
           in
           all
           wise
           Governments
           ,
           and
           cannot
           long
           be
           conceal'd
           .
        
         
         
           As
           to
           the
           work
           it self
           ,
           I
           shall
           say
           little
           ,
           it
           being
           improper
           to
           forestall
           the
           Reader
           's
           Judgment
           by
           mine
           ;
           but
           I
           think
           I
           may
           venture
           to
           give
           him
           some
           cautions
           against
           a
           surprise
           ,
           from
           some
           bold
           Maxims
           and
           arbitrary
           Positions
           which
           he
           will
           meet
           with
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           not
           expect
           from
           one
           of
           our
           Author's
           Profession
           ,
           nor
           in
           the
           Methods
           of
           a
           Government
           which
           carries
           the
           specious
           and
           popular
           Title
           of
           Liberty
           in
           the
           Head
           of
           it
           .
           As
           to
           the
           Author
           ,
           tho
           he
           were
           a
           religious
           man
           ,
           and
           a
           very
           strict
           observer
           of
           that
           Life
           ;
           yet
           being
           above
           ordinary
           methods
           ,
           and
           having
           a
           Mind
           elevated
           beyond
           his
           sphere
           ,
           he
           thought
           ,
           that
           not
           only
           he
           might
           ,
           but
           that
           he
           ought
           to
           go
           
           to
           the
           Extent
           of
           his
           Capacity
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           to
           advise
           those
           whom
           God
           Almighty
           had
           invested
           with
           Soveraign
           Power
           .
           I
           his
           makes
           him
           lay
           down
           that
           great
           Maxim
           ,
           
             That
             all
             is
             just
             that
             contributes
             to
             the
             preservation
             of
             the
             Government
          
           ;
           and
           in
           a
           natural
           deduction
           from
           this
           ,
           advise
           in
           some
           cases
           not
           to
           stand
           upon
           common
           proceedings
           .
           I
           remember
           the
           Author
           of
           his
           Life
           says
           ,
           That
           he
           had
           adapted
           most
           of
           the
           Aphorisms
           of
           Hippocrates
           ,
           about
           the
           Diseases
           and
           Cure
           of
           the
           Body
           natural
           ,
           to
           those
           of
           the
           Body
           politick
           ;
           and
           if
           so
           ,
           he
           could
           not
           forget
           that
           of
           ,
           
             
               Extremis
               Morbis
               extrema
               Remedia
               ,
            
          
           which
           alone
           would
           warrant
           all
           uncommon
           proceedings
           .
        
         
         
           Most
           people
           have
           an
           Idea
           of
           Commonwealths
           ,
           not
           unlike
           that
           which
           Poets
           and
           young
           people
           have
           of
           the
           
             Golden
             Age
          
           ,
           where
           they
           fancy
           ,
           that
           without
           either
           labour
           ,
           solicitude
           ,
           or
           chagrin
           ,
           people
           past
           their
           time
           in
           the
           Innocent
           Pleasures
           of
           Love
           and
           Musick
           ,
           and
           other
           soft
           Delights
           ;
           so
           the
           World
           imagines
           ,
           that
           a
           Popular
           Government
           is
           all
           sweetness
           and
           liberty
           ,
           precarious
           ,
           and
           depending
           upon
           their
           Votes
           ,
           free
           from
           oppression
           and
           slavery
           ,
           and
           constant
           to
           known
           methods
           :
           but
           all
           this
           is
           a
           very
           wrong
           Conception
           ;
           they
           are
           invested
           with
           Soveraign
           Power
           ,
           and
           must
           and
           do
           use
           it
           for
           their
           own
           preservation
           ,
           as
           absolutely
           as
           any
           Soveraign
           Prince
           in
           
           the
           World
           ;
           and
           whoever
           shall
           seriously
           consider
           the
           Machine
           of
           this
           Venetian
           State
           ,
           must
           own
           ,
           that
           neither
           the
           Governors
           themselves
           ,
           nor
           the
           people
           governed
           by
           them
           ,
           have
           any
           such
           Excellent
           and
           Inviting
           Prerogatives
           ,
           as
           can
           justly
           give
           them
           a
           Superiority
           to
           the
           Government
           of
           a
           wise
           Prince
           ,
           and
           well
           dispos'd
           People
           in
           a
           limited
           Monarchy
           .
           But
           I
           have
           said
           enough
           of
           this
           ;
           the
           Reader
           will
           best
           judge
           ,
           whether
           the
           reading
           of
           this
           Book
           will
           enamour
           him
           of
           a
           Republican
           Government
           or
           not
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           no
           more
           to
           say
           ,
           but
           that
           this
           is
           a
           very
           faithful
           Translation
           from
           an
           Original
           Manuscript
           communicated
           to
           me
           in
           Italy
           ,
           
           where
           it
           begins
           to
           creep
           abroad
           ;
           and
           if
           we
           had
           in
           England
           the
           conveniency
           of
           Workmen
           that
           could
           Print
           Italian
           correctly
           ,
           I
           would
           have
           publish'd
           both
           the
           Original
           and
           my
           Translation
           together
           .
        
         
           The
           words
           of
           Quarantie
           and
           Avogadore
           ,
           may
           puzzle
           some
           people
           ;
           but
           they
           will
           easily
           understand
           ,
           that
           the
           first
           is
           a
           kind
           of
           
             Bench
             of
             Judges
          
           deligated
           out
           of
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           lesser
           Nobility
           ,
           for
           the
           Trial
           of
           Civil
           and
           some
           Criminal
           Causes
           ;
           and
           the
           other
           is
           the
           Name
           of
           a
           great
           Magistrate
           in
           Venice
           ,
           who
           among
           other
           Priviledges
           ,
           has
           that
           of
           carrying
           the
           Sentences
           of
           the
           Council
           of
           Ten
           before
           the
           great
           Council
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           THE
           OPINION
           OF
           
             Padre
             Paolo
          
           ,
        
         
           Most
           Illustrious
           and
           Excellent
           Lords
           ,
           the
           Inquisitors
           of
           State
           ,
        
         
           I
           Write
           by
           Obedience
           to
           your
           Lordship's
           Commands
           ,
           without
           Reflection
           upon
           my
           own
           small
           Abilities
           ,
           because
           the
           Chief
           Consideration
           of
           a
           Subject
           ought
           to
           be
           to
           obey
           his
           Prince
           .
        
         
           Your
           Excellencies
           have
           commanded
           me
           to
           deliver
           my
           Opinion
           ,
           
           how
           the
           
             Venetian
             Republick
          
           ought
           to
           regulate
           it self
           ,
           to
           hope
           for
           a
           perpetual
           Duration
           .
           To
           obtain
           a
           true
           Notion
           of
           this
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           necessary
           to
           distinguish
           ,
           and
           first
           to
           regulate
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           in
           which
           will
           be
           comprehended
           the
           manner
           of
           keeping
           the
           Nobles
           and
           the
           Citizens
           to
           their
           Duty
           ;
           then
           look
           abroad
           to
           the
           rest
           of
           your
           Dominions
           :
           and
           lastly
           give
           some
           Form
           to
           the
           dealing
           with
           Foreign
           Princes
           .
        
         
           To
           begin
           with
           the
           First
           ,
           I
           might
           in
           short
           put
           you
           in
           mind
           of
           the
           Saying
           of
           St.
           Bernardino
           of
           Siena
           ,
           to
           the
           
             Doge
             M●ro
          
           ,
           who
           said
           ,
           That
           the
           Republick
           should
           continue
           so
           long
           as
           they
           should
           keep
           to
           the
           Rule
           of
           doing
           Exact
           Justice
           ;
           but
           to
           come
           nearer
           to
           the
           matter
           ,
           and
           the
           Condition
           of
           these
           Times
           ,
           we
           must
           reduce
           under
           that
           Head
           of
           Justice
           ,
           all
           that
           contributes
           to
           the
           Service
           of
           the
           State
           ;
           and
           ,
           to
           speak
           yet
           more
           succinctly
           ,
           we
           will
           lay
           it
           
           down
           as
           a
           Maxim
           ,
           
             That
             all
             is
             just
             which
             is
             any
             ways
             necessary
             for
             the
             maintaining
             of
             the
             Government
             .
          
        
         
           In
           the
           particular
           Government
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           't
           is
           an
           excellent
           Custom
           to
           lay
           the
           Impositions
           as
           well
           upon
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           as
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Citizens
           .
           First
           ,
           Because
           the
           Burden
           is
           less
           when
           it
           is
           general
           :
           And
           ,
           Secondly
           ,
           Because
           't
           is
           just
           when
           't
           is
           without
           Partiality
           .
           There
           is
           no
           doubt
           but
           it
           lessens
           something
           of
           the
           Splendor
           of
           the
           Nobility
           to
           see
           them
           tax'd
           particularly
           ,
           since
           in
           many
           Governments
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           ,
           though
           they
           are
           Subjects
           ,
           and
           not
           part
           of
           the
           Government
           ,
           do
           nevertheless
           enjoy
           a
           Freedom
           from
           Taxes
           ,
           and
           contribute
           more
           with
           their
           Sword
           than
           Purse
           ,
           towards
           the
           Publick
           Charge
           :
           But
           since
           the
           Ancient
           Simplicity
           of
           our
           Ancestors
           has
           patiently
           submitted
           to
           this
           Yoak
           ;
           and
           because
           the
           Priviledges
           of
           the
           Sword
           are
           dangerous
           
           in
           a
           Commonwealth
           ,
           I
           think
           't
           is
           advisable
           not
           to
           innovate
           in
           this
           Point
           ,
           because
           such
           a
           change
           would
           give
           too
           much
           offence
           to
           the
           rest
           of
           your
           People
           ,
           and
           too
           much
           Haughtiness
           to
           your
           own
           Nobility
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           that
           when
           the
           Taxes
           are
           upon
           the
           Lands
           ,
           so
           as
           to
           be
           unavoidable
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           convenient
           to
           give
           the
           Nobility
           all
           the
           advantage
           of
           time
           for
           payment
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           ,
           if
           they
           are
           insolvent
           ,
           it
           will
           not
           be
           amiss
           to
           neglect
           the
           rigorous
           Exaction
           of
           the
           Law
           ,
           that
           so
           the
           Nobility
           be
           not
           ruin'd
           ,
           because
           Extreams
           are
           always
           dangerous
           ,
           and
           the
           Republick
           may
           suffer
           as
           much
           from
           having
           too
           many
           poor
           Noblemen
           ,
           as
           from
           having
           too
           many
           rich
           ones
           ;
           besides
           the
           Envy
           and
           Jealousie
           that
           must
           be
           in
           the
           hearts
           of
           those
           who
           shall
           find
           themselves
           naked
           ,
           and
           their
           Equals
           cloathed
           with
           their
           Garments
           ,
           and
           that
           only
           for
           not
           having
           been
           able
           to
           pay
           an
           Imposition
           laid
           upon
           them
           
           by
           other
           Peoples
           Contrivance
           .
        
         
           There
           are
           some
           ,
           who
           not
           making
           a
           right
           Judgment
           of
           things
           ,
           do
           inveigh
           extreamly
           against
           a
           Custom
           of
           this
           Republick
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           having
           so
           many
           Offices
           and
           Places
           of
           so
           small
           Revenue
           ,
           that
           those
           who
           enjoy
           them
           are
           almost
           necessitated
           to
           be
           corrupt
           ;
           and
           so
           after
           they
           have
           been
           Judges
           and
           Governours
           ,
           forc'd
           to
           come
           under
           the
           lash
           of
           the
           Law
           ,
           or
           to
           justifie
           their
           Integrity
           ,
           if
           they
           can
           :
           This
           seems
           a
           notorious
           Abuse
           ,
           and
           carries
           with
           it
           some
           appearance
           .
           But
           however
           ,
           I
           should
           never
           advise
           to
           make
           these
           Imployments
           better
           ,
           because
           there
           results
           from
           this
           another
           greater
           advantage
           to
           the
           State
           ,
           which
           is
           to
           keep
           the
           small
           Nobility
           under
           ;
           for
           they
           may
           be
           compar'd
           to
           the
           Adder
           ,
           which
           cannot
           exert
           its
           Poyson
           when
           't
           is
           numm'd
           with
           Cold
           :
           And
           if
           these
           Nobles
           ,
           who
           are
           by
           inclination
           discontented
           ,
           should
           once
           arrive
           but
           to
           a
           Mediocrity
           in
           Fortune
           ,
           
           they
           would
           presently
           contest
           with
           the
           great
           ones
           ,
           and
           by
           strength
           of
           their
           Numbers
           play
           some
           ill
           Trick
           to
           the
           Government
           :
           whereas
           now
           they
           are
           kept
           to
           their
           Duty
           ,
           not
           only
           by
           Poverty
           ,
           which
           clips
           the
           Wings
           of
           Ambition
           ,
           but
           also
           by
           being
           subject
           to
           the
           Censure
           of
           the
           great
           ones
           ,
           for
           having
           misbehav'd
           themselves
           in
           their
           Governments
           .
           Indead
           I
           could
           think
           it
           prudent
           to
           proceed
           against
           them
           something
           coldly
           ,
           unless
           they
           are
           guilty
           of
           very
           great
           Enormities
           ,
           such
           as
           scandalize
           the
           generality
           of
           your
           Subjects
           ;
           for
           then
           't
           is
           necessary
           to
           shew
           a
           publick
           resentment
           :
           But
           otherwise
           I
           would
           have
           them
           handled
           gently
           ,
           it
           being
           a
           kind
           of
           punishment
           to
           lye
           open
           to
           a
           Prosecution
           :
           And
           indeed
           I
           would
           never
           have
           any
           Nobleman
           ,
           though
           never
           so
           guilty
           ,
           be
           condemned
           to
           a
           Publick
           Infamous
           Death
           ,
           because
           the
           Damage
           that
           results
           from
           thence
           upon
           the
           whole
           Order
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           
           when
           they
           are
           seen
           to
           pass
           through
           the
           Hands
           of
           an
           Hangman
           ,
           is
           greater
           than
           the
           Good
           of
           a
           Publick
           Example
           can
           avail
           .
           Neither
           on
           the
           other
           side
           would
           I
           have
           these
           Noblemen
           ,
           thus
           guilty
           ,
           to
           walk
           the
           Streets
           ,
           and
           be
           seen
           in
           publick
           ,
           because
           then
           your
           Subjects
           would
           conceive
           a
           sinister
           Opinion
           of
           your
           Justice
           ;
           but
           they
           should
           be
           kept
           in
           Prison
           ,
           or
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           necessary
           ,
           be
           privately
           dispatch'd
           .
        
         
           If
           these
           Criminals
           fly
           from
           Justice
           ,
           then
           you
           may
           use
           the
           utmost
           severity
           in
           your
           banishing
           of
           them
           ;
           because
           then
           it
           appears
           ,
           that
           if
           nothing
           more
           be
           done
           ,
           nothing
           more
           was
           feasible
           ;
           and
           let
           the
           same
           Rigour
           be
           observ'd
           in
           keeping
           them
           out
           :
           for
           since
           they
           are
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           gangreen'd
           Members
           cut
           off
           from
           the
           Body
           ,
           it
           will
           not
           be
           expedient
           to
           unite
           them
           again
           to
           it
           with
           deformity
           of
           the
           whole
           .
        
         
           Here
           I
           foresee
           I
           shall
           be
           censur'd
           by
           some
           ,
           as
           a
           bad
           Pilot
           ,
           who
           endeavouring
           
           to
           shun
           Scylla
           ,
           runs
           upon
           Carybdis
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           while
           I
           aim
           at
           keeping
           the
           small
           Nobility
           under
           ,
           I
           forget
           the
           danger
           may
           arise
           from
           the
           Great
           ,
           and
           the
           Rich
           of
           that
           Order
           .
           I
           see
           the
           Objection
           ,
           but
           do
           not
           value
           it
           ;
           and
           my
           Reason
           is
           ,
           the
           long
           Observation
           I
           have
           made
           of
           the
           Nature
           of
           this
           City
           ,
           by
           the
           strength
           of
           which
           I
           dare
           boldly
           affirm
           ,
           that
           the
           Republick
           of
           Venice
           will
           never
           come
           to
           its
           end
           by
           that
           which
           has
           ruin'd
           all
           other
           Republicks
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           when
           the
           power
           has
           been
           reduc'd
           first
           into
           a
           few
           hands
           ,
           and
           then
           their
           Authority
           devolv'd
           upon
           one
           who
           has
           erected
           a
           Monarchy
           .
           The
           strange
           Emulation
           that
           reigns
           here
           among
           the
           great
           ones
           ,
           even
           among
           those
           of
           the
           same
           Family
           ;
           nay
           ,
           that
           is
           between
           Brothers
           themselves
           ,
           does
           secure
           the
           Government
           from
           this
           danger
           ;
           and
           if
           by
           a
           Supposition
           ,
           almost
           impossible
           ,
           all
           the
           Brothers
           of
           one
           Family
           had
           the
           power
           given
           
           them
           of
           making
           a
           Dictator
           ,
           I
           am
           confident
           they
           would
           never
           agree
           to
           chuse
           one
           among
           themselves
           ,
           but
           would
           rather
           chuse
           to
           be
           a
           part
           of
           the
           Government
           ,
           divided
           among
           a
           Thousand
           Gentlemen
           ,
           than
           to
           be
           Princes
           of
           the
           Blood
           ,
           and
           Subjects
           .
        
         
           The
           Great
           Governments
           ,
           called
           
             Governments
             of
             Expence
          
           ,
           and
           so
           contriv'd
           on
           purpose
           by
           our
           prudent
           Ancestors
           ,
           to
           give
           an
           occasion
           to
           those
           who
           are
           too
           rich
           to
           lessen
           their
           Riches
           ;
           ought
           to
           be
           dispos'd
           of
           according
           to
           the
           Intention
           of
           their
           first
           Institution
           :
           That
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           not
           to
           those
           who
           have
           no
           means
           to
           sustain
           such
           a
           Burden
           ,
           and
           must
           be
           forc'd
           by
           consequence
           to
           compass
           them
           
             per
             fas
             &
             nefas
          
           ;
           and
           if
           they
           are
           Honest
           ,
           must
           do
           it
           foolishly
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           not
           wicked
           enough
           to
           do
           it
           knavishly
           ,
           and
           so
           either
           acquire
           the
           Hatred
           of
           those
           they
           govern
           ,
           or
           be
           laugh'd
           at
           ,
           and
           contemned
           by
           them
           .
           This
           
           is
           a
           Point
           of
           great
           Importance
           ;
           and
           he
           who
           goes
           through
           such
           an
           Imployment
           meanly
           ,
           and
           without
           Expence
           ,
           demerits
           extreamly
           of
           his
           Countrey
           ,
           because
           he
           renders
           the
           Person
           that
           represents
           the
           State
           contemptible
           ;
           and
           all
           Rebellions
           of
           Subjects
           have
           had
           their
           first
           Original
           Rise
           from
           the
           Contempt
           of
           the
           Prince
           .
        
         
           The
           Contests
           that
           happen
           between
           Nobleman
           and
           Nobleman
           of
           equal
           Fortunes
           ,
           and
           are
           follow'd
           by
           Attempts
           upon
           one
           another
           ,
           may
           be
           conniv'd
           at
           when
           they
           are
           reconcil'd
           ;
           but
           if
           the
           thing
           be
           between
           a
           Nobleman
           of
           the
           Better
           sort
           ,
           and
           one
           of
           the
           Lesser
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           chastis'd
           with
           some
           appearance
           of
           Severity
           at
           least
           ,
           for
           fear
           the
           Humours
           of
           the
           small
           Nobility
           should
           be
           stirr'd
           ;
           But
           if
           one
           of
           these
           shall
           attack
           a
           Nobleman
           of
           the
           First
           Rate
           ,
           let
           him
           be
           punish'd
           with
           a
           heavy
           hand
           ,
           lest
           the
           Party
           injur'd
           ,
           being
           potent
           in
           Friends
           ,
           go
           
           about
           to
           do
           himself
           Justice
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           detriment
           of
           the
           Publick
           Authority
           :
           But
           if
           a
           Nobleman
           do
           commit
           an
           Enormity
           towards
           a
           Subject
           ,
           first
           let
           there
           be
           all
           the
           endeavour
           possible
           used
           to
           justifie
           him
           ;
           and
           if
           that
           cannot
           be
           ,
           let
           the
           punishment
           be
           with
           more
           Noise
           than
           Harm
           ;
           But
           if
           a
           Subject
           insults
           a
           Nobleman
           ,
           let
           the
           Revenge
           be
           sharp
           and
           publick
           ,
           that
           the
           Subjects
           may
           not
           accustom
           themselves
           to
           lay
           hands
           upon
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           but
           rather
           think
           them
           Venerable
           and
           Sacred
           .
        
         
           In
           Civil
           Judicatures
           it
           would
           be
           requisite
           to
           act
           without
           Passion
           ,
           to
           take
           away
           that
           ill
           Opinion
           that
           Men
           have
           of
           the
           Partiality
           of
           Justice
           ,
           in
           favour
           of
           the
           Great
           .
           This
           Belief
           must
           be
           destroyed
           ;
           for
           a
           Subject
           that
           once
           thinks
           himself
           prejudg'd
           by
           the
           Quality
           of
           his
           Adversary
           ,
           will
           never
           be
           capable
           of
           seeing
           whether
           his
           Cause
           has
           been
           decided
           according
           to
           the
           merit
           
           of
           it
           or
           no
           :
           Therefore
           there
           can
           never
           be
           too
           much
           diligence
           used
           in
           the
           Administration
           of
           Civil
           Judicatures
           ,
           which
           are
           one
           of
           the
           greatest
           Foundations
           of
           Government
           ;
           for
           when
           a
           Subject
           can
           say
           to
           himself
           ,
           That
           he
           shall
           have
           Justice
           ,
           if
           his
           Case
           deserves
           it
           ,
           he
           submits
           to
           a
           great
           many
           other
           Grievances
           without
           repining
           :
           And
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           though
           after
           an
           unjust
           Sentence
           ,
           he
           should
           be
           indulg'd
           in
           some
           Criminal
           Matter
           ,
           he
           will
           never
           have
           a
           Love
           for
           the
           Government
           ,
           because
           the
           Injury
           receiv'd
           ,
           will
           stick
           in
           his
           Memory
           ,
           and
           the
           Indulgence
           will
           vanish
           out
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           The
           Quarrels
           between
           the
           Plebeians
           may
           be
           judged
           according
           to
           the
           common
           course
           of
           Justice
           ,
           which
           may
           there
           appear
           in
           its
           Natural
           Being
           ,
           there
           arising
           no
           Politick
           Grounds
           to
           disturb
           the
           Course
           of
           it
           ;
           nay
           ,
           rather
           their
           little
           Animosities
           are
           to
           be
           fomented
           ,
           
           as
           Cato
           us'd
           to
           do
           in
           his
           Family
           ;
           and
           for
           this
           Reason
           ,
           wise
           Antiquity
           permitted
           the
           Encounters
           and
           Battles
           that
           are
           still
           practis'd
           in
           this
           City
           ,
           between
           several
           Parties
           of
           the
           People
           ;
           But
           all
           Assemblies
           of
           numerous
           Bodies
           are
           to
           be
           avoided
           as
           the
           Plague
           ,
           because
           nothing
           can
           sooner
           overturn
           the
           Commonwealth
           ,
           than
           the
           Facility
           the
           People
           may
           meet
           with
           in
           getting
           together
           to
           confer
           or
           debate
           about
           their
           Grievances
           ;
           Nay
           ,
           this
           thing
           is
           so
           dangerous
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           to
           be
           detested
           and
           abhorr'd
           ,
           even
           in
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           because
           that
           there
           being
           in
           all
           Bodies
           some
           ill
           Humours
           ,
           if
           they
           are
           not
           united
           ,
           either
           they
           do
           not
           work
           at
           all
           ,
           or
           do
           not
           work
           ill
           ;
           But
           if
           they
           once
           are
           in
           a
           Mass
           ,
           and
           take
           their
           course
           one
           way
           ,
           they
           not
           only
           are
           hard
           to
           cure
           ,
           but
           often
           prove
           mortal
           to
           the
           Body
           .
           Let
           there
           be
           a
           careful
           watch
           upon
           all
           Seditious
           Discourses
           ,
           nay
           ,
           upon
           all
           Speculative
           ones
           that
           seem
           any
           way
           
           to
           censure
           the
           Government
           ;
           and
           set
           before
           your
           Eyes
           the
           Example
           of
           Heresies
           ,
           which
           have
           never
           so
           much
           wasted
           the
           Church
           as
           when
           they
           have
           had
           their
           Beginnings
           from
           Curiosity
           and
           Jests
           .
        
         
           Let
           the
           City
           Arsenal
           be
           kept
           up
           ,
           though
           there
           be
           not
           present
           occasion
           for
           it
           ,
           because
           things
           that
           depend
           upon
           Time
           ,
           must
           be
           anticipated
           by
           time
           .
           Let
           the
           Masters
           and
           Tradesmen
           of
           the
           place
           be
           kept
           satisfied
           ,
           and
           upon
           any
           Fault
           committed
           ,
           let
           the
           Punishment
           be
           Paternal
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           with
           seeming
           Rigour
           ,
           but
           not
           such
           as
           to
           make
           them
           run
           away
           ;
           for
           ,
           if
           possible
           ,
           they
           are
           to
           believe
           the
           Fable
           of
           the
           Mouse
           ,
           who
           thought
           its
           hole
           to
           be
           all
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           Let
           the
           Publick
           Secretaries
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           Officers
           that
           must
           be
           inform'd
           of
           the
           Publick
           Concerns
           ,
           be
           chosen
           with
           care
           ,
           as
           like
           to
           be
           faithful
           and
           diligent
           ;
           but
           when
           once
           admitted
           ,
           though
           they
           should
           prove
           
           otherwise
           ,
           let
           them
           be
           born
           withal
           ,
           because
           there
           is
           need
           of
           but
           a
           few
           to
           do
           well
           :
           But
           every
           single
           Officer
           can
           do
           hurt
           ;
           and
           it
           's
           much
           easier
           to
           defend
           ones
           self
           from
           a
           Potent
           Foreign
           Enemy
           ,
           than
           from
           an
           ill-meaning
           Servant
           .
        
         
           Let
           the
           Manufactures
           which
           are
           peculiar
           to
           Venice
           ,
           be
           preserv'd
           ;
           and
           to
           that
           end
           let
           them
           not
           be
           loaded
           with
           many
           Impositions
           ,
           because
           that
           Profit
           and
           Gain
           which
           has
           made
           Men
           venture
           through
           a
           Thousand
           Difficulties
           ,
           to
           discover
           New
           Worlds
           ,
           will
           still
           carry
           the
           Merchant
           ,
           if
           he
           cannot
           have
           it
           at
           home
           ,
           to
           seek
           it
           abroad
           ,
           though
           he
           go
           to
           the
           Antipodes
           for
           it
           .
           Preserve
           the
           Artists
           therefore
           ,
           remembring
           that
           most
           Arts
           are
           a
           kind
           of
           Phantastick
           Being
           .
        
         
           The
           Marriages
           between
           Noblemen
           and
           Women
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           may
           be
           tolerated
           ,
           if
           the
           Women
           are
           very
           rich
           ;
           because
           it
           often
           happens
           that
           the
           Industry
           of
           many
           Years
           
           of
           the
           Plebeians
           ,
           serves
           only
           to
           enrich
           the
           House
           of
           a
           Nobleman
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           a
           gentle
           Imperceptible
           sort
           of
           Usurpation
           ;
           't
           is
           true
           ,
           't
           is
           something
           abating
           of
           the
           Lustre
           of
           the
           Noble
           Families
           ;
           but
           that
           is
           only
           in
           abstract
           and
           in
           general
           ,
           but
           in
           reality
           it
           advantages
           the
           Nobility
           ;
           and
           there
           need
           be
           no
           fear
           that
           the
           Children
           be
           degenerate
           and
           base
           ,
           because
           nothing
           so
           debases
           a
           Nobleman
           as
           Poverty
           :
           Besides
           ,
           there
           results
           from
           this
           another
           great
           advantage
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           to
           make
           the
           Plebeians
           concern'd
           by
           Affection
           for
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           and
           bound
           to
           study
           their
           advantage
           by
           a
           much
           sweeter
           tye
           than
           that
           of
           Obedience
           .
        
         
           Let
           the
           Considerable
           Honours
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           be
           disposed
           of
           to
           those
           who
           may
           naturally
           pretend
           to
           them
           ,
           for
           having
           gone
           through
           the
           many
           Employments
           ,
           which
           are
           steps
           to
           the
           highest
           Dignities
           ,
           making
           always
           an
           allowance
           for
           extraordinary
           Merit
           ,
           in
           which
           
           the
           State
           can
           never
           be
           too
           prodigal
           :
           For
           otherwise
           to
           prefer
           those
           who
           cannot
           reckon
           themselves
           among
           the
           Lawful
           Pretenders
           ,
           gives
           just
           Offence
           to
           the
           others
           his
           Equals
           ,
           and
           likewise
           strengthens
           the
           pretensions
           of
           the
           unworthy
           ,
           who
           not
           seeing
           any
           thing
           in
           that
           Fortunate
           Man
           that
           exceeds
           their
           ordinary
           Talent
           ,
           cannot
           imagine
           why
           he
           should
           be
           preferr'd
           ,
           and
           they
           excluded
           from
           the
           like
           Dignities
           .
           The
           Subject
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           is
           hardly
           brought
           to
           pay
           Excessive
           Reverence
           where
           they
           never
           us'd
           to
           give
           but
           ordinary
           Respect
           ;
           and
           from
           this
           argues
           ,
           That
           the
           Dignity
           it self
           is
           not
           of
           so
           much
           value
           ,
           since
           it
           is
           bestowed
           upon
           so
           inconsiderable
           a
           Person
           .
        
         
           And
           because
           it
           is
           in
           the
           Nature
           of
           all
           sublunary
           things
           to
           have
           a
           mixture
           of
           Imperfection
           ,
           I
           must
           own
           ,
           that
           the
           Republick
           of
           Venice
           has
           likewise
           its
           Defects
           ;
           and
           the
           Chief
           one
           is
           ,
           That
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           
           Nobility
           is
           too
           numerous
           to
           be
           Aristocratical
           ;
           therefore
           it
           will
           always
           be
           expedient
           to
           contrive
           ,
           by
           all
           Arts
           imaginable
           ,
           that
           the
           Great
           Council
           do
           delegate
           the
           greatest
           Authority
           that
           may
           be
           to
           the
           Senate
           and
           the
           Council
           of
           Ten
           :
           But
           this
           must
           be
           done
           by
           secret
           imperceptible
           ways
           ,
           such
           as
           shall
           not
           be
           discover'd
           till
           after
           't
           is
           done
           ,
           because
           when
           they
           have
           once
           for
           all
           parted
           with
           their
           power
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           a
           happy
           settlement
           of
           the
           deliberating
           part
           ,
           and
           if
           the
           same
           can
           be
           composed
           in
           the
           Judiciary
           and
           distributive
           Power
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           hop'd
           ,
           that
           the
           Constitution
           of
           the
           State
           will
           be
           more
           vigorous
           :
           It
           cannot
           be
           denied
           but
           the
           Great
           Council
           does
           relish
           very
           much
           of
           the
           Mobile
           ,
           and
           by
           consequent
           ,
           subject
           to
           impetuous
           Deliberations
           ,
           not
           always
           weigh'd
           in
           the
           Ballance
           of
           Prudence
           and
           Experience
           .
           And
           truly
           I
           admire
           ,
           that
           wise
           Antiquity
           did
           not
           gain
           this
           Point
           ,
           it
           being
           
           easie
           for
           them
           to
           take
           advantage
           of
           the
           simplicity
           of
           their
           times
           ;
           or
           at
           least
           to
           have
           prolong'd
           the
           time
           of
           the
           great
           Magistratures
           further
           than
           from
           Year
           to
           Year
           ,
           at
           the
           end
           of
           which
           they
           now
           must
           have
           a
           new
           Confirmation
           from
           the
           Senate
           ;
           For
           this
           being
           design'd
           to
           prevent
           the
           falling
           into
           the
           Tyranny
           of
           the
           great
           ones
           ,
           does
           unawares
           run
           the
           State
           into
           that
           of
           the
           meaner
           sort
           ,
           so
           much
           the
           more
           odious
           by
           how
           much
           't
           is
           more
           numerous
           and
           unexperienc'd
           ;
           We
           should
           see
           more
           vigorous
           Resolutions
           in
           the
           Senators
           ,
           if
           they
           were
           not
           continually
           obliged
           to
           court
           the
           Favour
           of
           the
           Piazza
           .
        
         
           The
           Office
           of
           Avogadore
           is
           to
           be
           disposed
           of
           with
           extream
           Circumspection
           ,
           and
           that
           to
           Persons
           of
           Eminency
           ,
           such
           as
           have
           no
           need
           of
           fawning
           upon
           the
           Multitude
           of
           the
           Great
           Council
           ,
           and
           then
           the
           Senate
           and
           Council
           of
           Ten
           might
           make
           some
           steps
           beyond
           their
           Natural
           
           Authority
           ,
           which
           would
           be
           born
           with
           patience
           ,
           and
           Time
           would
           give
           them
           Prescription
           :
           Whereas
           ,
           if
           an
           Avogadore
           ,
           to
           make
           himself
           Popular
           ,
           shall
           carry
           these
           Deliberations
           to
           the
           Great
           Councils
           Censure
           ,
           immediately
           out
           of
           Jealousie
           they
           are
           annull'd
           ,
           though
           never
           so
           expedient
           .
           Therefore
           if
           that
           Office
           of
           Avogadore
           cannot
           be
           placed
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           one
           who
           inclines
           more
           to
           the
           Patritian
           than
           to
           the
           Popular
           side
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           well
           to
           give
           it
           to
           one
           of
           mean
           Spirit
           ,
           and
           a
           quiet
           Temper
           ;
           or
           if
           it
           be
           disposed
           of
           to
           an
           unquiet
           bold
           man
           ,
           let
           him
           be
           one
           who
           lies
           under
           some
           infamous
           imputation
           of
           Corruption
           ,
           or
           other
           Enormity
           ,
           to
           the
           end
           that
           the
           first
           may
           not
           be
           able
           ,
           nor
           the
           latter
           dare
           to
           affront
           ,
           and
           try
           it
           with
           the
           Grandees
           of
           the
           State
           ;
           Otherwise
           an
           Avogadore
           of
           Parts
           ,
           Integrity
           and
           Malignity
           ,
           may
           easily
           set
           fire
           to
           the
           Four
           Corners
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           .
        
         
         
           For
           the
           same
           Reasons
           it
           will
           always
           be
           well
           to
           lessen
           the
           Authority
           of
           the
           Quaranties
           ,
           they
           being
           naturally
           popular
           .
           They
           were
           constituted
           numerous
           ,
           to
           prevent
           the
           Venality
           of
           Justice
           ;
           but
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           they
           are
           subject
           to
           gather
           peccant
           Humours
           ,
           and
           afford
           too
           much
           nourishment
           to
           a
           Feverish
           Temper
           :
           They
           may
           be
           born
           with
           in
           the
           administration
           of
           Civil
           Justice
           ,
           but
           in
           Criminals
           their
           power
           should
           be
           lessen'd
           ,
           which
           may
           be
           done
           by
           the
           Council
           of
           
           Ten
           's
           taking
           to
           their
           Cognizance
           all
           Criminal
           Cases
           that
           they
           can
           any
           ways
           draw
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           by
           leaving
           off
           the
           Custom
           of
           deligating
           the
           Power
           of
           the
           Senate
           and
           Signoria
           to
           these
           Quaranties
           ,
           as
           is
           now
           practis'd
           but
           too
           often
           .
           If
           these
           Quaranties
           were
           quite
           taken
           away
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           better
           for
           the
           Government
           ,
           but
           then
           it
           would
           be
           as
           necessary
           to
           provide
           some
           other
           way
           for
           so
           many
           necessitous
           and
           idle
           persons
           .
        
         
         
           It
           were
           well
           to
           use
           all
           means
           to
           take
           from
           them
           the
           Authority
           of
           judging
           Noblemen
           in
           Criminal
           Cases
           ;
           for
           so
           by
           degrees
           they
           will
           lose
           many
           of
           the
           Priviledges
           affected
           to
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           as
           also
           I
           could
           wish
           they
           were
           totally
           excluded
           from
           the
           Senate
           ;
           But
           that
           is
           more
           to
           be
           wish'd
           than
           hop'd
           for
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           the
           People
           ,
           let
           them
           always
           be
           provided
           for
           by
           plenty
           of
           things
           for
           sustenance
           ,
           and
           as
           cheap
           as
           may
           be
           :
           For
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Rabble
           is
           so
           malicious
           ,
           that
           even
           when
           scarcity
           of
           Provisions
           comes
           from
           the
           failing
           of
           the
           Crops
           ,
           they
           nevertheless
           impute
           it
           to
           the
           Malice
           or
           Negligence
           of
           the
           Great
           ones
           :
           So
           there
           is
           no
           way
           to
           make
           them
           hold
           their
           peace
           ,
           but
           to
           stop
           their
           Mouths
           .
           Employ
           as
           many
           of
           the
           People
           as
           may
           be
           in
           the
           Service
           of
           the
           Publick
           ,
           that
           so
           drawing
           their
           Livelyhood
           from
           the
           Government
           ,
           they
           may
           have
           affection
           for
           it
           ,
           and
           the
           Numbers
           of
           the
           Necessitous
           
           will
           thereby
           be
           lessen'd
           :
           for
           if
           Hunger
           and
           Want
           can
           make
           strong
           Towns
           yield
           ,
           it
           will
           likewise
           incite
           Men
           to
           venture
           their
           Lives
           in
           desperate
           Attempts
           ,
           rather
           than
           linger
           in
           misery
           .
           Yet
           still
           I
           would
           not
           advise
           to
           take
           any
           into
           Office
           that
           had
           not
           first
           gain'd
           wherewithal
           to
           subsist
           in
           a
           mediocrity
           ;
           for
           else
           it
           will
           be
           but
           giving
           him
           a
           kind
           of
           leave
           to
           cheat
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           damage
           of
           the
           Publick
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           the
           Married
           Women
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           let
           there
           be
           care
           taken
           to
           keep
           them
           honest
           ;
           and
           to
           have
           them
           so
           ,
           they
           must
           be
           kept
           retir'd
           ,
           remembring
           ,
           that
           the
           Beginnings
           of
           all
           Corruption
           in
           that
           kind
           are
           slight
           ,
           and
           proceed
           from
           a
           Look
           or
           a
           Salute
           .
        
         
           Let
           one
           Modern
           Abuse
           be
           reform'd
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           that
           the
           Noblemen
           do
           take
           upon
           them
           to
           force
           the
           People
           to
           make
           Agreements
           ,
           Payments
           ,
           or
           Marriages
           ,
           and
           not
           dare
           to
           have
           recourse
           to
           the
           Publick
           
           Authority
           ,
           upon
           which
           this
           is
           an
           Usurpation
           :
           If
           this
           be
           not
           remedied
           ,
           't
           is
           enough
           to
           cause
           another
           
             Sicilian
             Vespers
          
           :
           Besides
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           likely
           to
           set
           all
           the
           Nobility
           together
           by
           the
           Ears
           ,
           while
           each
           will
           maintain
           his
           own
           Friends
           and
           Dependants
           .
        
         
           In
           all
           Occurrences
           where
           the
           Publick
           Faith
           is
           engaged
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           inviolably
           kept
           ,
           without
           minding
           any
           present
           advantage
           that
           might
           accrew
           by
           the
           breaking
           of
           it
           ;
           for
           that
           is
           but
           momentaneous
           :
           whereas
           the
           Benefit
           of
           keeping
           Faith
           is
           eternal
           ;
           and
           a
           Prince
           that
           breaks
           his
           Word
           ,
           must
           invent
           a
           new
           Religion
           to
           make
           himself
           be
           believed
           another
           time
           ,
           seeing
           the
           Oaths
           he
           made
           in
           the
           Religion
           he
           professes
           have
           not
           been
           able
           to
           bind
           him
           .
        
         
           Let
           the
           Nobles
           forbear
           all
           Trading
           ;
           for
           a
           State
           that
           will
           have
           Merchants
           ,
           must
           not
           have
           their
           .
           Governours
           exercise
           that
           Profession
           ,
           
           because
           the
           Merchants
           will
           always
           be
           afraid
           of
           being
           Brow-beaten
           in
           Bargains
           ,
           and
           over-aw'd
           in
           their
           Dealings
           .
           The
           Spaniards
           ,
           who
           have
           so
           little
           kindness
           for
           the
           Venetian
           Government
           ,
           have
           not
           a
           more
           odious
           Name
           than
           to
           call
           it
           ,
           
             A
             Republick
             of
             Merchants
          
           .
           By
           an
           Ancient
           Law
           ,
           a
           Nobleman
           tax'd
           with
           Trading
           ,
           cannot
           enter
           into
           a
           Turnament
           ,
           as
           not
           being
           fit
           Company
           for
           Cavaliers
           .
           Merchandise
           may
           in
           a
           short
           time
           either
           extreamly
           enrich
           ,
           or
           totally
           ruine
           a
           Family
           ,
           both
           which
           are
           dangerous
           for
           the
           Commonwealth
           .
           Besides
           ,
           a
           Merchant
           is
           of
           a
           necessity
           in
           some
           measure
           a
           Foreigner
           ,
           while
           his
           Trade
           and
           Interest
           lies
           abroad
           ,
           and
           a
           Nobleman
           ought
           to
           have
           no
           Interest
           nor
           Affection
           but
           at
           home
           .
           If
           Politicians
           have
           taught
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           not
           safe
           for
           a
           great
           City
           to
           have
           too
           sumptuous
           Palaces
           and
           Villas
           in
           its
           Territory
           ,
           lest
           the
           fear
           of
           losing
           of
           them
           should
           incline
           them
           to
           
           yield
           the
           very
           City
           to
           a
           potent
           Enemy
           :
           What
           shall
           we
           say
           of
           those
           Nobles
           ,
           who
           ,
           being
           engag'd
           in
           Trade
           ,
           may
           have
           many
           Thousands
           of
           Crowns
           in
           an
           Enemies
           Country
           ?
           In
           the
           beginnings
           of
           a
           Commonwealth
           ,
           Merchandising
           was
           necessary
           to
           get
           out
           of
           Poverty
           ,
           and
           now
           't
           is
           dangerous
           ,
           as
           being
           the
           Fomenter
           of
           too
           much
           Luxury
           .
           The
           Genoueses
           who
           have
           continued
           the
           Trading
           of
           their
           Nobility
           ,
           have
           but
           small
           Respect
           shew'd
           them
           by
           other
           Princes
           ,
           and
           are
           more
           valued
           one
           by
           one
           than
           altogether
           .
        
         
           Let
           superfluous
           Pomps
           be
           forbidden
           ,
           though
           if
           they
           were
           only
           followed
           by
           the
           Rich
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           of
           use
           to
           the
           Government
           ,
           because
           it
           would
           bleed
           those
           who
           are
           too
           sanguine
           ;
           but
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           Emulation
           which
           is
           between
           those
           of
           the
           same
           Degree
           ,
           the
           permitting
           of
           them
           would
           prove
           ruinous
           to
           many
           Families
           ,
           who
           could
           neither
           avoid
           
           them
           ,
           nor
           go
           through
           with
           them
           :
           And
           whoever
           by
           a
           Punctilio
           of
           Honour
           is
           brought
           to
           the
           necessity
           of
           doing
           more
           than
           he
           is
           able
           ,
           must
           use
           ,
           to
           compass
           it
           ,
           such
           means
           as
           he
           ought
           not
           to
           employ
           .
        
         
           Before
           a
           Law
           be
           made
           and
           promulgated
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           well
           thought
           on
           and
           debated
           :
           but
           being
           once
           made
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           observed
           ,
           and
           the
           
           non-observance
           of
           it
           punished
           ;
           because
           whoever
           suffers
           Disobedience
           in
           small
           matters
           ,
           teaches
           it
           in
           greater
           :
           And
           that
           Nobleman
           who
           thinks
           to
           distinguish
           himself
           by
           slighting
           of
           the
           Laws
           ,
           offends
           both
           his
           Country
           and
           himself
           by
           such
           ▪
           an
           Example
           ,
           more
           than
           by
           any
           dissoluteness
           he
           could
           be
           guilty
           of
           ,
           because
           he
           directly
           strikes
           at
           the
           Publick
           Authority
           ;
           and
           besides
           ,
           such
           a
           Custom
           once
           taking
           Root
           in
           a
           Commonwealth
           ,
           and
           being
           an
           inveterate
           Abuse
           among
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           it
           is
           not
           to
           be
           reform'd
           with
           less
           than
           the
           loss
           of
           the
           Lives
           of
           half
           the
           Body
           .
        
         
         
           If
           there
           be
           an
           occasion
           of
           coming
           to
           some
           Resolution
           that
           may
           be
           thought
           unpleasing
           to
           the
           generality
           ,
           particularly
           in
           point
           of
           Justice
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           given
           out
           ,
           That
           it
           was
           carried
           by
           a
           thin
           Majority
           ,
           that
           at
           least
           they
           who
           were
           against
           it
           ,
           may
           please
           themselves
           in
           thinking
           they
           had
           many
           of
           their
           Opinion
           .
        
         
           Let
           the
           Secrets
           of
           the
           Government
           be
           kept
           inviolably
           ,
           and
           do
           not
           forget
           that
           Ancient
           Record
           of
           the
           
             Venetian
             Circumspection
          
           ,
           which
           was
           ,
           That
           when
           the
           general
           Carmagnuola
           was
           condemned
           ,
           the
           Resolution
           (
           though
           taken
           by
           Three
           Hundred
           and
           Fifteen
           Senators
           )
           never
           took
           Air
           for
           Eight
           Months
           together
           before
           the
           Execution
           ;
           which
           is
           a
           thing
           that
           the
           most
           absolute
           Princes
           could
           not
           have
           met
           with
           in
           the
           Fidelity
           of
           Three
           or
           Four
           State-Ministers
           ,
           though
           bound
           by
           excessive
           Rewards
           to
           Secresy
           .
           And
           what
           a
           wonderful
           thing
           was
           the
           deposition
           
           of
           the
           
             Doge
             Foscari
          
           ,
           conceal'd
           by
           his
           own
           Brother
           ?
           Certainly
           one
           cannot
           without
           Tears
           observe
           ,
           that
           in
           our
           Times
           so
           great
           a
           Quality
           which
           seem'd
           to
           be
           proper
           to
           the
           Venetian
           Commonwealth
           ,
           is
           something
           altered
           by
           the
           inconsideration
           of
           the
           young
           Nobility
           ,
           who
           ,
           not
           out
           of
           Disloyalty
           ,
           but
           too
           much
           Freedom
           ,
           do
           let
           things
           slip
           from
           them
           which
           ought
           to
           be
           conceal'd
           .
           I
           think
           every
           Venetian
           Nobleman
           ought
           to
           teach
           his
           Children
           the
           use
           of
           Secresie
           with
           their
           Catechism
           ;
           but
           the
           better
           way
           were
           to
           forbid
           all
           talking
           of
           Publick
           Concerns
           out
           of
           the
           place
           where
           they
           are
           properly
           to
           be
           deliberated
           on
           ,
           and
           much
           less
           among
           those
           who
           are
           partakers
           of
           the
           Secret.
           
        
         
           Let
           the
           Honours
           and
           Dignities
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           be
           dispensed
           regularly
           ,
           and
           by
           degrees
           ,
           avoiding
           all
           sudden
           Flights
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           dangerous
           :
           To
           see
           a
           Cloud
           enlighten'd
           of
           a
           sudden
           ,
           is
           most
           commonly
           
           a
           sign
           of
           a
           Thunderbolt
           to
           come
           out
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           he
           that
           from
           a
           private
           man
           leaps
           in
           an
           instant
           to
           the
           Port
           of
           a
           Prince
           ,
           has
           something
           of
           the
           Player
           .
           Honours
           given
           by
           degrees
           keep
           the
           young
           Nobility
           from
           attaining
           them
           before
           they
           are
           ripe
           for
           them
           ;
           and
           we
           may
           observe
           ,
           that
           as
           in
           Physick
           a
           man
           moderately
           Learned
           ,
           but
           well
           Experienc'd
           ,
           is
           safer
           for
           the
           health
           of
           the
           Body
           Natural
           ;
           So
           in
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           ,
           a
           man
           often
           employed
           ,
           though
           ,
           perhaps
           of
           less
           acuteness
           ,
           succeeds
           best
           .
           All
           Matters
           of
           Benefices
           are
           very
           properly
           under
           the
           Cognizance
           of
           the
           Great
           Council
           ,
           but
           it
           would
           be
           as
           proper
           to
           take
           away
           all
           Appeals
           to
           the
           Quaranties
           ,
           and
           place
           them
           in
           the
           Senate
           ,
           because
           it
           often
           happens
           ,
           that
           these
           Causes
           are
           to
           be
           decided
           according
           to
           reason
           of
           State
           ;
           and
           those
           
             Quarantia
             Judges
          
           put
           little
           value
           upon
           those
           Politick
           Reasons
           :
           And
           besides
           ,
           it
           
           seems
           a
           great
           incongruity
           ,
           that
           a
           Sentence
           ,
           where
           the
           Person
           of
           the
           Doge
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           Signoria
           ,
           both
           intervene
           ,
           should
           afterwards
           be
           lyable
           to
           the
           Censure
           of
           Forty
           Persons
           of
           lesser
           value
           .
           I
           believe
           if
           it
           were
           observed
           to
           chastise
           rigorously
           ,
           but
           secretly
           all
           those
           Lawyers
           and
           their
           Clients
           ,
           who
           carry
           these
           Appeals
           to
           the
           Quarantias
           ,
           the
           use
           of
           them
           would
           be
           less
           frequent
           ,
           and
           in
           time
           they
           would
           be
           forborn
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           were
           forbidden
           .
        
         
           If
           it
           should
           fall
           out
           ,
           that
           any
           of
           your
           Subjects
           should
           procure
           a
           Decree
           in
           the
           Rota
           ,
           or
           Court
           of
           Rome
           ,
           you
           must
           rigorously
           command
           from
           him
           a
           Renunciation
           
             ab
             Impetratis
          
           ,
           else
           all
           beneficiary
           Causes
           will
           be
           devolv'd
           to
           Rome
           ,
           where
           they
           are
           look'd
           upon
           as
           Sacred
           ,
           and
           so
           a
           fourth
           part
           of
           all
           Civil
           Causes
           would
           be
           lost
           for
           your
           own
           Courts
           :
           Auditors
           of
           the
           Rota
           are
           to
           be
           with
           the
           Commonwealth
           ,
           like
           Bishops
           
             in
             partibus
             Infidelium
          
           ,
           a
           thing
           of
           
           Title
           ,
           but
           without
           Subjects
           .
        
         
           Let
           the
           Bishops
           of
           the
           Venetian
           State
           be
           always
           praecogniz'd
           in
           the
           Consistory
           by
           a
           
             Venetian
             Cardinal
          
           ,
           without
           the
           Circumstance
           of
           creating
           him
           Special
           Procurator
           ;
           but
           as
           Protector
           ,
           which
           he
           really
           ought
           to
           be
           as
           other
           Cardinals
           brag
           they
           are
           so
           ,
           for
           other
           States
           .
           For
           the
           Court
           of
           Rome
           ,
           to
           avoid
           these
           procurations
           to
           Venetian
           Cardinals
           ,
           would
           perhaps
           desist
           making
           any
           of
           that
           Nation
           ,
           that
           so
           they
           might
           oblige
           the
           State
           to
           have
           recourse
           to
           Strangers
           ,
           which
           in
           time
           would
           also
           prejudice
           the
           pretence
           of
           being
           treated
           as
           
             Crown'd
             Heads
          
           .
           If
           the
           preconisation
           be
           made
           otherwise
           ,
           let
           the
           State
           seize
           the
           Temporalities
           of
           the
           Bishoprick
           ,
           and
           stop
           all
           Pensions
           laid
           upon
           it
           :
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           that
           if
           the
           Cardinal
           Nipote
           should
           make
           the
           Preconisation
           ,
           and
           enjoy
           at
           the
           same
           time
           the
           priviledge
           of
           a
           Venetian
           Nobleman
           ,
           it
           could
           not
           well
           be
           rejected
           .
        
         
         
           If
           it
           should
           ever
           happen
           that
           there
           should
           be
           a
           Pope
           ,
           I
           won't
           say
           a
           Venetian
           ,
           for
           that
           would
           be
           of
           more
           danger
           than
           advantage
           to
           the
           Government
           ,
           but
           a
           Foreigner
           well
           inclin'd
           to
           the
           Venetian
           Republick
           ,
           then
           would
           be
           the
           time
           to
           obtain
           once
           for
           all
           the
           Grant
           of
           the
           Tenths
           upon
           the
           Clergy
           ,
           as
           once
           it
           was
           got
           under
           Clement
           the
           Sixth
           ,
           whose
           Bull
           is
           unfortunately
           lost
           ;
           for
           't
           is
           troublesome
           to
           get
           it
           renew'd
           every
           Five
           Year
           or
           Seven
           Year
           ;
           and
           it
           would
           be
           a
           Point
           gain'd
           which
           still
           would
           more
           and
           more
           equal
           the
           Republick
           with
           Crown'd
           Heads
           ;
           as
           also
           if
           in
           the
           Titles
           given
           by
           the
           Pope
           to
           the
           Doge
           ,
           there
           could
           be
           gain'd
           the
           Superlative
           ,
           as
           Carissimo
           or
           Dilectissimo
           ,
           as
           is
           usual
           to
           Crown'd
           Heads
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           a
           new
           lustre
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           which
           for
           want
           of
           these
           things
           ,
           and
           also
           because
           that
           never
           any
           
             Venetian
             Nuncio
          
           was
           promoted
           to
           be
           Cardinal
           ,
           is
           look'd
           upon
           at
           
           Rome
           as
           a
           kind
           of
           Third
           Power
           between
           Crown'd
           Heads
           and
           the
           Ducal
           State.
           If
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           all
           this
           could
           be
           gain'd
           by
           the
           State
           from
           a
           Pope
           ,
           there
           might
           be
           some
           return
           made
           ,
           by
           making
           a
           Law
           ,
           That
           Church-men
           in
           Criminals
           should
           not
           be
           judged
           by
           any
           Tribunal
           but
           the
           Council
           of
           Ten
           ,
           or
           Delegates
           from
           that
           Council
           .
           And
           now
           I
           am
           speaking
           of
           that
           Council
           ,
           I
           cannot
           but
           inculcate
           ,
           That
           all
           means
           possible
           should
           be
           used
           to
           hinder
           an
           Avogadore
           from
           daring
           to
           carry
           the
           Decrees
           of
           the
           Council
           of
           Ten
           to
           be
           re-view'd
           or
           censur'd
           by
           any
           other
           Council
           :
           but
           rather
           ,
           if
           there
           ought
           to
           be
           any
           Change
           made
           in
           them
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           by
           the
           same
           Power
           that
           made
           them
           ;
           otherwise
           the
           Consequence
           will
           be
           a
           constant
           annihilation
           of
           their
           Decrees
           ,
           and
           a
           manifest
           depression
           of
           the
           great
           Nobility
           ,
           with
           an
           Exaltation
           of
           the
           lesser
           .
        
         
           Touching
           the
           Authority
           of
           this
           Council
           ,
           I
           have
           this
           more
           to
           say
           ,
           
           That
           I
           could
           wish
           ,
           that
           the
           Delegations
           of
           its
           Power
           were
           less
           frequent
           ,
           with
           great
           regard
           to
           the
           Dignity
           of
           the
           Persons
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           to
           the
           Splendor
           of
           the
           Government
           ,
           which
           is
           always
           more
           reverenced
           when
           it
           is
           least
           communicated
           ,
           like
           the
           Sun-beams
           ,
           which
           in
           that
           glorious
           Body
           are
           of
           Gold
           ,
           but
           communicated
           to
           the
           Moon
           ,
           are
           but
           of
           Silver
           .
           Indeed
           our
           Ancestors
           would
           have
           deserved
           well
           of
           us
           ,
           if
           they
           had
           lengthened
           the
           time
           of
           this
           Magistracy
           :
           but
           because
           that
           which
           was
           not
           done
           in
           those
           Old
           Times
           ,
           can
           hardly
           be
           hop'd
           for
           in
           these
           Modern
           ones
           ,
           the
           only
           Remedy
           would
           be
           to
           obtain
           a
           Continuation
           of
           the
           same
           persons
           for
           another
           year
           ,
           under
           pretext
           of
           avoiding
           so
           many
           various
           Elections
           in
           so
           short
           a
           time
           as
           must
           be
           made
           by
           a
           Scrutiny
           in
           the
           Pregadi
           :
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           that
           would
           exempt
           the
           persons
           continued
           from
           the
           Governments
           of
           Expence
           ;
           but
           as
           long
           as
           that
           Exemption
           
           did
           not
           extend
           beyond
           a
           year
           ,
           there
           would
           be
           little
           Inconvenience
           in
           it
           :
           And
           if
           it
           be
           objected
           ,
           That
           this
           would
           too
           much
           strengthen
           the
           Authority
           of
           the
           great
           ones
           ,
           I
           answer
           ,
           That
           it
           lasting
           but
           a
           few
           months
           ,
           could
           not
           be
           of
           ill
           Consequence
           :
           and
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           those
           hands
           are
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           tied
           up
           ,
           which
           ought
           to
           be
           at
           liberty
           to
           do
           Justice
           ,
           while
           every
           week
           they
           may
           be
           canvass'd
           and
           teas'd
           by
           a
           Party
           of
           mean
           Persons
           ,
           both
           for
           the
           Conditions
           of
           their
           Mind
           and
           Fortune
           :
           I
           have
           often
           admired
           how
           the
           Council
           of
           Ten
           (
           having
           already
           all
           the
           Criminal
           Power
           ,
           and
           a
           good
           part
           of
           the
           Judiciary
           in
           Civil
           Causes
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           in
           State-Affairs
           )
           have
           suffered
           themselves
           to
           be
           thus
           fetter'd
           ,
           it
           seeming
           to
           me
           almost
           impossible
           that
           the
           Inferiour
           sort
           should
           at
           the
           time
           of
           this
           Modification
           have
           so
           far
           prevail'd
           over
           the
           middling
           Nobility
           ,
           as
           to
           make
           them
           forget
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           much
           
           better
           obeying
           a
           few
           Great
           Ones
           ,
           than
           a
           Multitude
           of
           Inferiours
           .
           The
           Prudence
           of
           the
           Great
           Ones
           must
           be
           awak'd
           ,
           to
           take
           all
           secret
           advantage
           to
           repair
           these
           past
           Omissions
           by
           means
           not
           easily
           penetrated
           .
        
         
           Let
           Vertue
           be
           esteem'd
           where-ever
           it
           is
           ;
           and
           if
           it
           be
           Eminent
           in
           one
           who
           is
           not
           Noble
           ,
           let
           it
           find
           a
           Regard
           ;
           for
           he
           has
           made
           himself
           Noble
           ;
           and
           all
           Hereditary
           Nobility
           has
           had
           its
           beginning
           from
           some
           personal
           Eminency
           .
           And
           thus
           much
           for
           the
           First
           Head.
           
        
         
           The
           Second
           Head
           ,
           which
           is
           concerning
           the
           Government
           of
           your
           Subjects
           ,
           may
           be
           divided
           into
           those
           who
           confine
           upon
           the
           Sea
           ,
           and
           in
           your
           Islands
           ,
           and
           those
           of
           
             Terra
             Firma
          
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           the
           first
           ,
           there
           needs
           not
           much
           Speculation
           ;
           for
           they
           confining
           only
           upon
           the
           Turk
           ,
           and
           there
           
           being
           among
           them
           but
           few
           Persons
           of
           Note
           or
           Riches
           ,
           there
           remains
           nothing
           but
           to
           shew
           your selves
           just
           by
           giving
           them
           good
           Rulers
           ;
           and
           there
           you
           ought
           to
           be
           very
           careful
           :
           for
           if
           they
           have
           Justice
           and
           Plenty
           ,
           they
           will
           never
           think
           of
           changing
           their
           Masters
           :
           Those
           few
           of
           Istria
           and
           Dalmatia
           ,
           that
           confine
           upon
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           have
           not
           in
           themselves
           any
           Qualities
           to
           waken
           your
           Jealousie
           ,
           and
           are
           besides
           well
           affectioned
           to
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Republick
           .
        
         
           For
           your
           Greek
           Subjects
           of
           the
           Island
           of
           Candia
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           Islands
           of
           the
           Levant
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           doubt
           but
           there
           is
           some
           greater
           regard
           to
           be
           had
           of
           them
           ,
           first
           ,
           because
           that
           the
           Greek
           Faith
           is
           never
           to
           be
           trusted
           ;
           and
           perhaps
           they
           would
           not
           much
           stick
           at
           submitting
           to
           the
           Turk
           ,
           having
           the
           Example
           of
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           their
           Nation
           before
           their
           Eyes
           :
           These
           therefore
           must
           be
           watch'd
           with
           more
           attention
           ,
           
           lest
           ,
           like
           Wild
           Beasts
           ,
           as
           they
           are
           ,
           they
           should
           find
           an
           occasion
           to
           use
           their
           Teeth
           and
           Claws
           ;
           the
           surest
           way
           is
           to
           keep
           good
           Garrisons
           to
           awe
           them
           ,
           and
           not
           use
           them
           to
           Arms
           or
           Musters
           ,
           in
           hopes
           of
           being
           assisted
           by
           them
           in
           an
           Extremity
           :
           for
           they
           will
           always
           shew
           ill
           Inclinations
           proportionably
           to
           the
           Strength
           they
           shall
           be
           Masters
           of
           ,
           they
           being
           of
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Gally-Slaves
           ,
           who
           ,
           if
           they
           were
           well
           us'd
           ,
           would
           return
           the
           kindness
           ,
           by
           seizing
           the
           Gally
           ,
           and
           carry
           it
           and
           its
           Commander
           to
           Algiers
           :
           Wine
           and
           Bastonadoes
           ought
           to
           be
           their
           Share
           ,
           and
           keep
           Good
           Nature
           for
           a
           better
           occasion
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           the
           Gentlemen
           of
           those
           Collonies
           ,
           you
           must
           be
           very
           watchful
           of
           them
           ;
           for
           besides
           the
           Natural
           Ferocity
           of
           the
           Climate
           ,
           they
           have
           the
           Character
           of
           Noblemen
           ,
           which
           raises
           their
           Spirits
           ,
           as
           the
           frequent
           Rebellions
           of
           Candia
           
           do
           sufficiently
           evidence
           .
           The
           use
           of
           Colonies
           was
           advantageous
           to
           the
           Roman
           Commonwealth
           ,
           because
           they
           preserv'd
           even
           in
           Asia
           and
           
             Africa
             ,
             Roman
          
           Inclinations
           ,
           and
           with
           them
           a
           kindness
           for
           their
           Country
           .
           If
           the
           Gentlemen
           of
           these
           Colonies
           do
           tyrannize
           over
           the
           Villages
           of
           their
           Dominion
           ,
           the
           best
           way
           is
           not
           to
           seem
           to
           see
           it
           ,
           that
           there
           may
           be
           no
           kindness
           between
           them
           and
           their
           Subjects
           ;
           but
           if
           they
           offend
           in
           any
           thing
           else
           ,
           't
           will
           be
           well
           to
           chastise
           them
           severely
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           not
           brag
           of
           any
           Priviledges
           more
           than
           others
           :
           It
           will
           not
           be
           amiss
           likewise
           to
           dispute
           all
           their
           Pretensions
           to
           any
           particular
           Jurisdiction
           ;
           and
           if
           at
           any
           time
           their
           Nobility
           or
           Title
           be
           disputed
           ,
           it
           will
           do
           well
           to
           sell
           them
           the
           Confirmation
           of
           it
           at
           as
           dear
           a
           Rate
           as
           possible
           :
           and
           ,
           in
           a
           word
           ,
           remember
           that
           all
           the
           Good
           that
           can
           come
           from
           them
           ,
           is
           already
           obtain'd
           ,
           which
           was
           to
           fix
           the
           Venetian
           
           Dominion
           ;
           and
           for
           the
           future
           there
           is
           nothing
           but
           Mischief
           to
           be
           expected
           from
           them
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           the
           Subjects
           of
           
             Terra
             Firma
          
           ,
           there
           is
           required
           a
           more
           abstruse
           way
           of
           governing
           ,
           by
           distinguishing
           those
           who
           by
           an
           ancient
           Inclination
           are
           well
           affected
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           as
           those
           of
           
             Brescia
             ,
             Crema
          
           ,
           and
           Bergamo
           ,
           and
           also
           those
           of
           Vicenza
           ;
           for
           to
           them
           there
           ought
           to
           be
           suitable
           returns
           of
           kindness
           made
           upon
           occasion
           to
           the
           others
           ,
           who
           only
           have
           a
           kindness
           of
           Obedience
           ,
           such
           as
           are
           the
           
             Veroneses
             ,
             Padouans
          
           and
           Trevigians
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           good
           to
           make
           shew
           of
           great
           Justice
           towards
           them
           ,
           but
           not
           let
           slip
           any
           occasion
           of
           keeping
           them
           low
           :
           It
           is
           good
           to
           wink
           at
           the
           Fewds
           and
           Enmities
           that
           happen
           among
           them
           ,
           for
           from
           these
           two
           benefits
           arise
           to
           the
           Commonwealth
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           Private
           Discord
           among
           themselves
           ,
           and
           good
           Confiscations
           to
           the
           Publick
           .
        
         
         
           Let
           all
           Extortions
           and
           Oppressions
           committed
           by
           the
           Gentry
           upon
           the
           People
           ,
           be
           severely
           punished
           ,
           that
           the
           People
           may
           be
           affectionate
           to
           the
           Government
           ,
           as
           being
           particularly
           protected
           by
           it
           :
           In
           all
           occasions
           of
           Taxes
           and
           Impositions
           ,
           suffer
           not
           any
           Remonstrances
           ,
           remembring
           how
           in
           1606.
           there
           had
           like
           to
           have
           been
           a
           League
           between
           the
           Brescian
           and
           Veroneze
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           obtain
           an
           Abolition
           of
           Imposts
           ,
           and
           with
           what
           boldness
           the
           Brescian
           Embassadours
           made
           their
           Complaints
           in
           the
           Senate
           :
           It
           was
           a
           very
           previous
           Disposition
           to
           a
           Rebellion
           ;
           Therefore
           it
           will
           be
           fit
           to
           let
           them
           know
           ,
           That
           if
           the
           State
           think
           good
           to
           lay
           a
           Tax
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           way
           of
           avoiding
           it
           .
           Those
           who
           in
           the
           Councils
           of
           these
           Towns
           ,
           are
           of
           a
           resolute
           Nature
           ,
           and
           somewhat
           refractory
           to
           the
           Orders
           of
           the
           State
           ,
           you
           must
           either
           ruin
           or
           oblige
           ,
           even
           at
           the
           Publick
           Charge
           :
           For
           a
           small
           Leven
           is
           enough
           
           to
           ferment
           a
           great
           Mass
           of
           Bread.
           
        
         
           The
           Brescians
           have
           a
           Priviledge
           which
           you
           must
           infringe
           upon
           all
           fit
           opportunities
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           
             That
             no
             Estates
             of
          
           Brescians
           
             can
             be
             bought
             but
             by
          
           Brescians
           themselves
           :
           For
           if
           the
           Venetians
           could
           extend
           themselves
           in
           that
           most
           fertile
           Country
           ,
           in
           a
           few
           years
           it
           would
           be
           as
           it
           is
           now
           with
           the
           Padouans
           ,
           who
           have
           scarce
           a
           Third
           of
           their
           own
           Country
           left
           them
           .
           In
           the
           Case
           of
           a
           Rich
           Heiress
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           well
           to
           endeavour
           ,
           by
           all
           fair
           means
           ,
           to
           marry
           her
           with
           some
           of
           the
           Venetian
           Nobility
           ,
           to
           enrich
           them
           ,
           and
           impoverish
           the
           others
           .
           Let
           their
           Governours
           be
           chosen
           among
           those
           of
           the
           highest
           Spirits
           of
           the
           Venetian
           .
           Nobility
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           in
           them
           venerate
           the
           Prince
           :
           for
           every
           man
           naturally
           gives
           more
           Credit
           to
           his
           Eyes
           than
           to
           his
           Ears
           .
           Observe
           however
           this
           Caution
           in
           Taxing
           ,
           That
           you
           do
           not
           
           thereby
           hinder
           Plenty
           :
           For
           though
           men
           may
           be
           perswaded
           to
           part
           with
           Superfluities
           ,
           yet
           not
           with
           what
           is
           necessary
           for
           Life
           .
           As
           for
           Employments
           ,
           if
           there
           be
           room
           ,
           omit
           not
           to
           give
           them
           to
           the
           Natives
           ,
           but
           still
           in
           places
           remote
           from
           their
           own
           Dwelling
           ,
           and
           keep
           them
           there
           as
           long
           as
           may
           be
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           lose
           their
           Interest
           at
           home
           .
           If
           there
           be
           Heads
           of
           Factions
           among
           them
           ,
           they
           must
           be
           Exterminated
           any
           way
           ;
           but
           if
           you
           have
           them
           in
           Prison
           ,
           't
           is
           better
           to
           use
           Poyson
           than
           the
           Hangman
           ,
           because
           the
           advantage
           will
           be
           the
           same
           ,
           and
           the
           odium
           less
           .
           You
           must
           have
           an
           Account
           of
           the
           Taxes
           that
           their
           Neighbours
           the
           Milaneses
           undergo
           ,
           and
           still
           let
           those
           of
           the
           Venetian
           Subjects
           be
           something
           lighter
           in
           comparison
           ;
           and
           moreover
           let
           them
           be
           free
           from
           quartering
           of
           Souldiers
           ,
           which
           is
           in
           it self
           the
           heaviest
           of
           all
           Tyrannical
           Oppressions
           .
        
         
         
           Let
           the
           great
           Crimes
           be
           still
           brought
           before
           the
           Council
           of
           Ten
           ,
           that
           the
           Veneration
           for
           the
           Power
           at
           distance
           may
           be
           greater
           ,
           and
           likewise
           because
           the
           Ministers
           of
           Justice
           will
           be
           less
           subject
           to
           be
           corrupted
           ,
           when
           the
           Criminals
           are
           in
           the
           Prisons
           of
           the
           State.
           Let
           the
           Process
           against
           them
           be
           tedious
           ,
           that
           so
           the
           slowness
           of
           proceedings
           may
           be
           some
           part
           of
           punishment
           :
           But
           for
           the
           Banditi
           ,
           if
           they
           dare
           to
           appear
           in
           the
           State
           ,
           let
           them
           be
           Extermined
           with
           all
           Industry
           ;
           for
           there
           cannot
           be
           a
           greater
           Demonstration
           of
           Contempt
           in
           the
           Subject
           ,
           and
           Weakness
           of
           the
           Prince
           ,
           than
           for
           a
           Condemned
           Man
           to
           dare
           to
           come
           into
           the
           Dominions
           out
           of
           which
           he
           has
           been
           banished
           ,
           as
           if
           one
           should
           frequent
           another
           man's
           House
           in
           spight
           of
           his
           Teeth
           .
           The
           Bishopricks
           and
           other
           Church-Preferments
           may
           be
           conferr'd
           upon
           the
           Natives
           ,
           first
           ,
           to
           avoid
           the
           Imputation
           
           of
           too
           much
           Avarice
           in
           the
           Venetian
           Nobility
           ,
           if
           they
           should
           take
           all
           Preferments
           to
           themselves
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           In
           order
           to
           debase
           the
           Spirits
           of
           the
           Natives
           ,
           and
           turn
           them
           off
           from
           Arms
           to
           an
           idle
           Life
           :
           Besides
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           a
           kind
           of
           a
           Shadow
           of
           Liberty
           ,
           to
           make
           them
           bear
           their
           Subjection
           the
           better
           .
           But
           as
           much
           as
           it
           may
           be
           convenient
           to
           let
           them
           attain
           the
           Degree
           of
           Bishops
           ,
           so
           much
           would
           it
           be
           dangerous
           to
           let
           them
           arrive
           to
           that
           of
           Cardinal
           ;
           for
           then
           they
           will
           be
           sure
           to
           abhor
           the
           Quality
           of
           Subjects
           ,
           since
           those
           who
           wear
           that
           Purple
           have
           usurp'd
           the
           Precedency
           even
           over
           Princes
           .
        
         
           Let
           every
           City
           have
           the
           making
           of
           their
           own
           Gentry
           by
           their
           Common-Council
           ;
           for
           that
           will
           make
           it
           so
           much
           the
           meaner
           ;
           but
           still
           let
           them
           be
           bound
           to
           have
           the
           Confirmation
           from
           the
           Senate
           .
        
         
         
           Let
           all
           those
           Families
           who
           apply
           themselves
           to
           the
           Service
           of
           Foreign
           Princes
           ,
           be
           upon
           all
           occasions
           slighted
           ,
           and
           not
           at
           all
           countenanced
           by
           the
           Government
           ,
           intimating
           to
           them
           by
           that
           silent
           notice
           ,
           That
           he
           deserves
           little
           of
           his
           own
           Prince
           who
           seeks
           Employment
           with
           a
           Foreign
           one
           :
           And
           if
           any
           of
           these
           who
           have
           serv'd
           abroad
           ,
           should
           be
           so
           bold
           ,
           as
           to
           contend
           with
           a
           Venetian
           Nobleman
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           at
           Venice
           ,
           let
           the
           Punishment
           be
           severe
           ,
           if
           he
           be
           in
           the
           wrong
           ;
           but
           if
           it
           is
           in
           his
           own
           Country
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           gentle
           ,
           that
           the
           Opinion
           of
           the
           Publick
           Justice
           may
           be
           advantageously
           insinuated
           to
           the
           People
           ;
           and
           likewise
           ,
           that
           the
           Noble
           Venetians
           themselves
           may
           avoid
           Contests
           ,
           where
           they
           are
           not
           more
           immediately
           protected
           .
        
         
           Let
           the
           Citadels
           of
           the
           Chief
           Cities
           be
           well
           provided
           ,
           as
           much
           against
           a
           Foreign
           Enemy
           ,
           as
           to
           chastise
           a
           Rebellion
           at
           home
           ,
           nothing
           
           so
           much
           inclining
           to
           offend
           ,
           as
           the
           hopes
           of
           Impunity
           :
           and
           it
           may
           indeed
           be
           said
           ,
           That
           if
           Men
           were
           certain
           of
           a
           punishment
           to
           follow
           ,
           they
           would
           never
           offend
           at
           all
           ;
           but
           a
           Prince
           that
           is
           sufficiently
           provided
           ,
           is
           sufficiently
           safe
           .
           Remember
           ,
           that
           as
           it
           is
           very
           hard
           to
           find
           either
           a
           Wife
           or
           a
           Monk
           ,
           that
           one
           time
           or
           another
           have
           not
           repented
           the
           loss
           of
           their
           Natural
           Liberty
           ,
           so
           the
           same
           may
           be
           said
           of
           Subjects
           ,
           who
           fancy
           that
           they
           have
           parted
           with
           more
           of
           that
           they
           were
           born
           to
           than
           was
           necessary
           for
           their
           well-being
           .
           And
           let
           this
           suffice
           for
           the
           Second
           Head.
           
        
         
           Coming
           now
           to
           those
           several
           Princes
           with
           whom
           the
           Venetian
           Republick
           may
           have
           Concerns
           ,
           we
           will
           begin
           with
           the
           Pope
           ,
           as
           being
           the
           first
           in
           Dignity
           ,
           if
           not
           in
           Power
           .
        
         
         
           And
           here
           we
           must
           have
           a
           Twofold
           Consideration
           ,
           he
           being
           to
           be
           look'd
           upon
           as
           a
           Spiritual
           and
           as
           a
           Temporal
           Prince
           .
           There
           has
           been
           some
           Advertisements
           given
           already
           about
           his
           Spiritual
           Power
           :
           We
           will
           add
           here
           what
           was
           then
           omitted
           :
        
         
           First
           ,
           We
           must
           admire
           the
           wonderful
           State
           of
           that
           Monarchy
           ,
           which
           from
           a
           mean
           and
           persecuted
           Condition
           ,
           for
           the
           Series
           of
           many
           years
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           very
           Exercise
           of
           Religion
           was
           punished
           with
           Death
           ,
           is
           arriv'd
           to
           so
           much
           Greatness
           ,
           that
           all
           Regal
           Dignities
           of
           the
           same
           Communion
           ,
           pay
           Homage
           to
           this
           Spiritual
           Monarch
           ,
           by
           the
           kissing
           of
           his
           Feet
           .
           God
           Almighty
           has
           been
           pleased
           this
           way
           to
           shew
           the
           Reward
           of
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           by
           raising
           to
           the
           Supreamest
           Greatness
           the
           Institutors
           and
           Ministers
           of
           it
           ;
           but
           the
           Piety
           of
           Christian
           Princes
           has
           very
           much
           contributed
           
           to
           it
           ;
           and
           the
           first
           was
           Constantine
           :
           This
           Emperor
           not
           only
           embrac'd
           the
           Christian
           Faith
           ,
           but
           enrich'd
           the
           Church
           extreamly
           ,
           and
           since
           his
           time
           several
           other
           Emperors
           and
           Kings
           have
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           vied
           with
           one
           another
           ,
           who
           should
           give
           most
           :
           But
           that
           which
           is
           most
           inscrutable
           is
           ,
           how
           with
           their
           Riches
           they
           came
           to
           give
           away
           also
           their
           Jurisdiction
           and
           Power
           .
        
         
           For
           six
           hundred
           years
           after
           the
           coming
           of
           Christ
           the
           Popes
           were
           always
           confirmed
           by
           the
           Emperors
           ,
           or
           in
           their
           steads
           ,
           by
           the
           Exarcks
           of
           Ravenna
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           very
           Patent
           of
           Confirmation
           there
           was
           always
           written
           these
           Words
           ,
           
             Regnante
             Tali
             Domino
             Nostro
          
           .
           In
           the
           year
           518.
           the
           Emperor
           Justinus
           sent
           from
           Constantinople
           his
           Embassadors
           to
           Pope
           Hormisda
           ,
           to
           confirm
           the
           Authority
           of
           the
           Apostolical
           Sea
           ,
           and
           to
           announce
           Peace
           to
           the
           Church
           .
           In
           684.
           
           Constantine
           the
           
           Second
           gave
           to
           Benedictus
           the
           Second
           a
           Concession
           ,
           by
           which
           ,
           for
           the
           future
           ,
           the
           Election
           of
           Popes
           should
           be
           made
           by
           the
           Clergy
           and
           People
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           should
           not
           need
           the
           Confirmation
           of
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           nor
           of
           the
           Exarck
           ,
           not
           reflecting
           ,
           that
           the
           holiness
           of
           those
           times
           might
           come
           to
           change
           it self
           into
           an
           Interest
           of
           State.
           Bonifacius
           the
           Third
           obtained
           of
           the
           Emperour
           Phocas
           ,
           that
           all
           other
           Christian
           Churches
           might
           be
           obedient
           to
           the
           Roman
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           708.
           
           Justinus
           the
           Second
           was
           the
           first
           that
           submitted
           to
           kiss
           the
           Pope's
           Feet
           ;
           and
           that
           Pope's
           Name
           was
           Constantine
           :
           But
           Adrian
           the
           first
           having
           received
           great
           Favours
           from
           Charles
           the
           first
           ,
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           did
           in
           a
           Council
           of
           One
           Hundred
           and
           Fifty
           Three
           Bishops
           ,
           confer
           upon
           him
           the
           Authority
           of
           chusing
           the
           Popes
           ,
           which
           was
           about
           the
           year
           773.
           a
           Priviledge
           which
           his
           Son
           
             Lewis
             the
             Pious
          
           knew
           not
           
           how
           to
           keep
           ,
           but
           parted
           with
           it
           for
           the
           imaginary
           Title
           of
           Pious
           ;
           to
           which
           might
           be
           added
           that
           of
           Simple
           .
           Howsoever
           scandalous
           the
           Emperours
           were
           in
           their
           Lives
           ,
           the
           Popes
           did
           use
           to
           bear
           with
           them
           ,
           referring
           to
           God
           Almighty
           the
           punishment
           of
           them
           :
           But
           in
           the
           year
           713.
           
           Philip
           ,
           Emperour
           of
           Constantinople
           ,
           being
           fallen
           into
           Heresy
           ,
           was
           Excommunicated
           by
           Pope
           Constantine
           ,
           and
           had
           the
           Reward
           due
           for
           all
           the
           Honours
           and
           Priviledges
           given
           by
           his
           Predecessors
           to
           the
           Popes
           .
           This
           was
           the
           very
           first
           time
           that
           the
           Imperial
           Power
           was
           forc'd
           to
           stoop
           to
           the
           Papal
           ;
           and
           yet
           at
           the
           same
           time
           the
           Church
           of
           Milan
           claim'd
           an
           Independency
           from
           the
           Roman
           ,
           and
           maintain'd
           it
           for
           above
           Two
           Hundred
           Years
           ,
           being
           countenanc'd
           by
           the
           Emperours
           ,
           who
           often
           came
           into
           Italy
           ,
           and
           in
           their
           absence
           hy
           the
           Exarcks
           of
           Ravenna
           ,
           till
           at
           last
           in
           the
           year
           1057.
           it
           yielded
           up
           the
           Contest
           to
           Pope
           Stephen
           
           the
           Ninth
           .
           In
           the
           year
           1143.
           
           Celestin
           the
           Second
           was
           the
           first
           Pope
           chosen
           by
           Cardinals
           in
           Exclusion
           to
           the
           People
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           made
           this
           Narration
           ,
           that
           it
           may
           appear
           by
           what
           Degrees
           this
           Spiritual
           Monarchy
           has
           increased
           ;
           and
           in
           it
           ,
           the
           Goodness
           of
           Christian
           Princes
           is
           not
           more
           to
           be
           admired
           than
           the
           Dexterity
           of
           the
           Popes
           ,
           in
           not
           omitting
           any
           occasion
           to
           gain
           ground
           .
        
         
           At
           present
           the
           Emperour
           is
           chosen
           by
           a
           Pontifical
           Bull
           ,
           where
           the
           Power
           of
           Election
           is
           committed
           to
           the
           Three
           Ecclesiastical
           ,
           and
           Four
           Secular
           Electors
           ,
           with
           an
           Obligation
           nevertheless
           in
           the
           Emperour
           chosen
           ,
           to
           receive
           his
           Confirmation
           and
           Coronation
           from
           the
           Pope
           ;
           so
           that
           the
           Subject
           is
           at
           last
           become
           Prince
           over
           his
           own
           Prince
           ,
           not
           without
           some
           reflection
           of
           Weakness
           upon
           Otho
           the
           Fourth
           ,
           Emperour
           of
           Germany
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           year
           994.
           agreed
           with
           Pope
           Gregory
           to
           
           settle
           the
           Election
           in
           this
           manner
           ,
           for
           the
           Honour
           (
           as
           he
           thought
           )
           of
           the
           German
           Nation
           ,
           but
           with
           great
           Diminution
           of
           the
           Imperial
           Dignity
           .
           To
           this
           Grandeur
           of
           the
           Papacy
           ,
           if
           we
           add
           that
           of
           having
           subjected
           to
           its
           power
           all
           the
           other
           Bishops
           of
           Christendom
           ,
           and
           obtain'd
           to
           be
           own'd
           the
           first
           of
           all
           the
           Patriarchs
           ,
           who
           long
           contested
           its
           Primacy
           .
           I
           say
           ,
           so
           high
           a
           Power
           ought
           to
           make
           all
           other
           well-govern'd
           States
           very
           wary
           in
           their
           proceedings
           with
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           a
           careful
           Eye
           upon
           all
           those
           occasions
           wherein
           the
           pontifical
           Authority
           may
           be
           still
           enlarged
           ,
           because
           't
           is
           observed
           ,
           that
           all
           Courtesies
           and
           Favours
           of
           Princes
           are
           in
           that
           Court
           turn'd
           to
           Debts
           and
           Claims
           in
           the
           space
           of
           a
           few
           years
           ;
           and
           to
           obtain
           the
           possession
           ,
           they
           do
           not
           spare
           for
           Exorcisms
           and
           
           Anathema's
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           one
           Custom
           ,
           or
           rather
           Abuse
           introduc'd
           in
           that
           Court
           ,
           
           which
           deserves
           great
           consideration
           from
           Princes
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           power
           the
           Pope
           has
           assum'd
           of
           deposing
           Princes
           and
           Soveraigns
           ,
           and
           giving
           their
           Kingdoms
           and
           States
           to
           others
           ,
           under
           pretext
           of
           ill
           Government
           .
           The
           Prodigal
           Son
           in
           the
           Gospel
           did
           not
           lose
           his
           Right
           to
           his
           portion
           ,
           though
           he
           was
           resolv'd
           to
           dissipate
           and
           consume
           it
           viciously
           ,
           because
           that
           Title
           which
           we
           receive
           from
           Nature
           can
           never
           be
           lost
           in
           our
           whole
           Life
           .
           The
           Kings
           of
           Navar
           were
           sain
           to
           go
           Vagabonds
           about
           the
           World
           for
           the
           sake
           of
           a
           Bit
           of
           Parchment
           which
           
             Pope
             Julius
          
           the
           Second
           put
           out
           against
           them
           ,
           whereby
           King
           John
           the
           Second
           lost
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           which
           was
           given
           to
           Ferdinand
           of
           Arragon
           ;
           and
           had
           not
           providence
           brought
           them
           to
           the
           Crown
           of
           France
           ,
           there
           would
           have
           been
           no
           mention
           in
           the
           World
           of
           the
           Kings
           of
           Navar
           .
        
         
         
           From
           this
           Liberty
           of
           taking
           away
           Kingdoms
           ,
           the
           Popes
           assume
           that
           of
           Erecting
           them
           .
           Pope
           Paul
           the
           Fourth
           made
           Ireland
           a
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           Pius
           the
           Fifth
           Erected
           Tuscany
           into
           a
           great
           Dutchy
           .
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           of
           England
           ,
           was
           deposed
           by
           Paul
           the
           Third
           ,
           and
           according
           to
           the
           usual
           custom
           ,
           her
           Kingdom
           given
           to
           Philip
           the
           Second
           of
           Spain
           ,
           who
           was
           to
           execute
           the
           Papal
           Sentence
           ;
           but
           he
           met
           with
           the
           Winds
           and
           Seas
           ,
           and
           the
           English
           Ships
           ,
           which
           quite
           defeated
           his
           Armada
           .
           In
           France
           ,
           by
           a
           priviledge
           of
           the
           Gallican
           Church
           ,
           they
           admit
           of
           no
           Bulls
           that
           contain
           Deprivation
           of
           Kings
           ,
           but
           keep
           to
           the
           Right
           of
           Succession
           :
           and
           indeed
           to
           depose
           an
           actual
           King
           ,
           and
           give
           away
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           is
           not
           only
           to
           destroy
           a
           suppos'd
           Delinquent
           ,
           but
           to
           punish
           an
           Innocent
           Successour
           ,
           and
           likewise
           to
           prejudice
           the
           Right
           of
           Election
           in
           those
           who
           have
           it
           .
        
         
         
           On
           the
           other
           hand
           England
           has
           often
           thought
           fit
           to
           make
           it self
           Tributary
           to
           the
           See
           of
           Rome
           by
           the
           Peter-Pence
           ,
           the
           first
           time
           under
           Pope
           Leo
           the
           Fourth
           ,
           and
           more
           remarkably
           under
           
             King
             John
          
           ,
           in
           1214.
           to
           avoid
           the
           Invasion
           from
           France
           ;
           but
           Henry
           the
           Eighth
           delivered
           himself
           once
           for
           all
           ,
           and
           not
           only
           refused
           the
           Tribute
           ,
           but
           made
           himself
           amends
           by
           seizing
           the
           Church-Lands
           .
           The
           fresh
           Example
           of
           Paul
           the
           Fifth
           towards
           this
           Republick
           is
           never
           to
           be
           forgot
           ,
           who
           charitably
           would
           have
           govern'd
           another
           bodies
           House
           ,
           under
           pretext
           that
           the
           Master
           did
           not
           understand
           how
           to
           do
           it
           himself
           :
           And
           the
           constancy
           of
           the
           Venetian
           Republick
           will
           have
           given
           fair
           .
           warning
           to
           the
           Court
           of
           Rome
           ,
           how
           they
           undertake
           such
           Quarrels
           ,
           since
           they
           were
           forced
           to
           come
           to
           an
           agreement
           with
           very
           little
           satisfaction
           or
           Honour
           on
           their
           side
           ,
           having
           been
           obliged
           tacitely
           
           to
           give
           up
           their
           claim
           ;
           for
           to
           demand
           peremptorily
           ,
           and
           then
           relinquish
           the
           Demand
           ,
           is
           a
           sign
           it
           was
           not
           well
           founded
           in
           Justice
           ;
           and
           the
           Absolution
           resus'd
           ,
           was
           proof
           enough
           ,
           that
           the
           Excommunication
           was
           void
           in
           it self
           :
           So
           that
           the
           advantage
           that
           has
           accrew'd
           to
           the
           Venetian
           Government
           from
           the
           Contest
           ,
           has
           been
           much
           greater
           than
           the
           damage
           sustain'd
           in
           it
           .
        
         
           If
           ever
           for
           the
           future
           .
           which
           I
           scarce
           believe
           ,
           there
           should
           happen
           an
           occasion
           of
           an
           Interdict
           from
           the
           Court
           of
           Rome
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           I
           should
           advise
           presently
           to
           post
           up
           in
           Rome
           an
           Appellation
           to
           the
           future
           Council
           ,
           which
           is
           a
           cruel
           blow
           to
           them
           :
           For
           first
           ,
           it
           insinuates
           the
           Superiority
           of
           the
           Council
           over
           the
           Pope
           ;
           and
           secondly
           ,
           it
           revives
           the
           memory
           of
           Councils
           ,
           and
           lets
           them
           see
           they
           are
           not
           things
           quite
           forgot
           all
           the
           World
           over
           .
           If
           there
           be
           
           care
           taken
           to
           examine
           well
           all
           Bulls
           that
           come
           from
           Rome
           ,
           and
           the
           Observation
           of
           what
           has
           been
           hitherto
           practis'd
           ,
           be
           strictly
           continued
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           hop'd
           ,
           that
           the
           Republick
           shall
           not
           undergo
           any
           greater
           Subjection
           than
           other
           Princes
           ,
           but
           rather
           shall
           have
           some
           Liberty
           above
           them
           ,
           particularly
           more
           than
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           who
           find
           their
           account
           in
           complying
           with
           the
           Tyranny
           of
           Rome
           ,
           because
           they
           receive
           at
           the
           same
           time
           great
           Favours
           from
           it
           ,
           and
           are
           proud
           of
           maintaining
           its
           Authority
           .
           To
           say
           truth
           ,
           the
           Popes
           hitherto
           have
           shew'd
           little
           kindness
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           and
           except
           the
           Priviledges
           granted
           by
           Alexander
           the
           Third
           ,
           which
           serve
           more
           to
           register
           to
           the
           World
           the
           Action
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           in
           restoring
           and
           protecting
           him
           ,
           than
           for
           any
           thing
           else
           :
           For
           the
           Doge
           might
           of
           himself
           without
           the
           Papal
           Concession
           ,
           have
           assum'd
           those
           other
           little
           Ornaments
           
           of
           the
           Ombrella
           ,
           the
           Standard
           and
           the
           Sword
           :
           So
           that
           bating
           the
           Concessions
           of
           the
           Decimes
           upon
           the
           Clergy
           ,
           and
           the
           Nominations
           to
           the
           Bishopricks
           ,
           this
           Country
           of
           ours
           feels
           but
           slender
           Effects
           of
           the
           Pontifical
           Kindness
           ,
           which
           may
           be
           an
           advantage
           upon
           all
           Occurrences
           of
           Interest
           of
           State
           to
           stick
           the
           closer
           to
           that
           ,
           because
           there
           needs
           no
           Complements
           where
           every
           one
           desires
           .
           but
           his
           own
           .
        
         
           In
           considering
           the
           Secular
           Power
           of
           the
           Pope
           ,
           we
           will
           do
           it
           upon
           Five
           Heads
           ,
           which
           may
           serve
           to
           examine
           all
           other
           Princes
           Interests
           with
           the
           Republick
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           If
           it
           be
           advantageous
           to
           the
           Republick
           to
           have
           the
           Church
           grow
           greater
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           What
           Title
           ,
           Inclination
           or
           Facility
           the
           Popes
           may
           have
           to
           acquire
           any
           part
           of
           the
           State
           of
           the
           Republick
           .
        
         
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           What
           Inclination
           ,
           Title
           or
           Facility
           the
           Republick
           may
           have
           to
           acquire
           any
           part
           of
           the
           State
           of
           the
           Church
           .
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           If
           the
           Church
           may
           unite
           with
           the
           Republick
           ,
           to
           acquire
           the
           State
           of
           any
           other
           Princes
           .
        
         
           Fifthly
           ,
           If
           the
           Church
           can
           unite
           with
           other
           Princes
           ,
           to
           hinder
           the
           progress
           of
           the
           Arme
           of
           the
           Republick
           .
        
         
           To
           begin
           with
           the
           First
           ,
           we
           will
           answer
           with
           a
           General
           Rule
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           That
           it
           never
           is
           advantageous
           to
           a
           Prince
           ,
           who
           desires
           to
           remain
           free
           and
           powerful
           ,
           to
           let
           another
           grow
           great
           ,
           except
           it
           be
           to
           lessen
           a
           Third
           ,
           who
           is
           greater
           than
           them
           both
           ;
           and
           if
           he
           that
           is
           thus
           agrandiz'd
           be
           a
           Neighbour
           ,
           his
           advancement
           is
           so
           much
           more
           to
           be
           feared
           :
           These
           Alterations
           indeed
           may
           not
           be
           so
           dangerous
           to
           a
           little
           Prince
           ,
           who
           does
           not
           fear
           depending
           upon
           a
           great
           one
           ,
           to
           avoid
           
           being
           molested
           by
           one
           who
           is
           already
           too
           strong
           for
           him
           .
        
         
           But
           to
           come
           closer
           to
           the
           Case
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           we
           will
           say
           ,
           That
           if
           the
           Church
           could
           make
           it self
           Master
           of
           any
           part
           of
           the
           King
           of
           Spain's
           Dominions
           in
           Italy
           ,
           where
           he
           is
           the
           greatest
           Prince
           ,
           they
           might
           hope
           for
           the
           consent
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Second
           Great
           Italian
           Potentate
           ,
           because
           by
           that
           means
           the
           Republick
           might
           become
           the
           First
           ;
           and
           however
           ,
           the
           strength
           of
           the
           Church
           will
           always
           give
           less
           jealousie
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           than
           the
           Spanish
           Power
           in
           Italy
           ;
           for
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Pontifical
           Principality
           is
           Elective
           and
           Temporary
           ,
           and
           the
           Aims
           and
           Designs
           of
           that
           Court
           vary
           according
           to
           the
           Genius
           of
           the
           several
           Popes
           ;
           and
           sometimes
           it
           is
           subject
           to
           long
           Vacancies
           :
           whereas
           the
           Monarchy
           of
           Spain
           is
           successive
           ,
           and
           ,
           as
           one
           may
           say
           ,
           Eternal
           ,
           and
           govern'd
           by
           standing
           lasting
           Maxims
           .
        
         
         
           But
           if
           the
           Church
           be
           to
           grow
           great
           by
           the
           Spoils
           of
           any
           other
           Italian
           Prince
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Republick
           to
           oppose
           it
           ,
           because
           the
           Damage
           thence
           resulting
           is
           evident
           ,
           and
           the
           Advantage
           dangerous
           .
           It
           ought
           to
           be
           well
           consider'd
           ,
           how
           the
           State
           of
           the
           Church
           is
           increased
           in
           this
           last
           Century
           .
           The
           custom
           that
           was
           in
           the
           Church
           before
           ,
           to
           give
           Infeodations
           upon
           slight
           Acknowledgments
           ,
           had
           brought
           that
           power
           to
           be
           more
           of
           show
           than
           real
           strength
           ;
           but
           Julius
           the
           Second
           ,
           succeeding
           Alexander
           the
           Sixth
           ,
           made
           Borgia
           ,
           Duke
           of
           Volentine
           ,
           Nephew
           to
           Alexander
           ,
           who
           had
           seiz'd
           upon
           all
           those
           Infeodations
           in
           Romania
           ,
           refund
           them
           to
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           added
           to
           them
           the
           conquest
           of
           Bologna
           ,
           and
           got
           also
           from
           the
           Republick
           the
           Cities
           of
           
             Cervia
             ,
             Rimini
             ,
             Ravenna
             ,
             Faenza
             ,
             Imola
             ,
          
           and
           others
           ,
           to
           which
           ,
           under
           Clement
           the
           Eighth
           ,
           was
           added
           the
           whole
           Dutchy
           of
           
           Ferrara
           ,
           and
           lately
           that
           of
           Urbin
           :
           So
           that
           these
           .
           Acquisitions
           alone
           would
           make
           up
           a
           great
           Principality
           :
           and
           the
           Church
           seems
           to
           want
           nothing
           towards
           the
           making
           of
           it
           the
           most
           considerable
           power
           of
           Italy
           ,
           than
           the
           addition
           of
           Parma
           and
           Piacenza
           ,
           and
           some
           little
           Independent
           Castles
           in
           the
           Territories
           about
           Rome
           :
           Besides
           ,
           it
           can
           never
           more
           be
           lessen'd
           by
           Infeodations
           ,
           that
           being
           quite
           left
           off
           by
           that
           Court
           :
           So
           that
           to
           let
           the
           Church
           grow
           any
           greater
           in
           Italy
           ,
           generally
           speaking
           ,
           cannot
           be
           for
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Venetian
           Republick
           .
        
         
           To
           the
           Second
           Point
           ,
           
             What
             Title
             ,
             Inclination
             or
             Facility
             the
             Church
             may
             have
             to
             acquire
             any
             portion
             of
             the
             State
             of
             the
             Republick
             ,
          
           we
           shall
           say
           ,
           That
           since
           the
           Court
           makes
           profession
           of
           the
           Extreamest
           Justice
           ,
           and
           that
           likewise
           they
           are
           loth
           to
           begin
           the
           Example
           of
           Princes
           usurping
           ▪
           upon
           one
           another
           ,
           
           I
           think
           they
           can
           hardly
           set
           up
           any
           Title
           but
           upon
           the
           Polesine
           of
           Rovigo
           ,
           which
           they
           say
           was
           formerly
           annex'd
           to
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Ferrara
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           times
           that
           the
           Dispute
           was
           between
           the
           Dukes
           of
           Ferrara
           and
           the
           Republick
           ,
           the
           Popes
           always
           shewed
           themselves
           smart
           Defenders
           of
           the
           Dukes
           :
           Of
           Four
           Interdicts
           published
           by
           the
           Church
           against
           the
           Venetians
           ,
           Two
           of
           them
           were
           for
           this
           very
           cause
           ,
           the
           first
           in
           the
           year
           1305.
           the
           Second
           in
           the
           year
           1483.
           under
           Sixtus
           the
           Fourth
           ,
           at
           which
           time
           indeed
           the
           Republick
           had
           taken
           the
           whole
           Dutchy
           of
           Ferrara
           ,
           by
           the
           Instigation
           of
           the
           Pope
           himself
           ;
           but
           he
           being
           Friends
           with
           the
           Duke
           ,
           commanded
           them
           to
           restore
           what
           they
           had
           taken
           ,
           which
           they
           refusing
           to
           do
           ,
           he
           sulminated
           his
           Excommunication
           and
           Interdict
           ;
           but
           a
           Peace
           following
           ,
           the
           Republick
           kept
           by
           agreement
           the
           Polesine
           of
           Rovigo
           :
           The
           Third
           Interdict
           
           was
           in
           1505.
           under
           Julius
           the
           Second
           ,
           because
           the
           Republick
           had
           several
           Cities
           of
           Romania
           in
           their
           possessions
           ,
           and
           the
           last
           of
           all
           was
           now
           lately
           under
           Paul
           the
           Fifth
           :
           So
           that
           if
           the
           Popes
           shewed
           such
           a
           concern
           for
           the
           thing
           when
           it
           was
           only
           belonging
           to
           the
           Dukes
           of
           Ferrara
           ,
           much
           more
           would
           they
           do
           it
           now
           when
           the
           profit
           would
           be
           their
           own
           :
           So
           that
           we
           may
           believe
           that
           as
           to
           this
           they
           do
           own
           a
           Title
           ,
           and
           have
           likewise
           inclination
           enough
           to
           regain
           this
           bit
           of
           Territory
           that
           is
           lopp'd
           off
           from
           them
           .
           We
           are
           therefore
           to
           consider
           what
           Facility
           they
           have
           to
           do
           it
           ;
           and
           I
           do
           not
           believe
           that
           ever
           of
           themselves
           they
           will
           kindle
           the
           fire
           ,
           but
           make
           advantage
           of
           one
           ready
           kindled
           by
           some
           other
           ,
           as
           it
           happened
           under
           Julius
           the
           Second
           :
           Nay
           ,
           if
           they
           reflect
           upon
           the
           great
           Rule
           of
           preserving
           the
           Liberty
           of
           Italy
           ,
           they
           will
           not
           for
           so
           small
           a
           matter
           enter
           
           into
           a
           League
           against
           the
           Republick
           ;
           for
           it
           is
           of
           greater
           concern
           to
           them
           not
           to
           break
           the
           Ballance
           of
           Dominion
           in
           Italy
           ,
           lest
           the
           Tramontani
           should
           take
           advantage
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           subdue
           all
           .
        
         
           But
           this
           very
           Reason
           was
           strong
           in
           Pope
           Julius
           the
           Second's
           time
           ,
           and
           yet
           was
           without
           Effect
           in
           a
           Mind
           bent
           all
           upon
           particular
           Interest
           ;
           wherefore
           I
           conclude
           ,
           that
           we
           are
           not
           to
           expect
           greater
           Temper
           in
           the
           Modern
           Popes
           ,
           but
           ought
           to
           rest
           satisfied
           ,
           that
           if
           a
           powerful
           Foreign
           Prince
           should
           promise
           them
           the
           acquisition
           of
           the
           State
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           they
           would
           embrace
           the
           motion
           without
           delay
           .
        
         
           To
           the
           Third
           Question
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           That
           the
           Republick
           might
           have
           just
           Reason
           to
           make
           themselves
           amends
           for
           the
           Country
           they
           lost
           in
           Romagna
           ,
           it
           not
           being
           a
           thing
           they
           had
           usurp'd
           from
           the
           Church
           ,
           but
           a
           voluntary
           Dedition
           of
           those
           Cities
           who
           were
           tyranniz'd
           over
           by
           
           little
           Tyrants
           ,
           that
           had
           taken
           occasion
           from
           the
           Negligence
           of
           Popes
           to
           make
           themselves
           Masters
           of
           those
           places
           :
           They
           were
           yielded
           up
           by
           the
           Republick
           ,
           to
           take
           off
           Julius
           the
           Second
           ,
           who
           was
           the
           great
           Fomentour
           of
           the
           Fire
           which
           was
           kindled
           against
           the
           Venetians
           in
           the
           League
           of
           Cambray
           ,
           where
           the
           Forces
           of
           all
           the
           Princes
           of
           Christendom
           were
           united
           against
           them
           ;
           and
           without
           doubt
           ,
           upon
           good
           circumstances
           the
           Republick
           might
           justifie
           the
           re-taking
           of
           these
           Towns
           ;
           and
           I
           believe
           there
           is
           Inclination
           enough
           to
           do
           it
           ,
           all
           Princes
           being
           willing
           to
           extend
           their
           Territories
           ;
           but
           the
           point
           is
           the
           Facility
           of
           doing
           it
           ,
           which
           I
           think
           altogether
           remote
           ;
           for
           all
           other
           Italian
           Princes
           ,
           if
           not
           out
           of
           conscience
           ,
           yet
           out
           of
           Ostentation
           of
           Religion
           ,
           would
           be
           backward
           to
           fall
           upon
           the
           Church
           ;
           and
           except
           it
           should
           happen
           that
           some
           one
           of
           them
           should
           grow
           too
           powerful
           for
           
           all
           the
           others
           united
           ,
           and
           so
           be
           able
           to
           right
           himself
           ,
           I
           think
           the
           State
           of
           the
           Church
           need
           not
           fear
           being
           lessen'd
           .
        
         
           To
           the
           Fourth
           Question
           ,
           I
           answer
           in
           the
           Negative
           ,
           and
           do
           not
           believe
           that
           the
           Church
           would
           joyn
           with
           the
           Republick
           ,
           to
           acquire
           the
           State
           of
           any
           other
           Prince
           ,
           except
           it
           were
           such
           a
           one
           as
           the
           Church
           had
           a
           pretence
           upon
           ,
           and
           then
           they
           would
           keep
           all
           ,
           which
           would
           not
           please
           the
           Republick
           :
           Besides
           ,
           we
           ought
           to
           reflect
           upon
           the
           Genius
           of
           the
           Popedom
           ,
           which
           being
           Elective
           ,
           most
           commonly
           the
           Popes
           have
           no
           other
           aim
           than
           to
           keep
           all
           quiet
           ,
           and
           preserve
           the
           general
           Respect
           of
           Princes
           towards
           them
           ,
           that
           in
           that
           decrepit
           Age
           they
           may
           make
           their
           Families
           ,
           their
           thoughts
           being
           far
           from
           enlarging
           a
           Dominion
           which
           they
           expect
           to
           leave
           every
           day
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           all
           the
           ready
           Money
           ,
           which
           else
           they
           might
           
           lay
           up
           ,
           would
           go
           upon
           projects
           of
           a
           very
           uncertain
           Event
           :
           And
           't
           is
           a
           wonderful
           thing
           that
           Julius
           the
           Second
           ,
           being
           of
           a
           very
           mean
           Birth
           ,
           should
           have
           had
           so
           great
           a
           Sence
           of
           the
           Publick
           Interest
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           as
           to
           forego
           all
           his
           private
           concerns
           ,
           and
           take
           the
           Empty
           Praises
           of
           his
           Courtiers
           in
           payment
           for
           the
           loss
           of
           such
           real
           advantages
           as
           he
           might
           have
           made
           to
           his
           Family
           .
        
         
           The
           last
           Query
           depends
           ,
           in
           a
           great
           measure
           ,
           upon
           the
           others
           .
           I
           do
           not
           think
           it
           would
           be
           easie
           to
           concert
           the
           Union
           of
           the
           Pope
           with
           other
           Princes
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           attack
           the
           Republick
           ,
           because
           it
           will
           never
           be
           advantageous
           to
           the
           Church
           to
           increase
           the
           power
           of
           that
           other
           Prince
           ,
           neither
           will
           it
           look
           like
           the
           Justice
           they
           profess
           ,
           to
           take
           to
           themselves
           alone
           the
           Spoils
           ,
           except
           it
           be
           upon
           a
           Country
           on
           which
           they
           have
           a
           pretence
           :
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           that
           in
           those
           noysie
           Excommunications
           
           where
           they
           deprive
           Princes
           of
           their
           Dominions
           ,
           and
           give
           them
           to
           others
           that
           can
           take
           them
           ,
           there
           might
           be
           some
           danger
           ;
           but
           they
           are
           seldom
           practiz'd
           but
           in
           an
           Attempt
           made
           by
           a
           Prince
           upon
           the
           Church
           ,
           which
           is
           never
           to
           be
           feared
           from
           the
           Piety
           and
           Moderation
           of
           the
           Republick
           .
           There
           is
           no
           doubt
           but
           the
           Church
           would
           enter
           into
           a
           League
           to
           hinder
           any
           progress
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           particularly
           against
           any
           Dependant
           of
           theirs
           ;
           and
           also
           in
           case
           the
           Republick
           attack'd
           some
           small
           Prince
           ,
           the
           Popes
           ,
           to
           affect
           the
           protection
           of
           the
           weak
           ,
           would
           declare
           ;
           but
           if
           the
           Republick
           had
           to
           do
           with
           a
           strong
           Prince
           ,
           the
           Church
           would
           look
           on
           ,
           for
           fear
           of
           greatning
           too
           much
           that
           Prince
           ,
           the
           rather
           ,
           because
           the
           Republick
           can
           lay
           claim
           to
           none
           of
           those
           Old
           ticklish
           Titles
           which
           some
           other
           Princes
           might
           set
           a-foot
           against
           the
           Church
           .
           And
           so
           much
           for
           the
           Pope
           .
        
         
         
           Now
           let
           us
           come
           to
           the
           Emperour
           :
           The
           Republick
           must
           never
           forget
           that
           Maxim
           which
           is
           common
           to
           all
           Princes
           bordering
           upon
           the
           Empire
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           
             That
             it
             is
             not
             convenient
             for
             them
             to
             see
             the
             Emperour
             made
             more
             powerful
             ,
             lest
             he
             renew
             those
             antiquated
             Titles
             he
             has
             to
             most
             Dominions
             near
             him
             ,
             and
             particularly
             in
          
           Italy
           .
        
         
           The
           power
           of
           the
           Roman
           Commonwealth
           ,
           which
           extended
           almost
           over
           all
           the
           known
           World
           ,
           being
           at
           last
           usurp'd
           by
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           ,
           and
           from
           him
           deriv'd
           to
           a
           long
           Series
           of
           succeeding
           Emperours
           ,
           might
           give
           the
           German
           Emperour
           a
           pretext
           to
           reckon
           with
           all
           the
           Princes
           of
           Europe
           ,
           if
           he
           were
           strong
           enough
           ;
           and
           perhaps
           many
           who
           wear
           Crowns
           ,
           would
           be
           reduc'd
           to
           Beggary
           ;
           therefore
           't
           is
           best
           to
           keep
           him
           in
           his
           cold
           Country
           of
           Germany
           ,
           where
           mens
           Spirits
           are
           benumm'd
           ,
           and
           less
           undertaking
           .
           The
           Republick
           has
           
           Reason
           to
           distrust
           him
           upon
           many
           Heads
           ;
           as
           Emperour
           he
           has
           pretences
           upon
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Frioul
           ,
           and
           the
           
             Marca
             Trevisana
          
           ,
           besides
           the
           Cities
           of
           
             Trevisa
             ,
             Padoua
             ,
             Vicenza
          
           and
           Verona
           :
           As
           Arch-Duke
           ,
           he
           pretends
           to
           Istria
           :
           As
           King
           of
           Hungary
           ,
           to
           Zara
           ,
           and
           the
           neighbouring
           Country
           :
           So
           that
           his
           Titles
           and
           Neighbourhood
           are
           considerably
           dangerous
           ;
           all
           these
           Countries
           are
           besides
           of
           greater
           Antiquity
           than
           the
           City
           of
           Venice
           it self
           :
           So
           that
           their
           being
           subject
           to
           a
           Metropolis
           of
           a
           younger
           standing
           ,
           gives
           some
           suspicion
           of
           the
           Lawfulness
           of
           their
           Subjection
           .
           All
           these
           pretences
           were
           renewed
           in
           the
           League
           of
           Cambray
           ;
           Therefore
           I
           think
           ,
           without
           hesitation
           ,
           I
           may
           pronounce
           ,
           That
           it
           is
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Republick
           that
           the
           Emperour
           should
           be
           kept
           low
           ,
           both
           for
           General
           and
           Particular
           Reasons
           .
        
         
         
           From
           these
           Reflections
           we
           may
           also
           conclude
           ,
           that
           the
           Emperour
           to
           these
           Titles
           does
           not
           want
           Inclination
           to
           acquire
           a
           part
           of
           the
           Territories
           of
           the
           Republick
           ;
           particularly
           it
           being
           yet
           a
           complaint
           of
           that
           Prince
           ,
           of
           the
           little
           Respect
           show'd
           him
           by
           the
           Republick
           ,
           when
           taking
           advantage
           of
           his
           Distractions
           ,
           they
           Erected
           the
           Fortress
           of
           
             Palma
             Nuova
          
           just
           under
           his
           Nose
           .
        
         
           There
           remains
           therefore
           to
           see
           what
           Facility
           he
           might
           find
           in
           such
           an
           Attempt
           .
           In
           the
           present
           State
           of
           his
           Affairs
           ,
           while
           the
           Faction
           of
           the
           Protestants
           is
           so
           strong
           in
           Germany
           ,
           I
           cannot
           think
           that
           he
           can
           quarrel
           with
           the
           Republick
           ,
           which
           is
           as
           powerful
           in
           Money
           as
           he
           is
           in
           Men
           :
           For
           in
           length
           of
           time
           't
           is
           certain
           ,
           that
           he
           who
           has
           Money
           may
           have
           Men
           ,
           and
           they
           who
           have
           many
           Men
           must
           consume
           much
           Money
           :
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           he
           being
           so
           near
           a
           Borderer
           upon
           the
           Republick
           ,
           
           it
           may
           give
           him
           the
           more
           confidence
           ,
           because
           a
           lesser
           Number
           will
           be
           necessary
           to
           make
           the
           Invasion
           ;
           but
           if
           the
           Enterprize
           be
           not
           in
           the
           Name
           of
           the
           whole
           Empire
           ,
           in
           which
           case
           the
           whole
           German
           Nation
           would
           be
           a
           party
           ,
           I
           believe
           ,
           with
           the
           help
           of
           his
           own
           Patrimonial
           Dominions
           ,
           he
           will
           not
           do
           any
           great
           matter
           ,
           the
           rather
           ,
           because
           many
           great
           Heretical
           Princes
           and
           Cities
           of
           Germany
           have
           the
           same
           Interest
           to
           keep
           him
           low
           :
           So
           that
           as
           he
           might
           perhaps
           be
           pretty
           smart
           upon
           an
           Invasion
           or
           Incursion
           ,
           at
           length
           of
           time
           he
           would
           prove
           as
           weak
           to
           hold
           out
           a
           War
           :
           And
           indeed
           this
           was
           the
           true
           cause
           of
           Erecting
           the
           Fortress
           of
           
             Palma
             Nuova
          
           ,
           to
           obviate
           a
           sudden
           Incursion
           of
           his
           Forces
           ,
           and
           provide
           a
           Retreat
           for
           the
           Country
           people
           ;
           so
           to
           gain
           time
           ,
           which
           is
           always
           as
           advantageous
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           as
           dangerous
           to
           such
           an
           Enemy
           ,
           who
           if
           he
           have
           not
           some
           body
           to
           furnish
           
           him
           with
           Money
           ,
           will
           get
           but
           little
           ground
           ,
           tho
           his
           Army
           be
           numerous
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Maximilian
           .
        
         
           Now
           whether
           the
           Republick
           has
           any
           Title
           ,
           Inclination
           or
           Facility
           to
           acquire
           any
           part
           of
           the
           Emperour's
           Territories
           ?
           I
           answer
           ,
           That
           without
           doubt
           the
           Republick
           has
           pretences
           upon
           Goritia
           and
           Gradisca
           ,
           which
           formerly
           belong'd
           to
           the
           Family
           of
           the
           Frangipani
           ,
           and
           for
           a
           little
           while
           was
           under
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Republick
           :
           There
           are
           likewise
           some
           Castles
           in
           Istria
           ,
           and
           upon
           the
           Coast
           which
           the
           Republick
           claims
           ;
           and
           for
           an
           Inclination
           to
           acquire
           these
           ,
           we
           need
           not
           doubt
           but
           the
           Republick
           has
           it
           ,
           it
           being
           either
           the
           Vertue
           or
           Vice
           of
           Princes
           never
           to
           be
           without
           it
           :
           But
           still
           the
           great
           consideration
           lies
           in
           the
           Facility
           of
           doing
           it
           ;
           for
           if
           there
           be
           that
           ,
           't
           is
           above
           half
           the
           Title
           ;
           and
           if
           that
           is
           wanting
           ,
           't
           is
           Imprudence
           to
           own
           any
           part
           of
           a
           pretence
           that
           
           must
           remain
           without
           Execution
           .
           I
           believe
           by
           Sea
           it
           would
           prove
           easie
           to
           take
           Trieste
           ,
           and
           some
           other
           places
           ,
           but
           it
           would
           be
           as
           hard
           to
           maintain
           them
           ;
           and
           to
           go
           further
           into
           the
           Land
           ,
           would
           need
           great
           preparatives
           on
           the
           side
           of
           the
           Republick
           :
           whereas
           on
           the
           Emperour's
           side
           ,
           the
           Defence
           would
           be
           easie
           ,
           he
           having
           a
           command
           of
           Men
           :
           So
           that
           except
           in
           an
           open
           War
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           thinking
           of
           any
           strong
           Attempt
           that
           way
           ,
           and
           then
           it
           were
           not
           amiss
           to
           put
           a
           good
           strength
           to
           it
           ,
           that
           at
           the
           end
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           which
           always
           must
           one
           time
           or
           another
           be
           succeeded
           by
           Peace
           ,
           some
           of
           the
           Country
           might
           remain
           by
           Treaty
           in
           the
           Venetians
           Hands
           ,
           for
           the
           charges
           of
           the
           War
           ;
           for
           to
           begin
           a
           War
           only
           for
           the
           acquisition
           :
           of
           these
           places
           ,
           would
           not
           be
           a
           Deliberation
           besitting
           the
           Wisdom
           and
           Gravity
           of
           the
           Venetian
           Senate
           :
           It
           would
           be
           better
           to
           watch
           the
           occasion
           of
           some
           Extremity
           
           or
           Pinch
           of
           an
           Emperour
           ,
           which
           often
           happens
           ,
           and
           buy
           these
           places
           ;
           but
           then
           be
           aware
           that
           if
           it
           be
           not
           a
           Patrimonial
           Estate
           ,
           the
           consent
           of
           the
           Dyet
           is
           necessary
           to
           the
           purchase
           ,
           to
           cut
           off
           all
           claims
           in
           time
           to
           come
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           as
           hard
           ,
           that
           the
           Emperour
           should
           unite
           with
           the
           Republick
           ,
           to
           acquire
           the
           State
           of
           any
           other
           Prince
           in
           Italy
           ,
           because
           ,
           first
           ,
           for
           Spain
           ,
           they
           are
           the
           same
           Family
           with
           the
           Emperour
           ;
           Against
           the
           Church
           he
           will
           declare
           as
           little
           ,
           professing
           a
           great
           Zeal
           for
           it
           ,
           and
           calling
           himself
           ,
           
             The
             Churches
             Advocate
             ;
             Modena
             ,
             Mantoua
          
           and
           Mirandola
           are
           Fiefs
           of
           the
           Empire
           ;
           Savoy
           and
           Florence
           are
           remote
           from
           him
           ,
           and
           to
           come
           at
           them
           he
           must
           overcome
           greater
           Princes
           that
           are
           between
           him
           and
           them
           :
           so
           that
           this
           Union
           would
           prove
           difficult
           .
           If
           the
           Emperour
           should
           fall
           out
           with
           some
           of
           these
           Dukes
           ,
           his
           Vassals
           ,
           and
           depose
           them
           ,
           it
           might
           happen
           
           that
           if
           Spain
           were
           busie
           elsewhere
           ,
           and
           the
           Emperour
           loth
           to
           take
           the
           trouble
           of
           chastising
           them
           himself
           alone
           ,
           he
           might
           then
           unite
           with
           the
           Republick
           ,
           upon
           condition
           to
           have
           the
           best
           part
           of
           the
           Spoil
           ;
           but
           if
           the
           Emperour
           should
           ,
           as
           formerly
           ,
           come
           to
           a
           great
           Rupture
           with
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           employ
           heartily
           his
           power
           in
           the
           Quarrel
           ,
           't
           is
           not
           impossible
           but
           he
           might
           be
           willing
           to
           engage
           the
           Republick
           by
           a
           promise
           of
           some
           part
           of
           the
           conquest
           .
           I
           think
           in
           any
           other
           way
           't
           is
           not
           probable
           to
           make
           any
           advantage
           of
           the
           Imperial
           Assistance
           .
        
         
           The
           last
           Question
           is
           ,
           
             Whether
             he
             can
             unite
             with
             others
             against
             the
             Republick
             ?
          
           And
           of
           this
           there
           is
           no
           doubt
           :
           For
           if
           Maximilian
           ,
           tho
           infinitely
           oblig'd
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           made
           no
           difficulty
           to
           unite
           in
           a
           League
           with
           Lewis
           the
           Twelfth
           of
           France
           ,
           his
           Competitor
           and
           Enemy
           ,
           whom
           ,
           for
           Injuries
           received
           ,
           he
           had
           
           declared
           a
           Rebel
           to
           the
           Sacred
           Empire
           (
           tho
           Lewis
           laugh'd
           at
           that
           Imaginary
           Jurisdiction
           )
           :
           I
           say
           ,
           if
           he
           could
           submit
           to
           joyn
           with
           so
           suspected
           a
           power
           ,
           much
           less
           would
           the
           Emperour
           now
           scruple
           the
           uniting
           either
           with
           Spain
           or
           the
           Pope
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           Princes
           of
           Italy
           ,
           not
           only
           for
           to
           acquire
           Territory
           ,
           but
           even
           for
           bare
           Money
           ,
           if
           it
           were
           offer'd
           him
           .
           With
           France
           I
           believe
           the
           Union
           would
           not
           be
           so
           easie
           as
           it
           was
           then
           ,
           because
           now
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           being
           partial
           for
           Spain
           ,
           if
           their
           Interest
           did
           not
           concur
           ,
           they
           would
           hinder
           him
           from
           being
           drawn
           away
           by
           any
           hopes
           or
           promises
           :
           But
           this
           will
           appear
           better
           when
           we
           come
           to
           treat
           of
           Spain
           :
           For
           if
           Spain
           will
           have
           a
           League
           against
           the
           Republick
           ,
           the
           Emperour
           will
           never
           stand
           out
           .
        
         
           Now
           let
           us
           come
           to
           France
           :
           'T
           is
           not
           above
           Fifty
           years
           ago
           that
           the
           Republick
           thought
           themselves
           
           oblig'd
           not
           only
           to
           desire
           ,
           but
           to
           procure
           the
           Greatness
           of
           France
           ,
           because
           being
           under
           the
           phrensie
           of
           a
           Civil
           War
           ,
           it
           threatned
           little
           less
           than
           the
           dissolution
           of
           that
           Monarchy
           :
           The
           Succession
           of
           Henry
           the
           Fourth
           to
           the
           Crown
           ,
           who
           had
           his
           Title
           from
           Nature
           ,
           and
           the
           Possession
           from
           his
           Sword
           ,
           reviv'd
           it
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           gave
           it
           such
           vigour
           ,
           that
           from
           deserving
           Compassion
           ,
           it
           came
           to
           move
           Envy
           ;
           and
           if
           a
           fatal
           blow
           of
           a
           mean
           hand
           had
           not
           cut
           off
           that
           Prince's
           Life
           ,
           and
           Designs
           ,
           there
           would
           have
           been
           requisite
           great
           Dexterity
           ,
           or
           great
           Force
           to
           defend
           the
           Republick
           from
           them
           .
           The
           
             Count
             de
             Fuentes
          
           ,
           Governour
           of
           Milan
           ,
           us'd
           to
           brag
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           such
           Musick
           as
           should
           make
           those
           dance
           who
           had
           no
           mind
           to
           't
           :
           Henry
           the
           Fourth
           might
           have
           said
           so
           with
           much
           more
           reason
           ,
           and
           he
           us'd
           to
           affirm
           ,
           That
           at
           the
           pass
           things
           were
           ,
           the
           Neutrality
           of
           the
           Republick
           was
           a
           Coyn
           that
           would
           no
           longer
           
           be
           current
           .
           If
           he
           had
           given
           career
           to
           his
           no
           ill-founded
           Designs
           ,
           half
           a
           World
           would
           not
           have
           suffic'd
           him
           ;
           but
           we
           must
           not
           be
           frighted
           if
           we
           see
           the
           Raging
           Sea
           swell
           in
           Billows
           ,
           and
           look
           as
           if
           it
           would
           swallow
           up
           the
           Earth
           ,
           since
           a
           little
           Sand
           stops
           all
           its
           Fury
           .
           Death
           has
           a
           Scythe
           that
           most
           commonly
           cuts
           off
           all
           the
           Noblest
           Lives
           :
           If
           Henry
           the
           Third
           of
           France
           ,
           had
           brought
           the
           Siege
           of
           Paris
           to
           an
           end
           ;
           if
           Philip
           the
           Second
           had
           not
           had
           the
           Winds
           and
           Seas
           against
           him
           ,
           England
           would
           have
           been
           in
           Chains
           ,
           and
           Paris
           would
           have
           been
           a
           Village
           .
           In
           conclusion
           ,
           the
           Fatality
           of
           Humane
           Affairs
           is
           such
           ,
           that
           most
           great
           undertakings
           are
           disappointed
           by
           unexpected
           causes
           .
           At
           present
           the
           constitution
           of
           France
           is
           such
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           little
           danger
           from
           them
           ;
           for
           during
           the
           Minority
           of
           their
           King
           ,
           they
           will
           have
           enough
           to
           do
           not
           to
           lose
           ground
           ,
           there
           being
           so
           many
           Jealousies
           and
           Factions
           afoot
           :
           
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           that
           the
           common
           people
           have
           open'd
           their
           Eyes
           ,
           and
           begin
           to
           be
           weary
           of
           spending
           their
           blood
           for
           the
           ambition
           of
           the
           great
           ones
           ;
           and
           amongst
           these
           ,
           the
           chiefest
           are
           old
           ,
           and
           at
           their
           ease
           ,
           so
           that
           they
           will
           think
           chiefly
           of
           keeping
           themselves
           in
           those
           Posts
           they
           enjoy
           .
           The
           Duke
           of
           Maine
           ,
           who
           is
           Head
           of
           the
           Catholick
           Party
           ,
           is
           very
           ancient
           and
           very
           rich
           ;
           wherefore
           if
           in
           the
           time
           of
           the
           great
           troubles
           ,
           he
           either
           could
           not
           or
           would
           not
           aspire
           to
           make
           himself
           King
           ,
           when
           even
           he
           had
           all
           but
           the
           Name
           of
           it
           ,
           't
           is
           not
           to
           be
           imagined
           he
           thinks
           of
           it
           now
           ;
           and
           if
           he
           will
           be
           content
           with
           the
           State
           of
           a
           Subject
           ,
           he
           is
           as
           great
           as
           he
           can
           be
           .
           The
           Duke
           of
           Mercoeur
           ,
           who
           in
           his
           Wife
           's
           right
           pretended
           to
           Erect
           Britany
           into
           a
           Kingdom
           ,
           is
           at
           last
           dead
           in
           Hungary
           ;
           the
           Duke
           of
           Epernon
           is
           more
           studious
           of
           good
           Husbandry
           than
           Soldiery
           ;
           the
           Duke
           of
           Montpensier
           has
           always
           been
           true
           to
           the
           Royal
           Family
           ;
           the
           Capricios
           
           of
           the
           Marchioness
           of
           Aumale
           ,
           will
           hardly
           have
           any
           Followers
           ;
           and
           it
           will
           be
           well
           if
           she
           can
           clear
           her self
           of
           the
           late
           King's
           Death
           :
           On
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           ,
           the
           first
           Prince
           of
           the
           Blood
           ,
           is
           young
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           mild
           Nature
           ;
           he
           has
           besides
           before
           his
           Eyes
           the
           Example
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           Grandfather
           ,
           and
           Great
           Grandfather
           ,
           who
           all
           perish'd
           unfortunately
           in
           civil
           Broils
           ,
           and
           has
           in
           his
           own
           person
           experimented
           the
           
             Spanish
             Parsimony
          
           ,
           in
           his
           Retreat
           from
           Court
           to
           Brussels
           :
           So
           that
           if
           he
           desires
           a
           greater
           Fortune
           ,
           he
           may
           compass
           it
           in
           France
           ,
           from
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Queen
           her self
           ,
           who
           is
           so
           ill
           a
           Politician
           ,
           as
           to
           try
           to
           put
           out
           Fire
           with
           pouring
           Oyl
           upon
           it
           .
           The
           Hugonots
           are
           weary
           ;
           the
           Duke
           of
           Bovillon
           ,
           their
           Head
           ,
           well
           pleased
           with
           his
           present
           Fortune
           ;
           and
           if
           he
           have
           a
           mind
           to
           be
           a
           Hugonot
           out
           of
           Perswasion
           ,
           and
           not
           Faction
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           body
           will
           hinder
           him
           ;
           but
           most
           of
           these
           great
           men
           have
           Religion
           only
           
           for
           a
           pretext
           ,
           as
           't
           is
           reported
           likewise
           of
           the
           Duke
           
             de
             Lesdiguieres
          
           ,
           which
           if
           it
           be
           true
           ,
           they
           will
           never
           be
           quiet
           till
           the
           King
           be
           of
           Age
           ;
           and
           by
           consequence
           ,
           there
           will
           be
           little
           protection
           to
           be
           hop'd
           for
           from
           that
           Kingdom
           .
           Our
           Speculation
           therefore
           may
           more
           certainly
           conclude
           ,
           that
           the
           Greatness
           of
           France
           is
           at
           a
           stand
           ,
           and
           cannot
           in
           the
           space
           of
           some
           years
           make
           any
           progress
           ,
           and
           till
           it
           come
           to
           an
           Excess
           not
           to
           be
           thought
           on
           for
           these
           fifty
           years
           ,
           it
           can
           give
           no
           Jealousie
           to
           the
           Republick
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           the
           Title
           ,
           Inclination
           and
           Facility
           that
           France
           may
           have
           to
           acquire
           any
           part
           of
           the
           Republick's
           Dominions
           ;
           I
           say
           ,
           we
           need
           not
           doubt
           of
           their
           Inclination
           ,
           because
           Princes
           are
           like
           Wolves
           to
           one
           another
           ,
           always
           ready
           for
           prey
           .
           As
           for
           Title
           ,
           they
           can
           set
           up
           none
           till
           they
           have
           conquer'd
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Milan
           ;
           and
           Facility
           they
           have
           as
           little
           ,
           because
           they
           cannot
           come
           at
           the
           
           Republick's
           Territories
           ,
           without
           first
           passing
           over
           those
           of
           other
           Princes
           ,
           which
           they
           will
           never
           consent
           to
           ,
           lest
           they
           prove
           the
           first
           conquest
           themselves
           :
           Whereupon
           I
           conclude
           ,
           that
           for
           a
           long
           time
           the
           power
           of
           France
           can
           give
           no
           jealousie
           to
           the
           Republick
           .
        
         
           And
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           the
           Republick
           can
           have
           no
           pretences
           ,
           as
           things
           stand
           ,
           upon
           any
           part
           of
           the
           French
           Territories
           ,
           as
           long
           as
           they
           are
           totally
           Excluded
           from
           Italy
           ;
           and
           if
           there
           be
           no
           Title
           ,
           there
           is
           less
           Inclination
           and
           Facility
           .
        
         
           The
           Union
           of
           France
           with
           the
           Republick
           ,
           to
           acquire
           the
           State
           of
           any
           other
           Prince
           ,
           will
           always
           be
           easie
           when
           France
           is
           in
           a
           condition
           to
           mind
           such
           acquisitions
           ;
           the
           past
           Examples
           prove
           that
           sufficiently
           ;
           but
           they
           do
           sufficiently
           bear
           Testimony
           likewise
           of
           the
           danger
           of
           such
           Union
           :
           Now
           that
           the
           French
           are
           totally
           excluded
           Italy
           ,
           they
           would
           agree
           to
           very
           large
           conditions
           with
           the
           Republick
           ,
           
           and
           allow
           them
           a
           great
           share
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Naples
           and
           Dutchy
           of
           Milan
           ;
           but
           they
           would
           no
           sooner
           have
           made
           the
           acquisition
           of
           their
           share
           ,
           but
           they
           would
           begin
           to
           cast
           their
           Eyes
           upon
           that
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           and
           enter
           into
           a
           League
           against
           them
           with
           some
           other
           Prince
           ,
           just
           as
           it
           happened
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Lewis
           the
           Twelfth
           ,
           when
           to
           gain
           Cremona
           ,
           he
           was
           the
           first
           that
           consented
           to
           the
           League
           of
           Cambray
           ,
           deceiving
           all
           the
           while
           the
           Venetian
           Embassador
           at
           Court
           ,
           and
           affirming
           (
           even
           with
           Oaths
           )
           ,
           That
           he
           would
           never
           conclude
           any
           thing
           to
           the
           prejudice
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           tho
           he
           had
           sign'd
           the
           League
           above
           six
           weeks
           before
           the
           War
           began
           ,
           which
           he
           exercised
           likewise
           in
           a
           most
           barbarous
           manner
           ,
           hanging
           up
           the
           Noble
           Venetians
           that
           were
           Governours
           of
           the
           Towns
           he
           took
           .
        
         
           I
           believe
           France
           ,
           to
           get
           footing
           in
           Italy
           ,
           would
           engage
           with
           any
           other
           Prince
           against
           the
           Republick
           ,
           except
           
           with
           the
           Spaniard
           ;
           and
           if
           that
           should
           happen
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           necessary
           to
           stir
           up
           the
           Factions
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           bring
           upon
           them
           some
           powerful
           Neighbour
           ,
           such
           as
           England
           :
           The
           Friendship
           of
           Savoy
           would
           likewise
           be
           useful
           ,
           to
           hinder
           the
           Passes
           of
           the
           Mountains
           ,
           and
           make
           some
           diversion
           in
           Provence
           and
           Dauphine
           ,
           if
           there
           could
           be
           any
           relying
           upon
           this
           present
           Duke
           ;
           but
           he
           is
           a
           Proteus
           ,
           that
           turns
           himself
           into
           many
           forms
           ,
           and
           with
           his
           
           Capricio's
           and
           Humours
           ,
           would
           soon
           empty
           the
           Treasures
           of
           
             S.
             Marc
          
           :
           But
           these
           are
           things
           so
           remote
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           be
           left
           to
           the
           prudence
           of
           those
           who
           shall
           live
           in
           those
           times
           ;
           for
           according
           to
           the
           Times
           there
           must
           be
           alteration
           of
           Councils
           .
           And
           so
           much
           for
           France
           .
        
         
           Now
           let
           us
           turn
           to
           Spain
           ,
        
         
           A
           Family
           that
           from
           low
           beginnings
           ,
           is
           come
           by
           Marriages
           to
           the
           possession
           of
           Twelve
           Kingdoms
           ,
           and
           several
           Dukedoms
           in
           Europe
           ,
           besides
           
           what
           it
           has
           in
           the
           Indies
           ,
           does
           certainly
           evidence
           a
           great
           Favour
           of
           Fortune
           ,
           joyn'd
           with
           great
           application
           and
           industry
           :
           So
           that
           if
           it
           be
           not
           stopp'd
           by
           Fatality
           ,
           may
           bid
           fair
           for
           an
           Universal
           Empire
           :
           If
           Charles
           the
           Fifth
           had
           had
           as
           much
           prudence
           in
           his
           youth
           as
           he
           had
           in
           his
           old
           Age
           ,
           he
           would
           not
           have
           separated
           the
           Empire
           from
           Spain
           ,
           but
           would
           have
           made
           his
           Son
           Philip
           have
           been
           chosen
           King
           of
           the
           Romans
           ,
           instead
           of
           his
           Brother
           Ferdinand
           :
           He
           understood
           his
           Errour
           ,
           and
           repented
           of
           it
           at
           last
           ,
           trying
           to
           perswade
           Ferdinand
           to
           a
           Renunciation
           ;
           but
           he
           shew'd
           as
           much
           prudence
           in
           keeping
           what
           he
           had
           got
           so
           wonderfully
           into
           his
           Hands
           ,
           as
           Charles
           would
           have
           shew'd
           folly
           in
           going
           to
           deprive
           him
           of
           it
           by
           Force
           .
           Charles
           was
           not
           less
           unhappy
           in
           the
           other
           Act
           of
           Moderation
           he
           shew'd
           ,
           when
           he
           renounc'd
           all
           his
           Kingdoms
           to
           his
           Son
           ,
           and
           retired
           to
           a
           private
           Life
           ;
           For
           to
           one
           
           who
           on
           the
           Anniversary
           Day
           of
           that
           Famous
           Action
           ,
           congratulated
           King
           Philip
           for
           his
           Felicity
           ,
           he
           answered
           ,
           That
           Day
           was
           likewise
           the
           Anniversary
           of
           his
           Father's
           Repentance
           :
           So
           that
           Actions
           of
           Moderation
           in
           Princes
           ,
           are
           but
           like
           that
           Insect
           called
           the
           Ephemera
           ,
           which
           lives
           and
           dies
           the
           same
           day
           .
        
         
           The
           Greatness
           of
           Spain
           is
           therefore
           to
           be
           suspected
           ;
           it
           has
           Two
           Wild
           Beasts
           that
           follow
           it
           always
           close
           ,
           one
           on
           one
           side
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           on
           the
           other
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Tark
           by
           Sea
           ,
           and
           France
           by
           Land
           ;
           and
           besides
           that
           it
           has
           that
           Issue
           of
           Holland
           ,
           as
           witty
           Boccalini
           calls
           it
           ,
           which
           will
           sufficiently
           purge
           it
           of
           all
           its
           ill
           Humours
           ;
           and
           it
           must
           be
           own'd
           ,
           that
           all
           the
           Spanish
           Sagacity
           has
           not
           hindered
           them
           from
           following
           the
           Fable
           of
           the
           Dog
           ,
           who
           forsook
           the
           Substance
           for
           the
           Shadow
           :
           For
           ,
           for
           Forty
           years
           together
           ,
           France
           was
           sufficiently
           taken
           up
           with
           their
           own
           ▪
           Intestine
           Broils
           ,
           
           during
           which
           time
           Spain
           might
           with
           great
           advantage
           have
           made
           a
           Truce
           with
           Holland
           ;
           and
           having
           likewise
           humbled
           the
           Turk
           ,
           by
           the
           Battle
           of
           Lepanto
           ,
           they
           might
           have
           applied
           their
           whole
           Force
           to
           Italy
           ,
           which
           had
           no
           Defence
           but
           its
           own
           Natives
           ,
           and
           not
           of
           them
           above
           half
           :
           So
           that
           in
           all
           probability
           they
           could
           have
           met
           with
           no
           considerable
           opposition
           .
        
         
           One
           might
           say
           ,
           That
           it
           was
           an
           Effect
           of
           King
           
           Philip's
           Moderation
           ,
           if
           he
           had
           not
           shew'd
           as
           great
           an
           Ambition
           of
           Dominion
           as
           possible
           ,
           in
           endeavouring
           first
           to
           unite
           France
           to
           Spain
           by
           conquest
           ,
           then
           to
           have
           his
           Daughter
           chosen
           Queen
           ,
           and
           lastly
           ,
           seiz'd
           upon
           as
           many
           Towns
           as
           he
           could
           ;
           Therefore
           we
           may
           give
           the
           Italians
           Joy
           ,
           that
           half
           an
           Age
           of
           so
           much
           danger
           passed
           without
           the
           least
           loss
           of
           their
           Liberty
           .
           Now
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           French
           King's
           Minority
           ,
           the
           
           Jealousies
           against
           Spain
           are
           a-foot
           again
           ,
           but
           ,
           I
           think
           ,
           not
           with
           so
           much
           ground
           ;
           For
           if
           not
           France
           ,
           at
           least
           England
           ,
           would
           raise
           their
           old
           Enemies
           ,
           the
           Dutch
           particularly
           ,
           if
           the
           Italians
           should
           help
           with
           Money
           :
           So
           that
           if
           Italy
           can
           but
           resist
           the
           first
           brunt
           ,
           it
           may
           hope
           for
           all
           sort
           of
           Relief
           ;
           for
           France
           has
           Forces
           ,
           and
           they
           would
           soon
           have
           a
           will
           to
           succour
           Italy
           against
           Spain
           :
           Neither
           do
           I
           believe
           ,
           that
           Spain
           would
           hazard
           the
           Truce
           with
           Holland
           ,
           it
           having
           been
           compass'd
           with
           such
           Difficulties
           ,
           even
           to
           the
           loss
           of
           much
           of
           their
           Honour
           and
           Fast.
           'T
           is
           enough
           ,
           that
           to
           all
           other
           Christian
           Princes
           ,
           except
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           the
           Greatness
           of
           Spain
           is
           of
           ill
           Consequence
           ;
           And
           therefore
           to
           be
           opposed
           by
           all
           secret
           means
           first
           ,
           and
           if
           need
           be
           ,
           at
           last
           openly
           ,
           and
           without
           a
           Mask
           .
        
         
           If
           Spain
           has
           any
           Title
           ,
           Inclination
           or
           Facility
           to
           acquire
           part
           of
           
           the
           Republick's
           Dominions
           ,
           there
           will
           be
           little
           Difficulty
           to
           answer
           :
           Their
           Title
           would
           be
           upon
           
             Brescia
             ,
             Crema
          
           ,
           and
           Bergamo
           ,
           ancient
           Members
           of
           the
           Dutchy
           of
           Milan
           :
           And
           these
           Three
           Cities
           are
           so
           considerable
           ,
           that
           with
           their
           Territory
           ,
           they
           would
           perhaps
           make
           up
           as
           rich
           a
           Dutchy
           as
           any
           in
           Lombardy
           ,
           except
           Milan
           :
           So
           that
           we
           need
           not
           doubt
           ,
           but
           the
           Spaniard
           looks
           upon
           these
           Cities
           with
           an
           Amorous
           Eye
           ,
           and
           with
           great
           Desire
           to
           enjoy
           them
           ;
           there
           remains
           only
           the
           Facility
           of
           doing
           it
           ,
           which
           is
           always
           the
           most
           important
           of
           the
           Three
           Points
           :
           Upon
           this
           Subject
           we
           must
           distinguish
           whether
           they
           will
           make
           the
           Attempt
           by
           themselves
           ,
           or
           in
           Conjunction
           with
           others
           :
           If
           alone
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Republick
           have
           any
           Great
           Prince
           ,
           either
           Italian
           ,
           or
           Foreigner
           on
           their
           side
           ,
           they
           will
           meet
           with
           little
           Facility
           in
           their
           Designs
           ,
           because
           the
           Republick's
           
           Money
           ,
           joyn'd
           to
           the
           Forces
           of
           another
           Prince
           ,
           can
           give
           check
           to
           almost
           any
           great
           Power
           ,
           and
           particularly
           to
           that
           of
           Spain
           ,
           whose
           States
           and
           Possessions
           are
           large
           ,
           but
           disunited
           ;
           and
           they
           cannot
           but
           be
           afraid
           ,
           that
           while
           they
           are
           busied
           in
           Lombardy
           ,
           others
           would
           try
           to
           attack
           them
           in
           a
           more
           sensible
           part
           :
           If
           Spain
           should
           therefore
           unite
           with
           any
           other
           Prince
           ,
           provided
           the
           Republick
           had
           France
           on
           their
           side
           ,
           they
           would
           not
           much
           hurt
           it
           ,
           because
           the
           Inundation
           of
           the
           French
           into
           Lombardy
           ,
           uses
           to
           be
           both
           powerful
           and
           sudden
           ,
           provided
           they
           be
           called
           in
           by
           an
           Italian
           Prince
           of
           some
           Figure
           ;
           and
           by
           that
           means
           the
           Spaniard
           being
           attack'd
           on
           Two
           sides
           ,
           would
           go
           near
           to
           lose
           his
           Dutchy
           of
           Milan
           .
        
         
           But
           if
           we
           consider
           the
           Republick
           united
           only
           with
           some
           Italian
           Prince
           ,
           and
           the
           French
           to
           stand
           Spectator
           ,
           as
           might
           happen
           in
           the
           
           Minority
           of
           a
           French
           King
           ,
           particularly
           if
           the
           Spaniard
           had
           the
           Pope
           and
           Emperour
           of
           his
           side
           ,
           I
           doubt
           the
           Republick
           would
           be
           hard
           set
           ;
           for
           that
           other
           Prince
           in
           League
           with
           them
           ,
           cannot
           be
           of
           any
           great
           Force
           ;
           the
           most
           useful
           would
           be
           Savoy
           ;
           but
           besides
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           be
           bought
           very
           dear
           ,
           he
           would
           be
           always
           wavering
           ,
           if
           the
           Spaniards
           tempted
           him
           strongly
           :
           The
           Richest
           would
           be
           Florence
           ;
           but
           his
           Territories
           not
           joyning
           upon
           those
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           there
           is
           little
           good
           to
           be
           expected
           from
           his
           assistance
           .
           Lastly
           ,
           If
           Spain
           will
           fall
           upon
           the
           Republick
           alone
           ,
           and
           the
           Republick
           be
           likewise
           alone
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           That
           as
           to
           the
           State
           of
           
             Terra
             Firma
          
           ,
           it
           would
           go
           near
           to
           be
           lost
           ;
           but
           by
           Sea
           the
           Republick
           would
           make
           a
           stout
           Resistance
           .
        
         
           But
           if
           it
           be
           ask'd
           ,
           whether
           the
           Republick
           have
           either
           Title
           ,
           Inclination
           or
           Facility
           to
           acquire
           any
           
           part
           of
           the
           Spanish
           Dominions
           in
           Italy
           ?
           I
           answer
           ,
           the
           Title
           would
           be
           upon
           Cremona
           in
           Lombardy
           ,
           and
           upon
           Travi
           ,
           and
           other
           Ports
           of
           
             La
             Puglia
          
           ,
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Naples
           ,
           the
           Republick
           having
           been
           in
           Possession
           of
           all
           these
           places
           before
           ever
           Spain
           had
           footing
           in
           Italy
           :
           So
           that
           there
           wants
           nothing
           but
           Facility
           ;
           and
           there
           is
           but
           one
           Case
           that
           I
           know
           in
           which
           the
           Republick
           might
           hope
           to
           get
           Possession
           again
           ;
           and
           that
           is
           ,
           in
           case
           the
           Republick
           were
           in
           League
           with
           France
           ,
           and
           the
           Emperour
           busied
           by
           the
           Protestants
           of
           Germany
           ,
           then
           some
           of
           these
           Expectations
           might
           be
           fulfilled
           ,
           but
           still
           with
           the
           same
           Jealousie
           ,
           that
           your
           Friends
           should
           at
           last
           joyn
           with
           your
           Enemies
           to
           fall
           upon
           the
           Republick
           ,
           as
           it
           happened
           in
           the
           League
           of
           Cambray
           .
           And
           this
           answers
           the
           other
           Question
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           Whether
           Spain
           
             can
             unite
             with
             any
             other
             Power
             against
             the
             Republick
             ?
          
           'T
           is
           very
           true
           ,
           that
           I
           can
           hardly
           believe
           ,
           that
           the
           Spaniards
           
           would
           ,
           without
           any
           precedent
           broil
           ,
           attempt
           a
           League
           with
           France
           against
           the
           Republick
           ,
           because
           the
           Damage
           of
           one
           City's
           remaining
           in
           the
           French
           Hands
           ,
           would
           be
           greater
           to
           them
           than
           the
           profit
           of
           taking
           all
           the
           Republick
           has
           in
           
             Terra
             Firma
          
           would
           amount
           to
           .
        
         
           Whether
           the
           Spaniard
           may
           unite
           with
           the
           Republick
           ,
           to
           acquire
           conjoyntly
           in
           Italy
           ;
           I
           say
           ,
           That
           if
           it
           be
           against
           an
           Italian
           Prince
           ,
           they
           will
           not
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           not
           their
           Interest
           that
           the
           Republick
           should
           be
           greater
           ,
           and
           already
           almost
           all
           the
           lesser
           Princes
           are
           Dependants
           of
           that
           Monarchy
           :
           and
           as
           for
           the
           Pope
           ,
           they
           would
           certainly
           help
           him
           ,
           rather
           than
           joyn
           against
           him
           ,
           being
           us'd
           to
           make
           a
           great
           shew
           of
           their
           protecting
           the
           Church
           :
           The
           only
           case
           that
           would
           make
           them
           bear
           patiently
           any
           new
           Acquisitions
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           would
           be
           ,
           if
           France
           should
           make
           any
           progress
           in
           Italy
           .
        
         
         
           After
           all
           ,
           amidst
           so
           many
           well-grounded
           suspicions
           ,
           it
           must
           be
           confessed
           ,
           that
           the
           Neighbourhood
           of
           Spain
           has
           prov'd
           of
           less
           disturbance
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           than
           that
           of
           any
           other
           Prince
           who
           had
           those
           Countries
           before
           them
           ;
           for
           the
           Dukes
           of
           Milan
           were
           perpetually
           either
           quarrelling
           ,
           or
           ,
           finding
           themselves
           too
           weak
           ,
           were
           inciting
           of
           other
           Powers
           under-hand
           against
           the
           Republick
           .
        
         
           There
           may
           be
           an
           Union
           likewise
           of
           the
           Republick
           and
           Spain
           by
           Sea
           ,
           against
           the
           Turk
           ,
           and
           by
           Land
           against
           the
           Grisons
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           Hereticks
           .
           And
           this
           is
           enough
           for
           Spain
           .
        
         
           Now
           by
           reason
           of
           Vicinity
           ,
           we
           will
           speak
           of
           the
           other
           Italian
           Princes
           :
           It
           would
           be
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Republick
           to
           see
           them
           greater
           ,
           if
           it
           could
           be
           done
           at
           the
           Expence
           of
           Spain
           ,
           and
           by
           their
           Spoils
           ,
           as
           also
           by
           getting
           from
           the
           Church
           :
           But
           both
           those
           Cases
           are
           next
           to
           impossible
           ,
           
           if
           first
           the
           World
           be
           not
           turn'd
           topsy
           turvy
           ,
           which
           can
           never
           be
           ,
           but
           by
           a
           League
           with
           France
           ;
           and
           then
           if
           any
           part
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           Dominions
           could
           be
           shar'd
           amongst
           them
           ,
           it
           would
           not
           injure
           the
           Republick
           at
           all
           :
           but
           for
           any
           of
           these
           Princes
           to
           grow
           great
           by
           spoiling
           one
           another
           ,
           I
           should
           not
           like
           it
           ;
           for
           the
           advantage
           would
           be
           inconsiderable
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           fire
           would
           be
           kindled
           in
           Italy
           ,
           the
           property
           of
           which
           is
           to
           go
           not
           where
           you
           would
           have
           it
           ,
           but
           often
           where
           you
           are
           most
           afraid
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           Whether
           any
           of
           these
           Princes
           have
           Title
           ,
           Inclination
           or
           Facility
           to
           acquire
           from
           the
           Republick
           ,
           the
           consideration
           will
           be
           short
           ,
           because
           Facility
           will
           be
           wanting
           .
           Mantoua
           has
           some
           pretences
           upon
           Valesa
           and
           
             Peschiera
             ;
             Modena
          
           upon
           the
           Town
           of
           Este
           ,
           from
           whence
           the
           Family
           comes
           :
           But
           all
           these
           little
           Princes
           united
           without
           the
           Pope
           and
           Spain
           ,
           could
           hardly
           give
           a
           disturbance
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           
           because
           the
           Two
           powerfullest
           of
           them
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           Savoy
           and
           Florence
           ,
           are
           not
           immediate
           Borderers
           .
        
         
           Whether
           the
           Republick
           have
           either
           Title
           ,
           Inclination
           or
           Facility
           to
           acquire
           from
           them
           in
           the
           State
           they
           now
           are
           in
           ;
           I
           answer
           ,
           That
           the
           House
           of
           Este
           not
           having
           Ferrara
           ,
           the
           Republick
           has
           no
           Title
           to
           either
           Modena
           or
           Reggio
           :
           There
           would
           indeed
           be
           a
           good
           Inclination
           against
           Mantoua
           ,
           because
           he
           lies
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           in
           the
           Bowels
           of
           the
           Republick
           ;
           but
           there
           would
           be
           but
           an
           ill
           Title
           ,
           except
           the
           Republick
           should
           bear
           the
           Charges
           of
           his
           Education
           ,
           while
           they
           were
           his
           Guardians
           ;
           and
           then
           the
           Facility
           would
           be
           small
           ;
           for
           no
           sooner
           would
           the
           Republick
           have
           begun
           the
           Dance
           ,
           but
           others
           would
           come
           in
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           it
           would
           not
           end
           as
           it
           begun
           .
           Of
           the
           other
           Princes
           I
           have
           little
           to
           say
           ,
           the
           Republick
           having
           had
           no
           disputes
           with
           them
           ;
           for
           the
           Genoueses
           ,
           who
           formerly
           set
           
           the
           Republick
           so
           hard
           ,
           have
           done
           as
           the
           Horse
           in
           the
           Fable
           ,
           lost
           their
           own
           Liberty
           ,
           in
           hopes
           of
           being
           victorious
           of
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           are
           by
           that
           means
           out
           of
           power
           to
           hurt
           the
           Republick
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           Leagues
           these
           Princes
           will
           be
           ready
           to
           make
           them
           either
           with
           or
           against
           the
           Republick
           ,
           because
           their
           Fortune
           ,
           as
           Princes
           ,
           being
           but
           small
           ,
           they
           will
           let
           slip
           no
           occasion
           of
           mending
           it
           ,
           either
           by
           acquisition
           of
           new
           Territory
           ,
           or
           by
           receiving
           Subsidies
           and
           Pensions
           .
           Florence
           only
           would
           hardly
           be
           mov'd
           by
           that
           last
           motive
           ,
           because
           he
           is
           not
           needy
           ,
           being
           at
           this
           time
           perhaps
           the
           Richest
           Prince
           in
           ready
           Money
           that
           is
           in
           Christendom
           ;
           and
           his
           Riches
           always
           increase
           ,
           because
           the
           Princes
           of
           that
           Family
           do
           yet
           retain
           their
           Ancestors
           Inclination
           to
           Merchandize
           ,
           and
           that
           enriches
           the
           Prince
           without
           damage
           to
           the
           Subject
           .
           The
           Dominions
           of
           the
           great
           Duke
           are
           considerable
           ,
           as
           well
           because
           they
           are
           placed
           
           as
           it
           were
           in
           the
           Navel
           of
           Italy
           ,
           with
           a
           fertile
           Territory
           ,
           all
           united
           together
           ,
           as
           also
           because
           the
           States
           of
           other
           Princes
           are
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           a
           Wall
           and
           Defence
           to
           it
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           besides
           ,
           to
           be
           valued
           by
           the
           Communication
           it
           has
           with
           the
           Sea
           by
           Leghorn
           ,
           and
           some
           other
           Maritime
           Fortresses
           :
           So
           that
           if
           one
           were
           to
           reckon
           upon
           any
           Italian
           Prince
           ,
           I
           know
           none
           that
           deserves
           so
           well
           ,
           as
           being
           exempted
           from
           the
           temptation
           of
           being
           bought
           ,
           and
           having
           yet
           some
           of
           that
           punctual
           mercantile
           Faith.
           
        
         
           If
           the
           Republick
           will
           have
           a
           League
           with
           any
           of
           the
           other
           Italian
           Princes
           ,
           there
           will
           be
           no
           difficulty
           in
           it
           ,
           provided
           they
           pay
           them
           ;
           but
           withal
           ,
           one
           must
           not
           forget
           the
           witty
           Reflection
           of
           Boccalini
           ,
           when
           the
           Italian
           Princes
           are
           willing
           to
           be
           taught
           manners
           out
           of
           the
           Galateo
           ,
           provided
           that
           it
           may
           not
           look
           like
           ill
           breeding
           in
           them
           ,
           to
           eat
           with
           both
           Jaws
           as
           fast
           as
           they
           can
           .
        
         
         
           With
           Poland
           the
           Republick
           can
           have
           no
           other
           Concern
           than
           that
           of
           defending
           Christendom
           ,
           and
           by
           some
           diversion
           from
           that
           Crown
           ,
           bear
           the
           more
           easily
           the
           weight
           of
           the
           Ottoman
           Power
           :
           Therefore
           it
           would
           be
           well
           for
           the
           Republick
           to
           have
           that
           King
           and
           Kingdom
           grow
           more
           powerful
           .
           As
           for
           any
           thing
           else
           ,
           the
           great
           distance
           that
           is
           between
           that
           State
           and
           the
           Republick
           ,
           takes
           away
           all
           matter
           of
           any
           further
           Consideration
           .
           The
           same
           thing
           may
           be
           said
           of
           the
           Moscovite
           .
        
         
           England
           being
           the
           greatest
           of
           those
           powers
           that
           are
           separated
           from
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           is
           a
           Kingdom
           of
           great
           strength
           ,
           particularly
           since
           the
           Union
           of
           Scotland
           ;
           and
           the
           Kings
           of
           England
           have
           nothing
           left
           to
           desire
           as
           to
           Territory
           :
           All
           that
           Island
           is
           now
           under
           the
           Dominion
           of
           one
           sole
           Monarch
           ,
           and
           has
           the
           Sea
           for
           a
           Wall
           :
           So
           that
           if
           England
           be
           not
           disunited
           within
           it self
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           power
           to
           overcome
           it
           :
           We
           see
           the
           Example
           in
           
           the
           Invasion
           of
           Philip
           the
           Second
           of
           Spain
           (
           and
           yet
           then
           the
           Union
           was
           not
           so
           great
           as
           might
           have
           been
           )
           who
           lost
           his
           mighty
           Armada
           that
           he
           had
           been
           so
           long
           preparing
           at
           such
           vast
           Expences
           .
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           who
           has
           shew'd
           the
           World
           how
           far
           a
           Woman's
           ability
           can
           go
           in
           Government
           ,
           did
           likewise
           enlarge
           her
           Dominions
           by
           Navigations
           to
           the
           Indies
           ,
           and
           wounded
           Spain
           in
           that
           tender
           part
           ;
           She
           likewise
           had
           some
           Ports
           of
           the
           Low-Countries
           consign'd
           to
           her
           ,
           so
           that
           she
           seem'd
           to
           be
           hardly
           contain'd
           in
           that
           separate
           World
           of
           hers
           .
           The
           Island
           is
           fertile
           and
           delicious
           ,
           producing
           all
           necessaries
           for
           Life
           ,
           and
           though
           the
           Natives
           go
           abroad
           and
           buy
           the
           Products
           of
           other
           Countries
           ,
           it
           is
           more
           as
           Superfluities
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           Luxury
           ,
           than
           want
           ,
           and
           amongst
           the
           rest
           ,
           they
           have
           a
           Trade
           for
           Grapes
           called
           Currans
           ,
           which
           they
           buy
           in
           the
           Dominions
           of
           the
           Republick
           .
           Henry
           the
           Eighth
           ,
           who
           
           was
           the
           King
           that
           Apostatiz'd
           from
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           did
           use
           to
           concern
           himself
           in
           the
           Affairs
           of
           Italy
           ,
           and
           several
           times
           the
           Popes
           have
           had
           good
           Protection
           from
           the
           ancient
           Kings
           of
           that
           Country
           ,
           who
           were
           most
           devoted
           to
           the
           See
           of
           Rome
           ;
           to
           say
           truth
           ,
           Religion
           has
           had
           a
           great
           Loss
           ,
           and
           the
           Court
           of
           Rome
           a
           greater
           ,
           I
           cannot
           well
           say
           ,
           whether
           out
           of
           the
           great
           Lust
           of
           Henry
           the
           Eighth
           ,
           or
           the
           little
           consideration
           of
           Clement
           the
           Seventh
           ,
           at
           present
           that
           King
           will
           not
           hear
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           has
           but
           small
           Curiosity
           for
           the
           Affairs
           of
           Italy
           .
        
         
           If
           this
           King
           could
           grow
           greater
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           advantageous
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           because
           it
           might
           obtain
           his
           Alliance
           ,
           and
           by
           that
           means
           a
           greater
           respect
           from
           other
           Crown'd
           Heads
           ;
           but
           however
           ,
           even
           without
           this
           consideration
           ,
           't
           is
           a
           Power
           to
           be
           courted
           ,
           because
           the
           Nation
           having
           an
           ancient
           Antipathy
           to
           France
           ,
           and
           a
           modern
           one
           
           to
           Spain
           ,
           it
           cannot
           but
           have
           a
           good
           inclination
           for
           the
           Republick
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           that
           the
           present
           King
           is
           more
           enclin'd
           to
           Wars
           with
           his
           Pen
           ,
           than
           with
           his
           Sword
           ,
           having
           a
           mighty
           Love
           for
           Disputes
           ,
           and
           valuing
           himself
           upon
           the
           Character
           of
           a
           Notable
           Divine
           ;
           so
           much
           has
           the
           Quarrel
           with
           Rome
           influenc'd
           that
           Country
           ,
           that
           even
           their
           Princes
           study
           Controversie
           ;
           but
           however
           I
           should
           not
           think
           the
           Republick
           ought
           to
           mind
           any
           of
           those
           Circumstances
           ,
           because
           where
           there
           is
           strength
           ,
           there
           is
           always
           hopes
           of
           making
           use
           of
           it
           ,
           that
           depending
           only
           upon
           raising
           of
           Passions
           .
        
         
           The
           best
           means
           would
           be
           (
           besides
           the
           continuation
           of
           those
           Offices
           already
           introduc'd
           of
           mutual
           Embassies
           )
           strictly
           to
           command
           the
           Governours
           in
           the
           Levant
           to
           shew
           all
           good
           usage
           to
           the
           English
           Merchants
           ,
           and
           particularly
           observe
           punctually
           all
           Treaties
           and
           Engagements
           with
           them
           ,
           because
           there
           is
           
           no
           Nation
           that
           puts
           a
           greater
           value
           upon
           their
           Word
           than
           the
           English
           do
           ,
           and
           the
           Kings
           of
           that
           Island
           have
           not
           yet
           learnt
           the
           modern
           Policy
           that
           gives
           them
           leave
           to
           break
           their
           Faith
           in
           order
           to
           reigning
           more
           absolutely
           .
        
         
           With
           the
           Seven
           United
           Provinces
           't
           will
           be
           good
           to
           cultivate
           Friendship
           ,
           and
           to
           encrease
           it
           by
           a
           mutual
           defensive
           League
           ,
           particularly
           at
           this
           time
           ,
           that
           the
           Truce
           is
           but
           newly
           concluded
           with
           Spain
           ;
           for
           it
           will
           be
           a
           Curb
           upon
           the
           Spaniard
           ,
           if
           he
           should
           attempt
           any
           thing
           against
           the
           Republick
           ,
           for
           fear
           his
           old
           Wounds
           should
           be
           set
           a
           bleeding
           again
           ,
           they
           being
           but
           just
           bound
           up
           ,
           and
           not
           healed
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           feasable
           likewise
           to
           procure
           something
           more
           of
           Trade
           with
           the
           Hollanders
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           extremely
           ingenious
           ,
           and
           addicted
           that
           way
           ;
           and
           moreover
           ,
           since
           both
           the
           Republicks
           stand
           in
           awe
           of
           the
           same
           Power
           ,
           it
           will
           not
           be
           
           difficult
           to
           unite
           their
           inclinations
           ;
           and
           they
           have
           made
           on
           their
           side
           a
           sufficient
           Advance
           ,
           by
           sending
           an
           Embassy
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           which
           though
           of
           Complement
           ,
           yet
           it
           has
           shew'd
           great
           esteem
           and
           inclination
           to
           an
           Union
           .
        
         
           Besides
           the
           Advantage
           of
           a
           solid
           diversion
           of
           the
           Forces
           of
           Spain
           ,
           there
           is
           another
           Essential
           consideration
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           That
           from
           them
           might
           be
           had
           a
           considerable
           Body
           of
           well
           disciplin'd
           Soldiers
           ,
           and
           that
           with
           admirable
           celerity
           ,
           besides
           several
           Regiments
           that
           might
           be
           rais'd
           in
           a
           Country
           so
           well
           us'd
           to
           War
           ,
           if
           there
           were
           occasion
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           inconveniencies
           of
           Transportation
           are
           not
           to
           be
           valued
           ;
           for
           the
           Republick
           will
           always
           have
           a
           greater
           scarcity
           of
           good
           Soldiers
           ,
           than
           of
           good
           Money
           .
        
         
           With
           the
           Princes
           of
           Germany
           of
           a
           different
           Religion
           ,
           there
           can
           hardly
           be
           any
           Concerns
           ,
           if
           there
           is
           no
           room
           for
           Quarrels
           .
           As
           the
           
           World
           stands
           now
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           not
           well
           ,
           they
           should
           grow
           greater
           ,
           at
           least
           't
           is
           not
           amiss
           ,
           they
           are
           already
           great
           enough
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           a
           Check
           upon
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           who
           else
           would
           be
           a
           most
           formidable
           Potentate
           to
           all
           Princes
           ,
           but
           more
           particularly
           to
           the
           Italians
           ,
           and
           more
           to
           the
           Republick
           ,
           than
           to
           the
           rest
           of
           Italy
           ;
           but
           now
           by
           their
           means
           his
           Power
           is
           not
           only
           balanced
           ,
           but
           almost
           quite
           oppressed
           to
           the
           common
           benefit
           of
           other
           Princes
           .
           With
           these
           Princes
           it
           will
           be
           easie
           for
           the
           Republick
           to
           have
           an
           Engagement
           :
           First
           ,
           because
           they
           know
           that
           the
           Republick
           is
           not
           a
           blind
           Adorer
           of
           the
           Interests
           of
           the
           Court
           of
           Rome
           :
           And
           ,
           Secondly
           ,
           because
           they
           see
           the
           Jealousies
           that
           are
           between
           the
           Republick
           and
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           from
           whence
           they
           conclude
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           no
           danger
           of
           a
           League
           between
           them
           and
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           and
           by
           consequence
           ,
           they
           have
           not
           the
           Republick
           for
           a
           suspected
           
           Power
           ;
           and
           upon
           all
           Occurrences
           ,
           it
           will
           do
           well
           to
           shew
           an
           Inclination
           to
           Friendship
           with
           them
           ,
           first
           ,
           because
           they
           may
           make
           a
           potent
           diversion
           ;
           and
           ,
           secondly
           ,
           because
           their
           Country
           being
           a
           Nursery
           of
           Soldiers
           ,
           the
           Republick
           upon
           occasion
           may
           make
           Levies
           there
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           a
           point
           of
           high
           importance
           for
           the
           Republick
           to
           be
           certain
           of
           their
           Levies
           ;
           for
           in
           a
           time
           of
           need
           they
           can
           hope
           but
           for
           small
           help
           from
           the
           
             Italian
             Militia
          
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           not
           yet
           said
           any
           thing
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Bavaria
           ;
           and
           he
           is
           not
           to
           be
           omitted
           ,
           being
           so
           much
           a
           dependant
           of
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           from
           whom
           he
           has
           received
           the
           Electoral
           Dignity
           ,
           upon
           the
           Exclusion
           of
           the
           Elector
           Palatin
           :
           This
           Prince
           has
           had
           the
           boldness
           to
           contest
           the
           Precedency
           with
           the
           Republick
           at
           the
           Council
           of
           Trent
           ;
           and
           therefore
           no
           good
           Correspondency
           can
           be
           between
           him
           and
           the
           Republick
           .
           It
           
           would
           not
           be
           amiss
           to
           see
           him
           lessen'd
           ;
           for
           't
           is
           always
           to
           be
           wish'd
           ,
           that
           he
           who
           has
           no
           good
           Intentions
           ,
           should
           have
           as
           little
           power
           to
           offend
           as
           may
           be
           .
        
         
           The
           Order
           of
           Malta
           ,
           who
           are
           Pyrating
           Princes
           ,
           is
           likewise
           to
           be
           minded
           ;
           and
           their
           growth
           in
           Power
           can
           be
           of
           no
           use
           to
           the
           Republick
           :
           They
           do
           nothing
           but
           waken
           the
           Ottoman
           Power
           ,
           when
           't
           is
           almost
           lull'd
           asleep
           ;
           and
           therefore
           are
           dangerous
           :
           Their
           Friendship
           ,
           in
           time
           of
           open
           War
           with
           the
           Turk
           ,
           will
           be
           easily
           had
           ,
           upon
           the
           Hopes
           of
           a
           good
           Booty
           .
        
         
           It
           remains
           for
           us
           now
           to
           speak
           of
           the
           greatest
           Prince
           of
           this
           known
           World
           ,
           formidable
           to
           all
           other
           Princes
           ,
           I
           mean
           the
           Turk
           ;
           but
           we
           cannot
           speak
           of
           him
           by
           the
           Rules
           we
           have
           laid
           down
           for
           the
           others
           ;
           for
           with
           him
           all
           Arts
           and
           Policies
           are
           vain
           :
           He
           makes
           no
           League
           with
           
           any
           ,
           neither
           has
           he
           any
           Residing
           Embassadors
           in
           any
           Court
           ,
           scorning
           to
           descend
           to
           inform
           himself
           of
           other
           Princes
           Intrigues
           :
           He
           owns
           his
           Greatness
           ,
           and
           relies
           upon
           it
           ,
           like
           the
           Elephant
           ,
           who
           by
           reason
           of
           his
           great
           strength
           ,
           is
           never
           observed
           to
           use
           Cunning
           :
           Perhaps
           it
           may
           be
           an
           Arcanum
           of
           the
           Alchoran
           ,
           to
           hinder
           his
           Subjects
           from
           contracting
           the
           Manners
           and
           Customs
           of
           other
           Nations
           ,
           and
           bringing
           them
           home
           at
           their
           return
           :
           Perhaps
           likewise
           that
           he
           is
           unwilling
           their
           Wits
           should
           be
           refin'd
           in
           Politicks
           :
           His
           is
           an
           Empire
           built
           upon
           the
           Ruin
           of
           all
           other
           Empires
           ,
           founded
           in
           force
           ,
           and
           scorning
           Titles
           and
           Claims
           of
           Justice
           .
           If
           he
           can
           acquire
           a
           Country
           ,
           he
           has
           always
           Right
           to
           it
           ;
           and
           when
           he
           has
           conquer'd
           it
           ,
           he
           assumes
           all
           the
           power
           to
           himself
           ,
           suffering
           no
           Usurpations
           where
           he
           himself
           usurps
           all
           :
           His
           Ministers
           make
           open
           profession
           of
           Ignorance
           ,
           which
           is
           propagated
           industriously
           amongst
           
           his
           people
           ,
           who
           are
           sufficiently
           learned
           ,
           if
           they
           know
           how
           to
           obey
           :
           They
           are
           told
           openly
           of
           their
           Slavery
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           expected
           they
           learn
           the
           Obligations
           of
           it
           :
           not
           but
           that
           they
           will
           dispute
           with
           Christians
           for
           their
           Emperour
           ,
           and
           alledge
           ,
           That
           he
           succeeds
           to
           all
           the
           Rights
           of
           Constantine
           ,
           whose
           City
           he
           has
           conquered
           .
           In
           his
           Religion
           the
           Prince
           is
           loose
           ,
           and
           the
           Mufti
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           High
           Priest
           ,
           tied
           up
           ,
           who
           must
           speak
           complacently
           to
           the
           Ends
           of
           the
           Government
           ,
           and
           in
           conformity
           to
           the
           Will
           of
           him
           that
           rules
           ,
           or
           pay
           his
           disobedience
           with
           his
           Life
           .
           In
           this
           Monarchy
           all
           the
           Qualities
           of
           the
           Mind
           ,
           both
           speculative
           and
           practick
           ,
           are
           despised
           and
           suspected
           ,
           which
           made
           one
           of
           their
           Emperours
           send
           back
           the
           Musicians
           sent
           him
           by
           Francis
           the
           First
           ,
           lest
           with
           their
           Harmony
           they
           should
           have
           molified
           the
           Iron
           Temper
           of
           those
           fierce
           Natures
           :
           They
           value
           strength
           of
           Body
           ,
           and
           the
           Arts
           of
           War
           ,
           in
           which
           none
           are
           
           sooner
           preferr'd
           than
           those
           who
           shew
           the
           greatest
           Fierceness
           and
           Inhumanity
           in
           their
           dispositions
           :
           They
           are
           intent
           upon
           conquering
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           in
           order
           to
           it
           they
           have
           infinite
           Numbers
           of
           Men
           ,
           and
           infinite
           Treasure
           :
           His
           yearly
           Revenue
           exceeds
           Twenty
           Millions
           of
           Crowns
           ;
           he
           inherits
           the
           Estates
           of
           all
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           whose
           Children
           can
           lay
           claim
           to
           nothing
           but
           their
           Father's
           Horse
           and
           Arms.
           In
           the
           midst
           of
           all
           these
           Riches
           his
           thirst
           of
           Gold
           still
           increases
           :
           so
           that
           often
           his
           Fury
           is
           laid
           with
           the
           Charms
           of
           that
           Metal
           :
           Out
           of
           that
           has
           been
           said
           ,
           
             'T
             is
             evident
             that
             his
             Greatness
             must
             be
             the
             Ruine
             of
             all
             other
             Powers
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             would
             be
             an
             unspeakable
             Felicity
             to
             see
             him
             lessen'd
             ;
             but
             the
             hopes
             of
             that
             are
             so
             remote
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             next
             to
             impossible
             .
          
        
         
           As
           for
           any
           Title
           upon
           the
           Territories
           of
           the
           Republick
           ,
           he
           can
           have
           none
           ;
           Inclination
           and
           Facility
           he
           has
           but
           too
           much
           ,
           designing
           the
           Ruine
           
           of
           all
           Christendom
           ;
           and
           considering
           the
           Disunion
           of
           Christians
           ,
           more
           intent
           upon
           Jealousies
           at
           home
           than
           upon
           an
           Union
           against
           a
           Foreign
           Invader
           ,
           his
           Design
           is
           not
           above
           his
           Force
           :
           He
           fears
           nothing
           but
           an
           Union
           of
           Christendom
           against
           him
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           may
           not
           be
           negligent
           in
           providing
           against
           it
           ,
           that
           cunning
           and
           wicked
           Mahomet
           has
           left
           him
           a
           Prophecy
           to
           keep
           him
           awake
           ,
           by
           which
           ,
           the
           Ruine
           of
           his
           Empire
           is
           to
           come
           from
           such
           an
           Union
           :
           The
           Turks
           never
           mention
           it
           but
           with
           Cries
           and
           Groans
           ;
           and
           the
           Government
           strives
           to
           avoid
           it
           by
           being
           invincible
           ,
           not
           considering
           ,
           that
           if
           the
           Prophecy
           be
           true
           ,
           't
           is
           unavoidable
           .
           As
           for
           the
           Republick
           ,
           he
           is
           a
           terrible
           Neighbour
           to
           them
           ,
           always
           encroaching
           ,
           and
           setting
           no
           bounds
           to
           his
           pretences
           ,
           till
           he
           has
           swallowed
           all
           .
        
         
           The
           Republick
           ,
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           cannot
           want
           a
           Title
           against
           him
           ;
           for
           what
           he
           has
           taken
           from
           them
           ,
           would
           
           make
           up
           a
           great
           Principality
           :
           
             Cyprus
             ,
             Negrepont
             ,
             Modon
             ,
             Coron
             ,
             Caramania
             ,
          
           all
           the
           
             Archipelago
             ,
             Bossina
             ,
             Scutari
             ,
             Albania
             ,
          
           part
           of
           the
           very
           Imperial
           City
           of
           Constantinople
           ,
           and
           in
           short
           ,
           half
           his
           Empire
           in
           Europe
           has
           been
           at
           several
           times
           extorted
           from
           the
           Republick
           :
           but
           to
           get
           any
           of
           this
           back
           is
           the
           difficulty
           ;
           and
           't
           will
           be
           well
           if
           he
           is
           content
           with
           what
           he
           has
           ,
           and
           that
           we
           can
           save
           what
           remains
           .
           The
           only
           good
           thing
           the
           Republick
           can
           hope
           for
           ,
           is
           ,
           that
           the
           Turk
           will
           not
           enter
           into
           League
           with
           any
           other
           against
           the
           Republick
           ,
           because
           he
           scorns
           all
           Leagues
           :
           'T
           is
           true
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           time
           of
           
             Lodovico
             Sforza
          
           ,
           Duke
           of
           Milan
           ,
           he
           was
           by
           him
           drawn
           to
           invade
           the
           Republick
           ,
           and
           before
           that
           ,
           by
           the
           Visconti
           ,
           Dukes
           of
           Milan
           ,
           likewise
           with
           promise
           to
           busie
           the
           Venetians
           in
           Italy
           ,
           by
           a
           War
           on
           his
           side
           :
           'T
           is
           said
           also
           ,
           That
           Lewis
           the
           Twelfth
           strove
           to
           draw
           him
           into
           the
           League
           of
           Cambray
           :
           But
           all
           these
           are
           rather
           
           Subornations
           than
           Leagues
           ,
           and
           spurring
           of
           a
           Horse
           that
           's
           free
           enough
           of
           his
           own
           Nature
           .
        
         
           He
           would
           easily
           unite
           with
           the
           Republick
           ,
           to
           conquer
           other
           Princes
           ;
           but
           then
           the
           Republick
           must
           reckon
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           take
           all
           to
           himself
           ,
           he
           not
           understanding
           any
           Accounts
           of
           dividing
           :
           So
           that
           it
           would
           only
           be
           a
           madness
           ,
           and
           by
           ones
           own
           Expence
           of
           Blood
           and
           Treasure
           ,
           promote
           his
           Tyrannical
           Empire
           .
           The
           Turk
           has
           often
           offered
           Succours
           to
           the
           Republick
           in
           their
           Wars
           with
           others
           ;
           but
           our
           wise
           Ancestors
           always
           disliked
           such
           a
           Protector
           ,
           but
           were
           glad
           he
           did
           not
           take
           the
           opportunity
           of
           their
           Troubles
           to
           fall
           upon
           them
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           no
           other
           Politicks
           to
           be
           used
           with
           this
           Empire
           ,
           than
           to
           profess
           Friendship
           ,
           and
           reckon
           upon
           sudden
           Enmity
           ;
           and
           therefore
           be
           always
           provided
           ,
           that
           the
           weakness
           of
           the
           State
           may
           not
           be
           an
           Invitation
           to
           him
           to
           use
           his
           Natural
           Rapacity
           ;
           
           for
           the
           Peace
           will
           be
           always
           the
           longer
           ,
           when
           the
           readiness
           for
           War
           shall
           be
           visible
           .
        
         
           In
           case
           of
           a
           Rupture
           ,
           one
           should
           try
           to
           make
           a
           diversion
           by
           the
           King
           of
           Persia
           ,
           the
           Moscovite
           and
           the
           Pole
           :
           but
           that
           will
           be
           a
           long
           uncertain
           business
           ,
           and
           of
           slow
           benefit
           ;
           to
           corrupt
           the
           Ministers
           of
           the
           Port
           in
           open
           War
           ,
           will
           be
           a
           very
           hard
           thing
           ,
           they
           will
           rather
           suffer
           a
           temptation
           in
           time
           of
           Peace
           ,
           and
           by
           that
           means
           one
           may
           penetrate
           their
           Designs
           ,
           and
           retard
           their
           Deliberations
           ,
           provided
           the
           person
           gain'd
           be
           of
           the
           Divan
           ,
           and
           particularly
           the
           
             Grand
             Vizier
          
           ,
           if
           possible
           ;
           but
           they
           often
           take
           Bribes
           ,
           and
           deceive
           one
           ;
           besides
           ,
           their
           being
           subject
           to
           continual
           Changes
           ,
           and
           those
           very
           sudden
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Emperour
           's
           Capricio
           ,
           and
           the
           Calumnies
           of
           their
           Competitors
           ,
           the
           Friendship
           of
           the
           
             Queen
             Mother
          
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Wife
           of
           the
           
             Grand
             Signior
          
           ,
           as
           also
           of
           the
           Mufti
           ,
           may
           help
           :
           But
           if
           the
           Prince
           himself
           be
           
           of
           a
           resolute
           Nature
           ,
           their
           Offices
           will
           be
           but
           weak
           :
           And
           all
           violent
           sudden
           Resolutions
           of
           War
           made
           by
           the
           Emperour
           himself
           ,
           are
           always
           welcome
           to
           the
           Janizaries
           ,
           who
           are
           the
           Soul
           of
           that
           Empire
           :
           So
           that
           ,
           as
           I
           said
           at
           first
           ,
           I
           must
           conclude
           ,
           That
           Prudence
           and
           Politicks
           can
           be
           of
           little
           use
           against
           Rage
           and
           Fury
           ,
           and
           a
           Nation
           that
           depends
           not
           upon
           Reason
           ,
           but
           upon
           Might
           .
        
         
           I
           can
           say
           nothing
           then
           but
           what
           the
           Angel
           said
           to
           
             Gideon
             ,
             Comfortare
             &
             esto
             Robustus
          
           ;
           and
           with
           this
           good
           Omen
           that
           comes
           from
           Heaven
           ,
           and
           which
           I
           offer
           with
           a
           most
           affectionate
           Mind
           ,
        
         
           I
           take
           leave
           ,
           having
           accomplish'd
           the
           Task
           was
           imposed
           upon
           me
           ,
           if
           not
           according
           to
           the
           full
           Extent
           of
           my
           Duty
           ,
           at
           least
           in
           proportion
           to
           my
           weak
           Forces
           ,
           and
           small
           Talent
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .