The benefit of the ballot, with nature and use thereof particularly in the Republick of Venice.
         Harrington, James, 1611-1677.
      
       
         
           1680
        
      
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             The benefit of the ballot, with nature and use thereof particularly in the Republick of Venice.
             Harrington, James, 1611-1677.
          
           4 p.
           
             s.n.,
             [S.l. :
             1680?]
          
           
             Reproduction of original in the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign Campus). Library.
             Caption title.
             Attributed to James Harrington. cf. NUC pre-1956.
             Item at reel 941:7 identified as H828 (number cancelled in Wing 2nd ed.).
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Voting -- Early works to 1800.
           Venice (Italy) -- Politics and government -- 1508-1797.
        
      
    
     
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           THE
           BENEFIT
           OF
           THE
           BALLOT
           :
           WITH
           
             The
             Nature
             and
             Use
             thereof
          
           :
           Particularly
           in
           the
           Republick
           of
           VENICE
           .
        
         
           THe
           Use
           or
           Practice
           of
           the
           Ballot
           hath
           been
           very
           Ancient
           in
           the
           Eastern
           Countries
           ;
           And
           Postellus
           conceiveth
           ,
           that
           the
           Venetian
           use
           of
           the
           Ball
           ,
           is
           the
           same
           with
           that
           ,
           which
           was
           of
           the
           Lot
           in
           the
           Commonwealth
           of
           Israel
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Bean
           in
           
             Atthens
             Cicero
          
           himself
           doth
           give
           a
           very
           good
           account
           ,
           and
           a
           very
           great
           Encomium
           of
           the
           Table
           or
           Ballot
           of
           the
           People
           of
           Rome
           ;
           And
           certainly
           Rome
           nor
           Carthage
           had
           ever
           attain'd
           to
           their
           Grandeur
           and
           Reputation
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           had
           it
           not
           been
           for
           the
           Ballot
           .
           By
           this
           only
           Art
           (
           we
           had
           almost
           said
           )
           the
           Commonwealth
           of
           Venice
           hath
           preserv'd
           it self
           against
           the
           most
           potent
           enemies
           for
           these
           1300
           Years
           ;
           and
           it
           hath
           flourished
           in
           the
           greatest
           splendour
           of
           any
           State
           in
           Europe
           .
        
         
           Where
           the
           Ballotting
           is
           us'd
           ,
           those
           States
           are
           most
           free
           from
           all
           Factions
           and
           Rebellions
           .
        
         
           There
           ,
           Persons
           of
           the
           most
           accomplisht
           Parts
           are
           advanc'd
           for
           their
           Integrity
           and
           Worth.
           
        
         
           There
           ,
           Virtue
           is
           as
           speedy
           a
           Ladder
           to
           climbe
           unto
           Honour
           ,
           as
           Nobility
           of
           Birth
           ;
           and
           a
           good
           Man
           is
           as
           much
           respected
           as
           a
           great
           .
        
         
           Every
           one
           giveth
           his
           Election
           and
           Vote
           freely
           ,
           and
           that
           without
           the
           fear
           of
           Great-ones
           ,
           or
           Favour
           to
           Freinds
           ;
           But
           according
           to
           the
           Value
           and
           Worth
           of
           the
           Persons
           ,
           do
           they
           give
           their
           Suffrages
           ;
           and
           for
           those
           who
           are
           of
           the
           most
           Noble
           Spirits
           :
           Not
           for
           persons
           designing
           their
           own
           private
           Interest
           ,
           to
           the
           impoverishing
           of
           the
           Publick
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           not
           a
           place
           for
           Pensioners
           ,
           who
           are
           the
           Burs
           of
           a
           Nation
           ,
           and
           the
           Suckers
           ,
           which
           hinder
           the
           growth
           of
           any
           State.
           
        
         
           They
           are
           very
           just
           in
           their
           Rewards
           and
           Punishments
           ;
           which
           rightly
           laid
           ,
           do
           ballance
           Government
           .
        
         
           By
           these
           means
           their
           Councellors
           are
           of
           great
           Honour
           ,
           and
           Wisdom
           ;
           For
           mean
           Men
           make
           it
           their
           Master-piece
           of
           Credit
           ,
           to
           give
           venturous
           Councils
           ,
           which
           no
           great
           or
           wise
           man
           would
           or
           durst
           :
           And
           Princes
           usually
           find
           Instruments
           more
           for
           their
           Will
           and
           Humour
           ,
           then
           for
           their
           Service
           and
           Honour
           ;
           which
           never
           can
           be
           so
           in
           this
           State
           :
           For
           they
           ever
           prefer
           safe
           Councils
           with
           Reason
           ,
           before
           rash
           ,
           which
           only
           Chance
           can
           make
           prosperous
           .
        
         
         
           Their
           management
           of
           their
           Treasure
           is
           prudent
           ,
           and
           their
           Officers
           frugal
           in
           the
           disposal
           of
           it
           ;
           Knowing
           well
           ,
           that
           good
           husbandry
           may
           stand
           with
           great
           Honour
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           Breadth
           with
           Height
           ;
           And
           certainly
           nothing
           doth
           consume
           it self
           like
           Prodigality
           ;
           (
           which
           some
           by
           mistake
           call
           Liberty
           ;
           )
           For
           if
           it
           be
           long
           us'd
           ,
           it
           takes
           away
           the
           means
           to
           continue
           it
           ,
           and
           consequently
           it
           does
           make
           a
           State
           poor
           ;
           or
           else
           to
           avoid
           poverty
           ,
           it
           's
           often
           enforc'd
           to
           oppression
           ,
           and
           thereby
           becomes
           odious
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           necessary
           (
           like
           Venice
           ,
           )
           for
           every
           State
           to
           have
           a
           full
           Treasure
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           but
           for
           the
           keeping
           up
           of
           its
           Reputation
           abroad
           ;
           For
           the
           power
           of
           a
           State
           is
           valued
           according
           to
           the
           fulness
           of
           its
           Purse
           ,
           rather
           than
           the
           largeness
           of
           its
           Teritories
           .
        
         
           The
           Officers
           in
           that
           State
           are
           but
           few
           ;
           and
           they
           make
           choice
           of
           such
           as
           are
           knowing
           :
           For
           ,
           being
           rich
           ,
           they
           need
           not
           abuse
           the
           State
           themselves
           ;
           and
           ,
           being
           knowing
           ,
           they
           will
           not
           suffer
           others
           do
           do
           it
           .
        
         
           But
           in
           some
           Monarchies
           ,
           where
           there
           are
           such
           multitudes
           of
           Officers
           ,
           (
           which
           is
           a
           great
           calamity
           )
           they
           serve
           for
           nothing
           ,
           but
           to
           rifle
           the
           Princes
           Purse
           ;
           and
           the
           fuller
           they
           fill
           their
           Coffers
           ,
           the
           more
           facile
           is
           their
           Justification
           ,
           when
           question'd
           .
        
         
           Neither
           are
           they
           for
           making
           of
           Parties
           ,
           or
           for
           Debaucheries
           in
           Elections
           ;
           as
           it
           is
           observ'd
           (
           to
           our
           great
           grief
           )
           in
           some
           other
           places
           .
        
         
           There
           are
           no
           Tumults
           or
           noise
           at
           their
           Votes
           or
           Suffrages
           ,
           which
           in
           some
           places
           are
           so
           great
           ,
           that
           Strangers
           (
           hearing
           the
           shouts
           and
           noise
           they
           make
           ,
           )
           have
           conceiv'd
           themselves
           to
           be
           at
           Ephesus
           .
        
         
           That
           State
           that
           useth
           it
           ,
           must
           needs
           have
           the
           greatest
           advantages
           against
           others
           which
           use
           it
           not
           :
           Neither
           is
           it
           possible
           to
           be
           destroy'd
           but
           by
           another
           State
           ,
           which
           useth
           the
           ●ame
           .
        
         
           Carthage
           had
           never
           been
           subdu'd
           by
           the
           Romans
           ,
           but
           that
           the
           Romans
           us'd
           the
           Ballot
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           they
           themselves
           ;
           And
           that
           makes
           us
           often
           to
           think
           ,
           that
           Venice
           preserving
           her
           ancient
           Rules
           and
           Methods
           of
           Balloting
           ,
           must
           be
           immortal
           .
        
         
           Let
           us
           consider
           ,
           that
           Anno
           1508.
           when
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           and
           most
           of
           the
           Kings
           and
           Princes
           of
           Europe
           entred
           into
           a
           League
           against
           Her
           ,
           (
           by
           this
           one
           practice
           )
           how
           prudently
           she
           behav'd
           her self
           against
           them
           all
           .
        
         
           We
           need
           not
           instance
           the
           prudent
           conduct
           ,
           and
           the
           management
           of
           their
           Affairs
           against
           the
           most
           formi●●●ble
           power
           of
           the
           Sultan
           ,
           which
           would
           have
           been
           a
           terrour
           ,
           if
           not
           a
           Confusion
           ,
           to
           the
           greatest
           Princes
           of
           Europe
           ;
           if
           we
           consider
           the
           Ottoman
           power
           ,
           and
           the
           continuance
           of
           those
           Wars
           ;
           And
           we
           are
           apt
           to
           conceive
           ,
           that
           by
           this
           Art
           they
           have
           done
           more
           severe
           execution
           ,
           and
           given
           the
           greater
           disturbance
           to
           the
           Ottoman
           Forces
           ,
           than
           all
           the
           Princes
           of
           Europe
           (
           tho
           all
           conspir'd
           against
           them
           )
           during
           the
           Holy
           War
           ;
           For
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           Divisions
           ,
           Piques
           and
           animosities
           among
           themselves
           (
           which
           by
           the
           Ballot
           would
           easily
           have
           been
           prevented
           )
           they
           never
           effected
           any
           Action
           of
           Grandieur
           ;
           or
           gain'd
           any
           place
           but
           to
           lose
           again
           .
        
         
           Whether
           the
           Ballot
           be
           so
           practicable
           in
           a
           Monarchy
           ,
           where
           all
           great
           Offices
           and
           Honours
           are
           at
           the
           disposal
           of
           a
           Prince
           ,
           and
           by
           Him
           conferred
           as
           a
           reward
           of
           Services
           ;
           We
           must
           submit
           that
           to
           their
           pleasures
           .
        
         
           But
           certainly
           to
           that
           State
           wherein
           it
           is
           entertain'd
           ,
           the
           advantages
           which
           thereby
           accrew
           ,
           must
           needs
           be
           very
           great
           ;
           and
           would
           be
           the
           best
           expedient
           to
           establish
           Monarchy
           for
           ever
           :
           For
           Monarchy
           can
           never
           be
           destroy'd
           ,
           but
           by
           Factions
           and
           Divisions
           ,
           which
           can
           never
           happen
           in
           that
           State
           where
           the
           Ballot
           is
           used
           .
        
         
           Galgee
           the
           King
           of
           Mindao
           ,
           a
           Prince
           who
           had
           many
           Kingdoms
           and
           great
           Dominions
           ,
           being
           in
           a
           War
           ;
           and
           for
           the
           better
           carrying
           on
           of
           the
           same
           ,
           assembled
           his
           Grand
           Conciliado
           ,
           or
           
             Convention
             of
             States
          
           ,
           (
           for
           without
           them
           no
           Money
           could
           be
           rais'd
           ,
           )
           which
           consisted
           of
           Magnifico's
           and
           Populo's
           ;
           (
           as
           with
           us
           in
           England
           ,
           )
           that
           is
           ,
           of
           Lords
           and
           Commons
           .
           They
           being
           assembled
           ,
           granted
           many
           Royal
           Aids
           to
           the
           King
           ;
           But
           being
           continued
           together
           over
           long
           ,
           they
           fell
           into
           Parties
           ,
           (
           as
           great
           Bodies
           are
           very
           apt
           to
           do
           .
           )
           Some
           accusing
           the
           most
           eminent
           Ministers
           of
           State
           for
           their
           ill
           Councel
           ,
           and
           male
           administration
           of
           publick
           Affairs
           ;
           Others
           opposing
           the
           granting
           of
           any
           further
           Aid
           ,
           affirming
           that
           Taxes
           and
           Impositions
           ought
           to
           be
           in
           the
           State
           ,
           as
           Sails
           in
           a
           Ship
           ,
           not
           to
           charge
           and
           over-lade
           it
           ,
           but
           to
           conduct
           and
           assure
           it
           .
        
         
           The
           King
           finding
           so
           many
           of
           them
           to
           be
           Troublesom
           ,
           the
           better
           to
           obtain
           his
           own
           ends
           ,
           took
           them
           off
           by
           Honours
           ,
           Preferments
           and
           Pensions
           ;
           But
           thereby
           the
           King
           became
           Indigent
           ,
           the
           Subjects
           miserably
           poor
           ,
           and
           the
           great
           Council
           (
           which
           ever
           us'd
           to
           be
           a
           Medicine
           to
           heal
           up
           any
           Rupture
           in
           a
           Princes
           Fortune
           ,
           )
           were
           grown
           worse
           than
           the
           Malady
           ,
           broken
           into
           Parties
           ,
           because
           others
           were
           prefer'd
           in
           Honours
           before
           them
           ,
           who
           ,
           (
           as
           they
           conceiv'd
           )
           were
           much
           inferior
           to
           themselves
           in
           Merit
           ;
           and
           commonly
           the
           People
           cannot
           endure
           excessive
           Fortune
           any
           where
           so
           ill
           ,
           as
           in
           those
           who
           have
           been
           in
           equal
           Degree
           to
           them
           ;
           and
           nothing
           begets
           more
           disdain
           ,
           then
           to
           see
           others
           go
           before
           them
           in
           the
           Princes
           Favour
           ,
           who
           come
           behind
           them
           in
           Virtue
           and
           Worth.
           
        
         
         
           The
           Kingdom
           being
           in
           this
           Distemper
           ,
           and
           the
           King
           incircled
           in
           so
           many
           Infelicities
           ;
           Vanly
           ,
           a
           Persian
           ,
           an
           excellent
           Person
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           friend
           to
           Galgee
           ,
           advis'd
           him
           not
           to
           Dissolve
           his
           great
           Council
           ,
           (
           for
           in
           that
           Juncture
           it
           might
           hazard
           his
           Dominions
           ,
           and
           prove
           fatal
           to
           him
           ,
           it
           being
           the
           great
           Idol
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           )
           but
           to
           continue
           them
           during
           his
           Life
           ;
           And
           the
           better
           to
           reconcile
           all
           Interests
           ,
           to
           cause
           30
           to
           be
           chosen
           out
           of
           the
           Conciliado
           to
           be
           of
           his
           
             Council
             Di
             Stado
          
           ,
           (
           or
           
             Privy
             Council
          
           as
           we
           call
           it
           ;
           )
           whereof
           15
           to
           be
           Lords
           ,
           and
           15
           to
           be
           Commons
           ;
           and
           all
           those
           to
           be
           Elected
           by
           themselves
           by
           the
           Ballot
           ,
           out
           of
           the
           most
           Virtuous
           and
           publick
           Spirited
           persons
           amongst
           them
           :
           And
           every
           Year
           10
           of
           those
           to
           be
           remov'd
           out
           of
           the
           
             Council
             Di
             Stado
          
           ,
           and
           to
           return
           to
           the
           Conciliado
           or
           
             Great
             Council
          
           ;
           and
           by
           the
           Ballot
           to
           make
           choice
           of
           other
           10
           of
           the
           most
           Eminent
           amongst
           them
           for
           Integrity
           and
           Parts
           .
        
         
           King
           Galgee
           gave
           an
           exact
           observance
           to
           his
           sober
           Council
           ,
           and
           by
           these
           means
           he
           united
           all
           Parties
           in
           his
           Council
           ;
           and
           there
           was
           such
           a
           due
           administration
           of
           Justice
           in
           his
           Dominions
           ,
           and
           such
           virtuous
           Persons
           were
           chosen
           for
           the
           management
           of
           Publick
           Affairs
           ,
           that
           in
           a
           short
           time
           King
           Galgee
           became
           so
           potent
           ,
           and
           belov'd
           of
           his
           People
           ,
           (
           for
           that
           Prince
           ,
           who
           will
           gain
           their
           affections
           ,
           must
           give
           them
           ease
           and
           plenty
           ,
           )
           that
           when
           Badurius
           ,
           King
           of
           C●mbaia
           ,
           invaded
           Mindao
           with
           an
           Army
           of
           150000
           Horse
           ,
           and
           500000
           Foot
           ;
           that
           Prince
           ,
           by
           the
           assistance
           of
           his
           own
           Subjects
           ,
           and
           of
           some
           mercenary
           Persians
           ,
           and
           Zagathay
           ,
           defeated
           and
           destroy'd
           that
           great
           Army
           .
        
         
           Certainly
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           great
           wisdom
           in
           Vanly
           to
           give
           this
           Council
           ,
           so
           it
           was
           great
           prudence
           in
           King
           Galgee
           to
           follow
           it
           ;
           for
           the
           great
           Council
           consisting
           (
           or
           at
           least
           presum'd
           to
           consist
           )
           of
           the
           most
           wise
           ,
           and
           sufficient
           Persons
           ,
           of
           all
           his
           Dominions
           :
           the
           Privy
           Council
           ,
           and
           others
           ,
           the
           great
           Officers
           of
           State
           ,
           being
           ,
           by
           the
           Ballot
           ,
           chosen
           out
           of
           the
           most
           eminent
           of
           them
           for
           Parts
           ,
           and
           Integrity
           ,
           there
           must
           needs
           be
           a
           rare
           felicity
           of
           Government
           .
        
         
           There
           could
           be
           no
           complaints
           of
           the
           male-administration
           of
           the
           Ministers
           of
           State
           ,
           (
           which
           usually
           makes
           the
           greatest
           noise
           )
           they
           being
           virtuous
           and
           wise
           ,
           and
           chosen
           out
           of
           the
           Ballot
           by
           themselves
           ;
           neither
           were
           they
           ,
           who
           were
           advanc'd
           to
           honour
           ,
           envied
           (
           which
           is
           ever
           an
           Attendant
           upon
           Greatness
           )
           by
           any
           of
           the
           Conciliado
           ;
           because
           they
           themselves
           ,
           in
           time
           ,
           might
           attain
           to
           that
           dignity
           ,
           if
           their
           wisdom
           and
           integrity
           should
           in
           worthy
           them
           .
        
         
           Which
           was
           a
           rare
           happiness
           ;
           for
           great
           men
           may
           secure
           themselves
           from
           guilt
           ,
           but
           not
           from
           envy
           :
           And
           we
           have
           observ'd
           ,
           that
           the
           greatest
           in
           trust
           of
           Publick
           Affairs
           ,
           are
           ever
           shot
           at
           by
           the
           aspirings
           of
           those
           ,
           who
           deem
           themselves
           less
           in
           imployment
           ,
           than
           they
           are
           in
           merit
           .
        
         
           Therefore
           it
           highly
           concerns
           great
           Ministers
           of
           State
           ,
           to
           keep
           Sentinel
           ;
           for
           every
           step
           they
           tread
           is
           pav'd
           with
           Fate
           ,
           and
           every
           misfortune
           of
           theirs
           commonly
           procures
           them
           as
           much
           dishonour
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           had
           been
           perfidious
           in
           their
           practice
           ,
           and
           their
           unhappiness
           is
           deem'd
           for
           a
           crime
           .
        
         
           Therefore
           let
           those
           ,
           who
           are
           rais'd
           to
           the
           height
           of
           their
           greatness
           ,
           consider
           ,
           that
           Princes
           Favours
           are
           always
           perillous
           ;
           and
           that
           it
           's
           a
           difficult
           thing
           to
           stand
           long
           firm
           upon
           Ice
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Fall
           (
           how
           gentle
           soever
           )
           will
           never
           suffer
           them
           again
           to
           rise
           .
        
         
           But
           King
           Galgee
           ,
           by
           his
           prudent
           Government
           ,
           had
           a
           peculiar
           felicity
           in
           his
           Reign
           ,
           and
           establish'd
           his
           Dominions
           upon
           the
           Center
           of
           a
           flourishing
           happiness
           ;
           yet
           we
           cannot
           but
           observe
           one
           great
           Soloecism
           in
           point
           of
           State
           ,
           in
           King
           
           Galgee's
           rewarding
           so
           many
           persons
           ,
           for
           being
           troublesome
           unto
           him
           ;
           for
           that
           Prince
           ,
           who
           does
           practise
           it
           ,
           shall
           find
           ,
           that
           no
           sooner
           he
           takes
           off
           one
           ,
           but
           presently
           another
           gets
           up
           ;
           and
           it
           will
           animate
           others
           to
           do
           so
           ,
           when
           they
           find
           such
           encouragement
           for
           being
           troublesome
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           ,
           if
           the
           Prince
           be
           notable
           to
           gratifie
           all
           ,
           (
           which
           is
           impossible
           for
           him
           to
           do
           )
           it
           may
           turn
           to
           the
           dissolution
           of
           the
           Government
           .
        
         
           But
           certainly
           King
           Galgee
           could
           have
           no
           kindness
           for
           those
           persons
           ,
           he
           had
           so
           advanc'd
           ,
           (
           Preferment
           being
           the
           reward
           of
           Virtue
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           gratifie
           disquiet
           Spirits
           )
           and
           the
           People
           ,
           who
           are
           ever
           jealous
           of
           their
           Rights
           ,
           must
           look
           upon
           them
           ,
           as
           betrayers
           of
           their
           Liberties
           ;
           and
           the
           end
           of
           such
           persons
           (
           if
           one
           well
           observe
           it
           )
           is
           commonly
           very
           miserable
           :
           And
           the
           Subjects
           never
           so
           much
           repine
           at
           their
           Contributions
           ,
           as
           when
           they
           observe
           them
           to
           be
           the
           rewards
           of
           persons
           ,
           to
           whom
           Fortune
           ,
           not
           Merit
           ,
           gives
           a
           growth
           .
        
         
           It
           was
           a
           Remark
           of
           Henry
           the
           Fourth
           of
           France
           ,
           that
           such
           persons
           ,
           who
           made
           the
           greatest
           noise
           in
           the
           Parliament
           of
           Paris
           ,
           were
           men
           of
           the
           least
           sufficiency
           ;
           but
           they
           had
           soft
           tongues
           ,
           and
           hard
           faces
           ,
           they
           did
           not
           vent
           their
           own
           conceits
           ,
           but
           the
           projections
           and
           designs
           of
           others
           ;
           and
           they
           were
           like
           hollow
           singing
           Bullets
           ,
           which
           usually
           flew
           but
           half
           way
           to
           the
           Mark
           ;
           whereas
           the
           Designer
           doth
           execution
           ,
           but
           makes
           no
           report
           .
        
         
           It
           was
           afterwards
           observ'd
           ,
           that
           the
           Successors
           of
           this
           great
           Galgee
           ,
           not
           imitating
           his
           excellent
           Arts
           of
           Government
           ,
           and
           neglecting
           the
           choice
           of
           the
           great
           Ministers
           of
           State
           by
           the
           Ballot
           ;
           by
           reason
           whereof
           men
           of
           no
           sufficiency
           were
           promoted
           to
           the
           highest
           Offices
           of
           State
           ,
           which
           gave
           discouragement
           to
           others
           of
           more
           desert
           ;
           and
           ,
           by
           their
           male-administration
           ,
           discontent
           to
           all
           :
           
           Thereby
           their
           Countrey
           in
           a
           short
           time
           ,
           was
           overcome
           by
           Merhamed
           the
           
             Mogul
             Tartar.
          
           Whereas
           if
           they
           had
           observ'd
           the
           prudentials
           of
           Galgee
           ,
           and
           us'd
           the
           Ballot
           ,
           (
           which
           had
           been
           a
           Wall
           of
           Steel
           to
           them
           )
           they
           had
           been
           invincible
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           no
           Government
           but
           this
           of
           the
           Ballot
           may
           suit
           with
           ,
           if
           the
           Prince
           ,
           and
           his
           great
           Council
           ,
           please
           to
           make
           a
           Law
           for
           the
           practice
           of
           it
           ;
           neither
           is
           it
           any
           diminution
           to
           the
           Prince's
           Dignity
           ,
           to
           depart
           with
           the
           conferring
           of
           Offices
           ;
           when
           ,
           by
           the
           use
           of
           the
           Ballot
           ,
           all
           things
           will
           multiply
           to
           Honour
           ,
           and
           the
           aggrandizing
           of
           his
           Name
           .
        
         
           For
           many
           times
           it
           's
           as
           fatal
           to
           a
           Prince
           to
           have
           bad
           Officers
           under
           him
           ,
           as
           for
           himself
           not
           to
           be
           good
           .
        
         
           The
           Revolt
           ,
           which
           was
           made
           from
           Richard
           the
           Second
           ,
           was
           more
           for
           the
           displeasure
           taken
           against
           Sir
           
             John
             Bushy
          
           ,
           Sir
           
             William
             Bagot
          
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             Henry
             Green
          
           ,
           &c.
           who
           manag'd
           the
           publick
           Offices
           under
           him
           ,
           than
           against
           the
           King
           himself
           .
        
         
           For
           Princes
           ,
           in
           the
           Elections
           of
           their
           Officers
           ,
           do
           more
           respect
           their
           particular
           affections
           ,
           and
           to
           serve
           their
           turns
           ,
           than
           the
           sufficiency
           of
           the
           persons
           elected
           ;
           and
           more
           Kingdoms
           and
           Dominions
           have
           been
           overthrown
           by
           the
           ill
           management
           of
           Officers
           ,
           than
           by
           the
           severity
           of
           the
           greatest
           Tyrants
           ;
           and
           the
           Investiture
           of
           the
           meanest
           persons
           to
           great
           Commands
           ,
           hath
           often
           prov'd
           fatal
           to
           the
           greatest
           undertakings
           .
        
         
           An
           Instance
           whereof
           is
           that
           of
           James
           the
           Fifth
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           who
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1542.
           invaded
           England
           with
           an
           Army
           of
           60000
           Horse
           and
           Foot
           ;
           and
           was
           met
           with
           the
           Lord
           Wharton
           ,
           then
           Warden
           of
           the
           North-West
           Marches
           ;
           the
           Battel
           being
           ready
           to
           joyn
           ,
           one
           Sir
           
             Oliver
             Synclere
          
           ,
           (
           the
           Scottish
           King's
           Minion
           ,
           but
           of
           no
           great
           Extraction
           ,
           or
           Skill
           in
           Martial
           Affairs
           ,
           )
           was
           by
           the
           King's
           Order
           proclaim'd
           General
           ;
           which
           the
           Scottish
           Nobility
           took
           in
           such
           indignation
           ,
           that
           they
           threw
           down
           their
           Arms
           ,
           and
           suffer'd
           themselves
           to
           be
           taken
           Prisoners
           ;
           there
           being
           not
           one
           man
           slain
           on
           either
           side
           :
           Whereas
           if
           they
           had
           made
           choice
           of
           a
           Captain-General
           themselves
           by
           the
           Ballot
           ,
           one
           ,
           who
           had
           good
           skill
           in
           Martial
           Affairs
           ,
           and
           whom
           they
           would
           willingly
           have
           follow'd
           ;
           what
           Actions
           of
           Grandeur
           they
           might
           have
           effected
           ,
           we
           leave
           it
           to
           the
           judicious
           to
           consider
           .
        
         
           The
           Practice
           ,
           and
           Method
           ,
           which
           the
           State
           of
           Venice
           useth
           in
           their
           Elections
           by
           the
           Ball
           ,
           may
           be
           read
           at
           large
           in
           
             Contarini
             ,
             Gianotti
          
           ,
           and
           Sansovinus
           ;
           but
           in
           case
           these
           Authors
           be
           wanting
           ,
           Mr.
           John
           Ray's
           Observations
           ,
           printed
           Anno
           1673.
           will
           fully
           inform
           you
           ,
           who
           hath
           (
           folio
           157.
           )
           exactly
           collected
           out
           of
           the
           said
           Authors
           ,
           all
           the
           Observables
           in
           their
           Elections
           ;
           which
           would
           be
           over-tedious
           to
           express
           here
           ,
           the
           same
           having
           been
           perform'd
           so
           particularly
           ,
           and
           excellently
           ,
           by
           that
           learned
           Gentleman
           .
        
         
           We
           will
           here
           set
           down
           ,
           in
           a
           few
           lines
           ,
           somewhat
           of
           the
           Practick
           Part
           (
           for
           it
           is
           us'd
           in
           some
           Cases
           with
           more
           nicety
           ,
           than
           in
           others
           )
           in
           great
           Councils
           of
           State
           ;
           we
           will
           mention
           the
           most
           facile
           here
           .
        
         
           The
           Electors
           being
           assembled
           in
           some
           convenient
           Place
           ,
           (
           as
           a
           great
           Hall
           ,
           &c.
           )
           the
           doors
           are
           shut
           up
           ,
           and
           the
           Prime
           Officers
           ,
           who
           assemble
           ,
           or
           call
           together
           the
           Electors
           ,
           keep
           the
           Keys
           till
           the
           Election
           be
           over
           .
        
         
           The
           Syndick
           ,
           or
           chief
           Officer
           for
           that
           purpose
           ,
           takes
           the
           
           Ballot-Box
           ,
           and
           opens
           it
           in
           the
           view
           of
           all
           the
           Company
           ,
           to
           see
           that
           it
           is
           empty
           ,
           and
           without
           secret
           Conveyances
           ;
           then
           placeth
           it
           on
           a
           Table
           for
           that
           purpose
           ,
           at
           one
           end
           of
           the
           Room
           ,
           and
           calls
           such
           of
           the
           Company
           as
           he
           thinks
           may
           make
           most
           dispatch
           ;
           gives
           to
           each
           a
           Ball
           in
           the
           fight
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           a
           little
           Ball
           made
           of
           fine
           Linnen
           ,
           as
           at
           *
           Venice
           ;
           he
           puts
           into
           the
           Box
           ,
           either
           the
           Affirmative
           ,
           or
           Negative
           ,
           and
           so
           departs
           to
           one
           side
           from
           the
           rest
           ;
           and
           then
           he
           calls
           the
           next
           ,
           and
           does
           the
           like
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           so
           of
           the
           rest
           ,
           till
           all
           are
           call'd
           ;
           all
           ,
           who
           have
           voted
           ,
           stand
           apart
           by
           themselves
           .
        
         
           The
           Box
           is
           somewhat
           long
           ,
           and
           hath
           a
           partition
           in
           the
           midst
           ,
           the
           which
           hath
           two
           holes
           to
           drop
           the
           Balls
           in
           ,
           which
           are
           Taper-wise
           ,
           broader
           at
           the
           top
           ,
           and
           narrower
           at
           the
           bottom
           ;
           the
           right-hand
           hole
           is
           for
           the
           *
           Affirmative
           ,
           and
           the
           left
           for
           the
           Negative
           .
        
         
           And
           ,
           because
           that
           no
           man
           shall
           know
           on
           which
           side
           a
           man
           puts
           his
           Ball
           ,
           (
           who
           is
           giving
           his
           Vote
           )
           there
           is
           a
           place
           roundish
           made
           in
           the
           Box
           ,
           to
           put
           in
           the
           Hand
           and
           Arm
           ,
           almost
           half
           way
           to
           the
           Elbow
           ,
           so
           as
           the
           Hand
           being
           in
           ,
           the
           Party
           may
           let
           his
           Ball
           drop
           as
           he
           pleaseth
           .
        
         
           When
           all
           have
           done
           Ballotting
           ,
           the
           Box
           is
           open'd
           ,
           and
           what
           is
           in
           the
           Affirmative
           noted
           down
           .
        
         
           Then
           the
           next
           Competitor
           is
           Ballotted
           for
           ,
           as
           the
           former
           ,
           and
           so
           of
           the
           rest
           ;
           and
           he
           who
           hath
           most
           Votes
           in
           the
           Affirmative
           ,
           is
           elected
           .
        
         
           All
           very
           easily
           perform'd
           in
           a
           short
           time
           ,
           without
           noise
           ,
           without
           tumult
           ,
           without
           animofities
           ,
           and
           the
           most
           deserving
           always
           is
           elected
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
         
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A70329-e10
           
             *
             In
             some
             Places
             they
             use
             Beans
             .
          
           
             *
             They
             may
             also
             be
             distinguished
             by
             the
             Colours
             ,
             black
             and
             white
             .