A briefe and true relation of the discouerie of the north part of Virginia being a most pleasant, fruitfull and commodious soile: made this present yeere 1602, by Captaine Bartholomew Gosnold, Captaine Bartholowmew [sic] Gilbert, and diuers other gentlemen their associats, by the permission of the honourable knight, Sir Walter Ralegh, &c. Written by M. Iohn Brereton one of the voyage. Whereunto is annexed a treatise, of M. Edward Hayes, conteining important inducements for the planting in those parts, and finding a passage that way to the South sea, and China.
         Brereton, John, 1572-ca. 1619.
      
       
         
           1602
        
      
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             A briefe and true relation of the discouerie of the north part of Virginia being a most pleasant, fruitfull and commodious soile: made this present yeere 1602, by Captaine Bartholomew Gosnold, Captaine Bartholowmew [sic] Gilbert, and diuers other gentlemen their associats, by the permission of the honourable knight, Sir Walter Ralegh, &c. Written by M. Iohn Brereton one of the voyage. Whereunto is annexed a treatise, of M. Edward Hayes, conteining important inducements for the planting in those parts, and finding a passage that way to the South sea, and China.
             Brereton, John, 1572-ca. 1619.
             Hayes, Edward, fl. 1602.
          
           
             With diuers instructions of speciall moment newly added in this second impression.
          
           48 p.
           
             [Printed at Eliot's Court Press] impensis Geor. Bishop,
             Londini :
             1602.
          
           
             Identification of printer from STC.
             Reproduction of the original in: University of Michigan. Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Gosnold, Bartholomew, d. 1607.
           Gilbert, Bartholomew.
           Virginia -- Description and travel -- Early works to 1800.
           America -- Discovery and exploration -- English -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           A
           Briefe
           and
           true
           Relation
           of
           the
           Discouerie
           of
           the
           North
           part
           of
           Virginia
           ;
           being
           a
           most
           pleasant
           ,
           fruitfull
           and
           commodious
           soile
           :
           Made
           this
           present
           yeere
           1602
           ,
           by
           Captaine
           
             Bartholomew
             Gosnold
          
           ,
           Captaine
           
             Bartholowmew
             Gilbert
          
           ,
           and
           diuers
           other
           gentlemen
           their
           associats
           ,
           by
           the
           permission
           of
           the
           honourable
           knight
           ,
           Sir
           WALTER
           RALEGH
           ,
           &c.
           
           Written
           by
           M.
           
             Iohn
             Brereton
          
           one
           of
           the
           voyage
           .
           Whereunto
           is
           annexed
           a
           Treatise
           ,
           of
           M.
           
             Edward
             Hayes
          
           ,
           conteining
           important
           inducements
           for
           the
           planting
           in
           those
           parts
           ,
           and
           finding
           a
           passage
           that
           way
           to
           the
           South
           sea
           ,
           and
           China
           .
           With
           diuers
           instructions
           of
           speciall
           moment
           newly
           added
           in
           this
           second
           impression
           .
        
         
           LONDINI
           ,
           Impensis
           Geor.
           Bishop
           .
           1602.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           To
           the
           honourable
           ,
           Sir
           WALTER
           RALEGH
           ,
           Knight
           ,
           Captaine
           of
           her
           Maiesties
           Guards
           ,
           Lord
           Warden
           of
           the
           Stanneries
           ,
           Lieutenant
           of
           Cornwall
           ,
           and
           Gouernour
           of
           the
           Isle
           of
           Iersey
           .
        
         
           
             HOnourable
             sir
             ,
          
        
         
           being
           earnestly
           requested
           by
           a
           déere
           friend
           ,
           to
           put
           downe
           in
           writing
           ,
           some
           true
           relation
           of
           our
           late
           performed
           voyage
           to
           the
           North
           parts
           of
           Virginia
           ;
           at
           length
           I
           resolued
           to
           satisfie
           his
           request
           ,
           who
           also
           emboldened
           me
           to
           direct
           the
           same
           to
           your
           honourable
           consideration
           ;
           to
           whom
           indéed
           of
           duetie
           it
           perteineth
           .
        
         
           May
           it
           please
           your
           Lordship
           therefore
           to
           vnderstand
           ,
           that
           vpon
           the
           sixe
           and
           twentieth
           of
           March
           1602
           ,
           being
           Friday
           ,
           we
           went
           from
           Falmouth
           ,
           being
           in
           all
           ,
           two
           &
           thirtie
           persons
           ,
           in
           a
           small
           barke
           of
           Dartmouth
           ,
           called
           The
           Concord
           ,
           holding
           a
           course
           for
           the
           North
           part
           of
           Virginia
           :
           and
           although
           by
           chance
           the
           winde
           fauoured
           vs
           not
           at
           first
           as
           we
           wished
           ,
           but
           inforced
           vs
           so
           farre
           to
           the
           Southward
           ,
           
           as
           we
           fell
           with
           
             S.
             Marie
          
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           islands
           of
           the
           Açores
           (
           which
           was
           not
           much
           out
           of
           our
           way
           )
           but
           holding
           our
           course
           directly
           from
           thence
           ,
           we
           made
           our
           iourney
           shorter
           (
           than
           hitherto
           accustomed
           )
           by
           the
           better
           part
           of
           a
           thousand
           leagues
           ,
           yet
           were
           wée
           longer
           in
           our
           passage
           than
           we
           expected
           ;
           which
           happened
           ,
           for
           that
           our
           barke
           being
           weake
           ,
           we
           were
           loth
           to
           presse
           her
           with
           much
           saile
           ;
           also
           ,
           our
           sailers
           being
           few
           ,
           and
           they
           none
           of
           the
           best
           ,
           we
           bare
           (
           except
           in
           faire
           weather
           )
           but
           low
           saile
           ;
           besides
           ,
           our
           going
           vpon
           an
           vnknowen
           coast
           ,
           made
           vs
           not
           ouer-bolde
           to
           
           stand
           in
           with
           the
           shore
           ,
           but
           in
           open
           weather
           ;
           which
           caused
           vs
           to
           be
           certeine
           daies
           in
           sounding
           ,
           before
           we
           discouered
           the
           coast
           ,
           the
           weather
           being
           by
           chance
           ,
           somewhat
           foggie
           .
           But
           on
           Friday
           the
           fourtéenth
           of
           May
           ,
           
           early
           in
           the
           morning
           ,
           wée
           made
           the
           land
           ,
           being
           full
           of
           faire
           trées
           ,
           the
           land
           somewhat
           low
           ,
           certeine
           hummocks
           or
           hilles
           lying
           into
           the
           land
           ,
           the
           shore
           full
           of
           white
           sand
           ,
           but
           very
           stony
           or
           rocky
           .
           And
           standing
           faire
           alongst
           by
           the
           shore
           ,
           about
           twelue
           of
           the
           clocke
           the
           same
           day
           ,
           
           we
           came
           to
           an
           anker
           ,
           where
           eight
           Indians
           ,
           in
           a
           Baskeshallop
           with
           mast
           and
           saile
           ,
           an
           iron
           grapple
           ,
           and
           a
           kettle
           of
           Copper
           ,
           came
           boldly
           aboord
           vs
           ,
           one
           of
           them
           apparelled
           with
           a
           wastcoat
           and
           breeches
           of
           blacke
           serdge
           ,
           made
           after
           our
           sea-fashion
           ,
           hose
           and
           shoes
           on
           his
           féet
           ;
           all
           the
           rest
           (
           sauing
           one
           that
           had
           a
           paire
           of
           breeches
           of
           blue
           cloth
           )
           were
           naked
           .
           
           These
           people
           are
           of
           tall
           stature
           ,
           broad
           and
           grim
           visage
           ,
           of
           a
           blacke
           swart
           complexion
           ,
           their
           eie-browes
           painted
           white
           ;
           their
           weapons
           are
           bowes
           and
           arrowes
           .
           It
           seemed
           by
           some
           words
           and
           signes
           they
           made
           ,
           that
           some
           Basks
           or
           of
           
             S
             ,
             Iohn
             de
             Luz
          
           ,
           haue
           fished
           or
           traded
           in
           this
           place
           ,
           being
           in
           the
           latitude
           of
           43.
           degrées
           .
           But
           riding
           heere
           ,
           in
           no
           very
           good
           harbour
           ,
           and
           withall
           ,
           doubting
           the
           weather
           ,
           about
           thrée
           of
           the
           clocke
           the
           same
           day
           in
           the
           afternoone
           we
           weighed
           ,
           &
           standing
           Southerly
           off
           into
           sea
           the
           rest
           of
           that
           day
           and
           the
           night
           following
           ,
           with
           a
           fresh
           gale
           of
           winde
           ,
           in
           the
           morning
           we
           found
           our selues
           embaied
           with
           a
           mightie
           headland
           ;
           but
           comming
           to
           an
           anker
           about
           nine
           of
           the
           clocke
           the
           same
           day
           ,
           within
           a
           league
           of
           the
           shore
           ,
           we
           hoised
           out
           the
           one
           halfe
           of
           our
           shallop
           ,
           and
           captaine
           
             Bartholmew
             Gosnold
          
           ,
           
           my selfe
           ,
           and
           thrée
           others
           ,
           went
           ashore
           ,
           being
           a
           white
           sandie
           and
           very
           bolde
           shore
           ;
           and
           marching
           all
           that
           afternoone
           with
           our
           muskets
           on
           our
           necks
           ,
           on
           the
           highest
           hilles
           which
           we
           saw
           (
           the
           weather
           very
           hot
           )
           at
           length
           we
           perceiued
           this
           headland
           to
           be
           parcell
           of
           the
           maine
           ,
           and
           sundrie
           Islands
           lying
           almost
           round
           about
           it
           :
           so
           returning
           (
           towards
           euening
           )
           to
           our
           shallop
           (
           for
           by
           that
           time
           ,
           the
           other
           part
           was
           brought
           ashore
           and
           set
           together
           )
           we
           espied
           an
           Indian
           ,
           
           a
           yoong
           man
           ,
           of
           proper
           stature
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           pleasing
           countenance
           ;
           and
           after
           some
           familiaritie
           with
           him
           ,
           we
           left
           him
           at
           the
           sea
           side
           ,
           and
           returned
           to
           our
           ship
           ;
           where
           ,
           in
           fiue
           or
           sixe
           houres
           absence
           ,
           we
           had
           pestered
           our
           ship
           so
           with
           Cod
           fish
           ,
           
           that
           we
           threw
           numbers
           
           of
           them
           ouer-boord
           againe
           :
           and
           surely
           ,
           I
           am
           persuaded
           that
           in
           the
           moneths
           of
           March
           ,
           April
           ,
           and
           May
           ,
           there
           is
           vpon
           this
           coast
           ,
           better
           fishing
           ,
           and
           in
           as
           great
           plentie
           ,
           as
           in
           Newfound-land
           :
           for
           the
           sculles
           of
           Mackerell
           ,
           herrings
           ,
           Cod
           ,
           and
           other
           fish
           ,
           that
           we
           daily
           saw
           as
           we
           went
           and
           came
           from
           the
           shore
           ,
           were
           woonderfull
           ;
           and
           besides
           ,
           the
           places
           where
           we
           tooke
           these
           Cods
           (
           and
           might
           in
           a
           few
           daies
           haue
           laden
           our
           ship
           )
           were
           but
           in
           seuen
           fadome
           water
           ,
           and
           within
           lesse
           than
           a
           league
           of
           the
           shore
           :
           where
           ,
           in
           Newfound-land
           they
           fish
           in
           fortie
           or
           fiftie
           fadome
           water
           ,
           and
           farre
           off
           .
           From
           this
           place
           ,
           we
           sailed
           round
           about
           this
           headland
           ,
           
           almost
           all
           the
           points
           of
           the
           compasse
           ,
           the
           shore
           very
           bolde
           :
           but
           as
           no
           coast
           is
           frée
           from
           dangers
           ,
           so
           I
           am
           persuaded
           ,
           this
           is
           as
           frée
           as
           any
           .
           The
           land
           somwhat
           lowe
           ,
           full
           of
           goodly
           woods
           ,
           but
           in
           some
           places
           plaine
           .
           At
           length
           we
           were
           come
           amongst
           many
           faire
           Islands
           ,
           
           which
           we
           had
           partly
           discerned
           at
           our
           first
           landing
           ;
           all
           lying
           within
           a
           league
           or
           two
           one
           of
           another
           ,
           and
           the
           outermost
           not
           aboue
           sixe
           or
           seuen
           leagues
           from
           the
           maine
           :
           
           but
           cōming
           to
           an
           anker
           vnder
           one
           of
           them
           ,
           which
           was
           about
           thrée
           or
           foure
           leagues
           from
           the
           maine
           ,
           captaine
           Gosnold
           ,
           my selfe
           ,
           and
           some
           others
           ,
           went
           ashore
           ,
           and
           going
           round
           about
           it
           ,
           we
           found
           it
           to
           be
           foure
           English
           miles
           in
           compasse
           ,
           without
           house
           or
           inhabitant
           ,
           sauing
           a
           little
           old
           house
           made
           of
           boughes
           ,
           couered
           with
           barke
           ,
           an
           olde
           piece
           of
           a
           weare
           of
           the
           Indians
           ,
           to
           catch
           fish
           ,
           and
           one
           or
           two
           places
           ,
           where
           they
           had
           made
           fires
           .
           The
           chiefest
           trées
           of
           this
           Island
           ,
           are
           Béeches
           
           and
           Cedars
           ;
           
           the
           outward
           parts
           all
           ouergrowen
           with
           lowe
           bushie
           trées
           ,
           thrée
           or
           foure
           foot
           in
           height
           ,
           which
           beare
           some
           kinde
           of
           fruits
           ,
           as
           appeared
           by
           their
           blossomes
           ;
           Strawberries
           ,
           red
           and
           white
           ,
           as
           sweet
           and
           much
           bigger
           than
           ours
           in
           England
           :
           Rasberies
           ,
           Gooseberies
           ,
           Hurtleberies
           ,
           and
           such
           an
           incredible
           store
           of
           Uines
           ,
           
           aswell
           in
           the
           wooddie
           part
           of
           the
           Island
           ,
           where
           they
           run
           vpon
           euery
           trée
           ,
           as
           on
           the
           outward
           parts
           ,
           that
           we
           could
           not
           goe
           for
           treading
           vpon
           them
           :
           also
           ,
           many
           springs
           
           of
           excellent
           swéet
           water
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           standing
           lake
           
           of
           fresh
           water
           ,
           néere
           the
           sea
           side
           ,
           an
           English
           mile
           in
           compasse
           ,
           which
           is
           mainteined
           with
           the
           springs
           running
           excéeding
           pleasantly
           thorow
           the
           wooddie
           grounds
           which
           are
           very
           rockie
           .
           Here
           are
           also
           in
           this
           Island
           ,
           great
           store
           of
           Déere
           ,
           
           which
           we
           saw
           ,
           and
           other
           beasts
           ,
           
           as
           appeared
           
           by
           their
           tracks
           ;
           as
           also
           diuers
           fowles
           ,
           as
           Cranes
           ,
           
           Hernshawes
           ,
           
           Bitters
           ,
           
           Géese
           ,
           
           Mallards
           ,
           
           Teales
           
           and
           other
           fowles
           ,
           in
           great
           plenty
           ;
           also
           ,
           great
           store
           of
           Pease
           ,
           which
           grow
           in
           certeine
           plots
           all
           the
           Island
           ouer
           .
           On
           the
           North
           side
           of
           this
           Island
           we
           found
           many
           huge
           bones
           and
           ribbes
           of
           Whales
           .
           This
           Island
           ,
           as
           also
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           these
           Islands
           ,
           are
           full
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           stones
           fit
           for
           building
           ;
           the
           sea
           sides
           all
           couered
           with
           stones
           ,
           many
           of
           them
           glistring
           and
           shining
           like
           minerall
           stones
           ,
           and
           verie
           rockie
           :
           also
           ,
           the
           rest
           of
           these
           Islands
           are
           replenished
           with
           these
           commodities
           ,
           and
           vpon
           some
           of
           them
           ,
           inhabitants
           ;
           as
           vpon
           as
           Island
           to
           the
           Northward
           ,
           and
           within
           two
           leagues
           of
           this
           ;
           yet
           wée
           found
           no
           townes
           ,
           nor
           many
           of
           their
           houses
           ,
           although
           we
           saw
           manie
           Indians
           ,
           which
           are
           tall
           big
           boned
           men
           ,
           all
           naked
           ,
           sauing
           they
           couer
           their
           priuy
           parts
           with
           a
           blacke
           tewed
           skin
           ,
           much
           like
           a
           Black
           smiths
           apron
           ,
           tied
           about
           their
           middle
           and
           betwéene
           their
           legs
           behinde
           :
           they
           gaue
           vs
           of
           their
           fish
           readie
           boiled
           ,
           (
           which
           they
           carried
           in
           a
           basket
           made
           of
           twigges
           ,
           not
           vnlike
           our
           osier
           )
           whereof
           we
           did
           eat
           ,
           and
           iudged
           them
           to
           be
           fresh
           water
           fish
           :
           they
           gaue
           vs
           also
           of
           their
           Tabacco
           ,
           
           which
           they
           drinke
           gréene
           ,
           but
           dried
           into
           powder
           ,
           very
           strong
           and
           pleasant
           ,
           and
           much
           better
           than
           any
           I
           haue
           tasted
           in
           England
           :
           the
           necks
           of
           their
           pipes
           are
           made
           of
           clay
           hard
           dried
           ,
           (
           whereof
           in
           that
           Island
           is
           great
           store
           both
           red
           and
           white
           )
           the
           other
           part
           is
           a
           piece
           of
           hollow
           copper
           ,
           very
           finely
           closed
           and
           semented
           together
           .
           Wée
           gaue
           vnto
           them
           certeine
           trifles
           ,
           as
           kniues
           ,
           points
           ,
           and
           such
           like
           ,
           which
           they
           much
           estéemed
           .
           From
           hence
           we
           went
           to
           another
           Island
           ,
           
           to
           the
           Northwest
           of
           this
           ,
           and
           within
           a
           league
           or
           two
           of
           the
           maine
           ,
           which
           we
           found
           to
           bee
           greater
           than
           before
           we
           imagined
           ,
           being
           16.
           
           English
           miles
           at
           the
           least
           in
           compasse
           ;
           for
           it
           conteineth
           many
           pieces
           or
           necks
           of
           land
           ,
           which
           differ
           nothing
           frō
           seuerall
           Islands
           ,
           sauing
           that
           certeine
           banks
           of
           small
           bredth
           ,
           do
           like
           bridges
           ,
           ioine
           them
           to
           this
           Island
           .
           On
           the
           outsides
           of
           this
           Island
           are
           many
           plaine
           places
           of
           grasse
           ,
           abundance
           of
           Strawberies
           &
           other
           berries
           before
           mentioned
           .
           In
           mid
           May
           we
           did
           sowe
           in
           this
           Island
           (
           for
           a
           triall
           )
           in
           sundry
           places
           ,
           Wheat
           ,
           Barley
           ,
           Oats
           ,
           and
           Pease
           ,
           
           which
           in
           fourtéene
           daies
           were
           sprung
           vp
           nine
           inches
           and
           more
           .
           The
           soile
           is
           fat
           and
           lustie
           ,
           the
           vpper
           crust
           of
           gray
           
           colour
           ;
           but
           a
           foot
           or
           lesse
           in
           depth
           ,
           of
           the
           colour
           of
           our
           hempe-lands
           in
           England
           ;
           and
           being
           thus
           apt
           for
           these
           and
           the
           like
           graines
           ;
           the
           sowing
           or
           setting
           (
           after
           the
           ground
           is
           clensed
           )
           is
           no
           greater
           labour
           ,
           than
           if
           you
           should
           set
           or
           sow
           in
           one
           of
           our
           best
           prepared
           gardens
           in
           England
           .
           This
           Island
           is
           full
           of
           high
           timbred
           Oakes
           ,
           
           their
           leaues
           thrise
           so
           broad
           as
           ours
           ;
           Ceders
           ,
           
           straight
           and
           tall
           ;
           Béech
           ,
           
           Elme
           ,
           
           hollie
           ,
           
           Walnut
           trees
           
           in
           aboundance
           ,
           the
           fruit
           as
           bigge
           as
           ours
           ,
           as
           appeared
           by
           those
           we
           found
           vnder
           the
           trees
           ,
           which
           had
           lien
           all
           the
           yéere
           vngathered
           ;
           Haslenut
           trées
           ,
           Cherry
           trées
           ,
           
           the
           leafe
           ,
           barke
           and
           bignesse
           not
           differing
           from
           ours
           in
           England
           ,
           but
           the
           stalke
           beareth
           the
           blossoms
           or
           fruit
           at
           the
           end
           thereof
           ,
           like
           a
           cluster
           of
           Grapes
           ,
           forty
           or
           fifty
           in
           a
           bunch
           ;
           Sassafras
           trées
           
           great
           plentie
           all
           the
           Island
           ouer
           ,
           a
           trée
           of
           high
           price
           and
           profit
           ;
           also
           diuers
           other
           fruit
           trées
           ,
           
           some
           of
           them
           with
           strange
           barkes
           ,
           of
           an
           Orange
           colour
           ,
           in
           feeling
           soft
           and
           smoothe
           like
           Ueluet
           :
           in
           the
           thickest
           parts
           of
           these
           woods
           ,
           you
           may
           sée
           a
           furlong
           or
           more
           round
           about
           .
           On
           the
           Northwest
           side
           of
           this
           Island
           ,
           néere
           to
           the
           sea
           side
           ,
           is
           a
           standing
           Lake
           of
           fresh
           water
           ,
           almost
           thrée
           English
           miles
           
           in
           compasse
           ,
           in
           the
           middest
           whereof
           stands
           a
           plot
           of
           woody
           ground
           ,
           an
           acre
           in
           quantitie
           or
           not
           aboue
           :
           this
           Lake
           is
           full
           of
           small
           Tortoises
           ,
           
           and
           excéedingly
           frequented
           with
           all
           sorts
           of
           fowles
           before
           rehearsed
           ,
           which
           breed
           ,
           some
           low
           on
           the
           banks
           ,
           and
           others
           on
           low
           trees
           about
           this
           Lake
           in
           great
           aboundance
           ,
           whose
           yong
           ones
           of
           all
           sorts
           we
           tooke
           and
           eat
           at
           our
           pleasure
           :
           but
           all
           these
           fowles
           are
           much
           bigger
           than
           ours
           in
           England
           .
           
           Also
           ,
           in
           euery
           Island
           ,
           and
           almost
           in
           euery
           part
           of
           euery
           Island
           ,
           are
           great
           store
           of
           Ground
           nuts
           ,
           
           fortie
           together
           on
           a
           string
           ,
           some
           of
           them
           as
           bigge
           as
           hennes
           egges
           ;
           they
           grow
           not
           two
           inches
           vnder
           ground
           :
           the
           which
           nuts
           we
           found
           to
           be
           as
           good
           as
           Potatoes
           .
           Also
           ,
           diuers
           sorts
           of
           shell-fish
           ,
           
           as
           Scalops
           ,
           Muscles
           ,
           Cockles
           ,
           Lobsters
           ,
           Crabs
           ,
           Oisters
           ,
           and
           Wilks
           ,
           exéeding
           good
           and
           very
           great
           .
           But
           not
           to
           cloy
           you
           with
           particular
           rehearsall
           of
           such
           things
           as
           God
           &
           Nature
           hath
           bestowed
           on
           these
           places
           ,
           in
           comparison
           whereof
           ,
           the
           most
           fertil
           part
           of
           al
           England
           is
           (
           of
           it selfe
           )
           but
           barren
           ;
           we
           went
           in
           our
           light-horsman
           from
           this
           Island
           to
           the
           maine
           ,
           right
           against
           this
           Island
           some
           two
           leagues
           off
           ,
           where
           comming
           ashore
           ,
           we
           stood
           a
           while
           like
           men
           rauished
           at
           the
           
           beautie
           
           and
           delicacie
           of
           this
           swéet
           soile
           ;
           for
           besides
           diuers
           cléere
           Lakes
           
           of
           fresh
           water
           (
           whereof
           we
           saw
           no
           end
           )
           Modowes
           
           very
           large
           and
           full
           of
           gréene
           grasse
           ;
           euen
           the
           most
           woody
           places
           (
           I
           speake
           onely
           of
           such
           as
           I
           saw
           )
           doe
           grow
           so
           distinct
           and
           apart
           ,
           one
           trée
           from
           another
           ,
           vpon
           gréene
           grassie
           ground
           ,
           somewhat
           higher
           than
           the
           Plaines
           ,
           as
           if
           Nature
           would
           shew
           her selfe
           aboue
           her
           power
           ,
           artificiall
           .
           Hard
           by
           ,
           we
           espied
           seuen
           Indians
           ,
           
           and
           cumming
           vp
           to
           them
           ,
           at
           first
           they
           expressed
           some
           feare
           ;
           but
           being
           emboldned
           by
           our
           curteous
           vsage
           ,
           and
           some
           trifles
           which
           we
           gaue
           them
           ,
           they
           followed
           vs
           to
           a
           necke
           of
           land
           ,
           which
           we
           imagined
           had
           beene
           seuered
           from
           the
           maine
           ;
           but
           finding
           it
           otherwise
           ,
           we
           perceiued
           a
           broad
           harbour
           or
           riuers
           
           mouth
           ,
           which
           ranne
           vp
           into
           the
           maine
           :
           and
           because
           the
           day
           was
           farre
           spent
           ,
           we
           were
           forced
           to
           returne
           to
           the
           Island
           from
           whence
           we
           came
           ,
           leauing
           the
           discouery
           of
           this
           harbour
           ,
           
           for
           a
           time
           of
           better
           leasure
           .
           Of
           the
           goodnesse
           of
           which
           harbour
           ,
           as
           also
           of
           many
           others
           thereabouts
           ,
           there
           is
           small
           doubt
           ,
           considering
           that
           all
           the
           Islands
           ,
           as
           also
           the
           maine
           (
           where
           we
           were
           )
           is
           all
           rockie
           grounds
           and
           broken
           lands
           .
           Now
           the
           next
           day
           ,
           we
           determined
           to
           fortifie
           our selues
           in
           a
           little
           plot
           of
           ground
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           the
           Lake
           aboue
           mentioned
           ,
           
           where
           we
           built
           an
           house
           ,
           and
           couered
           it
           with
           sedge
           ,
           which
           grew
           about
           this
           lake
           in
           great
           aboundance
           ;
           in
           building
           whereof
           ,
           we
           spent
           thrée
           wéeks
           and
           more
           :
           but
           the
           second
           day
           after
           our
           comming
           from
           the
           maine
           ,
           we
           espied
           11
           canowes
           or
           boats
           ,
           with
           fiftie
           Indians
           in
           them
           ,
           
           comming
           toward
           vs
           from
           this
           part
           of
           the
           maine
           ,
           where
           we
           ,
           two
           daies
           before
           landed
           ;
           and
           being
           loth
           they
           should
           discouer
           our
           fortification
           ,
           we
           went
           out
           on
           the
           sea
           side
           to
           méete
           them
           ;
           and
           comming
           somewhat
           néere
           them
           ,
           they
           all
           sat
           downe
           vpon
           the
           stones
           ,
           calling
           aloud
           to
           vs
           (
           as
           we
           rightly
           ghessed
           )
           to
           doe
           the
           like
           ,
           a
           little
           distance
           from
           them
           :
           hauing
           sat
           a
           while
           in
           this
           order
           ,
           captaine
           Gosnold
           willed
           me
           to
           goe
           vnto
           them
           ,
           to
           sée
           what
           countenance
           they
           would
           make
           ;
           but
           as
           soone
           as
           I
           came
           vp
           vnto
           them
           ,
           one
           of
           them
           ,
           to
           whom
           I
           had
           giuen
           a
           knife
           two
           daies
           before
           in
           the
           maine
           ,
           knew
           me
           ,
           (
           whom
           I
           also
           very
           wel
           remembred
           )
           and
           smiling
           vpon
           me
           ,
           spake
           somewhat
           vnto
           their
           lord
           or
           captaine
           ,
           
           which
           sat
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           them
           ,
           who
           presently
           rose
           vp
           and
           tooke
           a
           large
           Beauer
           skin
           from
           one
           that
           stood
           about
           
           him
           ,
           and
           gaue
           it
           vnto
           me
           ,
           which
           I
           requited
           for
           that
           time
           the
           best
           I
           could
           :
           but
           I
           ,
           pointing
           towards
           captaine
           Gosnold
           ,
           made
           signes
           vnto
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           our
           captaine
           ,
           and
           desirous
           to
           be
           his
           friend
           ,
           and
           enter
           league
           with
           him
           ,
           which
           (
           as
           I
           perceiued
           )
           he
           vnderstood
           ,
           and
           made
           signes
           of
           ioy
           :
           whereuppon
           captaine
           Gosnold
           with
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           companie
           ,
           being
           twenty
           in
           all
           ,
           came
           vp
           vnto
           them
           ;
           and
           after
           many
           signes
           of
           gratulations
           (
           captaine
           Gosnold
           presenting
           their
           Lord
           with
           certaine
           trifles
           which
           they
           wondred
           at
           ,
           and
           highly
           estéemed
           )
           we
           became
           very
           great
           friends
           ,
           and
           sent
           for
           meat
           aboord
           our
           shallop
           ,
           and
           gaue
           them
           such
           meats
           as
           we
           had
           then
           readie
           dressed
           ,
           whereof
           they
           misliked
           nothing
           but
           our
           mustard
           ,
           whereat
           they
           made
           many
           a
           sowre
           face
           .
           While
           we
           were
           thus
           mery
           ,
           one
           of
           them
           had
           conueied
           a
           target
           of
           ours
           into
           one
           of
           their
           canowes
           ,
           which
           we
           suffered
           ,
           onely
           to
           trie
           whether
           they
           were
           in
           subiection
           to
           this
           Lord
           to
           whom
           we
           made
           signes
           (
           by
           shewing
           him
           another
           of
           the
           same
           likenesse
           ,
           and
           pointing
           to
           the
           canow
           )
           what
           one
           of
           his
           companie
           had
           done
           :
           who
           suddenly
           expressed
           some
           feare
           ,
           and
           speaking
           angerly
           to
           one
           about
           him
           (
           as
           we
           perceiued
           by
           his
           countenance
           )
           caused
           it
           presently
           to
           be
           brought
           backe
           againe
           .
           So
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           day
           we
           spent
           in
           trading
           with
           them
           for
           Furres
           ,
           
           which
           are
           Beauers
           ,
           Luzernes
           ,
           Marterns
           ,
           Otters
           ,
           Wild-cat
           skinnes
           ,
           very
           large
           and
           déepe
           Furre
           ,
           blacke
           Foxes
           ,
           Conie
           skinnes
           ,
           of
           the
           colour
           of
           our
           Hares
           ,
           but
           somewhat
           lesse
           ,
           Déere
           skinnes
           ,
           very
           large
           ,
           Seale
           skinnes
           ,
           and
           other
           beasts
           skinnes
           ,
           to
           vs
           vnknowen
           .
           They
           haue
           also
           great
           store
           of
           Copper
           ,
           
           some
           very
           redde
           ;
           and
           some
           of
           a
           paler
           colour
           ;
           none
           of
           them
           but
           haue
           chaines
           ,
           earings
           or
           collars
           of
           this
           mettall
           :
           they
           head
           some
           of
           their
           arrows
           herewith
           much
           like
           our
           broad
           arrow
           heads
           ,
           very
           workmanly
           made
           .
           Their
           chaines
           
           are
           many
           hollow
           pieces
           semented
           together
           ,
           ech
           piece
           of
           the
           bignesse
           of
           one
           of
           our
           réeds
           ,
           a
           finger
           in
           length
           ,
           ten
           or
           twelue
           of
           them
           together
           on
           a
           string
           ,
           which
           they
           weare
           about
           their
           necks
           :
           their
           collars
           
           they
           weare
           about
           their
           bodies
           like
           bandelieres
           a
           handfull
           broad
           ,
           all
           hollow
           pieces
           ,
           like
           the
           other
           ,
           but
           somewhat
           shorter
           ,
           four
           hundred
           pieces
           in
           a
           collar
           ,
           very
           fine
           and
           euenly
           set
           together
           .
           Besides
           these
           ,
           they
           haue
           large
           drinking
           cups
           
           made
           like
           sculles
           ,
           and
           other
           thinne
           plates
           of
           copper
           ,
           made
           
           much
           like
           our
           boare-speare
           blades
           ,
           all
           which
           they
           so
           little
           estéeme
           ,
           as
           they
           offered
           their
           fairest
           collars
           or
           chaines
           ,
           for
           a
           knife
           or
           such
           like
           trifle
           ,
           but
           we
           séemed
           little
           to
           regard
           it
           ;
           yet
           I
           was
           desirous
           to
           vnderstand
           where
           they
           had
           such
           store
           of
           this
           mettall
           ,
           and
           made
           signes
           to
           one
           of
           them
           (
           with
           whom
           I
           was
           very
           familiar
           )
           who
           taking
           a
           piece
           of
           Copper
           
           in
           his
           hand
           ,
           made
           a
           hole
           with
           his
           finger
           in
           the
           ground
           ,
           and
           withall
           pointed
           to
           the
           maine
           from
           whence
           they
           came
           .
           They
           strike
           fire
           in
           this
           manner
           ;
           euery
           one
           carrieth
           about
           him
           in
           a
           purse
           of
           tewd
           leather
           ,
           a
           Minerall
           stone
           
           (
           which
           I
           take
           to
           be
           their
           Copper
           )
           and
           with
           a
           flat
           Emerie
           stone
           
           (
           wherewith
           Glasiers
           cut
           glasse
           ,
           and
           Cutlers
           glase
           blades
           )
           tied
           fast
           to
           the
           end
           of
           a
           little
           sticke
           ,
           gently
           he
           striketh
           vpon
           the
           Minerall
           stone
           ,
           and
           within
           a
           stroke
           or
           two
           ,
           a
           sparke
           falleth
           vpon
           a
           piece
           of
           Touchwood
           (
           much
           like
           our
           Spunge
           in
           England
           )
           and
           with
           the
           least
           sparke
           he
           maketh
           a
           fire
           presently
           .
           We
           had
           also
           of
           their
           Flaxe
           ,
           
           wherewith
           they
           make
           many
           strings
           and
           cords
           ,
           but
           it
           is
           not
           so
           bright
           of
           colour
           as
           ours
           in
           England
           :
           I
           am
           perswaded
           they
           haue
           great
           store
           growing
           vpon
           the
           maine
           ,
           as
           also
           Mines
           and
           many
           other
           rich
           commodities
           ,
           which
           we
           ,
           wanting
           both
           time
           and
           meanes
           ,
           could
           not
           possibly
           discouer
           .
           Thus
           they
           continued
           with
           vs
           thrée
           daies
           ,
           euery
           night
           retiring
           them selues
           to
           the
           furthermost
           part
           of
           our
           Island
           two
           or
           three
           miles
           from
           our
           fort
           :
           but
           the
           fourth
           day
           they
           returned
           to
           the
           maine
           ,
           pointing
           fiue
           or
           six
           times
           to
           the
           Sun
           ,
           and
           once
           to
           the
           maine
           ,
           which
           we
           vnderstood
           ,
           that
           within
           fiue
           or
           six
           daies
           they
           would
           come
           from
           the
           maine
           to
           vs
           againe
           :
           but
           being
           in
           their
           canowes
           a
           little
           from
           the
           shore
           ,
           they
           made
           huge
           cries
           &
           shouts
           of
           ioy
           vnto
           vs
           ;
           and
           we
           with
           our
           trumpet
           and
           cornet
           ,
           and
           casting
           vp
           our
           cappes
           into
           the
           aire
           ,
           made
           them
           the
           best
           farewell
           we
           could
           :
           
           yet
           six
           or
           seuen
           of
           them
           remained
           with
           vs
           behinde
           ,
           bearing
           vs
           company
           euery
           day
           into
           the
           woods
           ,
           and
           helpt
           vs
           to
           cut
           and
           carie
           our
           Sassafras
           ,
           
           and
           some
           of
           them
           lay
           aboord
           our
           ship
           .
           These
           people
           ,
           as
           they
           are
           excéeding
           courteous
           ,
           
           gentle
           of
           disposition
           ,
           and
           well
           conditioned
           ,
           excelling
           all
           others
           that
           we
           haue
           séene
           ;
           so
           for
           shape
           of
           bodie
           and
           louely
           fauour
           ,
           I
           thinke
           they
           excell
           all
           the
           people
           of
           America
           ;
           of
           stature
           much
           higher
           than
           we
           ;
           of
           complexion
           or
           colour
           ,
           much
           like
           a
           darke
           Oliue
           ;
           their
           eie-browes
           and
           haire
           blacke
           ,
           which
           they
           
           weare
           long
           ,
           tied
           vp
           behinde
           in
           knots
           ,
           whereon
           they
           pricke
           feathers
           of
           fowles
           ,
           in
           fashion
           of
           a
           crownet
           :
           some
           of
           them
           are
           blacke
           thin
           bearded
           ;
           they
           make
           beards
           of
           the
           haire
           of
           beasts
           :
           and
           one
           of
           them
           offered
           a
           beard
           of
           their
           making
           to
           one
           of
           our
           sailers
           ,
           for
           his
           that
           grew
           on
           his
           face
           ,
           which
           because
           it
           was
           of
           a
           red
           colour
           ,
           they
           iudged
           to
           be
           none
           of
           his
           owne
           .
           They
           are
           quicke
           eied
           ,
           and
           stedfast
           in
           their
           looks
           ,
           fearelesse
           of
           others
           harmes
           ,
           as
           intending
           none
           themselues
           ;
           some
           of
           the
           meaner
           sort
           giuen
           to
           filching
           ,
           which
           the
           very
           name
           of
           Saluages
           (
           not
           weighing
           their
           ignorance
           in
           good
           or
           euill
           )
           may
           easily
           excuse
           :
           their
           garments
           are
           of
           Déere
           skins
           ,
           and
           some
           of
           them
           weare
           Furres
           round
           and
           close
           about
           their
           necks
           .
           
           They
           pronounce
           our
           language
           with
           great
           facilitie
           ;
           for
           one
           of
           them
           one
           day
           sitting
           by
           mee
           ,
           vpon
           occasion
           I
           spake
           smiling
           to
           him
           these
           words
           :
           
             How
             now
             (
             sirrha
             )
             are
             you
             so
             saucie
             with
             my
             Tabacco
             ?
          
           which
           words
           (
           without
           any
           further
           repetition
           )
           he
           suddenly
           spake
           so
           plaine
           and
           distinctly
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           had
           béene
           a
           long
           scholar
           in
           the
           language
           .
           Many
           other
           such
           trials
           we
           had
           ,
           which
           are
           héere
           néedlesse
           to
           repeat
           .
           Their
           women
           
           (
           such
           as
           we
           saw
           )
           which
           were
           but
           thrée
           in
           all
           ,
           were
           but
           lowe
           of
           stature
           ,
           their
           eie-browes
           ,
           haire
           ,
           apparell
           ,
           and
           maner
           of
           wearing
           ,
           like
           to
           the
           men
           ,
           fat
           ,
           and
           very
           well
           fauoured
           ,
           and
           much
           delighted
           in
           our
           company
           ;
           the
           men
           are
           very
           dutifull
           towards
           them
           .
           And
           truely
           ,
           the
           holsomnesse
           and
           temperature
           of
           this
           Climat
           ,
           doth
           not
           onely
           argue
           this
           people
           to
           be
           answerable
           to
           this
           description
           ,
           but
           also
           of
           a
           perfect
           constitution
           of
           body
           ,
           actiue
           ,
           strong
           ,
           healthfull
           ,
           and
           very
           wittie
           ,
           as
           the
           sundry
           toies
           of
           theirs
           cunningly
           wrought
           ,
           may
           easily
           witnes
           .
           For
           the
           agréeing
           of
           this
           Climat
           
           with
           vs
           (
           I
           speake
           of
           my selfe
           ,
           &
           so
           I
           may
           iustly
           do
           for
           the
           rest
           of
           our
           company
           )
           that
           we
           found
           our
           health
           &
           strength
           all
           the
           while
           we
           remained
           there
           ,
           so
           to
           renew
           and
           increase
           ,
           as
           notwithstanding
           our
           diet
           and
           lodging
           was
           none
           of
           the
           best
           ,
           yet
           not
           one
           of
           our
           company
           (
           God
           be
           thanked
           )
           felt
           the
           least
           grudging
           or
           inclination
           to
           any
           disease
           or
           sicknesse
           ,
           but
           were
           much
           fatter
           and
           in
           better
           health
           than
           when
           we
           went
           out
           of
           England
           .
           But
           after
           our
           barke
           had
           taken
           in
           so
           much
           Sassafras
           ,
           Cedar
           ,
           Furres
           ,
           Skinnes
           ,
           and
           other
           commodities
           ,
           as
           were
           thought
           conuenient
           ;
           some
           of
           our
           company
           that
           had
           promised
           captaine
           Gosnold
           to
           stay
           ,
           hauing
           nothing
           but
           a
           sauing
           
           voyage
           in
           their
           minds
           ,
           made
           our
           company
           of
           inhabitants
           (
           which
           was
           small
           enough
           before
           )
           much
           smaller
           ;
           so
           as
           captaine
           Gosnold
           séeing
           his
           whole
           strength
           to
           consist
           but
           of
           twelue
           men
           ,
           and
           they
           but
           meanly
           prouided
           ,
           determined
           to
           returne
           
           for
           England
           ,
           leauing
           this
           Island
           (
           which
           he
           called
           
             Elizabeths
             Island
          
           )
           which
           as
           many
           true
           sorrowfull
           eies
           ,
           as
           were
           before
           desirous
           to
           sée
           it
           .
           So
           the
           18.
           of
           Iune
           ,
           being
           Friday
           ,
           we
           weighed
           ,
           and
           with
           indifferent
           faire
           winde
           and
           weather
           came
           to
           anker
           the
           23
           of
           Iuly
           ,
           being
           also
           Friday
           (
           in
           all
           ,
           bare
           fiue
           wéeks
           )
           before
           Exmouth
           .
        
         
           
             Your
             Lordships
             to
             command
             ,
             
               Ihon
               Brereton
            
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           A
           briefe
           Note
           of
           such
           commodities
           as
           we
           saw
           in
           the
           countrey
           ,
           notwithstanding
           our
           small
           time
           of
           stay
           .
        
         
           
             Trees
             .
          
           
             SAssafras
             trees
             ,
             the
             roots
             wherof
             at
             3.
             s.
             the
             pound
             are
             336.
             l.
             the
             tunne
             .
          
           
             Cedars
             tall
             and
             straight
             ,
             in
             great
             abundance
             .
          
           
             Cypres
             trees
             .
          
           
             Oakes
             .
          
           
             Walnut
             trees
             great
             store
             .
          
           
             Elmes
             .
          
           
             Beech.
             
          
           
             Hollie
             .
          
           
             Haslenut
             trees
             .
          
           
             Cherry
             trees
             .
          
           
             Cotten
             trees
             .
          
           
             Other
             fruit
             trees
             to
             vs
             vnknowen
             .
          
        
         
           The
           finder
           of
           our
           Sassafras
           in
           these
           parts
           ,
           was
           one
           Master
           Robert
           Meriton
           .
        
         
           
             Fowles
             .
          
           
             EAgles
             .
          
           
             Hernshawes
             .
          
           
             Cranes
             .
          
           
             Bitters
             .
          
           
             Mallards
             .
          
           
             Teales
             .
          
           
             Geese
             .
          
           
             Pengwins
             .
          
           
             Ospreis
             and
             Hawks
             .
          
           
             Crowes
             .
          
           
             Rauens
             .
          
           
             Mewes
             .
          
           
             Doues
             .
          
           
             Sea-pies
             .
          
           
             Blacke-birds
             with
             carnation
             wings
             .
          
        
         
           
             Beasts
             .
          
           
             DEere
             in
             great
             store
             ,
             very
             great
             and
             large
             .
          
           
             
             Beares
             .
          
           
             Luzernes
             .
          
           
             Blacke
             Foxes
             .
          
           
             Beauers
             .
          
           
             Otters
             .
          
           
             Wilde-Cats
             ,
             verie
             large
             and
             great
             .
          
           
             Dogs
             like
             Foxes
             ,
             blacke
             and
             sharpe
             nosed
             .
          
           
             Conies
             .
          
        
         
           
             Fruits
             ,
             Plants
             ,
             and
             Herbs
             .
          
           
             TAbacco
             ,
             excellent
             sweet
             and
             strong
             .
          
           
             Vines
             in
             more
             plenty
             than
             in
             France
             .
          
           
             Ground-nuts
             ,
             good
             meat
             ,
             &
             also
             medicinable
             .
          
           
             Strawberries
             .
          
           
             Raspeberries
             .
          
           
             Gooseberries
             .
          
           
             Hurtleberries
             .
          
           
             Pease
             growing
             naturally
             .
          
           
             Flaxe
             .
          
           
             Iris
             Florentina
             ,
             whereof
             apothecaries
             make
             sweet
             balles
             .
          
           
             Sorrell
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             herbs
             wherewith
             they
             made
             sallets
             .
          
        
         
           
             Fishes
             .
          
           
             VVHales
             .
          
           
             Tortoises
             ,
             both
             on
             land
             and
             sea
             .
          
           
             Seales
             .
          
           
             Cods
             .
          
           
             Mackerell
             .
          
           
             Breames
             .
          
           
             Herrings
             .
          
           
             Thornbacke
             .
          
           
             Hakes
             .
          
           
             Rockefish
             .
          
           
             Doggefish
             .
          
           
             Lobstars
             .
          
           
             Crabbes
             .
          
           
             Muscles
             .
          
           
             Wilks
             .
          
           
             Cockles
             .
          
           
             Scallops
             .
          
           
             Oisters
             .
          
        
         
           SNakes
           foure
           foot
           in
           length
           ,
           and
           sixe
           inches
           about
           ,
           which
           the
           Indians
           eat
           for
           daintie
           meat
           ,
           the
           skinnes
           whereof
           they
           vse
           for
           girdles
           .
        
         
           Colours
           to
           die
           with
           ,
           red
           ,
           white
           ,
           and
           blacke
           .
        
         
           
             Mettals
             and
             Stones
             .
          
           
             COpper
             in
             great
             abundance
             .
          
           
             Emerie
             stones
             for
             Glasiers
             &
             Cutlers
             .
          
           
             Alabaster
             very
             white
             .
          
           
             Stones
             glistering
             and
             shining
             like
             Minerall
             stones
             .
          
           
             Stones
             of
             a
             blue
             mettalline
             colour
             ,
             which
             we
             take
             to
             be
             Steele
             oare
             .
          
           
             Stones
             of
             all
             sorts
             for
             buildings
             .
          
           
             Clay
             ,
             red
             &
             white
             ,
             which
             may
             proue
             good
             Terra
             Sigillata
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           briefe
           Note
           of
           the
           sending
           another
           barke
           this
           present
           yeere
           1602.
           by
           the
           honorable
           knight
           ,
           Sir
           WALTE
           RALEGH
           ,
           for
           the
           searching
           out
           of
           his
           Colonie
           in
           Virginia
           .
        
         
           
             SAmuel
             Mace
          
           of
           Weimouth
           ,
           a
           very
           sufficent
           Mariner
           ,
           an
           honest
           sober
           man
           ,
           who
           had
           béene
           at
           Virginia
           twise
           before
           ,
           was
           imploied
           thither
           by
           Sir
           
             Walter
             Ralegh
          
           ,
           to
           finde
           those
           people
           which
           were
           left
           there
           in
           the
           yeere
           1587.
           
           To
           whose
           succour
           he
           hath
           sent
           fiue
           seuerall
           times
           at
           his
           owne
           charges
           .
           The
           parties
           by
           him
           set
           foorth
           ,
           performed
           nothing
           ;
           some
           of
           them
           following
           their
           owne
           profit
           elsewhere
           ;
           others
           returning
           with
           friuolous
           allegations
           .
           At
           this
           last
           time
           ,
           to
           auoid
           all
           excuse
           ,
           he
           bought
           a
           barke
           ,
           and
           hired
           all
           the
           company
           for
           wages
           by
           the
           moneth
           :
           who
           departing
           from
           Weimouth
           in
           March
           last
           1062
           ,
           fell
           fortie
           leagues
           to
           the
           Southwestward
           of
           Hatarask
           ,
           in
           thirtie
           foure
           degrées
           or
           thereabout
           ;
           and
           hauing
           there
           spent
           a
           moneth
           ;
           when
           they
           came
           along
           the
           coast
           to
           séeke
           the
           people
           ,
           they
           did
           it
           not
           ,
           pretending
           that
           the
           extremitie
           of
           weather
           and
           losse
           of
           some
           principall
           ground-tackle
           ,
           forced
           and
           feared
           them
           from
           searching
           the
           port
           of
           Hatarask
           ,
           to
           which
           they
           were
           sent
           .
           From
           that
           place
           where
           they
           abode
           ,
           they
           brought
           Sassafras
           ,
           
             Radix
             Chinae
          
           or
           the
           China
           root
           ,
           
             Beniamin
             ,
             Cassia
             ,
             lignea
          
           ,
           &
           a
           rinde
           of
           a
           trée
           more
           strong
           than
           any
           spice
           as
           yet
           knowen
           ,
           with
           diuers
           other
           commodities
           ,
           which
           hereafter
           in
           a
           larger
           discourse
           may
           come
           to
           light
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           Treatise
           ,
           conteining
           important
           inducements
           for
           the
           planting
           in
           these
           parts
           ,
           and
           finding
           a
           passage
           that
           way
           to
           the
           South
           sea
           and
           China
           .
        
         
           THe
           voiage
           which
           we
           intend
           ,
           is
           to
           plant
           Christian
           people
           and
           religion
           vpon
           the
           Northwest
           countries
           of
           America
           ,
           in
           places
           temperat
           
           and
           well
           agréeing
           with
           our
           constitution
           ,
           which
           though
           the
           same
           doe
           lie
           betwéene
           40.
           and
           44.
           degrees
           of
           latitude
           ,
           vnder
           the
           Paralels
           of
           Italy
           and
           France
           ,
           yet
           are
           not
           they
           so
           hot
           ;
           by
           reason
           that
           the
           suns
           heat
           is
           qualified
           in
           his
           course
           ouer
           the
           Ocean
           ,
           before
           he
           arriueth
           vpon
           the
           coasts
           of
           America
           ,
           attracting
           much
           vapour
           from
           the
           sea
           :
           which
           mitigation
           of
           his
           heat
           ,
           we
           take
           for
           a
           benefit
           to
           vs
           that
           intend
           to
           inhabit
           there
           ;
           because
           vnder
           the
           Climat
           of
           40
           degrees
           ,
           the
           same
           would
           be
           too
           vehement
           els
           for
           our
           bodies
           to
           endure
           .
        
         
           These
           lands
           were
           neuer
           yet
           actually
           possessed
           by
           any
           Christian
           prince
           or
           people
           ,
           
           yet
           often
           intended
           to
           be
           by
           the
           French
           nation
           ,
           which
           long
           sithence
           had
           inhabited
           there
           ,
           if
           domesticall
           warres
           had
           not
           withheld
           them
           :
           notwithstanding
           the
           same
           are
           the
           rightfull
           inheritance
           of
           her
           Maiestie
           ,
           being
           first
           discouered
           by
           our
           nation
           in
           the
           time
           of
           King
           Henrie
           the
           seuenth
           ,
           vnder
           the
           conduct
           of
           
             Iohn
             Cabot
          
           and
           his
           sonnes
           :
           by
           which
           title
           of
           first
           discouery
           ,
           the
           kings
           of
           Portugall
           and
           Spaine
           doe
           holde
           and
           enioy
           their
           ample
           and
           rich
           kingdomes
           in
           their
           Indies
           East
           and
           West
           ;
           and
           also
           lately
           planted
           in
           part
           by
           the
           Colonies
           sent
           thither
           by
           the
           honourable
           knight
           ,
           Sir
           
             Walter
             Ralegh
          
           .
        
         
           The
           course
           vnto
           these
           countreys
           ,
           
           is
           thorow
           the
           Ocean
           ,
           altogether
           frée
           from
           all
           restraint
           by
           forren
           princes
           to
           be
           made
           ;
           whereunto
           other
           our
           accustomed
           trades
           are
           subiect
           ;
           apt
           for
           most
           winds
           that
           can
           blow
           ,
           to
           be
           performed
           commonly
           in
           30
           
           or
           35
           daies
           .
           The
           coast
           faire
           ,
           with
           safe
           roads
           and
           harbors
           for
           ships
           :
           
           Many
           riuers
           .
        
         
           These
           lands
           be
           faire
           and
           pleasant
           ,
           
           resembling
           France
           ,
           intermedled
           with
           mountaines
           ,
           valleys
           ,
           medowes
           ,
           woodlands
           ,
           and
           champians
           .
           The
           soile
           is
           excéeding
           strong
           ,
           by
           reason
           it
           was
           neuer
           manured
           ;
           and
           will
           be
           therefore
           most
           fit
           to
           beare
           at
           first
           ,
           Rape-séeds
           ,
           Hempe
           ,
           Flax
           ,
           and
           whatsoeuer
           els
           requireth
           such
           strong
           soile
           .
           Rape-oiles
           ,
           
           and
           all
           sorts
           of
           oiles
           ,
           will
           be
           very
           commodious
           for
           England
           ,
           which
           spendeth
           oiles
           aboundantly
           about
           Clothing
           and
           Leather-dressing
           .
           In
           like
           sort
           ,
           Hempe
           and
           Flax
           are
           profitable
           ,
           whether
           the
           same
           be
           sent
           into
           England
           ,
           or
           wrought
           there
           by
           our
           people
           ;
           Oad
           also
           will
           grow
           there
           aswell
           or
           better
           then
           in
           Terçera
           .
        
         
           The
           Saluages
           weare
           faire
           colours
           in
           some
           of
           their
           atire
           ,
           whereby
           we
           hope
           to
           finde
           rich
           dies
           
           and
           colours
           for
           painting
           .
        
         
           The
           trées
           are
           for
           the
           most
           part
           ,
           Cedars
           ,
           Pines
           ,
           Spruse
           ,
           Firre
           and
           Oaks
           to
           the
           Northward
           .
           Of
           these
           trées
           will
           be
           drawen
           Tarre
           and
           Pitch
           ,
           Rosen
           ,
           Turpentine
           ,
           and
           Soape-ashes
           :
           They
           will
           make
           masts
           for
           the
           greatest
           shippes
           of
           the
           world
           :
           Excellent
           timbers
           of
           Cedar
           ,
           and
           boords
           for
           curious
           building
           .
        
         
           The
           cliffes
           vpon
           the
           coasts
           and
           mountaines
           euery
           where
           shew
           great
           likelihood
           of
           Minerals
           .
           
           A
           very
           rich
           mine
           of
           Copper
           
           is
           found
           ,
           whereof
           I
           haue
           séene
           proofe
           ;
           and
           the
           place
           described
           .
           Not
           farre
           from
           which
           there
           is
           great
           hope
           also
           of
           a
           Siluer
           mine
           .
           There
           be
           faire
           quarries
           of
           stone
           ,
           of
           beautifull
           colours
           ,
           for
           buildings
           .
        
         
           The
           ground
           bringeth
           forth
           ,
           without
           industrie
           ,
           Pease
           ,
           Roses
           ,
           Grapes
           ,
           
           Hempe
           ,
           besides
           other
           plants
           ,
           fruits
           ,
           herbs
           and
           flowers
           ,
           whose
           pleasant
           view
           and
           delectable
           smelles
           ,
           doe
           demonstrate
           sufficiently
           the
           fertility
           and
           swéetnesse
           of
           that
           soile
           and
           aire
           .
        
         
           Beasts
           
           of
           many
           kindes
           ;
           some
           of
           the
           bignesse
           of
           an
           Oxe
           ,
           whose
           hides
           make
           good
           buffe
           :
           Déere
           ,
           both
           red
           and
           of
           other
           sorts
           in
           aboundance
           :
           Luzerns
           ,
           Marterns
           ,
           Sables
           ,
           Beauers
           ,
           Beares
           ,
           Otters
           ,
           Wolues
           ,
           Foxes
           ,
           and
           Squirrels
           ,
           which
           to
           the
           Northward
           are
           blacke
           ,
           and
           accounted
           very
           rich
           furres
           .
        
         
           Fowles
           
           both
           of
           the
           water
           and
           land
           ,
           infinit
           store
           and
           varietie
           ;
           Hawks
           both
           short
           and
           long
           winged
           ,
           Partriges
           in
           abundance
           ,
           
           which
           are
           verie
           great
           ,
           and
           easily
           taken
           .
           Birds
           great
           and
           small
           ,
           some
           like
           vnto
           our
           Blacke-birds
           ,
           others
           like
           Canarie-birds
           :
           And
           many
           (
           as
           well
           birds
           as
           other
           creatures
           )
           strange
           and
           differing
           from
           ours
           of
           Europe
           .
        
         
           Fish
           ,
           namely
           ,
           Cods
           ,
           which
           as
           we
           encline
           more
           vnto
           the
           South
           ,
           are
           more
           large
           and
           vendible
           for
           England
           and
           France
           ,
           then
           the
           Newland
           fish
           .
           Whales
           and
           Seales
           in
           great
           abundances
           .
           Oiles
           of
           them
           are
           rich
           commodities
           for
           England
           ,
           whereof
           we
           now
           make
           Soape
           ,
           besides
           many
           other
           vses
           .
           Item
           ,
           Tunneys
           ,
           Anchoues
           ,
           Bonits
           ,
           Salmons
           ,
           Lobsters
           ,
           Oisters
           hauing
           Pearle
           ,
           and
           infinit
           other
           sorts
           of
           fish
           ,
           which
           are
           more
           plentifull
           vpon
           those
           Northwest
           coasts
           of
           America
           ,
           than
           in
           any
           parts
           of
           the
           knowen
           world
           .
           Salt
           is
           reported
           to
           be
           found
           there
           ,
           which
           els
           may
           be
           made
           there
           ,
           to
           serue
           sufficiently
           for
           all
           fishing
           .
        
         
           So
           as
           the
           commodities
           
           there
           to
           be
           raised
           both
           of
           the
           sea
           and
           land
           (
           after
           that
           we
           haue
           planted
           our
           people
           skilfull
           and
           industrious
           )
           will
           be
           ,
           Fish
           ,
           Whale
           and
           Seale
           oiles
           ,
           Soape
           ashes
           and
           Soape
           ,
           Tarre
           and
           Pitch
           ,
           Rosen
           and
           Turpentine
           ,
           Masts
           ,
           Timber
           and
           boords
           of
           Cedars
           ,
           Firres
           ,
           and
           Pines
           ,
           Hempe
           ,
           Flaxe
           ,
           Cables
           and
           Ropes
           ,
           Saile-clothes
           ,
           Grapes
           ,
           and
           Raisens
           and
           Wines
           ,
           Corne
           ,
           Rape-séeds
           &
           oiles
           ,
           Hides
           ,
           Skinnes
           ,
           Furres
           ,
           Dies
           and
           Colours
           for
           painting
           ,
           Pearle
           ,
           Mettals
           ,
           and
           other
           Minerals
           .
        
         
           These
           commodities
           before
           rehearsed
           ,
           
           albeit
           for
           the
           most
           part
           they
           be
           grosse
           ,
           yet
           are
           the
           same
           profitable
           for
           the
           State
           of
           England
           specially
           ,
           aswell
           in
           regard
           of
           the
           vse
           of
           such
           commodities
           ,
           as
           for
           the
           imploiment
           also
           of
           our
           people
           and
           ships
           ;
           the
           want
           whereof
           ,
           doth
           decay
           our
           townes
           and
           ports
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           causeth
           the
           realme
           to
           swarme
           full
           with
           poore
           and
           idle
           people
           .
        
         
           These
           commodities
           in
           like
           sort
           ,
           
           are
           of
           great
           vse
           and
           estimation
           in
           all
           the
           South
           and
           Westerne
           countreys
           of
           Europe
           ;
           namely
           ,
           
             Italie
             ,
             France
          
           and
           Spaine
           :
           for
           the
           which
           all
           nations
           that
           haue
           béene
           accustomed
           to
           repaire
           vnto
           the
           Newfound-land
           for
           the
           commoditie
           of
           fish
           and
           oiles
           alone
           ,
           will
           henceforward
           forsake
           the
           Newfound-land
           ,
           and
           trade
           with
           vs
           ,
           when
           once
           we
           haue
           planted
           people
           in
           those
           parts
           :
           by
           whose
           industrie
           shall
           be
           prouided
           for
           all
           commers
           ,
           both
           fish
           and
           oiles
           ,
           
           and
           many
           commodities
           besides
           ,
           of
           good
           importance
           &
           value
           .
        
         
           Then
           will
           the
           Spaniards
           and
           Portugals
           bring
           vnto
           vs
           in
           exchange
           of
           such
           commodites
           before
           mentioned
           ,
           
           Wines
           ,
           Swéet
           oiles
           ,
           Fruits
           ,
           Spices
           ,
           Sugars
           ,
           Silks
           ,
           Gold
           and
           Siluer
           ,
           or
           whatsoeuer
           that
           Europe
           yéeldeth
           ,
           to
           supply
           our
           necessities
           ,
           and
           to
           increase
           our
           delights
           .
        
         
           For
           which
           Spanish
           commodities
           and
           other
           sorts
           likewise
           ,
           
           our
           merchants
           of
           England
           will
           bring
           vnto
           vs
           againe
           ,
           Cloth
           ,
           Cattell
           ,
           for
           our
           store
           and
           bréed
           ,
           and
           euery
           thing
           els
           that
           we
           shall
           néed
           ,
           or
           that
           England
           shall
           haply
           exchange
           for
           such
           commodities
           .
        
         
           By
           this
           intercourse
           ,
           
           our
           habitations
           will
           be
           made
           a
           Staple
           of
           all
           vendible
           commodities
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           and
           a
           meanes
           to
           vent
           a
           very
           great
           quantitie
           of
           our
           English
           cloth
           into
           all
           the
           cold
           regions
           of
           America
           extended
           very
           farre
           .
        
         
           This
           intercourse
           also
           will
           be
           soone
           drawen
           together
           by
           this
           reason
           :
           
           That
           néere
           adioining
           vpon
           the
           same
           coasts
           of
           New-found-land
           ,
           is
           the
           greatest
           fishing
           of
           the
           world
           ;
           whether
           doe
           yéerely
           repaire
           about
           400
           sailes
           of
           ships
           ,
           for
           no
           other
           commoditie
           than
           Fish
           and
           Whale-oiles
           .
           Then
           forasmuch
           as
           merchants
           ar
           diligent
           inquisitours
           after
           gaines
           ,
           they
           will
           soone
           remooue
           their
           trade
           from
           Newfound-land
           vnto
           vs
           néere
           at
           hand
           ,
           for
           so
           great
           increase
           of
           gaine
           as
           they
           shall
           make
           by
           trading
           with
           vs.
           
           For
           whereas
           the
           voyage
           vnto
           the
           Newfound-land
           is
           into
           a
           more
           cold
           and
           intemperate
           place
           ,
           not
           to
           be
           traded
           nor
           frequented
           at
           all
           times
           ,
           nor
           fortified
           for
           securitie
           of
           the
           ships
           and
           goods
           ;
           oft
           spoiled
           by
           pirats
           or
           men
           of
           warre
           ;
           the
           charges
           great
           for
           salt
           ;
           double
           manning
           and
           double
           victualling
           their
           ships
           ,
           in
           regard
           that
           the
           labor
           is
           great
           and
           the
           time
           long
           ,
           before
           their
           lading
           can
           be
           made
           readie
           :
           they
           cary
           outwards
           no
           commodities
           for
           fraight
           ;
           and
           after
           sixe
           moneths
           voyage
           ,
           their
           returne
           is
           made
           but
           of
           Fish
           and
           Oiles
           .
        
         
           Contrariwise
           ,
           
           by
           trading
           with
           vs
           at
           our
           intended
           place
           ,
           the
           course
           shal
           be
           in
           a
           maner
           as
           short
           ;
           into
           a
           more
           temperate
           and
           healthfull
           climat
           ;
           at
           all
           times
           of
           the
           yéere
           to
           be
           traded
           ;
           harbors
           fortified
           to
           secure
           ships
           and
           goods
           ;
           charges
           abridged
           of
           salt
           ,
           victualling
           and
           manning
           ships
           double
           :
           because
           lading
           shall
           be
           prouided
           vnto
           their
           hands
           at
           a
           more
           easie
           rate
           than
           themselues
           could
           make
           it
           .
           They
           shall
           carry
           fraight
           also
           outward
           ,
           
           to
           make
           exchange
           with
           vs
           ;
           and
           so
           get
           profit
           both
           waies
           :
           and
           then
           euery
           foure
           moneths
           they
           may
           make
           a
           voyage
           and
           returne
           ,
           of
           both
           fish
           and
           oiles
           ,
           and
           many
           other
           commodities
           of
           good
           worth
           .
        
         
           These
           reasons
           aduisedly
           waighed
           ,
           
           shall
           make
           our
           enterprise
           appeare
           easie
           ,
           and
           the
           most
           profitable
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           for
           our
           nation
           to
           vndertake
           .
           The
           reasons
           we
           chiefly
           relie
           vpon
           are
           these
           ,
           namely
           .
        
         
           
             1
             Those
             lands
             which
             we
             intend
             to
             inhabit
             ,
             shall
             minister
             vnto
             our
             people
             ,
             the
             subiect
             and
             matter
             of
             many
             notable
             commodities
             .
          
           
             2
             England
             shall
             affoord
             vs
             people
             both
             men
             ,
             women
             and
             children
             aboue
             10000
             ,
             which
             may
             very
             happily
             be
             spared
             from
             hence
             to
             worke
             those
             commodities
             there
             .
          
           
             3
             Newfound-land
             shall
             minister
             shipping
             to
             carrie
             away
             all
             our
             commodities
             ,
             and
             to
             bring
             others
             vnto
             vs
             againe
             for
             our
             supplie
             .
          
        
         
           Now
           two
           of
           these
           reasons
           are
           already
           effected
           vnto
           our
           hands
           :
           
           that
           is
           to
           say
           :
           The
           place
           where
           we
           shall
           finde
           rich
           commodities
           ,
           and
           ships
           to
           vent
           them
           .
           It
           remaineth
           onely
           for
           our
           parts
           ,
           to
           carrie
           and
           transport
           people
           with
           their
           prouisions
           from
           England
           ,
           where
           the
           miserie
           and
           necessitie
           of
           manie
           crie
           out
           for
           such
           helpe
           and
           reliefe
           .
        
         
           This
           considered
           ,
           
           no
           nation
           of
           Christendom
           is
           so
           fit
           for
           this
           action
           as
           England
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           our
           superfluous
           people
           (
           as
           I
           may
           tearme
           them
           )
           and
           of
           our
           long
           domesticall
           peace
           .
           And
           after
           that
           we
           be
           once
           200
           men
           strong
           ,
           victualled
           and
           fortified
           ,
           we
           can
           not
           be
           remooued
           by
           as
           many
           thousands
           .
        
         
           For
           besides
           that
           ,
           we
           haue
           séene
           both
           in
           France
           and
           the
           Low-countreys
           ,
           where
           200
           men
           well
           fortified
           and
           victualled
           ,
           haue
           kept
           out
           the
           forces
           both
           of
           the
           French
           &
           Spanish
           kings
           ,
           euen
           within
           their
           owne
           kingdomes
           :
           it
           shall
           be
           also
           a
           matter
           of
           great
           difficulty
           ,
           to
           transport
           an
           army
           ouer
           the
           Ocean
           with
           victuals
           and
           munition
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           to
           abide
           long
           siege
           abroad
           ,
           against
           vs
           fortified
           within
           ,
           where
           the
           very
           elements
           and
           famine
           shall
           fight
           for
           vs
           ,
           though
           we
           should
           lie
           still
           and
           defend
           onely
           .
        
         
         
           The
           Saluages
           neither
           in
           this
           attempt
           shall
           hurt
           vs
           ,
           they
           being
           simple
           ,
           
           naked
           and
           vnarmed
           ,
           destitute
           of
           edge-tooles
           or
           weapons
           ;
           whereby
           they
           are
           vnable
           either
           to
           defend
           thēselues
           or
           to
           offend
           vs
           :
           neither
           is
           it
           our
           intent
           to
           prouoke
           ,
           but
           to
           cherrish
           and
           win
           them
           vnto
           Christianitie
           by
           faire
           meanes
           ;
           yet
           not
           to
           trust
           them
           too
           far
           ,
           but
           to
           prouide
           against
           all
           accidents
           .
        
         
           Then
           to
           conclude
           ,
           as
           we
           of
           all
           other
           nations
           are
           most
           fit
           for
           a
           discouery
           and
           planting
           in
           remote
           places
           ;
           euen
           so
           ,
           vnder
           the
           heauens
           there
           is
           no
           place
           to
           be
           found
           so
           conuenient
           for
           such
           a
           purpose
           ;
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           temperature
           ,
           commodities
           ,
           apt
           site
           for
           trade
           ,
           &
           repaire
           thither
           already
           of
           so
           many
           ships
           ,
           which
           in
           any
           other
           frequented
           countrey
           ,
           can
           not
           be
           procured
           in
           a
           mans
           age
           ,
           nor
           with
           expense
           of
           halfe
           a
           million
           .
        
         
           So
           as
           the
           onely
           difficultie
           now
           ,
           
           is
           in
           our
           first
           preparation
           to
           transport
           some
           few
           people
           at
           the
           beginning
           ;
           the
           charges
           whereof
           shall
           be
           defraied
           by
           our
           first
           returne
           ,
           of
           fish
           and
           some
           commodities
           of
           Sassafras
           ,
           Hides
           ,
           Skinnes
           and
           Furres
           ,
           which
           we
           shall
           also
           haue
           by
           trading
           with
           the
           Saluages
           .
           The
           proofe
           of
           which
           commodities
           shall
           incourage
           our
           merchants
           to
           venter
           largely
           in
           the
           next
           .
           The
           supplie
           shall
           easily
           and
           continually
           be
           sent
           by
           ships
           ,
           which
           yéerely
           goe
           from
           hence
           vnto
           the
           Newfound-land
           and
           vs
           ;
           and
           the
           intercourse
           &
           exchange
           we
           shall
           haue
           with
           all
           nations
           repairing
           thither
           ,
           shall
           store
           vs
           with
           aboundance
           of
           all
           things
           for
           our
           necessities
           and
           delightes
           .
           
           Which
           reasons
           if
           they
           had
           béene
           foreséene
           of
           them
           that
           planted
           in
           the
           South
           part
           of
           Virginia
           (
           which
           is
           a
           place
           destitute
           of
           good
           harbours
           ,
           and
           farre
           from
           all
           trade
           )
           no
           doubt
           but
           if
           they
           had
           settled
           neerer
           vnto
           this
           frequented
           trade
           in
           the
           Newfound-land
           ,
           they
           had
           by
           this
           time
           béene
           a
           flourishing
           State
           ,
           and
           plentifull
           in
           all
           things
           ;
           who
           also
           might
           then
           haue
           made
           way
           into
           the
           bowels
           of
           that
           large
           continent
           ,
           where
           assuredly
           we
           shall
           discouer
           very
           goodly
           and
           rich
           kingdomes
           and
           cities
           .
        
         
           It
           may
           also
           séeme
           a
           matter
           of
           great
           consequence
           for
           the
           good
           and
           securitie
           of
           England
           ;
           that
           out
           of
           these
           Northerly
           regions
           we
           shall
           be
           able
           to
           furnish
           this
           realme
           of
           all
           maner
           of
           prouisions
           for
           our
           nauies
           ;
           namely
           ,
           Pitch
           ,
           Rosen
           ,
           Cables
           ,
           
           Ropes
           ,
           Masts
           ,
           and
           such
           like
           ;
           which
           shall
           be
           made
           within
           those
           her
           Maiesties
           owne
           dominions
           ,
           by
           her
           owne
           subiects
           ,
           
           and
           brought
           hither
           thorow
           the
           Ocean
           ,
           frée
           from
           restraint
           of
           any
           other
           prince
           ;
           whereby
           the
           customes
           and
           charges
           bestowed
           by
           our
           merchants
           (
           to
           the
           inriching
           of
           forren
           Estates
           )
           shall
           be
           lessened
           ,
           and
           turned
           to
           the
           benefit
           of
           her
           Highnesse
           and
           her
           deputies
           in
           those
           parts
           :
           which
           also
           shall
           deliuer
           our
           merchants
           from
           many
           troubles
           &
           molestations
           which
           they
           now
           vnwillingly
           indure
           in
           our
           East
           trades
           ;
           and
           shall
           make
           vs
           the
           lesse
           to
           doubt
           the
           malice
           of
           those
           States
           whom
           now
           we
           may
           not
           offend
           ,
           lest
           we
           should
           be
           intercepted
           of
           the
           same
           prouisions
           ,
           to
           the
           weakening
           of
           our
           nauie
           ,
           the
           most
           roiall
           defence
           of
           this
           noble
           realme
           .
        
         
           
             Of
             a
             conuenient
             passage
             and
             trade
             into
             the
             South
             Sea
             ,
             vnder
             temperate
             regions
             part
             by
             riuers
             ,
             and
             some
             part
             ouer
             land
             ,
             in
             the
             continent
             of
             America
             .
          
           
             Neither
             vpon
             the
             discoueries
             of
             
               Iaques
               Noel
            
             ,
             who
             hauing
             passed
             beyond
             the
             thrée
             Saults
             ,
             where
             
               Iaques
               Carrier
            
             left
             to
             discouer
             ,
             finding
             the
             riuer
             of
             
               S.
               Laurence
            
             passable
             on
             the
             other
             side
             or
             branch
             ;
             and
             afterwards
             ,
             vnderstood
             of
             the
             inhabitants
             ,
             that
             the
             same
             riuer
             did
             lead
             into
             a
             mighty
             lake
             ,
             which
             at
             
             the
             entrance
             was
             fresh
             ,
             but
             beyond
             ,
             was
             bitter
             or
             salt
             ;
             the
             end
             whereof
             was
             vnknowen
             .
          
           
             Omitting
             therefore
             these
             hopes
             ,
             I
             will
             ground
             my
             opinion
             vpon
             reason
             and
             nature
             ,
             which
             will
             not
             faile
             .
          
           
             For
             this
             we
             know
             alreadie
             ,
             that
             great
             riuers
             haue
             béene
             discouered
             a
             thousand
             English
             miles
             into
             that
             continent
             of
             America
             ;
             namely
             ,
             that
             of
             
               S.
               Laurence
            
             or
             Canada
             .
             But
             not
             regarding
             miles
             more
             or
             lesse
             ,
             most
             assuredly
             ,
             that
             and
             other
             knowen
             riuers
             there
             doe
             descend
             from
             the
             highest
             parts
             or
             mountaines
             ,
             or
             middle
             of
             that
             continent
             ,
             into
             our
             North
             sea
             .
             And
             like
             as
             those
             mountains
             doe
             cast
             from
             them
             ,
             
             streames
             into
             our
             North
             seas
             ;
             euen
             so
             the
             like
             they
             doe
             into
             the
             South
             sea
             ,
             which
             is
             on
             the
             backe
             of
             that
             continent
             .
          
           
             For
             all
             mountaines
             haue
             their
             descents
             toward
             the
             seas
             about
             them
             ,
             which
             are
             the
             lowest
             places
             and
             proper
             mansions
             of
             water
             :
             and
             waters
             (
             which
             are
             contained
             in
             the
             mountaines
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             in
             cisternes
             )
             descending
             naturally
             ,
             doe
             alwaies
             resort
             vnto
             the
             seas
             inuironing
             those
             lands
             :
             for
             example
             ;
             From
             the
             Alps
             confining
             
               Germanie
               ,
               France
            
             ,
             and
             Italie
             ,
             the
             mighty
             riuer
             Danubie
             doth
             take
             his
             course
             East
             ,
             and
             dischargeth
             into
             the
             Pontique
             sea
             :
             the
             Rhine
             ,
             North
             ,
             and
             falleth
             into
             the
             Germane
             sea
             :
             the
             Rhosne
             ,
             West
             ,
             and
             goeth
             into
             the
             Mediterran
             sea
             :
             the
             Po
             ,
             South
             ,
             is
             emptied
             into
             the
             Adriatick
             or
             gulfe
             of
             Venice
             .
             other
             instances
             may
             be
             produced
             to
             like
             effect
             in
             Africk
             ;
             yea
             ,
             at
             home
             amongst
             the
             mountaines
             in
             England
             .
          
           
             Seeing
             then
             in
             nature
             this
             can
             not
             be
             denied
             ,
             and
             by
             experience
             elsewhere
             is
             found
             to
             be
             so
             ,
             I
             will
             shew
             how
             a
             trade
             may
             be
             disposed
             more
             commodiously
             into
             the
             South
             sea
             thorow
             these
             temperate
             and
             habitable
             regions
             ,
             than
             by
             the
             frozen
             Zones
             in
             the
             supposed
             passages
             of
             Northwest
             or
             Northeast
             :
             where
             ,
             if
             the
             very
             moment
             be
             omitted
             of
             the
             time
             to
             passe
             ,
             then
             are
             we
             like
             to
             be
             frozen
             in
             the
             seas
             ,
             or
             forced
             to
             Winter
             in
             extreame
             cold
             and
             darkenesse
             like
             vnto
             hell
             :
             or
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             Summer
             ,
             we
             shal
             be
             in
             perill
             to
             haue
             our
             ships
             ouerwhelmed
             or
             crusht
             in
             pieces
             by
             hideous
             and
             fearefull
             mountaines
             of
             yce
             floting
             vpon
             those
             seas
             .
          
           
             Therefore
             foure
             Staple-places
             must
             be
             erected
             ,
             when
             the
             most
             short
             and
             passable
             way
             is
             found
             :
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             two
             
             vpon
             the
             North
             side
             ,
             at
             the
             head
             and
             fall
             of
             the
             riuer
             ;
             and
             two
             others
             on
             the
             South
             side
             ,
             at
             the
             head
             and
             fall
             also
             of
             that
             other
             riuer
             .
          
           
             Prouided
             ,
             that
             ships
             may
             passe
             vp
             those
             riuers
             vnto
             the
             Staples
             ,
             so
             farre
             as
             the
             same
             be
             nauigable
             into
             the
             land
             ;
             and
             afterwards
             ,
             that
             boats
             with
             flat
             bottomes
             may
             also
             passe
             so
             high
             and
             néere
             the
             heads
             of
             the
             riuers
             vnto
             the
             Staples
             ,
             as
             possibly
             they
             can
             ,
             euen
             with
             lesse
             than
             two
             foot
             water
             ,
             which
             can
             not
             then
             be
             far
             from
             the
             heads
             ;
             as
             in
             the
             riuer
             of
             Chagre
             .
          
           
             That
             necke
             or
             space
             of
             land
             betwéene
             the
             two
             heads
             of
             the
             said
             riuers
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             100
             leagues
             (
             which
             is
             not
             like
             )
             the
             commodities
             from
             the
             North
             and
             from
             the
             South
             sea
             brought
             thither
             ,
             may
             wel
             be
             carried
             ouer
             the
             same
             vpon
             horses
             ,
             mules
             or
             beasts
             of
             that
             countrey
             apt
             to
             labour
             (
             as
             the
             elke
             or
             buffel
             )
             or
             by
             the
             aid
             of
             many
             Saluages
             accustomed
             to
             burdens
             ;
             who
             shall
             stead
             vs
             greatly
             in
             these
             affaires
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             moreouer
             to
             be
             considered
             ,
             that
             all
             these
             countreys
             do
             yéeld
             (
             so
             farre
             as
             is
             knowen
             )
             Cedars
             ,
             Pines
             ,
             Firre
             trées
             and
             Oaks
             ,
             to
             build
             ,
             mast
             ,
             and
             yeard
             ships
             ;
             wherefore
             we
             may
             not
             doubt
             ,
             but
             that
             ships
             may
             be
             builded
             on
             the
             South
             sea
             .
          
           
             Then
             as
             ships
             on
             the
             South
             side
             may
             goe
             and
             returne
             to
             and
             from
             
               Cathay
               ,
               China
            
             ,
             and
             other
             most
             rich
             regions
             of
             the
             East
             world
             in
             fiue
             moneths
             or
             thereabouts
             ;
             euen
             so
             the
             goods
             being
             carried
             ouer
             vnto
             the
             North
             side
             ,
             ships
             may
             come
             thither
             from
             England
             to
             fetch
             the
             same
             goods
             ,
             and
             returne
             by
             a
             voyage
             of
             foure
             or
             fiue
             moneths
             vsually
             .
          
           
             So
             as
             in
             euery
             foure
             moneths
             may
             be
             returned
             into
             England
             the
             greatest
             riches
             of
             
               Cathay
               ,
               China
               ,
               Iapan
            
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             which
             will
             be
             Spices
             ,
             Drugges
             ,
             Muske
             ,
             Pearle
             ,
             Stones
             ,
             Gold
             ,
             Siluer
             ,
             Silks
             ,
             Clothes
             of
             gold
             ,
             &
             all
             maner
             of
             precious
             things
             ,
             which
             shall
             recompense
             the
             time
             and
             labour
             of
             their
             transportation
             and
             carriage
             ,
             if
             it
             were
             as
             farre
             and
             dangerous
             as
             the
             Moores
             trade
             is
             from
             Fess
             and
             Marocco
             (
             ouer
             the
             burning
             and
             moueable
             sands
             ,
             in
             which
             they
             perish
             many
             times
             ,
             and
             suffer
             commonly
             great
             distresses
             )
             vnto
             the
             riuer
             called
             Niger
             in
             Africa
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             ,
             vp
             the
             said
             riuer
             manie
             hundred
             miles
             ;
             afterwards
             ouer-land
             againe
             ,
             vnto
             the
             riuer
             Nilus
             ;
             and
             so
             vnto
             Cairo
             in
             Egypt
             ,
             from
             whence
             they
             returne
             the
             way
             they
             came
             .
          
           
           
             Or
             if
             it
             were
             a
             voyage
             so
             farre
             as
             our
             merchants
             haue
             made
             into
             Persia
             ,
             euen
             to
             Ormus
             ,
             by
             the
             way
             of
             the
             North
             ,
             through
             Russia
             into
             the
             Caspian
             sea
             ,
             and
             so
             foorth
             ,
             with
             paiment
             of
             many
             tolles
             .
             But
             this
             passage
             ouer
             and
             thorow
             the
             continent
             of
             America
             ,
             as
             the
             same
             shall
             be
             alwaies
             vnder
             temperate
             and
             habitable
             climats
             ,
             and
             a
             pleasant
             passage
             after
             it
             hath
             béene
             a
             little
             frequented
             :
             euen
             so
             it
             must
             fall
             out
             much
             shorter
             than
             it
             séemeth
             ,
             by
             false
             description
             of
             that
             continent
             ,
             which
             doth
             not
             extend
             so
             farre
             into
             the
             West
             ,
             as
             by
             later
             nauigations
             is
             found
             and
             described
             in
             more
             exquisit
             charts
             .
             Besides
             that
             ,
             the
             sea
             extends
             it selfe
             into
             the
             land
             very
             farre
             in
             many
             places
             on
             the
             South
             side
             ;
             whereby
             our
             accesse
             vnto
             the
             South
             ocean
             ,
             shall
             be
             by
             so
             much
             the
             shorter
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           Inducements
           to
           the
           liking
           of
           the
           voyage
           intended
           towards
           Virginia
           in
           40.
           and
           42.
           degrees
           of
           latitude
           ,
           written
           1585.
           by
           M.
           Richard
           Hakluyt
           the
           elder
           ,
           sometime
           student
           of
           the
           Middle
           Temple
           .
        
         
           THe
           glory
           of
           God
           by
           planting
           of
           religion
           among
           those
           infidels
           .
        
         
           2
           The
           increase
           of
           the
           force
           of
           the
           Christians
           .
        
         
           3
           The
           possibilitie
           of
           the
           inlarging
           of
           the
           dominions
           of
           the
           Quéenes
           most
           excellent
           Maiestie
           ,
           and
           consequently
           of
           her
           honour
           ,
           reuenues
           ,
           and
           of
           her
           power
           by
           this
           enterprise
           .
        
         
           4
           An
           ample
           vent
           in
           time
           to
           come
           of
           the
           Woollen
           clothes
           of
           England
           ,
           especially
           those
           of
           the
           coursest
           sorts
           ,
           to
           the
           maintenance
           of
           our
           poore
           ,
           that
           els
           sterue
           or
           become
           burdensome
           to
           the
           realme
           :
           and
           vent
           also
           of
           sundry
           our
           commodities
           vpon
           the
           tract
           of
           that
           firme
           land
           ,
           and
           possibly
           in
           other
           regions
           from
           the
           Northerne
           side
           of
           that
           maine
           .
        
         
           5
           A
           great
           possibilitie
           of
           further
           discoueries
           of
           other
           regions
           from
           the
           North
           part
           of
           the
           same
           land
           by
           sea
           ,
           and
           of
           vnspeakable
           honor
           and
           benefit
           that
           may
           rise
           vpon
           the
           same
           ,
           by
           the
           trades
           to
           ensue
           in
           
             Iapan
             ,
             China
          
           ,
           and
           Cathay
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           6
           By
           returne
           thence
           ,
           this
           realme
           shall
           receiue
           (
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           situation
           of
           the
           climate
           ,
           and
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           excellent
           soile
           )
           Oade
           ,
           Oile
           ,
           Wines
           ,
           Hops
           ,
           Salt
           ,
           and
           most
           or
           all
           the
           commodities
           that
           we
           receiue
           from
           the
           best
           parts
           of
           Europe
           ,
           and
           we
           shall
           receiue
           the
           same
           better
           cheape
           ,
           than
           now
           we
           receiue
           them
           ,
           as
           we
           may
           vse
           the
           matter
           .
        
         
           7
           Receiuing
           the
           same
           thence
           ,
           the
           nauie
           ,
           the
           humane
           strength
           of
           this
           realme
           ,
           our
           merchants
           and
           their
           goods
           shal
           not
           be
           subiect
           to
           arrest
           of
           ancient
           enemies
           &
           doubtfull
           friends
           ,
           as
           of
           late
           yéeres
           they
           haue
           béene
           .
        
         
         
           8
           If
           our
           nation
           do
           not
           make
           any
           conquest
           there
           ,
           but
           only
           vse
           trafficke
           and
           change
           of
           commodities
           ,
           yet
           by
           meane
           the
           countrey
           is
           not
           very
           mightie
           ,
           but
           diuided
           into
           pety
           kingdoms
           ,
           they
           shall
           not
           dare
           to
           offer
           vs
           any
           great
           annoy
           ,
           but
           such
           as
           we
           may
           easily
           reuenge
           with
           sufficient
           chastisement
           to
           the
           vnarmed
           people
           there
           .
        
         
           9
           Whatsoeuer
           commodities
           we
           receiue
           by
           the
           Stéelyard
           merchants
           ,
           or
           by
           our
           owne
           merchants
           from
           Eastland
           ,
           be
           it
           Flaxe
           ,
           Hempe
           ,
           Pitch
           ,
           Tarre
           ,
           Masts
           ,
           Clap-boord
           ,
           Wainscot
           ,
           or
           such
           like
           ;
           the
           like
           good
           may
           we
           receiue
           from
           the
           North
           and
           Northeast
           part
           of
           that
           countrey
           néere
           vnto
           
             Cape
             Briton
          
           ,
           in
           returne
           for
           our
           course
           Woollen
           clothes
           ,
           Flanels
           and
           Rugges
           fit
           for
           those
           colder
           regions
           .
        
         
           10
           The
           passage
           to
           and
           fro
           ,
           is
           thorow
           the
           maine
           Ocean
           sea
           ,
           so
           as
           we
           are
           not
           in
           danger
           of
           any
           enemies
           coast
           .
        
         
           11
           In
           the
           voyage
           ,
           we
           are
           not
           to
           crosse
           the
           burnt
           Zone
           ,
           nor
           to
           passe
           thorow
           frozen
           seas
           encombred
           with
           ice
           and
           fogs
           ,
           but
           in
           temperate
           climate
           at
           all
           times
           of
           the
           yéere
           :
           and
           it
           requireth
           not
           ,
           as
           the
           
             East
             Indie
          
           voiage
           doth
           ,
           the
           taking
           in
           of
           water
           in
           diuers
           places
           ,
           by
           reason
           that
           it
           is
           to
           be
           sailed
           in
           fiue
           or
           six
           wéeks
           :
           and
           by
           the
           shortnesse
           ,
           the
           merchant
           may
           yéerely
           make
           two
           returnes
           (
           a
           factory
           once
           being
           erected
           there
           )
           a
           matter
           in
           trade
           of
           great
           moment
           .
        
         
           12
           In
           this
           trade
           by
           the
           way
           in
           our
           passe
           to
           and
           fro
           ,
           we
           haue
           in
           tempests
           and
           other
           haps
           ,
           all
           the
           ports
           of
           Ireland
           to
           our
           aid
           ,
           and
           no
           néere
           coast
           or
           any
           enemy
           .
        
         
           13
           By
           this
           ordinary
           trade
           we
           may
           annoy
           the
           enemies
           to
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           succour
           the
           Quéenes
           Maiesties
           friends
           there
           ,
           and
           in
           time
           we
           may
           from
           Virginia
           yéeld
           them
           whatsoeuer
           commoditie
           they
           now
           receiue
           from
           the
           Spaniard
           ;
           and
           so
           the
           Spaniards
           shall
           want
           the
           ordinary
           victual
           that
           heertofore
           they
           receiued
           yéerely
           from
           thence
           ,
           and
           so
           they
           shall
           not
           continue
           trade
           ,
           nor
           fall
           so
           aptly
           in
           practise
           against
           this
           gouernment
           ,
           as
           now
           by
           their
           trade
           thither
           they
           may
           .
        
         
           14
           We
           shall
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           thought
           ,
           enioy
           in
           this
           voyage
           ,
           either
           some
           small
           Islands
           to
           settle
           on
           ,
           or
           some
           one
           place
           or
           other
           on
           the
           firme
           land
           to
           fortifie
           for
           the
           saftie
           of
           our
           ships
           ,
           our
           men
           ,
           and
           our
           goods
           ,
           the
           like
           whereof
           we
           haue
           not
           in
           any
           forren
           place
           of
           our
           trafficke
           ,
           in
           which
           respect
           we
           may
           be
           in
           degrée
           of
           
           more
           safetie
           ,
           and
           more
           quiet
           .
        
         
           15
           The
           great
           plentie
           of
           Buffe
           hides
           ,
           and
           of
           many
           other
           sundry
           kinds
           of
           hides
           there
           now
           presently
           to
           be
           had
           ,
           the
           trade
           of
           Whale
           and
           Seale
           fishing
           ,
           and
           of
           diuers
           other
           fishings
           in
           the
           great
           riuers
           ,
           great
           bayes
           ,
           and
           seas
           there
           ,
           shall
           presently
           defray
           the
           charge
           in
           good
           part
           or
           in
           all
           of
           the
           first
           enterprise
           ,
           and
           so
           we
           shall
           be
           in
           better
           case
           than
           our
           men
           were
           in
           Russia
           ,
           where
           many
           yéeres
           were
           spent
           ,
           and
           great
           summes
           of
           money
           consumed
           ,
           before
           gaine
           was
           sound
           .
        
         
           16
           The
           great
           broad
           riuers
           of
           that
           maine
           that
           we
           are
           to
           enter
           into
           so
           many
           leagues
           nauigable
           or
           portable
           into
           the
           maine
           land
           ,
           lying
           so
           long
           a
           tract
           with
           so
           excellent
           and
           so
           fertile
           a
           soile
           on
           both
           sides
           ,
           doe
           séeme
           to
           promise
           all
           things
           that
           the
           life
           of
           man
           doth
           require
           ,
           and
           whatsoeuer
           men
           may
           wish
           ,
           that
           are
           to
           plant
           vpon
           the
           same
           ,
           or
           to
           trafficke
           in
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           17
           And
           whatsoeuer
           notable
           commoditie
           the
           soile
           within
           or
           without
           doth
           yéeld
           in
           so
           long
           a
           tract
           that
           is
           to
           be
           carried
           out
           from
           thence
           to
           England
           ,
           the
           same
           riuers
           so
           great
           and
           déepe
           ,
           do
           yéeld
           no
           small
           benefit
           for
           the
           sure
           ,
           safe
           ,
           easie
           and
           cheape
           cariage
           of
           the
           same
           to
           shipboord
           ,
           be
           it
           of
           great
           bulke
           or
           of
           great
           weight
           .
        
         
           18
           And
           in
           like
           sort
           whatsoeuer
           commoditie
           of
           England
           the
           Inland
           people
           there
           shall
           néed
           ,
           the
           same
           riuers
           doe
           worke
           the
           like
           effect
           in
           benefit
           for
           the
           incariage
           of
           the
           same
           ,
           aptly
           ,
           easily
           ,
           and
           cheaply
           .
        
         
           19
           If
           we
           finde
           the
           countrey
           populous
           ,
           and
           desirous
           to
           expel
           vs
           ,
           and
           iniuriously
           to
           offend
           vs
           ,
           that
           séeke
           but
           iust
           and
           lawfull
           trafficke
           ,
           then
           by
           reason
           that
           we
           are
           lords
           of
           nauigation
           ,
           and
           they
           not
           so
           ,
           we
           are
           the
           better
           able
           to
           defend
           our selues
           by
           reason
           of
           those
           great
           riuers
           ,
           &
           to
           annoy
           them
           in
           many
           places
           .
        
         
           20
           Where
           there
           be
           many
           petie
           kings
           or
           lords
           planted
           on
           the
           riuers
           sides
           ,
           and
           by
           all
           likelihood
           mainteine
           the
           frontiers
           of
           their
           seuerall
           territories
           by
           warres
           ,
           we
           may
           by
           the
           aide
           of
           this
           riuer
           ioine
           with
           this
           king
           héere
           ,
           or
           with
           that
           king
           there
           ,
           at
           our
           pleasure
           ,
           and
           may
           so
           with
           a
           few
           men
           be
           reuenged
           of
           any
           wrong
           offered
           by
           any
           of
           them
           ;
           or
           may
           ,
           if
           we
           will
           procéed
           with
           extremitie
           ,
           conquer
           ,
           fortifie
           ,
           and
           plant
           in
           soiles
           most
           swéet
           ,
           most
           pleasant
           ,
           most
           strong
           ,
           and
           most
           fertile
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           end
           bring
           them
           all
           in
           subiection
           and
           to
           ciuilitie
           .
        
         
           21
           The
           knowen
           abundance
           of
           Fresh
           fish
           in
           the
           riuers
           ,
           and
           
           the
           knowen
           plentie
           of
           Fish
           on
           the
           sea
           coast
           there
           ,
           may
           assure
           vs
           of
           sufficient
           victuall
           in
           spight
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           if
           we
           will
           vse
           salt
           and
           industrie
           .
        
         
           22
           The
           knowen
           plentie
           and
           varietie
           of
           Flesh
           ,
           of
           diuers
           kinds
           of
           beasts
           at
           land
           there
           ,
           may
           séeme
           to
           say
           to
           vs
           ,
           that
           we
           may
           cheaply
           victuall
           our
           nauies
           to
           England
           for
           our
           returnes
           ,
           which
           benefit
           euery
           where
           is
           not
           found
           of
           merchants
           .
        
         
           23
           The
           practise
           of
           the
           people
           of
           the
           
             East
             Indies
          
           ,
           when
           the
           Portugals
           came
           thither
           first
           ,
           was
           to
           cut
           from
           the
           Portugals
           their
           lading
           of
           Spice
           :
           and
           heereby
           they
           thought
           to
           ouerthrow
           their
           purposed
           trade
           .
           If
           these
           people
           shall
           practise
           the
           like
           ,
           by
           not
           suffering
           vs
           to
           haue
           any
           commoditie
           of
           theirs
           without
           conquest
           ,
           (
           which
           requireth
           some
           time
           )
           yet
           may
           we
           mainteine
           our
           first
           voyage
           thither
           ,
           till
           our
           purpose
           come
           to
           effect
           ,
           by
           the
           sea-fishing
           on
           the
           coasts
           there
           ,
           and
           by
           dragging
           for
           pearles
           ,
           which
           are
           said
           to
           be
           on
           those
           parts
           ;
           and
           by
           returne
           of
           those
           commodities
           ,
           the
           charges
           in
           part
           shall
           be
           defraied
           :
           which
           is
           a
           matter
           of
           consideration
           in
           enterprises
           of
           charge
           .
        
         
           24
           If
           this
           realme
           shall
           abound
           too
           too
           much
           with
           youth
           ,
           in
           the
           mines
           there
           of
           Golde
           ,
           (
           as
           that
           of
           Chisca
           and
           Saguenay
           )
           of
           Siluer
           ,
           Copper
           ,
           Yron
           ,
           &c.
           may
           be
           an
           imployment
           to
           the
           benefit
           of
           this
           realme
           ;
           in
           tilling
           of
           the
           rich
           soile
           there
           for
           graine
           ,
           and
           in
           planting
           of
           Uines
           there
           for
           Wine
           ;
           or
           dressing
           of
           those
           Uines
           which
           grow
           there
           naturally
           in
           great
           abundance
           ,
           Oliues
           for
           Oile
           ;
           Orenge
           trées
           ,
           Limons
           ,
           Figs
           and
           Almonds
           for
           fruit
           ;
           Oad
           ,
           Saffron
           ,
           and
           Madder
           for
           Diers
           ;
           Hoppes
           for
           Brewers
           ;
           Hempe
           ,
           Flaxe
           ;
           and
           in
           many
           such
           other
           things
           ,
           by
           imploiment
           of
           the
           soile
           ,
           our
           people
           void
           of
           sufficient
           trades
           ,
           may
           be
           honestly
           imploied
           ,
           that
           els
           may
           become
           hurtfull
           at
           home
           .
        
         
           25
           The
           nauigating
           of
           the
           seas
           in
           the
           voyage
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           great
           riuers
           there
           ,
           will
           bréed
           many
           Mariners
           for
           seruice
           ,
           and
           mainteine
           much
           nauigation
           .
        
         
           26
           The
           number
           of
           raw
           Hides
           there
           of
           diuers
           kindes
           of
           beasts
           ,
           if
           we
           shall
           possesse
           some
           Island
           there
           ,
           or
           settle
           on
           the
           firme
           ,
           may
           presently
           imploy
           many
           of
           our
           idle
           people
           in
           diuers
           seuerall
           dressings
           of
           the
           same
           ,
           and
           so
           we
           may
           returne
           them
           to
           the
           people
           that
           can
           not
           dresse
           them
           so
           well
           ;
           or
           into
           this
           realm
           ,
           where
           the
           same
           are
           good
           merchandize
           ;
           or
           to
           Flanders
           ,
           &c.
           which
           
           present
           gaine
           at
           the
           first
           ,
           raiseth
           great
           incouragement
           presently
           to
           the
           enterprise
           .
        
         
           27
           Since
           great
           waste
           Woods
           be
           there
           ,
           of
           Oake
           ,
           Cedar
           ,
           Pine
           ,
           Wall-nuts
           ,
           and
           sundry
           other
           sorts
           ,
           many
           of
           our
           waste
           people
           may
           be
           imployed
           in
           making
           of
           Ships
           ,
           Hoies
           ,
           Busses
           and
           Boats
           ;
           and
           to
           making
           of
           Rozen
           ,
           Pitch
           and
           Tarre
           ,
           the
           trées
           naturall
           for
           the
           same
           ,
           being
           certeinly
           knowen
           to
           be
           néere
           
             Cape
             Briton
          
           and
           the
           Bay
           of
           Menan
           ,
           and
           in
           many
           other
           places
           there
           about
           .
        
         
           28
           If
           mines
           of
           white
           or
           gray
           marble
           ,
           Iet
           ,
           or
           other
           rich
           stone
           be
           found
           there
           ,
           our
           idle
           people
           may
           be
           imployed
           in
           the
           mines
           of
           the
           same
           ,
           and
           in
           preparing
           the
           same
           to
           shape
           ,
           and
           so
           shaped
           ,
           they
           may
           be
           caried
           into
           this
           realm
           as
           good
           balast
           for
           our
           ships
           ,
           and
           after
           serue
           for
           noble
           buildings
           .
        
         
           29
           Sugar-canes
           may
           be
           planted
           aswell
           as
           they
           are
           now
           in
           the
           South
           of
           Spaine
           ,
           and
           besides
           the
           imploiment
           of
           our
           idle
           people
           ,
           we
           may
           receiue
           the
           commodity
           cheaper
           ,
           and
           not
           inrich
           infidels
           or
           our
           doubtful
           friends
           ,
           of
           whom
           now
           we
           receiue
           that
           commoditie
           .
        
         
           30
           The
           daily
           great
           increase
           of
           Woolles
           in
           Spaine
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           in
           the
           
             West
             Indies
          
           ,
           and
           the
           great
           imploiment
           of
           the
           same
           into
           Cloth
           in
           both
           places
           ,
           may
           mooue
           vs
           to
           endeuour
           ,
           for
           vent
           of
           our
           Cloth
           ,
           new
           discoueries
           of
           peopled
           regions
           ,
           where
           hope
           of
           sale
           may
           arise
           ;
           otherwise
           in
           short
           time
           many
           inconueniences
           may
           possibly
           ensue
           .
        
         
           31
           This
           land
           that
           we
           purpose
           to
           direct
           our
           course
           to
           ,
           lying
           in
           part
           in
           the
           40
           degree
           of
           latitude
           ,
           being
           in
           like
           heat
           as
           Lisbone
           in
           Portugall
           doth
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           more
           Southerly
           part
           as
           the
           most
           Southerly
           coast
           of
           Spaine
           doth
           ,
           may
           by
           our
           diligence
           yeeld
           vnto
           vs
           besides
           Wines
           and
           Oiles
           and
           Sugars
           ,
           Orenges
           ,
           Limons
           ,
           Figs
           ,
           Resings
           ,
           Almonds
           ,
           Pomegranates
           ,
           Rice
           ,
           Raw-silks
           such
           as
           come
           from
           Granada
           ,
           and
           diuers
           commodities
           for
           Diers
           ,
           as
           Anile
           and
           Cochenillio
           ,
           and
           sundry
           other
           colours
           and
           materials
           .
           Moreouer
           ,
           we
           shall
           not
           onely
           receiue
           many
           precious
           commodities
           besides
           from
           thence
           ,
           but
           also
           shal
           in
           time
           finde
           ample
           vent
           of
           the
           labour
           of
           our
           poore
           people
           at
           home
           ,
           by
           sale
           of
           Hats
           ,
           Bonets
           ,
           Kniues
           ,
           Fish-hooks
           ,
           Copper
           kettles
           ,
           Beads
           ,
           Looking-glasses
           ,
           Bugles
           ,
           &
           a
           thousand
           kinds
           of
           other
           wrought
           wares
           ,
           that
           in
           short
           time
           may
           be
           brought
           in
           
           vse
           among
           the
           people
           of
           that
           countrey
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           reliefe
           of
           the
           multitude
           of
           our
           poore
           people
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           woonderfull
           enriching
           of
           this
           realme
           .
           And
           in
           time
           ,
           such
           league
           &
           entercourse
           may
           arise
           betwéene
           our
           Stapling
           seats
           there
           ,
           and
           other
           ports
           of
           our
           Northern
           America
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Islands
           of
           the
           same
           ,
           that
           incredible
           things
           ,
           and
           by
           few
           as
           yet
           dreamed
           of
           ,
           may
           spéedily
           follow
           ,
           tending
           to
           the
           impeachment
           of
           our
           mightie
           enemies
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           common
           good
           of
           this
           noble
           gouernment
           .
        
         
           The
           ends
           of
           this
           voyage
           are
           these
           :
           
             
               1.
               
               To
               plant
               Christian
               religion
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               To
               trafficke
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               To
               conquer
               .
            
          
           Or
           ,
           to
           doe
           all
           thrée
           .
        
         
           TO
           plant
           Christian
           religion
           without
           conquest
           ,
           will
           bée
           hard
           .
           Trafficke
           easily
           followeth
           conquest
           :
           conquest
           is
           not
           easie
           .
           Trafficke
           without
           conquest
           séemeth
           possible
           ,
           and
           not
           vneasie
           .
           What
           is
           to
           be
           done
           ,
           is
           the
           question
           .
        
         
           If
           the
           people
           be
           content
           to
           liue
           naked
           ,
           and
           to
           content
           themselues
           with
           few
           things
           of
           méere
           necessity
           ,
           then
           trafficke
           is
           not
           .
           So
           then
           in
           vaine
           séemeth
           our
           voyage
           ,
           vnlesse
           this
           nature
           may
           be
           altered
           ,
           as
           by
           conquest
           and
           other
           good
           meanes
           it
           may
           be
           ,
           but
           not
           on
           a
           sudden
           .
           The
           like
           whereof
           appeared
           in
           the
           
             East
             Indies
          
           ,
           vpon
           the
           Portugals
           seating
           there
           .
        
         
           If
           the
           people
           in
           the
           Inland
           be
           clothed
           ,
           and
           desire
           to
           liue
           in
           the
           abundance
           of
           all
           such
           things
           as
           Europe
           doth
           ,
           and
           haue
           at
           home
           all
           the
           same
           in
           plentie
           ,
           yet
           we
           can
           not
           haue
           trafficke
           with
           them
           ,
           by
           meane
           they
           want
           not
           any
           thing
           that
           we
           can
           yéeld
           them
           .
        
         
           Admit
           that
           they
           haue
           desire
           to
           your
           commodities
           ,
           and
           as
           yet
           haue
           neither
           Golde
           ,
           Siluer
           ,
           Copper
           ,
           Iron
           ,
           nor
           sufficient
           quantitie
           of
           other
           present
           commoditie
           to
           mainteine
           the
           yéerely
           trade
           :
           What
           is
           then
           to
           be
           done
           ?
        
         
           The
           soile
           and
           climate
           first
           is
           to
           be
           considered
           ,
           
           and
           you
           are
           with
           Argus
           eies
           to
           sée
           what
           commoditie
           by
           industrie
           of
           man
           you
           are
           able
           to
           make
           it
           to
           yéeld
           ,
           that
           England
           doth
           want
           or
           doth
           desire
           :
           as
           for
           the
           purpose
           ,
           if
           you
           can
           make
           it
           to
           yéeld
           good
           Wine
           ,
           or
           good
           Oile
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           like
           you
           may
           by
           the
           climat
           ,
           (
           where
           wilde
           Uines
           of
           sundry
           sorts
           doe
           naturally
           grow
           already
           in
           great
           abundance
           )
           then
           your
           trade
           may
           be
           mainteined
           .
           But
           
           admit
           the
           soile
           were
           in
           our
           disposition
           (
           as
           yet
           it
           is
           not
           )
           in
           what
           time
           may
           this
           be
           brought
           about
           ?
        
         
           For
           Wine
           this
           is
           to
           be
           affirmed
           ,
           that
           first
           the
           soile
           lying
           in
           36
           or
           37
           degrées
           in
           the
           temperature
           of
           
             South
             Spaine
          
           ,
           in
           setting
           your
           Uine-plants
           this
           yéere
           ,
           you
           may
           haue
           Wine
           within
           thrée
           yéeres
           .
           And
           it
           may
           be
           that
           the
           wilde
           Uines
           growing
           there
           already
           ,
           by
           orderly
           pruning
           and
           dressing
           at
           your
           first
           arriuall
           ,
           may
           come
           to
           profit
           in
           shorter
           time
           .
        
         
           And
           planting
           your
           Oliue
           trées
           this
           yéere
           ,
           you
           may
           haue
           Oile
           within
           thrée
           yéeres
           .
        
         
           And
           if
           the
           sea
           shores
           be
           flat
           ,
           and
           fit
           for
           receipt
           of
           salt
           water
           ,
           and
           for
           Salt
           making
           ,
           without
           any
           annoy
           of
           néere
           freshes
           ,
           then
           the
           trade
           of
           Salt
           onely
           may
           mainteine
           a
           yéerely
           nauigation
           (
           as
           our
           men
           now
           trade
           to
           the
           isle
           of
           Maio
           ,
           and
           the
           Hollanders
           to
           
             Terra
             Firma
          
           néere
           the
           West
           end
           of
           the
           isle
           of
           Margarita
           .
           )
        
         
           But
           how
           the
           naturall
           people
           of
           the
           countrey
           may
           be
           made
           skilfull
           to
           plant
           Uines
           ,
           and
           to
           know
           the
           vse
           ,
           or
           to
           set
           Oliue
           trées
           ,
           and
           to
           know
           the
           making
           of
           Oile
           ,
           and
           withall
           to
           vse
           both
           the
           trades
           ,
           that
           is
           a
           matter
           of
           small
           consideration
           :
           but
           to
           conquer
           a
           countrey
           or
           prouince
           in
           climate
           &
           soile
           of
           
             Italie
             ,
             Spaine
          
           ,
           or
           the
           Islands
           from
           whence
           we
           receiue
           our
           Wines
           &
           Oiles
           ,
           and
           to
           man
           it
           ,
           to
           plant
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           kéepe
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           continue
           the
           making
           of
           Wines
           and
           Oiles
           able
           to
           serue
           England
           ,
           were
           a
           matter
           of
           great
           importance
           both
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           sauing
           at
           home
           of
           our
           great
           treasure
           now
           yéerely
           going
           away
           ,
           and
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           annoyance
           thereby
           growing
           to
           our
           enemies
           .
           The
           like
           consideration
           would
           be
           had
           ,
           touching
           a
           place
           for
           the
           making
           of
           Salt
           ,
           of
           temperature
           like
           those
           of
           France
           ,
           not
           too
           too
           colde
           ,
           as
           the
           Salts
           of
           the
           Northern
           regions
           be
           ;
           nor
           too
           too
           firy
           ,
           as
           those
           be
           that
           be
           made
           more
           Southerly
           than
           France
           .
           In
           regard
           whereof
           ,
           many
           circumstances
           are
           to
           be
           considered
           ;
           and
           principally
           ,
           by
           what
           meane
           the
           people
           of
           those
           parties
           may
           be
           drawen
           by
           all
           courtesie
           into
           loue
           with
           our
           nation
           ;
           that
           we
           become
           not
           hatefull
           vnto
           them
           ,
           as
           the
           Spaniard
           is
           in
           Italie
           and
           in
           the
           
             West
             Indies
          
           ,
           and
           elswhere
           ,
           by
           their
           maner
           of
           vsage
           :
           for
           a
           gentle
           course
           without
           crueltie
           and
           tyrannie
           best
           answereth
           the
           profession
           of
           a
           Christian
           ,
           
           best
           planteth
           Christian
           religion
           ;
           maketh
           our
           seating
           most
           void
           of
           blood
           ,
           most
           profitable
           in
           trade
           
           of
           merchandise
           ,
           most
           firme
           and
           stable
           ,
           and
           least
           subiect
           to
           remooue
           by
           practise
           of
           enemies
           .
           But
           that
           we
           may
           in
           seating
           there
           ,
           not
           be
           subiect
           wholly
           to
           the
           malice
           of
           enemies
           ,
           and
           may
           be
           more
           able
           to
           preserue
           our
           bodies
           ,
           ships
           ,
           and
           goods
           in
           more
           safetie
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           knowen
           to
           be
           more
           able
           to
           scourge
           the
           people
           there
           ,
           ciuill
           or
           sauage
           ,
           than
           willing
           to
           offer
           any
           violence
           .
           And
           for
           the
           more
           quiet
           exercise
           of
           our
           manurance
           of
           the
           soiles
           where
           we
           shall
           seat
           ,
           and
           of
           our
           manuall
           occupations
           ,
           it
           is
           to
           be
           wished
           that
           some
           ancient
           captaines
           of
           milde
           disposition
           and
           great
           iudgement
           be
           sent
           thither
           with
           men
           most
           skilfull
           in
           the
           arte
           of
           fortification
           ;
           and
           that
           direction
           be
           taken
           that
           the
           mouthes
           of
           great
           riuers
           ,
           and
           the
           Islands
           in
           the
           same
           (
           as
           things
           of
           great
           moment
           )
           be
           taken
           ,
           manned
           ,
           and
           fortified
           ;
           and
           that
           hauens
           be
           cut
           out
           for
           safetie
           of
           the
           Nauie
           ,
           that
           we
           may
           be
           lords
           of
           the
           gates
           and
           entries
           ,
           to
           goe
           out
           and
           come
           in
           at
           pleasure
           ,
           and
           to
           lie
           in
           safetie
           ,
           and
           be
           able
           to
           command
           and
           to
           controle
           all
           within
           ,
           and
           to
           force
           all
           forren
           nauigation
           to
           lie
           out
           in
           open
           rode
           subiect
           to
           all
           weathers
           ,
           to
           be
           dispersed
           by
           tempests
           and
           flawes
           ,
           if
           the
           force
           within
           be
           not
           able
           to
           giue
           them
           the
           encounter
           abroad
           .
        
         
           THe
           Red
           Muscadell
           grape
           ,
           that
           bishop
           Grindall
           procured
           out
           of
           Germanie
           ;
           the
           great
           White
           Muscadell
           ;
           the
           Yellow
           grape
           :
           the
           cuts
           of
           these
           were
           woont
           yéerely
           to
           be
           set
           at
           Fulham
           ;
           and
           after
           one
           yeeres
           rooting
           to
           be
           giuen
           by
           the
           bishop
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           sold
           by
           his
           gardener
           .
           These
           presently
           prouided
           ,
           and
           placed
           in
           earth
           ,
           and
           many
           of
           these
           so
           rooted
           ,
           with
           store
           of
           cuts
           vnrooted
           besides
           ,
           placed
           in
           tubbes
           of
           earth
           shipped
           at
           the
           next
           voyage
           ,
           to
           be
           planted
           in
           Virginia
           ,
           may
           begin
           Uineyards
           ,
           and
           bring
           Wines
           out
           of
           hand
           .
        
         
           2
           Prouision
           great
           of
           wilde
           Oliue
           trées
           may
           be
           made
           out
           of
           this
           citie
           so
           then
           to
           be
           caried
           ,
           to
           encrease
           great
           store
           of
           stocks
           to
           graffe
           the
           best
           Oliue
           on
           :
           and
           Virginia
           standing
           in
           the
           same
           degrée
           that
           
             The
             Shroffe
          
           the
           Oliue
           place
           doth
           in
           Spaine
           ,
           we
           may
           win
           that
           merchandise
           ,
           grassing
           the
           wilde
           .
        
         
           3
           Sugar-canes
           ,
           if
           you
           can
           not
           procure
           them
           from
           the
           Spanish
           Islands
           ,
           yet
           may
           you
           by
           our
           Barberie
           merchants
           procure
           them
           .
        
         
           4
           There
           is
           an
           herbe
           in
           Persia
           ,
           whereof
           Anile
           is
           made
           ,
           
           and
           it
           is
           also
           in
           Barbarie
           :
           to
           procure
           that
           by
           séed
           or
           root
           ,
           were
           of
           importance
           for
           a
           trade
           of
           merchandise
           for
           our
           clothing
           countrey
           .
        
         
           5
           Oad
           by
           the
           séeds
           you
           may
           haue
           ;
           for
           you
           may
           haue
           hundreds
           of
           bushels
           in
           England
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           multiplied
           :
           and
           hauing
           soile
           and
           labor
           in
           Virginia
           cheape
           ,
           and
           the
           Oad
           in
           great
           value
           ,
           lying
           in
           small
           roome
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           a
           trade
           of
           great
           gaine
           to
           this
           clothing
           realme
           :
           and
           the
           thing
           can
           not
           be
           destroyed
           by
           Saluages
           .
           The
           roots
           of
           this
           you
           may
           haue
           in
           plenty
           and
           number
           comming
           in
           the
           trade
           :
           so
           this
           may
           grow
           in
           trade
           within
           a
           yéere
           ready
           for
           the
           merchant
           .
        
         
           6
           Figge
           trées
           of
           many
           good
           kinds
           may
           be
           had
           hence
           in
           barrell
           ,
           if
           now
           presently
           they
           be
           prouided
           ;
           and
           they
           in
           that
           climat
           will
           yéeld
           noble
           fruit
           ,
           and
           feed
           your
           people
           presently
           ,
           and
           will
           be
           brought
           in
           frailes
           home
           as
           merchandise
           ,
           or
           in
           barrell
           ,
           as
           Resings
           also
           may
           be
           .
        
         
           7
           Sawed
           boords
           of
           Sassafras
           and
           Cedar
           ,
           to
           be
           turned
           into
           small
           boxes
           for
           ladies
           and
           gentlewomen
           ,
           would
           become
           a
           present
           trade
           .
        
         
           8
           To
           the
           infinite
           naturall
           increase
           of
           Hogs
           ,
           to
           adde
           a
           deuice
           how
           the
           same
           may
           be
           fed
           by
           roots
           ,
           acornes
           ,
           &c.
           without
           spoiling
           your
           corne
           ,
           would
           be
           of
           great
           effect
           to
           féed
           the
           multitude
           continually
           imployed
           in
           labour
           :
           and
           the
           same
           cheaply
           bred
           and
           salted
           ,
           and
           barrelled
           there
           and
           brought
           home
           ,
           will
           be
           well
           solde
           for
           a
           good
           merchandise
           ;
           and
           the
           barrels
           after
           ,
           will
           serue
           for
           our
           home
           Herring-fishing
           ;
           and
           so
           you
           sell
           you
           woods
           and
           the
           labour
           of
           your
           cooper
           .
        
         
           9
           Receiuing
           the
           saluage
           women
           and
           their
           children
           of
           both
           sexes
           by
           courtesie
           into
           your
           protection
           ,
           and
           imploying
           the
           English
           women
           and
           the
           others
           in
           making
           of
           Linnen
           ,
           you
           shal
           raise
           a
           woonderfull
           trade
           of
           benefit
           ,
           both
           to
           carie
           into
           England
           and
           also
           into
           the
           Islands
           ,
           and
           into
           the
           maine
           of
           the
           
             West
             Indies
          
           ,
           victuall
           and
           labour
           being
           so
           cheape
           there
           .
        
         
           10
           The
           trade
           of
           making
           cables
           and
           cordage
           there
           ,
           will
           be
           of
           great
           importance
           ,
           in
           respect
           of
           a
           cheape
           maintenance
           of
           the
           Nauie
           that
           shall
           passe
           to
           and
           fro
           ;
           and
           in
           respect
           of
           such
           Nauie
           as
           may
           in
           those
           parties
           be
           vsed
           for
           the
           venting
           of
           the
           commodities
           of
           England
           to
           be
           brought
           thither
           .
           And
           Powldauies
           ,
           &c.
           made
           for
           sailes
           of
           the
           poore
           Saluages
           ,
           yeeld
           to
           the
           Nauie
           a
           
           great
           helpe
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           gaine
           in
           the
           trafficke
           .
        
         
           But
           if
           séeking
           reuenge
           on
           euery
           iniurie
           of
           the
           Saluages
           we
           séeke
           blood
           &
           raise
           war
           ,
           our
           Uines
           ,
           our
           Oliues
           ,
           our
           Figge
           trées
           ,
           our
           Sugar-canes
           ,
           our
           Orenges
           and
           Limons
           ,
           Corne
           ,
           Cattell
           ,
           &c.
           will
           be
           destroyed
           ,
           and
           trade
           of
           merchandise
           in
           all
           things
           ouerthrowen
           ;
           and
           so
           the
           English
           nation
           there
           planted
           and
           to
           be
           planted
           ,
           shal
           be
           rooted
           out
           with
           sword
           and
           hunger
           .
        
         
           
             Sorts
             of
             men
             which
             are
             to
             be
             passed
             in
             this
             voyage
             .
          
           
             1
             MEn
             skilfull
             in
             all
             Minerall
             causes
             .
          
           
             2
             Men
             skilfull
             in
             all
             kinde
             of
             drugges
             .
          
           
             3
             Fishermen
             ,
             to
             consider
             of
             the
             sea
             fishings
             there
             on
             the
             coasts
             ,
             to
             be
             reduced
             to
             trade
             hereafter
             :
             and
             others
             for
             the
             fresh
             water
             fishings
             .
          
           
             4
             Salt-makers
             ,
             to
             view
             the
             coast
             ,
             and
             to
             make
             triall
             how
             rich
             the
             sea-water
             there
             is
             ,
             to
             aduise
             for
             the
             trade
             .
          
           
             5
             Husbandmen
             ,
             to
             view
             the
             soile
             ,
             to
             resolue
             for
             tillage
             in
             all
             sorts
             .
          
           
             6
             Uineyard-men
             bred
             ,
             to
             sée
             how
             the
             soile
             may
             serue
             for
             the
             planting
             of
             Uines
             .
          
           
             7
             Men
             bred
             in
             the
             Shroffe
             in
             
               South
               Spaine
            
             ,
             for
             discerning
             how
             Oliue
             trées
             may
             be
             planted
             there
             .
          
           
             8
             Others
             ,
             for
             planting
             of
             Orenge
             trées
             ,
             Figge
             trées
             ,
             Limon
             trées
             ,
             and
             Almond
             trées
             ;
             for
             iudging
             how
             the
             soile
             may
             serue
             for
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             9
             Gardeners
             ,
             to
             prooue
             the
             seuerall
             soiles
             of
             the
             Islands
             ,
             and
             of
             our
             setling
             places
             ,
             to
             sée
             how
             the
             same
             may
             serue
             for
             all
             herbs
             and
             roots
             for
             our
             victualling
             ;
             since
             by
             rough
             seas
             sometimes
             we
             may
             want
             fish
             ,
             and
             since
             we
             may
             want
             flesh
             to
             victuall
             vs
             ,
             by
             the
             malice
             of
             the
             naturall
             people
             there
             :
             and
             gardeners
             for
             planting
             of
             our
             common
             trées
             of
             fruit
             ,
             as
             Peares
             ,
             Apples
             ,
             Plumines
             ,
             Peaches
             ,
             Medlers
             ,
             Apricoes
             ,
             Quinces
             for
             conserues
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             10
             Lime-makers
             ,
             to
             make
             lime
             for
             buildings
             .
          
           
             11
             Masons
             ,
             Carpenters
             ,
             &c.
             for
             buildings
             there
             .
          
           
             12
             Bricke-makers
             and
             Tile-makers
             .
          
           
             13
             Men
             cunning
             in
             the
             art
             of
             fortification
             ,
             that
             may
             chuse
             
             out
             places
             strong
             by
             nature
             to
             be
             fortified
             ,
             and
             that
             can
             plot
             out
             and
             direct
             workemen
             .
          
           
             14
             Choise
             Spade-men
             ,
             to
             trench
             cunningly
             ,
             and
             to
             raise
             bulwarks
             and
             rampiers
             of
             earth
             for
             defence
             and
             offence
             .
          
           
             15
             Spade-makers
             ,
             that
             may
             ,
             out
             of
             the
             Woods
             there
             ,
             make
             spades
             like
             those
             of
             Deuonshire
             ,
             and
             of
             other
             sorts
             ,
             and
             shouels
             from
             time
             to
             time
             for
             common
             vse
             .
          
           
             16
             Smithes
             ,
             to
             forge
             the
             yrons
             of
             the
             shouels
             and
             spades
             ,
             and
             to
             make
             blacke
             billes
             and
             other
             weapons
             ,
             and
             to
             mend
             many
             things
             .
          
           
             17
             Men
             that
             vse
             to
             breake
             Ash
             trées
             for
             pike-staues
             ,
             to
             be
             imploied
             in
             the
             Woods
             there
             .
          
           
             18
             Others
             ,
             that
             finish
             vp
             the
             same
             so
             rough
             hewd
             ,
             such
             as
             in
             London
             are
             to
             be
             had
             .
          
           
             19
             Coopers
             ,
             to
             make
             caske
             of
             all
             sorts
             .
          
           
             20
             Forgers
             of
             pikes
             heads
             and
             of
             arrow
             heads
             ,
             with
             forges
             ,
             with
             Spanish
             yron
             ,
             and
             with
             all
             maner
             of
             tooles
             to
             be
             caried
             with
             them
             .
          
           
             21
             Fletchers
             ,
             to
             renew
             arrowes
             ,
             since
             archerie
             preuaileth
             much
             against
             vnarmed
             people
             :
             and
             gunpowder
             may
             soone
             perish
             ,
             by
             setting
             on
             fire
             .
          
           
             22
             Bowyers
             also
             ,
             to
             make
             bowes
             there
             for
             néed
             .
          
           
             23
             Makers
             of
             oares
             ,
             since
             for
             seruice
             vpon
             those
             riuers
             it
             is
             to
             great
             purpose
             ,
             for
             the
             boats
             and
             barges
             they
             are
             to
             passe
             and
             enter
             with
             .
          
           
             24
             Shipwrights
             ,
             to
             make
             barges
             and
             boats
             ,
             and
             bigger
             vessels
             ,
             if
             néed
             be
             ,
             to
             run
             along
             the
             coast
             ,
             and
             to
             pierce
             the
             great
             Bayes
             and
             Inlets
             .
          
           
             25
             Turners
             ,
             to
             turne
             targets
             of
             Elme
             and
             tough
             wood
             ,
             for
             vse
             against
             the
             darts
             and
             arrowes
             of
             Saluages
             .
          
           
             26
             Such
             also
             as
             haue
             knowledge
             to
             make
             targets
             of
             horne
             .
          
           
             27
             Such
             also
             as
             can
             make
             armor
             of
             hides
             vpon
             moulds
             ,
             such
             as
             were
             woont
             to
             be
             made
             in
             this
             realme
             about
             an
             hundred
             yéeres
             since
             ,
             and
             were
             called
             Scotish
             iacks
             :
             such
             armor
             is
             light
             and
             defensiue
             enough
             against
             the
             force
             of
             Saluages
             .
          
           
             28
             Tanners
             ,
             to
             tanne
             hides
             of
             Buffes
             ,
             Oxen
             ,
             &c.
             in
             the
             Isles
             where
             you
             shall
             plant
             .
          
           
             29
             White
             Tawyers
             of
             all
             other
             skinnes
             there
             .
          
           
             30
             Men
             skilfull
             in
             burning
             of
             Sope
             ashes
             ,
             and
             in
             making
             
             of
             Pitch
             ,
             and
             Tarre
             ,
             and
             Rozen
             ,
             to
             be
             fetched
             out
             of
             Prussia
             and
             Poland
             ,
             which
             are
             thence
             to
             be
             had
             for
             small
             wages
             ,
             being
             there
             in
             maner
             of
             slaues
             .
          
           
             The
             seuerall
             sorts
             of
             trées
             ,
             as
             Pines
             ,
             Firres
             ,
             Spruses
             ,
             Birch
             and
             others
             ,
             are
             to
             be
             boared
             with
             great
             augers
             a
             foot
             or
             halfe
             a
             yard
             aboue
             the
             ground
             ,
             as
             they
             vse
             in
             Vesely
             towards
             Languedock
             and
             néere
             Bayona
             in
             Gascoigne
             :
             and
             so
             you
             shall
             easily
             and
             quickly
             sée
             what
             Gummes
             ,
             Rozen
             ,
             Turpentine
             ,
             Tarre
             ,
             or
             liquor
             is
             in
             them
             ,
             which
             will
             quickly
             distill
             out
             cléerely
             without
             any
             filthie
             mixture
             ,
             and
             will
             shew
             what
             commoditie
             may
             be
             made
             of
             them
             :
             their
             goodnesse
             and
             greatnesse
             for
             masts
             is
             also
             to
             be
             considered
             .
          
           
             31
             A
             skilfull
             painter
             is
             also
             to
             be
             caried
             with
             you
             ,
             which
             the
             Spaniards
             vsed
             commonly
             in
             all
             their
             discoueries
             to
             bring
             the
             descriptions
             of
             all
             beasts
             ,
             birds
             ,
             fishes
             ,
             trées
             ,
             townes
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           briefe
           note
           of
           the
           corne
           ,
           fowles
           ,
           fruits
           and
           beasts
           of
           the
           Inland
           of
           Florida
           on
           the
           backeside
           of
           Virginia
           ,
           taken
           out
           of
           the
           44
           chapter
           of
           the
           discouery
           of
           the
           said
           countrey
           ,
           begun
           by
           Fernando
           de
           Soto
           gouernour
           of
           Cuba
           ,
           in
           the
           yeere
           of
           our
           Lord
           1539.
           
        
         
           THe
           bread
           which
           they
           eat
           in
           all
           the
           land
           of
           Florida
           ,
           is
           of
           Maiz
           ,
           which
           is
           like
           to
           course
           Millet
           .
           And
           in
           all
           the
           Islands
           and
           
             West
             Indies
          
           from
           the
           Antiles
           forward
           there
           is
           this
           Maiz.
           
        
         
           Likewise
           in
           Florida
           there
           be
           many
           Wallnuts
           ,
           Plummes
           ,
           
           Mulberies
           ,
           &
           Grapes
           .
           They
           sowe
           their
           Maiz
           ,
           and
           gather
           it
           ,
           euery
           man
           his
           owne
           croppe
           .
           The
           fruits
           are
           common
           to
           all
           men
           ,
           because
           they
           grow
           abundantly
           in
           the
           fields
           without
           planting
           or
           dressing
           .
           In
           the
           mountaines
           there
           grow
           Chestnuts
           ;
           they
           are
           somewhat
           smaller
           than
           the
           Chestnuts
           of
           Spaine
           ,
           which
           are
           called
           Collarínnas
           .
           From
           
             Rio
             Grande
          
           toward
           the
           West
           ,
           the
           Walnuts
           are
           differing
           from
           the
           other
           ;
           for
           they
           are
           softer
           and
           round
           like
           bullets
           .
           And
           from
           
             Rio
             Grande
          
           toward
           
             Puerto
             del
             Spirito
             Santo
          
           Eastward
           ,
           for
           the
           most
           part
           they
           are
           harder
           .
           And
           the
           Trées
           and
           Nuts
           are
           like
           in
           fashion
           vnto
           those
           of
           Spaine
           .
           There
           is
           in
           all
           the
           countrey
           a
           fruit
           which
           groweth
           vpon
           an
           herbe
           or
           plant
           like
           to
           the
           herbe
           called
           Dogs-tongue
           ,
           which
           the
           Indians
           doe
           sowe
           .
           The
           fruit
           is
           like
           vnto
           the
           
             Peres
             Rial
          
           :
           it
           is
           of
           a
           very
           good
           rellish
           ,
           
           and
           of
           a
           pleasant
           taste
           .
           Another
           herbe
           groweth
           in
           the
           fields
           ,
           which
           beareth
           a
           fruit
           néere
           the
           ground
           like
           to
           a
           Strawberie
           ,
           very
           pleasant
           in
           taste
           .
           The
           Plummes
           are
           of
           two
           sorts
           ,
           red
           and
           gray
           ,
           in
           fashion
           and
           bignesse
           of
           Walnuts
           ,
           and
           haue
           thrée
           or
           foure
           stones
           in
           them
           .
           These
           are
           better
           than
           any
           in
           Spaine
           ,
           and
           they
           make
           better
           Prunes
           of
           them
           .
           The
           want
           of
           
           dressing
           is
           perceiued
           only
           in
           the
           Grapes
           :
           which
           although
           they
           be
           great
           ,
           yet
           they
           haue
           a
           great
           kernell
           .
           All
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           fruits
           are
           very
           perfect
           ,
           and
           lesse
           hurtfull
           than
           those
           of
           Spaine
           .
        
         
           There
           are
           in
           Florida
           many
           Beares
           ,
           
           Lions
           ,
           Stags
           ,
           Roe-bucks
           ,
           Wild-cats
           ,
           and
           Conies
           .
        
         
           There
           be
           many
           Wild-hennes
           as
           bigge
           as
           Peacocks
           ,
           small
           Partridges
           like
           those
           of
           Africa
           ,
           Cranes
           ,
           Ducks
           ,
           Rolas
           ,
           Black-birds
           ,
           and
           Sparrowes
           .
           There
           be
           certeine
           Blacke
           birds
           bigger
           than
           Sparrowes
           and
           lesser
           than
           Stares
           .
        
         
           There
           be
           Sore-hauks
           ,
           Faulcons
           ,
           Gosse-hauks
           ,
           and
           all
           fowles
           of
           pray
           that
           are
           in
           Spaine
           .
        
         
           The
           Indians
           are
           well
           proportioned
           .
           Those
           of
           the
           plaine
           countreys
           are
           taller
           of
           stature
           ,
           and
           better
           proportioned
           than
           those
           of
           the
           mountaines
           .
           Those
           of
           the
           Inland
           are
           better
           furnished
           with
           corne
           and
           wealth
           of
           the
           countrey
           ,
           than
           those
           of
           the
           sea
           coast
           .
           The
           countrey
           on
           the
           sea
           coast
           toward
           the
           gulfe
           of
           Mexico
           is
           barren
           and
           poore
           ,
           and
           the
           people
           more
           warrelike
           .
           The
           coast
           beareth
           from
           
             Puerto
             del
             Spirito
             Santo
          
           vnto
           Apalache
           ,
           and
           from
           Apalache
           to
           
             Rio
             de
             Palmas
          
           almost
           from
           East
           to
           West
           ;
           from
           
             Rio
             de
             Palmas
          
           vnto
           
             Noua
             Hispania
          
           it
           runneth
           from
           North
           to
           South
           .
           It
           is
           a
           gentle
           coast
           ,
           but
           it
           hath
           many
           sholds
           and
           banks
           or
           shelues
           of
           sand
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           Note
           of
           such
           commodities
           as
           are
           found
           in
           Florida
           next
           adioining
           vnto
           the
           South
           part
           of
           Virginia
           ,
           taken
           out
           of
           the
           description
           of
           the
           said
           countrey
           ,
           written
           by
           Mounsieur
           Rene
           Laudonniere
           ,
           who
           inhabited
           there
           two
           Sommers
           and
           one
           winter
           .
        
         
           THe
           countrey
           of
           Florida
           is
           flat
           ,
           and
           diuided
           with
           diuers
           riuers
           ,
           
           and
           therefore
           moist
           ,
           and
           is
           sandy
           towards
           the
           sea-shore
           .
        
         
           There
           groweth
           in
           those
           parts
           great
           quantitie
           of
           Pyne
           trées
           ,
           which
           haue
           no
           kernels
           in
           the
           apples
           that
           they
           beare
           .
        
         
           Their
           woods
           are
           full
           of
           Oakes
           ,
           Walnut
           trées
           ,
           blacke
           Cherrie
           trées
           ,
           Mulberie
           trées
           ,
           Lentiskes
           which
           yéeld
           Masticke
           ,
           and
           Chestnut
           trées
           ,
           which
           are
           more
           wilde
           than
           those
           of
           France
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           great
           store
           of
           Cedars
           ,
           Cypresses
           ,
           Baies
           ,
           Palme
           trées
           ,
           
           Grapes
           :
           There
           is
           there
           a
           kinde
           of
           Medlars
           ,
           the
           fruit
           whereof
           is
           better
           then
           that
           of
           France
           ,
           and
           bigger
           .
           There
           are
           also
           Plumme
           trées
           ,
           which
           beare
           very
           faire
           fruit
           ,
           but
           such
           as
           is
           not
           very
           good
           .
        
         
           There
           are
           Raspesses
           ,
           and
           a
           little
           bery
           which
           we
           call
           among
           vs
           Blues
           ,
           which
           are
           very
           good
           to
           eat
           .
        
         
           There
           grow
           in
           that
           countrey
           a
           kinde
           of
           Rootes
           ,
           which
           they
           call
           in
           their
           language
           Hazes
           ,
           whereof
           in
           necessitie
           they
           make
           bread
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           also
           the
           trée
           called
           Esquine
           ,
           (
           which
           I
           take
           to
           be
           the
           Sassafras
           )
           which
           is
           very
           good
           against
           the
           pocks
           and
           other
           contagious
           diseases
           .
        
         
           The
           Beasts
           best
           knowen
           in
           this
           countrey
           are
           Stagges
           ,
           Roes
           ,
           
           Deere
           ,
           Goates
           ,
           Leopards
           ,
           Ownces
           ,
           Lucernes
           ,
           diuers
           sorts
           of
           Woolues
           ,
           wilde
           Dogges
           ,
           Hares
           ,
           Connies
           ,
           and
           a
           certeine
           
           kinde
           of
           beast
           that
           differeth
           little
           from
           the
           Lion
           of
           Africke
           .
        
         
           The
           Fowles
           are
           Turkie
           Cocks
           ,
           
           Partridges
           ,
           Perrots
           ,
           Pigeons
           ,
           Ringdoues
           ,
           Turtles
           ,
           Blacke
           birds
           ,
           Crowes
           ,
           Tarcels
           ,
           Faulcons
           ,
           Leonards
           ,
           Herons
           ,
           Cranes
           ,
           Storkes
           ,
           wilde
           Géese
           ,
           Mallards
           ,
           Cormorants
           ,
           Herneshawes
           ,
           white
           ,
           red
           ,
           blacke
           ,
           and
           gray
           ,
           and
           an
           infinit
           sort
           of
           all
           wildfoule
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           such
           aboundance
           of
           Crocodiles
           ,
           that
           oftentimes
           in
           swimming
           ,
           men
           are
           assailed
           by
           them
           :
           Of
           serpents
           there
           are
           many
           sorts
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           found
           among
           the
           Sauages
           good
           quantitie
           of
           Gold
           and
           Siluer
           ,
           
           which
           is
           gotten
           out
           of
           the
           ships
           that
           are
           lost
           vpon
           the
           coast
           :
           Neuerthelesse
           they
           say
           ;
           that
           in
           the
           mountains
           of
           Apalatcy
           ,
           there
           are
           mines
           of
           Copper
           ,
           which
           I
           thinke
           to
           be
           Gold.
           
        
         
           There
           is
           also
           in
           this
           countrey
           ,
           
           great
           store
           of
           Graines
           and
           Herbes
           ,
           whereof
           might
           be
           made
           excellent
           good
           dies
           and
           paintings
           of
           all
           kinde
           of
           colours
           .
        
         
           They
           sowe
           their
           Maiz
           or
           Corne
           twice
           a
           yéere
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           in
           March
           and
           in
           Iune
           :
           and
           all
           in
           one
           and
           the
           same
           soile
           :
           The
           said
           Maiz
           from
           the
           time
           that
           it
           is
           sowed
           ,
           vnto
           the
           time
           that
           it
           is
           gathered
           ,
           is
           but
           thrée
           moneths
           in
           the
           ground
           .
           They
           haue
           also
           faire
           Pumpions
           and
           very
           good
           Beanes
           :
           They
           haue
           certeine
           kinds
           of
           oile
           ,
           
           wherewith
           they
           vse
           to
           annoint
           themselues
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           briefe
           extract
           of
           the
           merchantable
           commodities
           found
           in
           the
           South
           part
           of
           Virginia
           ,
           ann
           .
           1585.
           and
           1586.
           
           Gathered
           out
           of
           the
           learned
           worke
           of
           master
           Thomas
           Herriot
           ,
           which
           was
           there
           remaining
           the
           space
           of
           eleuen
           moneths
           .
        
         
           SIlke
           of
           Grasse
           ,
           or
           Grasse-silke
           ,
           the
           like
           whereof
           groweth
           in
           Persia
           ,
           whereof
           I
           haue
           séene
           good
           Grograine
           made
           .
        
         
           Worme-silke
           .
        
         
           Flaxe
           and
           Hempe
           .
        
         
           Aslom
           .
        
         
           Wapeih
           a
           kinde
           of
           earth
           so
           called
           by
           the
           naturall
           inhabitants
           ,
           very
           like
           to
           
             Terra
             Sigillata
          
           ,
           and
           by
           some
           of
           our
           Physitions
           found
           more
           effectuall
           .
        
         
           Pitch
           ,
           Tarre
           ,
           Rozen
           ,
           and
           Turpentine
           :
           there
           are
           those
           kinds
           of
           trées
           that
           yéeld
           them
           aboundantly
           and
           in
           great
           store
           .
        
         
           Sassafras
           ,
           called
           by
           the
           inhabitants
           Wynauk
           :
           of
           whose
           soueraigne
           and
           manifold
           vertues
           ,
           reade
           Monardes
           the
           Phisician
           of
           Siuile
           ,
           in
           his
           booke
           entituled
           in
           English
           :
           
             The
             ioyfull
             newes
             from
             the
             West
             Indies
             .
          
        
         
           Cedar
           .
        
         
           Uines
           of
           two
           sorts
           .
        
         
           Oile
           :
           there
           are
           two
           sorts
           of
           Wall-nuts
           ,
           both
           holding
           oile
           .
           Furthermore
           ,
           there
           are
           thrée
           seuerall
           kindes
           of
           Berries
           ,
           in
           the
           forme
           of
           Oake
           Acornes
           ,
           which
           also
           by
           the
           experience
           and
           vse
           of
           the
           inhabitants
           ,
           we
           finde
           to
           yéeld
           very
           good
           and
           swéete
           Oile
           .
           There
           are
           also
           Beares
           ,
           which
           are
           commonly
           very
           fat
           ,
           and
           in
           some
           places
           there
           are
           many
           ,
           their
           fatnesse
           because
           it
           is
           so
           liquid
           ,
           may
           well
           be
           termed
           Oyle
           ,
           and
           hath
           many
           speciall
           vses
           .
        
         
         
           Furres
           .
        
         
           Ottars
           ,
           Marternes
           ,
           and
           Lucernes
           .
        
         
           Déere
           skinnes
           .
        
         
           Ciuet
           Cattes
           .
        
         
           Iron
           .
        
         
           Copper
           .
           The
           foresaid
           Copper
           ,
           we
           also
           found
           by
           triall
           to
           hold
           Siluer
           .
        
         
           Pearle
           .
           One
           of
           our
           company
           ,
           a
           man
           of
           skill
           in
           such
           matters
           ,
           had
           gathered
           together
           from
           the
           Sauages
           ,
           aboue
           fiue
           thousand
           .
        
         
           Swéet
           Gummes
           of
           diuers
           kinds
           ,
           and
           many
           other
           Apothecary
           drugs
           .
        
         
           Dies
           of
           diuers
           kinds
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           Shoemake
           ,
           well
           knowen
           and
           vsed
           in
           England
           for
           blacke
           ;
           the
           séed
           of
           an
           herbe
           called
           Wasebur
           ,
           little
           small
           rootes
           called
           Chappacor
           ,
           and
           the
           barke
           of
           a
           trée
           called
           by
           the
           inhabitants
           ,
           Tangomockonomindge
           ,
           which
           Dies
           are
           for
           diuers
           sorts
           of
           red
           .
        
         
           
             Commodities
             in
             Virgina
             ,
             knowen
             to
             yeeld
             victuals
             .
          
           
             PAgatowr
             or
             Mays
             ,
             which
             is
             their
             principall
             corne
             .
          
           
             Okindgier
             ,
             called
             by
             vs
             Beanes
             .
          
           
             Wickonzour
             ,
             called
             by
             vs
             Pease
             .
          
           
             Macocquer
             ,
             called
             by
             vs
             ,
             Pompions
             ,
             Mellons
             ,
             &
             Gourds
             .
          
           
             An
             herbe
             which
             in
             Dutch
             is
             called
             Melden
             ,
             being
             a
             kinde
             of
             Orage
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             An
             herbe
             in
             forme
             of
             a
             Marigold
             ,
             sixe
             foot
             in
             height
             ,
             taken
             to
             be
             
               Planta
               Solis
            
             .
          
           
             Vppowoc
             ,
             or
             Tabacco
             ,
             of
             great
             estimation
             among
             the
             Sauages
             .
          
           
             
               Rootes
               .
            
             
               OPenauck
               ,
               a
               kinde
               of
               Rootes
               of
               round
               forme
               ,
               as
               bigge
               as
               Wall-nuts
               ,
               some
               farre
               greater
               .
               Monardes
               calleth
               them
               Beades
               ,
               or
               
                 Pater
                 nostri
              
               of
               
                 Sancta
                 Helena
              
               ,
               and
               master
               Brereton
               Ground
               Nuts
               .
            
             
               Okeepenank
               ,
               are
               Rootes
               of
               round
               shape
               found
               in
               dry
               
               grounds
               ,
               the
               inhabitants
               vse
               to
               boile
               and
               eat
               many
               of
               them
               .
            
             
               Tsinaw
               ,
               a
               kinde
               of
               Roote
               much
               like
               vnto
               that
               which
               in
               England
               is
               called
               the
               China
               Roote
               ,
               brought
               from
               the
               East
               Indies
               .
            
             
               Coscushaw
               ,
               a
               Roote
               taken
               to
               be
               that
               which
               the
               Spaniards
               in
               the
               West
               Indies
               ,
               doe
               call
               Cassauy
               .
            
             
               Habascon
               ,
               a
               Roote
               of
               hot
               taste
               ,
               almost
               of
               the
               forme
               and
               bignesse
               of
               a
               Parsney
               .
            
             
               Léekes
               differing
               little
               from
               ours
               in
               England
               .
            
          
           
             
               Fruites
               .
            
             
               CHestnuts
               there
               are
               in
               diuers
               places
               great
               store
               ,
               vsed
               diuers
               waies
               for
               food
               .
            
             
               Walnuts
               there
               are
               two
               kinds
               ,
               and
               of
               them
               infinit
               store
               in
               many
               places
               ,
               where
               are
               very
               great
               woods
               for
               many
               miles
               together
               ,
               the
               third
               part
               of
               the
               trées
               are
               Walnut
               trées
               ,
               they
               vse
               them
               for
               meate
               ,
               and
               make
               a
               milke
               of
               them
               of
               verie
               pleasant
               taste
               ,
               and
               holesome
               .
            
             
               Medlers
               ,
               a
               kinde
               of
               very
               good
               fruit
               ,
               they
               are
               as
               red
               as
               cherries
               ,
               and
               very
               lushous
               swéet
               .
            
             
               Mutaquesunnauk
               ,
               
               a
               kinde
               of
               pleasant
               fruit
               ,
               almost
               of
               the
               shape
               and
               bignesse
               of
               English
               Peares
               ,
               but
               they
               are
               of
               a
               perfect
               red
               colour
               ,
               as
               well
               within
               as
               without
               ,
               they
               grow
               on
               a
               plant
               whose
               leaues
               are
               very
               thicke
               and
               full
               of
               prickles
               ,
               as
               sharpe
               as
               néedles
               :
               some
               ,
               which
               haue
               béene
               in
               
                 Noua
                 Hispania
              
               ,
               where
               they
               haue
               séene
               that
               kinde
               of
               red
               Die
               of
               excéeding
               great
               price
               ,
               which
               is
               called
               Cochenile
               ,
               to
               grow
               ,
               do
               describe
               his
               plant
               right
               like
               vnto
               this
               of
               Mutaquesunnauk
               :
               howbeit
               the
               Cochenile
               is
               not
               the
               fruit
               ,
               but
               a
               graine
               found
               on
               the
               leaues
               of
               the
               plant
               ,
               and
               stricken
               off
               vpon
               sheetes
               ,
               and
               dried
               in
               the
               sunne
               .
            
             
               Grapes
               there
               are
               of
               two
               sorts
               ,
               which
               I
               mentioned
               in
               the
               merchantable
               commodities
               .
            
             
               Strawberies
               there
               are
               ,
               as
               good
               and
               as
               great
               as
               in
               any
               English
               garden
               .
            
             
               
                 such
                 as
                 we
                 haue
                 in
                 England
                 .
              
               
                 Mulberies
                 ,
              
               
                 Apple-crabbes
                 ,
              
               
                 Hurts
                 ,
                 or
                 Hurtleberies
                 ,
              
            
             
               Sacquenummener
               a
               kinde
               of
               berries
               almost
               like
               vnto
               Capers
               but
               somewhat
               greater
               ,
               which
               grow
               together
               in
               clusters
               
               vpon
               a
               plant
               or
               hearbe
               that
               is
               found
               in
               shollow
               waters
               ,
               being
               boiled
               eight
               or
               nine
               houres
               according
               to
               their
               kinde
               ,
               are
               very
               good
               meat
               and
               holsome
               ,
               otherwise
               if
               they
               be
               eaten
               ,
               they
               will
               make
               a
               man
               for
               the
               time
               franticke
               or
               extremely
               sicke
               .
            
             
               A
               Réed
               which
               beareth
               a
               séed
               almost
               like
               vnto
               our
               Rie
               or
               Wheat
               and
               being
               boiled
               is
               good
               meat
               .
            
             
               In
               our
               trauells
               in
               some
               places
               ,
               we
               found
               wilde
               Pease
               like
               vnto
               ours
               in
               England
               ,
               but
               that
               they
               were
               lesse
               ,
               which
               are
               also
               good
               meat
               .
            
             
               A
               kind
               of
               Berry
               like
               vnto
               an
               Acorne
               ,
               of
               fiue
               sorts
               ,
               growing
               on
               seuerall
               kindes
               of
               trées
               :
               the
               one
               sort
               is
               called
               Sagatemener
               ,
               the
               second
               ,
               Osamener
               ,
               the
               third
               Pummuckoner
               .
               the
               inhabitants
               vse
               to
               dry
               them
               vpon
               hurdles
               like
               Malt
               in
               England
               .
               when
               they
               vse
               them
               ,
               they
               first
               water
               them
               till
               they
               be
               soft
               ,
               and
               then
               being
               sod
               ,
               they
               make
               loues
               of
               bread
               of
               them
               .
               of
               these
               thrée
               kindes
               also
               the
               inhabitants
               doe
               vse
               to
               make
               swéet
               oile
               .
            
             
               The
               fourth
               sort
               is
               called
               Sapummener
               ,
               which
               being
               boiled
               or
               perched
               be
               like
               vnto
               rosted
               Chesnuts
               ;
               of
               this
               sort
               they
               make
               bread
               also
               .
            
             
               The
               fift
               sort
               is
               called
               Mangummenauk
               ,
               the
               very
               Acorne
               of
               their
               kind
               of
               Oake
               ;
               being
               dried
               as
               the
               rest
               ,
               and
               after
               watered
               ,
               they
               boile
               them
               ,
               and
               their
               seruants
               ,
               and
               somtimes
               the
               chiefe
               themselues
               eate
               them
               with
               their
               fish
               and
               flesh
               .
            
          
           
             
               Beasts
               .
            
             
               DEere
               ,
               vp
               into
               the
               countrey
               very
               great
               ,
               and
               in
               some
               places
               ,
               great
               store
               .
            
             
               Conies
               ,
               of
               a
               gray
               colour
               like
               vnto
               hares
               :
               they
               make
               mantles
               of
               the
               furre
               or
               flue
               of
               their
               skinnes
               .
            
             
               Saquenuckot
               and
               Maquowoc
               ,
               two
               kindes
               of
               small
               beasts
               greater
               then
               Conies
               ,
               which
               are
               very
               good
               meat
               .
            
             
               Squirels
               ,
               which
               are
               of
               a
               gray
               colour
               ,
               we
               haue
               taken
               and
               eaten
               .
            
             
               Beares
               ,
               which
               are
               of
               blacke
               colour
               .
               They
               are
               good
               meat
               .
               And
               being
               hunted
               they
               climbe
               vp
               into
               trées
               and
               are
               killed
               by
               the
               Saluages
               with
               their
               arrowes
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               by
               vs
               with
               our
               Caliuers
               .
            
             
               The
               Lion
               is
               sometimes
               killed
               by
               the
               Saluages
               and
               eaten
               .
               
               Woolues
               or
               Wooluish
               dogges
               .
            
             
               I
               haue
               the
               names
               of
               eight
               and
               twenty
               sorts
               of
               beasts
               dispersed
               in
               the
               maine
               ,
               of
               which
               their
               are
               onely
               twelue
               kindes
               by
               vs
               as
               yet
               discouered
               .
            
          
           
             
               Fowle
            
             
               TUrkie
               cocks
               and
               Turkie
               hennes
               ,
               Stock-doues
               ,
               and
               Partriges
               ,
               Cranes
               ,
               hernes
               ,
               and
               in
               Winter
               great
               store
               of
               Swannes
               ,
               and
               Géese
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               also
               Parrots
               ,
               Falcons
               ,
               and
               Marlin
               haukes
               .
            
             
               Of
               all
               sorts
               of
               foules
               I
               haue
               the
               names
               in
               the
               countrey
               language
               of
               fowrescore
               and
               sixe
               .
            
          
           
             
               Fish.
               
            
             
               STurgions
               ,
               Herrings
               ,
               Porpoises
               ,
               Troutes
               ,
               Rayes
               ,
               Old-wiues
               ,
               Mullets
               ,
               Plaice
               ,
               and
               very
               many
               other
               sorts
               of
               very
               excellent
               fish
               .
            
             
               Seacrabs
               ,
               Oisters
               ,
               great
               ,
               small
               ,
               round
               ,
               long
               :
               Muscles
               ,
               Scalops
               ,
               Periwincles
               ,
               and
               Creuises
               .
            
             
               Seekanauk
               ,
               a
               kinde
               of
               crustie
               shell-fish
               ,
               which
               is
               good
               meate
               ,
               about
               a
               foot
               in
               bredth
               ,
               hauing
               a
               crusty
               taile
               ,
               many
               legges
               like
               a
               Crabbe
               ,
               and
               her
               eyes
               in
               her
               backe
               .
               They
               are
               found
               in
               shallowes
               of
               water
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               on
               the
               shore
               .
            
             
               Tortoises
               both
               of
               land
               and
               sea
               kinde
               ;
               they
               are
               very
               good
               meats
               and
               their
               egges
               also
               :
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           Certaine
           briefe
           testimonies
           touching
           sundry
           rich
           mines
           of
           Gold
           ,
           Siluer
           ,
           and
           Copper
           ,
           in
           part
           found
           and
           in
           part
           constantly
           heard
           of
           ,
           in
           North
           Florida
           ,
           and
           the
           Inland
           of
           the
           Maine
           of
           Virginia
           ,
           and
           other
           countreys
           there
           vnto
           on
           the
           North
           part
           neere
           adioining
           ,
           gathered
           out
           of
           the
           works
           ,
           all
           (
           one
           excepted
           )
           extant
           in
           print
           ,
           of
           such
           as
           were
           personall
           trauellers
           in
           those
           countries
        
         
           
           IN
           the
           second
           relation
           of
           
             Iaques
             Cartier
          
           the
           12
           chapter
           he
           reporteth
           that
           he
           vnderstood
           by
           Donnacona
           the
           king
           of
           the
           countrey
           ,
           
           and
           others
           ,
           that
           to
           the
           Southwest
           of
           Canada
           there
           are
           people
           clad
           with
           cloth
           ,
           as
           the
           French
           were
           ,
           very
           honest
           ,
           and
           many
           inhabited
           townes
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           haue
           great
           store
           of
           Gold
           and
           red
           Copper
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           
           In
           the
           discouery
           of
           the
           Inland
           of
           Florida
           farre
           to
           the
           North
           begun
           by
           
             Fernando
             de
             Soto
          
           ,
           gouernour
           of
           Cuba
           in
           the
           yéere
           1539.
           (
           and
           to
           be
           séene
           in
           print
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           Master
           
             Richard
             Hackluyt
          
           )
           The
           Indians
           in
           many
           places
           farre
           distant
           the
           one
           from
           the
           other
           gaue
           them
           often
           and
           certaine
           aduertisement
           ,
           that
           beyond
           the
           mountaines
           Northward
           there
           were
           mines
           of
           Gold
           at
           a
           place
           called
           by
           them
           Chisca
           ,
           and
           some
           shewed
           the
           maner
           which
           the
           Indians
           vsed
           in
           refining
           the
           same
           .
           This
           place
           in
           mine
           opinion
           cannot
           be
           farre
           from
           the
           great
           riuer
           that
           falleth
           into
           the
           Southwest
           part
           of
           the
           Bay
           of
           Chesepioc
           .
        
         
           
           The
           Indians
           enformed
           Mounsieur
           
             Rene
             Laudonniere
          
           in
           Florida
           ,
           that
           there
           were
           mines
           of
           red
           mettall
           ,
           which
           they
           call
           in
           their
           language
           
             Sieroa
             Pira
          
           ,
           in
           the
           muuntaines
           of
           Apalatcy
           ,
           which
           vpon
           triall
           made
           thereof
           by
           the
           French
           was
           found
           perfect
           Gold
           ,
           as
           appeareth
           Pagina
           352.
           
           In
           the
           third
           volume
           of
           the
           English
           voiages
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           same
           relation
           there
           is
           very
           often
           
           mention
           of
           Siluer
           and
           excellent
           perfect
           and
           faire
           perles
           found
           by
           the
           french
           in
           those
           parts
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           late
           discouerie
           of
           
             New
             Mexico
          
           made
           by
           Antonio
           
           
             de
             Espeio
          
           on
           the
           backe
           side
           of
           Virginia
           extant
           in
           Spanish
           and
           English
           in
           the
           third
           volume
           of
           the
           English
           voyages
           paginis
           303.
           &c.
           there
           is
           mention
           of
           rich
           Siluer
           mines
           (
           and
           sometimes
           of
           Gold
           in
           aboundance
           )
           eleuen
           or
           twelue
           times
           found
           as
           they
           trauelled
           Northward
           ,
           by
           men
           very
           skilfull
           in
           minerall
           matters
           ,
           which
           went
           in
           the
           voyage
           for
           that
           purpose
           .
           The
           large
           description
           and
           chart
           of
           which
           voyage
           containing
           great
           numbers
           of
           townes
           and
           diuers
           great
           riuers
           discouered
           in
           that
           action
           made
           in
           Mexico
           by
           
             Francisco
             Xamuscado
          
           1585
           being
           intercepted
           afterward
           by
           the
           English
           at
           sea
           ,
           we
           haue
           in
           London
           to
           be
           shewed
           to
           such
           as
           shall
           haue
           occasion
           to
           make
           vse
           of
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           The
           constant
           report
           of
           many
           of
           the
           Saluages
           to
           the
           worshipfull
           
           Master
           
             Ralfe
             Lane
          
           then
           gouernour
           of
           the
           English
           colonie
           in
           Virginia
           of
           the
           rich
           mine
           of
           Wassador
           or
           Gold
           at
           a
           place
           by
           them
           named
           
             Channis
             Temoatam
          
           ,
           twentie
           daies
           iourney
           ouerland
           from
           the
           Mangoaks
           ,
           set
           downe
           by
           himselfe
           at
           large
           in
           the
           first
           part
           of
           his
           relation
           of
           the
           said
           countrey
           of
           Virginia
           ,
           extant
           in
           the
           third
           volume
           of
           the
           English
           voyages
           pagina
           258.
           is
           much
           to
           be
           regarded
           and
           considered
           by
           these
           that
           intend
           to
           prosecute
           this
           new
           enterprise
           of
           planting
           nere
           vnto
           those
           parts
           .
        
         
           I
           could
           giue
           large
           information
           of
           the
           rich
           copper
           mine
           in
           
           the
           East
           side
           of
           the
           Bay
           of
           Menan
           within
           30
           or
           40.
           leagues
           to
           the
           Southwest
           of
           
             Cape
             Breton
          
           ,
           whereof
           I
           my selfe
           haue
           séene
           aboue
           an
           hundred
           pieces
           of
           the
           copper
           ,
           and
           haue
           shewed
           some
           part
           thereof
           to
           diuers
           knightes
           of
           qualitie
           ,
           as
           also
           of
           Salt
           as
           good
           as
           that
           of
           Buruage
           in
           France
           ,
           found
           néere
           that
           Bay
           ,
           and
           could
           make
           proofe
           of
           the
           testimonie
           of
           the
           Saluages
           touching
           a
           Siluer
           mine
           in
           another
           Bay
           within
           two
           or
           thrée
           leagues
           to
           the
           west
           of
           the
           aforesaid
           Bay
           of
           Menan
           :
           But
           I
           reserue
           a
           further
           relation
           héereof
           to
           a
           more
           conuenient
           time
           and
           place
           .
        
         
           Yf
           it
           please
           any
           man
           to
           read
           the
           Summarie
           of
           
             Gonsaluo
             de
             Ouiedo
          
           extant
           in
           part
           in
           the
           English
           decads
           ,
           of
           the
           voyage
           
           of
           
             Sebastian
             Cabote
          
           along
           this
           coast
           of
           Virginia
           and
           Norumbega
           :
           
           And
           the
           short
           relation
           of
           
             Iohn
             de
             Verarsana
          
           ,
           which
           ranged
           the
           said
           coast
           long
           after
           him
           in
           the
           yéere
           1524.
           which
           is
           also
           to
           be
           séene
           in
           the
           third
           volume
           of
           the
           English
           voyages
           pagine
           298.
           he
           shall
           finde
           often
           mention
           of
           rich
           Minerals
           and
           store
           of
           excellent
           copper
           ,
           which
           so
           long
           agoe
           they
           saw
           among
           the
           Saluages
           ,
           they
           being
           the
           first
           knowen
           Christians
           that
           euer
           saw
           those
           coasts
           .
           So
           that
           it
           were
           more
           then
           wilful
           madnesse
           to
           doubt
           of
           rich
           mines
           to
           be
           in
           the
           aforesaid
           countreys
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A16711-e120
           
             They
             fel
             with
             
               S.
               Marie
            
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             Açores
             .
          
           
             They
             discouered
             land
             the
             14.
             of
             May.
             
          
           
             Eight
             Indians
             come
             aboord
             of
             them
             .
          
           
             The
             description
             of
             them
             .
          
           
             Their
             first
             landing
             .
          
           
             Another
             Indian
             .
          
           
             Anexcellent
             Codfishing
             .
          
           
             A
             great
             headland
             .
          
           
             Many
             faire
             Islands
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             Island
             called
             Marthaes
             vineyard
             .
          
           
             Beeches
             .
          
           
             Cedars
             .
          
           
             Uines
             in
             abundance
             .
          
           
             Springs
             .
          
           
             A
             Lake
             .
          
           
             Deere
             .
          
           
             Other
             beasts
             .
          
           
             Cranes
             .
          
           
             Hernshawes
             .
          
           
             Bitters
             .
          
           
             Geese
             .
          
           
             Mallards
             .
          
           
             Teales
             .
          
           
             Tabacco
             .
          
           
             Elizabeths
             Island
             .
          
           
             Wheat
             ,
             Barley
             ,
             and
             Oats
             sowed
             ,
             came
             vp
             nine
             inches
             in
             fourteene
             daies
             .
          
           
             Oakes
             .
          
           
             Cedars
             .
          
           
             Beech.
             
          
           
             Elme
             .
          
           
             Hollie
             .
          
           
             Walnut
             trees
             .
          
           
             Cherry
             trees
             .
          
           
             Sassafras
             trees
             .
          
           
             Diuers
             other
             trees
             .
          
           
             A
             lake
             three
             miles
             about
             .
          
           
             Small
             Tortoises
             .
          
           
             Abundance
             of
             fowles
             ,
             much
             bigger
             than
             ours
             in
             England
             .
          
           
             Ground
             nuts
             .
          
           
             Shell
             fish
             .
          
           
             The
             exceeding
             beautie
             of
             the
             maine
             land
             .
          
           
             Great
             Lakes
             .
          
           
             Large
             medowes
             .
          
           
             Seuen
             Indians
             .
          
           
             A
             broad
             riuer
             .
          
           
             A
             good
             harbour
             .
          
           
             The
             English
             house
             .
          
           
             Eleuen
             canows
             with
             fiftie
             Indians
             in
             them
             .
          
           
             Their
             captaine
             .
          
           
             Seuerall
             sorts
             of
             Furres
             .
          
           
             Red
             Copper
             in
             abundance
             .
          
           
             Chaines
             .
          
           
             Collars
             .
          
           
             Drinking
             cuppes
             of
             Copper
             .
          
           
             Mines
             of
             Copper
             .
          
           
             Minerall
             stones
             .
          
           
             Emerie
             stones
             .
          
           
             Flaxe
             .
          
           
             Indians
             apt
             for
             seruice
             .
          
           
             Sassafras
             .
          
           
             A
             goodly
             people
             ,
             &
             of
             good
             conditions
             .
          
           
             Their
             apparell
             .
          
           
             Their
             women
             .
          
           
             The
             goodnesse
             or
             the
             Climat
             .
          
           
             Their
             return
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A16711-e2260
           
             Temperate
             Climats
             .
          
           
             Her
             Maiesties
             title
             .
          
           
             A
             commodious
             and
             safe
             course
             .
          
           
             Riuers
             .
          
           
             Fertile
             lands
             .
          
           
             Rape
             oiles
             .
          
           
             Dies
             .
          
           
             Minerals
             .
          
           
             Copper
             .
          
           
             Grapes
             .
          
           
             Beasts
             .
          
           
             Fowles
             .
          
           
             Commodities
             in
             generall
             .
          
           
             Imploiment
             of
             our
             people
             ,
             and
             repairing
             decaied
             ports
             .
          
           
             The
             trade
             to
             Newfound-land
             shal
             be
             remoued
             to
             vs.
             
          
           
             Spanish
             commodities
             .
          
           
             English
             commodities
             .
          
           
             Uent
             of
             our
             Cloth.
             
          
           
             Intercourse
             will
             soone
             be
             had
             with
             other
             nacions
             .
          
           
             In
             commodities
             in
             the
             Newland
             trade
             .
          
           
             Commodities
             by
             hauing
             trade
             with
             vs.
             
          
           
             Note
             .
          
           
             An
             easie
             enterprise
             ,
             and
             great
             reward
             .
          
           
             The
             English
             nation
             most
             fit
             for
             discoueries
             .
          
           
             The
             Saluages
             vnable
             to
             defend
             or
             offend
             .
          
           
             This
             action
             but
             set
             on
             foot
             ,
             will
             goe
             forward
             of
             it selfe
             .
          
           
             Ouersight
             in
             choise
             of
             a
             new
             habitation
             .
          
           
             A
             matter
             of
             importance
             for
             England
             .
          
           
             A
             large
             course
             of
             a
             riuer
             thorow
             a
             mightie
             continent
             ,
             produceth
             a
             portable
             riuer
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A16711-e3830
           
             Meanes
             to
             breed
             a
             speedie
             trade
             .
          
           
             A
             gentle
             course
             best
             to
             be
             held
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A16711-e5420
           
             Their
             fruits
             .
          
           
             These
             may
             be
             the
             Tunas
             .
          
           
             The
             beasts
             of
             Florida
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A16711-e5820
           
             The
             trees
             of
             Florida
             .
          
           
             Good
             Grapes
             
          
           
             The
             Beasts
             of
             Florida
             .
          
           
             The
             Fowles
             of
             Florida
             .
          
           
             Gold
             and
             Siluer
             .
          
           
             Store
             of
             dies
             and
             colours
             .
          
           
             Oile
             in
             Florida
             ,
          
        
         
           Notes for div A16711-e6140
           
             These
             plants
             are
             called
             Tunas
             also
             ,
             whereof
             there
             be
             three
             sorts
             :
             that
             which
             beareth
             no
             fruit
             bringeth
             foorth
             the
             Cochenile
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A16711-e7430
           
             I
             take
             these
             to
             be
             the
             people
             toward
             Cibola
             ,
             clad
             in
             mantels
             of
             cotten
             .