Voyages and travels over all Europe Containing all that is most curious in that part of the world. In eight tomes. Done out of French.
         Fer, Nicolas de, 1646-1720.
      
       
         
           1693
        
      
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             Voyages and travels over all Europe Containing all that is most curious in that part of the world. In eight tomes. Done out of French.
             Fer, Nicolas de, 1646-1720.
          
           [12], 162, [8], 146, [4], 139, [1] p., [1] leaf of plates : ill., map
           
             Printed for H. Rhodes next Bride-Lane in Fleetstreet, and J. Harris at the Harrow in the Poultry,
             London :
             1693[-1694].
          
           
             By Nicolas de Fer.
             Caption title on p. 1 (vol. 1) reads: Historical voyages & travels over Europe.
             Each volume has separate dated title page, register and pagination.
             Volume 1 has frontispiece portrait, folding map between C1 and C2, and three final pages of advertisement.
             Volume 2 has order to print dated March 13th. 1692/3.
             Volume 3 t.p. dated 1694.
             Imperfect: copy at reel 1964:11 lacks v.2.
             Reproductions of the originals in the British Library (reel 1964:11), and the Bodleian Library (reel 2029:15).
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Voyages and travels -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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               VOYAGES
               AND
               TRAVELS
               OVER
               ALL
               Europe
               .
               CONTAINING
               All
               that
               is
               most
               Curious
               in
               that
               Part
               of
               the
               WORLD
               .
               In
               Eight
               TOMES
               .
            
             
               Done
               out
               of
               French.
               
            
             
               LONDON
               ,
               Printed
               for
               
                 H.
                 Rhodes
              
               next
               Bride-Lane
               in
               Fleetstreet
               ,
               and
               
                 J.
                 Harris
              
               at
               the
               Harrow
               in
               the
               Poultry
               .
               1693.
               
            
             
               
                 FRENCH
                 F.
                 H.
                 van
                 .
                 Hove
                 .
                 
                   Sculp
                   :
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Licensed
               ,
            
             
               
                 Jan.
                 20th
                 .
                 1692-93
                 .
              
               
                 Edm.
                 Bohun
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               TO
               THE
               READER
               .
            
             
               'T
               Is
               a
               Custom
               among
               Travellers
               ,
               that
               are
               Persons
               of
               Curiosity
               ,
               that
               when
               they
               come
               to
               any
               City
               or
               Town
               of
               Note
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               first
               Questions
               which
               they
               put
               to
               their
               Hosts
               is
               generally
               ,
               what
               is
               most-remarkable
               in
               the
               Place
               .
               To
               this
               ,
               Monsieur
               
                 la
                 Fer
              
               ,
               Geographer
               to
               the
               Dauphin
               of
               France
               ,
               makes
               a
               particular
               Answer
               ,
               so
               far
               as
               concerns
               the
               most
               Considerable
               Cities
               and
               Towns
               of
               Europe
               ,
               in
               Eight
               small
               Tomes
               of
               
                 Historical
                 Travels
              
               ,
               successively
               intended
               to
               be
               presented
               to
               your
               View
               ;
               wherein
               he
               gives
               a
               neat
               and
               short
               Accompt
               of
               what
               is
               most
               worthy
               the
               Observation
               of
               a
               Quaint
               and
               Inquisitive
               Traveller
               in
               all
               the
               most
               Eminent
               Places
               of
               this
               the
               Most
               Noble
               fourth
               Part
               of
               the
               World.
               A
               pleasing
               Pocket
               Information
               for
               a
               Traveller
               ,
               where
               e're
               he
               comes
               ,
               to
               desire
               to
               see
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               ask
               what
               is
               to
               be
               seen
               .
               He
               gives
               yee
               moreover
               ,
               the
               true
               Character
               of
               the
               several
               People
               ,
               by
               telling
               yee
               their
               Predominant
               Humours
               ;
               which
               is
               no
               
               less
               a
               useful
               Direction
               for
               him
               to
               manage
               his
               Conversation
               with
               that
               variety
               of
               Strangers
               among
               whom
               his
               Curiosity
               or
               his
               Business
               leads
               him
               .
            
             
               These
               
                 Historical
                 Travels
              
               ,
               will
               consist
               of
               Eight
               Volumes
               ,
               of
               which
               the
               First
               as
               you
               see
               begins
               with
               France
               ;
               The
               Second
               will
               treat
               of
               Spain
               and
               Portugal
               ;
               The
               Third
               of
               Italy
               ;
               The
               Fourth
               of
               
                 Germany
                 ,
                 Switzerland
              
               and
               Hungary
               ;
               The
               Fifth
               of
               
                 Muscovy
                 ,
                 Turky
              
               and
               Tartary
               ;
               The
               Sixth
               will
               enclose
               
                 Poland
                 ,
                 Swedeland
              
               and
               Denmark
               ;
               The
               Seventh
               Holland
               and
               the
               Low-Countries
               ;
               And
               the
               Eighth
               will
               Comprehend
               
                 England
                 ,
                 Scotland
              
               and
               Ireland
               .
               Neither
               is
               it
               to
               be
               thought
               that
               these
               are
               Collections
               and
               Relations
               of
               the
               Author
               by
               hear-say
               ;
               for
               he
               tells
               yee
               that
               he
               had
               been
               Abroad
               in
               Forreign
               Countries
               about
               Twelve
               or
               Thirteen
               Years
               ,
               and
               that
               all
               that
               while
               he
               made
               his
               Remarks
               upon
               the
               Religion
               ,
               Customs
               ,
               Humours
               and
               Strength
               of
               several
               Nations
               ,
               and
               observ'd
               what
               was
               most
               rare
               and
               curious
               in
               their
               Countries
               :
               Confessing
               withal
               ,
               that
               he
               took
               into
               his
               assistance
               the
               Memoirs
               of
               a
               certain
               Learned
               Friend
               of
               his
               ,
               who
               had
               been
               Two
               and
               Twenty
               Years
               Collecting
               'em
               together
               ;
               but
               liv'd
               not
               long
               enough
               to
               put
               'em
               into
               Order
               .
            
             
             
               About
               the
               same
               time
               came
               forth
               the
               King's
               Geographer
               ,
               
                 de
                 la
              
               Croix's
               
                 Universal
                 Geographie
              
               ,
               or
               his
               
                 New
                 Method
                 for
                 the
                 Understanding
                 that
                 Science
              
               ;
               but
               besides
               that
               ,
               there
               is
               little
               in
               it
               but
               what
               has
               been
               repeated
               over
               and
               over
               again
               ,
               and
               that
               we
               had
               nothing
               to
               do
               with
               learning
               Geography
               ;
               I
               made
               a
               Vow
               ,
               had
               I
               been
               a
               Novice
               ,
               not
               to
               learn
               it
               by
               his
               
                 New
                 Method
              
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               Obscurest
               that
               ever
               I
               met
               with
               ;
               in
               regard
               he
               has
               so
               conceal'd
               and
               hid
               up
               his
               Towns
               in
               References
               and
               Subdivisions
               of
               Provinces
               ,
               that
               he
               that
               looks
               for
               any
               City
               ,
               must
               run
               from
               Post
               to
               Pillar
               ,
               and
               be
               at
               a
               tedious
               and
               unnecessary
               Trouble
               ,
               prevented
               by
               the
               common
               Alphabetical
               Way
               ,
               before
               he
               can
               find
               it
               out
               .
               However
               I
               made
               this
               Use
               of
               him
               ,
               that
               where
               he
               had
               any
               thing
               Proper
               for
               our
               Vse
               ,
               which
               
                 la
                 Ferr
              
               had
               for
               brevity
               omitted
               ,
               I
               thought
               it
               but
               reason
               ,
               that
               one
               Brother
               should
               help
               another
               ;
               and
               to
               that
               end
               ,
               I
               took
               out
               all
               that
               was
               material
               in
               him
               and
               made
               for
               our
               Purpose
               .
               Which
               as
               it
               serves
               to
               Complete
               
                 la
                 Ferr
              
               ,
               so
               it
               does
               
                 de
                 la
                 Croix
              
               no
               Injury
               ;
               who
               may
               go
               on
               with
               his
               New
               Method
               for
               all
               us
               .
            
             
               'T
               is
               to
               be
               confess'd
               ,
               That
               out
               of
               a
               natural
               Propensity
               of
               the
               French
               to
               brag
               of
               their
               own
               Country
               ,
               Monsieur
               
                 la
                 Ferr
              
               is
               
               sometimes
               too
               apt
               to
               fall
               into
               Extasies
               and
               Raptures
               in
               Applause
               of
               the
               Beauties
               and
               Prodigies
               of
               Transcending
               France
               ,
               and
               the
               Conquests
               of
               his
               Invincible
               Monarch
               .
               But
               though
               we
               could
               not
               but
               leave
               some
               sprinklings
               of
               his
               Folly
               in
               some
               places
               ,
               as
               well
               because
               we
               could
               not
               interrupt
               his
               Sence
               ,
               as
               to
               shew
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               French
               Bird
               ,
               yet
               care
               has
               been
               taken
               to
               Prune
               off
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               those
               Impertinencies
               ,
               and
               to
               keep
               him
               as
               close
               as
               possible
               to
               his
               Text
               :
               For
               in
               short
               ,
               the
               Thing
               in
               the
               main
               is
               Vseful
               and
               Pleasant
               ,
               as
               being
               the
               most
               Delightful
               part
               of
               Geography
               ,
               altogether
               a
               Novelty
               ,
               and
               prosecuted
               with
               Judgment
               by
               the
               Author
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               Benefit
               and
               Ease
               of
               those
               ,
               who
               not
               having
               the
               Opportunity
               ,
               or
               Bodies
               fitted
               to
               endure
               the
               Tempers
               of
               various
               Climates
               ,
               are
               by
               this
               means
               enabled
               to
               Travel
               over
               whole
               Countries
               and
               Regions
               with
               their
               Eyes
               ,
               and
               have
               all
               the
               Curiosities
               of
               Europe
               brought
               home
               to
               their
               own
               Studies
               ,
               at
               the
               Labour
               and
               Expence
               of
               other
               Men.
               
            
          
           
             
             
               ADVERTISEMENT
               .
            
             
               YOu
               will
               meet
               with
               many
               Hard
               Names
               of
               French
               Courts
               and
               Jurisdictions
               in
               the
               following
               Relations
               ,
               which
               many
               in
               England
               understand
               no
               more
               then
               the
               French
               understand
               our
               Cursitors
               ,
               Custos
               Brevium's
               ,
               Philizers
               ,
               Sheriffs
               Turns
               ,
               Wardmoots
               ,
               &c.
               
               And
               therefore
               we
               thought
               it
               convenient
               to
               give
               a
               short
               Exposition
               of
               what
               the
               Reader
               will
               frequently
               find
               repeated
               in
               this
               first
               Volume
               .
            
             
               
                 BAilliage
                 ,
              
               
                 is
                 the
                 Precinct
                 ,
                 Office
                 Jurisdiction
                 of
                 a
                 Bailly
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Bailli
                 ,
              
               
                 is
                 a
                 Magistrate
                 appointed
                 within
                 a
                 Province
                 or
                 certain
                 Precinct
                 ,
                 to
                 execute
                 Justice
                 ,
                 maintain
                 the
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 preserve
                 the
                 People
                 from
                 Oppression
                 ,
                 Vexation
                 ,
                 and
                 Wrong
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 purpose
                 ,
                 he
                 takes
                 Cognizance
                 of
                 Treasons
                 committed
                 ,
                 False
                 Money
                 Coin'd
                 ,
                 of
                 Robberies
                 ,
                 Murthers
                 ,
                 Rebellions
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 He
                 makes
                 Proclamation
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 ,
                 calls
                 the
                 Ban
                 and
                 Arriere
                 Ban
                 ;
                 and
                 leads
                 forth
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 rais'd
                 by
                 it
                 .
                 He
                 also
                 determines
                 Appeals
                 from
                 the
                 Sentences
                 of
                 the
                 Provosts
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Inferiour
                 Judges
                 .
              
               
               
                 Chamber
                 of
                 Accompts
                 ,
              
               
                 The
                 Court
                 of
                 Accompts
                 or
                 of
                 the
                 Exchequer
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 is
                 one
                 in
                 every
                 Town
                 of
                 France
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Parlament
                 .
              
               
                 Chamber
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 Chambre
                 de
                 Monnoyes
              
               
                 is
                 a
                 Soveraign
                 Court
                 wherein
                 the
                 Currantness
                 ,
                 Weight
                 and
                 Value
                 of
                 Money
                 are
                 examin'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Disorders
                 and
                 Offences
                 of
                 Mintmen
                 ,
                 Coyners
                 ,
                 and
                 Clippers
                 punish'd
                 .
                 Which
                 Court
                 has
                 two
                 Presidents
                 ,
                 and
                 Eight
                 general
                 Assistants
                 belonging
                 to
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Exchequer
                 of
                 Normandy
                 ,
              
               
                 is
                 an
                 Assembly
                 of
                 High
                 Justiciaries
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 Decrees
                 ,
                 Orders
                 ,
                 Commissions
                 and
                 Injunctions
                 ,
                 awarded
                 by
                 Bailli's
                 ,
                 Viscounts
                 ,
                 &c.
                 may
                 be
                 〈◊〉
                 and
                 avoided
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Chancery
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 the
                 Chanceries
                 of
                 Cities
                 are
                 meant
                 the
                 Perites
                 Chanceleries
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Chanceries
                 of
                 Parlaments
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 visited
                 once
                 a
                 Year
                 by
                 the
                 Masters
                 of
                 Requests
                 in
                 their
                 Circuits
                 assign'd
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Grand
                 Chancellor
                 of
                 France
                 .
              
               
                 Consular
                 Jurisdiction
                 ;
              
               
                 The
                 Consuls
                 in
                 the
                 good
                 Towns
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 are
                 Five
                 Honest
                 and
                 Substantial
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 who
                 Determine
                 all
                 Cases
                 of
                 Debt
                 not
                 exceeding
                 400
                 Livres
                 Tournois
                 (
                 a
                 Livre
                 
                 Tournois
                 is
                 Two
                 Shillings
                 English
                 )
                 between
                 Merchant
                 and
                 Merchant
                 ;
                 their
                 Authority
                 continues
                 a
                 Year
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 utmost
                 Punishment
                 they
                 can
                 inflict
                 extends
                 but
                 to
                 Imprisonment
                 .
              
               
                 Election
                 ,
              
               
                 The
                 Office
                 and
                 Circuit
                 of
                 an
                 Eleu
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 a
                 General
                 Assessor
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 Aids
                 and
                 Subsidies
                 ,
                 who
                 rates
                 and
                 taxes
                 the
                 Villages
                 and
                 Parishes
                 of
                 the
                 Election
                 or
                 Division
                 wherein
                 he
                 resides
                 .
              
               
                 Generality
                 ,
              
               
                 A
                 Place
                 for
                 the
                 General
                 Receipt
                 of
                 the
                 Finances
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 such
                 a
                 Number
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Rouen
                   ,
                   Tholouse
                   ,
                   Orleans
                   ,
                   Limoges
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Jurats
                 of
                 Bourdeaux
                 ,
              
               
                 are
                 as
                 the
                 Eschevins
                 or
                 Sheriffs
                 in
                 other
                 Cities
                 .
              
               
                 Mareschalship
              
               
                 is
                 the
                 Office
                 and
                 Jurisdiction
                 of
                 a
                 Marshal
                 of
                 France
                 .
                 The
                 Lord
                 Marshals
                 of
                 France
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Francis
                 I.
                 were
                 but
                 two
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 their
                 several
                 Provinces
                 assign'd
                 'em
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 rode
                 their
                 Circuits
                 into
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 present
                 at
                 all
                 General
                 Musters
                 ,
                 to
                 observe
                 how
                 Military
                 Discipline
                 was
                 observ'd
                 ;
                 to
                 View
                 the
                 Fortifications
                 and
                 Reparations
                 of
                 Frontier
                 Towns
                 ;
                 How
                 the
                 Arsenals
                 were
                 stor'd
                 with
                 Ammunition
                 and
                 Provisions
                 ;
                 and
                 lastly
                 ,
                 to
                 provide
                 for
                 the
                 Punishment
                 
                 of
                 Idle
                 ,
                 Vagrant
                 and
                 loose
                 Persons
                 .
                 But
                 now
                 their
                 Number
                 is
                 uncertain
                 ;
                 the
                 Marshal's
                 Battoon
                 of
                 Command
                 being
                 given
                 as
                 the
                 Reward
                 of
                 Prowess
                 and
                 Conduct
                 .
              
               
                 Presidial
                 Seats
                 ;
              
               
                 are
                 Courts
                 of
                 Justice
                 Establish'd
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1551.
                 in
                 divers
                 good
                 Towns
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Civil
                 Causes
                 not
                 exceeding
                 250
                 Livres
                 Tournois
                 are
                 heard
                 and
                 adjudg'd
                 Soveraignly
                 and
                 without
                 Appeals
                 .
              
               
                 Seneschalship
                 ,
              
               
                 the
                 Jurisdiction
                 of
                 a
                 Seneschal
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 a
                 Chief
                 Justice
                 or
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 a
                 Precinct
                 ,
                 who
                 has
                 the
                 same
                 Authority
                 which
                 is
                 enjoy'd
                 by
                 a
                 Bailli
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 he
                 differs
                 only
                 in
                 Name
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
               Historical
               Voyages
               &
               Travels
               OVER
               EUROPE
               .
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 Of
                 Europe
                 in
                 general
                 .
              
               
                 THE
                 World
                 is
                 usually
                 divided
                 into
                 four
                 Parts
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   Asia
                   ,
                   Africa
                   ,
                   America
                
                 and
                 Europe
                 .
                 This
                 last
                 is
                 the
                 smallest
                 of
                 all
                 ;
                 but
                 without
                 contradiction
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 it
                 is
                 most
                 Populous
                 ,
                 most
                 Fertile
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 the
                 most
                 noble
                 and
                 best
                 order'd
                 Forms
                 of
                 Government
                 .
                 The
                 Bounds
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 Northern
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Frozen
                 Sea
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 the
                 Atlantick
                 Ocean
                 ;
                 the
                 Mediterranean
                 ,
                 
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 which
                 separates
                 it
                 from
                 Africa
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 the
                 Aegean
                 Sea
                 ,
                 the
                 Streight
                 of
                 Gallipoli
                 ,
                 the
                 Sea
                 of
                 Marmara
                 ,
                 the
                 Streight
                 of
                 Constantinople
                 ,
                 the
                 Black
                 Sea
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Palus
                   Maeotis
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Tanais
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 which
                 part
                 it
                 from
                 Asia
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Length
                 of
                 it
                 from
                 Cape
                 St.
                 Vincents
                 in
                 the
                 Western
                 part
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 mouth
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Ob
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Frontiers
                 of
                 Muscovy
                 ,
                 is
                 about
                 thirteen
                 hundred
                 Leagues
                 .
              
               
                 Moreover
                 there
                 are
                 always
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 Europe
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 two
                 Empires
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 Germany
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 Turky
                 ;
                 seven
                 Kingdoms
                 under
                 different
                 Soveraigns
                 who
                 acknowledge
                 no
                 Superior
                 ;
                 
                   France
                   ,
                   Spain
                   ,
                   England
                   ,
                   Portugal
                   ,
                   Sweden
                   ,
                   Denmark
                
                 and
                 Poland
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 six
                 Hereditary
                 ,
                 the
                 latter
                 Elective
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 now
                 nine
                 Electorates
                 ,
                 
                   Mayence
                   ,
                   Treves
                   ,
                   Cologne
                   ,
                   Bohemia
                   ,
                   Bavaria
                   ,
                   Saxony
                   ,
                   Brandenburgh
                   ,
                
                 the
                 Palatinate
                 ,
                 and
                 Hanover
                 ;
                 which
                 are
                 all
                 Soveraign
                 States
                 under
                 the
                 Titles
                 of
                 Dukedoms
                 ,
                 Marquisates
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 We
                 have
                 also
                 in
                 Europe
                 two
                 Great
                 Dukedomes
                 ,
                 Muscovy
                 and
                 Tuscany
                 .
                 Six
                 other
                 Dukedoms
                 ,
                 besides
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 enclos'd
                 within
                 the
                 Empire
                 ;
                 
                   viz.
                   
                   Lorrain
                   ,
                   Savoy
                   ,
                   Mantoua
                   ,
                   Modena
                   ,
                   Parma
                
                 and
                 Curland
                 .
                 Seven
                 Republicks
                 ;
                 viz.
                 The
                 United
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 call'd
                 
                   Holland
                   ,
                   Switzerland
                   ,
                   Venice
                   ,
                   Genoa
                   ,
                   Luca
                   ,
                
                 St.
                 Marin
                 ,
                 and
                 Ragusa
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 all
                 this
                 there
                 is
                 the
                 Arch-Dukedom
                 of
                 Austria
                 ,
                 the
                 Patrimony
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 who
                 also
                 possesses
                 Bohemia
                 and
                 Hungary
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Principalities
                 of
                 
                   Transylvania
                   ,
                   Moldavia
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Walachia
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 possess'd
                 by
                 particular
                 Princes
                 who
                 are
                 tributary
                 either
                 to
                 the
                 Emperor
                 or
                 the
                 Grand
                 Signior
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 to
                 both
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Principal
                   Islands
                   of
                
                 Europe
                 are
                 England
                 
                   united
                   to
                
                 Scotland
                 ,
                 Ireland
                 ,
                 Majorca
                 ,
                 Minorca
                 ,
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 Sardignia
                 ,
                 Corfu
                 ,
                 Creet
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   an
                   infinite
                   number
                   of
                   others
                   in
                   the
                
                 Archipelago
                 .
                 
                   And
                   the
                   Highest
                   Mountains
                   are
                   in
                
                 France
                 ,
                 the
                 Pyreneans
                 
                   and
                   the
                
                 Alpes
                 ;
                 La
                 Sierra
                 Morena
                 in
                 Spain
                 ;
                 the
                 Apennine
                 in
                 Italy
                 ;
                 Parnassus
                 in
                 Greece
                 ;
                 the
                 Crapack
                 in
                 Poland
                 ;
                 the
                 Rhipheans
                 in
                 Muscovy
                 ;
                 and
                 Mont
                 Gibel
                 in
                 Sicily
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 is
                 water'd
                 with
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 fair
                 Streams
                 and
                 vast
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 which
                 contribute
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 to
                 the
                 Fertility
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 considerable
                 are
                 the
                 Seine
                 ,
                 the
                 Loire
                 ,
                 the
                 
                 Garonne
                 ,
                 the
                 Rhone
                 in
                 France
                 ;
                 the
                 Duero
                 ,
                 the
                 Tagus
                 ,
                 the
                 Guadiana
                 ,
                 the
                 Guadalquivir
                 ,
                 the
                 Ebro
                 in
                 Spain
                 ;
                 the
                 Po
                 and
                 Tibur
                 in
                 Italy
                 ;
                 the
                 Danaw
                 ,
                 the
                 Rhine
                 ,
                 the
                 Elbe
                 ,
                 the
                 Order
                 in
                 Germany
                 ;
                 the
                 Vistula
                 and
                 Niepor
                 in
                 Poland
                 ;
                 the
                 Volga
                 ,
                 and
                 Don
                 ,
                 in
                 Muscovy
                 ;
                 the
                 
                   Thames
                   ,
                   Severn
                
                 and
                 Trent
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 the
                 Tay
                 in
                 Scotland
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Shanon
                 in
                 Ireland
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 Of
                 France
                 in
                 general
                 .
              
               
                 FRance
                 is
                 to
                 Europe
                 ,
                 as
                 Europe
                 is
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 for
                 number
                 of
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Ingenuity
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 the
                 Fertility
                 of
                 the
                 Soil
                 ,
                 the
                 Temper
                 of
                 the
                 Climate
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Excellency
                 of
                 the
                 Wine
                 .
                 The
                 Government
                 is
                 Monarchical
                 ,
                 but
                 too
                 severely
                 Absolute
                 ,
                 tho
                 the
                 Nobility
                 are
                 brave
                 and
                 Warlike
                 .
                 This
                 Kingdom
                 is
                 seated
                 between
                 the
                 forty
                 second
                 and
                 fifty
                 first
                 degree
                 of
                 Latitude
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fifteenth
                 and
                 nineteenth
                 of
                 Longitude
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 bounded
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 by
                 the
                 Great
                 Ocean
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Rhine
                 and
                 the
                 Alpes
                 ,
                 that
                 separate
                 it
                 
                 from
                 Germany
                 and
                 Italy
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Mediterranean
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Pyreneans
                 that
                 divide
                 it
                 from
                 Spain
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 by
                 St.
                 Georges-Channel
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 French
                 call
                 
                   La
                   Manche
                
                 ,
                 that
                 parts
                 it
                 from
                 England
                 .
                 But
                 these
                 Bounds
                 have
                 not
                 hinder'd
                 the
                 Kings
                 from
                 frequently
                 extending
                 their
                 Dominions
                 beyond
                 these
                 Limits
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 searching
                 past
                 Ages
                 for
                 Examples
                 ,
                 no
                 body
                 can
                 be
                 ignorant
                 that
                 in
                 our
                 days
                 neither
                 the
                 Rhine
                 ,
                 the
                 Alpes
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Pyreneans
                 could
                 stop
                 the
                 Rapidness
                 of
                 the
                 Conquests
                 of
                 Lewis
                 the
                 XIV
                 .
              
               
                 France
                 is
                 about
                 two
                 hundred
                 and
                 sixty
                 Leagues
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 take
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Britany
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Frontiers
                 of
                 Switzerland
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 hundred
                 and
                 forty
                 in
                 breadth
                 from
                 Dunkirk
                 ro
                 Perpignan
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Kingdom
                   is
                   compos'd
                   of
                   Three
                   Estates
                   ,
                   the
                   Clergy
                   ,
                   the
                   Nobility
                   and
                   the
                   People
                   .
                   In
                   1614.
                   the
                   States
                   General
                   of
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   being
                   summon'd
                   to
                   meet
                   at
                
                 Paris
                 ,
                 
                   appear'd
                   there
                   under
                   Twelve
                   great
                   Governments
                   ;
                   which
                   are
                
                 Picardy
                 ,
                 Normandy
                 ,
                 Champagne
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Island
                   of
                
                 France
                 ,
                 Britany
                 ,
                 Orleanois
                 ,
                 Burgogne
                 ,
                 Lionois
                 ,
                 the
                 Dauphinate
                 ,
                 Provence
                 ,
                 Languedoc
                 and
                 Guienne
                 ;
                 
                   and
                   
                   under
                   these
                   Governments
                   are
                   comprehended
                
                 Le
                 Maine
                 ,
                 Anjou
                 ,
                 Tourain
                 ,
                 Poictou
                 Xaintoin
                 ,
                 Perigort
                 ,
                 Limozin
                 ,
                 Querci
                 ,
                 Rovergne
                 ,
                 Auvergne
                 ,
                 Gevodan
                 ,
                 Albigeois
                 ,
                 Bearne
                 ,
                 Bigorre
                 ,
                 Foix
                 ,
                 Cominges
                 ,
                 Armagnac
                 ,
                 Vivarez
                 ,
                 Le
                 Forest
                 ,
                 Beaugelois
                 ,
                 Bugeay
                 ,
                 Valcomay
                 ,
                 La
                 Bresse
                 ,
                 Nivernois
                 ,
                 Bourbonnois
                 ,
                 Berri
                 ,
                 Salogne
                 ,
                 Gatinois
                 ,
                 Beauce
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 All
                 this
                 shews
                 us
                 that
                 France
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 a
                 very
                 Potent
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 since
                 it
                 includes
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 number
                 of
                 Fair
                 Provinces
                 ;
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 contain
                 more
                 Cities
                 ,
                 Burroughs
                 and
                 Villages
                 then
                 many
                 Soveraign
                 Kingdoms
                 and
                 Principalities
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 you
                 add
                 to
                 these
                 the
                 Conquests
                 of
                 Lewis
                 the
                 XIII
                 and
                 XIV
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 find
                 the
                 Limits
                 of
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 much
                 larger
                 Extent
                 ,
                 since
                 those
                 two
                 Monarchs
                 subdu'd
                 
                   Franche
                   Contè
                   ,
                   Lorraine
                   ,
                   Alsatia
                   ,
                   Artois
                   ,
                
                 part
                 of
                 
                   Flanders
                   ,
                   Hainault
                   ,
                   Luxemburgh
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 France
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 known
                 to
                 the
                 Ancients
                 under
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 Gaul
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 Hereditary
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 which
                 cannot
                 descend
                 to
                 the
                 Female
                 Sex
                 ,
                 by
                 vertue
                 of
                 the
                 Salique
                 Law.
                 It
                 always
                 belongs
                 to
                 the
                 Eldest
                 Son
                 and
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Male
                 Issue
                 to
                 the
                 next
                 of
                 
                 Kin.
                 France
                 has
                 beheld
                 upon
                 the
                 Throne
                 Kings
                 of
                 three
                 Races
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 was
                 that
                 of
                 Meroveus
                 ;
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 Charlemaigne
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 third
                 that
                 of
                 
                   Hugh
                   Capet
                   .
                   Pharamond
                
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 :
                 He
                 began
                 to
                 Reign
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 400
                 of
                 our
                 Salvation
                 ;
                 and
                 Clovis
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 Fifth
                 King
                 of
                 this
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 who
                 embrac'd
                 Christianity
                 in
                 499
                 being
                 baptiz'd
                 by
                 St.
                 Remi
                 ,
                 Bishop
                 of
                 Rheims
                 ;
                 and
                 ever
                 since
                 that
                 time
                 it
                 was
                 that
                 our
                 Kings
                 have
                 born
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Most
                 
                   Christian
                   King
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Eldest
                   Son
                   of
                   the
                   Church
                
                 which
                 no
                 other
                 Potentate
                 disputes
                 with
                 '
                 em
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Humour
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 lookt
                 upon
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 quick
                 and
                 penetrating
                 Wit
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 civil
                 ,
                 jolly
                 ,
                 and
                 generous
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 most
                 inconstant
                 and
                 most
                 impatient
                 in
                 Europe
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 reckon'd
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 France
                 Eight
                 Arch-Bishopricks
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 under
                 their
                 Jurisdiction
                 a
                 hundred
                 and
                 eleven
                 Bishopricks
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 I
                 can
                 remember
                 ,
                 
                   Paris
                   ,
                   Lim
                   ,
                   Rouen-Tours
                   ,
                   Reims
                   ,
                   Sens
                   ,
                   Cambray
                   ,
                   Bourges
                   ,
                   Bourdeaux
                   ,
                   Auch
                   ,
                   Vienne
                   ,
                   Ambrun
                   ,
                   Toulouse
                   ,
                   Narbonne
                   ,
                   Aix
                   ,
                   Arles
                   ,
                   Avignon
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Treves
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 under
                 'em
                 a
                 hundred
                 twenty
                 five
                 Suffragans
                 .
                 Fourteen
                 
                 Parliaments
                 or
                 Soveraign
                 Courts
                 ;
                 
                   viz.
                   Paris
                   ,
                   Toulouse
                   ,
                   Grenoble
                   ,
                   Bourdeaux
                   ,
                   Dijon
                   ,
                   Rouen
                   ,
                   Aix
                   ,
                   Rennes
                   ,
                   Pau
                   ,
                   Metz
                   ,
                   Tournay
                   ,
                   Perpignan
                   ,
                   Besanson
                
                 and
                 Chamberi
                 .
              
               
                 Besides
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Colledges
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 France
                 are
                 provided
                 for
                 the
                 Education
                 of
                 Youth
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 sixteen
                 famous
                 Universities
                 ;
                 
                   viz
                   ▪
                
                 that
                 of
                 
                   Paris
                   ,
                   Toulouse
                   ,
                   Montpellier
                   ,
                   Orleans
                   ,
                   Anger
                   's
                   ,
                   Poictiers
                   ,
                   Caen
                   ,
                   Bourdeaux
                   ,
                   Bourges
                   ,
                   Cahors
                   ,
                   Nantes
                   ,
                   Rheims
                   ,
                   Valence
                   ,
                   Aix
                   ,
                   Avignon
                
                 and
                 Orange
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 all
                 I
                 have
                 to
                 say
                 of
                 France
                 in
                 general
                 :
                 I
                 now
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Remarks
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 in
                 my
                 Travels
                 ,
                 beginning
                 with
                 Provence
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Extream
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 Of
                 Provence
                 .
              
               
                 GEographers
                 usually
                 divide
                 this
                 Province
                 into
                 the
                 Upper
                 and
                 Lower
                 Provence
                 :
                 The
                 Upper
                 is
                 very
                 Mountainous
                 and
                 Barren
                 :
                 But
                 to
                 recompence
                 
                 compence
                 that
                 defect
                 ,
                 the
                 Lower
                 may
                 be
                 lookt
                 upon
                 as
                 a
                 Terrestrial
                 Paradise
                 .
                 And
                 did
                 not
                 Sacred
                 History
                 inform
                 us
                 of
                 the
                 Rivers
                 
                   Phison
                   ,
                   Gehon
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Euphrates
                 ,
                 that
                 environ'd
                 the
                 Garden
                 of
                 Eden
                 ,
                 which
                 God
                 gave
                 to
                 our
                 First
                 Parent
                 Adam
                 ,
                 we
                 might
                 have
                 just
                 reason
                 to
                 believe
                 that
                 the
                 Paradise
                 of
                 all
                 Delights
                 was
                 in
                 Lower
                 Provence
                 .
                 The
                 Air
                 is
                 so
                 mild
                 and
                 temperate
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Soil
                 so
                 fertile
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 produces
                 Corn
                 in
                 abundance
                 ,
                 Wine
                 ,
                 Oyl
                 ,
                 Silk
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 great
                 variety
                 of
                 Excellent
                 Fruits
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 depth
                 of
                 Winter
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 without
                 any
                 trouble
                 find
                 Oranges
                 ,
                 Jelsomines
                 ,
                 Roses
                 and
                 Violets
                 in
                 Flower
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Provencials
                 are
                 generally
                 accounted
                 a
                 more
                 rude
                 and
                 clownish
                 sort
                 of
                 People
                 then
                 they
                 who
                 inhabit
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Provinces
                 .
                 Perhaps
                 their
                 nearness
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 resort
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Nations
                 that
                 come
                 thither
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 Trade
                 ,
                 may
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 contribute
                 to
                 it
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Women
                 are
                 merry
                 and
                 jocund
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 excellent
                 Voices
                 .
              
               
                 Aix
                 is
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 ,
                 large
                 and
                 fair
                 ;
                 the
                 Houses
                 are
                 built
                 after
                 the
                 Modern
                 Fashion
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 those
                 that
                 stand
                 next
                 the
                 Court
                 are
                 like
                 so
                 many
                 Palaces
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 the
                 Parliament
                 of
                 Provence
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 an
                 Arch-Bishoprick
                 ,
                 a
                 Chamber
                 of
                 Accounts
                 ,
                 a
                 Court
                 of
                 Aids
                 ,
                 a
                 Mint
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Generality
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 in
                 it
                 an
                 University
                 for
                 Law
                 and
                 Physick
                 ,
                 founded
                 by
                 H.
                 the
                 IV.
                 The
                 Churches
                 are
                 very
                 beautiful
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Curious
                 fail
                 not
                 to
                 examin
                 the
                 Font
                 of
                 Baptism
                 in
                 that
                 of
                 St.
                 Saviour
                 ,
                 supported
                 by
                 eight
                 Marble
                 Columns
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 't
                 is
                 said
                 that
                 in
                 Old
                 Time
                 they
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 Baal
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 the
                 Carmelites
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Sepulchre
                 of
                 Renatus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Jerusalem
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 Leagues
                 from
                 Aix
                 stands
                 a
                 Burrough
                 call'd
                 Sallon
                 ,
                 where
                 
                   Nostre
                   Damus
                
                 ,
                 so
                 famous
                 for
                 his
                 Predictions
                 ,
                 was
                 born
                 ,
                 and
                 interr'd
                 in
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Franciscan
                   Grey-Fryers
                
                 ;
                 his
                 Tomb
                 being
                 half
                 within
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 and
                 half
                 without
                 :
                 Which
                 has
                 given
                 an
                 occasion
                 for
                 some
                 people
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 so
                 contriv'd
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 known
                 whether
                 he
                 were
                 a
                 Prophet
                 or
                 a
                 Conjurer
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Monk
                 that
                 shew'd
                 it
                 us
                 ,
                 told
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   Nostre
                   Damus
                
                 himself
                 had
                 order'd
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 erected
                 after
                 that
                 manner
                 :
                 For
                 that
                 finding
                 the
                 World
                 to
                 
                 be
                 so
                 corrupt
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 desirous
                 to
                 leave
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 singular
                 manner
                 .
                 For
                 that
                 having
                 rais'd
                 his
                 Tomb
                 to
                 Man's
                 height
                 ,
                 he
                 caus'd
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 enclos'd
                 therein
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 living
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 provision
                 of
                 Oyl
                 for
                 his
                 Lamp
                 ,
                 Pens
                 ,
                 Ink
                 and
                 Paper
                 ,
                 and
                 pronounc'd
                 a
                 Curse
                 upon
                 him
                 that
                 should
                 open
                 it
                 before
                 such
                 a
                 time
                 ;
                 which
                 by
                 the
                 Calculation
                 of
                 the
                 Fryer
                 ,
                 was
                 to
                 expire
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 eighteenth
                 Age.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 upon
                 my
                 saying
                 to
                 the
                 Fryer
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 Epitaph
                 which
                 appear'd
                 upon
                 his
                 Tomb
                 ,
                 it
                 did
                 not
                 appear
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 enterr'd
                 alive
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 di'd
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 
                   July
                   1566.
                
                 in
                 the
                 62th
                 year
                 of
                 his
                 Age
                 ;
                 the
                 Monk
                 repli'd
                 ,
                 that
                 from
                 that
                 day
                 he
                 was
                 dead
                 to
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 engraving
                 the
                 Epitaph
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 follow'd
                 his
                 directions
                 ;
                 all
                 which
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 justifi'd
                 by
                 the
                 Registers
                 of
                 the
                 Convent
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Tomb
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 Street
                 ,
                 to
                 let
                 the
                 World
                 know
                 the
                 remaining
                 part
                 of
                 Human
                 Life
                 ,
                 which
                 perhaps
                 he
                 employ'd
                 in
                 pious
                 works
                 .
                 For
                 my
                 part
                 ,
                 I
                 had
                 much
                 ado
                 to
                 believe
                 the
                 Monk
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 respect
                 which
                 is
                 owing
                 to
                 his
                 Character
                 perswaded
                 me
                 that
                 he
                 
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 an
                 Impostor
                 to
                 escape
                 his
                 Lips.
                 However
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 tell
                 whether
                 honest
                 
                   Nostre
                   Damus
                
                 repented
                 or
                 no
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 am
                 sure
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 an
                 ill
                 condition
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 let
                 his
                 Lamp
                 go
                 out
                 ,
                 before
                 he
                 had
                 finish'd
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 to
                 write
                 .
              
               
                 Beaucaire
                 is
                 a
                 City
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 Rhone
                 ,
                 famous
                 for
                 the
                 Fair
                 which
                 is
                 there
                 held
                 the
                 22d
                 of
                 July
                 ,
                 which
                 draws
                 to
                 it
                 all
                 the
                 Nations
                 of
                 Europe
                 ,
                 and
                 Immense
                 Wealth
                 .
              
               
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Tarascon
                 ,
                 where
                 Renatus
                 King
                 of
                 Jerusalem
                 and
                 Sicily
                 built
                 a
                 very
                 fair
                 Castle
                 .
                 Some
                 years
                 ago
                 a
                 certain
                 person
                 digging
                 a
                 Vault
                 in
                 his
                 Cellar
                 ,
                 found
                 a
                 Wall
                 with
                 an
                 Iron
                 Gate
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 caus'd
                 to
                 be
                 open'd
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 discover'd
                 a
                 hollow
                 passage
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 he
                 heard
                 a
                 most
                 dreadful
                 Noise
                 ,
                 so
                 terrible
                 indeed
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 durst
                 not
                 satisfie
                 his
                 Curiosity
                 any
                 farther
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 being
                 inform'd
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 were
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 know
                 what
                 it
                 was
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 purpose
                 they
                 proffer'd
                 a
                 condemn'd
                 person
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 but
                 go
                 and
                 take
                 a
                 view
                 of
                 that
                 Subterraneal
                 Gallery
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 man
                 being
                 fortifi'd
                 with
                 every
                 
                 thing
                 which
                 he
                 thought
                 necessary
                 to
                 infuse
                 a
                 confidence
                 into
                 him
                 ,
                 enter'd
                 in
                 .
                 But
                 before
                 he
                 got
                 five
                 and
                 twenty
                 or
                 thirty
                 paces
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 like
                 a
                 man
                 hard
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 senses
                 ,
                 crying
                 out
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 might
                 hang
                 him
                 if
                 they
                 pleas'd
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 die
                 a
                 Death
                 which
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 understand
                 .
                 He
                 told
                 'em
                 he
                 heard
                 a
                 most
                 dreadful
                 Noise
                 ,
                 which
                 grew
                 louder
                 and
                 louder
                 the
                 farther
                 he
                 went.
                 After
                 they
                 had
                 given
                 him
                 time
                 till
                 the
                 next
                 day
                 to
                 recover
                 himself
                 ,
                 they
                 offer'd
                 him
                 new
                 favours
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 Money
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 go
                 to
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 the
                 Gallery
                 .
                 That
                 allurement
                 made
                 him
                 resolve
                 to
                 scorn
                 all
                 dangers
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 recover'd
                 fresh
                 strength
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 the
                 Bottom
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 found
                 another
                 Iron
                 Gate
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 he
                 knockt
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 but
                 no
                 body
                 answer'd
                 ;
                 he
                 added
                 also
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 roaring
                 Noise
                 continu'd
                 for
                 half
                 the
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 over
                 his
                 Head.
                 
              
               
                 This
                 Rehearsal
                 augmented
                 the
                 Curiosity
                 of
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 of
                 Tarascon
                 ,
                 and
                 oblig'd
                 'em
                 to
                 send
                 Work-men
                 to
                 force
                 open
                 the
                 Gate
                 ;
                 but
                 unwillingness
                 or
                 fears
                 over-mastering
                 their
                 Obedience
                 and
                 Duty
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 none
                 resolute
                 enough
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 :
                 for
                 they
                 
                 lookt
                 upon
                 the
                 last
                 Gate
                 to
                 be
                 certainly
                 the
                 Gate
                 which
                 led
                 to
                 Hell.
                 However
                 ,
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 found
                 an
                 Expedient
                 to
                 gain
                 their
                 good
                 wills
                 ,
                 perswading
                 'em
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 some
                 vast
                 Treasure
                 hid
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 found
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 really
                 so
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 give
                 'em
                 the
                 twenty
                 fifth
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 Upon
                 that
                 ,
                 they
                 found
                 Work-men
                 more
                 than
                 enow
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Gate
                 being
                 soon
                 open'd
                 ,
                 they
                 as
                 soon
                 discover'd
                 that
                 the
                 hollow
                 way
                 led
                 to
                 Beaucaire
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 Subterranean
                 Communication
                 between
                 one
                 City
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Noise
                 was
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 Rapidness
                 of
                 the
                 Rhone
                 ,
                 which
                 rolling
                 the
                 Stones
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 that
                 hideous
                 rumbling
                 in
                 the
                 Vault
                 .
                 Since
                 which
                 time
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 common
                 saying
                 among
                 the
                 Bricklayers
                 of
                 Tarascon
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Twenty
                 fifth
                 part
                 of
                 Beaucaire
                 belongs
                 to
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Arles
                 ,
                 formerly
                 the
                 Capital
                 of
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 is
                 seated
                 also
                 upon
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 Rhone
                 ,
                 drawing
                 towards
                 the
                 Sea.
                 People
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 Air
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 wholesom
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 passage
                 from
                 thence
                 under
                 Ground
                 to
                 Nimes
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 could
                 never
                 find
                 any
                 certainty
                 in
                 that
                 report
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 
                 this
                 City
                 two
                 Porticoes
                 of
                 an
                 admirable
                 Structure
                 ,
                 an
                 Amphitheater
                 and
                 an
                 Obelisque
                 ,
                 built
                 by
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sepulchre
                 of
                 Rowland
                 ,
                 Nephew
                 to
                 Charlemaine
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 in
                 the
                 Town-house
                 a
                 Marble
                 Statue
                 of
                 Diana
                 ,
                 which
                 Goddess
                 had
                 formerly
                 a
                 Temple
                 in
                 an
                 Island
                 of
                 the
                 Rhone
                 a
                 little
                 below
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Travellers
                 that
                 delight
                 in
                 viewing
                 Ancient
                 Tombs
                 ,
                 may
                 find
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 near
                 Arles
                 .
                 For
                 't
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Pagans
                 call'd
                 these
                 parts
                 the
                 
                   Elysian
                   Fields
                
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 inhabited
                 along
                 the
                 River
                 from
                 Arles
                 to
                 Lyons
                 ,
                 desirous
                 that
                 their
                 Bodies
                 should
                 be
                 there
                 buri'd
                 ,
                 they
                 ty'd
                 'em
                 to
                 Planks
                 ,
                 with
                 Money
                 sufficient
                 for
                 their
                 Enterment
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 'em
                 into
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 verily
                 believing
                 that
                 the
                 Stream
                 would
                 carry
                 'em
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Elysian
                   Fields
                
                 ,
                 without
                 going
                 any
                 farther
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 also
                 shew'd
                 me
                 the
                 house
                 where
                 Eight
                 Children
                 ,
                 all
                 Twins
                 were
                 born
                 at
                 one
                 Birth
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Mother
                 would
                 needs
                 have
                 thrown
                 into
                 the
                 River
                 all
                 but
                 the
                 Ninth
                 .
                 And
                 they
                 farther
                 told
                 me
                 ,
                 't
                 was
                 through
                 the
                 Judgment
                 of
                 God
                 that
                 this
                 Woman
                 had
                 so
                 many
                 Children
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 because
                 she
                 had
                 tax'd
                 a
                 Beggar-woman
                 of
                 unchastness
                 
                 for
                 having
                 Three
                 at
                 one
                 Delivery
                 ,
                 who
                 thereupon
                 wisht
                 ,
                 if
                 she
                 were
                 not
                 a
                 Whore
                 ,
                 that
                 her
                 Accuser
                 might
                 have
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 a
                 Sow
                 barrows
                 Piggs
                 at
                 once
                 .
                 Let
                 the
                 Story
                 be
                 true
                 or
                 false
                 ,
                 certain
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 these
                 parts
                 where
                 such
                 Prodigies
                 are
                 pretended
                 to
                 have
                 happen'd
                 ;
                 for
                 I
                 have
                 seen
                 in
                 Holland
                 the
                 Castle
                 of
                 a
                 Lady
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 reported
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 brought
                 to
                 Bed
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 of
                 as
                 many
                 Children
                 as
                 there
                 are
                 days
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 .
                 St.
                 Maximin
                 is
                 a
                 little
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 Neighbourhood
                 of
                 Aix
                 ,
                 remarkable
                 for
                 the
                 Holy
                 Vial
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 there
                 kept
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 draws
                 Pilgrims
                 to
                 it
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 of
                 Europe
                 .
                 They
                 pretend
                 that
                 in
                 this
                 Holy
                 Vial
                 there
                 is
                 the
                 Blood
                 and
                 Water
                 which
                 issued
                 from
                 our
                 Saviour's
                 side
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 a
                 Miracle
                 ,
                 moves
                 every
                 
                   Good
                   Friday
                
                 from
                 Eleven
                 a
                 Clock
                 till
                 high
                 Noon
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 year
                 1679.
                 
                 I
                 was
                 there
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 I
                 happen'd
                 to
                 observe
                 was
                 this
                 .
                 They
                 carri'd
                 us
                 up
                 into
                 a
                 Gallery
                 guarded
                 by
                 six
                 Halberdeers
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 to
                 prevent
                 disorder
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 security
                 of
                 their
                 pretious
                 Relique
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Gallery
                 in
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 by-corner
                 we
                 found
                 a
                 Jacobin
                 Frier
                 holding
                 the
                 sacred
                 Vial
                 in
                 
                 his
                 hand
                 ;
                 Which
                 is
                 a
                 Vial
                 much
                 in
                 the
                 Form
                 of
                 our
                 Hour
                 Glasses
                 of
                 Sand
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 you
                 may
                 perceive
                 a
                 Liquor
                 as
                 clear
                 as
                 Rock-water
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 black
                 Moat
                 that
                 danced
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 Viol
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 sometimes
                 inclining
                 to
                 fall
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Bottom
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 mounted
                 up
                 all
                 of
                 a
                 sudden
                 to
                 the
                 Top.
                 
              
               
                 This
                 Devotion
                 draws
                 great
                 Profit
                 to
                 the
                 Convent
                 ;
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 place
                 would
                 never
                 care
                 how
                 often
                 the
                 Miracle
                 happen'd
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Church
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 
                   Mary
                   Magdalen
                
                 in
                 a
                 Golden
                 Shrine
                 ,
                 and
                 her
                 Body
                 in
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 thence
                 we
                 mounted
                 for
                 four
                 Hours
                 together
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 might
                 get
                 to
                 St.
                 Baume
                 ,
                 through
                 a
                 dreadful
                 Desert
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 place
                 they
                 say
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   Mary
                   Magdalen
                
                 did
                 Pennance
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 a
                 Grotto
                 where
                 the
                 Rock-water
                 distills
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 ,
                 one
                 little
                 place
                 dry
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 Magdalen
                 lay
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 in
                 this
                 Nook
                 a
                 small
                 Convent
                 of
                 Jacobins
                 ,
                 with
                 one
                 only
                 Inn
                 belonging
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 where
                 were
                 above
                 four
                 thousand
                 Persons
                 in
                 all
                 ,
                 very
                 ill
                 accommodated
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 we
                 ascended
                 above
                 the
                 Clouds
                 ;
                 at
                 least
                 
                 when
                 we
                 were
                 at
                 St.
                 Piton
                 ,
                 we
                 saw
                 the
                 Clouds
                 thicken
                 and
                 gather
                 together
                 under
                 us
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Tradition
                 goes
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Angels
                 brought
                 Penitent
                 Magdalen
                 her
                 Victuals
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 we
                 travell'd
                 through
                 a
                 continual
                 Desert
                 to
                 Toulton
                 ;
                 For
                 we
                 went
                 above
                 eight
                 Leagues
                 before
                 we
                 met
                 with
                 one
                 House
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 drop
                 of
                 Water
                 to
                 drink
                 .
              
               
                 Toulton
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 fair
                 City
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 shoar
                 of
                 the
                 Mediterranean
                 Sea
                 :
                 It
                 has
                 a
                 good
                 Haven
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Kings
                 biggest
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ride
                 secure
                 from
                 the
                 injuries
                 of
                 the
                 Weather
                 or
                 the
                 Attempts
                 of
                 an
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Henry
                 IV.
                 fortifi'd
                 it
                 with
                 Walls
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 security
                 of
                 the
                 Port
                 and
                 the
                 Arsenal
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 chiefest
                 the
                 French
                 have
                 upon
                 that
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 Marseilles
                 is
                 another
                 Sea
                 Port
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 held
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 safest
                 in
                 all
                 Europe
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 is
                 very
                 antient
                 ;
                 as
                 having
                 been
                 built
                 six
                 hundred
                 thirty
                 three
                 years
                 before
                 the
                 Birth
                 of
                 Christ
                 :
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 usual
                 place
                 where
                 the
                 Kings
                 Galleys
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 very
                 numerous
                 ,
                 ride
                 .
                 This
                 Haven
                 is
                 defended
                 by
                 the
                 Fortress
                 of
                 our
                 
                   Lady
                   of
                   the
                   Guard
                
                 ;
                 by
                 two
                 Citadels
                 at
                 the
                 entrance
                 into
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 is
                 barr'd
                 up
                 with
                 a
                 huge
                 chain
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 are
                 there
                 Forts
                 in
                 the
                 little
                 Islands
                 a
                 league
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 which
                 secure
                 the
                 Road.
                 They
                 are
                 call'd
                 the
                 Fort
                 of
                 St.
                 
                   John
                   ,
                   Le
                   Rattoneau
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Castle
                 Dif
                 ,
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 good
                 Garrisons
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 their
                 Defence
                 .
                 This
                 last
                 Castle
                 is
                 remarkable
                 for
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 they
                 shut
                 up
                 Youths
                 of
                 Good
                 Houses
                 ,
                 that
                 vex
                 their
                 Superiors
                 by
                 their
                 Exorbitant
                 Debaucheries
                 and
                 Leud
                 behaviour
                 ;
                 and
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 kept
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 is
                 thought
                 convenient
                 with
                 a
                 moderate
                 allowance
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 City
                 it self
                 is
                 very
                 Beautiful
                 and
                 without
                 all
                 contradiction
                 the
                 most
                 wealthy
                 in
                 the
                 Province
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Haven
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 it
                 has
                 all
                 the
                 Trade
                 of
                 the
                 Levant
                 ,
                 
                   Italy
                   ,
                   Spain
                
                 and
                 Africa
                 to
                 it self
                 .
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 is
                 dedicated
                 to
                 St.
                 Lazarus
                 ,
                 in
                 memory
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Persecutors
                 of
                 the
                 Primitive
                 Church
                 ,
                 having
                 put
                 Lazarus
                 together
                 with
                 
                   Mary
                   Magdalen
                
                 and
                 Martha
                 his
                 Sisters
                 ,
                 into
                 a
                 Vessel
                 without
                 Sails
                 and
                 Seamen
                 ,
                 and
                 exposing
                 it
                 in
                 that
                 manner
                 to
                 the
                 Merciless
                 Waves
                 ,
                 the
                 Vessel
                 after
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 toss'd
                 to
                 and
                 fro
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 by
                 the
                 raging
                 
                 Billows
                 ,
                 was
                 by
                 Providence
                 guided
                 into
                 the
                 Port
                 of
                 Marseilles
                 ,
                 where
                 Lazarus
                 having
                 preach'd
                 the
                 Gospel
                 was
                 made
                 Bishop
                 of
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 di'd
                 there
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Slaves
                 at
                 Marseilles
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 length
                 of
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 keep
                 Barbers
                 Shops
                 and
                 Fripperies
                 ,
                 like
                 those
                 upon
                 
                   Pont
                   Neuf
                
                 at
                 Paris
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 sell
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Linnen
                 Cloaths
                 ,
                 Breeches
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 necessary
                 Furniture
                 at
                 second
                 Hand
                 .
                 They
                 who
                 have
                 this
                 leave
                 ,
                 are
                 chain'd
                 there
                 in
                 the
                 Morning
                 ,
                 and
                 know
                 what
                 they
                 must
                 give
                 a
                 day
                 to
                 their
                 Officers
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 others
                 that
                 make
                 up
                 together
                 Companies
                 of
                 Fidlers
                 ,
                 noises
                 of
                 Trumpets
                 ,
                 Hautboys
                 and
                 other
                 Instruments
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 all
                 chain'd
                 together
                 and
                 attended
                 by
                 a
                 Souldier
                 ,
                 go
                 about
                 from
                 Tavern
                 to
                 Tavern
                 ,
                 and
                 House
                 to
                 House
                 ,
                 to
                 play
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 will
                 give
                 'em
                 any
                 thing
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Convent
                 of
                 the
                 Observance
                 ,
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 one
                 called
                 Borduni
                 ,
                 the
                 son
                 of
                 a
                 Notary
                 Publick
                 of
                 Marseilles
                 which
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 Prodigious
                 bigness
                 .
                 For
                 ,
                 tho
                 the
                 Man
                 ,
                 who
                 liv'd
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 this
                 Age
                 ,
                 were
                 not
                 above
                 four
                 foot
                 high
                 ,
                 his
                 Head
                 takes
                 up
                 the
                 fourth
                 part
                 of
                 that
                 heighth
                 ,
                 and
                 three
                 
                 foot
                 in
                 compass
                 at
                 the
                 sides
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 so
                 little
                 wit
                 ,
                 tho
                 his
                 Head
                 were
                 full
                 of
                 Brains
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 gave
                 occasion
                 to
                 the
                 Proverb
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 would
                 talk
                 of
                 a
                 Man
                 that
                 wanted
                 sence
                 ,
                 
                   He
                   has
                   no
                   more
                   wit
                
                 then
                 Borduni
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 you
                 go
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 it
                 looks
                 as
                 if
                 you
                 were
                 entring
                 into
                 Suburbs
                 that
                 are
                 near
                 two
                 Leagues
                 in
                 extent
                 .
                 For
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 parts
                 adjoining
                 to
                 Marseilles
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 above
                 six
                 thousand
                 Country
                 Houses
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Provensals
                 call
                 Bastades
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 stand
                 so
                 near
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 times
                 there
                 is
                 hardly
                 a
                 Garden
                 between
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Ornament
                 to
                 the
                 out
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 great
                 Benefit
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Town
                 is
                 afflicted
                 with
                 the
                 Pestilence
                 ;
                 there
                 being
                 few
                 of
                 the
                 Burgesses
                 but
                 who
                 have
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 Bastades
                 :
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 still
                 in
                 fear
                 lest
                 some
                 Vessel
                 or
                 other
                 should
                 bring
                 that
                 spreading
                 Contagion
                 among
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 Which
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 observe
                 an
                 exact
                 Quarantan
                 under
                 the
                 Cannon
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 Dif
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 other
                 Fortresses
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 mention'd
                 .
              
               
               
                 They
                 are
                 excellent
                 Artists
                 at
                 Marseilles
                 for
                 working
                 in
                 Corral
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 meet
                 there
                 with
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 extraordinary
                 for
                 the
                 whiteness
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 Of
                 the
                 County
                 of
                 Venaissin
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Principality
                 of
                 Orange
                 .
              
               
                 THE
                 County
                 of
                 Venaissin
                 is
                 a
                 little
                 Province
                 enclos'd
                 between
                 Provence
                 and
                 the
                 Dauphinate
                 ,
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 Avignon
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 Rhone
                 ,
                 surrounded
                 with
                 the
                 most
                 Beautiful
                 Walls
                 in
                 Europe
                 .
                 It
                 has
                 been
                 frequently
                 the
                 residence
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Pontiffs
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 suffices
                 to
                 convince
                 the
                 Reader
                 that
                 it
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 stor'd
                 with
                 beautiful
                 Edifices
                 both
                 Sacred
                 and
                 Prophane
                 .
                 The
                 Popes
                 are
                 also
                 still
                 in
                 possession
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 send
                 a
                 Legate
                 thither
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 was
                 thus
                 that
                 the
                 Holy
                 See
                 came
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 Title
                 to
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Pope
                 Clement
                 the
                 sixth
                 ,
                 taking
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 necessity
                 to
                 which
                 the
                 Princess
                 Joane
                 ,
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Charles
                 II.
                 Count
                 of
                 Provence
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 Avignon
                 
                 with
                 all
                 dependencies
                 belong'd
                 ,
                 had
                 reduc'd
                 her self
                 ,
                 purchas'd
                 this
                 City
                 of
                 her
                 for
                 forty
                 eight
                 Thousand
                 Livres
                 ,
                 Money
                 of
                 France
                 .
                 The
                 Contract
                 of
                 Sale
                 was
                 passed
                 the
                 19th
                 of
                 
                   June
                   1348.
                
                 and
                 History
                 reports
                 that
                 the
                 Money
                 was
                 never
                 paid
                 .
                 However
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 the
                 Princess
                 was
                 a
                 Minor
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Sale
                 ,
                 and
                 besides
                 that
                 ,
                 she
                 could
                 not
                 alienate
                 her
                 Demeans
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 Laws
                 that
                 expresly
                 ordain'd
                 the
                 contrary
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 this
                 Sale
                 was
                 indeed
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 a
                 Mortgage
                 .
                 Thereupon
                 the
                 Parliament
                 of
                 Provence
                 reunited
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Avignon
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 County
                 of
                 Venaissin
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 .
                 Which
                 shews
                 that
                 the
                 Holy
                 See
                 enjoys
                 it
                 onely
                 by
                 the
                 liberality
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 France
                 ;
                 neither
                 is
                 this
                 the
                 onely
                 nor
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 benefit
                 which
                 Rome
                 has
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 the
                 French
                 Crown
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 Jewish
                 Synagogue
                 at
                 Avignon
                 very
                 nasty
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 Order
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 bound
                 to
                 hear
                 a
                 Frier
                 Preach
                 every
                 week
                 ;
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 obstinate
                 in
                 their
                 Judaism
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 very
                 few
                 that
                 embrace
                 Christianity
                 .
                 They
                 all
                 wear
                 yellow
                 Hats
                 ,
                 to
                 distinguish
                 'em
                 from
                 Christians
                 .
              
               
                 Avignon
                 had
                 formerly
                 a
                 stately
                 Bridge
                 
                 over
                 the
                 Rhone
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 rapidness
                 of
                 the
                 Stream
                 has
                 carried
                 away
                 a
                 good
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Pope
                 keeps
                 an
                 Italian
                 Garrison
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 keep
                 a
                 Guard
                 as
                 exact
                 there
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 expos'd
                 Frontier
                 Towns
                 in
                 Time
                 of
                 War.
                 They
                 are
                 not
                 contented
                 to
                 examine
                 all
                 strangers
                 that
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 to
                 know
                 where
                 they
                 lodge
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 direct
                 people
                 that
                 are
                 not
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Town
                 what
                 Inns
                 to
                 go
                 to
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 time
                 they
                 visit
                 all
                 those
                 parts
                 where
                 the
                 new
                 comers
                 lodge
                 ,
                 and
                 tell
                 how
                 many
                 persons
                 lye
                 in
                 every
                 Bed
                 ,
                 which
                 sometimes
                 surprizes
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 ignorant
                 of
                 the
                 Custom
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 University
                 of
                 Avignon
                 ,
                 founded
                 in
                 1391.
                 was
                 formerly
                 more
                 famous
                 then
                 now
                 it
                 is
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 undertake
                 to
                 describe
                 all
                 the
                 Tombs
                 and
                 Reliques
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 most
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Churches
                 ;
                 which
                 would
                 carry
                 me
                 too
                 far
                 .
                 Nor
                 have
                 I
                 seen
                 any
                 thing
                 there
                 more
                 remarkable
                 then
                 the
                 Fountain
                 of
                 Daucluse
                 ,
                 which
                 dividing
                 it self
                 about
                 ten
                 or
                 twelve
                 paces
                 from
                 the
                 source
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 forms
                 a
                 most
                 delightful
                 Island
                 and
                 a
                 Navigable
                 River
                 .
                 There
                 ,
                 are
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Houses
                 of
                 Petrach
                 and
                 Laura
                 his
                 Mistress
                 .
              
               
               
                 Orange
                 is
                 the
                 Capital
                 of
                 a
                 little
                 Province
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 name
                 ,
                 not
                 above
                 three
                 Leagues
                 broad
                 and
                 four
                 in
                 length
                 .
                 This
                 Principality
                 depending
                 upon
                 the
                 County
                 of
                 Provence
                 ,
                 fell
                 long
                 since
                 to
                 the
                 Counts
                 of
                 Nassau
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Marriage
                 of
                 
                   Claudia
                   de
                   Chalons
                
                 with
                 Henry
                 of
                 Nassau
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 City
                 had
                 not
                 long
                 since
                 a
                 Castle
                 belonging
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 lookt
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 strongest
                 Castles
                 in
                 France
                 :
                 it
                 had
                 a
                 Well
                 digg'd
                 into
                 the
                 solid
                 Rock
                 above
                 thirty
                 fathom
                 deep
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 subterranean
                 passage
                 that
                 led
                 from
                 the
                 Castle
                 to
                 a
                 House
                 of
                 Pleasure
                 about
                 half
                 a
                 league
                 distant
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Castle
                 was
                 raz'd
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 dismantl'd
                 about
                 twenty
                 years
                 since
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 particular
                 enmity
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 Orange
                 under
                 pretence
                 that
                 it
                 serv'd
                 as
                 a
                 Refuge
                 for
                 the
                 Protestants
                 that
                 were
                 Dragoon'd
                 out
                 of
                 France
                 .
              
               
                 However
                 it
                 affords
                 very
                 beautiful
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Antiquity
                 ,
                 and
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 the
                 Circus
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 spacious
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Pavement
                 of
                 Mosaick
                 work
                 in
                 a
                 low
                 Chamber
                 or
                 Room
                 of
                 State
                 ;
                 a
                 Triumphal
                 Arch
                 Erected
                 in
                 Honour
                 of
                 Marius
                 and
                 Lacturius
                 ,
                 Consuls
                 of
                 
                 Rome
                 after
                 the
                 Victory
                 which
                 they
                 obtain'd
                 over
                 the
                 Cimbrians
                 and
                 Teutons
                 .
                 This
                 edifice
                 which
                 is
                 commonly
                 call'd
                 the
                 Tower
                 of
                 the
                 Arch
                 ,
                 was
                 formerly
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 afterwards
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Gates
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 but
                 now
                 stands
                 a
                 good
                 quarter
                 of
                 a
                 League
                 from
                 it
                 .
                 Which
                 shews
                 that
                 Orange
                 was
                 in
                 ancient
                 Time
                 a
                 very
                 large
                 and
                 beautiful
                 City
                 .
                 When
                 you
                 are
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 this
                 Tower
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 see
                 all
                 at
                 once
                 five
                 Provinces
                 of
                 
                   France
                   ,
                   Provence
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Dauphinate
                   ,
                   Languedoc
                   ,
                   Auvergne
                
                 and
                 Forest
                 .
              
               
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 V.
                 Of
                 the
                 Dauphinate
                 and
                 Vivarez
                 .
              
               
                 THE
                 Dauphinate
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 beautiful
                 Provinces
                 of
                 France
                 :
                 Historians
                 speak
                 wonders
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 such
                 ,
                 they
                 observe
                 seven
                 things
                 extreamly
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 the
                 seven
                 Wonders
                 of
                 the
                 Dauphinate
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 Tower
                 without
                 Poison
                 ,
                 the
                 Inaccessible
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 the
                 Burning
                 Fountain
                 ,
                 the
                 Caves
                 of
                 Sassenage
                 ;
                 the
                 pretious
                 Stones
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 of
                 Sassenage
                 .
                 The
                 Manna
                 of
                 Brianson
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Grove
                 of
                 our
                 Lady
                 
                   de
                   la
                   Balme
                
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 commonly
                 divided
                 into
                 the
                 Upper
                 and
                 Lower
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 bounded
                 eastward
                 by
                 Piemont
                 and
                 Savoy
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 by
                 Provence
                 ;
                 northward
                 by
                 
                   la
                   Bress
                
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 west
                 by
                 the
                 County
                 of
                 Venaissin
                 .
                 The
                 sterility
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 of
                 the
                 Upper
                 Dauphinate
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 bad
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 they
                 afford
                 great
                 quantities
                 of
                 Cassia
                 ,
                 Manna
                 ,
                 Turpentine
                 and
                 
                 Agaric
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Lower
                 Dauphinate
                 bestows
                 in
                 a
                 bundance
                 upon
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 Wine
                 ,
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Silk
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruit.
                 The
                 People
                 in
                 general
                 are
                 stout
                 ,
                 civil
                 and
                 courteous
                 to
                 Strangers
                 :
                 which
                 Civility
                 extends
                 even
                 to
                 the
                 most
                 rustical
                 Peasants
                 :
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 common
                 thing
                 to
                 see
                 a
                 Ploughman
                 leave
                 his
                 Plough
                 to
                 put
                 a
                 Stranger
                 in
                 the
                 right
                 Road
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 has
                 lost
                 his
                 way
                 .
              
               
                 Historians
                 have
                 always
                 character'd
                 the
                 Dauphinois
                 to
                 be
                 faithful
                 to
                 their
                 King
                 ;
                 jealous
                 of
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ;
                 somewhat
                 given
                 to
                 litigious
                 petty-fogging
                 ,
                 and
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 praise
                 themselves
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 the
                 learned
                 Mr.
                 Richelet
                 has
                 not
                 done
                 'em
                 all
                 this
                 justice
                 in
                 his
                 Dictionary
                 ;
                 perhaps
                 because
                 he
                 would
                 make
                 the
                 Province
                 suffer
                 for
                 the
                 injury
                 which
                 some
                 Dauphinois
                 might
                 have
                 done
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Province
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 celebrated
                 by
                 all
                 those
                 Advantages
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 recounted
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 Honour
                 which
                 it
                 has
                 of
                 being
                 the
                 Title
                 born
                 by
                 the
                 Eldest
                 Son
                 of
                 France
                 and
                 presumptive
                 Heir
                 of
                 the
                 Crown
                 .
                 They
                 who
                 know
                 not
                 why
                 the
                 Dauphinate
                 enjoys
                 this
                 Honour
                 before
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 may
                 here
                 be
                 inform'd
                 in
                 few
                 words
                 .
              
               
                 Hubert
                 II.
                 Soveraign
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Dauphinate
                 ,
                 having
                 but
                 one
                 only
                 Son
                 ,
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 very
                 young
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 at
                 his
                 Castle
                 of
                 Vienne
                 ,
                 took
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Arms
                 to
                 play
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 a
                 shew
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 throw
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Window
                 ,
                 the
                 Infant
                 being
                 a
                 brisk
                 lively
                 child
                 ,
                 slipt
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Hands
                 and
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 Rhone
                 ;
                 nor
                 did
                 the
                 unfortunate
                 Father
                 ever
                 hear
                 more
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 His
                 Grief
                 was
                 such
                 as
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 imagin'd
                 :
                 and
                 his
                 despair
                 transported
                 him
                 so
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Donation
                 of
                 the
                 Dauphinate
                 to
                 
                   Philip
                   Valois
                
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1349.
                 upon
                 condition
                 ,
                 among
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 First
                 born
                 Son
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 time
                 to
                 come
                 should
                 be
                 call'd
                 Dauphins
                 .
              
               
                 Grenoble
                 is
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 ,
                 seated
                 among
                 the
                 Mountains
                 upon
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Isere
                 ,
                 which
                 divides
                 the
                 City
                 into
                 two
                 parts
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 a
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 a
                 Chamber
                 of
                 Accounts
                 ,
                 or
                 place
                 for
                 the
                 publick
                 Receipt
                 of
                 the
                 Finances
                 ,
                 a
                 Generality
                 ,
                 a
                 Baillage
                 ,
                 a
                 Mint
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Bishoprick
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 Magnificent
                 Buildings
                 ,
                 
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 principal
                 are
                 the
                 Palace
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 
                   de
                   L'Ediguieres
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Bishops
                 Mansion
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Parlament
                 House
                 .
                 The
                 Prelates
                 of
                 this
                 Diocess
                 assume
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Prince
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 several
                 Donations
                 of
                 the
                 Lords
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 at
                 several
                 times
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 things
                 in
                 the
                 Parts
                 about
                 Grenoble
                 ,
                 worthy
                 the
                 curious
                 observation
                 of
                 Travellers
                 ;
                 chiefly
                 the
                 spatious
                 Charter-house
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 usually
                 the
                 Residence
                 of
                 the
                 General
                 of
                 that
                 Order
                 .
                 Never
                 was
                 Desert
                 better
                 baptiz'd
                 then
                 this
                 Nook
                 which
                 those
                 Monks
                 have
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 for
                 their
                 place
                 of
                 Retirement
                 :
                 for
                 indeed
                 the
                 Mountain
                 has
                 something
                 of
                 a
                 dreadful
                 Aspect
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 you
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Convent
                 ,
                 you
                 are
                 presently
                 surpriz'd
                 to
                 meet
                 with
                 so
                 goodly
                 a
                 Mansion
                 ,
                 so
                 magnificent
                 a
                 Church
                 ,
                 and
                 Monks
                 so
                 civil
                 and
                 courteous
                 ,
                 where
                 you
                 thought
                 to
                 find
                 nothing
                 but
                 Precipices
                 and
                 Wild
                 Beasts
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Order
                 of
                 the
                 Chartreux
                 was
                 founded
                 in
                 1084
                 by
                 St.
                 Bruno
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 General
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Air
                 is
                 very
                 healthy
                 ,
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Fertile
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 word
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Man
                 is
                 amply
                 recompens'd
                 
                 for
                 the
                 trouble
                 and
                 dread
                 in
                 clambring
                 up
                 ,
                 which
                 redoubles
                 when
                 you
                 are
                 about
                 to
                 quit
                 that
                 delightful
                 solitude
                 ;
                 the
                 descent
                 being
                 worse
                 then
                 the
                 ascent
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 more
                 terrible
                 .
              
               
                 Among
                 the
                 wonders
                 that
                 environ
                 Grenoble
                 ,
                 the
                 burning
                 Fountain
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 considerable
                 ,
                 which
                 darts
                 forth
                 Flames
                 through
                 the
                 Water
                 a
                 foot
                 high
                 ;
                 whither
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 and
                 Virgins
                 go
                 frequently
                 to
                 make
                 Fricassees
                 ,
                 and
                 fry
                 Pancakes
                 .
                 Not
                 far
                 from
                 thence
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 Tower
                 where
                 no
                 venomous
                 Creature
                 will
                 live
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 which
                 are
                 sometimes
                 brought
                 thither
                 dye
                 presently
                 after
                 .
              
               
                 Valence
                 is
                 the
                 second
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Dauphinate
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 better
                 scituated
                 then
                 Grenoble
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 seated
                 on
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 Rhone
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 High
                 Road
                 from
                 Paris
                 to
                 Marseilles
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 a
                 Bishoprick
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 University
                 for
                 Law
                 and
                 Physick
                 ;
                 founded
                 by
                 Lewis
                 the
                 Dauphin
                 ,
                 Son
                 of
                 Charles
                 VII
                 .
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1452.
                 who
                 confirm'd
                 the
                 Priviledges
                 it
                 enjoys
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1475.
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 also
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 a
                 Presidial-court
                 and
                 a
                 Seneschalship
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 the
                 Church
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Jacobins
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 a
                 Giant
                 fifteen
                 foot
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 seven
                 in
                 breadth
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Bones
                 of
                 which
                 were
                 carri'd
                 to
                 Paris
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 preserv'd
                 in
                 the
                 Kings
                 Closet
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 Fountain
                 without
                 the
                 City
                 very
                 hot
                 in
                 the
                 Winter
                 ,
                 and
                 extreamly
                 cold
                 in
                 the
                 Summer
                 .
                 The
                 principal
                 Churches
                 are
                 the
                 Cathedral
                 dedicated
                 to
                 St.
                 Apollinaris
                 ;
                 St.
                 Johns
                 which
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 a
                 Pantheon
                 in
                 ancient
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Abby
                 of
                 St.
                 Ruff
                 ,
                 and
                 St.
                 Peters
                 Church
                 in
                 the
                 Burrough
                 Les-valence
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 Cavern
                 which
                 't
                 is
                 said
                 crosses
                 under
                 the
                 Rhone
                 ,
                 near
                 to
                 which
                 stands
                 a
                 Sepulchre
                 ,
                 wherein
                 formerly
                 was
                 found
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 a
                 Woman
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Gold
                 and
                 Precious
                 Stones
                 ,
                 which
                 appear'd
                 to
                 be
                 fresh
                 ,
                 but
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 crumbl'd
                 to
                 dust
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 also
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Tomb
                 a
                 Latin
                 Inscription
                 in
                 these
                 words
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Happy
                
                 Justina
                 Mother
                 ;
                 whence
                 some
                 infer
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 Empress
                 
                 Justina's
                 Tomb.
                 Near
                 St.
                 
                 Felix's
                 Gate
                 there
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 Round
                 Tower
                 which
                 leans
                 forward
                 more
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 then
                 below
                 ;
                 and
                 most
                 people
                 believe
                 that
                 the
                 Tower
                 bow'd
                 out
                 of
                 respect
                 when
                 St.
                 Felix
                 enter'd
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                   Pont
                   St.
                   Esprit
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   The
                   Holy
                   Ghost's
                   Bridge
                
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 pleasant
                 City
                 that
                 derives
                 its
                 name
                 from
                 a
                 Bridge
                 built
                 over
                 the
                 Rhone
                 with
                 extraordinary
                 labour
                 and
                 expence
                 .
                 It
                 consists
                 of
                 two
                 and
                 twenty
                 Arches
                 twelve
                 hundred
                 Fathom
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 fifteen
                 broad
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 vainly
                 lookt
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 largest
                 and
                 most
                 beautiful
                 Bridges
                 in
                 France
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Dauphinate
                 includes
                 several
                 other
                 Cities
                 which
                 have
                 their
                 particular
                 Ornaments
                 and
                 Beauties
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Montelimar
                   ,
                   Cret
                   ,
                   Die
                   ,
                   Gap
                   ,
                   Ambrun
                
                 and
                 Vienne
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 first
                 City
                 you
                 meet
                 with
                 ,
                 as
                 you
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 Dauphinate
                 through
                 Lionnois
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 formerly
                 inhabited
                 by
                 the
                 Allobroges
                 ;
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 
                   Le
                   Viennois
                
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 the
                 Allobroges
                 as
                 being
                 scituated
                 between
                 the
                 Rhone
                 and
                 the
                 Isere
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 Vienne
                 they
                 make
                 the
                 Blades
                 of
                 Swords
                 in
                 such
                 vast
                 numbers
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 wonder
                 of
                 all
                 people
                 ,
                 how
                 the
                 Artificers
                 can
                 sell
                 'em
                 so
                 cheap
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 reason
                 is
                 ,
                 because
                 their
                 Engins
                 are
                 so
                 dispos'd
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 mov'd
                 by
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 that
                 one
                 workman
                 can
                 attend
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 Workmanship
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 Pilate
                 
                 was
                 banish'd
                 to
                 Vienne
                 by
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Tiberius
                 ;
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Tower
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 kept
                 a
                 Prisoner
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Precipice
                 from
                 whence
                 he
                 threw
                 himself
                 Headlong
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 always
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Clouds
                 and
                 Mists
                 .
                 Vienne
                 had
                 formerly
                 two
                 Castles
                 belongit
                 to
                 it
                 which
                 were
                 accounted
                 impregnable
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 were
                 demolish'd
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 they
                 might
                 prove
                 a
                 Recepticle
                 for
                 such
                 as
                 had
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 disturb
                 the
                 State.
                 
              
               
                 Die
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Diva
                   Augusta
                
                 ,
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 Drome
                 among
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Bishoprick
                 ,
                 suffragan
                 to
                 the
                 Archbishop
                 of
                 Vienne
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 nineteen
                 principal
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 antient
                 Vocantis
                 mention'd
                 by
                 Tacitus
                 ,
                 and
                 once
                 a
                 Colony
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
              
               
                 Gap
                 lyes
                 two
                 leagues
                 from
                 Durance
                 with
                 a
                 Baileage
                 ,
                 a
                 Bishoprick
                 ,
                 a
                 strong
                 Cittadel
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Fort
                 of
                 Puymore
                 .
                 But
                 neither
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 nor
                 the
                 Fort
                 could
                 hinder
                 it
                 from
                 being
                 ruin'd
                 by
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Savoys
                 Army
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1692.
                 
              
               
                 Ambrun
                 is
                 a
                 Bishops
                 See
                 ,
                 and
                 lyes
                 among
                 the
                 Mountains
                 at
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 a
                 Rock
                 upon
                 which
                 stands
                 a
                 Castle
                 .
                 This
                 City
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 stand
                 the
                 highest
                 of
                 any
                 
                 City
                 of
                 Europe
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 Town
                 of
                 great
                 antiquity
                 ;
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 said
                 that
                 Nero
                 granted
                 the
                 Citizens
                 of
                 it
                 the
                 right
                 of
                 Latinity
                 ,
                 which
                 Galba
                 afterwards
                 enlarg'd
                 with
                 new
                 Priviledges
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 year
                 1692.
                 it
                 was
                 taken
                 by
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 but
                 quitted
                 the
                 same
                 year
                 ,
                 after
                 every
                 thing
                 was
                 demolish'd
                 that
                 render'd
                 it
                 Tenable
                 .
              
               
                 Before
                 I
                 leave
                 the
                 Dauphinate
                 ,
                 it
                 behoves
                 me
                 to
                 make
                 one
                 Observation
                 not
                 unacceptable
                 to
                 the
                 Curious
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 peculiar
                 Wind
                 that
                 blows
                 at
                 Nyons
                 ,
                 six
                 leagues
                 from
                 Orange
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Wind
                 Pontius
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 .
                 Nyons
                 is
                 seated
                 in
                 a
                 Bottom
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 bank
                 of
                 a
                 River
                 call'd
                 Egue
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Bridge
                 with
                 one
                 only
                 Arch
                 ,
                 accounted
                 the
                 most
                 beautiful
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 It
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Piece
                 of
                 Roman
                 workmanship
                 ,
                 round
                 like
                 the
                 Letter
                 O
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 as
                 deep
                 from
                 the
                 Foundation
                 under
                 Ground
                 as
                 above
                 .
                 And
                 indeed
                 ,
                 altho
                 it
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 Prodigious
                 heighth
                 ,
                 yet
                 there
                 appears
                 but
                 the
                 half
                 of
                 the
                 Circle
                 above
                 Ground
                 .
                 And
                 I
                 have
                 heard
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 the
                 place
                 aver
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 gone
                 to
                 search
                 for
                 the
                 Foundation
                 ,
                 they
                 could
                 never
                 find
                 any
                 .
                 
                 But
                 they
                 perceiv'd
                 ,
                 that
                 still
                 the
                 lower
                 they
                 digg'd
                 ,
                 the
                 narrower
                 the
                 circle
                 contracted
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Wind
                 of
                 Pontius
                 ,
                 it
                 usually
                 blows
                 from
                 Midnight
                 till
                 ten
                 or
                 eleven
                 a
                 Clock
                 in
                 the
                 Morning
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 almost
                 as
                 cold
                 as
                 the
                 North-wind
                 .
                 It
                 issues
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Cleft
                 of
                 a
                 Rock
                 ,
                 about
                 a
                 small
                 League
                 from
                 Nyons
                 near
                 a
                 Hermitage
                 .
                 Into
                 this
                 cleft
                 the
                 people
                 have
                 often
                 thrown
                 Stones
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 down
                 a
                 Sounding
                 Line
                 ,
                 but
                 could
                 never
                 reach
                 the
                 Bottom
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 the
                 Wind
                 so
                 violent
                 in
                 this
                 part
                 ,
                 as
                 about
                 a
                 quarter
                 of
                 a
                 League
                 from
                 thence
                 .
                 Now
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 cleft
                 is
                 not
                 very
                 wide
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 stopt
                 up
                 toward
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 last
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 it
                 remain'd
                 for
                 seven
                 or
                 eight
                 years
                 ;
                 but
                 then
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 open
                 it
                 again
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Earth
                 surceas'd
                 to
                 bear
                 ,
                 the
                 Olive
                 Trees
                 ,
                 Vines
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Fruit
                 Trees
                 wither'd
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 their
                 Autumnal
                 Harvests
                 were
                 very
                 Barren
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 were
                 seiz'd
                 with
                 Contagious
                 Diseases
                 ,
                 which
                 caused
                 a
                 great
                 Mortality
                 among
                 '
                 em
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Vivarez
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 a
                 Province
                 very
                 Mountainous
                 and
                 Barren
                 ,
                 Travellours
                 take
                 no
                 pleasure
                 in
                 it
                 ;
                 unless
                 it
                 be
                 at
                 Viviers
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 See
                 of
                 a
                 Bishop
                 .
                 You
                 may
                 also
                 visit
                 Annonay
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Gentry
                 are
                 very
                 Civil
                 and
                 Courteous
                 ;
                 but
                 where
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 make
                 it
                 no
                 scruple
                 of
                 Conscience
                 to
                 discharge
                 their
                 Fusee's
                 upon
                 you
                 from
                 behind
                 a
                 Hedge
                 upon
                 any
                 slight
                 occasion
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VI.
                 Of
                 Savoy
                 and
                 part
                 of
                 Piedmont
                 .
              
               
                 SInce
                 the
                 King
                 has
                 brought
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 the
                 County
                 of
                 Nice
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 Piedmont
                 under
                 his
                 Subjection
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 requisite
                 that
                 I
                 say
                 something
                 of
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 before
                 I
                 engage
                 farther
                 into
                 
                   France
                   .
                   Chamberi
                
                 is
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 a
                 Parlament
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 being
                 desirous
                 to
                 extend
                 his
                 Conquests
                 this
                 way
                 ,
                 having
                 this
                 Wind
                 of
                 Victory
                 in
                 his
                 Poop
                 ,
                 first
                 made
                 himself
                 Master
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 :
                 after
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 County
                 and
                 City
                 of
                 Nice
                 and
                 
                   Villa
                   Franca
                
                 which
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 Bulwark
                 of
                 the
                 Mediterranean
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 acknowledge
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 under
                 pretence
                 that
                 Nice
                 was
                 formerly
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 Provence
                 .
                 
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 the
                 Fortress
                 of
                 Montmelian
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Savoyards
                 accounted
                 Impregnable
                 was
                 likewise
                 carry'd
                 by
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 they
                 took
                 and
                 burnt
                 Oneglia
                 ,
                 the
                 only
                 remaining
                 Sea
                 Port
                 Town
                 in
                 Savoy
                 .
                 The
                 Fortifications
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 Towns
                 are
                 very
                 Regular
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Churches
                 very
                 Beautiful
                 .
              
               
                 Besides
                 these
                 places
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 has
                 Pignerol
                 seated
                 upon
                 a
                 Mountain
                 of
                 the
                 Valley
                 of
                 Perousa
                 ,
                 five
                 leagues
                 from
                 Turin
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 is
                 Casal
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 Montferrat
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 River
                 Po
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Mantoua
                 surrender'd
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 in
                 1681.
                 
                 These
                 two
                 Towns
                 are
                 very
                 considerable
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 their
                 strength
                 and
                 scituation
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 secure
                 France
                 from
                 the
                 Invasions
                 of
                 the
                 Princes
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 open
                 him
                 a
                 passage
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 shall
                 be
                 at
                 leisure
                 to
                 look
                 that
                 way
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 regard
                 I
                 propose
                 to
                 my self
                 a
                 particular
                 Volume
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 I
                 omit
                 here
                 several
                 remarks
                 more
                 proper
                 for
                 that
                 Tome
                 ,
                 then
                 this
                 of
                 France
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 VII
                 .
                 Of
                 Languedoc
                 .
              
               
                 THere
                 is
                 no
                 Province
                 of
                 France
                 so
                 vast
                 in
                 the
                 extent
                 of
                 it
                 as
                 Languedoc
                 .
                 Eastward
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 bounded
                 by
                 the
                 River
                 Rhone
                 ,
                 which
                 parts
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 Dauphinate
                 and
                 Lorrain
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Mediterranean
                 and
                 the
                 Pyreneans
                 ;
                 by
                 the
                 Garonne
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 by
                 Rouergne
                 and
                 Quercy
                 .
                 The
                 Climate
                 is
                 accounted
                 the
                 best
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Soil
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 Fertile
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 that
                 it
                 produces
                 whatever
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 except
                 Spices
                 ,
                 your
                 rich
                 Gums
                 and
                 Sugar
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 are
                 character'd
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 witty
                 ,
                 much
                 addicted
                 to
                 Study
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 appear
                 often
                 in
                 their
                 Accoutrements
                 what
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 accus'd
                 of
                 being
                 great
                 Talkers
                 ,
                 very
                 inconstant
                 ,
                 and
                 unfit
                 to
                 keep
                 a
                 secret
                 .
                 Their
                 Women
                 are
                 wanton
                 and
                 frolicksome
                 ,
                 much
                 given
                 to
                 Paint
                 ,
                 and
                 love
                 a
                 greater
                 liberty
                 then
                 becomes
                 their
                 Sex.
                 However
                 these
                 Rules
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 general
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 they
                 admit
                 of
                 
                 many
                 exceptions
                 :
                 and
                 they
                 that
                 are
                 not
                 stain'd
                 with
                 these
                 defects
                 ,
                 need
                 not
                 concern
                 themselves
                 with
                 common
                 fame
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 for
                 others
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 happy
                 to
                 amend
                 'em
                 ,
                 People
                 of
                 Vertue
                 will
                 always
                 do
                 'em
                 Justice
                 .
              
               
                 Tholouse
                 is
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 this
                 beautiful
                 and
                 spacious
                 Province
                 ,
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 Garonne
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 antient
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 Tholo
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Japhet
                 was
                 the
                 Founder
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 Certain
                 it
                 is
                 however
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 Romans
                 Invaded
                 the
                 Gauls
                 they
                 found
                 Tholouse
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 very
                 considerable
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 beautify'd
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 Capitol
                 ,
                 Amphitheaters
                 ,
                 and
                 Aqueducts
                 ,
                 the
                 Remainders
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 besides
                 her
                 Churches
                 and
                 other
                 Structures
                 are
                 sufficient
                 Testimonies
                 of
                 her
                 Antiquity
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 the
                 Visigoths
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 that
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Aquitain
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 the
                 seat
                 of
                 a
                 Famous
                 Parlament
                 ,
                 an
                 Arch-bishoprick
                 ,
                 a
                 Generality
                 ,
                 a
                 Chamber
                 of
                 Accounts
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 University
                 .
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 is
                 dedicated
                 to
                 St.
                 Stephen
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 St.
                 Saturnin
                 is
                 a
                 beautiful
                 Pile
                 ;
                 where
                 't
                 is
                 said
                 they
                 have
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 no
                 less
                 then
                 seven
                 of
                 the
                 Apostles
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Thorns
                 of
                 our
                 
                 Saviour's
                 Crown
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 vast
                 Treasure
                 which
                 could
                 never
                 be
                 taken
                 away
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 noisomness
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 or
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 guarded
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 by
                 Prodigious
                 Serpents
                 that
                 threaten
                 to
                 devour
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 disturb
                 their
                 Rest
                 .
                 However
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 History
                 tells
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Gauls
                 making
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Delphos
                 brought
                 away
                 vast
                 Riches
                 :
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 share
                 of
                 the
                 Tectosages
                 ,
                 who
                 inhabited
                 Languedoc
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 hundred
                 and
                 ten
                 thousand
                 pound
                 weight
                 in
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 five
                 millions
                 of
                 pounds
                 weight
                 in
                 Silver
                 :
                 that
                 their
                 Priests
                 enforc'd
                 'em
                 to
                 throw
                 the
                 Riches
                 into
                 the
                 Lake
                 of
                 Tholouse
                 ,
                 whence
                 Cepio
                 ,
                 the
                 Roman
                 Consul
                 caus'd
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 carri'd
                 away
                 ,
                 sometime
                 after
                 ,
                 having
                 put
                 the
                 Lake
                 to
                 Sale
                 by
                 Outcry
                 :
                 and
                 there
                 is
                 some
                 reason
                 to
                 believe
                 that
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 left
                 behind
                 ;
                 but
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 certain
                 whether
                 it
                 lies
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 where
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 St.
                 Saturnin
                 is
                 built
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 the
                 Observantin
                 Friers
                 is
                 a
                 Vault
                 which
                 consumes
                 the
                 Flesh
                 of
                 Dead
                 Bodies
                 without
                 hurting
                 the
                 Skin
                 ,
                 or
                 Dislocating
                 their
                 Members
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 the
                 Jacobins
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 
                 Pillar
                 that
                 supports
                 after
                 a
                 wonderful
                 manner
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 Vaults
                 one
                 above
                 another
                 :
                 I
                 forbear
                 to
                 mention
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 their
                 Monasteries
                 ,
                 in
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 several
                 Reliques
                 and
                 Curiosities
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 University
                 of
                 Tholouse
                 is
                 accountted
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 in
                 Europe
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 two
                 Universities
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 second
                 in
                 France
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 perhaps
                 it
                 was
                 that
                 Ausonius
                 calls
                 it
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Pallas
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 generally
                 bears
                 the
                 Epithete
                 of
                 
                   Tholouse
                   la
                   Savante
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Tholouse
                   the
                   Learned
                
                 .
              
               
                 Castres
                 is
                 another
                 very
                 antient
                 City
                 of
                 Languedoc
                 with
                 a
                 Bishoprick
                 .
                 
                   Lavaur
                   ,
                   Pamiers
                
                 ,
                 a
                 Bishops
                 See
                 ,
                 Mirepoix
                 ,
                 a
                 Bishops
                 See
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Cities
                 in
                 the
                 Parts
                 adjoining
                 are
                 very
                 pleasant
                 places
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 People
                 feast
                 and
                 make
                 good
                 chear
                 at
                 a
                 cheap
                 rate
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 common
                 saying
                 among
                 'em
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 more
                 good
                 Victuals
                 then
                 Money
                 .
              
               
                 Carcasson
                 is
                 commanded
                 by
                 a
                 Cittadel
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 strong
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 scituation
                 of
                 it
                 and
                 the
                 Works
                 about
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 before
                 you
                 enter
                 into
                 it
                 you
                 must
                 leave
                 your
                 Sword
                 at
                 the
                 Gate
                 .
                 
                 The
                 City
                 is
                 considerable
                 for
                 the
                 Woollen
                 Manufactures
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 neatness
                 and
                 uniformity
                 of
                 the
                 Streets
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 sweet
                 temper
                 and
                 civility
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 must
                 not
                 remove
                 far
                 from
                 Languedoc
                 without
                 visiting
                 Perpignan
                 in
                 Roussillon
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Men
                 go
                 after
                 the
                 French
                 Fashion
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Women
                 after
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Mode
                 .
                 The
                 Cittadel
                 is
                 compos'd
                 of
                 Five
                 Bastions
                 ,
                 commanded
                 by
                 a
                 Fort
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Donjon
                 .
                 Some
                 Leagues
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 you
                 meet
                 with
                 a
                 Fountain
                 of
                 Salt
                 Water
                 ,
                 which
                 springs
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Rock
                 in
                 such
                 abundance
                 ,
                 that
                 about
                 six
                 or
                 seven
                 Paces
                 from
                 thence
                 it
                 forms
                 a
                 River
                 ,
                 over
                 which
                 there
                 is
                 built
                 a
                 Bridge
                 of
                 several
                 Arches
                 .
              
               
                 Narbonne
                 disputes
                 the
                 Point
                 of
                 Antiquity
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Cities
                 of
                 France
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 pretend
                 that
                 Narbo
                 ,
                 K.
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 was
                 the
                 Founder
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 long
                 before
                 the
                 Birth
                 of
                 Christ
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 which
                 we
                 find
                 most
                 certain
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 Request
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 who
                 grac'd
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 Capitol
                 and
                 an
                 Amphitheater
                 ,
                 erected
                 Municipal
                 Schools
                 within
                 it
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 Bath
                 and
                 Aqueducts
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 marks
                 of
                 Roman
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 the
                 Proconsuls
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 first
                 Colony
                 
                 out
                 of
                 Italy
                 in
                 Europe
                 ;
                 in
                 acknowledgment
                 of
                 which
                 Favours
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 Statue
                 to
                 Augustus
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 Rome
                 and
                 Narbonne
                 were
                 leagu'd
                 to
                 each
                 other
                 under
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Sisters
                 ;
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sympathy
                 between
                 'em
                 was
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 145.
                 
                 Rome
                 and
                 Narbonne
                 were
                 afflicted
                 both
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 with
                 a
                 dreadful
                 Conflagration
                 that
                 happen'd
                 by
                 Accident
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Antiquities
                 were
                 ruin'd
                 by
                 the
                 Goths
                 and
                 Vandals
                 .
                 This
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 Frontier
                 Town
                 ,
                 is
                 regularly
                 fortifi'd
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Canal
                 of
                 Conjunction
                 between
                 the
                 two
                 Seas
                 ,
                 a
                 Royal
                 Undertaking
                 ,
                 becoming
                 a
                 great
                 Prince
                 ,
                 derives
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 it
                 from
                 Narbonne
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 an
                 Archbishoprick
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Archbishop
                 is
                 Primate
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 ,
                 President
                 born
                 of
                 the
                 States
                 of
                 Languedoc
                 ,
                 and
                 dignifi'd
                 with
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Lord
                 of
                 the
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 Bezieres
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 City
                 not
                 far
                 distant
                 from
                 Narbonne
                 ,
                 seated
                 upon
                 a
                 Hill
                 ,
                 the
                 Avenues
                 to
                 which
                 are
                 somewhat
                 difficult
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 both
                 Large
                 and
                 Ancient
                 ,
                 and
                 greatly
                 valu'd
                 by
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 who
                 erected
                 there
                 two
                 famous
                 Temples
                 to
                 Augustus
                 and
                 Julia.
                 It
                 is
                 still
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Delightful
                 Places
                 of
                 Abode
                 in
                 
                 France
                 .
                 Insomuch
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 beauty
                 of
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fertility
                 of
                 the
                 soil
                 ,
                 have
                 begot
                 a
                 Proverb
                 among
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 
                   Que
                   si
                   Dieu
                   habitoit
                   sur
                   la
                   Terre
                   ,
                   il
                   choisiroit
                
                 Bezieres
                 
                   pour
                   sa
                   Sejour
                   .
                   That
                   if
                   God
                   were
                   to
                   live
                   upon
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   he
                   would
                   make
                   choice
                   of
                
                 Bezieres
                 
                   for
                   his
                   Place
                   of
                   Residence
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Pesenas
                 is
                 no
                 less
                 pleasant
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 much
                 more
                 civil
                 and
                 courteous
                 :
                 and
                 no
                 question
                 but
                 the
                 Residence
                 of
                 several
                 Princes
                 there
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 late
                 Prince
                 of
                 Conti
                 deceas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Monsieur
                 
                   de
                   Montmoranci
                
                 ,
                 contributed
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 to
                 infuse
                 into
                 'em
                 the
                 Air
                 of
                 the
                 Court.
                 
              
               
                 Though
                 I
                 shall
                 end
                 this
                 Chapter
                 with
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Montpellier
                 and
                 Nimes
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 not
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 less
                 considerable
                 :
                 the
                 contrary
                 rather
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 Travellers
                 tarry
                 longer
                 at
                 Montpellier
                 ,
                 then
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 City
                 of
                 Languedoc
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Variety
                 of
                 Divertisements
                 which
                 they
                 meet
                 with
                 in
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 good
                 Chear
                 ,
                 good
                 Company
                 ,
                 Familiarity
                 ,
                 Galantry
                 ,
                 and
                 Learning
                 ;
                 all
                 which
                 Advantages
                 they
                 meet
                 with
                 there
                 in
                 a
                 Superlative
                 Degree
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 University
                 is
                 accounted
                 the
                 most
                 
                 famous
                 for
                 Physick
                 in
                 all
                 France
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 observ'd
                 that
                 no
                 Dr.
                 in
                 that
                 Faculty
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 admitted
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 has
                 first
                 receiv'd
                 seven
                 times
                 the
                 Robe
                 and
                 Bonnet
                 of
                 Rabelais
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 of
                 Monac
                 .
                 In
                 such
                 Veneration
                 is
                 that
                 Doctor
                 among
                 those
                 that
                 govern
                 this
                 Academy
                 .
                 The
                 reason
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Scholars
                 having
                 committed
                 some
                 Disorders
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 occasion'd
                 Complaints
                 against
                 the
                 University
                 at
                 Court
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 depriv'd
                 of
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Liberties
                 ▪
                 and
                 Privileges
                 .
                 Rabelais
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 a
                 Monk
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 a
                 person
                 of
                 a
                 Luxuriant
                 Wit
                 ,
                 being
                 then
                 at
                 Montpellier
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 choose
                 but
                 participate
                 of
                 the
                 Trouble
                 the
                 Academians
                 were
                 in
                 when
                 they
                 heard
                 the
                 News
                 .
                 What
                 does
                 he
                 do
                 ,
                 but
                 goes
                 to
                 Paris
                 ,
                 and
                 presents
                 himself
                 at
                 the
                 Chancellor
                 du
                 Pratt's
                 House
                 ?
                 The
                 Swiss
                 ,
                 who
                 took
                 him
                 for
                 a
                 Fool
                 ,
                 ask'd
                 him
                 ,
                 what
                 his
                 Business
                 was
                 ?
                 To
                 which
                 Rabelais
                 answer'd
                 him
                 in
                 Latin.
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Swiss
                 not
                 understanding
                 a
                 word
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 call'd
                 for
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Chancellor's
                 Officers
                 ,
                 who
                 understood
                 the
                 Language
                 ;
                 which
                 Rabelais
                 finding
                 out
                 ,
                 answer'd
                 him
                 in
                 Greek
                 :
                 With
                 that
                 they
                 brought
                 him
                 a
                 person
                 that
                 
                 understood
                 Greek
                 perfectly
                 well
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 Doctor
                 spoke
                 Hebrew
                 :
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 talk'd
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 Hebrew
                 ,
                 he
                 answer'd
                 in
                 Syriack
                 or
                 Arabick
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 So
                 that
                 having
                 puzzl'd
                 and
                 exhausted
                 all
                 the
                 Learning
                 in
                 the
                 Chancellors
                 House
                 ,
                 the
                 Chancellor
                 desir'd
                 to
                 see
                 him
                 himself
                 :
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 having
                 Harangu'd
                 him
                 in
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 Students
                 of
                 Montpellier
                 ,
                 he
                 obtain'd
                 the
                 Restoration
                 of
                 the
                 Privileges
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 taken
                 from
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 This
                 Rabelais
                 was
                 made
                 Curate
                 of
                 Meudon
                 ,
                 and
                 dy'd
                 at
                 Paris
                 in
                 1553.
                 and
                 being
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 pleasant
                 Humour
                 ,
                 this
                 Epitaph
                 was
                 made
                 upon
                 him
                 :
              
               
                 
                   Pluto
                   ,
                   Prince
                   of
                   Shades
                   Infernall
                   ,
                
                 
                   Where
                   sad
                   Souls
                   ne're
                   laugh
                   ,
                   but
                   burn
                   all
                   ,
                
                 
                   Be
                   kind
                   to
                   Rablais
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   'll
                   all
                
                 
                   Fall
                   a
                   laughing
                   ,
                   great
                   and
                   small
                   .
                
              
               
                 Near
                 the
                 Convent
                 of
                 the
                 Cordeleers
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 Lake
                 full
                 of
                 Frogs
                 that
                 have
                 never
                 been
                 heard
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Noise
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 people
                 of
                 the
                 County
                 say
                 ,
                 since
                 St.
                 Anthony
                 of
                 Padua
                 ,
                 being
                 interrupted
                 by
                 'em
                 in
                 his
                 Prayers
                 and
                 Meditations
                 ,
                 commanded
                 'em
                 to
                 be
                 Silent
                 ;
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 you
                 take
                 
                 any
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 make
                 most
                 noise
                 in
                 other
                 places
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 'em
                 into
                 this
                 Lake
                 they
                 presently
                 become
                 as
                 Mute
                 as
                 Fish
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 take
                 'em
                 out
                 of
                 this
                 Lake
                 and
                 put
                 'em
                 in
                 another
                 place
                 ,
                 they
                 shall
                 be
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 shall
                 fall
                 a
                 Croaking
                 and
                 the
                 loudest
                 in
                 the
                 Consort
                 of
                 Paddocks
                 .
                 Pliny
                 recites
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 of
                 the
                 Frogs
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 Seriphos
                 in
                 the
                 Archipelago
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 it self
                 is
                 very
                 Ancient
                 ,
                 commanded
                 by
                 a
                 Cittadel
                 with
                 fair
                 and
                 royal
                 Bastions
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 a
                 Bishop
                 Suffragan
                 to
                 Narbonne
                 ,
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Seneschalship
                 ,
                 a
                 Court
                 of
                 Aids
                 ,
                 a
                 Chamber
                 of
                 the
                 Finances
                 ,
                 &c.
                 without
                 the
                 Town
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Royal
                 Physick-Garden
                 ,
                 stor'd
                 with
                 Curiosities
                 in
                 abundance
                 .
              
               
                 Nimes
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 fair
                 City
                 ,
                 &
                 where
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 were
                 they
                 not
                 such
                 great
                 Talkers
                 ,
                 and
                 less
                 Malapert
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 good
                 Company
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 is
                 very
                 Ancient
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 affirm
                 ,
                 that
                 Nemausus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Hercules
                 was
                 the
                 Founder
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 it
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 as
                 being
                 call'd
                 in
                 Latin
                 Nemausis
                 or
                 Nemausus
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 formerly
                 much
                 more
                 spatious
                 then
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 as
                 including
                 within
                 it
                 seven
                 Hills
                 like
                 
                   Old
                   Rome
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 the
                 Walls
                 were
                 fortify'd
                 with
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Towers
                 .
              
               
                 Among
                 the
                 most
                 remarkable
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Antiquity
                 we
                 must
                 reckon
                 the
                 Amphitheater
                 erected
                 by
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Antoninus
                 ,
                 Four
                 hundred
                 and
                 seventy
                 Paces
                 in
                 compass
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 two
                 Gladiators
                 cut
                 in
                 Stone
                 ;
                 the
                 Wolf
                 that
                 suckl'd
                 Romulus
                 and
                 Remus
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Vultures
                 that
                 appear'd
                 to
                 those
                 two
                 Founders
                 of
                 Rome
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 likewise
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 at
                 Nimes
                 ,
                 a
                 Cavern
                 that
                 runs
                 under-ground
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 Arles
                 :
                 for
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 Custom
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 to
                 have
                 in
                 several
                 parts
                 such
                 subterraneal
                 Communications
                 between
                 one
                 City
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Neighborhood
                 also
                 appears
                 a
                 very
                 Curious
                 Piece
                 of
                 Roman
                 Workmanship
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 Three
                 Bridges
                 one
                 above
                 another
                 ;
                 the
                 lowest
                 of
                 six
                 Arches
                 ;
                 the
                 second
                 of
                 two
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 third
                 of
                 thirty
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Structure
                 may
                 be
                 about
                 Fourscore
                 and
                 two
                 foot
                 high
                 .
                 This
                 Bridge
                 is
                 call'd
                 
                   Pont
                   du
                   Gard.
                
                 
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 say
                 nothing
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Grotto's
                 ,
                 the
                 Garden
                 of
                 St.
                 Privat
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Curious
                 Statues
                 ;
                 only
                 I
                 may
                 add
                 this
                 in
                 short
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 City
                 is
                 an
                 Epitome
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Antiquities
                 :
                 
                 and
                 give
                 me
                 leave
                 to
                 insert
                 this
                 one
                 thing
                 more
                 ,
                 that
                 without
                 the
                 City
                 some
                 Remainders
                 of
                 a
                 Building
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 a
                 Temple
                 of
                 Diana
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Fountain
                 of
                 Vesta
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 near
                 it
                 ,
                 was
                 famous
                 heretofore
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Water
                 was
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 to
                 Purifie
                 the
                 Vestal
                 Nuns
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 City
                 is
                 a
                 Town
                 of
                 great
                 Trade
                 ,
                 &
                 there
                 are
                 made
                 in
                 it
                 great
                 Quantities
                 of
                 Woollen
                 Stuffs
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 also
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 Bishop
                 ,
                 a
                 Seneschalship
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VIII
                 .
                 Of
                 Guien
                 and
                 Gascoignie
                 .
              
               
                 MAny
                 People
                 under
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Gascognie
                 ,
                 comprehend
                 all
                 the
                 Provinces
                 that
                 lye
                 beyond
                 Lion
                 ;
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Dauphinate
                   ,
                   Provence
                
                 and
                 Languedoc
                 ;
                 whereas
                 Gascognie
                 is
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 a
                 small
                 Province
                 included
                 with
                 in
                 Guienne
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Garonne
                 contributes
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 to
                 enrich
                 this
                 Province
                 ;
                 it
                 receives
                 the
                 Merchandizes
                 which
                 Forreign
                 Vessels
                 import
                 ,
                 and
                 carries
                 away
                 the
                 Wines
                 and
                 other
                 Commodities
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 People
                 are
                 look'd
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 little
                 Insolent
                 ,
                 excessive
                 Boasters
                 ,
                 and
                 somewhat
                 given
                 to
                 Thieving
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Rule
                 is
                 not
                 without
                 Exceptions
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 are
                 as
                 vertuous
                 People
                 among
                 'em
                 as
                 in
                 other
                 places
                 ,
                 and
                 free-hearted
                 beyond
                 compare
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 the
                 best
                 Souldiers
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 especially
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 had
                 a
                 Campagne
                 or
                 two
                 i'
                 their
                 Bellies
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 from
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Provinces
                 are
                 as
                 good
                 as
                 they
                 :
                 Their
                 Train'd-Bands
                 have
                 made
                 themselves
                 sufficiently
                 known
                 in
                 Piedmont
                 and
                 Catalogna
                 these
                 last
                 Years
                 .
              
               
                 Bourdeaux
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 City
                 of
                 this
                 Province
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 the
                 seat
                 of
                 a
                 Venerable
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 an
                 Archbishoprick
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 famous
                 University
                 for
                 the
                 Civil
                 and
                 Canon-Law
                 ,
                 founded
                 by
                 Eugenius
                 IV.
                 and
                 Lewis
                 X.
                 in
                 1473.
                 
                 It
                 affords
                 very
                 beautiful
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Antiquity
                 ;
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Adrian
                 ,
                 which
                 a
                 Counsellor
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 has
                 got
                 into
                 his
                 Study
                 .
                 The
                 Hollow-Stones
                 that
                 lye
                 at
                 St.
                 
                 Severin's
                 ,
                 are
                 very
                 much
                 worth
                 Observation
                 ;
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 are
                 full
                 or
                 empty
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Moon
                 is
                 either
                 at
                 the
                 
                 Full
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 her
                 Wain
                 .
                 Lewis
                 XIV
                 .
                 has
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 contributed
                 to
                 make
                 this
                 City
                 considerable
                 by
                 the
                 Castle
                 Trompette
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 built
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 the
                 Haven
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 the
                 Garonne
                 ,
                 receives
                 the
                 biggest
                 of
                 Merchants
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 that
                 bring
                 great
                 Wealth
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Some
                 Years
                 since
                 the
                 Parlament
                 of
                 Bourdeaux
                 was
                 remov'd
                 to
                 Reaule
                 ,
                 which
                 did
                 a
                 great
                 Injury
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 discontented
                 the
                 Members
                 of
                 that
                 Venerable
                 Body
                 ;
                 but
                 brought
                 great
                 Advantages
                 and
                 Profit
                 to
                 that
                 little
                 Borough
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 an
                 Infinite
                 Number
                 of
                 other
                 Cities
                 in
                 Guyenne
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 parts
                 adjoyning
                 ,
                 where
                 Travellers
                 may
                 meet
                 with
                 a
                 Thousand
                 ▪
                 pleasing
                 Objects
                 ;
                 as
                 
                   Cadillac
                   ,
                   Baza
                   ,
                   Bayonne
                
                 ,
                 St.
                 
                   Jean
                   de
                   Luz
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 But
                 I
                 leave
                 those
                 that
                 have
                 seen
                 'em
                 ,
                 or
                 have
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 visit
                 'em
                 ,
                 to
                 judge
                 of
                 their
                 Beauty
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 IX
                 .
                 Of
                 Xaintonge
                 and
                 Angoumois
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 Join
                 these
                 two
                 Provinces
                 together
                 ,
                 first
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 both
                 give
                 their
                 names
                 to
                 the
                 Capital
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 very
                 near
                 under
                 the
                 same
                 Climate
                 ;
                 and
                 secondly
                 because
                 the
                 Remarks
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 upon
                 each
                 in
                 particular
                 ,
                 being
                 added
                 together
                 ,
                 will
                 afford
                 matter
                 but
                 for
                 a
                 very
                 small
                 Chapter
                 .
              
               
                 Xaintes
                 ,
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 Charante
                 ,
                 is
                 beautify'd
                 with
                 many
                 marks
                 of
                 Antiquity
                 .
                 The
                 Bridge
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 makes
                 it
                 evident
                 by
                 a
                 Latin
                 Inscription
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 built
                 by
                 Caesar
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 are
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 remains
                 of
                 a
                 Triumphal
                 Arch.
                 The
                 Church
                 of
                 St.
                 Peters
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 one
                 and
                 twentieth
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 Charlemaign
                 caus'd
                 to
                 be
                 built
                 was
                 ruin'd
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 less
                 remarkable
                 for
                 the
                 remains
                 of
                 an
                 Amphitheater
                 and
                 several
                 Aqueducts
                 ,
                 and
                 divers
                 other
                 Monuments
                 of
                 Roman
                 Antiquity
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 Bishops
                 See
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court.
                 'T
                 is
                 
                 likewise
                 observ'd
                 that
                 the
                 Water
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Charante
                 keeps
                 much
                 longer
                 sweet
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 Water
                 of
                 other
                 Rivers
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 several
                 other
                 fair
                 Cities
                 in
                 Xaintoigne
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Coignac
                   ,
                   Tonnay
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Brouage
                 ;
                 famous
                 for
                 the
                 Salt-pits
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 it
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Sea
                 of
                 Bourdeaux
                 ,
                 stands
                 a
                 Tower
                 built
                 upon
                 a
                 Rock
                 ,
                 which
                 serves
                 as
                 a
                 Pharos
                 or
                 Land
                 mark
                 to
                 direct
                 Ships
                 that
                 Sail
                 upon
                 that
                 Coast
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Tower
                 of
                 Cordouan
                 ;
                 and
                 we
                 are
                 assur'd
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 much
                 higher
                 and
                 more
                 beautiful
                 then
                 the
                 Pharos
                 of
                 Alexandria
                 .
              
               
                 Blaye
                 ,
                 built
                 upon
                 the
                 River
                 side
                 ,
                 is
                 considerable
                 for
                 the
                 Fortifications
                 which
                 hinder
                 the
                 Entrance
                 of
                 any
                 Enemies
                 Ships
                 into
                 the
                 Harbour
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Sepulchre
                 of
                 Charibert
                 King
                 of
                 Paris
                 ,
                 the
                 Eldest
                 Son
                 of
                 Clotaire
                 the
                 First
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 County
                 of
                 Xantoigne
                 is
                 very
                 fertile
                 in
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Wine
                 ,
                 Pasturage
                 ,
                 Saffron
                 ,
                 &c.
                 greatly
                 stor'd
                 with
                 Fish
                 ,
                 and
                 abounding
                 in
                 Roman
                 ,
                 or
                 Pontic
                 Wormwood
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 common
                 Proverb
                 among
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   
                   if
                
                 France
                 
                   were
                   an
                   Egg
                
                 ,
                 Xantoigne
                 
                   would
                   be
                   the
                   Yolk
                
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Angoulesm
                 be
                 seated
                 upon
                 a
                 Rock
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 a
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 yet
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Cittadel
                 also
                 built
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 Defence
                 of
                 it
                 :
                 Which
                 also
                 serves
                 for
                 a
                 Curb
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 it self
                 should
                 their
                 happen
                 any
                 Sedition
                 .
              
               
                 Two
                 Leagues
                 from
                 Angoulesm
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 Fountain
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 which
                 issuing
                 out
                 of
                 an
                 Abyss
                 ,
                 never
                 increases
                 nor
                 diminishes
                 .
                 A
                 certain
                 Queen
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 being
                 desirous
                 to
                 know
                 whence
                 the
                 Spring
                 of
                 this
                 Fountain
                 should
                 arise
                 ,
                 order'd
                 a
                 Condemn'd
                 Person
                 to
                 be
                 let
                 down
                 into
                 the
                 Abyss
                 ,
                 who
                 reported
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 see
                 nothing
                 but
                 Dreadful
                 Rocks
                 and
                 Monstrous
                 Fish
                 ,
                 that
                 would
                 have
                 devour'd
                 him
                 ,
                 had
                 he
                 not
                 speedily
                 got
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 way
                 .
                 At
                 Montmeron
                 a
                 Silver
                 Mine
                 was
                 discover'd
                 ;
                 but
                 no-body
                 was
                 ever
                 set
                 to
                 work
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 reason
                 of
                 which
                 I
                 believe
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 because
                 Nature
                 has
                 furnish'd
                 it
                 with
                 so
                 small
                 a
                 quantity
                 of
                 that
                 Metal
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Mine
                 will
                 not
                 afford
                 Ore
                 enough
                 to
                 Pay
                 the
                 Workmen
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 People
                 of
                 Xantoigne
                 are
                 lookt
                 on
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 Witty
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 Courageous
                 .
                 Those
                 of
                 Angoulesm
                 are
                 no
                 less
                 Warlike
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 love
                 to
                 live
                 like
                 Gentlemen
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 are
                 Clowns
                 and
                 Brutes
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 X.
                 Of
                 Limosin
                 and
                 Perigort
                 .
              
               
                 THE
                 City
                 of
                 Limoges
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Capital
                 of
                 Limosin
                 ;
                 remarkable
                 for
                 several
                 Monuments
                 of
                 Antiquity
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 three
                 Councils
                 held
                 there
                 in
                 the
                 Years
                 1029.
                 1031.
                 and
                 1182.
                 
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 several
                 Aqueducts
                 built
                 by
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 Three
                 Churches
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Monasteries
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 also
                 the
                 seat
                 of
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Audit
                 for
                 the
                 King's
                 Finances
                 .
                 Nor
                 are
                 Travellers
                 to
                 pass
                 through
                 it
                 ,
                 without
                 seeing
                 the
                 Artificers
                 for
                 Enamelling
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 perfect
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 better
                 Workmanship
                 of
                 that
                 sort
                 in
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 :
                 and
                 going
                 to
                 Vssel
                 you
                 see
                 'em
                 no
                 less
                 busily
                 employ'd
                 in
                 making
                 of
                 false
                 Diamonds
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 most
                 considerable
                 Cities
                 of
                 Limosin
                 ,
                 are
                 
                   Gueret
                   ,
                   Tulle
                   Brive
                   ,
                   Vserche
                   ,
                
                 a
                 very
                 Strong
                 Hold
                 ,
                 
                   Roche
                   Abeille
                
                 ,
                 famous
                 
                 for
                 the
                 great
                 Battel
                 there
                 fought
                 in
                 1569.
                 
                 Chalos
                 ,
                 noted
                 for
                 the
                 Horse-Fairs
                 there
                 kept
                 ,
                 
                   Aines
                   ,
                   Aimotier
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Though
                 Perigort
                 be
                 Stony
                 and
                 Mountainous
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 well
                 enough
                 contented
                 with
                 their
                 Condition
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 vast
                 Number
                 of
                 Chesnuts
                 which
                 grow
                 in
                 this
                 County
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 serve
                 'em
                 for
                 the
                 Nourishment
                 of
                 their
                 Families
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 fatten
                 their
                 Hoggs
                 ;
                 Besides
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 well
                 stor'd
                 with
                 Medicinal
                 Waters
                 ,
                 and
                 Iron
                 Mines
                 .
              
               
                 Periguex
                 is
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 this
                 Province
                 ;
                 so
                 very
                 Ancient
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 scruple
                 not
                 to
                 affirm
                 it
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 built
                 by
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Noah
                 .
                 But
                 others
                 from
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Vesuna
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Ancients
                 gave
                 it
                 ,
                 derive
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 it
                 from
                 Venus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 formerly
                 worshipt
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 ;
                 where
                 there
                 are
                 still
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Ruins
                 of
                 a
                 Temple
                 dedicated
                 to
                 that
                 Goddess
                 ,
                 with
                 several
                 other
                 Antiquities
                 .
                 The
                 Fountain
                 of
                 Marlac
                 ,
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 from
                 Periguex
                 ,
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 visited
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Ebbing
                 and
                 Flowing
                 of
                 the
                 Waters
                 that
                 supply
                 it
                 .
                 Which
                 contributes
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 to
                 confirm
                 the
                 Opinion
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 Periguex
                 is
                 built
                 upon
                 a
                 floating
                 piece
                 of
                 Ground
                 .
                 Some
                 Years
                 
                 ago
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Well
                 in
                 the
                 Great
                 Market-Place
                 stopt
                 up
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 thought
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 Abyss
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 that
                 several
                 People
                 being
                 let
                 down
                 ,
                 could
                 could
                 never
                 find
                 a
                 Bottom
                 ;
                 only
                 they
                 reported
                 upon
                 their
                 coming
                 up
                 again
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 saw
                 a
                 large
                 Plain
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Water
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 some
                 may
                 put
                 the
                 Question
                 ,
                 whence
                 those
                 People
                 had
                 so
                 much
                 light
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 such
                 a
                 Discovery
                 ?
                 To
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 answer
                 according
                 as
                 they
                 told
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 from
                 other
                 Wells
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 parts
                 thereabout
                 ,
                 which
                 let
                 the
                 light
                 into
                 that
                 Subterraneal
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 floating
                 Lanthorns
                 which
                 they
                 drove
                 before
                 'em
                 with
                 Engines
                 .
              
               
                 Besides
                 there
                 are
                 few
                 Houses
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 owners
                 if
                 they
                 dig
                 never
                 so
                 little
                 in
                 their
                 Cellars
                 ,
                 presently
                 meet
                 with
                 Water
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 the
                 weight
                 ,
                 the
                 taste
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 marks
                 ,
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 same
                 with
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Well
                 which
                 was
                 stopt
                 up
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Harlots
                 were
                 wont
                 to
                 throw
                 their
                 Children
                 into
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Two
                 Leagues
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 there
                 is
                 another
                 Fountain
                 ,
                 the
                 Water
                 of
                 which
                 changes
                 it self
                 into
                 Stones
                 of
                 what
                 form
                 you
                 please
                 .
                 But
                 among
                 the
                 
                 most
                 remarkable
                 things
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Cavern
                 near
                 Miramont
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 Cluseau
                 ,
                 which
                 extends
                 it self
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 Leagues
                 under
                 Ground
                 ,
                 wherein
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 Apartments
                 pav'd
                 with
                 Mosaic
                 Work
                 ,
                 Altars
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 beautiful
                 Pictures
                 ,
                 Fountains
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 River
                 six
                 and
                 twenty
                 foot
                 broad
                 ,
                 and
                 beyond
                 that
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 vast
                 Plain
                 or
                 Champian
                 Country
                 ,
                 where
                 no
                 body
                 yet
                 durst
                 be
                 so
                 bold
                 as
                 to
                 plant
                 any
                 Colonies
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Abby
                 of
                 Cadouan
                 at
                 Sarlat
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 Sacred
                 Napkin
                 or
                 rather
                 Winding
                 Sheet
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 affirm
                 that
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 Christ
                 was
                 wrapt
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 Sepulchre
                 of
                 Joseph
                 of
                 
                   Arimathea
                   .
                   Libourne
                
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 Dordogne
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 pleasant
                 City
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 that
                 River
                 Ebbing
                 and
                 Flowing
                 brings
                 up
                 Vessels
                 of
                 a
                 Considerable
                 bigness
                 .
                 But
                 there
                 is
                 one
                 thing
                 very
                 extraordinary
                 ,
                 nor
                 do
                 I
                 know
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 any
                 other
                 like
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 there
                 runs
                 from
                 the
                 Sea
                 a
                 Whirling
                 Eddy
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 quantity
                 of
                 a
                 Tunn
                 ,
                 which
                 without
                 being
                 driven
                 by
                 the
                 Force
                 of
                 violent
                 Gusts
                 of
                 Wind
                 ,
                 rowls
                 up
                 the
                 River
                 with
                 such
                 an
                 Impetuous
                 
                 fury
                 as
                 would
                 overturn
                 the
                 biggest
                 Ships
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 stood
                 in
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 terrible
                 noise
                 it
                 makes
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 heard
                 three
                 Leagues
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 know
                 this
                 Whirling
                 Eddy
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 Macanet
                 ,
                 always
                 keeps
                 along
                 by
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 the
                 Vessels
                 remove
                 to
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 an
                 Instinct
                 no
                 less
                 worthy
                 of
                 Admiration
                 ,
                 the
                 Wild
                 Ducks
                 and
                 Swans
                 ,
                 no
                 sooner
                 hear
                 the
                 noise
                 but
                 they
                 make
                 haste
                 to
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 to
                 secure
                 themselves
                 from
                 the
                 Rowling
                 Waves
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XI
                 .
                 Of
                 Querci
                 ,
                 and
                 Rouergne
                 .
              
               
                 QVerci
                 cannot
                 chuse
                 but
                 be
                 a
                 very
                 fertile
                 Country
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 water'd
                 by
                 the
                 Garonne
                 ,
                 the
                 Dordogne
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Tarr
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 three
                 Navigable
                 Rivers
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 Mines
                 both
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 in
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 take
                 little
                 or
                 no
                 care
                 to
                 look
                 after
                 'em
                 ;
                 no
                 question
                 because
                 they
                 have
                 plenty
                 of
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Wine
                 ,
                 Prunes
                 ,
                 Saffran
                 and
                 Pastorage
                 ,
                 that
                 will
                 fetch
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 without
                 the
                 pains
                 of
                 
                 Digging
                 and
                 Delving
                 .
                 The
                 Common
                 People
                 are
                 Boarish
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Gentry
                 and
                 Nobility
                 very
                 Civil
                 .
              
               
                 Cahors
                 is
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 Querci
                 where
                 the
                 Amphitheater
                 ,
                 the
                 Bridges
                 and
                 the
                 Towers
                 are
                 infallible
                 proofs
                 of
                 the
                 Antiquity
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 Pope
                 John
                 XXII
                 .
                 a
                 great
                 disturber
                 of
                 the
                 peace
                 of
                 Europe
                 ,
                 was
                 born
                 at
                 Cahors
                 ,
                 and
                 founded
                 there
                 a
                 University
                 for
                 the
                 Common
                 Law
                 in
                 1332.
                 
                 Wherein
                 he
                 shew'd
                 more
                 love
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 of
                 his
                 Nativity
                 then
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 besides
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 Bishops
                 See
                 which
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 bring
                 in
                 the
                 greatest
                 Profit
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 in
                 France
                 .
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 Church
                 is
                 dedicated
                 to
                 St.
                 Steven
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 Consecrated
                 by
                 St.
                 Martral
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 in
                 it
                 several
                 other
                 Churches
                 and
                 Monasteries
                 and
                 a
                 Colledge
                 of
                 Jesuits
                 ,
                 ever
                 since
                 the
                 year
                 1605.
                 
                 'T
                 is
                 also
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 Judgments
                 are
                 carry'd
                 by
                 appeal
                 to
                 the
                 Parliament
                 of
                 Tholouse
                 .
              
               
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Diocess
                 of
                 Montaubon
                 is
                 seated
                 in
                 Languedoc
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Bishops
                 have
                 a
                 seat
                 in
                 the
                 Diocess
                 of
                 that
                 Province
                 .
                 The
                 Hugonots
                 made
                 themselves
                 Masters
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 1562.
                 and
                 fortify'd
                 it
                 so
                 well
                 that
                 it
                 held
                 out
                 three
                 
                 several
                 Seiges
                 ;
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 it
                 was
                 snbdu'd
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1592.
                 and
                 because
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 no
                 more
                 a
                 refuge
                 for
                 Revolt
                 ,
                 the
                 Fortifications
                 were
                 laid
                 level
                 with
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
              
               
                 Moissac
                 is
                 another
                 City
                 of
                 Querci
                 ,
                 seated
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Montauban
                 upon
                 the
                 River
                 Tarr
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 taken
                 from
                 the
                 Romans
                 by
                 the
                 Goths
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 them
                 by
                 K.
                 Clovis
                 .
                 After
                 that
                 Gaiger
                 Duke
                 of
                 Aquitain
                 took
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 him
                 it
                 was
                 retaken
                 by
                 K.
                 Pepin
                 in
                 1212.
                 
                 The
                 English
                 utterly
                 ruin'd
                 it
                 .
                 However
                 afterwards
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 considerable
                 again
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 will
                 hardly
                 recover
                 the
                 ill
                 usage
                 it
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 the
                 Hugonots
                 in
                 the
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 .
                 A
                 traveller
                 will
                 find
                 little
                 considerable
                 in
                 Rouergne
                 except
                 the
                 Steeple
                 of
                 the
                 Cathedral
                 of
                 Rodez
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 lookt
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 highest
                 and
                 the
                 best
                 wrought
                 Piece
                 of
                 Architecture
                 in
                 France
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Rodez
                 is
                 very
                 ancient
                 but
                 has
                 lost
                 the
                 Antient
                 splendour
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 been
                 ruin'd
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Goths
                   ,
                   Saracens
                
                 and
                 Francks
                 ,
                 &c.
                 however
                 it
                 is
                 still
                 a
                 Bishops
                 See
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 a
                 Seneschalship
                 .
                 It
                 formerly
                 bore
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 an
                 Earldom
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 united
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 by
                 Hen.
                 IV.
                 
              
               
               
                 In
                 the
                 parts
                 adjoining
                 to
                 this
                 City
                 stands
                 the
                 Mountain
                 of
                 Canseu
                 ,
                 which
                 Burns
                 when
                 it
                 Rains
                 :
                 and
                 two
                 Leagues
                 from
                 thence
                 you
                 meet
                 with
                 an
                 Abyss
                 ,
                 sixty
                 paces
                 wide
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 hunder'd
                 deep
                 :
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 side
                 of
                 this
                 Abyss
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 hole
                 which
                 has
                 no
                 bottom
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Quercinois
                 are
                 lookt
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 great
                 dissemblers
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Perigordins
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 quarrelsome
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 their
                 Cups
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XII
                 .
                 Of
                 Auvergne
                 .
              
               
                 AVvergne
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 principal
                 Provinces
                 of
                 France
                 :
                 it
                 bears
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 an
                 Earldom
                 ;
                 and
                 is
                 bounded
                 to
                 the
                 East
                 ;
                 by
                 Forests
                 ,
                 and
                 Lyonnois
                 ;
                 by
                 Rouergne
                 and
                 Velai
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ;
                 by
                 
                   Querci
                   ,
                   Perigort
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Limosin
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Berry
                 and
                 Bourbonnois
                 to
                 the
                 North.
                 It
                 is
                 divided
                 into
                 the
                 Upper
                 and
                 Lower
                 .
                 The
                 Upper
                 drives
                 a
                 great
                 Trade
                 in
                 Cheese
                 ,
                 Horses
                 ,
                 Cows
                 ,
                 Mules
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 The
                 Lower
                 abounds
                 in
                 Corn
                 and
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 Trades
                 in
                 Tapestry
                 ,
                 
                 Bone-lace
                 ,
                 Cloth
                 ,
                 Knives
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Commodities
                 .
                 The
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Auvergnois
                 are
                 laborious
                 ,
                 crafty
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 dissimulation
                 ,
                 addicted
                 to
                 quarrel
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 self-conceited
                 and
                 opinionated
                 of
                 themselves
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 if
                 you
                 do
                 not
                 give
                 'em
                 their
                 way
                 with
                 much
                 compliance
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 thing
                 will
                 create
                 a
                 squabble
                 .
              
               
                 Aurillac
                 is
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Upper
                 Auvergne
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 formerly
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 several
                 fair
                 Churches
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 ruin'd
                 in
                 the
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 .
                 Among
                 the
                 most
                 remarkable
                 things
                 we
                 have
                 there
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 the
                 Refectory
                 of
                 the
                 Carmelites
                 is
                 reckon'd
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 chiefest
                 ,
                 which
                 much
                 surpasses
                 in
                 Neatness
                 ,
                 Bigness
                 and
                 Painting
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Convent
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 of
                 Aurillac
                 is
                 lookt
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 severest
                 Tribunals
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 Division
                 of
                 Auvergne
                 stands
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Cantal
                 ,
                 remarkable
                 for
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 Simples
                 which
                 it
                 produces
                 ,
                 tho
                 it
                 be
                 extreamly
                 cold
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 Mountains
                 are
                 also
                 fertile
                 in
                 Pastorages
                 .
                 The
                 lower
                 Auvergne
                 commonly
                 called
                 
                   la
                   Limayne
                
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 wide
                 in
                 the
                 extent
                 of
                 it
                 as
                 the
                 
                 Upper
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 is
                 much
                 a
                 more
                 pleasant
                 place
                 to
                 reside
                 in
                 .
                 The
                 soil
                 is
                 more
                 fertile
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 more
                 Civil
                 and
                 Sociable
                 .
                 Clairmont
                 is
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 is
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Air
                 has
                 purify'd
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 people
                 have
                 offer'd
                 a
                 considerable
                 summ
                 for
                 the
                 Covering
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 lay
                 on
                 another
                 of
                 Lead
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 thickness
                 ;
                 but
                 neither
                 would
                 their
                 Money
                 be
                 taken
                 ,
                 nor
                 their
                 proffer
                 accepted
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 in
                 it
                 a
                 Fountain
                 that
                 turns
                 into
                 Stone
                 as
                 it
                 falls
                 :
                 upon
                 which
                 account
                 ,
                 some
                 aver
                 that
                 the
                 Bridge
                 which
                 is
                 there
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 was
                 the
                 work
                 of
                 this
                 strange
                 operation
                 of
                 nature
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 eight
                 fathom
                 wide
                 ,
                 six
                 in
                 thickness
                 ,
                 and
                 thirty
                 six
                 long
                 :
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 Charles
                 IX
                 .
                 had
                 the
                 curiosity
                 to
                 see
                 it
                 .
                 Several
                 Councils
                 have
                 been
                 held
                 at
                 Clairmont
                 ;
                 among
                 which
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 was
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1095.
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 by
                 the
                 sollicitations
                 of
                 Vrban
                 the
                 II.
                 The
                 celebrated
                 Croisade
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 upon
                 for
                 the
                 Conquest
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 Land.
                 Charles
                 the
                 V.
                 assembled
                 the
                 States
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 believ'd
                 this
                 City
                 was
                 built
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ruins
                 of
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Gergovia
                 ,
                 so
                 highly
                 applauded
                 
                 by
                 Caesar
                 in
                 his
                 Commentaries
                 ;
                 and
                 where
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Tower
                 which
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 burnt
                 when
                 that
                 City
                 was
                 all
                 in
                 Conflagration
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 it
                 was
                 made
                 of
                 Larch
                 or
                 Larinx
                 wood
                 ,
                 which
                 resists
                 Fire
                 .
              
               
                 Rion
                 famous
                 for
                 the
                 Antiquity
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 seated
                 upon
                 a
                 Hill
                 ,
                 which
                 renders
                 the
                 Situation
                 and
                 the
                 Prospect
                 very
                 pleasant
                 .
                 The
                 Houses
                 are
                 well
                 built
                 ,
                 the
                 Streets
                 straight
                 and
                 broad
                 ,
                 the
                 Churches
                 Magnificent
                 ,
                 the
                 Monasteries
                 stately
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 sumptuous
                 :
                 but
                 nothing
                 makes
                 the
                 City
                 so
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 as
                 St.
                 
                 Amable's
                 Tooth
                 ,
                 which
                 as
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 infallibly
                 cures
                 the
                 bitings
                 of
                 mad
                 Dogs
                 ,
                 of
                 Serpents
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 venemous
                 Beasts
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 the
                 Situation
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 parts
                 adjoining
                 is
                 so
                 pleasant
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Garden
                 and
                 Paradise
                 of
                 Auvergne
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 City
                 is
                 the
                 seat
                 of
                 a
                 Mareschalship
                 ,
                 a
                 Presidial-court
                 ,
                 a
                 Generality
                 of
                 the
                 Finances
                 ,
                 an
                 Election
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 Justice
                 sit
                 in
                 a
                 Palace
                 built
                 by
                 John
                 of
                 Berry
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 a
                 small
                 quarter
                 of
                 a
                 League
                 from
                 Clairmont
                 stands
                 Montferrand
                 another
                 considerable
                 City
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 the
                 Marquess
                 d'Effiat
                 ,
                 would
                 
                 fain
                 have
                 had
                 'em
                 join'd
                 together
                 under
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 Clairmont-Ferrand
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Jealousie
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 started
                 so
                 many
                 difficulties
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 compass
                 his
                 design
                 .
                 The
                 Buildings
                 are
                 very
                 beautiful
                 and
                 the
                 Magnificence
                 of
                 the
                 Churches
                 inspire
                 Devotion
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 few
                 Leagues
                 from
                 Rion
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 little
                 City
                 of
                 old
                 Brioude
                 ,
                 remarkable
                 for
                 the
                 Bridge
                 that
                 belongs
                 to
                 it
                 consisting
                 of
                 one
                 Arch
                 ▪
                 which
                 is
                 supported
                 by
                 two
                 Mountains
                 of
                 a
                 prodigious
                 height
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 built
                 by
                 
                 Caesar's
                 Order
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 observable
                 ,
                 that
                 one
                 Stone
                 falling
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Building
                 some
                 Ages
                 since
                 ,
                 could
                 never
                 be
                 put
                 again
                 into
                 the
                 place
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 fell
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Le
                   Puy
                
                 is
                 a
                 City
                 very
                 considerable
                 for
                 the
                 largeness
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 riches
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 fertility
                 of
                 the
                 soil
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 advantages
                 .
                 The
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Reliques
                 which
                 are
                 there
                 preserv'd
                 draws
                 the
                 Devotion
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 for
                 above
                 seven
                 or
                 eight
                 leagues
                 round
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 People
                 always
                 magnify
                 Objects
                 ,
                 and
                 multiply
                 Miracles
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 places
                 where
                 Reliques
                 are
                 deposited
                 ,
                 are
                 seldom
                 sorry
                 for
                 ,
                 it
                 many
                 times
                 happens
                 that
                 true
                 Devotion
                 is
                 intermix'd
                 with
                 Superstition
                 .
                 Amongst
                 the
                 pretious
                 
                 Gages
                 which
                 that
                 City
                 preserves
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 an
                 Image
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 Virgin
                 ,
                 of
                 Cedarwood
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Ignorant
                 People
                 say
                 was
                 made
                 by
                 a
                 Prophet
                 of
                 the
                 Old
                 Testament
                 that
                 wrought
                 Journey
                 work
                 under
                 Joseph
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 silly
                 People
                 also
                 give
                 credit
                 to
                 what
                 a
                 Demoniack
                 formerly
                 pronounc'd
                 in
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Relique
                 which
                 is
                 there
                 preserv'd
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Innocent
                 Children
                 which
                 were
                 Massacred
                 by
                 Herod
                 was
                 the
                 begotten
                 son
                 of
                 that
                 Barbarous
                 King.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIII
                 .
                 Of
                 Lionnois
                 .
              
               
                 LIonnois
                 is
                 a
                 small
                 Province
                 from
                 the
                 which
                 Capital
                 City
                 derives
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 Lyon.
                 The
                 People
                 are
                 very
                 courteous
                 and
                 civil
                 to
                 strangers
                 ;
                 their
                 prevailing
                 passion
                 being
                 desire
                 of
                 gain
                 ,
                 which
                 extends
                 their
                 Trade
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Magazine
                 of
                 France
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 commonly
                 said
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 the
                 Magnificence
                 of
                 Lyon
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 Paris
                 be
                 without
                 her
                 equal
                 ,
                 Lyon
                 
                 has
                 no
                 companion
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 formerly
                 call'd
                 the
                 Colony
                 of
                 Claudius
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 Emperor
                 was
                 born
                 there
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Lyon
                 ,
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 Confluence
                 of
                 the
                 Rhone
                 and
                 the
                 Sone
                 ,
                 is
                 accounted
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Situated
                 ,
                 most
                 Antient
                 ,
                 the
                 Fairest
                 and
                 one
                 that
                 drives
                 the
                 greatest
                 Trade
                 in
                 all
                 France
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 an
                 Archbishop
                 who
                 is
                 Primate
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 ,
                 an
                 Audit
                 for
                 the
                 Kings
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 a
                 Mint
                 ,
                 a
                 Seneschalship
                 ,
                 an
                 Election
                 ,
                 a
                 Tribunal
                 of
                 Trade
                 under
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 the
                 Conservation
                 of
                 Lyon.
                 It
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 founded
                 by
                 one
                 Lugdus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Celtae
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 was
                 in
                 Latin
                 call'd
                 Lugdunum
                 .
                 Others
                 say
                 that
                 one
                 Momor
                 a
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 upon
                 the
                 Confluence
                 of
                 the
                 Rhone
                 and
                 Sone
                 by
                 command
                 of
                 the
                 Emperour
                 ,
                 and
                 because
                 he
                 saw
                 a
                 flight
                 of
                 Crows
                 settle
                 upon
                 a
                 Mountain
                 adjoining
                 he
                 call'd
                 it
                 the
                 Lugdune
                 or
                 the
                 Hill
                 of
                 the
                 Crows
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 those
                 who
                 assert
                 it
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 a
                 Colony
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 visible
                 Errour
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Druids
                 had
                 held
                 their
                 Assemblies
                 there
                 before
                 ever
                 Rome
                 was
                 talk'd
                 of
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Phoenicians
                 and
                 Greeks
                 had
                 settl'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 before
                 that
                 Famous
                 Republick
                 
                 ever
                 sent
                 any
                 Colonies
                 into
                 Gaul
                 .
                 However
                 it
                 were
                 certain
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 an
                 Altar
                 in
                 or
                 near
                 this
                 City
                 where
                 the
                 Orators
                 of
                 those
                 times
                 disputed
                 for
                 the
                 Prizes
                 of
                 Eloquence
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Sacred
                 Grove
                 where
                 the
                 Ancients
                 offer'd
                 up
                 their
                 Sacrifices
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Lyon
                 is
                 divided
                 into
                 thirty
                 seven
                 quarters
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 call'd
                 Penonages
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 every
                 one
                 their
                 several
                 Captains
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Officers
                 .
                 It
                 has
                 seven
                 Gates
                 ,
                 the
                 Market
                 Places
                 and
                 Piazza's
                 are
                 Magnificent
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Buildings
                 both
                 Sacred
                 and
                 Prophane
                 are
                 sumptuous
                 .
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 is
                 dedicated
                 to
                 St.
                 John
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 built
                 upon
                 the
                 Ruins
                 of
                 the
                 Altar
                 which
                 was
                 dedicated
                 to
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Augustus
                 the
                 same
                 year
                 that
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Claudius
                 was
                 born
                 .
                 The
                 Town
                 House
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 superb
                 Structures
                 in
                 Europe
                 :
                 and
                 among
                 the
                 Curiosities
                 which
                 are
                 there
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 two
                 Tables
                 of
                 Brass
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 are
                 engrav'd
                 the
                 Speech
                 which
                 Claudius
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 to
                 incline
                 'em
                 to
                 admit
                 the
                 Lionnois
                 and
                 other
                 Gauls
                 into
                 the
                 Senate
                 as
                 Citizens
                 of
                 Rome
                 .
                 The
                 Arsenal
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 supply'd
                 in
                 France
                 .
                 The
                 Archiepiscopal
                 Palace
                 is
                 very
                 
                 Beautiful
                 .
                 Pope
                 Gregory
                 VII
                 .
                 confirm'd
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1079.
                 to
                 the
                 Archbishop
                 of
                 Lyon
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Primate
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 priviledge
                 was
                 adjudg'd
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 several
                 other
                 Pontiffs
                 Successors
                 to
                 Gregory
                 .
                 The
                 Chapiter
                 of
                 Lyon
                 is
                 compos'd
                 of
                 three
                 Churches
                 under
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Steeple
                 ;
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 Tolling
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Bell
                 Divine
                 Service
                 begins
                 and
                 ends
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 three
                 Churches
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 Time
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 St.
                 Johns
                 ,
                 St.
                 Stephans
                 ,
                 and
                 Holy
                 Roods
                 .
                 This
                 Chapiter
                 has
                 been
                 always
                 fill'd
                 with
                 persons
                 as
                 well
                 Illustrious
                 for
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 their
                 Birth
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 their
                 Learning
                 .
                 Five
                 or
                 six
                 celebrated
                 Authors
                 have
                 observ'd
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 thirteenth
                 Age
                 there
                 had
                 been
                 known
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 Canons
                 ,
                 one
                 Son
                 of
                 an
                 Emperour
                 ,
                 nine
                 Sons
                 of
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 fourteen
                 Sons
                 of
                 Dukes
                 ,
                 thirty
                 Sons
                 of
                 Counts
                 ,
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Barons
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 thirteenth
                 Oecumenical
                 Council
                 was
                 assembl'd
                 at
                 Lyon
                 by
                 Innocent
                 IV.
                 in
                 1245.
                 and
                 Gregory
                 X.
                 celebrated
                 another
                 there
                 in
                 1274.
                 where
                 he
                 presided
                 himself
                 And
                 besides
                 these
                 two
                 Councils
                 several
                 other
                 particular
                 Councils
                 were
                 held
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 at
                 different
                 times
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Castle
                 of
                 
                   Pierre
                   Aneise
                
                 may
                 be
                 
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 peculiar
                 Beauties
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 Beauty
                 in
                 a
                 Prison
                 .
                 For
                 Prisoners
                 of
                 Quality
                 and
                 Consequence
                 are
                 committed
                 to
                 this
                 Place
                 :
                 and
                 thus
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Milan
                 was
                 under
                 Confinement
                 in
                 this
                 Castle
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 French
                 took
                 him
                 after
                 his
                 being
                 defeated
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Antiquity
                 of
                 Lion
                 is
                 easily
                 prov'd
                 by
                 the
                 Amphitheaters
                 ,
                 Aqueducts
                 ,
                 and
                 old
                 Ruins
                 of
                 the
                 Palaces
                 of
                 several
                 Roman
                 Emperors
                 who
                 resided
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 Without
                 the
                 Gate
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 Sepulchre
                 ,
                 call'd
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Sepulchre
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   Lovers
                   .
                
                 Some
                 will
                 have
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Monument
                 of
                 Herod
                 and
                 Herodias
                 ;
                 others
                 ,
                 the
                 Tomb
                 of
                 two
                 Lovers
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 long
                 in
                 Love
                 together
                 ,
                 but
                 dy'd
                 in
                 the
                 state
                 of
                 Virginity
                 .
                 Before
                 the
                 Gate
                 of
                 St.
                 Justus
                 lyes
                 a
                 Stone
                 of
                 an
                 Immense
                 weight
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 plac'd
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 true
                 Equilibrium
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 may
                 move
                 it
                 with
                 one
                 Finger
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 City
                 is
                 endowed
                 with
                 several
                 Privileges
                 which
                 have
                 been
                 granted
                 her
                 by
                 her
                 Soveraigns
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 who
                 have
                 been
                 once
                 honour'd
                 with
                 the
                 Shrievalty
                 of
                 Lion
                 ,
                 are
                 ennobl'd
                 ,
                 both
                 they
                 and
                 their
                 Posterity
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIV
                 .
                 Of
                 Burgundy
                 and
                 Nivernois
                 .
              
               
                 BVrgundy
                 is
                 a
                 Province
                 with
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 a
                 Dutchy
                 and
                 Peerdom
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 were
                 formerly
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Title
                 is
                 now
                 born
                 by
                 the
                 Dauphin's
                 eldest
                 Son.
                 This
                 Province
                 extends
                 it self
                 from
                 North
                 to
                 South
                 above
                 Fifty
                 Leagues
                 (
                 not
                 above
                 Forty
                 ,
                 says
                 
                   De
                   la
                   Croix
                
                 )
                 and
                 Thirty
                 from
                 East
                 to
                 West
                 (
                 Thirty
                 two
                 ,
                 says
                 
                   De
                   la
                   Croix
                   )
                
                 .
                 The
                 Source
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Seine
                 ,
                 rises
                 in
                 a
                 Village
                 of
                 Burgundy
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 St.
                 Seine
                 .
                 The
                 Burgundians
                 are
                 an
                 obliging
                 people
                 ,
                 and
                 love
                 Honour
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 are
                 naturally
                 opinionated
                 and
                 obstinate
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 must
                 have
                 a
                 great
                 Ascendant
                 over
                 'em
                 to
                 make
                 'em
                 alter
                 their
                 Sentiments
                 .
              
               
                 Dijon
                 is
                 the
                 Capital
                 of
                 this
                 Province
                 ;
                 and
                 Historians
                 report
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Aurelian
                 having
                 utterly
                 raz'd
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 a
                 certain
                 place
                 call'd
                 Burg-Dogne
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Burgus
                   Deorum
                
                 ,
                 was
                 afraid
                 of
                 the
                 Anger
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 to
                 whom
                 that
                 place
                 was
                 Consecrated
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 his
                 
                 Mother
                 ,
                 Priestess
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 advis'd
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 Expiation
                 of
                 his
                 Fault
                 ,
                 to
                 build
                 a
                 Temple
                 and
                 a
                 Castle
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 the
                 First
                 Foundations
                 of
                 this
                 Capital
                 City
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 remarkable
                 for
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 fortify'd
                 with
                 Towers
                 and
                 Bastions
                 ;
                 the
                 Castle
                 flank'd
                 with
                 Four
                 Great
                 Towers
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 Ravelins
                 ;
                 a
                 fair
                 Charter-House
                 ,
                 wherein
                 are
                 the
                 Stately
                 Tombs
                 of
                 the
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Burgundy
                 ,
                 the
                 Palace
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 the
                 King's
                 House
                 ,
                 Sixteen
                 Churches
                 ,
                 two
                 Abbies
                 ,
                 five
                 Hospitals
                 ,
                 the
                 Town-House
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 being
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 the
                 States
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 meet
                 every
                 Three
                 Years
                 .
                 This
                 Country
                 enriches
                 it self
                 by
                 her
                 Corn
                 and
                 Wine
                 ,
                 being
                 generally
                 call'd
                 the
                 Magazine
                 of
                 Paris
                 .
                 St.
                 Bernard
                 was
                 Born
                 in
                 a
                 Village
                 of
                 this
                 Province
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Fontaine
                 .
              
               
                 Beaune
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 ancient
                 City
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Chancery
                 and
                 a
                 Bailliage
                 ,
                 seated
                 advantageously
                 for
                 every
                 thing
                 ;
                 but
                 most
                 chiefly
                 fruitful
                 in
                 delicious
                 Wines
                 .
              
               
                 Autun
                 is
                 also
                 very
                 Ancient
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 there
                 are
                 who
                 derive
                 the
                 Etymology
                 of
                 the
                 Name
                 from
                 Augustus
                 .
                 However
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 thought
                 
                 it
                 worthy
                 of
                 their
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 and
                 enter'd
                 into
                 an
                 Alliance
                 with
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Druids
                 held
                 their
                 Senate
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Ruins
                 of
                 a
                 Temple
                 of
                 Juno
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 Janitoye
                 .
                 And
                 among
                 other
                 Antiquities
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 still
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 Field
                 of
                 Mars
                 ,
                 the
                 Mount
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Ruins
                 of
                 Triumphal
                 Arches
                 ,
                 Pyramids
                 ,
                 Aqueducts
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 Church
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Episcopal
                 Palace
                 are
                 worth
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 curious
                 Travellers
                 .
              
               
                 Auxerre
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 good
                 City
                 with
                 an
                 Episcopal
                 See
                 ,
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Bailliage
                 .
                 This
                 City
                 is
                 very
                 Ancient
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 Julian
                 the
                 Apostate
                 stopt
                 here
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 to
                 refresh
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 next
                 Age
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 taken
                 and
                 almost
                 ruin'd
                 by
                 Attila
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 451.
                 
                 After
                 that
                 ,
                 K.
                 Robert
                 took
                 it
                 in
                 1005.
                 from
                 Landri
                 ,
                 Count
                 of
                 Nevers
                 .
                 Since
                 which
                 time
                 it
                 was
                 govern'd
                 by
                 particular
                 Counts
                 of
                 her
                 own
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Thorough-fare
                 ,
                 having
                 a
                 Stone
                 Bridge
                 ,
                 Large
                 Piazza's
                 ,
                 several
                 Fountains
                 ,
                 beautiful
                 Churches
                 ,
                 among
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Cathedral
                 is
                 very
                 Magnificent
                 ,
                 stor'd
                 with
                 Reliques
                 ,
                 and
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 a
                 most
                 beautiful
                 Quire
                 ,
                 a
                 
                 Steeple
                 remarkable
                 for
                 the
                 heighth
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Chapter
                 of
                 Fifty
                 nine
                 Canons
                 :
                 but
                 the
                 Earldom
                 is
                 now
                 united
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 .
                 The
                 Bishop
                 resides
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 no
                 difficult
                 thing
                 to
                 fortifie
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 it
                 stands
                 upon
                 a
                 rising
                 Ground
                 which
                 Commands
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 There
                 have
                 also
                 been
                 two
                 Councils
                 held
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 under
                 the
                 Pontificate
                 of
                 Pelagius
                 ,
                 in
                 578.
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 1147.
                 
                 It
                 is
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 River
                 Yonne
                 ,
                 that
                 falls
                 into
                 the
                 Seine
                 at
                 Montereau
                 .
              
               
                 Nevers
                 ,
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 Nivernois
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 considerable
                 City
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 the
                 goodness
                 and
                 fertility
                 of
                 the
                 Soil
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 Advantages
                 it
                 receives
                 from
                 the
                 River
                 Loire
                 ,
                 which
                 washes
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 runs
                 by
                 the
                 Fortress
                 that
                 Commands
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 over
                 which
                 it
                 has
                 a
                 Bridge
                 of
                 Twenty
                 Arches
                 .
                 Travellers
                 are
                 always
                 us'd
                 to
                 visit
                 these
                 Parts
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 make
                 Glasses
                 and
                 Earthen
                 Pots
                 ,
                 which
                 bring
                 great
                 Profit
                 to
                 this
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Bishoprick
                 is
                 under
                 the
                 Archbishop
                 of
                 Sens
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 last
                 Assembly
                 of
                 the
                 States
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 the
                 Deputies
                 of
                 Nivernois
                 appear'd
                 under
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Orleanois
                 .
                 
                 There
                 are
                 in
                 this
                 Little
                 Province
                 both
                 Iron
                 and
                 Silver
                 Mines
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 People
                 make
                 little
                 Advantage
                 of
                 '
                 em
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XV.
                 Of
                 Berry
                 and
                 Burbonnois
                 .
              
               
                 THough
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Berry
                 be
                 of
                 no
                 great
                 Extent
                 ,
                 yet
                 is
                 it
                 very
                 Rich.
                 The
                 Cloth
                 which
                 is
                 there
                 made
                 is
                 in
                 great
                 Esteem
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Wool
                 in
                 this
                 Province
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 who
                 were
                 in
                 Ancient
                 Time
                 call'd
                 the
                 Bituriges
                 ,
                 were
                 very
                 formidable
                 :
                 And
                 History
                 informs
                 us
                 not
                 only
                 of
                 the
                 Conquests
                 which
                 they
                 made
                 in
                 Germany
                 and
                 Italy
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 same
                 People
                 ,
                 who
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 held
                 the
                 Empire
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 ,
                 were
                 they
                 who
                 gave
                 Caesar
                 the
                 Greatest
                 Trouble
                 in
                 his
                 Conquests
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 Berry
                 is
                 Bourges
                 ,
                 being
                 an
                 Archbishoprick
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 a
                 Primacy
                 and
                 Patriarchate
                 ,
                 having
                 also
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 ,
                 a
                 Bailliage
                 ,
                 a
                 Generality
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 University
                 .
                 The
                 Situation
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 Advantageous
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 Rivers
                 that
                 make
                 
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Bogg
                 ,
                 and
                 fill
                 the
                 Moats
                 .
                 It
                 has
                 seven
                 Gates
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 Suburbs
                 .
                 The
                 Walls
                 are
                 in
                 a
                 good
                 condition
                 ,
                 fortify'd
                 with
                 Four
                 and
                 twenty
                 Towers
                 .
                 The
                 Ramparts
                 are
                 Cannon-proof
                 ,
                 the
                 Stones
                 being
                 cut
                 Diamond
                 fashion
                 ,
                 and
                 Nineteen
                 Foot
                 thick
                 .
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 Church
                 is
                 dedicated
                 to
                 St.
                 Stephen
                 ,
                 a
                 most
                 beautiful
                 Structure
                 ,
                 supported
                 by
                 Fifty
                 Pillars
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Treasury
                 of
                 this
                 Cathedral
                 contains
                 many
                 Curiosities
                 which
                 Foreigners
                 will
                 be
                 glad
                 to
                 see
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 which
                 I
                 would
                 have
                 inserted
                 here
                 a
                 Catalogue
                 ,
                 had
                 I
                 not
                 unfortunately
                 mislay'd
                 it
                 in
                 my
                 Travels
                 .
                 This
                 City
                 suffer'd
                 much
                 by
                 the
                 Irruptions
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 in
                 the
                 Fifth
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 still
                 it
                 feels
                 the
                 furious
                 sack
                 of
                 the
                 Huguenots
                 upon
                 the
                 27th
                 of
                 
                   May
                   1562.
                
                 when
                 the
                 Count
                 of
                 Montmorancy
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 their
                 General
                 ,
                 took
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Bourbonnois
                 is
                 separated
                 from
                 Burgundy
                 by
                 the
                 River
                 Loire
                 ,
                 which
                 lyes
                 to
                 the
                 East
                 ;
                 Berry
                 bounds
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 ;
                 Auvergne
                 and
                 Forest
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ;
                 and
                 Nivernois
                 to
                 the
                 North.
                 This
                 Province
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 considerable
                 for
                 it self
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 Soil
                 be
                 very
                 fertile
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 Honour
                 which
                 it
                 has
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Illustrious
                 
                 House
                 of
                 Bourbon
                 wear
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 France
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Bourbon
                 bequeath'd
                 her
                 Name
                 to
                 this
                 Province
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 the
                 Capital
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 attributed
                 to
                 Moulins
                 .
                 The
                 Castle
                 of
                 Bourbon
                 is
                 environ'd
                 with
                 24
                 Towers
                 ,
                 which
                 renders
                 it
                 extremely
                 strong
                 .
                 Near
                 the
                 Castle
                 lies
                 a
                 great
                 Marsh
                 ,
                 where
                 are
                 the
                 Baths
                 of
                 Bourbon
                 ,
                 so
                 renown'd
                 all
                 over
                 Europe
                 .
              
               
                 Moulins
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 large
                 and
                 fair
                 City
                 ,
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 River
                 Allier
                 ,
                 and
                 remarkable
                 for
                 the
                 Mineral
                 Waters
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Cutlers
                 Shops
                 .
                 The
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Ornaments
                 that
                 belong
                 to
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XVI
                 .
                 Of
                 Poitou
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Aunis
                 .
              
               
                 POitou
                 is
                 a
                 large
                 Province
                 ,
                 containing
                 near
                 Sixty
                 Leagues
                 from
                 East
                 to
                 West
                 ,
                 
                   (
                   De
                   la
                   Croix
                
                 says
                 ,
                 about
                 30
                 Leagues
                 in
                 Length
                 ,
                 and
                 20
                 in
                 Breadth
                 )
                 It
                 is
                 bounded
                 by
                 
                   Berry
                   ,
                   Limosin
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Touraine
                 .
                 To
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 by
                 Angoumois
                 
                 and
                 Xantoigne
                 ;
                 by
                 Anjou
                 and
                 Bretaigne
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 by
                 the
                 Ocean
                 .
                 The
                 Poictovins
                 are
                 civil
                 and
                 obliging
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 addicted
                 to
                 Raillery
                 ,
                 and
                 nettling
                 ,
                 girding
                 Sarcasms
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 must
                 either
                 forbear
                 keeping
                 'em
                 Company
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 be
                 forc'd
                 to
                 bear
                 their
                 Flouts
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 so
                 frequent
                 ,
                 change
                 their
                 Gay
                 and
                 Sportive
                 Humour
                 into
                 the
                 Vice
                 of
                 Scurrilous
                 Detraction
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 this
                 Province
                 is
                 Poiters
                 ,
                 seated
                 upon
                 a
                 rising
                 Ground
                 between
                 two
                 Rivers
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 famous
                 for
                 being
                 a
                 Bishops
                 See
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 University
                 for
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 which
                 Pope
                 Eugenius
                 IV.
                 and
                 Charles
                 VII
                 .
                 founded
                 there
                 in
                 1431.
                 
                 At
                 what
                 time
                 the
                 Parlament
                 of
                 Paris
                 was
                 translated
                 thither
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 English
                 were
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 Near
                 to
                 Poitiers
                 it
                 was
                 that
                 the
                 Battel
                 so
                 dismall
                 to
                 France
                 was
                 fought
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1356.
                 where
                 the
                 English
                 took
                 K.
                 John
                 Prisoner
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Poitiers
                 is
                 govern'd
                 by
                 a
                 Mayor
                 ,
                 Twelve
                 Sheriffs
                 or
                 Aldermen
                 ,
                 and
                 Twelve
                 Sworn
                 Counsellors
                 .
                 The
                 Walls
                 and
                 Castle
                 rose
                 from
                 the
                 Ruins
                 of
                 the
                 Amphitheater
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 
                 Structures
                 are
                 sufficient
                 Proofs
                 of
                 the
                 Antiquity
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 Among
                 the
                 Reliques
                 which
                 are
                 there
                 preserv'd
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 the
                 Cathedral
                 ,
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 St.
                 
                 Peter's
                 Beard
                 ,
                 which
                 St.
                 Hilary
                 brought
                 thither
                 from
                 Rome
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 say
                 .
                 The
                 Statue
                 of
                 
                   Constantine
                   the
                   Great
                
                 ,
                 stands
                 in
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 
                   Nostre
                   Dame.
                
                 In
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 St.
                 Hilarius
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Trunk
                 of
                 a
                 Tree
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 tell
                 you
                 ,
                 serv'd
                 that
                 Saint
                 instead
                 of
                 a
                 Cradle
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 a
                 peculiar
                 Efficacy
                 to
                 restore
                 Madmen
                 to
                 their
                 Wits
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 Sepulchre
                 which
                 consumes
                 Dead
                 Bodies
                 in
                 Four
                 &
                 twenty
                 Hours
                 ,
                 but
                 which
                 becomes
                 noisom
                 to
                 the
                 Smell
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 rub
                 it
                 with
                 Iron
                 .
              
               
                 Above
                 half
                 a
                 League
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 
                   La
                   Pierre
                   Elevée
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 
                   High-rais'd
                   Stone
                
                 ,
                 Five
                 and
                 twenty
                 Foot
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 Seventeen
                 broad
                 ,
                 supported
                 by
                 Four
                 other
                 Stones
                 .
                 They
                 tell
                 yee
                 ,
                 that
                 Pantagruel
                 drew
                 this
                 Stone
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Rock
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 ,
                 Passe-Lourain
                 or
                 the
                 Lobcoch
                 ;
                 having
                 this
                 Distich
                 engrav'd
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
              
               
                 
                   Hic
                   Lapis
                   ingentem
                   superat
                   gravitate
                   Colossum
                   ,
                
                 
                   Ponderis
                   &
                   grandi
                   sidera
                   mole
                   premit
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 
                   This
                   Stone
                   the
                   vast
                   Colossus
                   far
                   surpasses
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   with
                   its
                   ponderous
                   Bulk
                   the
                   Stars
                   oppresses
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 Stone
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 already
                 ,
                 is
                 supported
                 by
                 Four
                 Pillars
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 fifth
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Stone
                 does
                 not
                 rest
                 ;
                 though
                 it
                 stand
                 within
                 a
                 fingers
                 breadth
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 people
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 tell
                 this
                 Story
                 .
                 That
                 Sir
                 Aldegonde
                 carrying
                 the
                 great
                 Stone
                 upon
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Five
                 Pillars
                 in
                 his
                 Apron
                 ,
                 let
                 fall
                 one
                 of
                 'em
                 ;
                 which
                 the
                 Devil
                 presently
                 taking
                 up
                 ,
                 follow'd
                 the
                 Saint
                 ,
                 who
                 stopp'd
                 half
                 a
                 League
                 from
                 Poitiers
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 the
                 great
                 Stone
                 upon
                 the
                 Four
                 Pillars
                 that
                 remain'd
                 in
                 his
                 Apron
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Devil
                 being
                 desirous
                 to
                 add
                 a
                 fifth
                 ,
                 could
                 never
                 raise
                 it
                 so
                 high
                 as
                 to
                 bear
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 assistant
                 in
                 supporting
                 the
                 Burthen
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 must
                 I
                 pass
                 over
                 in
                 silence
                 a
                 certain
                 Cavern
                 about
                 four
                 Leagues
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 Entrance
                 into
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 difficult
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Passage
                 more
                 difficult
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 formerly
                 they
                 were
                 wont
                 to
                 go
                 and
                 take
                 a
                 walk
                 in
                 this
                 Cavern
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 usual
                 mirth
                 and
                 rejoycing
                 that
                 attends
                 upon
                 Weddings
                 .
                 
                 But
                 that
                 a
                 Young
                 Bride
                 having
                 fallen
                 into
                 it
                 and
                 broken
                 her
                 Head
                 ,
                 they
                 who
                 came
                 after
                 ,
                 thinking
                 it
                 more
                 convenient
                 to
                 keep
                 their
                 Skulls
                 whole
                 ,
                 the
                 Custom
                 was
                 abolish'd
                 .
                 They
                 who
                 have
                 a
                 desire
                 to
                 Visit
                 the
                 Town-House
                 of
                 Poitiers
                 ,
                 may
                 see
                 the
                 Franchises
                 and
                 Privileges
                 granted
                 by
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 France
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 Engraven
                 upon
                 Plates
                 of
                 Brass
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 other
                 very
                 fair
                 Cities
                 in
                 Poitou
                 ,
                 as
                 Lodun
                 ,
                 the
                 Castle
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 situated
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 formerly
                 call'd
                 Juliodunum
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 a
                 Bailliage
                 and
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court.
                 Next
                 to
                 this
                 Chasteleraut
                 ,
                 famous
                 for
                 Cutlers
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 they
                 make
                 the
                 best
                 false
                 Diamonds
                 in
                 any
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 'T
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 about
                 a
                 small
                 League
                 from
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 in
                 former
                 days
                 ,
                 a
                 young
                 Hind
                 shew'd
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 of
                 
                   Clovis
                   the
                   Great
                
                 ,
                 where
                 to
                 pass
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 going
                 before
                 'em
                 as
                 their
                 Guide
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 went
                 to
                 fight
                 Alaric
                 K.
                 of
                 the
                 Goths
                 .
                 The
                 Bridge
                 which
                 
                   Katherine
                   de
                   Medicis
                
                 there
                 built
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 fair
                 one
                 ;
                 as
                 being
                 Sixty
                 six
                 foot
                 broad
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 hundred
                 and
                 thirty
                 long
                 ,
                 supported
                 by
                 Nine
                 Arches
                 .
                 Mailluizay
                 
                 and
                 Luson
                 ,
                 are
                 two
                 Episcopal
                 Cities
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 very
                 fair
                 Churches
                 ;
                 nor
                 are
                 they
                 without
                 some
                 particular
                 Beauties
                 :
                 Nevertheless
                 the
                 First
                 Bishoprick
                 was
                 translated
                 to
                 Rochelle
                 in
                 1648.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Country
                 of
                 Aunis
                 ,
                 so
                 call'd
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 because
                 a
                 certain
                 King
                 undertook
                 to
                 Conquer
                 it
                 by
                 an
                 Ell
                 aday
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 but
                 of
                 a
                 small
                 extent
                 ,
                 yet
                 is
                 very
                 fertile
                 and
                 well
                 peopl'd
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Rochelle
                 is
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 .
                 Which
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 very
                 Ancient
                 ,
                 became
                 famous
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 Age
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 for
                 Religion
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 Houses
                 that
                 were
                 erected
                 in
                 this
                 place
                 ,
                 were
                 built
                 to
                 withstand
                 the
                 Incursions
                 of
                 the
                 Normans
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 times
                 Landed
                 in
                 the
                 Harbour
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 Treaty
                 of
                 Bretigny
                 it
                 was
                 surrender'd
                 to
                 the
                 English
                 against
                 the
                 Will
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 but
                 return'd
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 under
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 France
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Hugonets
                 became
                 Masters
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 Age.
                 And
                 
                   La
                   Noue
                
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 Governor
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 valiantly
                 defended
                 it
                 against
                 the
                 Siege
                 which
                 Charles
                 IX
                 .
                 in
                 vain
                 laid
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 under
                 the
                 Conduct
                 of
                 his
                 Brother
                 
                 Henry
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 Henry
                 III.
                 who
                 left
                 the
                 Siege
                 to
                 take
                 Possession
                 of
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 Poland
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Year
                 1620.
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 meeting
                 of
                 the
                 Huguenots
                 at
                 Rochel
                 ,
                 to
                 consult
                 about
                 laying
                 the
                 Foundation
                 of
                 a
                 small
                 Protestant
                 Republick
                 .
                 But
                 Lewis
                 XIII
                 .
                 reduc'd
                 'em
                 to
                 their
                 Duty
                 in
                 1622.
                 
                 But
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 English
                 and
                 Hollanders
                 encourag'd
                 'em
                 to
                 revolt
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Sea
                 afforded
                 an
                 easie
                 entrance
                 for
                 their
                 succour
                 ,
                 they
                 soon
                 drew
                 upon
                 'em
                 the
                 Indignation
                 of
                 their
                 Soveraign
                 ;
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1627.
                 
                 Cardinal
                 Richelieu
                 having
                 caus'd
                 a
                 Mound
                 or
                 Dam
                 to
                 be
                 raised
                 ,
                 Seven
                 hundred
                 forty
                 seven
                 Fathom
                 long
                 ,
                 on
                 purpose
                 to
                 hinder
                 their
                 Communication
                 with
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 they
                 Surrender'd
                 the
                 28th
                 of
                 
                   Octob.
                   1628.
                
                 
                 The
                 King
                 who
                 was
                 personally
                 at
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 enter'd
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 upon
                 
                   All-Saints
                   Day
                
                 ,
                 depriv'd
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 their
                 Privileges
                 ,
                 and
                 demolish'd
                 their
                 Fortifications
                 ,
                 leaving
                 only
                 the
                 two
                 Towers
                 which
                 Charles
                 V.
                 built
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 were
                 thought
                 requisite
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 secur'd
                 with
                 a
                 Chain
                 that
                 reach'd
                 from
                 one
                 Tower
                 to
                 another
                 .
              
               
               
                 Since
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 present
                 King
                 has
                 surrounded
                 it
                 with
                 New
                 and
                 Strong
                 Fortifications
                 ,
                 a
                 good
                 Cittadel
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Works
                 to
                 hinder
                 the
                 Landing
                 of
                 a
                 Forreign
                 Enemy
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 now
                 a
                 Town
                 of
                 great
                 Trade
                 ,
                 whither
                 all
                 the
                 Merchandizes
                 are
                 brought
                 that
                 are
                 transported
                 from
                 the
                 Indies
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 Bishops
                 See
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 also
                 the
                 seat
                 of
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Jurisdiction
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Soveraign
                 Court
                 for
                 the
                 Western
                 Salt-Pits
                 .
                 The
                 people
                 in
                 their
                 Humour
                 ,
                 partake
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 breath
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 therefore
                 very
                 boisterous
                 and
                 insolent
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 less
                 full
                 of
                 Vanity
                 and
                 Pride
                 .
                 Rochefort
                 is
                 a
                 Sea-Port
                 Town
                 at
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Charante
                 ,
                 formerly
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 a
                 Village
                 ,
                 now
                 a
                 City
                 with
                 good
                 Bastions
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 are
                 planted
                 Rows
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 that
                 make
                 very
                 pleasant
                 Walks
                 ;
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 in
                 this
                 place
                 several
                 Ware-houses
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Hospital
                 for
                 sick
                 and
                 wounded
                 Seamen
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XVII
                 .
                 Of
                 Bretagne
                 .
              
               
                 BRetagne
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 large
                 Province
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 also
                 usually
                 call'd
                 by
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 
                   Little
                   Bretaigne
                
                 ,
                 to
                 distinguish
                 it
                 from
                 
                   Great
                   Britain
                
                 ;
                 which
                 contains
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 of
                 
                   England
                   ,
                   Scotland
                
                 and
                 Ireland
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 small
                 Islands
                 adjoyning
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Province
                 of
                 France
                 that
                 has
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Number
                 of
                 Havens
                 as
                 this
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 environ'd
                 by
                 the
                 Ocean
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 ,
                 South
                 and
                 West
                 :
                 Eastward
                 it
                 is
                 bounded
                 by
                 
                   Poitou
                   ,
                   Anjou
                   ,
                   Maine
                
                 and
                 Normandy
                 .
                 It
                 extends
                 it self
                 above
                 Forty
                 Leagues
                 from
                 South
                 to
                 North
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 Bouitz
                 to
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Couenon
                 ,
                 and
                 Sixty
                 from
                 East
                 to
                 West
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 from
                 Vitrey
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Point
                 of
                 Conquet
                 ,
                 and
                 contains
                 Nine
                 Bishopricks
                 .
                 Formerly
                 it
                 was
                 govern'd
                 by
                 Kings
                 for
                 above
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Years
                 together
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 afterwards
                 contented
                 with
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 a
                 Dukedom
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Year
                 1491.
                 that
                 Ann
                 of
                 Bretaine
                 ,
                 the
                 only
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Francis
                 II.
                 the
                 last
                 Duke
                 ,
                 married
                 
                 Charles
                 the
                 Eighth
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 that
                 Lewis
                 XII
                 .
                 who
                 both
                 United
                 this
                 Dutchy
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Soil
                 is
                 fertile
                 in
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Flax
                 ,
                 Hemp
                 and
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 affords
                 good
                 Butter
                 ,
                 and
                 Breeds
                 good
                 Horses
                 ,
                 but
                 produces
                 little
                 Wine
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 Grief
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 great
                 Lovers
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 Between
                 Chasteau-Briant
                 and
                 Martigues
                 ,
                 are
                 several
                 Mines
                 of
                 Iron
                 and
                 Lead
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Signory
                 of
                 Salle
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 Source
                 of
                 Water
                 that
                 smells
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 and
                 drives
                 before
                 it
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Sand
                 of
                 the
                 colour
                 of
                 Gold
                 :
                 and
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 upon
                 a
                 high
                 Hill
                 ,
                 they
                 find
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 Sulphur
                 and
                 Copper
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 another
                 place
                 ,
                 they
                 dig
                 out
                 Talc
                 and
                 
                   Stone
                   Allum
                
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 pounded
                 into
                 Powder
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 spun
                 into
                 long
                 Threads
                 or
                 Candlewieks
                 ,
                 which
                 never
                 go
                 out
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 there
                 is
                 any
                 substance
                 remaining
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 thought
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Asbestos
                 of
                 the
                 Ancients
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Mines
                 of
                 Valgoet
                 ,
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 both
                 Jasper
                 Stones
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 clear
                 Chrystal
                 ,
                 with
                 several
                 other
                 Rarities
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 Province
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 Value
                 put
                 upon
                 the
                 Secrets
                 of
                 the
                 Mount
                 Menehaldec
                 ,
                 the
                 Beauties
                 of
                 the
                 Forrest
                 of
                 Besban
                 ,
                 where
                 is
                 still
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 square
                 Base
                 of
                 
                 Stone
                 call'd
                 Perron-Merlin
                 ,
                 the
                 ancient
                 Divertisement
                 of
                 the
                 Knights
                 Errant
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Fountain
                 of
                 Balanton
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 They
                 also
                 make
                 great
                 reckoning
                 of
                 the
                 Amber
                 of
                 Bell-Isle
                 ,
                 the
                 Aqueducts
                 of
                 Dal
                 ,
                 the
                 Vaults
                 between
                 Rieux
                 and
                 Redon
                 .
                 the
                 Subterraneal
                 Torrent
                 in
                 the
                 Forrest
                 of
                 St.
                 
                   Aubin
                   du
                   Cornier
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Singularities
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Ardre
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lake
                 of
                 Grandlieu
                 near
                 Nantes
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 already
                 told
                 yee
                 how
                 the
                 Province
                 is
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 needless
                 to
                 tell
                 yee
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 stor'd
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fish
                 ;
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 taken
                 upon
                 the
                 Coast
                 of
                 Bretaigne
                 ,
                 a
                 certain
                 Fish
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 Marseilles
                 is
                 call'd
                 Imperador
                 or
                 the
                 Emperour
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 
                   Bretanie
                   ,
                   Gracieux
                   Seigneur
                
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 delightful
                 to
                 the
                 tast
                 .
                 The
                 Bretons
                 are
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 sociable
                 Humour
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 are
                 two
                 sorts
                 of
                 People
                 ,
                 whose
                 Company
                 pleases
                 'em
                 better
                 then
                 any
                 other
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 are
                 those
                 that
                 can
                 stoutly
                 hold
                 out
                 to
                 drink
                 with
                 'em
                 ;
                 The
                 next
                 ,
                 are
                 they
                 who
                 in
                 their
                 Discourses
                 ,
                 or
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 make
                 appear
                 their
                 Hatred
                 of
                 the
                 Normans
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 those
                 two
                 Provinces
                 have
                 such
                 an
                 Antipathy
                 one
                 against
                 another
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 can
                 never
                 speak
                 well
                 of
                 each
                 other
                 .
              
               
               
                 Rennes
                 is
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 Bretagne
                 ,
                 divided
                 by
                 the
                 little
                 River
                 of
                 Vilaine
                 ,
                 which
                 brings
                 up
                 great
                 Barks
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 stands
                 above
                 Twenty
                 Leagues
                 from
                 the
                 Sea.
                 Henry
                 II.
                 erected
                 a
                 Parlament
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 Bishop's
                 See
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 fair
                 Churches
                 ,
                 two
                 Abbies
                 ,
                 St.
                 Magdalens
                 and
                 St.
                 Georges
                 ,
                 with
                 several
                 other
                 Religious
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Bell
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Palace
                 Clock
                 ,
                 is
                 accompted
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 biggest
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 :
                 and
                 having
                 been
                 formerly
                 the
                 Residence
                 of
                 the
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Bretagne
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 stor'd
                 with
                 several
                 Reliques
                 for
                 Travellers
                 to
                 see
                 ,
                 either
                 out
                 of
                 Curiosity
                 or
                 Devotion
                 .
              
               
                 Nantes
                 contends
                 for
                 Superiority
                 with
                 Rennes
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 likewise
                 a
                 Bishops
                 See
                 ,
                 and
                 pretending
                 that
                 her
                 Haven
                 renders
                 her
                 more
                 wealthy
                 ,
                 more
                 famous
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 an
                 ample
                 amends
                 for
                 the
                 Parlament
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 the
                 other
                 is
                 Honour'd
                 .
                 But
                 not
                 to
                 trouble
                 my self
                 to
                 decide
                 the
                 Controversie
                 between
                 these
                 two
                 Cities
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 observe
                 that
                 Nantes
                 is
                 very
                 ancient
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 Authors
                 will
                 have
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 Nantes
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Progeny
                 of
                 Noah
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 Founder
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 it
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 .
                 
                 However
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 she
                 had
                 once
                 particular
                 Counts
                 of
                 her
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Beauty
                 and
                 Fertility
                 of
                 her
                 Soil
                 ,
                 appropriated
                 to
                 her
                 the
                 Sirname
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Eye
                   of
                   Bretagne
                
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 Castle
                 belonging
                 to
                 this
                 City
                 ;
                 which
                 secures
                 the
                 Port
                 :
                 and
                 her
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Tower
                 and
                 a
                 Clock
                 ,
                 both
                 considerable
                 for
                 the
                 rarity
                 of
                 their
                 Workmanship
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Election
                 render
                 her
                 no
                 less
                 remarkable
                 then
                 her
                 University
                 for
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 founded
                 by
                 Pope
                 Pius
                 II.
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Francis
                 II.
                 the
                 last
                 Duke
                 of
                 Bretagne
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 you
                 visit
                 the
                 Churches
                 ,
                 you
                 shall
                 see
                 the
                 Tombs
                 of
                 several
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Bretagne
                 :
                 The
                 Town-House
                 is
                 built
                 after
                 the
                 Modern
                 Mode
                 :
                 and
                 her
                 large
                 Ware-Houses
                 for
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Merchandizes
                 merit
                 the
                 View
                 of
                 all
                 Travellers
                 ,
                 who
                 will
                 then
                 admire
                 the
                 vast
                 Wealth
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Edict
                 which
                 Hen.
                 IV.
                 set
                 forth
                 at
                 Nantes
                 ,
                 in
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 Protestants
                 in
                 
                   April
                   1598.
                
                 was
                 revok'd
                 by
                 Lewis
                 XIV
                 .
                 in
                 
                   October
                   1685.
                
                 
              
               
                 St.
                 Malo's
                 is
                 another
                 famous
                 Sea-port
                 Town
                 of
                 this
                 Province
                 seated
                 upon
                 a
                 Rock
                 in
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 St.
                 Aron
                 ,
                 joyn'd
                 to
                 the
                 Land
                 by
                 a
                 long
                 
                 Causey
                 ;
                 the
                 entrance
                 into
                 which
                 is
                 defended
                 by
                 a
                 Castle
                 flank'd
                 with
                 large
                 Towers
                 ,
                 environ'd
                 with
                 good
                 Moats
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Garison
                 and
                 a
                 Governour
                 .
                 The
                 Bishoprick
                 of
                 St.
                 Quidalet
                 was
                 translated
                 thither
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1172.
                 
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 here
                 two
                 things
                 to
                 observe
                 concerning
                 St.
                 Malo's
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 seems
                 to
                 me
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Fable
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 every
                 Night
                 they
                 let
                 out
                 a
                 dozen
                 or
                 fifteen
                 great
                 Mastiffs
                 ,
                 that
                 presently
                 run
                 their
                 Rounds
                 about
                 the
                 City
                 upon
                 the
                 Ramparts
                 ,
                 and
                 infallibly
                 tear
                 to
                 pieces
                 all
                 people
                 that
                 they
                 meet
                 with
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 before
                 they
                 suffer
                 'em
                 to
                 walk
                 their
                 Patrolle
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Bell
                 Toll'd
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 to
                 give
                 people
                 notice
                 that
                 the
                 merciless
                 Watch
                 is
                 a
                 coming
                 .
                 These
                 Dogs
                 are
                 kept
                 on
                 purpose
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 City
                 from
                 surprize
                 :
                 which
                 gave
                 occasion
                 for
                 some
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   Dogs
                   had
                   the
                   Guard
                   of
                   St.
                
                 Malo's
                 .
              
               
                 My
                 second
                 Remark
                 relates
                 to
                 a
                 Raven
                 and
                 a
                 Crow
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 whose
                 number
                 never
                 increases
                 .
                 When
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 two
                 Dies
                 ,
                 all
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Parts
                 flock
                 thither
                 to
                 take
                 possession
                 of
                 the
                 Vacancy
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 
                 were
                 an
                 Inheritance
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 have
                 no
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 
                 Littleton's
                 Tenures
                 or
                 the
                 Canon-Law
                 ,
                 much
                 less
                 of
                 the
                 Genealogy
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 leave
                 their
                 Estates
                 to
                 the
                 next
                 Heirs
                 ,
                 they
                 fall
                 to
                 Bloody
                 Wars
                 one
                 among
                 another
                 :
                 many
                 are
                 slain
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 many
                 are
                 wounded
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 betake
                 themselves
                 to
                 Cowardly
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 save
                 themselves
                 upon
                 the
                 Continent
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 strongest
                 carries
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 becomes
                 peaceable
                 Possessour
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 days
                 .
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Surviver
                 ,
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 whether
                 upon
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 his
                 Companion
                 he
                 loses
                 his
                 Privileges
                 ,
                 or
                 whether
                 he
                 measures
                 Beaks
                 and
                 Claws
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 Duels
                 it
                 out
                 with
                 the
                 new
                 Comer
                 .
              
               
                 Brest
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 Seaport-Town
                 which
                 The
                 French
                 have
                 upon
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 Great
                 Maritime
                 Arsenal
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Rendevouz
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 Fleets
                 .
                 The
                 Entrance
                 into
                 the
                 Bay
                 is
                 very
                 dangerous
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 several
                 Rocks
                 that
                 lye
                 under
                 Water
                 upon
                 high
                 Tides
                 ;
                 but
                 there
                 are
                 always
                 skilful
                 Pilots
                 ready
                 to
                 carry
                 in
                 great
                 Ships
                 without
                 any
                 hazard
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 caus'd
                 this
                 Place
                 to
                 be
                 fortify'd
                 
                 after
                 a
                 wonderful
                 manner
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 without
                 Reason
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Principal
                 Keys
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Rendevouze
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Men
                 of
                 War.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XVIII
                 .
                 Of
                 Anjou
                 and
                 Touraine
                 .
              
               
                 THE
                 Province
                 of
                 Anjou
                 ,
                 dignify'd
                 with
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 a
                 Dukedom
                 ,
                 has
                 Bretagne
                 to
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 Maine
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 ,
                 Touraine
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 ,
                 and
                 Poitou
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 Thirty
                 Leagues
                 in
                 Length
                 ,
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Broad
                 (
                 Twenty
                 two
                 ,
                 says
                 
                   de
                   la
                   Croix
                
                 )
                 and
                 being
                 water'd
                 with
                 the
                 Loire
                 ,
                 the
                 Sarre
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 other
                 Rivers
                 (
                 no
                 less
                 then
                 Six
                 and
                 Thirty
                 ,
                 says
                 
                   de
                   la
                   Croix
                
                 )
                 it
                 is
                 extremely
                 fertile
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 are
                 Witty
                 and
                 very
                 Crafty
                 .
              
               
                 Anger
                 's
                 ,
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 ,
                 call'd
                 by
                 some
                 Authors
                 the
                 
                   Black
                   City
                
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Houses
                 are
                 cover'd
                 with
                 black
                 Slate
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 dig
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Quarries
                 adjoyning
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 a
                 Bishop
                 ,
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 ,
                 a
                 Bailliage
                 ,
                 a
                 Mint
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 University
                 for
                 the
                 Law
                 ;
                 Founded
                 by
                 Charles
                 V.
                 in
                 1364.
                 others
                 
                 say
                 ,
                 by
                 Lewis
                 XII
                 .
                 in
                 1398.
                 
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 dedicated
                 to
                 St.
                 Maurice
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 lovely
                 Structure
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 three
                 Steeples
                 over
                 the
                 Portal
                 are
                 wonderful
                 pieces
                 of
                 Architecture
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 seems
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 hung
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 being
                 supported
                 by
                 the
                 Foundations
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 two
                 .
                 Among
                 the
                 Antiquities
                 of
                 the
                 Treasury
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 St.
                 
                 Maurice's
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Cisterns
                 ,
                 that
                 contain'd
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 which
                 Christ
                 turn'd
                 into
                 Wine
                 at
                 the
                 Galilean
                 Wedding
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Castle
                 is
                 very
                 Ancient
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 upon
                 a
                 Rock
                 ,
                 flank'd
                 with
                 Eighteen
                 large
                 round
                 Towers
                 ,
                 and
                 defended
                 with
                 a
                 wide
                 &
                 deep
                 Moat
                 cut
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 whither
                 many
                 times
                 Prisoners
                 of
                 State
                 are
                 sent
                 ,
                 for
                 more
                 Security
                 .
                 The
                 Huguenots
                 surpriz'd
                 this
                 Castle
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1585.
                 but
                 they
                 were
                 soon
                 after
                 expell'd
                 again
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Anjovins
                   .
                   Anger
                   's
                
                 is
                 also
                 remarkable
                 for
                 the
                 University
                 there
                 Erected
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 King's
                 Letters
                 Patents
                 bearing
                 Date
                 
                   June
                   —
                   1605.
                
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Privileges
                 which
                 the
                 Academy
                 of
                 Paris
                 enjoys
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Comittimus
                 .
                 The
                 Number
                 of
                 the
                 Academies
                 is
                 fix'd
                 to
                 Thirty
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 Bishop
                 ,
                 the
                 King's
                 Lieutenant
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 
                 President
                 ,
                 the
                 King's
                 Proctor
                 in
                 the
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 who
                 have
                 their
                 Places
                 in
                 the
                 Academy
                 by
                 vertue
                 of
                 their
                 Employments
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 it self
                 is
                 govern'd
                 by
                 a
                 Mayor
                 and
                 Twenty
                 four
                 Aldermen
                 or
                 Sheriffs
                 .
              
               
                 
                   La
                   Flesche
                
                 stands
                 upon
                 the
                 Loire
                 ,
                 about
                 Ten
                 Leagues
                 from
                 Anger
                 's
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 in
                 it
                 a
                 very
                 fair
                 College
                 of
                 Jesuits
                 ,
                 Founded
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1605.
                 by
                 Henry
                 IV.
                 containing
                 three
                 Courts
                 ,
                 and
                 three
                 Piles
                 of
                 Lodging
                 Chambers
                 ,
                 sufficient
                 to
                 Lodge
                 the
                 King
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 Court.
                 The
                 Heart
                 of
                 that
                 great
                 Monarch
                 lyes
                 in
                 the
                 Chappel
                 under
                 the
                 Steps
                 ascending
                 to
                 the
                 Altar
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 ordain'd
                 by
                 his
                 Last
                 Will.
                 
              
               
                 Saumur
                 ,
                 is
                 applauded
                 by
                 all
                 Forreigners
                 for
                 the
                 Pleasantness
                 of
                 the
                 Situation
                 ;
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 Strong
                 Castle
                 and
                 well
                 fortify'd
                 .
              
               
                 Touraine
                 lyes
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 of
                 Anjou
                 ,
                 about
                 Thirty
                 Leagues
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 broad
                 .
                 This
                 Country
                 is
                 so
                 fertile
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 's
                 call'd
                 the
                 Garden
                 of
                 France
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 are
                 good
                 Natur'd
                 ,
                 Sincere
                 and
                 Witty.
                 If
                 you
                 will
                 gain
                 their
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 have
                 a
                 care
                 of
                 being
                 Melancholy
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 they
                 are
                 call'd
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Laughers
                   of
                   Tours
                   ,
                   Les
                   Rieurs
                   de
                   Tours
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 They
                 who
                 have
                 seen
                 Tours
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 this
                 Province
                 agree
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 delightful
                 Mansions
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 the
                 seat
                 of
                 an
                 Archbishop
                 ,
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Money-Chamber
                 .
                 The
                 Loire
                 ,
                 over
                 which
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Bridge
                 of
                 Nineteen
                 Arches
                 ,
                 causes
                 it
                 to
                 abound
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 great
                 Quantities
                 of
                 Silk
                 Stuffs
                 made
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 thence
                 transported
                 all
                 over
                 Europe
                 .
                 The
                 Church
                 of
                 St.
                 Martins
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 vast
                 length
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 sixty
                 Foot
                 long
                 ,
                 with
                 two
                 and
                 fifty
                 Windows
                 ,
                 twenty
                 Columns
                 ,
                 nineteen
                 Doors
                 ,
                 and
                 three
                 very
                 High
                 Towers
                 .
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1591.
                 there
                 were
                 found
                 in
                 it
                 two
                 Urns
                 full
                 of
                 the
                 Ashes
                 of
                 several
                 Bodies
                 consum'd
                 by
                 Fire
                 .
              
               
                 Amboise
                 stands
                 upon
                 the
                 Loire
                 with
                 a
                 Castle
                 Royal
                 built
                 there
                 by
                 Charles
                 VIII
                 .
                 to
                 signalize
                 the
                 Place
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 .
              
               
                 Loches
                 is
                 remarkable
                 for
                 the
                 Castle
                 and
                 a
                 beautiful
                 Forrest
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 it
                 .
                 Lewis
                 XI
                 .
                 enlarg'd
                 this
                 Castle
                 ,
                 and
                 added
                 a
                 Dungeon
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 kept
                 the
                 Cardinal
                 
                   de
                   Balve
                
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 :
                 and
                 here
                 it
                 was
                 that
                 
                   Lewis
                   Sforza
                
                 being
                 confin'd
                 by
                 Lewis
                 XIII
                 .
                 dy'd
                 in
                 his
                 Imprisonment
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 Buri'd
                 in
                 the
                 
                 Church
                 of
                 
                   Nostre
                   Dame
                
                 ,
                 where
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Tomb
                 of
                 
                   Agnes
                   Surel
                   ,
                   Charles
                
                 VIIth's
                 Mistress
                 .
              
               
                 Chinon
                 is
                 a
                 pleasant
                 City
                 ,
                 where
                 Charles
                 the
                 Seventh
                 was
                 retir'd
                 ,
                 when
                 Joane
                 of
                 Arc
                 came
                 to
                 find
                 him
                 out
                 and
                 proffer
                 him
                 her
                 Service
                 :
                 And
                 more
                 lately
                 remarkable
                 for
                 being
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 Rablaise
                 was
                 Born.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIX
                 .
                 Of
                 Beausse
                 ,
                 which
                 Comprehends
                 Orleanois
                 ,
                 Blesois
                 ,
                 and
                 Le
                 Pais
                 Chartrain
                 .
              
               
                 IN
                 regard
                 there
                 have
                 been
                 no
                 just
                 Bounds
                 given
                 to
                 this
                 Province
                 ,
                 because
                 several
                 Authors
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 humour
                 joyn
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Provinces
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 undertake
                 to
                 limit
                 the
                 extent
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 following
                 the
                 Opinion
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 divide
                 it
                 into
                 Upper
                 ,
                 Middle
                 and
                 Lower
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 commonly
                 call'd
                 
                   Le
                   Pais
                   Chartrain
                   ,
                   Orleanois
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Blesois
                 ;
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 observe
                 what
                 is
                 most
                 curious
                 in
                 the
                 Principal
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 way
                 ,
                 you
                 are
                 to
                 observe
                 that
                 this
                 Country
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Granary
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 quantity
                 
                 of
                 Corn
                 which
                 it
                 produces
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 the
                 Chartrains
                 are
                 look'd
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 Zealous
                 Catholicks
                 :
                 The
                 Orleanois
                 ,
                 somewhat
                 addicted
                 to
                 Slandering
                 and
                 Backbiting
                 :
                 The
                 Blesois
                 are
                 said
                 to
                 speak
                 the
                 best
                 French
                 ;
                 yet
                 both
                 the
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 are
                 very
                 civil
                 and
                 obliging
                 .
              
               
                 Chartres
                 is
                 a
                 City
                 so
                 Ancient
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 Authors
                 affirm
                 it
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 built
                 by
                 the
                 Gomerites
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 sent
                 into
                 Gaul
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 after
                 
                 Noah's
                 time
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 certain
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Druids
                 built
                 this
                 City
                 long
                 before
                 the
                 Birth
                 of
                 Christ
                 ,
                 whose
                 Nativity
                 they
                 foretold
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 Born
                 of
                 a
                 Virgin
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 Priscus
                 the
                 Roman
                 Governor
                 erected
                 a
                 Temple
                 there
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 consecrated
                 
                   Virgini
                   Pariturae
                
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Virgin
                 that
                 should
                 bear
                 a
                 Son.
                 And
                 seeing
                 that
                 St.
                 Paul
                 coming
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 met
                 with
                 an
                 Altar
                 dedicated
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Vnknown
                   God
                
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 the
                 more
                 readily
                 believe
                 that
                 either
                 by
                 some
                 Prophetick
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 some
                 other
                 Prerogatives
                 only
                 known
                 to
                 Providence
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Pagans
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 their
                 Darkness
                 had
                 some
                 glimmerings
                 of
                 that
                 knowledge
                 which
                 God
                 reserv'd
                 for
                 the
                 Christians
                 .
                 And
                 hence
                 
                 I
                 may
                 observe
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 some
                 Christians
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 met
                 among
                 the
                 Pagans
                 of
                 those
                 Times
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 more
                 Pagans
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 among
                 the
                 Christians
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 Well
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 at
                 Chartres
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Saints
                 Well
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Romans
                 were
                 wont
                 to
                 throw
                 the
                 Primitive
                 Christians
                 into
                 it
                 .
                 There
                 belongs
                 to
                 this
                 City
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 a
                 Bishops
                 See
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Archbishop
                 of
                 Paris
                 ,
                 ever
                 since
                 1622.
                 for
                 before
                 it
                 depended
                 upon
                 the
                 Archbishop
                 of
                 Sens.
                 There
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 many
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Antiquity
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Reliques
                 .
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 dedicated
                 to
                 the
                 Holy
                 Virgin
                 is
                 very
                 considerable
                 for
                 the
                 Quire
                 ,
                 &
                 the
                 Church
                 under-ground
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 two
                 Steeples
                 are
                 the
                 Admiration
                 of
                 Forreigners
                 .
                 The
                 Streets
                 are
                 fair
                 and
                 straight
                 ,
                 the
                 Houses
                 neatly
                 built
                 ,
                 the
                 Market-Places
                 large
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 River
                 Eure
                 affords
                 a
                 Water
                 very
                 proper
                 for
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 Manufacture
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Year
                 1591.
                 
                 Hen.
                 IV.
                 took
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 League
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 Crown'd
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 Reims
                 held
                 out
                 in
                 Rebellion
                 .
              
               
               
                 Orleans
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 considerable
                 City
                 ,
                 dignify'd
                 with
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Dukedom
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Bishop's
                 See
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Archbishop
                 of
                 Paris
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 and
                 a
                 University
                 for
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 founded
                 by
                 St.
                 Lewis
                 ,
                 and
                 confirm'd
                 by
                 
                   Philip
                   the
                   Fair
                
                 in
                 1312.
                 
                 All
                 this
                 advances
                 much
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 but
                 her
                 greater
                 ▪
                 Glory
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Appanage
                 or
                 Childs
                 Portion
                 and
                 Title
                 always
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Second
                 Son
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 much
                 more
                 Exalts
                 the
                 Idea
                 that
                 Forreigners
                 have
                 of
                 her
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 City
                 is
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Loire
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Country
                 full
                 of
                 Vineyards
                 that
                 furnish
                 it
                 with
                 excellent
                 Wine
                 .
              
               
                 Among
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 Buildings
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 Cross
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Religionaries
                 ruin'd
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 Age
                 ;
                 but
                 though
                 
                   Henry
                   the
                   Great
                
                 caus'd
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 rebuilt
                 ,
                 he
                 has
                 not
                 restor'd
                 it
                 the
                 Beauty
                 of
                 her
                 Pristin
                 Antiquity
                 .
                 This
                 City
                 was
                 several
                 times
                 Besieg'd
                 ,
                 and
                 twice
                 miraculously
                 deliver'd
                 :
                 Once
                 by
                 the
                 Prayers
                 of
                 her
                 Bishop
                 St.
                 Aignan
                 ,
                 when
                 Attila
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Hunns
                 besieg'd
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 450.
                 
                 Long
                 after
                 that
                 the
                 English
                 besieg'd
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1417.
                 at
                 what
                 
                 time
                 it
                 was
                 succour'd
                 by
                 Joan
                 of
                 Arc
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Maid
                   of
                   Orleans
                
                 .
                 The
                 Kingdom
                 was
                 then
                 in
                 a
                 Low
                 condition
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 very
                 brink
                 of
                 Ruin
                 ;
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 this
                 Maid
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 a
                 poor
                 Shepherdess
                 ,
                 born
                 at
                 Dompremi
                 upon
                 the
                 Meuse
                 ,
                 receiv'd
                 a
                 Command
                 from
                 God
                 to
                 go
                 and
                 succour
                 Orleans
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Crown
                 Charles
                 VII
                 .
                 K.
                 of
                 France
                 at
                 Reims
                 .
                 Coming
                 to
                 Court
                 ,
                 she
                 made
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 whom
                 she
                 had
                 never
                 seen
                 in
                 her
                 life
                 before
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 nothing
                 to
                 be
                 signaliz'd
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 croud
                 of
                 Courtiers
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 huddle
                 about
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 She
                 told
                 him
                 of
                 the
                 Command
                 she
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 Heaven
                 ;
                 They
                 gave
                 her
                 what
                 Men
                 she
                 desir'd
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 she
                 defeated
                 the
                 English
                 and
                 reliev'd
                 Orleans
                 .
                 After
                 that
                 she
                 caus'd
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 be
                 Crown'd
                 at
                 Reims
                 ,
                 re-conquer'd
                 all
                 Champagne
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 expell'd
                 the
                 English
                 quite
                 out
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 she
                 had
                 the
                 Misfortune
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 before
                 Compiegne
                 ,
                 which
                 she
                 had
                 laid
                 Siege
                 to
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 English
                 had
                 her
                 in
                 their
                 power
                 ,
                 they
                 carri'd
                 her
                 to
                 Rouen
                 ,
                 and
                 Burnt
                 her
                 for
                 a
                 Witch
                 .
                 She
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 Maid
                 or
                 Virgin
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 having
                 been
                 search'd
                 by
                 several
                 Matrons
                 in
                 the
                 
                 presence
                 of
                 the
                 Queen
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 found
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 .
                 The
                 Orleanois
                 had
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Veneration
                 for
                 her
                 Memory
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 set
                 up
                 her
                 Statue
                 upon
                 the
                 Bridge
                 of
                 Orleans
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 several
                 very
                 fair
                 Country
                 seats
                 in
                 the
                 Parts
                 about
                 Orleans
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 Chambort
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 built
                 by
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Francis
                 I.
                 and
                 the
                 Stairs
                 belonging
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 are
                 look'd
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 a
                 Prodigy
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 when
                 you
                 would
                 go
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Chamber
                 over
                 head
                 from
                 the
                 Room
                 where
                 you
                 are
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 ascending
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 descend
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Loire
                 washes
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 Bloise
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 of
                 Orleans
                 .
                 This
                 City
                 is
                 seated
                 in
                 a
                 most
                 delightful
                 Air
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Pleasure
                 of
                 the
                 Walks
                 about
                 it
                 renders
                 much
                 more
                 Charming
                 ,
                 provided
                 the
                 Weather
                 be
                 dry
                 .
                 For
                 otherwise
                 the
                 Soil
                 is
                 so
                 fat
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 least
                 Rain
                 makes
                 the
                 ways
                 almost
                 impassable
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 beautiful
                 Castle
                 belongs
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 built
                 upon
                 a
                 Rock
                 ,
                 which
                 has
                 been
                 the
                 seat
                 of
                 several
                 Kings
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 Pyramid
                 erected
                 upon
                 the
                 Bridge
                 that
                 crosses
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 in
                 Honour
                 of
                 Hen.
                 IV.
                 of
                 France
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 some
                 fair
                 Ruins
                 of
                 Roman
                 Antiquity
                 :
                 
                 and
                 Travellers
                 will
                 find
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Pleasure
                 in
                 viewing
                 the
                 Park
                 that
                 belongs
                 to
                 the
                 Royal
                 Castle
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 some
                 distance
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Castle
                 of
                 Buri
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Court
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 erected
                 a
                 Pillar
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 which
                 stands
                 a
                 Figure
                 of
                 King
                 David
                 in
                 Brass
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 brought
                 from
                 Rome
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lake
                 also
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Dutchy
                 of
                 Vendosme
                 is
                 very
                 remarkable
                 for
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Water
                 abounds
                 in
                 it
                 for
                 seven
                 Years
                 together
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 next
                 seven
                 Years
                 it
                 lyes
                 quite
                 dry
                 .
                 During
                 which
                 time
                 you
                 may
                 perceive
                 Caverns
                 in
                 it
                 that
                 are
                 extreamly
                 deep
                 .
                 The
                 Country
                 people
                 also
                 know
                 by
                 certain
                 Marks
                 of
                 the
                 Height
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 whether
                 the
                 seven
                 Years
                 that
                 the
                 Water
                 is
                 absent
                 will
                 be
                 fruitful
                 or
                 barren
                 .
              
               
                 Amboise
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 ancient
                 City
                 ,
                 where
                 Charles
                 VIII
                 .
                 was
                 Born
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 Prince
                 it
                 was
                 who
                 built
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 greatest
                 Ornament
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Castle
                 Lewis
                 XII
                 .
                 instituted
                 the
                 Order
                 of
                 the
                 Knights
                 of
                 St.
                 Michael
                 ,
                 the
                 First
                 day
                 of
                 August
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1469.
                 
                 This
                 City
                 is
                 also
                 famous
                 for
                 the
                 Conspiracy
                 there
                 discover'd
                 against
                 Francis
                 II.
                 
                   Catherine
                   de
                   Medicis
                
                 ,
                 his
                 Mother
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Court
                 in
                 1560.
                 
                 And
                 History
                 informs
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 most
                 Bloody
                 Butchery
                 of
                 the
                 Conspirators
                 ,
                 among
                 whom
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XX.
                 Of
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 France
                 .
              
               
                 VVHen
                 Forreigners
                 hear
                 talk
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 unless
                 they
                 cast
                 their
                 Eyes
                 upon
                 the
                 Map
                 ,
                 they
                 take
                 it
                 for
                 a
                 Land
                 divided
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 But
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 intercut
                 and
                 intercepted
                 with
                 many
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 however
                 they
                 do
                 not
                 make
                 any
                 Island
                 ;
                 only
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 Name
                 which
                 the
                 Province
                 has
                 deriv'd
                 from
                 little
                 Islands
                 which
                 the
                 Seine
                 surrounds
                 in
                 several
                 places
                 ,
                 and
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 from
                 two
                 within
                 the
                 Circuit
                 of
                 Paris
                 ;
                 which
                 are
                 call'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 
                   Nostre
                   Dame
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 the
                 Palace
                 .
                 This
                 Island
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 Noble
                 Portion
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Illustrious
                 ,
                 most
                 Potent
                 and
                 most
                 Flourishing
                 Kingdom
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 what
                 the
                 Author
                 stretches
                 out
                 in
                 Praise
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 ;
                 but
                 whether
                 
                 it
                 agree
                 so
                 well
                 with
                 the
                 present
                 Condition
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 is
                 left
                 for
                 the
                 Impartial
                 to
                 judge
                 .
              
               
                 Paris
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Capital
                 of
                 this
                 Province
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 it
                 without
                 good
                 Reason
                 that
                 a
                 certain
                 Author
                 calls
                 it
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Queen
                   of
                   the
                   Cities
                   in
                   the
                   World.
                
                 It
                 is
                 so
                 ancient
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Time
                 is
                 not
                 positively
                 known
                 when
                 it
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 built
                 .
                 Some
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Foundations
                 of
                 it
                 were
                 laid
                 before
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Noah
                 .
                 However
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 Authors
                 agree
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 ancient
                 then
                 Rome
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 much
                 larger
                 ;
                 in
                 regard
                 that
                 Rome
                 is
                 not
                 above
                 Twenty
                 three
                 Thousand
                 and
                 fifty
                 Paces
                 in
                 Circuit
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 Paris
                 is
                 Twenty
                 six
                 Thousand
                 eight
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 Paces
                 in
                 Compass
                 ,
                 the
                 Suburbs
                 being
                 therein
                 comprehended
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Year
                 1622.
                 the
                 Bishoprick
                 was
                 Erected
                 into
                 an
                 Archbishoprick
                 ;
                 The
                 present
                 Archbishop
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Learned
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 Illustrious
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 Obliging
                 Prelates
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 
                   Messire
                   Francois
                   de
                   Harlay
                
                 ,
                 Duke
                 and
                 Peer
                 of
                 France
                 ;
                 Commander
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Orders
                 ;
                 formerly
                 Archbishop
                 of
                 Rouen
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 whose
                 Merit
                 
                 is
                 Universally
                 known
                 .
                 He
                 has
                 a
                 Seat
                 in
                 the
                 Parlament
                 of
                 Paris
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 first
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 and
                 which
                 is
                 usually
                 call'd
                 the
                 Parlament
                 of
                 Peers
                 .
                 But
                 besides
                 this
                 Tribunal
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 several
                 others
                 in
                 Paris
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Chamber
                   of
                   Accompts
                
                 or
                 of
                 the
                 Exchequer
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 made
                 Sedentary
                 at
                 Paris
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 that
                 the
                 Parlament
                 was
                 fix'd
                 ;
                 The
                 Grand
                 Chastelet
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Provost
                 of
                 Paris
                 sits
                 as
                 a
                 Judge
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 be
                 call'd
                 the
                 Sessions
                 House
                 of
                 Paris
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 the
                 
                   Conseil
                   du
                   Roy
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 King's
                 Council
                 ,
                 which
                 consists
                 of
                 such
                 Persons
                 as
                 he
                 pleases
                 to
                 make
                 Choice
                 of
                 to
                 Consult
                 about
                 Publick
                 and
                 Important
                 Business
                 ;
                 
                   Conseil
                   de
                   Finances
                
                 ,
                 compos'd
                 of
                 a
                 Superintendant
                 ,
                 Intendants
                 ,
                 Comptrollers
                 ,
                 Registers
                 ,
                 &c.
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Conseil
                   Privè
                   de
                   Parties
                
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 Assembled
                 about
                 particular
                 Causes
                 and
                 Controversies
                 between
                 Party
                 and
                 Party
                 :
                 Besides
                 several
                 other
                 Courts
                 and
                 Chambers
                 which
                 we
                 omit
                 for
                 Brevities
                 sake
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 University
                 of
                 Paris
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 in
                 all
                 
                   France
                   ,
                   Italy
                   ,
                   Spain
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Germany
                 ;
                 where
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Learning
                 and
                 Sciences
                 are
                 taught
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 founded
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 791.
                 by
                 Charlemaign
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 perswasion
                 of
                 the
                 learned
                 
                 Alcuin
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 Professor
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 I
                 am
                 apt
                 to
                 believe
                 ,
                 that
                 to
                 justifie
                 the
                 Opinion
                 of
                 
                   M.
                   Balzac
                
                 ,
                 who
                 calls
                 the
                 University
                 of
                 Paris
                 the
                 Latin
                 Country
                 ,
                 there
                 needs
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 to
                 tell
                 yee
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 consists
                 of
                 Fifty
                 five
                 Colleges
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 always
                 full
                 of
                 an
                 Infinite
                 Number
                 of
                 Scholars
                 ;
                 and
                 every
                 Body
                 knows
                 that
                 the
                 Sorbonne
                 is
                 a
                 Nursery
                 of
                 Learned
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 rigid
                 College
                 in
                 France
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 here
                 propose
                 to
                 my self
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 exact
                 Description
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Beauties
                 of
                 Paris
                 ;
                 for
                 a
                 Volume
                 in
                 Folio
                 would
                 not
                 contain
                 'em
                 all
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 those
                 things
                 that
                 render
                 it
                 most
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 without
                 entring
                 into
                 a
                 particular
                 Enumeration
                 of
                 all
                 Particulars
                 .
                 The
                 chiefest
                 without
                 doubt
                 is
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 the
                 Monarchs
                 of
                 France
                 have
                 all
                 along
                 kept
                 their
                 Courts
                 :
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Palace
                 of
                 the
                 Louvre
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 joyn'd
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Tuilleries
                 ,
                 shall
                 be
                 finish'd
                 ,
                 with
                 that
                 Order
                 and
                 Magnificence
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 begun
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 Noble
                 Building
                 in
                 the
                 Universe
                 .
                 There
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 only
                 Lodging
                 sufficient
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 Court
                 ;
                 but
                 also
                 for
                 the
                 Ministers
                 of
                 State
                 ,
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Crown
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 Forreign
                 Ambassadors
                 that
                 come
                 to
                 reside
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 Church
                 which
                 is
                 dedicated
                 to
                 the
                 Holy
                 Virgin
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 Hundred
                 seventy
                 four
                 Paces
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 Sixty
                 broad
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Paces
                 high
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Old
                 and
                 New
                 Testament
                 engrav'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Stones
                 of
                 the
                 Quire
                 ;
                 and
                 over
                 the
                 Door
                 of
                 the
                 Quire
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 Crucifix
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Image
                 of
                 our
                 Lady
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 two
                 Master-pieces
                 of
                 Workmanship
                 .
                 The
                 Frontispiece
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 is
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 three
                 large
                 Portals
                 ,
                 over
                 which
                 are
                 One
                 and
                 twenty
                 Figures
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 that
                 Reign'd
                 from
                 Childebert
                 ,
                 to
                 Philip
                 the
                 August
                 .
                 Two
                 high
                 square
                 Towers
                 serve
                 it
                 instead
                 of
                 a
                 Steeple
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 esteem'd
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 fairest
                 in
                 France
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 commonly
                 said
                 ,
                 If
                 you
                 would
                 have
                 a
                 perfect
                 Cathedral
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 joyn
                 the
                 Quire
                 of
                 Bauvaise
                 ,
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 Amiens
                 ,
                 the
                 Portal
                 of
                 Reimes
                 ,
                 the
                 Steeple
                 of
                 Chartres
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Towers
                 of
                 Paris
                 .
                 From
                 the
                 bottom
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 these
                 Towers
                 you
                 ascend
                 with
                 Three
                 hundred
                 eighty
                 nine
                 Steps
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Gallery
                 that
                 leads
                 from
                 one
                 Tower
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 To
                 the
                 Church
                 it self
                 belong
                 Seven
                 
                 Doors
                 and
                 Forty
                 five
                 Chappels
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 most
                 of
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 wonder'd
                 at
                 is
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Vast
                 and
                 Magnificent
                 Structure
                 is
                 built
                 upon
                 Piles
                 driven
                 into
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 it
                 stands
                 at
                 the
                 farther
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 the
                 Palace
                 .
                 The
                 Quire
                 ,
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Chappels
                 are
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 lovely
                 Pictures
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 precious
                 Reliques
                 are
                 preserv'd
                 within
                 those
                 sacred
                 Walls
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Holy
                 Chappel
                 of
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 Church
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 Antiquities
                 and
                 Reliques
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 Workmanship
                 of
                 the
                 Building
                 which
                 is
                 supported
                 by
                 Pillars
                 so
                 small
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Man
                 would
                 wonder
                 how
                 they
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 weight
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 famous
                 Reliques
                 that
                 are
                 lockt
                 up
                 within
                 these
                 two
                 Places
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 Thorns
                 with
                 which
                 Christ
                 was
                 Crown'd
                 :
                 The
                 Table-Cloath
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 Supp'd
                 with
                 his
                 Apostles
                 :
                 The
                 Spunge
                 ,
                 and
                 Head
                 of
                 the
                 Spear
                 wherewith
                 his
                 Side
                 was
                 pierc'd
                 ;
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Virgins
                 Milk
                 ,
                 
                 Moses's
                 Rod
                 ,
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 St.
                 John
                 Baptist's
                 Head
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 In
                 short
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 engage
                 my self
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Churches
                 in
                 particular
                 ;
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 tell
                 yee
                 that
                 Paris
                 
                 contains
                 One
                 and
                 fifty
                 Parishes
                 ▪
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 consist
                 of
                 Twenty
                 five
                 ,
                 Thirty
                 and
                 Thirty
                 five
                 thousand
                 Communicants
                 ;
                 Two
                 and
                 fifty
                 Monasteries
                 ,
                 Seventy
                 eight
                 Nunneries
                 ,
                 and
                 Thirty
                 Hospitals
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 we
                 add
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 in
                 Paris
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 and
                 thirty
                 Streets
                 ,
                 Twelve
                 Suburbs
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 St.
                 
                   German
                   des
                   Prez
                
                 alone
                 is
                 larger
                 then
                 many
                 Capital
                 Cities
                 ;
                 Ten
                 Bridges
                 ,
                 Seventy
                 three
                 Piazza's
                 and
                 Market-Places
                 ,
                 though
                 
                   de
                   la
                   Croix
                
                 says
                 but
                 Twenty
                 five
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Palaces
                 or
                 Noble-Men's
                 Houses
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 wonder
                 to
                 us
                 what
                 Charles
                 V.
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 had
                 seen
                 in
                 France
                 a
                 World
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 and
                 a
                 Village
                 :
                 The
                 World
                 was
                 Paris
                 ;
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 Orleans
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Village
                 was
                 Poitiers
                 .
                 It
                 would
                 be
                 no
                 difficult
                 thing
                 to
                 Arm
                 in
                 Paris
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 for
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ;
                 for
                 an
                 Army
                 might
                 be
                 rais'd
                 only
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 that
                 wear
                 Liveries
                 ,
                 from
                 Eighteen
                 to
                 Thirty
                 Years
                 of
                 Age.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Bastille
                 is
                 a
                 Castle
                 built
                 near
                 St.
                 
                 Anthony's
                 Gate
                 for
                 the
                 Security
                 of
                 the
                 Arsenal
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 provided
                 in
                 Europe
                 .
                 This
                 Fortress
                 is
                 flank'd
                 with
                 Four
                 Towers
                 ,
                 surrounded
                 
                 with
                 Moats
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Good
                 Artillery
                 ;
                 and
                 is
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 many
                 times
                 Prisoners
                 of
                 State
                 are
                 secur'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Royal
                 Hospital
                 for
                 the
                 Infirm
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 House
                 which
                 Lewis
                 XIV
                 .
                 caus'd
                 to
                 be
                 built
                 for
                 the
                 Entertainment
                 of
                 Officers
                 and
                 Souldiers
                 who
                 are
                 not
                 in
                 a
                 Condition
                 to
                 bear
                 Arms
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 been
                 Maim'd
                 in
                 the
                 King's
                 Service
                 .
                 And
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 conveniently
                 Lodg'd
                 in
                 this
                 Hospital
                 Four
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 keep
                 as
                 exact
                 Guard
                 within
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 Garrison
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 in
                 regard
                 that
                 Paris
                 lyes
                 in
                 the
                 Heart
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 keeping
                 any
                 Garrison
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 general
                 Concourse
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 frequently
                 happens
                 that
                 Rogues
                 and
                 Night-Robbers
                 wait
                 their
                 Opportunities
                 ,
                 and
                 generally
                 practise
                 their
                 Villanies
                 in
                 Places
                 of
                 great
                 resort
                 ;
                 the
                 City
                 therefore
                 keeps
                 a
                 standing
                 Watch
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 Men
                 ,
                 part
                 Horse
                 and
                 part
                 Foot
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 divided
                 into
                 several
                 Quarters
                 to
                 walk
                 the
                 Rounds
                 and
                 ride
                 the
                 Patroule
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Criminals
                 make
                 it
                 their
                 Business
                 to
                 avoid
                 'em
                 ,
                 the
                 Citizens
                 and
                 
                 others
                 are
                 frequently
                 set
                 upon
                 after
                 the
                 Watch
                 is
                 past
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 help
                 themselves
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 it
                 were
                 an
                 easie
                 thing
                 to
                 secure
                 Paris
                 against
                 the
                 Robberies
                 and
                 Murthers
                 which
                 are
                 too
                 frequently
                 there
                 committed
                 ,
                 with
                 little
                 Charge
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 rashness
                 in
                 me
                 to
                 go
                 about
                 to
                 instruct
                 the
                 most
                 understanding
                 Magistrates
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 already
                 mention'd
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 Paris
                 there
                 are
                 Seventy
                 and
                 three
                 Publick
                 Piazza's
                 or
                 Market-Places
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 speak
                 of
                 those
                 three
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 Modern
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 are
                 also
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Royal
                   Place
                
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 where
                 formerly
                 stood
                 the
                 
                   Palais
                   des
                   Tournelles
                
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 the
                 Parlamental
                 Court
                 for
                 Criminal
                 Causes
                 ,
                 near
                 St.
                 Antonies-Street
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 very
                 regular
                 ,
                 and
                 environ'd
                 with
                 Thirty
                 six
                 Pavillions
                 no
                 less
                 proportionable
                 ,
                 and
                 rail'd
                 quite
                 round
                 with
                 Iron
                 Spikes
                 on
                 all
                 the
                 four
                 sides
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 foreparts
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 round
                 the
                 Piazza
                 are
                 supported
                 with
                 Pillars
                 that
                 make
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 a
                 Gallery
                 or
                 Portico
                 ,
                 under
                 which
                 People
                 may
                 walk
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 shelter'd
                 from
                 the
                 Sun
                 and
                 the
                 Rain
                 .
                 Hen.
                 IV.
                 began
                 it
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 in
                 regard
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 finish'd
                 till
                 in
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Lewis
                 XIII
                 .
                 they
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 Brass
                 Statue
                 of
                 King
                 Lewis
                 ,
                 omitting
                 his
                 Predecessor
                 ,
                 Erected
                 the
                 27th
                 .
                 of
                 
                   Septemb.
                   1639.
                
                 upon
                 a
                 Pedestal
                 of
                 white
                 Marble
                 ,
                 with
                 Inscriptions
                 on
                 the
                 four
                 Sides
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Second
                 is
                 the
                 
                   Place
                   de
                   Victoires
                
                 in
                 the
                 Parish
                 of
                 St.
                 Eustachius
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 the
                 Street
                 
                   des
                   Petits
                   Champs
                
                 ;
                 which
                 some
                 People
                 know
                 better
                 by
                 
                 Mazarin's
                 Quarter
                 .
                 Messire
                 
                   Francois
                   d'Aubusson
                
                 ,
                 Duke
                 
                   de
                   Fueillade
                
                 ,
                 built
                 this
                 Piazza
                 ,
                 as
                 an
                 Eternal
                 Monument
                 of
                 his
                 Fidelity
                 and
                 Zeal
                 for
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 Lewis
                 XIV
                 .
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1686.
                 and
                 in
                 his
                 Memory
                 Erected
                 in
                 the
                 Middle
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 King's
                 Statue
                 of
                 Gilt
                 Brass
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Groupe
                 of
                 this
                 Statue
                 is
                 compos'd
                 of
                 three
                 Figures
                 :
                 The
                 one
                 represents
                 the
                 King
                 standing
                 upright
                 in
                 his
                 Royal
                 Robes
                 :
                 The
                 other
                 Victory
                 ,
                 which
                 stands
                 behind
                 ,
                 having
                 one
                 foot
                 upon
                 a
                 Globe
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 she
                 raises
                 her self
                 ,
                 and
                 puts
                 a
                 Crown
                 upon
                 the
                 King's
                 Head.
                 The
                 Third
                 is
                 a
                 Cerberus
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 tramples
                 under
                 foot
                 ;
                 alluding
                 to
                 the
                 Triple
                 Alliance
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 made
                 a
                 shift
                 to
                 break
                 by
                 the
                 
                 help
                 of
                 a
                 Kind
                 Neighbour
                 .
                 The
                 King's
                 Statue
                 is
                 Thirteen
                 foot
                 high
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 Groupe
                 with
                 a
                 
                 Hercules's
                 Club
                 ,
                 a
                 Lions
                 Skin
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Helmet
                 weighs
                 above
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 weight
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 is
                 very
                 neatly
                 Gilt
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 upon
                 a
                 Pedestal
                 of
                 vein'd
                 Marble
                 ,
                 two
                 and
                 twenty
                 foot
                 high
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 four
                 Bodies
                 of
                 Brass
                 in
                 Chains
                 ,
                 with
                 Inscriptions
                 denoting
                 the
                 Subjection
                 to
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 has
                 reduc'd
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 four
                 Entrances
                 into
                 the
                 Place
                 stands
                 a
                 Brass
                 Lanthorn
                 Gilt
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 Candles
                 put
                 every
                 Night
                 to
                 enlighten
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 Which
                 Lanthorns
                 are
                 sustain'd
                 by
                 three
                 Columns
                 of
                 Marble
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 Base
                 Reliefs
                 of
                 Brass
                 which
                 represent
                 the
                 King's
                 Victories
                 .
              
               
                 Monsieur
                 
                   de
                   la
                   Fueillade
                
                 foreseeing
                 that
                 Time
                 brings
                 all
                 things
                 to
                 ruin
                 ,
                 and
                 defaces
                 the
                 noblest
                 Structures
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 desirous
                 to
                 preserve
                 this
                 Monument
                 entire
                 to
                 perpetuity
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 Deed
                 of
                 Conveyance
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Estate
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 Duke
                 of
                 Fueillade
                 ,
                 &
                 the
                 Male
                 Heirs
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 such
                 Issue
                 to
                 the
                 next
                 of
                 Kin
                 ,
                 that
                 bore
                 the
                 Name
                 and
                 Arms
                 of
                 Aubusson
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 such
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Paris
                 ,
                 upon
                 Condition
                 that
                 whoever
                 inherit
                 shall
                 every
                 
                 Five
                 and
                 twenty
                 Years
                 reguild
                 the
                 Statue
                 ,
                 Lanthorns
                 and
                 Ornaments
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 Costs
                 and
                 Charges
                 ,
                 keep
                 all
                 the
                 several
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Workmanship
                 in
                 repair
                 ,
                 and
                 find
                 Candles
                 for
                 the
                 Lanthorns
                 to
                 enlighten
                 the
                 Piazza
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Third
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 fair
                 and
                 large
                 Piazza
                 very
                 like
                 the
                 Royal
                 Piazza
                 ,
                 only
                 that
                 it
                 has
                 not
                 Arches
                 round
                 about
                 in
                 form
                 of
                 a
                 Portico
                 .
                 It
                 joyns
                 to
                 St.
                 
                 Honor's
                 Street
                 facing
                 the
                 Convents
                 of
                 the
                 Brown
                 Mendicants
                 and
                 the
                 Capuchins
                 ;
                 and
                 runs
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 the
                 New
                 Street
                 of
                 the
                 Little
                 Fields
                 .
                 
                   M.
                   de
                   Louvois
                
                 began
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 since
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 the
                 Buildings
                 have
                 been
                 discontinu'd
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Piazza
                   of
                   the
                   Conquests
                
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 design'd
                 for
                 the
                 setting
                 up
                 the
                 King's
                 Statue
                 on
                 Horseback
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 already
                 finish'd
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Ornaments
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 accompany
                 it
                 ,
                 are
                 to
                 set
                 forth
                 the
                 Glorious
                 Actions
                 of
                 that
                 Monarch
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 since
                 I
                 am
                 speaking
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Places
                 where
                 the
                 Statues
                 of
                 our
                 Kings
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 I
                 must
                 not
                 omit
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 
                   Henry
                   the
                   Great
                
                 erected
                 upon
                 
                   Pont
                   Neuf
                
                 ,
                 just
                 against
                 the
                 Dauphin
                 Piazza
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 of
                 Brass
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 Horse
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Metal
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 upon
                 a
                 Pedestal
                 of
                 Marble
                 and
                 Jasper
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 
                 with
                 Base
                 Reliefs
                 ,
                 and
                 Inscriptions
                 in
                 Letters
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 denoting
                 the
                 Principal
                 Victories
                 of
                 that
                 Great
                 Monarch
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Pont
                   Neuf
                
                 ,
                 standing
                 over
                 the
                 Point
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 was
                 begun
                 in
                 1578.
                 under
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Henry
                 III.
                 but
                 was
                 not
                 finish'd
                 till
                 1604.
                 when
                 Henry
                 IV.
                 was
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 in
                 part
                 appeas'd
                 the
                 Troubles
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 It
                 consists
                 of
                 two
                 Bridges
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Point
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 joyns
                 together
                 ,
                 supported
                 by
                 Twelve
                 Arches
                 .
                 On
                 both
                 sides
                 of
                 this
                 Bridge
                 upon
                 an
                 Elevation
                 of
                 about
                 three
                 foot
                 ,
                 stand
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Brokers
                 Shops
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 not
                 hinder
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 four
                 Coaches
                 may
                 go
                 a-breast
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 also
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 a
                 House
                 that
                 stands
                 upon
                 Piles
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 commonly
                 call'd
                 
                   La
                   Samaritaine
                
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 Figure
                 of
                 the
                 Samaritan
                 Woman
                 which
                 is
                 there
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 that
                 of
                 Christ
                 ,
                 who
                 instructs
                 her
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Water
                 more
                 wholesom
                 then
                 that
                 which
                 she
                 seeks
                 for
                 .
              
               
                 Within
                 these
                 few
                 Years
                 there
                 was
                 another
                 Bridge
                 built
                 much
                 after
                 the
                 fashion
                 of
                 
                   Pont
                   Neuf
                
                 ,
                 over
                 against
                 the
                 Palace
                 of
                 the
                 Tuilleries
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 now
                 
                 call'd
                 
                   Pont
                   Royal
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Royal
                 Bridge
                 ,
                 and
                 stands
                 where
                 the
                 Red
                 Bridge
                 stood
                 before
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 moreover
                 several
                 other
                 Bridges
                 very
                 considerable
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Change
                   Bridge
                
                 ,
                 St.
                 
                 Michael's
                 ,
                 the
                 Bridge
                 of
                 Nostredame
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Pont
                   Marie
                
                 ;
                 which
                 have
                 Houses
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 so
                 high
                 that
                 they
                 cannot
                 be
                 perceiv'd
                 to
                 stand
                 over
                 the
                 Water
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 French
                 Academy
                 is
                 become
                 so
                 famous
                 over
                 Europe
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 Men
                 have
                 a
                 particular
                 Esteem
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 Learned
                 Men
                 who
                 have
                 the
                 Honour
                 to
                 be
                 Members
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 not
                 Confirm'd
                 by
                 the
                 King's
                 Edict
                 till
                 the
                 Year
                 1635.
                 though
                 it
                 were
                 set
                 up
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 Years
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 instituted
                 by
                 Chance
                 .
                 For
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1620.
                 certain
                 Learned
                 Persons
                 that
                 Lodg'd
                 in
                 several
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 meet
                 once
                 a
                 Week
                 at
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 Houses
                 by
                 Turns
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 they
                 might
                 with
                 more
                 ease
                 confer
                 together
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 that
                 which
                 gave
                 a
                 Beginning
                 to
                 this
                 Academy
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 at
                 first
                 under
                 the
                 Protection
                 of
                 Cardinal
                 Richlieu
                 .
                 Now
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 the
                 Academies
                 is
                 fix'd
                 to
                 Forty
                 .
              
               
                 Besides
                 this
                 Academy
                 ,
                 Paris
                 has
                 also
                 Three
                 others
                 ;
                 The
                 
                   Academy
                   Royal
                   of
                   
                   Painting
                
                 ,
                 which
                 owes
                 the
                 Beginning
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 
                   M.
                   de
                   Noyers
                
                 Secretary
                 of
                 State
                 ,
                 and
                 Surveyor
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Buildings
                 in
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Lewis
                 XIII
                 .
                 They
                 met
                 at
                 first
                 in
                 the
                 Palais
                 Royal
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 afterwards
                 remov'd
                 into
                 the
                 Galleries
                 of
                 the
                 Louvre
                 ,
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 it
                 was
                 settl'd
                 by
                 a
                 Decree
                 of
                 Council
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1648.
                 
                 The
                 
                   Academy
                   Royal
                   of
                   Sciences
                
                 ,
                 compos'd
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Learned
                 Physicians
                 ,
                 Philosophers
                 ,
                 and
                 Mathematicians
                 ,
                 settl'd
                 by
                 Mr.
                 Colbert
                 ,
                 Minister
                 of
                 State
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Sollicitation
                 of
                 M.
                 
                   du
                   Clos
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Abbot
                 of
                 Bonzaisi
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 these
                 Learned
                 Men
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 has
                 erected
                 an
                 Observatory
                 in
                 the
                 Suburb
                 of
                 St.
                 James
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 making
                 new
                 Experiences
                 ,
                 and
                 discovery
                 of
                 new
                 Secrets
                 in
                 Physick
                 and
                 Mathematicks
                 .
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 The
                 
                   Royal
                   Academy
                   of
                   Architecture
                
                 ,
                 settl'd
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Mr.
                 Colbert
                 in
                 1671.
                 
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Divertisements
                 of
                 
                   Paris
                   ▪
                
                 no
                 body
                 can
                 be
                 ignorant
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 wanting
                 neither
                 Exquisite
                 Voices
                 for
                 Opera's
                 ,
                 nor
                 good
                 Actors
                 for
                 French
                 and
                 Italian
                 Comedies
                 ;
                 nor
                 any
                 sort
                 of
                 excellent
                 Company
                 ;
                 whether
                 for
                 Conversation
                 ,
                 Play
                 ,
                 or
                 Courtship
                 .
                 And
                 
                 for
                 Places
                 of
                 Meeting
                 and
                 Walking
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 the
                 Tuilleries
                 ,
                 the
                 Queen's
                 Court
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Groves
                 of
                 Boulogne
                 and
                 Vincennes
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 I
                 perceive
                 this
                 Chapter
                 has
                 carried
                 me
                 too
                 far
                 ,
                 which
                 obliges
                 me
                 to
                 omit
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Wonderful
                 Things
                 which
                 Paris
                 encloses
                 ,
                 and
                 only
                 to
                 tell
                 Forreigners
                 ▪
                 That
                 they
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 understand
                 the
                 Beauty
                 and
                 Magnificence
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 have
                 made
                 a
                 considerable
                 stay
                 in
                 the
                 Place
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 most
                 elevated
                 Idea's
                 which
                 I
                 could
                 give
                 'em
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 more
                 Copious
                 Description
                 and
                 better
                 Study'd
                 ,
                 would
                 come
                 short
                 of
                 what
                 they
                 really
                 are
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXI
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Places
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 Paris
                 .
              
               
                 AFter
                 what
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 of
                 the
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 Beauty
                 and
                 Magnificence
                 of
                 Paris
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 hard
                 matter
                 to
                 believe
                 that
                 the
                 parts
                 about
                 it
                 are
                 extreamly
                 well
                 peopled
                 ;
                 There
                 being
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 Boroughs
                 ,
                 Villages
                 or
                 Castles
                 within
                 Ten
                 Leagues
                 round
                 it
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 say
                 something
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 
                 Considerable
                 places
                 ,
                 not
                 much
                 caring
                 for
                 the
                 Criticisms
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 shall
                 censure
                 me
                 for
                 not
                 reporting
                 faithfully
                 all
                 their
                 Beauties
                 .
                 For
                 I
                 declare
                 to
                 'em
                 before
                 hand
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 engage
                 to
                 satisfie
                 'em
                 with
                 a
                 Piece
                 of
                 Perfection
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 short
                 ,
                 if
                 a
                 Man
                 should
                 go
                 about
                 to
                 examine
                 all
                 the
                 Wonders
                 ,
                 Magnificence
                 and
                 Riches
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Seats
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 Paris
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 enough
                 to
                 dazle
                 his
                 Eyes
                 ;
                 nor
                 can
                 any
                 Man
                 Contemplate
                 'em
                 without
                 being
                 ravish'd
                 into
                 Extasie
                 .
              
               
                 Since
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Lewis
                 the
                 Just
                 ,
                 Versailles
                 was
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 an
                 Ordinary
                 Castle
                 ,
                 consisting
                 of
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 Lodgings
                 ,
                 accompani'd
                 with
                 two
                 Wings
                 ,
                 and
                 ending
                 in
                 four
                 Pavillons
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 1661.
                 the
                 King
                 proposing
                 to
                 himself
                 to
                 make
                 some
                 stay
                 there
                 ,
                 enlarg'd
                 this
                 Building
                 with
                 another
                 much
                 more
                 Magnificent
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 in
                 1678
                 ,
                 the
                 Old
                 Castle
                 not
                 appearing
                 worthy
                 the
                 State
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 so
                 Great
                 a
                 Monarch
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 pull'd
                 down
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 room
                 for
                 another
                 more
                 Superb
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 rearing
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 most
                 Famous
                 Masters
                 in
                 Europe
                 for
                 Architecture
                 ,
                 Sculpture
                 and
                 Painting
                 were
                 sent
                 for
                 to
                 display
                 their
                 utmost
                 Skill
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 Magnificence
                 
                 of
                 every
                 Apartment
                 out-does
                 whatever
                 there
                 is
                 of
                 most
                 rare
                 in
                 Forreign
                 Countries
                 :
                 Even
                 the
                 Stables
                 of
                 Versailles
                 are
                 more
                 Magnificent
                 and
                 Nobler
                 then
                 the
                 Palaces
                 of
                 several
                 Princes
                 of
                 Europe
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 City
                 built
                 on
                 two
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 with
                 extraordinary
                 Symmetry
                 .
                 The
                 Castle
                 is
                 of
                 so
                 large
                 Extent
                 ,
                 that
                 not
                 only
                 all
                 the
                 Princes
                 and
                 Princesses
                 of
                 the
                 Blood
                 have
                 Large
                 and
                 Convenient
                 Lodgings
                 within
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 all
                 the
                 Ministers
                 and
                 Secretaries
                 of
                 State
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 other
                 Lords
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Soil
                 about
                 Versailles
                 is
                 naturally
                 dry
                 and
                 unpleasant
                 .
                 But
                 
                   Lewis
                   the
                   Great
                
                 ,
                 has
                 enforc'd
                 Nature
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 so
                 say
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 favourable
                 to
                 that
                 Part
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 for
                 his
                 Residence
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Earth
                 not
                 only
                 produces
                 all
                 the
                 Plants
                 ,
                 the
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 the
                 Flowers
                 that
                 grow
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 fertile
                 places
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 the
                 Aqueducts
                 this
                 place
                 abounds
                 so
                 much
                 in
                 Water
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 would
                 take
                 it
                 rather
                 for
                 a
                 Sea
                 ,
                 when
                 all
                 the
                 Engins
                 play
                 ,
                 then
                 for
                 a
                 Garden
                 of
                 Pleasure
                 .
                 And
                 what
                 is
                 more
                 particular
                 and
                 almost
                 incredible
                 ,
                 those
                 Engins
                 throw
                 the
                 Water
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 in
                 different
                 Figures
                 .
                 
                 You
                 shall
                 perceive
                 Galleries
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 Triumphal
                 Arches
                 ,
                 Pavillions
                 ,
                 Arbors
                 ,
                 Theatres
                 ,
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 The
                 fairest
                 Receptacles
                 for
                 Water
                 ,
                 are
                 those
                 of
                 
                   Ceres
                   ,
                   Flora
                   ,
                   Apollo
                
                 and
                 Bacchus
                 .
                 The
                 Banqueting-Hall
                 ,
                 the
                 Labyrinth
                 ,
                 the
                 Walk
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 are
                 Machines
                 worthy
                 the
                 Curiosity
                 of
                 Strangers
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 this
                 Water
                 is
                 drawn
                 from
                 the
                 Sein
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Pumps
                 ranvers'd
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 to
                 Versailles
                 by
                 the
                 only
                 Engin
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 Europe
                 ;
                 being
                 the
                 Invention
                 of
                 the
                 Sieurs
                 
                   de
                   Ville
                
                 and
                 Ranequin
                 .
                 This
                 Piece
                 of
                 Workmanship
                 which
                 may
                 contend
                 with
                 the
                 Seven
                 Wonders
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 consists
                 of
                 Fourteen
                 Wheels
                 that
                 have
                 Eight
                 and
                 twenty
                 Motions
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 caus'd
                 by
                 Twenty
                 Chains
                 ,
                 and
                 Eight
                 Water
                 Engins
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 they
                 force
                 up
                 the
                 Water
                 into
                 an
                 Aqueduct
                 of
                 Thirty
                 six
                 Arches
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 a
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 and
                 seventy
                 Foot
                 from
                 the
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 Motions
                 work
                 Night
                 and
                 Day
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 18
                 Men
                 ,
                 in
                 three
                 different
                 Divisions
                 to
                 look
                 after
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 All
                 people
                 admire
                 the
                 Effects
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Glory
                 and
                 
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 large
                 extent
                 of
                 the
                 Genius
                 of
                 those
                 Artists
                 who
                 invented
                 this
                 Engin
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 degree
                 of
                 Perfection
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 who
                 will
                 visit
                 the
                 Apartments
                 of
                 Versailles
                 ,
                 the
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 the
                 Park
                 ,
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Strange
                 Creatures
                 are
                 kept
                 ;
                 the
                 Grotto's
                 ,
                 the
                 Labyrinths
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Castle
                 of
                 Trianon
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 real
                 Jewel
                 ,
                 all
                 wrought
                 within
                 and
                 without
                 with
                 Marble
                 of
                 divers
                 colours
                 ,
                 have
                 need
                 of
                 Eight
                 days
                 time
                 ;
                 neither
                 will
                 that
                 suffice
                 to
                 view
                 all
                 these
                 Wonders
                 that
                 surpass
                 Imagination
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Castle
                 of
                 Merli
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 small
                 League
                 from
                 Versailles
                 ,
                 is
                 another
                 Royal
                 Seat
                 ,
                 whither
                 the
                 King
                 goes
                 usually
                 twice
                 a
                 Month
                 ,
                 to
                 spend
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 days
                 ;
                 during
                 which
                 time
                 ,
                 he
                 gives
                 Audience
                 to
                 no
                 body
                 ,
                 unless
                 it
                 be
                 to
                 his
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 sent
                 for
                 to
                 Council
                 ,
                 which
                 his
                 Majesty
                 holds
                 there
                 ,
                 concerning
                 the
                 most
                 Important
                 Affairs
                 of
                 State.
                 
              
               
                 Next
                 to
                 
                   Versailles
                   ,
                   St.
                   German
                
                 on
                 Laie
                 may
                 dispute
                 for
                 Priority
                 before
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Royal
                 Houses
                 .
                 This
                 place
                 is
                 famous
                 for
                 the
                 Birth
                 of
                 Lewis
                 XIV
                 .
                 upon
                 the
                 5th
                 .
                 of
                 
                   Septemb.
                   1638.
                
                 
                 He
                 was
                 baptiz'd
                 
                 in
                 the
                 Old
                 Castle
                 the
                 21st
                 .
                 of
                 
                   April
                   ,
                   1643.
                
                 
              
               
                 Besides
                 the
                 Regularity
                 and
                 Magnificence
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 the
                 Gardens
                 and
                 Grotto's
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Figures
                 of
                 Water
                 .
                 Among
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 Grotto's
                 there
                 is
                 an
                 Orpheus
                 playing
                 upon
                 his
                 Harp
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 his
                 Head
                 and
                 his
                 Body
                 keeping
                 time
                 to
                 his
                 Instrument
                 .
                 He
                 is
                 also
                 attended
                 by
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Beasts
                 that
                 follow
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 enchanted
                 with
                 the
                 Melody
                 of
                 his
                 Harp
                 ;
                 which
                 also
                 draws
                 after
                 him
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 Trees
                 and
                 Plants
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 likewise
                 Paradise
                 ,
                 Hell
                 ,
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Four
                 Elements
                 so
                 livelily
                 represented
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 would
                 think
                 your self
                 in
                 some
                 Enchanted
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 a
                 League
                 from
                 
                   St.
                   Germans
                
                 ,
                 upon
                 one
                 side
                 of
                 Paris
                 ,
                 you
                 meet
                 with
                 the
                 Traytors
                 Wood
                 ,
                 divided
                 into
                 two
                 parts
                 by
                 a
                 spacious
                 High-Way
                 .
                 The
                 Branches
                 which
                 you
                 break
                 off
                 from
                 one
                 side
                 of
                 this
                 Wood
                 sink
                 ;
                 but
                 those
                 which
                 you
                 break
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 swim
                 in
                 the
                 Water
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Wood
                 it
                 was
                 that
                 the
                 Perfidious
                 Ganelon
                 contriv'd
                 his
                 Treason
                 against
                 the
                 Peers
                 
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 great
                 Captains
                 of
                 Charlemagne
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 put
                 in
                 Execution
                 at
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Roncevaux
                 ,
                 so
                 fatal
                 to
                 France
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Passage
                 of
                 the
                 Pyreneans
                 .
              
               
                 St.
                 Clou
                 is
                 another
                 very
                 beautiful
                 Royal
                 Seat
                 ,
                 belonging
                 to
                 Monsieur
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 only
                 Brother
                 .
                 It
                 stands
                 upon
                 a
                 Hill
                 near
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Seine
                 ,
                 almost
                 half
                 way
                 between
                 Paris
                 and
                 Versailles
                 .
                 The
                 Paintings
                 are
                 very
                 Noble
                 ,
                 the
                 Furniture
                 very
                 Rich
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Cabinet
                 of
                 China
                 ;
                 wherein
                 there
                 are
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Curiosities
                 ,
                 and
                 vast
                 Riches
                 ,
                 is
                 worthy
                 the
                 Grandeur
                 and
                 Magnificence
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 whom
                 it
                 belongs
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Castle
                 of
                 
                   Madrit
                   ,
                   Francis
                
                 I.
                 caus'd
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 built
                 in
                 the
                 Wood
                 of
                 Boulogne
                 ,
                 in
                 memory
                 of
                 his
                 being
                 carry'd
                 a
                 Prisoner
                 into
                 Spain
                 ;
                 to
                 let
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 understand
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 held
                 it
                 for
                 no
                 shame
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 made
                 a
                 Prisoner
                 of
                 War
                 at
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ;
                 which
                 had
                 never
                 befall'n
                 him
                 ,
                 had
                 he
                 contented
                 himself
                 to
                 Command
                 in
                 his
                 Cabinet
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Spain
                 do
                 .
                 They
                 who
                 believe
                 this
                 Castle
                 to
                 be
                 built
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 form
                 as
                 that
                 ,
                 where
                 this
                 Monarch
                 was
                 kept
                 in
                 durance
                 ,
                 are
                 much
                 deceiv'd
                 ;
                 
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 little
                 or
                 nothing
                 like
                 it
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 nothing
                 so
                 magnificent
                 now
                 as
                 formerly
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 little
                 care
                 that
                 is
                 tak'n
                 to
                 repair
                 it
                 ,
                 shews
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 has
                 no
                 great
                 Fancy
                 for
                 the
                 Seat
                 ,
                 nor
                 minds
                 whether
                 it
                 go
                 to
                 ruin
                 or
                 no.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Castle
                 of
                 Vincennes
                 is
                 considerable
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 Prisoners
                 of
                 War
                 of
                 great
                 Quality
                 are
                 Confin'd
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 times
                 Prisoners
                 of
                 State
                 ;
                 witness
                 the
                 Princes
                 of
                 Conde
                 and
                 Conti
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Longueville
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Time
                 of
                 Cardinal
                 Mazarin
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 very
                 large
                 ,
                 and
                 flank'd
                 with
                 Eight
                 great
                 Towers
                 .
                 Here
                 are
                 kept
                 the
                 Chains
                 of
                 the
                 Streets
                 of
                 Paris
                 ;
                 which
                 Charles
                 VI.
                 took
                 away
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 chastiz'd
                 that
                 City
                 for
                 her
                 Rebellion
                 .
              
               
                 Fountainbleau
                 ,
                 is
                 another
                 Royal
                 Seat
                 ,
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 the
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Springs
                 in
                 that
                 place
                 .
                 It
                 lyes
                 about
                 Twelve
                 Leagues
                 from
                 Paris
                 :
                 and
                 in
                 regard
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 Country
                 proper
                 for
                 Hunting
                 ,
                 the
                 Court
                 spends
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Autumn
                 in
                 this
                 Place
                 .
                 This
                 Castle
                 is
                 very
                 large
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 said
                 to
                 contain
                 Nine
                 hundred
                 Chambers
                 ,
                 Halls
                 ,
                 Cabinets
                 or
                 Galleries
                 ;
                 where
                 Art
                 has
                 quite
                 exhausted
                 her self
                 to
                 render
                 every
                 thing
                 worthy
                 the
                 Residence
                 of
                 our
                 Monarchs
                 .
                 
                 At
                 Fontainbleau
                 it
                 was
                 where
                 Marshal
                 Biron
                 was
                 disarm'd
                 by
                 the
                 King's
                 Order
                 ;
                 and
                 where
                 Cardinal
                 Perron
                 and
                 the
                 Sieur
                 
                   du
                   Plessis-Mornai
                
                 met
                 in
                 the
                 Presence
                 of
                 
                   Hen.
                   4.
                
                 to
                 Dispute
                 upon
                 Matters
                 of
                 Religion
                 ;
                 which
                 drew
                 thither
                 the
                 most
                 Learned
                 of
                 both
                 Parties
                 :
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 two
                 Disputants
                 could
                 not
                 agree
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 addressing
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Cardinal
                 ,
                 ask'd
                 him
                 ,
                 Whether
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 separated
                 from
                 the
                 Roman
                 Church
                 were
                 damn'd
                 ?
                 His
                 Eminency
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Catholick
                 Doctors
                 ,
                 assur'd
                 him
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 was
                 nothing
                 more
                 certain
                 .
                 After
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 K.
                 demanding
                 from
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Protestant
                 Party
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 Point
                 of
                 their
                 Doctrine
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 Salvation
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 not
                 of
                 their
                 Communion
                 ?
                 They
                 made
                 answer
                 ,
                 'T
                 was
                 none
                 of
                 their
                 Opinion
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 thought
                 the
                 Mercy
                 of
                 God
                 might
                 extend
                 to
                 all
                 Men.
                 
                   That
                   being
                   so
                
                 ,
                 reply'd
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 '
                 
                   t
                   is
                   my
                   Judgment
                   to
                   choose
                   the
                   Certainty
                   before
                   the
                   Vncertainty
                   :
                
                 and
                 so
                 turn'd
                 Roman
                 Catholick
                 .
              
               
                 Chantilli
                 is
                 a
                 fair
                 Seat
                 belonging
                 to
                 Monsieur
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 whither
                 the
                 Court
                 often
                 goes
                 for
                 the
                 Recreation
                 of
                 Hunting
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 an
                 Epitome
                 of
                 Art
                 and
                 Nature
                 .
                 
                 'T
                 is
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 Hen.
                 IV.
                 being
                 to
                 Answer
                 a
                 Letter
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 the
                 K.
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 cramm'd
                 full
                 of
                 Titles
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 which
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 possess'd
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 those
                 they
                 never
                 had
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 of
                 Territories
                 in
                 the
                 New
                 World
                 ,
                 not
                 yet
                 discover'd
                 ;
                 took
                 upon
                 him
                 no
                 other
                 Titles
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 Citizen
                 of
                 Paris
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   Lord
                   of
                
                 Chantilli
                 .
                 And
                 there
                 is
                 much
                 the
                 same
                 Story
                 of
                 Francis
                 I.
                 who
                 writeing
                 to
                 Charles
                 V.
                 fill'd
                 the
                 first
                 Page
                 with
                 only
                 these
                 words
                 repeated
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ;
                 adding
                 only
                 at
                 the
                 lower
                 end
                 ,
                 Lord
                 of
                 Vauvre
                 and
                 Gonesse
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 say
                 nothing
                 of
                 an
                 Infinite
                 Number
                 of
                 other
                 Beautiful
                 Seats
                 and
                 Houses
                 of
                 Pleasure
                 in
                 the
                 Parts
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 Paris
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Ruel
                   ,
                   Meudon
                   ,
                   Conflans
                   ,
                   Seaux
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 which
                 are
                 all
                 fit
                 for
                 the
                 Entertainment
                 of
                 Kings
                 ,
                 whether
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 their
                 Bigness
                 or
                 Magnificence
                 .
                 It
                 remains
                 that
                 I
                 now
                 say
                 something
                 of
                 St.
                 Denis
                 ,
                 the
                 Burying-place
                 of
                 our
                 Monarchs
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 I
                 design
                 a
                 particular
                 Chapter
                 .
                 Only
                 before
                 I
                 conclude
                 this
                 ,
                 I
                 must
                 not
                 omit
                 to
                 tell
                 yee
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 at
                 Alincourt
                 near
                 Paris
                 ,
                 the
                 Tomb
                 
                 of
                 a
                 Mother
                 and
                 her
                 Children
                 that
                 gave
                 Occasion
                 to
                 this
                 Epitaph
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Here
                   lyes
                   the
                   Son
                   ,
                   here
                   lyes
                   the
                   Mother
                   ,
                
                 
                   Here
                   lyes
                   the
                   Daughter
                   with
                   the
                   Father
                   ,
                
                 
                   Here
                   lyes
                   the
                   Sister
                   and
                   the
                   Brother
                   ,
                
                 
                   Here
                   lyes
                   the
                   Husband
                   ,
                   here
                   the
                   Wife
                   ;
                
                 
                   All
                   but
                   Three
                   Body
                   's
                   ,
                   on
                   my
                   Life
                   .
                
              
               
                 To
                 Expound
                 this
                 Riddle
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 know
                 ,
                 That
                 a
                 certain
                 Young
                 Stripling
                 importun'd
                 his
                 Mothers
                 Maid
                 to
                 grant
                 him
                 you
                 may
                 guess
                 what
                 ;
                 who
                 told
                 her
                 Mistress
                 ,
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 the
                 Young
                 Man
                 and
                 a
                 Widow
                 .
                 She
                 order'd
                 the
                 Servant
                 to
                 give
                 him
                 a
                 Meeting
                 in
                 her
                 Chamber
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Mother
                 put
                 her self
                 in
                 place
                 of
                 the
                 Maid
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 had
                 the
                 Company
                 of
                 her
                 Son
                 without
                 discovering
                 who
                 she
                 was
                 ,
                 at
                 Nine
                 Months
                 end
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 Bed
                 of
                 a
                 Daughter
                 ;
                 which
                 she
                 put
                 out
                 till
                 she
                 came
                 to
                 such
                 an
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 sent
                 for
                 her
                 home
                 .
                 The
                 Son
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 had
                 been
                 Travelling
                 for
                 several
                 Years
                 ,
                 but
                 then
                 returning
                 Home
                 and
                 finding
                 the
                 Young
                 Virgin
                 ,
                 which
                 his
                 Mother
                 said
                 was
                 an
                 Orphan
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 pretty
                 ,
                 Marry'd
                 her
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 of
                 his
                 Daughter
                 and
                 his
                 
                 Sister
                 made
                 her
                 his
                 Wife
                 .
                 The
                 Young
                 Couple
                 dy'd
                 before
                 the
                 Mother
                 ,
                 who
                 then
                 discover'd
                 the
                 Secret
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 needs
                 be
                 Interr'd
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Tomb.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXII
                 .
                 Of
                 St.
                 Denis
                 .
              
               
                 ST
                 .
                 Denis
                 is
                 a
                 small
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 Six
                 Miles
                 from
                 Paris
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 formerly
                 call'd
                 Catuliaca
                 ;
                 but
                 was
                 call'd
                 St.
                 Denis
                 ,
                 from
                 St.
                 Denis
                 the
                 Areopagite
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 Beheaded
                 at
                 Montmartre
                 ,
                 carry'd
                 his
                 Head
                 in
                 his
                 Hands
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 Catuliaque
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 about
                 a
                 League
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 .
                 King
                 Dagobert
                 Erected
                 a
                 very
                 stately
                 Church
                 in
                 this
                 place
                 ,
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 in
                 Length
                 ,
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Broad
                 ,
                 and
                 Fourscore
                 Foot
                 High
                 ,
                 supported
                 by
                 Sixty
                 Pillars
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 now
                 a
                 Royal
                 Abby
                 of
                 the
                 Benedictin
                 Order
                 ;
                 wherein
                 are
                 kept
                 all
                 the
                 Ornaments
                 for
                 the
                 Coronation
                 of
                 our
                 Kings
                 ;
                 which
                 do
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 augment
                 the
                 Lustre
                 and
                 Riches
                 of
                 the
                 Treasury
                 of
                 this
                 Abby
                 .
                 The
                 Church
                 is
                 also
                 Famous
                 for
                 being
                 the
                 Burying-Place
                 of
                 our
                 Monarchs
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Royal
                 Family
                 .
                 Here
                 follows
                 a
                 Catalogue
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 and
                 Queens
                 whose
                 Tombs
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 St.
                 Denis
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Dagobert
                   ,
                   who
                   dy'd
                   in
                   the
                   Year
                   638
                
                 
                   Clovis
                   the
                   Second
                   .
                   656
                
                 
                   Clotaire
                   III.
                   664
                
                 
                   Thieri
                   I.
                   690
                
                 
                   Clotaire
                   IV.
                   720
                
                 
                   Childeric
                   III.
                   a
                   Monk.
                   
                
                 
                   Pepin
                   the
                   Short.
                   768
                
                 
                   Charles
                   the
                   Bald.
                   877
                
                 
                   Lewis
                   III.
                   882
                
                 
                   Charlemane
                   884
                
                 
                   Eudes
                   .
                   898
                
                 
                   
                     Hugh
                     Capet
                  
                   .
                   997
                
                 
                   Robert.
                   1033
                
                 
                   Henry
                   I.
                   1060
                
                 
                   Philip
                   I.
                   1131
                
                 
                   Lewis
                   VI.
                   1137
                
                 
                   Philip
                   II.
                   1223
                
                 
                   Lewis
                   VIII
                   .
                   1226
                
                 
                   Lewis
                   IX
                   .
                   Sirnam'd
                   the
                   Saint
                   .
                   1270
                
                 
                   Philip
                   III.
                   1285
                
                 
                   Philip
                   IV.
                   1314
                
                 
                   Lewis
                   X.
                   1316
                
                 
                   John
                   I.
                   1316
                
                 
                   Philip
                   V.
                   1322
                
                 
                   Charles
                   IV.
                   1328
                
                 
                   
                   Philip
                   VI.
                   
                     de
                     Valois
                  
                   .
                   1350
                
                 
                   John
                   II.
                   1364
                
                 
                   Charles
                   V.
                   1380
                
                 
                   Charles
                   VI.
                   1422
                
                 
                   Charles
                   VII
                   .
                   1461
                
                 
                   Charles
                   VIII
                   .
                   1498
                
                 
                   Lewis
                   XII
                   .
                   1515
                
                 
                   Francis
                   I.
                   1547
                
                 
                   Henry
                   II.
                   1559
                
                 
                   Francis
                   II.
                   1560
                
                 
                   Charles
                   IX
                   .
                   1574
                
                 
                   Henry
                   III.
                   1589
                
                 
                   Henry
                   IV.
                   1610
                
                 
                   Lewis
                   XIII
                   .
                   1643
                
              
               
                 
                   A
                   Catalogue
                   of
                   the
                   Queens
                   that
                   lye
                   Buried
                   at
                   St.
                   Denis's
                   .
                
                 
                   Nantild
                   ,
                   the
                   Wife
                   of
                   Dagobert
                   .
                
                 
                   Bertha
                   ,
                   the
                   Wife
                   of
                   Pepin
                   .
                
                 
                   Hermintrude
                   ,
                   the
                   Wife
                   of
                   Charles
                   the
                   Bald.
                   
                
                 
                   Constance
                   ,
                   the
                   Wife
                   of
                   Robert.
                   
                
                 
                   Margaret
                   ,
                   the
                   Wife
                   of
                   St.
                   Lewis
                   .
                
                 
                   Isabel
                   ,
                   the
                   Wife
                   of
                   Philip
                   III.
                   
                
                 
                   Joane
                   of
                   Eureux
                   ,
                   the
                   Wife
                   of
                   Charles
                   IV.
                   
                
                 
                   Joane
                   ,
                   the
                   Wife
                   of
                   Philip
                   VI.
                   
                
                 
                   Joane
                   ,
                   Queen
                   of
                   Navarre
                   .
                
                 
                   Joane
                   ,
                   Wife
                   of
                   Charles
                   VI.
                   
                
                 
                   Marie
                   ,
                   Wife
                   of
                   Charles
                   VII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                   Clandia
                   ,
                   Wife
                   of
                   Francis
                   I.
                   
                
                 
                   Blanch
                   ,
                   Second
                   Wife
                   of
                   Philip
                   VI.
                   
                
                 
                   Ann
                   of
                   Bretaigne
                   ,
                   Wife
                   of
                   Lewis
                   XII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Catherine
                     de
                     Medicis
                  
                   ,
                   Wife
                   of
                   Hen.
                   II.
                   
                
                 
                   Margaret
                   ,
                   Queen
                   of
                   Navarre
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Mary
                     de
                     Medicis
                  
                   ,
                   Wife
                   of
                   Hen.
                   IV.
                   
                
                 
                   Ann
                   of
                   Austria
                   ,
                   Wife
                   of
                   Lewis
                   XIII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Henrietta
                     Maria
                  
                   ,
                   Queen
                   of
                   England
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Mary
                     Teresa
                  
                   of
                   Austria
                   ,
                   Wife
                   of
                   Lewis
                   XIV
                   .
                   And
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     Marie
                     Ann
                     ,
                     Christina
                     ,
                     Victoria
                     ,
                  
                   Dauphiness
                   of
                   France
                   ,
                   who
                   deceas'd
                   in
                   1690.
                   
                
              
               
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 here
                 insert
                 the
                 Tombs
                 of
                 the
                 Children
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 nor
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Princes
                 and
                 Princesses
                 of
                 the
                 Blood
                 ,
                 nor
                 of
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 the
                 Saints
                 that
                 lye
                 in
                 this
                 Church
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 being
                 too
                 tedious
                 ;
                 believing
                 moreover
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Reader
                 will
                 take
                 more
                 delight
                 to
                 peruse
                 the
                 following
                 Inventory
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 remarkable
                 things
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 the
                 Treasury
                 of
                 St.
                 
                 Denis's
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 noise
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 alone
                 draws
                 thither
                 such
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Forreigners
                 .
              
               
                 Before
                 I
                 ascend
                 into
                 the
                 Room
                 wherein
                 this
                 Treasure
                 is
                 lockt
                 up
                 ,
                 
                 there
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 above
                 the
                 Chief
                 Altar
                 ,
                 a
                 Cross
                 of
                 Gold
                 seven
                 foot
                 high
                 ,
                 enrich'd
                 with
                 Pretious
                 Stones
                 and
                 Oriental
                 Pearl
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Table
                 of
                 Gold
                 five
                 foot
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 three
                 foot
                 high
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 our
                 Saviour
                 in
                 Relief
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 six
                 Apostles
                 and
                 four
                 Angels
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 enrich'd
                 with
                 Pretious
                 Stones
                 and
                 Oriental
                 Pearls
                 ,
                 a
                 Sea
                 Agate
                 ,
                 a
                 Topaze
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 admirable
                 Grenates
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 Cross
                 of
                 Gold
                 six
                 foot
                 high
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 Pretious
                 Stones
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     So
                     soon
                     as
                     you
                     come
                     into
                     the
                     Great
                     Room
                     ,
                     entring
                     in
                     upon
                     the
                     Right
                     ,
                     you
                     meet
                     with
                     in
                     the
                     first
                     Cup-board
                     or
                     Press
                     ,
                  
                   
                     A
                     great
                     Cross
                     of
                     massy
                     Gold
                     cover'd
                     with
                     Rubies
                     ,
                     Saphirs
                     ,
                     Emeraulds
                     ,
                     and
                     Oriental
                     Pearls
                     ;
                     and
                     under
                     the
                     Croison
                     ,
                     a
                     piece
                     of
                     Wood
                     ,
                     which
                     as
                     they
                     say
                     ,
                     is
                     a
                     piece
                     of
                     the
                     Real
                     Cross
                     ,
                     about
                     a
                     foot
                     and
                     a
                     half
                     long
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     Shrine
                     of
                     Gold
                     enclosing
                     a
                     Crucifix
                     made
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     Wood
                     ,
                     by
                     the
                     hands
                     of
                     Clement
                     III.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Oratory
                     of
                     
                       Philip
                       the
                       August
                    
                     ,
                     enrich'd
                     with
                     an
                     Infinite
                     Number
                     of
                     Pretious
                     Stones
                     ,
                     which
                     encloses
                     Thirty
                     
                     four
                     sorts
                     of
                     Reliques
                     ;
                     among
                     which
                     are
                     reck'nd
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     Thorns
                     of
                     our
                     Saviour's
                     Crown
                     ▪
                     The
                     Spunge
                     ,
                     with
                     which
                     they
                     gave
                     him
                     Vinegar
                     and
                     Gall
                     ;
                     A
                     piece
                     of
                     his
                     Garment
                     ;
                     A
                     Viol
                     full
                     of
                     the
                     Blood
                     and
                     Water
                     which
                     issu'd
                     from
                     his
                     Side
                     ;
                     and
                     some
                     of
                     the
                     Myrrh
                     which
                     the
                     Magi
                     offer'd
                     .
                  
                   
                     One
                     of
                     the
                     Nails
                     ,
                     with
                     which
                     our
                     Saviour
                     was
                     fasten'd
                     to
                     the
                     Cross
                     .
                  
                   
                     And
                     Image
                     of
                     the
                     Holy
                     Virgin
                     ▪
                     gilt
                     and
                     enamell'd
                     ,
                     which
                     holds
                     in
                     one
                     hand
                     a
                     Shrine
                     containing
                     her
                     own
                     Hair
                     ,
                     and
                     some
                     pieces
                     of
                     her
                     Garments
                     .
                  
                   
                     Another
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     ,
                     holding
                     another
                     Casket
                     ,
                     wherein
                     are
                     preserv'd
                     the
                     Linnen
                     made
                     use
                     of
                     in
                     Burying
                     our
                     Saviour
                     .
                  
                   
                     An
                     Image
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     Metal
                     of
                     St.
                     John
                     the
                     Evangelist
                     ,
                     with
                     one
                     of
                     his
                     Teeth
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     Shrine
                     of
                     Gold
                     ,
                     containing
                     as
                     they
                     assure
                     us
                     ,
                     the
                     Bones
                     of
                     several
                     Saints
                     .
                  
                   
                     An
                     Arm-bone
                     of
                     St.
                     Eustachius
                     .
                  
                   
                     Such
                     another
                     Bone
                     of
                     St.
                     Simeon
                     in
                     a
                     Shrine
                     of
                     Gold
                     enchac'd
                     with
                     Pretious
                     Stone
                     .
                  
                   
                     One
                     of
                     the
                     Pitchers
                     of
                     Cana
                     in
                     Galilee
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     two
                     Crowns
                     made
                     use
                     of
                     at
                     the
                     
                     Coronation
                     of
                     Hen.
                     IV.
                     one
                     of
                     which
                     is
                     of
                     Gold
                     ,
                     the
                     other
                     enamell'd
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Scepter
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Hand
                     of
                     Justice
                     in
                     Silver
                     ,
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     King.
                     
                  
                   
                     This
                     Hand
                     of
                     Justice
                     ,
                     is
                     a
                     hand
                     at
                     the
                     top
                     of
                     a
                     Rod
                     ,
                     held
                     by
                     the
                     King
                     as
                     a
                     Mark
                     of
                     Soveraignty
                     .
                  
                   
                     Two
                     costly
                     Mitres
                     of
                     Abbots
                     ;
                     one
                     of
                     which
                     is
                     adorn'd
                     with
                     an
                     Embellishment
                     of
                     Pretious
                     Stones
                     upon
                     a
                     Ground
                     of
                     Pearls
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     fair
                     Crosier
                     ,
                     once
                     an
                     Abbots
                     ,
                     and
                     a
                     Battoon
                     of
                     Silver
                     gilt
                     ,
                     enrich'd
                     with
                     Pretious
                     Stones
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     In
                     the
                     Second
                     Press
                     or
                     Ambrie
                     .
                  
                   
                     An
                     enamell'd
                     Image
                     of
                     St.
                     Hilary
                     ,
                     enrich'd
                     with
                     Pretious
                     Stones
                     and
                     Pearls
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     great
                     Cross
                     of
                     massy
                     Gold
                     ,
                     enrich'd
                     with
                     Grenates
                     ,
                     Saphirs
                     and
                     Pearls
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     Shrine
                     of
                     Silver
                     gilt
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     Finger
                     Flesh
                     and
                     Bone
                     ,
                     of
                     St.
                     Bartholomew
                     .
                  
                   
                     Another
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     Shoulder
                     Bone
                     ,
                     as
                     they
                     say
                     ,
                     of
                     John
                     the
                     Baptist
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     Cross
                     silver
                     gilt
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     piece
                     of
                     the
                     real
                     Cross
                     .
                  
                   
                     An
                     Image
                     silver
                     gilt
                     of
                     St.
                     Denis
                     of
                     Areopagus
                     .
                  
                   
                     Another
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     of
                     St.
                     Nicholas
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     Another
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     of
                     St.
                     Katherine
                     .
                  
                   
                     An
                     Eye
                     of
                     St.
                     Leger
                     ,
                     Bishop
                     of
                     Autun
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     Shrine
                     silver
                     gilt
                     ,
                     enclosing
                     the
                     Reliques
                     of
                     the
                     Prophet
                     Isaiah
                     .
                  
                   
                     Another
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     Bone
                     of
                     St.
                     Pantaleon
                     .
                  
                   
                     Another
                     of
                     Chrystal
                     ,
                     with
                     the
                     Hair
                     and
                     Garments
                     of
                     St.
                     Margerie
                     .
                  
                   
                     Another
                     of
                     Silver
                     ,
                     containing
                     the
                     Leprosie
                     which
                     Christ
                     took
                     from
                     the
                     Leper
                     mention'd
                     in
                     the
                     Gospel
                     .
                  
                   
                     An
                     Eagle
                     of
                     Gold
                     enrich'd
                     with
                     Pretious
                     Stones
                     ,
                     which
                     serv'd
                     for
                     a
                     Clasp
                     for
                     K.
                     
                     Dagobert's
                     Cloak
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                     Dagobert's
                     Scepter
                     of
                     Gold
                     enamell'd
                     .
                  
                   
                     An
                     Oriental
                     Jacinth
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     two
                     Crowns
                     of
                     Lewis
                     XIII
                     .
                     the
                     one
                     of
                     Gold
                     ,
                     the
                     other
                     enamell'd
                     .
                  
                   
                     An
                     enamell'd
                     Crown
                     made
                     use
                     of
                     at
                     the
                     Funeral
                     Pomp
                     of
                     Ann
                     of
                     Austria
                     .
                  
                   
                     An
                     Image
                     of
                     our
                     Lady
                     in
                     Ivory
                     ,
                     enrich'd
                     with
                     Pretious
                     Stones
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     Missal
                     in
                     Manuscript
                     ,
                     the
                     Cover
                     of
                     which
                     is
                     enrich'd
                     with
                     Plates
                     of
                     Gold.
                     
                  
                   
                     A
                     Manuscript
                     of
                     the
                     Four
                     Evangelists
                     ,
                     written
                     above
                     Eleven
                     hundred
                     Years
                     ago
                     ,
                     in
                     Letters
                     of
                     Gold
                     and
                     Silver
                     ,
                     upon
                     Purple
                     Vellum
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                   
                     In
                     the
                     Third
                     Ambrie
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Head
                     of
                     St.
                     Denis
                     enrich'd
                     with
                     Pretious
                     Stones
                     :
                     His
                     Cross
                     of
                     Wood
                     all
                     cover'd
                     with
                     Gold
                     and
                     Precious
                     Stones
                     ,
                     as
                     also
                     his
                     Travelling
                     Stick
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     right
                     Hand
                     ,
                     Flesh
                     and
                     Bone
                     ,
                     of
                     the
                     Apostle
                     St.
                     Thomas
                     ,
                     in
                     a
                     Shrine
                     of
                     Gold
                     ,
                     enrich'd
                     with
                     Pearls
                     ,
                     Rubies
                     ,
                     and
                     great
                     Pearls
                     .
                  
                   
                     An
                     enamell'd
                     Shrine
                     ,
                     where
                     through
                     a
                     Christal
                     you
                     see
                     the
                     Lower
                     Chap
                     of
                     St.
                     Lewis
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Crown
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     St.
                     Lewis
                     ,
                     of
                     massy
                     Gold
                     ,
                     beset
                     with
                     Pretious
                     Stones
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     Seal
                     of
                     Gold
                     with
                     a
                     Saphir
                     Stone
                     ,
                     wherein
                     his
                     Image
                     is
                     engrav'd
                     with
                     these
                     Letters
                     ,
                     
                       S.
                       L.
                    
                     
                  
                   
                     A
                     Sword
                     which
                     he
                     brought
                     in
                     his
                     first
                     Expedition
                     from
                     the
                     
                       Holy
                       Land.
                    
                     
                  
                   
                     A
                     wooden
                     Cup
                     of
                     Tamarisk
                     wherein
                     he
                     drank
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     Shrine
                     which
                     he
                     carried
                     along
                     with
                     him
                     in
                     his
                     Expeditions
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     Bone
                     of
                     St.
                     Denis
                     .
                  
                   
                     His
                     Hand
                     of
                     Justice
                     ,
                     of
                     Silver
                     gilt
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Clasp
                     of
                     his
                     Cloak
                     of
                     the
                     same
                     ,
                     beset
                     with
                     Pretious
                     Stones
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     A
                     Chalice
                     of
                     Oriental
                     Agate
                     ,
                     with
                     a
                     great
                     number
                     of
                     Pretious
                     Stones
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Effigies
                     of
                     the
                     Queen
                     of
                     Sheba
                     upon
                     a
                     Brouch
                     of
                     Agate
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     Gondola
                     of
                     Agate
                     and
                     Onyx
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     two
                     Crowns
                     of
                     Lewis
                     XIV
                     .
                     the
                     one
                     of
                     Gold
                     ,
                     the
                     other
                     enamell'd
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     In
                     the
                     Fourth
                     Ambrie
                     .
                  
                   
                     A
                     great
                     Image
                     ,
                     Silver
                     gilt
                     of
                     St.
                     Benedict
                     ,
                     extreamly
                     Rich.
                     
                  
                   
                     A
                     great
                     Cross
                     of
                     massy
                     Gold
                     ,
                     cover'd
                     with
                     Pearl
                     ,
                     and
                     enrich'd
                     with
                     large
                     Saphirs
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Oratory
                     of
                     Charlemain
                     ,
                     all
                     of
                     Gold
                     ,
                     where
                     the
                     multitudes
                     of
                     Saphirs
                     ,
                     Emraulds
                     ,
                     Agates
                     ,
                     and
                     Oriental
                     Pearls
                     that
                     glitter
                     in
                     it
                     ,
                     vastly
                     enhaunce
                     the
                     Price
                     of
                     it
                     .
                     This
                     Oratory
                     preserves
                     an
                     Arm
                     of
                     St.
                     George
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Crown
                     of
                     Charlemain
                     ,
                     all
                     of
                     Gold
                     ,
                     and
                     embellish'd
                     like
                     the
                     Oratory
                     .
                     This
                     Crown
                     is
                     carry'd
                     to
                     Reims
                     ,
                     at
                     the
                     Coronation
                     of
                     our
                     Kings
                     ;
                     with
                     the
                     Scepter
                     ,
                     the
                     Hand
                     of
                     Justice
                     ,
                     the
                     Spurs
                     ,
                     the
                     Clasp
                     for
                     the
                     Mantle
                     ▪
                     the
                     Book
                     of
                     Ceremonies
                     ,
                     and
                     Prayers
                     for
                     the
                     Coronation
                     .
                     All
                     the
                     Ornaments
                     are
                     of
                     that
                     Richness
                     as
                     befits
                     the
                     Use
                     which
                     is
                     made
                     of
                     '
                     em
                     .
                  
                   
                   
                     The
                     Crown
                     of
                     Gold
                     that
                     Joane
                     of
                     Eureux
                     were
                     ,
                     enrich'd
                     with
                     Rubies
                     ,
                     Saphirs
                     and
                     Pearl
                     ,
                     serves
                     for
                     the
                     Coronation
                     of
                     the
                     Queens
                     that
                     is
                     Perform'd
                     at
                     St.
                     Denis
                     .
                  
                   
                     Several
                     Vessels
                     of
                     Gold
                     ,
                     Chrystal
                     ,
                     and
                     other
                     Materials
                     very
                     Rich.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Portraiture
                     of
                     Nero
                     upon
                     an
                     Agate
                     ;
                     which
                     is
                     look'd
                     upon
                     as
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     Noblest
                     Pieces
                     of
                     Curiosity
                     in
                     the
                     Treasury
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     In
                     other
                     Cupboards
                     in
                     General
                     .
                  
                   
                     There
                     are
                     moreover
                     Four
                     other
                     Ambries
                     ,
                     which
                     do
                     not
                     contain
                     such
                     vast
                     Wealth
                     ,
                     but
                     only
                     Reliques
                     or
                     Antiquities
                     ;
                     of
                     which
                     these
                     are
                     the
                     most
                     considerable
                     .
                  
                   
                     An
                     enamell'd
                     Shrine
                     ,
                     embellish'd
                     with
                     Pretious
                     Stones
                     ,
                     wherein
                     lyes
                     the
                     Body
                     of
                     St.
                     Lewis
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                     Judas's
                     Lanthorn
                     ;
                     the
                     Sword
                     of
                     the
                     Maid
                     of
                     
                     Orlean's
                     ;
                     a
                     Unicorn's
                     Horn
                     ,
                     seven
                     foot
                     long
                     ;
                     and
                     a
                     Stool
                     of
                     Copper
                     ,
                     which
                     ,
                     as
                     they
                     say
                     ,
                     was
                     
                     Dagobert's
                     Throne
                     .
                  
                   
                     Beside
                     all
                     these
                     things
                     of
                     which
                     I
                     have
                     given
                     you
                     a
                     Catalogue
                     ,
                     there
                     are
                     several
                     other
                     things
                     very
                     remarkable
                     ,
                     
                     which
                     I
                     insert
                     not
                     here
                     ,
                     for
                     fear
                     of
                     being
                     Tedious
                     ;
                     and
                     therefore
                     to
                     conclude
                     this
                     Chapter
                     ,
                     I
                     shall
                     only
                     inform
                     the
                     Reader
                     ,
                     that
                     the
                     Monks
                     who
                     shew
                     the
                     Treasury
                     ,
                     very
                     distinctly
                     give
                     an
                     accompt
                     of
                     every
                     thing
                     ,
                     and
                     tell
                     you
                     the
                     time
                     and
                     the
                     occasion
                     that
                     all
                     these
                     Curiosities
                     were
                     brought
                     to
                     this
                     Place
                     .
                  
                
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXIII
                 .
                 Of
                 Normandy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Maine
                 .
              
               
                 NOrmandy
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 fair
                 large
                 Province
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 a
                 Dukedom
                 ,
                 bounded
                 Eastward
                 by
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 France
                 and
                 Picardy
                 ;
                 by
                 the
                 Ocean
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 ;
                 by
                 Bretagne
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 ,
                 and
                 Beausse
                 and
                 
                   le
                   Maine
                
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 .
                 The
                 length
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 Seventy
                 two
                 Leagues
                 
                   (
                   de
                   la
                   Croix
                
                 says
                 73.
                 from
                 Aumale
                 to
                 the
                 Coast
                 of
                 Courantin
                 )
                 and
                 Thirty
                 in
                 breadth
                 (
                 37.
                 says
                 
                   de
                   la
                   Croix
                
                 from
                 Alenson
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 
                   Eu
                   )
                
                 .
                 The
                 Name
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 absolutely
                 German
                 ;
                 for
                 Noort-Man
                 ,
                 signifies
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 the
                 North
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Name
                 it
                 bears
                 was
                 given
                 it
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 the
                 North
                 ,
                 that
                 Pipirated
                 
                 upon
                 the
                 Seas
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 settl'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 Normandy
                 ,
                 and
                 ravag'd
                 the
                 Country
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Walls
                 of
                 
                   Paris
                   .
                   William
                
                 the
                 Norman
                 laid
                 Claim
                 to
                 England
                 ,
                 and
                 Invading
                 it
                 under
                 Pretence
                 of
                 Title
                 ,
                 his
                 Successors
                 Kings
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 became
                 Masters
                 of
                 Normandy
                 .
                 But
                 
                   Philip
                   the
                   August
                
                 united
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 &
                 Charles
                 the
                 Seventh
                 expell'd
                 the
                 English
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Province
                 being
                 the
                 most
                 Northern
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 is
                 also
                 the
                 Goldest
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 divided
                 into
                 Upper
                 and
                 Lower
                 .
                 It
                 abounds
                 in
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 especially
                 Pears
                 and
                 Apples
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 make
                 Cider
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 serves
                 'em
                 instead
                 of
                 Wine
                 ;
                 for
                 Wine
                 they
                 have
                 none
                 but
                 what
                 they
                 fetch
                 from
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Provinces
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 Corn
                 ,
                 it
                 produces
                 more
                 then
                 suffices
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 The
                 Dyers
                 also
                 have
                 their
                 Madder
                 and
                 Woad
                 from
                 thence
                 .
                 The
                 Humour
                 of
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 does
                 'em
                 no
                 great
                 Credit
                 :
                 They
                 are
                 look'd
                 upon
                 to
                 have
                 more
                 defects
                 then
                 Perfections
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Normans
                 are
                 accus'd
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 cholerick
                 ,
                 litigious
                 upon
                 every
                 Trifle
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 too
                 great
                 Slaves
                 to
                 their
                 words
                 ,
                 when
                 their
                 Interest
                 is
                 concern'd
                 .
                 
                 So
                 then
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 deal
                 with
                 a
                 Norman
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 Question
                 is
                 ,
                 whether
                 he
                 will
                 insist
                 upon
                 the
                 Privileges
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 whether
                 he
                 will
                 go
                 from
                 his
                 word
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Bargain
                 is
                 concluded
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 when
                 a
                 Man
                 has
                 fail'd
                 of
                 his
                 word
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 common
                 thing
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   He
                   is
                   a
                   Norman
                
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Gentry
                 and
                 Persons
                 well
                 educated
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 a
                 share
                 of
                 Honour
                 ,
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 excepted
                 out
                 of
                 this
                 Number
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 as
                 great
                 an
                 Antipathy
                 against
                 the
                 Bretons
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Bretons
                 have
                 against
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Rouen
                 is
                 the
                 Principal
                 City
                 of
                 Normandy
                 ,
                 dignify'd
                 with
                 an
                 Archbishop's
                 See
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 a
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 a
                 Chamber
                 of
                 Accompts
                 ,
                 an
                 Audit
                 of
                 the
                 Treasurers
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 a
                 Chamber
                 of
                 Money
                 and
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court.
                 The
                 Parliament
                 had
                 that
                 Name
                 given
                 it
                 first
                 of
                 all
                 by
                 Francis
                 I.
                 in
                 1515.
                 whereas
                 before
                 it
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 Court
                 of
                 Exchequer
                 ,
                 founded
                 by
                 
                   Philip
                   the
                   Fair
                
                 in
                 1286.
                 
                 This
                 City
                 is
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Seine
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 side
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 a
                 Valley
                 environ'd
                 with
                 Hills
                 thick
                 spread
                 with
                 Wood.
                 From
                 the
                 East
                 come
                 little
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 which
                 run
                 through
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 keep
                 the
                 Streets
                 
                 clean
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 turn'd
                 several
                 Mills
                 ,
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 Seine
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 nearness
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 makes
                 it
                 a
                 Town
                 of
                 great
                 Trade
                 when
                 Commerce
                 is
                 open
                 .
                 Among
                 those
                 things
                 which
                 it
                 has
                 most
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 to
                 admire
                 the
                 Bridge
                 of
                 Boats
                 over
                 the
                 Seine
                 ,
                 Two
                 hundred
                 and
                 seventy
                 Paces
                 in
                 length
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 all
                 Pav'd
                 ,
                 and
                 appear
                 as
                 firm
                 as
                 a
                 Bridge
                 of
                 Stone
                 ;
                 yet
                 it
                 rises
                 and
                 sinks
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Ebbing
                 and
                 Flowing
                 of
                 the
                 Sea.
                 This
                 Bridge
                 was
                 made
                 to
                 supply
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 another
                 Stone
                 Bridge
                 of
                 15
                 Arches
                 that
                 was
                 ruin'd
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 accompted
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Fairest
                 Bridges
                 in
                 France
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Castle
                 is
                 fortified
                 with
                 Eleven
                 great
                 Towers
                 ,
                 which
                 all
                 Vessels
                 outward
                 or
                 inward
                 bound
                 ,
                 are
                 engag'd
                 to
                 salute
                 with
                 Three
                 Guns
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 .
                 The
                 Fortifications
                 are
                 Regular
                 and
                 of
                 good
                 defence
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 is
                 consecrated
                 to
                 the
                 Holy
                 Virgin
                 ;
                 wherein
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 several
                 Mausoleum's
                 of
                 the
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Normandy
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Treasury
                 in
                 the
                 Vestry
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 much
                 more
                 considerable
                 before
                 the
                 Huguenots
                 plunder's
                 it
                 during
                 the
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 of
                 the
                 last
                 Age.
                 There
                 are
                 three
                 Towers
                 that
                 serve
                 instead
                 
                 of
                 a
                 Steeple
                 ;
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 so
                 high
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 must
                 ascend
                 Five
                 hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 Steps
                 ,
                 before
                 you
                 come
                 at
                 the
                 great
                 Bell
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 
                   George
                   d'
                   Amboise
                
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 it
                 was
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 Order
                 of
                 the
                 Cardinal
                 
                   d'
                   Amboise
                
                 .
                 Over
                 the
                 Portal
                 of
                 this
                 Cathedral
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 Triumphal
                 Arch
                 ,
                 where
                 Henry
                 IV.
                 is
                 represented
                 chasing
                 the
                 Lions
                 and
                 the
                 Wolves
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Sheep-Fold
                 ;
                 the
                 League
                 enchain'd
                 and
                 gnawing
                 her
                 Chains
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 beholding
                 all
                 these
                 Trophies
                 with
                 a
                 Pensive
                 and
                 Melancholy
                 look
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 very
                 fair
                 Structures
                 at
                 Rouen
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 Sacred
                 as
                 Prophane
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 marks
                 of
                 her
                 Antiquity
                 ,
                 and
                 Strangers
                 always
                 go
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 the
                 English
                 burnt
                 the
                 Maid
                 of
                 Orleance
                 .
              
               
                 Normandy
                 is
                 blest
                 with
                 several
                 other
                 good
                 Ports
                 ;
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 St.
                 Valeri
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 Commodious
                 Haven
                 .
                 But
                 Diepe
                 is
                 much
                 the
                 Stronger
                 .
                 This
                 City
                 is
                 seated
                 at
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 from
                 whence
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 Arques
                 takes
                 its
                 rise
                 ;
                 which
                 separates
                 the
                 Suburbs
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Castle
                 of
                 Pollet
                 Commands
                 the
                 Haven
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Cittadel
                 defends
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 .
                 
                 The
                 Streets
                 are
                 large
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 several
                 Churches
                 and
                 Market-Places
                 .
                 The
                 Haven
                 brings
                 it
                 a
                 good
                 Trade
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Seamen
                 have
                 gain'd
                 a
                 Reputation
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Best
                 Sea-Compasses
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 Exact
                 Quadrants
                 ,
                 are
                 there
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 .
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 also
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 wrought
                 in
                 Ivory
                 and
                 Tortoise-Shell
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 also
                 Excellent
                 and
                 very
                 quick
                 at
                 the
                 Riming
                 Exercises
                 ,
                 call'd
                 
                   Jeux
                   Floraux
                
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 best
                 doer
                 is
                 rewarded
                 with
                 an
                 Eglantine
                 ,
                 the
                 Second
                 with
                 a
                 Marigold
                 in
                 Silver
                 ;
                 which
                 Sports
                 are
                 usual
                 in
                 this
                 Town
                 at
                 Christmas
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Festival
                 of
                 the
                 Assumption
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Havre
                   de
                   Grace
                
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 considerable
                 Sea
                 Town
                 ,
                 situated
                 at
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Seine
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 lookt
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Havens
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 upon
                 St.
                 
                 George's
                 
                   Channel
                   .
                   Francis
                
                 I.
                 began
                 to
                 fortifie
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Huguenots
                 having
                 seiz'd
                 it
                 ,
                 deliver'd
                 it
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 English
                 in
                 1562.
                 from
                 whom
                 Charles
                 IX
                 .
                 retook
                 it
                 ;
                 Lewis
                 XIII
                 .
                 added
                 a
                 Cittadel
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 flank'd
                 with
                 four
                 Bastions
                 :
                 But
                 Lewis
                 XIV
                 .
                 compleated
                 the
                 Work
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 made
                 it
                 impregnable
                 by
                 regular
                 Fortifications
                 .
                 In
                 times
                 of
                 Peace
                 with
                 England
                 and
                 Holland
                 ,
                 it
                 drives
                 a
                 great
                 Trade
                 .
              
               
               
                 Evreux
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 ancient
                 City
                 ,
                 dignify'd
                 with
                 a
                 Bishop's
                 See
                 ,
                 a
                 Bailliage
                 and
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 ,
                 and
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 a
                 good
                 number
                 of
                 Churches
                 and
                 Religious
                 Houses
                 ;
                 among
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Abbies
                 of
                 St.
                 Thurin
                 ,
                 and
                 St.
                 Saviour
                 are
                 very
                 remarkable
                 .
                 Several
                 Princes
                 of
                 the
                 Blood
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 great
                 Lords
                 ,
                 have
                 been
                 Counts
                 of
                 Evreux
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 Walter
                 and
                 
                   Robert
                   d'
                   Evreux
                
                 Earls
                 of
                 Essex
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 came
                 originally
                 from
                 this
                 place
                 .
              
               
                 Caen
                 ,
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 River
                 Orne
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 famous
                 for
                 the
                 Antiquity
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 Privileges
                 and
                 Variety
                 of
                 Tribunals
                 that
                 it
                 enjoys
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 is
                 dignify'd
                 with
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 ,
                 a
                 Bailliage
                 ,
                 an
                 Election
                 ,
                 a
                 Generality
                 ,
                 an
                 Audit
                 of
                 the
                 Finances
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 University
                 for
                 the
                 Civil
                 and
                 Canon
                 Law
                 there
                 founded
                 in
                 1411.
                 by
                 Hen.
                 VI.
                 King
                 of
                 England
                 .
                 It
                 has
                 had
                 the
                 same
                 Fate
                 with
                 other
                 Cities
                 of
                 Normandy
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 suffer'd
                 very
                 much
                 during
                 the
                 Troubles
                 that
                 shook
                 the
                 French
                 Monarchy
                 in
                 the
                 16th
                 Age.
                 However
                 the
                 Town-House
                 built
                 upon
                 St.
                 
                 Peter's
                 Bridge
                 is
                 a
                 noble
                 Structure
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 four
                 large
                 Towers
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 boast
                 of
                 their
                 Fidelity
                 to
                 their
                 Prince
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 
                 they
                 are
                 permitted
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 Three
                 Flower-de-Luces
                 in
                 their
                 Arms.
                 William
                 the
                 Norman
                 King
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 lyes
                 Buried
                 in
                 St.
                 
                 Stephen's
                 Abby
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Foundations
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Mount
                   St.
                   Michael
                
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 Town
                 built
                 at
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 a
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 which
                 stands
                 a
                 Church
                 and
                 an
                 Abby
                 consecrated
                 to
                 St.
                 Michael
                 the
                 Arch-Angel
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Story
                 goes
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 708.
                 
                 St.
                 Michael
                 appear'd
                 to
                 Aubert
                 Bishop
                 of
                 Avranches
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 him
                 ,
                 'T
                 was
                 the
                 Will
                 of
                 God
                 that
                 a
                 Church
                 should
                 be
                 built
                 upon
                 the
                 Hill
                 ,
                 and
                 dedicated
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 particular
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 same
                 Mount
                 stands
                 also
                 a
                 very
                 fair
                 Castle
                 .
                 The
                 flowing
                 in
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 makes
                 a
                 perfect
                 Island
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 covering
                 for
                 near
                 a
                 League
                 together
                 all
                 the
                 Land
                 between
                 the
                 Mount
                 and
                 the
                 firm
                 Land
                 ;
                 which
                 the
                 Ebb
                 soon
                 after
                 leaves
                 dry
                 agen
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 they
                 who
                 Travel
                 thither
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 very
                 exact
                 in
                 observing
                 the
                 Time
                 of
                 the
                 Motion
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 surpriz'd
                 in
                 that
                 sandy
                 Plain
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 run
                 the
                 risque
                 of
                 being
                 Drown'd
                 ;
                 which
                 many
                 times
                 falls
                 out
                 .
                 This
                 place
                 is
                 famous
                 for
                 the
                 resort
                 of
                 Pilgrims
                 to
                 St.
                 Michael
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 
                 Sand
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 make
                 Salt
                 ,
                 by
                 straining
                 the
                 Sea-water
                 through
                 it
                 .
                 In
                 966
                 ,
                 Richard
                 I
                 founded
                 the
                 Abby
                 of
                 the
                 Benedictins
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Son
                 Richard
                 II.
                 finish'd
                 the
                 Church
                 .
              
               
                 Maine
                 is
                 a
                 Province
                 dignify'd
                 with
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 a
                 Dutchy
                 ,
                 border'd
                 by
                 Normandy
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 ;
                 by
                 
                   Perche
                   ,
                   Vendomois
                
                 and
                 
                   La
                   Beausse
                
                 to
                 the
                 East
                 ;
                 Bretagne
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 Tourain
                 and
                 Anjou
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 .
                 This
                 Province
                 is
                 fruitful
                 in
                 Wine
                 ,
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Fruit
                 and
                 Cattle
                 ;
                 and
                 has
                 some
                 Iron
                 Mines
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 defects
                 are
                 attributed
                 to
                 the
                 Manceaux
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Normans
                 :
                 and
                 as
                 to
                 their
                 exactness
                 in
                 keeping
                 their
                 words
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 become
                 a
                 Proverb
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   a
                
                 Manceau
                 
                   is
                   worth
                   a
                
                 Norman
                 
                   and
                   a
                   half
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 this
                 Province
                 is
                 Mans
                 ,
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Sarte
                 ,
                 dignify'd
                 with
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 and
                 a
                 Bishop's
                 See.
                 This
                 City
                 is
                 very
                 Ancient
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 thought
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Charlemagne
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 built
                 by
                 Sarthon
                 ,
                 Grandchild
                 to
                 Samothes
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 destroy'd
                 by
                 the
                 Druids
                 and
                 the
                 Sarrhonides
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 repair'd
                 by
                 
                   Le
                   Mant
                
                 ,
                 K.
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Gauls
                 ;
                 who
                 gave
                 it
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 .
                 But
                 however
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 now
                 remaining
                 but
                 only
                 some
                 few
                 Ruins
                 of
                 what
                 formerly
                 render'd
                 it
                 so
                 famous
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXIV
                 .
                 Of
                 Picardy
                 .
              
               
                 PIcardy
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 large
                 Province
                 ,
                 having
                 Champagne
                 to
                 the
                 East
                 ;
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 France
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ;
                 Normandy
                 and
                 part
                 of
                 Mance
                 or
                 the
                 Ocean
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 ;
                 Artois
                 and
                 Flanders
                 to
                 the
                 North.
                 It
                 is
                 fertile
                 in
                 Corn
                 and
                 Fruits
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 said
                 they
                 are
                 generally
                 hot-headed
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 apt
                 to
                 take
                 Snuff
                 upon
                 every
                 Trifle
                 ,
                 Men
                 are
                 willing
                 to
                 avoid
                 their
                 Company
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 running
                 themselves
                 into
                 Quarrels
                 that
                 are
                 often
                 attended
                 with
                 fatal
                 Consequences
                 .
              
               
                 Amiens
                 upon
                 the
                 Somme
                 dignify'd
                 with
                 a
                 Bishoprick
                 ,
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 ,
                 a
                 Bailliage
                 and
                 a
                 Generality
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 Picardy
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 been
                 taken
                 several
                 times
                 in
                 the
                 preceding
                 Wars
                 :
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 took
                 it
                 
                 with
                 a
                 Bag
                 of
                 Nuts
                 in
                 the
                 Month
                 of
                 
                   March
                   1597.
                
                 as
                 the
                 Learned
                 
                   M.
                   Hardouin
                
                 ,
                 formerly
                 Tutor
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 informs
                 us
                 in
                 his
                 History
                 of
                 
                   Henry
                   the
                   Great
                
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 ,
                 then
                 Masters
                 of
                 Artois
                 ,
                 understanding
                 that
                 Amiens
                 was
                 only
                 guarded
                 by
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 laid
                 a
                 Design
                 to
                 surprize
                 it
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 purpose
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 they
                 laid
                 a
                 Party
                 of
                 Souldiers
                 in
                 Ambuscado
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Gates
                 were
                 open'd
                 ,
                 they
                 order'd
                 other
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Habit
                 of
                 Peasants
                 ,
                 to
                 drive
                 several
                 Carts
                 to
                 Market
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 one
                 being
                 laden
                 with
                 Nuts
                 ,
                 they
                 let
                 a
                 Sack
                 fall
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 by
                 Accident
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Gate
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Nuts
                 tumbling
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Guards
                 being
                 no
                 less
                 busie
                 upon
                 the
                 Scramble
                 ,
                 the
                 suppos'd
                 Peasants
                 stopp'd
                 up
                 the
                 Gate
                 with
                 their
                 Carts
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 that
                 lay
                 in
                 Ambush
                 advanc'd
                 and
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 keep
                 it
                 long
                 ;
                 for
                 Hen.
                 IV.
                 retook
                 it
                 by
                 main
                 force
                 within
                 a
                 few
                 Months
                 after
                 ;
                 and
                 built
                 a
                 Cittadel
                 to
                 secure
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 from
                 the
                 like
                 Mischances
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 now
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 upon
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Gates
                 this
                 Distich
                 .
              
               
               
                 Amiens
                 
                   was
                   taken
                   by
                   Fox-like
                   Craft
                   ,
                   and
                   retaken
                   by
                   Lion-like
                   Force
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 is
                 a
                 Noble
                 Structure
                 ;
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 being
                 lookt
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 beautiful
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 dedicated
                 to
                 the
                 Holy
                 Virgin
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Treasury
                 that
                 belongs
                 to
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 Rich
                 ;
                 where
                 among
                 other
                 things
                 is
                 preserv'd
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 John
                 the
                 Baptist
                 in
                 a
                 Shrine
                 set
                 all
                 with
                 Pretious
                 Stones
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 from
                 Constantinople
                 by
                 one
                 
                   Vallon
                   de
                   Sarton
                
                 ,
                 a
                 Gentleman
                 of
                 Picardy
                 .
                 The
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 the
                 Quire
                 ,
                 the
                 Chappels
                 ,
                 the
                 Tombs
                 ,
                 the
                 Paintings
                 ,
                 the
                 Place
                 for
                 the
                 Singing
                 Men
                 ,
                 the
                 Portal
                 ,
                 over
                 which
                 are
                 two
                 great
                 Towers
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 above
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Statues
                 ,
                 are
                 all
                 admir'd
                 by
                 Travellers
                 .
                 In
                 ancient
                 time
                 ,
                 Caesar
                 made
                 it
                 a
                 Magazine
                 for
                 his
                 Army
                 ;
                 and
                 held
                 an
                 Assembly
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Emperor
                 Antoninus
                 and
                 M
                 ▪
                 Aurelius
                 ,
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 much
                 enlarg'd
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Emperors
                 
                   Constantine
                   ,
                   Constans
                   ,
                   Julian
                   ,
                   Valentinian
                   ,
                   Valens
                   ,
                   Gratian
                
                 and
                 Theodosius
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 Place
                 of
                 their
                 Residence
                 among
                 the
                 Gauls
                 .
                 Queen
                 Isabel
                 of
                 Bavaria
                 ,
                 
                 settl'd
                 a
                 Parlament
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 ;
                 but
                 now
                 the
                 Bishop
                 ,
                 the
                 Vidame
                 and
                 the
                 Bailli
                 are
                 Chief
                 in
                 Authority
                 next
                 the
                 King.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 other
                 Principal
                 Cities
                 of
                 Picardy
                 are
                 
                   Soissons
                   ,
                   Laon
                
                 and
                 Noyen
                 ,
                 all
                 three
                 Episcopal
                 Sees
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 last
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Huguenots
                 have
                 a
                 great
                 Veneration
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 the
                 place
                 of
                 
                 Calvin's
                 Nativity
                 .
              
               
                 Corbie
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 place
                 of
                 strength
                 surpriz'd
                 by
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 in
                 1636.
                 but
                 soon
                 after
                 regain'd
                 by
                 the
                 French.
                 And
                 the
                 Story
                 goes
                 ,
                 That
                 being
                 press'd
                 by
                 the
                 K.
                 of
                 
                 France's
                 Army
                 ,
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 wrote
                 to
                 Prince
                 Thomas
                 ,
                 then
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Army
                 in
                 these
                 words
                 ,
                 
                   Fiat
                   misericordia
                   tua
                   ,
                   Domine
                   ,
                   super
                   nos
                   ,
                   quemadmodum
                   speravimus
                   in
                   te
                   ,
                   Let
                   thy
                   Mercy
                   be
                   shewn
                   us
                   ,
                   Lord
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   ,
                   put
                   our
                   Trust
                   in
                   thee
                   .
                
              
               
                 Senlis
                 is
                 also
                 an
                 Episcopal
                 City
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court.
                 In
                 the
                 Parts
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 stand
                 several
                 stately
                 Houses
                 of
                 Pleasure
                 ;
                 as
                 
                   Vernueil
                   ,
                   Chantilli
                   ,
                   Dreux
                
                 and
                 Anet
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 Palace
                 becoming
                 the
                 Residence
                 of
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 whither
                 the
                 Dauphin
                 often
                 retires
                 for
                 the
                 Pastime
                 of
                 Hunting
                 ▪
                 Among
                 the
                 Wonders
                 of
                 this
                 Castle
                 ,
                 great
                 Observation
                 is
                 
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 of
                 the
                 Clock
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 ready
                 to
                 strike
                 ,
                 you
                 shall
                 see
                 about
                 Fifteen
                 or
                 Eighteen
                 Hounds
                 of
                 Brass
                 come
                 out
                 and
                 open
                 with
                 a
                 full
                 Cry
                 ;
                 after
                 which
                 ,
                 follows
                 a
                 Stag
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Metal
                 ,
                 bigger
                 then
                 the
                 life
                 ,
                 and
                 strikes
                 the
                 Hour
                 with
                 his
                 Foot.
                 
              
               
                 Usually
                 Bourbonnois
                 and
                 the
                 County
                 of
                 Oie
                 is
                 joyn'd
                 to
                 Picardy
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 owns
                 Boulogne
                 for
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 Calais
                 .
              
               
                 Boulogne
                 is
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   Streight
                   of
                   Calais
                
                 ;
                 being
                 a
                 Bishop's
                 See
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 County
                 and
                 a
                 Bailliage
                 .
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 Church
                 is
                 consecrated
                 to
                 our
                 Lady
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 which
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 at
                 their
                 first
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 are
                 by
                 Custom
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 offer
                 a
                 Heart
                 of
                 massy
                 Gold
                 ,
                 weighing
                 2000
                 Crowns
                 .
                 Lewis
                 XI
                 .
                 was
                 so
                 devoted
                 to
                 the
                 Holy
                 Virgin
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 needs
                 have
                 the
                 Count
                 of
                 Artois
                 hold
                 of
                 our
                 Lady
                 of
                 Boulogne
                 and
                 not
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 In
                 1544.
                 the
                 English
                 besieg'd
                 and
                 took
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 was
                 restor'd
                 again
                 to
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Peace
                 concluded
                 in
                 1550.
                 
              
               
                 Calais
                 is
                 a
                 Town
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 Narrowest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Streight
                 between
                 England
                 and
                 France
                 ,
                 built
                 in
                 a
                 Triangular
                 Form
                 ,
                 defended
                 by
                 a
                 good
                 
                 Castle
                 ,
                 having
                 no
                 access
                 to
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 but
                 over
                 a
                 Causey
                 that
                 crosses
                 a
                 great
                 Marsh
                 or
                 Fenn
                 ;
                 and
                 you
                 must
                 have
                 the
                 Permission
                 of
                 the
                 Garrison
                 of
                 Risban
                 to
                 enter
                 the
                 Port.
                 The
                 most
                 remarkable
                 things
                 in
                 this
                 Town
                 are
                 the
                 two
                 Towers
                 ,
                 the
                 Altar
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Church
                 ,
                 the
                 rich
                 Tabernacle
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 stately
                 Domo
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 tak'n
                 by
                 Edward
                 III.
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 and
                 remain'd
                 in
                 Possession
                 of
                 the
                 English
                 210
                 Years
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Queen
                 Mary
                 .
                 History
                 observes
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 French
                 had
                 expell'd
                 the
                 English
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 
                 Guise's
                 Officers
                 cry'd
                 to
                 an
                 English
                 Man
                 in
                 a
                 jeering
                 manner
                 ,
                 
                   When
                   will
                   you
                   come
                   agen
                
                 ?
                 To
                 whom
                 the
                 other
                 reply'd
                 ,
                 
                   When
                   the
                   Measure
                   of
                   your
                   Sins
                   is
                   full
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   we
                   are
                   less
                   Wicked
                   then
                   you
                   .
                
                 Intimating
                 thereby
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 English
                 would
                 never
                 set
                 foot
                 there
                 agen
                 ,
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 French
                 Nation
                 ▪
                 continu'd
                 well
                 united
                 to
                 their
                 Head.
                 
              
               
                 Abbeville
                 ,
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 River
                 Somme
                 ,
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 strongest
                 and
                 most
                 Important
                 Places
                 of
                 France
                 .
                 She
                 has
                 all
                 along
                 preserv'd
                 her
                 Privileges
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Faithful
                 and
                 the
                 Maiden
                 ;
                 because
                 she
                 was
                 never
                 
                 taken
                 .
                 The
                 Somme
                 brings
                 up
                 Barks
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Middle
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXV
                 .
              
               
                 CHampaigne
                 ,
                 dignify'd
                 with
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 an
                 Earldom
                 ,
                 is
                 bounded
                 by
                 Lorrain
                 and
                 part
                 of
                 
                   Franche
                   Conté
                
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 it
                 has
                 Picardy
                 and
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 
                   France
                   ;
                   Burgundy
                
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 and
                 Hainault
                 and
                 Luxemburgh
                 to
                 the
                 North.
                 The
                 Extent
                 of
                 it
                 from
                 North
                 to
                 South
                 is
                 70
                 Leagues
                 (
                 67
                 says
                 
                   de
                   la
                   Croix
                
                 )
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 from
                 Ravieres
                 to
                 Rocroy
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 West
                 to
                 South-East
                 47
                 Leagues
                 .
                 It
                 abounds
                 in
                 Corn
                 and
                 Cattel
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Wine
                 which
                 it
                 produces
                 ,
                 is
                 extreamly
                 desir'd
                 at
                 the
                 Tables
                 of
                 Princes
                 and
                 great
                 Lords
                 .
                 The
                 Champenois
                 are
                 somewhat
                 Opinionated
                 ;
                 nevertheless
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 irreconcileable
                 Enemies
                 of
                 Libertinism
                 and
                 Impiety
                 .
              
               
                 Rheimes
                 ,
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 this
                 fair
                 Province
                 may
                 vaunt
                 it self
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 fairest
                 and
                 most
                 famous
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 For
                 her
                 Archbishop
                 has
                 the
                 Advantage
                 of
                 being
                 the
                 First
                 Duke
                 and
                 Peer
                 of
                 France
                 .
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 is
                 dedicated
                 to
                 our
                 Lady
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 the
                 most
                 noble
                 Front
                 of
                 any
                 Cathedral
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 admir'd
                 for
                 the
                 Architecture
                 ,
                 the
                 Figures
                 and
                 Base
                 Reliefs
                 that
                 render
                 it
                 so
                 Gorgeous
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Church
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 Archbishop
                 of
                 Rheims
                 Crowns
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 France
                 with
                 the
                 Holy
                 Oil
                 ,
                 sent
                 from
                 Heaven
                 to
                 Crown
                 Clovis
                 I.
                 the
                 First
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 .
                 The
                 Antiquity
                 of
                 it
                 appears
                 by
                 the
                 Inscriptions
                 of
                 the
                 Names
                 of
                 the
                 Pagan
                 Deities
                 upon
                 the
                 Gates
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 Caesar's
                 Fort
                 close
                 by
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 also
                 the
                 seat
                 of
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 ,
                 a
                 Bailliage
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 University
                 founded
                 by
                 Charles
                 of
                 Lorrain
                 ,
                 Archbishop
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 the
                 Permission
                 of
                 Hen.
                 II.
                 and
                 the
                 Approbation
                 of
                 Paul
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 Chalon's
                 may
                 pass
                 for
                 the
                 second
                 City
                 of
                 Champaigne
                 for
                 the
                 beauty
                 of
                 the
                 Streets
                 ,
                 Market-Places
                 ,
                 and
                 Buildings
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Antiquity
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Julian
                 the
                 Apostate
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 look'd
                 upon
                 as
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Principal
                 Cities
                 of
                 
                   Belgick
                   Gaul
                
                 .
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 is
                 remarkable
                 for
                 the
                 Tower
                 that
                 adorns
                 it
                 very
                 large
                 and
                 very
                 high
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 a
                 Generality
                 and
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court.
                 
              
               
               
                 Troyes
                 is
                 another
                 very
                 fair
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 Ancient
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Seat
                 and
                 a
                 Bailliage
                 .
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 is
                 consecrated
                 to
                 St.
                 Peter
                 ,
                 wherein
                 are
                 preserv'd
                 many
                 pretious
                 Curiosities
                 .
                 Among
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 they
                 pretend
                 to
                 shew
                 yee
                 some
                 Locks
                 of
                 Christ's
                 Hair
                 ;
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Dishes
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 at
                 the
                 Last
                 Supper
                 ;
                 a
                 Tooth
                 of
                 St.
                 
                 Peter's
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 St.
                 Helena
                 ,
                 which
                 still
                 appears
                 to
                 be
                 fresh
                 .
              
               
                 Charleville
                 has
                 this
                 peculiar
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Mantua
                 be
                 Soveraign
                 Lord
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 yet
                 the
                 Gates
                 ,
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Castle
                 of
                 Mount
                 Olympus
                 belong
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 .
              
               
                 Sens
                 ,
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 Confluence
                 of
                 the
                 Seine
                 and
                 the
                 Yonne
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 an
                 Archbishop
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 City
                 both
                 large
                 ,
                 beautiful
                 and
                 very
                 ancient
                 .
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 of
                 St.
                 Stephens
                 is
                 very
                 remarkable
                 for
                 the
                 Front
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 variety
                 of
                 Figures
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 Stately
                 Towers
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Largeness
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Richness
                 of
                 the
                 Chappels
                 ,
                 the
                 Antiquity
                 of
                 the
                 Tombs
                 ,
                 the
                 Base
                 of
                 the
                 Cheif
                 Altar
                 ;
                 where
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 upon
                 a
                 Table
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 enrich'd
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Pretious
                 Stones
                 ,
                 a
                 Representation
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Four
                 Evangelists
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 ,
                 a
                 St.
                 Steven
                 kneeling
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 City
                 also
                 belongs
                 a
                 Presidial
                 Court
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Bailliage
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 several
                 other
                 Cities
                 in
                 this
                 Province
                 of
                 Champaign
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Langres
                   ,
                   Auxerre
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 of
                 which
                 I
                 omit
                 to
                 say
                 any
                 thing
                 in
                 particular
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 I
                 never
                 propos'd
                 to
                 my self
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 particular
                 Description
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 designing
                 only
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 what
                 is
                 most
                 worthy
                 the
                 Curious
                 View
                 of
                 a
                 Traveller
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXVI
                 .
              
               
                 IN
                 regard
                 our
                 Monarch
                 has
                 United
                 the
                 Dutchy
                 of
                 Lorrain
                 to
                 his
                 Crown
                 ,
                 whether
                 by
                 right
                 of
                 Conquest
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 vertue
                 of
                 a
                 Donation
                 and
                 Resignation
                 which
                 Charles
                 III.
                 made
                 to
                 His
                 Majesty
                 in
                 1662
                 ,
                 I
                 find
                 my self
                 bound
                 to
                 add
                 in
                 this
                 place
                 a
                 short
                 Description
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 bounded
                 by
                 Champaigne
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 ,
                 by
                 Luxemburgh
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Rhine
                 to
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Burgundy
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 .
                 It
                 extends
                 it self
                 Forty
                 Leagues
                 from
                 East
                 to
                 West
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 from
                 South
                 to
                 North.
                 It
                 was
                 the
                 Allotment
                 
                 that
                 fell
                 to
                 Lothair
                 ,
                 who
                 gave
                 it
                 his
                 Name
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Germans
                 still
                 call
                 it
                 Luttheringe
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 have
                 been
                 always
                 accompted
                 Warlike
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 the
                 Lorrainers
                 are
                 look'd
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 good
                 Souldiers
                 .
              
               
                 Nanci
                 ,
                 seated
                 in
                 the
                 Middle
                 of
                 a
                 Plain
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Chamber
                 of
                 Accompts
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Seneschalship
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Chief
                 City
                 of
                 Lorrain
                 ;
                 where
                 formerly
                 the
                 Dukes
                 kept
                 their
                 Courts
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Metz
                 is
                 very
                 Ancient
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 formerly
                 the
                 Capital
                 of
                 the
                 Medromatrices
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 a
                 Bishop
                 ,
                 and
                 Lewis
                 XIII
                 .
                 honour'd
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 Parlament
                 in
                 1633
                 ,
                 which
                 renders
                 it
                 the
                 most
                 Considerable
                 of
                 any
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 Province
                 .
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 is
                 Consecrated
                 to
                 St.
                 Stephen
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 Vessel
                 of
                 Red
                 Porphyrie
                 ,
                 all
                 of
                 one
                 piece
                 ,
                 above
                 Ten
                 foot
                 long
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 Holy
                 Water
                 is
                 put
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Province
                 abounds
                 in
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Cattle
                 ;
                 and
                 is
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Salt-Pits
                 .
                 It
                 affords
                 also
                 Mines
                 of
                 Iron
                 and
                 Lead
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 foot
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Volege
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 find
                 Pearls
                 ,
                 Azure
                 Stones
                 ,
                 and
                 Materials
                 for
                 good
                 Looking-Glasses
                 .
                 Toul
                 &
                 Verdune
                 are
                 also
                 both
                 Bishopricks
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 all
                 I
                 have
                 at
                 present
                 to
                 say
                 
                 of
                 Lorrain
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 Conquer'd
                 Countries
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 a
                 design
                 ,
                 God
                 willing
                 ,
                 to
                 treat
                 of
                 'em
                 in
                 a
                 Particular
                 Volume
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 
                   The
                   Conquests
                   of
                
                 Lewis
                 
                   the
                   Great
                
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 observe
                 ,
                 that
                 under
                 the
                 Conquer'd
                 Countries
                 ,
                 I
                 Comprehend
                 
                   Artois
                   ,
                   Luxemburg
                   ,
                   Hainault
                
                 ,
                 the
                 County
                 of
                 Namur
                 ,
                 and
                 part
                 of
                 Flanders
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Principal
                 Cities
                 are
                 
                   Arras
                   ,
                   Cambrai
                   ,
                   Tournai
                   ,
                   Douai
                   ,
                   Valenciennes
                   ,
                   Lisle
                   ,
                   Dunkirk
                   ,
                   Luxemburgh
                   ,
                   Mons
                
                 and
                 Namur
                 ;
                 all
                 which
                 Impregnanable
                 Places
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 French.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 End
                 of
                 the
                 First
                 Tome
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Books
               Printed
               for
               Henry
               Rhodes
               ,
               next
               Bride
               Lane
               in
               Fleet-street
               .
            
             
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               LEtters
               writ
               by
               a
               Turkish
               Spy
               ,
               who
               lived
               Five
               and
               forty
               years
               undiscovered
               at
               Paris
               :
               Giving
               an
               Impartial
               Account
               to
               the
               Divan
               at
               Constantinople
               ,
               of
               the
               most
               remarkable
               Transactions
               of
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               ,
               and
               discovering
               several
               Intrigues
               ,
               and
               Secrets
               of
               the
               Christian
               Courts
               ,
               especially
               that
               of
               France
               ,
               from
               the
               Year
               1637
               ,
               to
               the
               Year
               1682.
               
               Written
               Originally
               in
               Arabick
               ,
               first
               translated
               into
               Italian
               ,
               afterwards
               into
               French
               ,
               and
               now
               into
               English
               :
               Five
               Volumes
               already
               done
               in
               Twelves
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               THe
               Comical
               History
               of
               the
               States
               and
               Empires
               of
               the
               Worlds
               of
               the
               Moon
               and
               Sun
               ▪
               Written
               in
               French
               by
               
                 Cyrano
                 Bergerac
              
               ,
               newly
               done
               into
               English
               :
               in
               Octavo
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               
                 THesaurus
                 Chirurgiae
              
               :
               The
               Chirurgical
               and
               Anatomical
               Works
               of
               
                 Paul
                 Barbette
              
               ,
               M.
               D
               composed
               according
               to
               the
               Circulation
               of
               the
               Blood
               ;
               with
               a
               Treatise
               of
               the
               Plague
               .
               Illustrated
               with
               Observations
               ,
               done
               into
               English
               ;
               the
               Fourth
               〈◊〉
               To
               which
               is
               added
               .
               
                 The
                 Chirurgion's
                 Chest
              
               ,
               with
               Instruments
               ,
               and
               Medicines
               .
               Illustrated
               with
               Copper
               Plates
               〈…〉
               a
               Treatise
               of
               Diseases
               ,
               attending
               〈…〉
               Fleets
               :
               in
               Octavo
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               THe
               whole
               Duty
               of
               a
               Communicant
               ,
               being
               Rules
               and
               Directions
               for
               the
               worthy
               Receiving
               the
               most
               Holy
               Sacrament
               of
               the
               Lord's
               Supper
               .
               With
               Meditations
               and
               Prayers
               for
               every
               Morning
               and
               Evening
               throughout
               the
               Week
               :
               Also
               some
               useful
               Directions
               〈◊〉
               Considerations
               in
               Order
               to
               a
               Holy
               Life
               ,
               after
               〈◊〉
               have
               Received
               the
               Blessed
               Communion
               .
               By
               the
               Reverend
               
                 John
                 Gauden
              
               ,
               late
               Bishop
               of
               Exeter
               .
               The
               Fifth
               Edition
               ,
               in
               Twelves
               ;
               Price
               1
               s.
               
            
          
           
             
             
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               for
               H
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               in
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               street
               ,
               and
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               Harris
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               the
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               1.
               
               
                 MEmoirs
                 for
                 the
                 Ingenious
              
               :
               Containing
               several
               Curious
               Observations
               in
               Philosophy
               ,
               Mathematicks
               ,
               Physick
               ,
               History
               ,
               Philology
               ,
               and
               other
               Arts
               and
               Sciences
               ;
               in
               Miscellaneous
               Letters
               .
               By
               
                 J.
                 De
                 la
                 Crose
              
               .
               E.
               A.
               P.
               
                 January
                 ,
                 1693.
              
               
               To
               be
               continued
               Monthly
               .
               Vol.
               1st
               .
               Price
               6
               d.
               
            
             
               2.
               
               
                 The
                 Present
                 Court
                 of
              
               Spain
               :
               Or
               ,
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               Gallantry
               of
               the
               Spanish
               Nobility
               unfolded
               .
               In
               several
               Histories
               and
               Seventy
               five
               Letters
               from
               the
               enamour'd
               Teresa
               ,
               to
               her
               Beloved
               the
               Marquis
               of
               Mansera
               .
               By
               the
               Ingenious
               Lady
               —
               Author
               of
               
                 The
                 Memoirs
                 and
                 Travels
                 into
                 Spain
                 .
              
               Done
               into
               English
               ,
               by
               
                 J.
                 P.
              
               
            
             
               〈…〉
               
                 Triumph
                 Royal
              
               :
               Containing
               ,
               a
               short
               〈…〉
               the
               most
               remarkable
               Battels
               ,
               Sieges
               ,
               Sea-fights
               ,
               Treaties
               ,
               &
               famous
               Atchievements
               of
               the
               Princes
               of
               the
               House
               of
               Nassau
               ,
               &c.
               
               Describ'd
               in
               the
               Triumphal
               Arches
               ,
               Pyramids
               ,
               Pictures
               ,
               Inscriptions
               and
               Devices
               ;
               erected
               at
               the
               Hague
               ,
               in
               Honour
               of
               William
               III.
               K.
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
               Curiously
               engraven
               in
               62
               Figures
               ,
               on
               Copper-Plates
               ,
               with
               their
               History
               ;
               an
               Elaborate
               Piece
               of
               Curiosity
               .
               
               First
               done
               in
               Dutch
               ,
               then
               into
               French
               ,
               and
               now
               into
               English
               .
               Dedicated
               to
               Her
               Majesty
               ,
               in
               Octavo
               .
               Price
               4
               s.
               
            
             
               4.
               
               
                 The
                 present
                 Condition
                 of
              
               France
               ,
               in
               reference
               to
               her
               Revenues
               ;
               comparing
               them
               with
               the
               infinite
               Expences
               she
               is
               forc'd
               to
               be
               at
               ;
               Demonstrating
               thereby
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               impossible
               for
               her
               to
               support
               her self
               ,
               if
               the
               War
               with
               the
               Confederates
               continues
               .
               Done
               out
               of
               French.
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               d.
               
            
          
           
             
             
               Books
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               for
               John
               Harris
               at
               the
               Harrow
               in
               the
               Poultry
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               
                 MEdicina
                 Practica
              
               :
               Or
               ,
               Practical
               Physick
               .
               Shewing
               the
               Method
               of
               Curing
               the
               most
               Usual
               Diseases
               happening
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               Humane
               Bodies
               ,
               &c.
               
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               which
               is
               added
               ,
               The
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               Works
               of
               
                 Hermes
                 Trismegistus
                 ,
                 Kalid
                 Persicus
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                 Geber
                 Arabs
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                 George
                 Ripley
              
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               singular
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               most
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               of
               Philosophers
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               whole
               compleated
               in
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               Books
               .
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                 William
                 Salmon
              
               ,
               Professor
               of
               Physick
               .
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                 Metropolis
              
               :
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               ,
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               Present
               State
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               s
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               ,
               &c.
               
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               Written
               by
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               late
               Ingenious
               
                 Tho.
                 Delaune
              
               Gent.
               and
               continu'd
               to
               
               this
               present
               Year
               by
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               Careful
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                 s.
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               Druggists
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               you
               may
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               Growth
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               them
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               4.
               
               
                 The
                 Revelation
                 Vnveiled
              
               :
               Or
               ,
               An
               Essay
               discovering
               ,
               1.
               
               When
               many
               Scripture
               Prophesies
               had
               their
               Accomplishment
               ,
               and
               turned
               into
               History
               .
               2.
               
               What
               
               are
               now
               Fulfilling
               .
               3.
               
               What
               rest
               still
               to
               be
               Fulfilled
               ,
               with
               a
               guess
               at
               the
               time
               of
               them
               .
               With
               an
               Appendix
               ,
               proving
               ,
               That
               Pagan
               Rome
               was
               not
               Babylon
               ,
               Rev.
               17.
               and
               that
               the
               Jews
               shall
               be
               Converted
               .
               By
               
                 Samuel
                 Petto
              
               ,
               Minister
               of
               the
               Gospel
               at
               Sudbury
               in
               Suffolk
               .
               Price
               1
               s.
               6
               d.
               
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               THE
               Third
               Volume
               OF
               Historical
               Travels
               OVER
               EUROPE
               ,
               Containing
               the
               most
               Select
               Curiosities
               of
               ITALY
               ,
               THE
               Various
               Constitutions
               of
               Government
               under
               several
               Sovereign
               Princes
               and
               States
               ;
               their
               Strength
               ,
               their
               Riches
               and
               Revenues
               ;
               the
               sundry
               Customs
               ,
               Manners
               ,
               Coyns
               ,
               and
               Trade
               of
               the
               People
               .
               Together
               with
               A
               Particular
               Description
               of
               the
               City
               of
               ROME
               ,
               the
               Conclave
               ,
               the
               Election
               of
               the
               Pope
               ,
               and
               Promotion
               of
               the
               Cardinals
               .
               Accompany'd
               with
               a
               Great
               Number
               of
               Remarks
               never
               yet
               before
               imparted
               to
               the
               World.
               
            
             
               Done
               out
               of
               French.
               
            
             
               LONDON
               ,
               Printed
               for
               
                 Hen.
                 Rhodes
              
               ,
               at
               the
               Star
               ,
               the
               Corner
               of
               Bride-Lane
               in
               
                 Fleetstreet
                 .
                 1694.
              
               
            
          
           
             
             
             
               TO
               THE
               READER
               .
            
             
               'T
               IS
               very
               true
               that
               several
               have
               set
               forth
               Descriptions
               of
               Italy
               ;
               but
               't
               is
               no
               wonder
               that
               all
               Geographers
               should
               be
               Ambitious
               of
               making
               their
               Court
               to
               a
               Country
               that
               was
               once
               the
               Mistress
               of
               the
               World.
               The
               Author
               is
               also
               very
               brief
               ,
               I
               must
               confess
               ;
               but
               many
               timas
               succinct
               Manuals
               are
               better
               Companions
               for
               a
               Gentleman
               ,
               then
               large
               Volumes
               :
               They
               will
               go
               by
               Water
               with
               him
               ,
               and
               ride
               in
               his
               Coach
               ,
               where
               weighty
               Folio's
               would
               be
               too
               cumbersomo
               and
               unweildy
               .
               Besides
               ,
               the
               Author
               himself
               assures
               ye
               ,
               that
               though
               he
               has
               not
               been
               so
               tedious
               as
               others
               ,
               yet
               that
               you
               shall
               meet
               in
               the
               succeeding
               few
               Chapters
               ,
               not
               only
               with
               Novelties
               ,
               which
               are
               pleasing
               to
               all
               Men
               ,
               but
               with
               an
               infinite
               number
               of
               most
               curious
               Remarks
               ,
               which
               never
               yet
               before
               were
               committed
               to
               the
               
               Press
               ;
               and
               which
               were
               the
               Observations
               of
               a
               Great
               and
               Learned
               Cardinal
               in
               some
               particulars
               ,
               and
               as
               to
               others
               of
               an
               Eminent
               Person
               ,
               who
               by
               means
               of
               his
               Publick
               Employments
               ,
               and
               his
               long
               Residence
               in
               the
               Courts
               of
               several
               Princes
               of
               Italy
               ,
               had
               gain'd
               a
               peculiar
               and
               perfect
               knowledge
               of
               the
               Country
               :
               a
               great
               Argument
               of
               the
               Truth
               of
               what
               is
               offer'd
               to
               your
               View
               ;
               that
               there
               is
               much
               in
               a
               little
               ,
               and
               all
               clean
               from
               Fabulous
               Report
               :
               Now
               then
               ,
               after
               these
               Encouragements
               to
               heighten
               your
               Curiosity
               ,
               I
               think
               it
               not
               convenient
               to
               add
               any
               more
               ,
               for
               fear
               of
               putting
               a
               long
               Epistle
               before
               a
               little
               Book
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
               HISTORICAL
               TRAVELS
               OVER
               EUROPE
               .
            
             
               ITALY
               .
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 Of
                 Italy
                 in
                 General
                 .
              
               
                 ALthô
                 above
                 fourscore
                 Authors
                 have
                 wrote
                 the
                 Description
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 nevertheless
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 known
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 derives
                 its
                 Name
                 .
                 Some
                 deduce
                 it
                 from
                 Oxen
                 or
                 Bulls
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 the
                 ancient
                 obsolete
                 Greek
                 were
                 called
                 Itali
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 feeding
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 Italy
                 was
                 then
                 in
                 high
                 repute
                 Others
                 will
                 have
                 it
                 so
                 called
                 from
                 one
                 Italus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 Kings
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 It
                 formerly
                 bore
                 the
                 Names
                 of
                 
                   Saturnia
                   ,
                   Ausonia
                   ,
                   Oenopia
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Hesperia
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 several
                 Princes
                 
                 and
                 renowned
                 Captains
                 that
                 regin'd
                 therein
                 at
                 several
                 times
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 part
                 of
                 Europe
                 is
                 seated
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Temperate
                 Zone
                 ,
                 between
                 the
                 28th
                 Degree
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 and
                 the
                 42d
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 Longitude
                 ,
                 and
                 between
                 the
                 37th
                 Degree
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 and
                 48th
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 Latitude
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 bounded
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 by
                 a
                 ridge
                 of
                 Mountains
                 called
                 the
                 Alpes
                 ,
                 which
                 separate
                 it
                 from
                 Germany
                 and
                 Switzerland
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Alpes
                 also
                 and
                 the
                 River
                 Var
                 ,
                 which
                 divides
                 it
                 from
                 France
                 and
                 Savoy
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Mediterranean
                   Sea
                
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Adriatic
                   Sea
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Golph
                 of
                 Venice
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Tyrrhene
                 or
                 
                   Tuscan
                   Sea.
                
                 Where
                 it
                 is
                 longest
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 Frontiers
                 of
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 farthest
                 extremity
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 it
                 extends
                 it self
                 about
                 280
                 French
                 Leagues
                 ,
                 or
                 450
                 Italian
                 Miles
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 breadth
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 all
                 alike
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 30
                 ,
                 in
                 other
                 places
                 40
                 ,
                 60
                 ,
                 80
                 ,
                 and
                 100
                 French
                 Leagues
                 ,
                 resembling
                 a
                 Boot
                 ,
                 that
                 seems
                 to
                 kick
                 at
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 to
                 force
                 it
                 into
                 Africa
                 .
              
               
                 Most
                 Geographers
                 divide
                 Italy
                 into
                 four
                 parts
                 ;
                 the
                 first
                 comprehends
                 the
                 ancient
                 Lombardy
                 ,
                 wherein
                 are
                 contain'd
                 ,
                 the
                 States
                 or
                 Dominions
                 of
                 the
                 Dukes
                 of
                 
                   Savoy
                   ,
                   Mantua
                   ,
                   Parma
                   ,
                   Modena
                   ,
                   Milanois
                   ,
                
                 the
                 Republic
                 of
                 
                   Venice
                   ,
                   Genoa
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Petty
                 Principalities
                 .
                 The
                 second
                 includes
                 the
                 Ecclesiastical
                 State
                 ,
                 and
                 Tuscany
                 .
                 The
                 third
                 ,
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Naples
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 fourth
                 ,
                 the
                 Islands
                 of
                 
                   Sardigna
                   ,
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   Corsica
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 The
                 Air
                 is
                 very
                 wholsome
                 and
                 very
                 temperate
                 over
                 all
                 Italy
                 ,
                 except
                 in
                 the
                 Ecclesiastical
                 State
                 ,
                 where
                 certain
                 malignant
                 Fevers
                 are
                 very
                 rife
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 were
                 much
                 more
                 frequent
                 before
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Ice
                 in
                 Summer
                 to
                 cool
                 their
                 Drink
                 .
              
               
                 Italy
                 produces
                 in
                 great
                 plenty
                 whatever
                 is
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 support
                 of
                 Human
                 Life
                 ;
                 as
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Oyl
                 ,
                 Oranges
                 ,
                 Citrons
                 ,
                 Pomegranates
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 and
                 Flowers
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 both
                 Sugar
                 and
                 Cotton
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Naples
                 ;
                 besides
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 Silkworms
                 ,
                 very
                 good
                 Horses
                 and
                 Bufalo's
                 .
                 The
                 Mountains
                 afford
                 Mines
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 Quarries
                 of
                 Alablaster
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Marble
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 principal
                 Rivers
                 that
                 water
                 it
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 Po
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Adige
                   ,
                   Adda
                   ,
                   Arno
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Tiber
                 ,
                 which
                 contribute
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 to
                 the
                 Fertility
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 is
                 call'd
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Garden
                   of
                   Europe
                
                 .
                 The
                 highest
                 Mountains
                 are
                 the
                 Alpes
                 ,
                 the
                 Apennine
                 ,
                 which
                 runs
                 quite
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 length
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 Mount
                 Masso
                 ,
                 Mount
                 
                   Barboro
                   ,
                   Vesuvius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Mount
                 Gibello
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 the
                 Italians
                 are
                 very
                 wicked
                 ,
                 or
                 very
                 honest
                 and
                 virtuous
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 are
                 generally
                 polite
                 ,
                 obliging
                 ,
                 quick
                 of
                 apprehension
                 ,
                 ingenious
                 ,
                 crafty
                 ,
                 eloquent
                 ,
                 politic
                 ,
                 and
                 want
                 not
                 worth
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 once
                 rid
                 themselves
                 of
                 a
                 certain
                 Reservedness
                 ,
                 which
                 frequently
                 begets
                 'em
                 the
                 Epithete
                 of
                 Knaves
                 .
                 These
                 good
                 Qualities
                 are
                 accompanied
                 with
                 some
                 bad
                 ones
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 a
                 little
                 too
                 much
                 enclined
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 are
                 jealous
                 ,
                 quick
                 of
                 their
                 promises
                 ,
                 slow
                 to
                 perform
                 ;
                 but
                 above
                 all
                 ,
                 revengeful
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 that
                 many
                 times
                 Revenge
                 descends
                 from
                 Family
                 to
                 Family
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Italian
                 Language
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 adulterated
                 Latin
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 
                   Goths
                   ,
                   Huns
                   ,
                   Vandals
                   ,
                   Lombards
                   ,
                
                 and
                 other
                 People
                 inhabiting
                 Italy
                 ,
                 have
                 much
                 corrupted
                 :
                 
                 Nor
                 do
                 they
                 speak
                 it
                 equally
                 polite
                 in
                 all
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 more
                 refined
                 in
                 Tuscany
                 then
                 any
                 where
                 else
                 :
                 but
                 the
                 Tuscans
                 do
                 not
                 pronounce
                 it
                 so
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 Romans
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Italian
                 Proverb
                 ,
                 
                   Lingua
                   Tuscana
                   in
                   Bucca
                   Romana
                
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 observed
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Italians
                 speak
                 in
                 the
                 throat
                 ,
                 the
                 Venetians
                 in
                 the
                 roof
                 of
                 the
                 mouth
                 ,
                 the
                 Neapolitans
                 between
                 the
                 teeth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Genoeses
                 between
                 the
                 Lips.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Roman
                 Apostolic
                 Religion
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 only
                 Religion
                 allowed
                 over
                 all
                 the
                 States
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 wherein
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 several
                 Tribunals
                 of
                 the
                 Inquisition
                 erected
                 ;
                 not
                 but
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 Lutherans
                 and
                 Calvenists
                 settl'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 ,
                 drawn
                 thither
                 by
                 the
                 conveniency
                 of
                 Trade
                 :
                 And
                 thô
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 know
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 departed
                 from
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 yet
                 't
                 is
                 their
                 interest
                 to
                 take
                 no
                 cognizance
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Jews
                 enjoy
                 much
                 more
                 freedom
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 their
                 Synagogues
                 even
                 in
                 Rome
                 it self
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Payment
                 of
                 an
                 Annual
                 Tribute
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 Greeks
                 and
                 Armenians
                 in
                 some
                 Cities
                 ,
                 who
                 perform
                 their
                 Church
                 Worship
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 customs
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 History
                 informs
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 the
                 Foundation
                 of
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   Italy
                
                 was
                 govern'd
                 by
                 Kings
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 245
                 Years
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Tarquin
                 the
                 Proud
                 was
                 the
                 last
                 of
                 her
                 Kings
                 .
                 That
                 afterwards
                 the
                 Romans
                 erected
                 themselves
                 into
                 a
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 conduct
                 of
                 Consuls
                 and
                 Senarors
                 ,
                 acquir'd
                 Immortal
                 Honour
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 their
                 Policy
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Victories
                 which
                 they
                 obtain'd
                 over
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 That
                 Commonwealth
                 lasted
                 till
                 the
                 706th
                 Year
                 of
                 
                 Rome
                 ,
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 
                   Julius
                   Caesar
                
                 was
                 proclaim'd
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 and
                 extended
                 the
                 Roman
                 Empire
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 three
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 which
                 were
                 then
                 known
                 ;
                 for
                 America
                 was
                 not
                 discover'd
                 in
                 those
                 days
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 Empire
                 had
                 mounted
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 period
                 of
                 its
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 it
                 declin'd
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 has
                 left
                 us
                 a
                 memorable
                 Example
                 of
                 the
                 instability
                 and
                 fleeting
                 condition
                 of
                 all
                 Earthly
                 Grandeur
                 .
                 This
                 formidable
                 Empire
                 being
                 fallen
                 to
                 decay
                 ,
                 was
                 dismember'd
                 in
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Honorius
                 ,
                 who
                 dy'd
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 of
                 Christ
                 423
                 ,
                 and
                 4176th
                 after
                 the
                 Foundation
                 of
                 Rome
                 .
              
               
                 Italy
                 after
                 this
                 fell
                 under
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Emperors
                 of
                 Constantinople
                 ,
                 who
                 sent
                 thither
                 their
                 Viceroys
                 or
                 Governors
                 under
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Exarchs
                 ,
                 who
                 kept
                 their
                 Court
                 at
                 Ravenna
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 Government
                 ,
                 which
                 began
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 of
                 Christ
                 568
                 ,
                 lasted
                 not
                 above
                 184
                 years
                 ,
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 those
                 Emperors
                 were
                 expell'd
                 by
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Lombardy
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 the
                 Emperors
                 of
                 the
                 West
                 conquer'd
                 Italy
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Lombardy
                 was
                 quite
                 extinguish'd
                 in
                 774
                 ,
                 by
                 Charlemain
                 ,
                 who
                 made
                 great
                 Presents
                 to
                 the
                 Holy
                 See
                 :
                 that
                 Monarch
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 his
                 Successors
                 ,
                 being
                 the
                 only
                 Princes
                 who
                 rais'd
                 the
                 Temporal
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Pope
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 wherein
                 we
                 now
                 behold
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 part
                 of
                 Europe
                 is
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 divided
                 among
                 several
                 Potentates
                 .
                 That
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 Pope
                 in
                 the
                 Ecclesiastical
                 State
                 :
                 The
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Austria
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Branch
                 of
                 Burgundy
                 ,
                 possesses
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 of
                 Naples
                 and
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Milan
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 Sardigna
                 .
                 These
                 two
                 Potentates
                 are
                 
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 in
                 Italy
                 ;
                 the
                 next
                 to
                 them
                 are
                 ,
                 
                   
                     The
                     Republic
                     of
                     Venice
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Republic
                     of
                     Genoa
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Republic
                     of
                     Luca.
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Grand
                     Duke
                     of
                     Tuscany
                     of
                     the
                     House
                     of
                     Medici
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Duke
                     of
                     Savoy
                     of
                     the
                     House
                     of
                     Saxony
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Duke
                     of
                     Mantua
                     of
                     the
                     House
                     of
                     Gonzaga
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Duke
                     of
                     Parma
                     of
                     the
                     House
                     of
                     Farneze
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Duke
                     of
                     Modena
                     of
                     the
                     House
                     of
                     d'Este
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 many
                 other
                 Sovereign
                 Princes
                 who
                 have
                 power
                 of
                 Life
                 and
                 Death
                 over
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 with
                 absolute
                 authority
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 and
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 coyn
                 Money
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 small
                 Extent
                 of
                 their
                 Territories
                 ,
                 are
                 call'd
                 the
                 Petty
                 Princes
                 of
                 Italy
                 .
                 Such
                 are
                 ,
                 
                   
                     The
                     Republic
                     of
                     St.
                     Marin
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Bishop
                     of
                     Trent
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Duke
                     of
                     Guastalla
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Duke
                     of
                     Sabionetta
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Count
                     of
                     Novelare
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Prince
                     of
                     Bozzolo
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Duke
                     of
                     Mirandola
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Prince
                     of
                     Monaco
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Prince
                     of
                     Massera
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Prince
                     of
                     Piombino
                     .
                  
                   
                     The
                     Duke
                     of
                     Bracciano
                     :
                     And
                     several
                     others
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 All
                 the
                 States
                 of
                 these
                 Princes
                 hold
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 the
                 Emperor
                 of
                 Germany
                 .
                 Only
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 Pope
                 and
                 the
                 Republic
                 of
                 Venice
                 are
                 independent
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 States
                 that
                 hold
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 devolve
                 to
                 it
                 again
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Proprietors
                 happen
                 to
                 die
                 without
                 
                 Issue
                 Male
                 ;
                 the
                 Daughters
                 not
                 being
                 admitted
                 to
                 succeed
                 their
                 Fathers
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 reckon'd
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 Italy
                 68
                 Principalities
                 ;
                 95
                 Dukedoms
                 ;
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Archbishoprics
                 and
                 Bishoprics
                 ,
                 and
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 Universities
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 are
                 those
                 of
                 
                   Padua
                   ,
                   Venice
                   ,
                   Turin
                   ,
                   Pavia
                   ,
                   Siena
                   ,
                   Pisa
                   ,
                   Bologna
                   ,
                   Rome
                   ,
                   Ferrara
                   ,
                   Fermo
                   ,
                   Macerata
                   ,
                   Salerno
                   ,
                   Naples
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 Principal
                 Cities
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 are
                 Rome
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Country
                 ,
                 term'd
                 the
                 Holy
                 ;
                 next
                 to
                 that
                 ,
                 Naples
                 the
                 Noble
                 ,
                 Florence
                 the
                 Fair
                 ,
                 Genoa
                 the
                 Proud
                 ,
                 Milan
                 the
                 Great
                 ,
                 Ravenna
                 the
                 Ancient
                 ,
                 Venice
                 the
                 Rich
                 ,
                 Padua
                 the
                 Learned
                 ,
                 and
                 Bologna
                 the
                 Fat.
                 
              
               
                 It
                 remains
                 that
                 I
                 should
                 speak
                 of
                 some
                 Customs
                 that
                 are
                 general
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
                 In
                 regard
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Italy
                 upon
                 the
                 Mediterranean
                 Sea
                 are
                 much
                 infested
                 by
                 the
                 Pyrates
                 of
                 Barbary
                 ,
                 who
                 often
                 Land
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 away
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 with
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 their
                 Goods
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 little
                 Forts
                 built
                 all
                 along
                 the
                 Coasts
                 ,
                 about
                 a
                 mile
                 distance
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ;
                 more
                 especially
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   Riviera
                   di
                   Genoa
                
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Naples
                 and
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 where
                 six
                 men
                 keep
                 Garrison
                 with
                 two
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Cannon
                 to
                 prevent
                 Descents
                 .
                 These
                 Guards
                 every
                 night
                 kindle
                 one
                 or
                 two
                 Fires
                 upon
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Mountains
                 .
                 When
                 there
                 is
                 but
                 one
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 call'd
                 a
                 
                   Fire
                   of
                   Assurance
                
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 a
                 sign
                 that
                 no
                 Turkish
                 Brigantine
                 has
                 appear'd
                 all
                 that
                 day
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 they
                 kindle
                 two
                 some
                 Paces
                 off
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 to
                 give
                 notice
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 to
                 stand
                 upon
                 their
                 Guards
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 seen
                 some
                 Pirates
                 
                 sounding
                 where
                 to
                 get
                 ashore
                 .
                 Those
                 Fires
                 they
                 call
                 
                   Fires
                   of
                   Mistrust
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Italians
                 never
                 tell
                 the
                 Clock
                 as
                 other
                 People
                 of
                 Europe
                 do
                 .
                 They
                 begin
                 to
                 tell
                 One
                 at
                 the
                 close
                 of
                 the
                 Day
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Hours
                 of
                 Noon
                 and
                 Midnight
                 alter
                 higher
                 or
                 lower
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Seasons
                 .
                 For
                 Example
                 ,
                 the
                 12th
                 of
                 August
                 which
                 we
                 reckon
                 to
                 be
                 Noon
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 the
                 Italians
                 count
                 it
                 17
                 a
                 clock
                 ,
                 and
                 24
                 when
                 the
                 Sun
                 disappears
                 .
                 They
                 keep
                 a
                 man
                 at
                 their
                 principal
                 Clocks
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Clock
                 has
                 strook
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Hammer
                 strikes
                 as
                 many
                 times
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 Bell
                 as
                 the
                 Clock
                 strook
                 ;
                 that
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 were
                 mistaken
                 in
                 telling
                 the
                 first
                 time
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 not
                 fail
                 to
                 tell
                 right
                 the
                 second
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 usual
                 thing
                 to
                 be
                 robb'd
                 upon
                 the
                 High
                 way
                 ,
                 more
                 especially
                 near
                 any
                 Garrison
                 Towns
                 ;
                 but
                 most
                 of
                 all
                 in
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 there
                 any
                 trusting
                 to
                 the
                 Guards
                 which
                 are
                 granted
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 desire
                 'em
                 ,
                 because
                 those
                 Guards
                 many
                 times
                 share
                 the
                 Booty
                 with
                 the
                 Thieves
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 disguise
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 Habit
                 of
                 Pilgrims
                 or
                 Hermits
                 .
              
               
                 Neither
                 Wives
                 nor
                 Maids
                 stir
                 out
                 of
                 Doors
                 unless
                 it
                 be
                 to
                 Church
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 very
                 seldom
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 do
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 attended
                 by
                 some
                 Spy
                 which
                 their
                 jealous
                 Parents
                 or
                 Husbands
                 send
                 along
                 with
                 'em
                 to
                 watch
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 That
                 Sex
                 never
                 appears
                 either
                 in
                 Shops
                 or
                 Markets
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Men
                 drive
                 all
                 the
                 Trade
                 .
                 Marriages
                 are
                 usually
                 celebrated
                 by
                 Proxies
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 times
                 the
                 Man
                 and
                 the
                 Woman
                 never
                 see
                 one
                 another
                 till
                 they
                 come
                 before
                 the
                 Priest
                 to
                 be
                 married
                 .
                 
                 When
                 Mass
                 is
                 said
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 only
                 the
                 Men
                 rise
                 up
                 at
                 the
                 Gospel
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 could
                 relate
                 many
                 more
                 things
                 of
                 Italy
                 in
                 General
                 ;
                 but
                 I
                 reserve
                 'em
                 for
                 the
                 several
                 Chapters
                 of
                 each
                 particular
                 State
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 they
                 more
                 properly
                 belong
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 Of
                 the
                 States
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Savoy
                 .
              
               
                 THE
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Savoy
                 descend
                 from
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Saxony
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 ancient
                 and
                 most
                 illustrious
                 Families
                 of
                 Germany
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 above
                 a
                 thousand
                 years
                 since
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 in
                 Sovereign
                 Possession
                 of
                 Piemont
                 and
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 less
                 then
                 five
                 Emperors
                 and
                 four
                 Kings
                 have
                 descended
                 from
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Duke
                 of
                 Savoy
                 bears
                 a
                 Crown
                 fasten'd
                 over
                 his
                 Arms
                 ,
                 ever
                 since
                 
                   Charlote
                   de
                   Lusignan
                
                 Queen
                 of
                 
                   Jerusalem
                   ,
                   Cyprus
                
                 and
                 Armenia
                 ,
                 being
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 her
                 Kingdom
                 by
                 her
                 Bastard
                 Brother
                 ,
                 and
                 flying
                 for
                 Refuge
                 to
                 Rome
                 under
                 the
                 Pontificate
                 of
                 Sixtus
                 IV.
                 where
                 she
                 died
                 in
                 1489
                 ,
                 bequeath'd
                 all
                 her
                 Pretensions
                 to
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 presence
                 of
                 the
                 Pope
                 and
                 several
                 Cardinals
                 ,
                 to
                 Charles
                 Duke
                 of
                 Savoy
                 her
                 Nephew
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 not
                 address'd
                 to
                 by
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 of
                 
                   His
                   Royal
                   Highness
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Perpetual
                   Vicar
                
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 Empire
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Duke
                 of
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 stress
                 of
                 necessity
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 bring
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 about
                 30000
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 5000
                 Horse
                 .
                 His
                 fixed
                 Revenue
                 in
                 
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 amounts
                 to
                 Six
                 millions
                 fourscore
                 and
                 eighteen
                 thousand
                 Livres
                 of
                 Piemont
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 Livre
                 not
                 being
                 worth
                 above
                 five
                 French
                 Sols
                 ,
                 that
                 Sum
                 amounts
                 to
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 to
                 Four
                 millions
                 five
                 hundred
                 forty
                 three
                 thousand
                 six
                 hundred
                 Livres
                 of
                 our
                 money
                 .
              
               
                 Althô
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Savoy
                 coins
                 Pistols
                 ,
                 Ducatoons
                 ,
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Six
                 Sols
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 small
                 Money
                 ,
                 however
                 the
                 Pieces
                 of
                 France
                 and
                 Spain
                 go
                 currant
                 in
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 The
                 French
                 Crowns
                 go
                 there
                 for-seventy
                 two
                 Sols
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Pieces
                 proportionably
                 .
                 But
                 nothing
                 is
                 so
                 much
                 talk'd
                 if
                 in
                 Piemont
                 as
                 Florins
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 chimerical
                 sort
                 of
                 money
                 like
                 our
                 Livres
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 the
                 Florin
                 not
                 being
                 worth
                 above
                 twelve
                 Sols
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Ducatoon
                 goes
                 in
                 Piemont
                 for
                 84
                 Sols
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 manners
                 of
                 the
                 Savoyards
                 and
                 Piemontois
                 ,
                 the
                 Nobility
                 are
                 endow'd
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Qualities
                 requir'd
                 in
                 Persons
                 of
                 their
                 Rank
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 are
                 laborious
                 ,
                 and
                 naturally
                 very
                 affable
                 ,
                 good
                 Husbands
                 ,
                 sober
                 ,
                 and
                 fit
                 to
                 undergo
                 any
                 sort
                 of
                 Hardship
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 have
                 no
                 great
                 inclination
                 to
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Savoy
                 have
                 always
                 appear'd
                 very
                 zealous
                 for
                 the
                 Catholic
                 Religion
                 ,
                 which
                 has
                 often
                 induc'd
                 'em
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 their
                 Power
                 to
                 constrain
                 their
                 Subjects
                 in
                 the
                 Vallies
                 of
                 Vaudois
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 Bosom
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 they
                 departed
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 Age.
                 The
                 Duke
                 now
                 reigning
                 is
                 the
                 only
                 person
                 that
                 brought
                 his
                 design
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 by
                 forcing
                 the
                 most
                 obstinate
                 in
                 their
                 Religion
                 to
                 leave
                 their
                 Habitations
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 retire
                 into
                 Switzerland
                 and
                 Germany
                 .
                 But
                 two
                 years
                 after
                 ,
                 in
                 1689.
                 he
                 recall'd
                 
                 'em
                 to
                 serve
                 in
                 his
                 War
                 against
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 permits
                 'em
                 the
                 free
                 Exercise
                 of
                 their
                 Religion
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Government
                 of
                 Savoy
                 is
                 purely
                 Monarchical
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Salic
                 Law
                 takes
                 place
                 there
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Daughters
                 never
                 inherit
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 .
                 For
                 want
                 of
                 Male
                 Issue
                 ,
                 the
                 Succession
                 appertains
                 to
                 the
                 next
                 of
                 kin
                 to
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Masculine
                 Line
                 .
              
               
                 Savoy
                 was
                 erected
                 into
                 a
                 Dukedom
                 by
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Sigismund
                 ,
                 in
                 favour
                 of
                 Amadeus
                 ,
                 the
                 8th
                 Count
                 of
                 Savoy
                 .
                 Thô
                 the
                 Country
                 be
                 altogether
                 Mountainous
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 abounds
                 in
                 very
                 fertile
                 Valleys
                 .
                 The
                 principal
                 Cities
                 in
                 it
                 are
                 
                   Chamberi
                   ,
                   Nice
                
                 .
                 and
                 
                   Villa
                   Franca
                
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 now
                 reduc'd
                 under
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 bounded
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 by
                 the
                 River
                 Rhine
                 and
                 the
                 Lake
                 of
                 Geneva
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 by
                 Switzerland
                 and
                 Piemont
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Dauphinate
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Rhine
                 ,
                 which
                 separates
                 it
                 from
                 
                   La
                   Bress
                
                 and
                 Burgundy
                 .
              
               
                 Piemont
                 is
                 another
                 Province
                 of
                 the
                 States
                 of
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 so
                 called
                 from
                 the
                 situation
                 of
                 it
                 at
                 the
                 foot
                 of
                 the
                 Alpes
                 .
                 The
                 eldest
                 Sons
                 of
                 the
                 Princes
                 of
                 Piemont
                 bear
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 
                   Dukes
                   of
                   Piemont
                
                 .
                 This
                 Province
                 is
                 much
                 more
                 fertile
                 then
                 Savoy
                 ;
                 being
                 bounded
                 to
                 the
                 East
                 by
                 Milanois
                 and
                 Montferrat
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Republic
                 of
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 County
                 of
                 Nice
                 ;
                 by
                 Savoy
                 and
                 the
                 Dauphinate
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 ;
                 and
                 
                   Le
                   Velais
                
                 to
                 the
                 North.
                 
              
               
                 Turin
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 Piemont
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Duke's
                 Territories
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 also
                 keops
                 his
                 Court.
                 It
                 is
                 seated
                 in
                 a
                 fertile
                 Plain
                 ,
                 between
                 the
                 Rivers
                 Po
                 ,
                 and
                 Doire
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 secur'd
                 
                 by
                 a
                 Citadel
                 with
                 five
                 good
                 Bastions
                 ,
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 the
                 French
                 took
                 it
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 far
                 inferior
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 who
                 defended
                 it
                 .
                 During
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 threw
                 in
                 Powder
                 ,
                 Letters
                 ,
                 &c.
                 by
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 a
                 Mortar
                 ,
                 invented
                 by
                 a
                 Fleming
                 ,
                 which
                 for
                 that
                 reason
                 was
                 call'd
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Courier
                   Cannon
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Turin
                 is
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 an
                 Archbishopric
                 and
                 a
                 University
                 ,
                 wherein
                 all
                 Sciences
                 are
                 profess'd
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 boasts
                 it self
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 first
                 City
                 of
                 Italy
                 where
                 Printing
                 was
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 .
                 The
                 chiefest
                 Curiosity
                 in
                 Turin
                 most
                 worthy
                 the
                 Observation
                 of
                 a
                 Traveller
                 is
                 the
                 Citadel
                 ,
                 wherein
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Well
                 to
                 be
                 admir'd
                 for
                 the
                 largeness
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 conveniency
                 of
                 watering
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Horses
                 without
                 any
                 trouble
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 ascend
                 one
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 descend
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Ducal
                 Palace
                 is
                 magnificent
                 for
                 the
                 Furniture
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 the
                 Winter
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 Summer
                 .
                 Among
                 the
                 Rarities
                 which
                 are
                 shewn
                 to
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Chariot
                 of
                 Massie
                 Gold
                 ,
                 having
                 six
                 Horses
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Metal
                 spang'd
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 enchas'd
                 all
                 over
                 with
                 precious
                 Stones
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 little
                 Castle
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 with
                 Artillery
                 and
                 Fortifications
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Metal
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 besides
                 an
                 Engin
                 ,
                 that
                 carries
                 her
                 Royal
                 Highness
                 from
                 her
                 Chamber
                 to
                 her
                 Baths
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 single
                 Pulley
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 favour
                 of
                 a
                 Counterpoise
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 safety
                 and
                 ease
                 imaginable
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 Church
                 of
                 Turin
                 is
                 very
                 stately
                 ;
                 wherein
                 is
                 kept
                 the
                 sacred
                 Sudary
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Face
                 and
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 our
                 Saviour
                 are
                 imprinted
                 .
                 They
                 assure
                 ye
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 
                 wherein
                 the
                 Saviour
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 was
                 shrouded
                 before
                 he
                 was
                 laid
                 in
                 the
                 Sepulchre
                 of
                 Arimathea
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 brought
                 into
                 Savoy
                 by
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 John
                 King
                 of
                 Cyprus
                 and
                 Jerusalem
                 ,
                 who
                 marry'd
                 Lewis
                 of
                 Savoy
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 which
                 raises
                 a
                 greater
                 Contest
                 is
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 shew
                 ye
                 such
                 another
                 Sudary
                 at
                 Besanton
                 ,
                 the
                 Capital
                 of
                 
                   Franche
                   Conte
                
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 whose
                 Curiosity
                 leads
                 'em
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Tomb
                 of
                 
                   Clement
                   Marot
                
                 ,
                 the
                 famous
                 Poet
                 and
                 
                   Valet
                   de
                   Chambre
                
                 to
                 Francis
                 the
                 First
                 ,
                 will
                 find
                 it
                 at
                 Turin
                 .
                 For
                 that
                 having
                 been
                 banish'd
                 for
                 his
                 irregular
                 Life
                 from
                 the
                 Court
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 Geneva
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 he
                 was
                 also
                 expell'd
                 for
                 his
                 loose
                 Living
                 ,
                 and
                 retiring
                 to
                 Turin
                 ,
                 died
                 in
                 1544
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 60th
                 year
                 of
                 his
                 Age.
                 Althô
                 he
                 understood
                 neither
                 
                   Hebrew
                   ,
                   Greek
                
                 ,
                 nor
                 Latin
                 ,
                 nevertheless
                 he
                 Translated
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 
                 David's
                 Psalms
                 into
                 French
                 Verse
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 sung
                 by
                 the
                 Protestants
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 
                   Holland
                   ,
                   Germany
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Switzerland
                 .
                 And
                 notwithstanding
                 that
                 the
                 more
                 Learned
                 among
                 them
                 agree
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 observ'd
                 little
                 exactness
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 Versions
                 much
                 better
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 the
                 Sense
                 and
                 the
                 Poetry
                 ,
                 yet
                 
                 Marot's
                 are
                 still
                 preferr'd
                 before
                 all
                 others
                 ,
                 perhaps
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 censur'd
                 by
                 the
                 Sorbon
                 in
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Francis
                 the
                 First
                 .
                 Marot
                 was
                 born
                 at
                 Cahors
                 in
                 Querci
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 his
                 death
                 the
                 following
                 EPITAPH
                 was
                 made
                 upon
                 him
                 :
              
               
                 
                 
                   Querci
                   ,
                   the
                   Court
                   ,
                   Piemont
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                
                 
                   Bred
                   ,
                   Fed
                   ,
                   Enterr'd
                   me
                   ,
                   knew
                   my
                   Worth.
                
                 
                   Querci
                   my
                   Love
                   ,
                   the
                   Court
                   had
                   all
                   my
                   Time
                   ,
                
                 
                   Piemont
                   my
                   Bones
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   Earth
                   my
                   Rhime
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 Duke
                 has
                 also
                 several
                 Houses
                 of
                 Pleasure
                 in
                 the
                 parts
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 Turin
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 chiefest
                 are
                 
                   Parc
                   ,
                   Valentin
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Mille
                   fleurs
                
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 have
                 all
                 suffer'd
                 very
                 much
                 through
                 the
                 Violences
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 Piemont
                 .
              
               
                 Suza
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 principal
                 Cities
                 of
                 Piemont
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Romans
                 call'd
                 Segusium
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 one
                 of
                 
                 Pompey's
                 Colonies
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 open'd
                 the
                 passage
                 of
                 Mount
                 Genevre
                 .
                 It
                 has
                 undergone
                 however
                 several
                 Calamities
                 upon
                 several
                 occasions
                 .
                 History
                 informs
                 us
                 that
                 
                   Constantine
                   the
                   Great
                
                 caus'd
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 plunder'd
                 and
                 then
                 burnt
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 second
                 Conflagration
                 which
                 it
                 suffer'd
                 through
                 the
                 provok'd
                 fury
                 of
                 the
                 Emperor
                 
                   Frederick
                   Barbarossa
                
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Records
                 and
                 Rolls
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Savoy
                 were
                 consum'd
                 .
                 This
                 City
                 is
                 considerable
                 for
                 the
                 situation
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 it
                 shuts
                 up
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 principal
                 Inlets
                 of
                 France
                 into
                 Italy
                 However
                 the
                 French
                 have
                 forc'd
                 it
                 several
                 times
                 ;
                 more
                 especially
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 this
                 Age
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Savoy
                 had
                 rais'd
                 a
                 dozen
                 Barricado's
                 in
                 the
                 Defiles
                 ,
                 which
                 defended
                 one
                 another
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 our
                 time
                 the
                 King's
                 Armies
                 clear'd
                 their
                 way
                 through
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 still
                 in
                 possession
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 still
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 at
                 Suza
                 very
                 fair
                 Remains
                 of
                 a
                 Triumphal
                 Arch
                 ,
                 which
                 some
                 say
                 was
                 erected
                 by
                 the
                 Goths
                 ,
                 others
                 by
                 
                 the
                 Romans
                 ;
                 though
                 others
                 are
                 of
                 Opinion
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 Ruines
                 of
                 the
                 Trophies
                 rear'd
                 by
                 the
                 Emperor
                 
                   Augustus
                   740
                
                 years
                 after
                 the
                 building
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 14
                 before
                 the
                 Birth
                 of
                 our
                 Saviour
                 .
              
               
                 Nice
                 is
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 a
                 County
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 name
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 formerly
                 included
                 within
                 Provence
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 Amadeus
                 the
                 Seventh
                 usurp'd
                 from
                 Joan
                 Countess
                 of
                 Provence
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 that
                 she
                 was
                 busi'd
                 in
                 pacifying
                 the
                 Troubles
                 of
                 Naples
                 .
                 To
                 palliate
                 which
                 Usurpation
                 ,
                 the
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Savoy
                 alledge
                 ,
                 that
                 Ioland
                 ,
                 the
                 Mother
                 and
                 Nurse
                 of
                 Lewis
                 the
                 Third
                 ,
                 Count
                 of
                 Provence
                 ,
                 and
                 King
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 surrendred
                 that
                 County
                 to
                 Amadeus
                 of
                 Savoy
                 in
                 1419
                 ,
                 in
                 compensation
                 for
                 the
                 Sum
                 of
                 160000
                 Livres
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 pretended
                 to
                 be
                 due
                 to
                 him
                 from
                 his
                 Pupil
                 .
                 But
                 besides
                 that
                 that
                 Sum
                 was
                 never
                 due
                 ,
                 nor
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Equivalent
                 giv'n
                 for
                 that
                 County
                 ,
                 Ioland
                 had
                 no
                 power
                 to
                 grant
                 away
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 her
                 Son
                 ,
                 thô
                 the
                 Duke's
                 Pretensions
                 had
                 been
                 just
                 .
                 However
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 both
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 the
                 County
                 are
                 now
                 in
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 
                   French
                   ;
                   Catinat
                
                 making
                 himself
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Nice
                 and
                 
                   Villa
                   Franca
                
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 year
                 1691.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Nice
                 was
                 founded
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Marseilles
                 ,
                 who
                 made
                 it
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 Colonies
                 :
                 And
                 it
                 was
                 enlarg'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ruins
                 of
                 Cemella
                 ,
                 the
                 Bishopric
                 of
                 which
                 place
                 was
                 translated
                 to
                 Nice
                 ,
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 Town
                 of
                 great
                 Trade
                 ,
                 wherein
                 are
                 still
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 some
                 Remainders
                 of
                 an
                 Amphitheatre
                 erected
                 in
                 Honour
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 Footsteps
                 of
                 a
                 Temple
                 of
                 Pluto
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 dedicated
                 to
                 Juno
                 .
                 The
                 
                 Citadel
                 is
                 built
                 upon
                 a
                 steep
                 Rock
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 look'd
                 upon
                 as
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 strongest
                 Forts
                 in
                 Europe
                 .
                 The
                 Turks
                 besieg'd
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1543
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 leave
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 Church
                 is
                 dedicated
                 to
                 St.
                 Repareus
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Cities
                 of
                 
                   Chamberi
                   ,
                   Montmelian
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Villa
                   Franca
                
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Casal
                 and
                 Pignerol
                 ,
                 are
                 already
                 described
                 in
                 the
                 Sixth
                 Chapter
                 of
                 the
                 First
                 Volume
                 of
                 these
                 Voyages
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 The
                 State
                 of
                 Milan
                 .
              
               
                 MIlanois
                 is
                 a
                 Province
                 of
                 Italy
                 with
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 a
                 Dukedom
                 ,
                 seated
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 beautiful
                 Country
                 of
                 all
                 Lombardy
                 .
                 The
                 Soyl
                 is
                 so
                 fertile
                 in
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 bears
                 twice
                 a
                 year
                 .
                 The
                 High-ways
                 are
                 all
                 drawn
                 in
                 a
                 Line
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Canal
                 of
                 Running
                 Water
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 Ornament
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 serves
                 for
                 the
                 Transportation
                 of
                 Goods
                 and
                 Merchandize
                 from
                 the
                 adjoyning
                 Countries
                 .
                 The
                 Goodness
                 and
                 Fertility
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 procur'd
                 it
                 formerly
                 the
                 Envy
                 of
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 it
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 cruel
                 Wars
                 .
                 The
                 Revenues
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 may
                 amount
                 to
                 Two
                 Millions
                 and
                 Four
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Crowns
                 ;
                 which
                 Sum
                 is
                 advanc'd
                 a
                 third
                 part
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 War.
                 This
                 State
                 is
                 so
                 numerously
                 Peopl'd
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 case
                 of
                 necessity
                 it
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 bring
                 above
                 50000
                 men
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 is
                 so
                 ill
                 serv'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 
                 Officers
                 only
                 make
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 the
                 Revenue
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Catholick
                 Majesty
                 is
                 constrain'd
                 to
                 send
                 considerable
                 Sums
                 for
                 the
                 payment
                 of
                 20000
                 Men
                 which
                 he
                 maintains
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 Besides
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Genoese
                 Coyn
                 that
                 goes
                 currant
                 in
                 Milanois
                 ,
                 the
                 Mint
                 sends
                 forth
                 also
                 
                   Philipins
                   ,
                   Ducatoons
                   ,
                   Creusons
                   ,
                   Parbayolles
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Sesins
                 .
                 A
                 Philipin
                 contains
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 6
                 Livres
                 6
                 Sols
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ;
                 the
                 
                   Ducatoon
                   ,
                   7
                
                 Livres
                 ;
                 the
                 Creuson
                 ,
                 5
                 Livres
                 10
                 Sols
                 ;
                 the
                 Parbayolle
                 ,
                 2
                 Sols
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 ,
                 or
                 5
                 Sesins
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 small
                 Copper
                 Coyn
                 ,
                 two
                 of
                 which
                 make
                 a
                 Sol.
                 The
                 Milanois
                 Livre
                 is
                 worth
                 about
                 10
                 Sols
                 of
                 France
                 .
              
               
                 Milan
                 ,
                 an
                 Archiepiscopal
                 City
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 the
                 Duchy
                 ,
                 built
                 by
                 the
                 Gauls
                 when
                 they
                 settl'd
                 in
                 Italy
                 about
                 the
                 year
                 170
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 building
                 of
                 Rome
                 .
                 The
                 Romans
                 expell'd
                 'em
                 thence
                 462
                 years
                 after
                 .
                 This
                 Country
                 was
                 often
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 Incursions
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 the
                 Goths
                 ,
                 and
                 Huns
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 that
                 ,
                 was
                 subdu'd
                 by
                 the
                 Lombards
                 ,
                 who
                 possess'd
                 it
                 till
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Charlemain
                 ,
                 who
                 made
                 it
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 .
                 By
                 degrees
                 this
                 City
                 became
                 so
                 powerful
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 commanded
                 all
                 her
                 Neighbours
                 ;
                 and
                 her
                 Pride
                 swell'd
                 to
                 that
                 height
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 several
                 times
                 rebell'd
                 against
                 her
                 Sovereigns
                 .
                 The
                 Emperor
                 Frederic
                 the
                 First
                 was
                 constrain'd
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 Force
                 to
                 reduce
                 her
                 to
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 brought
                 to
                 pass
                 in
                 1160
                 ;
                 and
                 soon
                 after
                 the
                 Empress
                 his
                 Wife
                 going
                 to
                 Milan
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 rose
                 ,
                 out
                 the
                 throats
                 of
                 the
                 Imperial
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 and
                 seizing
                 upon
                 the
                 Empress
                 ,
                 set
                 her
                 upon
                 an
                 Ass
                 with
                 her
                 face
                 toward
                 the
                 Tail
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 gave
                 her
                 
                 in
                 her
                 hand
                 in
                 stead
                 of
                 a
                 Bridle
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 led
                 her
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Emperor
                 justly
                 incens'd
                 at
                 such
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Insolence
                 ,
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 it
                 to
                 surrender
                 at
                 Discretion
                 the
                 3d
                 of
                 
                   March
                   ,
                   1162.
                
                 
                 Which
                 done
                 ,
                 he
                 levell'd
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 Earth
                 all
                 but
                 three
                 Churches
                 ,
                 drew
                 a
                 Plough
                 over
                 the
                 whole
                 ,
                 and
                 sow'd
                 it
                 with
                 Salt
                 ,
                 as
                 an
                 Eternal
                 Memorial
                 of
                 Reproach
                 and
                 Infamy
                 upon
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 no
                 way
                 to
                 redeem
                 their
                 Lives
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 drawing
                 with
                 their
                 Teeth
                 a
                 Fig
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Fundament
                 of
                 the
                 Ass
                 upon
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 set
                 the
                 Empress
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 that
                 refus'd
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Sword.
                 
              
               
                 Nine
                 years
                 after
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 rebuilt
                 ,
                 and
                 rose
                 by
                 degrees
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 that
                 now
                 it
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Great
                 .
                 The
                 Duchy
                 of
                 Milan
                 is
                 claim'd
                 by
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 upon
                 account
                 that
                 
                   John
                   Galeazzo
                
                 ,
                 first
                 Duke
                 of
                 Milan
                 ,
                 having
                 given
                 his
                 Daughter
                 Valentina
                 in
                 marriage
                 to
                 Lewis
                 of
                 France
                 Duke
                 of
                 Orleans
                 ,
                 Second
                 Son
                 of
                 Charles
                 the
                 Fifth
                 ,
                 surnamed
                 the
                 Wise
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 covenanted
                 by
                 the
                 Articles
                 of
                 the
                 Contract
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 the
                 said
                 John
                 happen'd
                 to
                 dye
                 without
                 Male
                 Issue
                 ,
                 the
                 Duchy
                 of
                 Milan
                 should
                 descend
                 to
                 Lewis
                 his
                 Son-in-Law
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Successors
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 John-Maria
                 and
                 Philip-Maria
                 dying
                 without
                 Legitimate
                 Offspring
                 ,
                 the
                 Succession
                 belong'd
                 without
                 dispute
                 to
                 Charles
                 Duke
                 of
                 Orleans
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 
                   Lewis
                   .
                   Charles
                
                 the
                 Fifth
                 was
                 not
                 ignorant
                 of
                 this
                 Pretension
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 promis'd
                 Francis
                 the
                 First
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 him
                 the
                 Investiture
                 of
                 it
                 for
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Sons
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Sollicitation
                 of
                 the
                 Electors
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 .
                 But
                 taking
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 his
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 disorders
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 Emperor
                 was
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 standing
                 to
                 his
                 word
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 gave
                 the
                 Investiture
                 to
                 Philip
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 his
                 own
                 Son
                 ;
                 and
                 ever
                 since
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Spain
                 have
                 possess'd
                 that
                 Duchy
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Milan
                 has
                 been
                 besieg'd
                 40
                 times
                 ,
                 taken
                 22
                 ;
                 that
                 it
                 has
                 22
                 Gates
                 ,
                 including
                 those
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Suburbs
                 ;
                 230
                 Churches
                 ,
                 96
                 Parishes
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 10
                 miles
                 in
                 circuit
                 .
                 It
                 has
                 a
                 Senate
                 ,
                 consisting
                 of
                 a
                 President
                 and
                 twelve
                 Senators
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 three
                 must
                 be
                 natural
                 Spaniards
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 in
                 it
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 number
                 of
                 Handicraft
                 Tradesmen
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 commonly
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 Milan
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 ruin'd
                 to
                 accommodate
                 Italy
                 .
                 This
                 City
                 is
                 defended
                 by
                 a
                 Castle
                 fortifi'd
                 with
                 six
                 Bastions
                 lin'd
                 with
                 Brick
                 ,
                 and
                 environ'd
                 with
                 Moats
                 of
                 running
                 Waters
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 three
                 different
                 Inclosures
                 able
                 to
                 make
                 great
                 Resistance
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 it
                 is
                 look'd
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Fortresses
                 of
                 Europe
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 about
                 a
                 mile
                 in
                 compass
                 ,
                 containing
                 whole
                 Streets
                 ,
                 wherein
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Artificers
                 keep
                 their
                 shops
                 .
                 It
                 also
                 includes
                 large
                 Palaces
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Officers
                 lodge
                 ;
                 and
                 several
                 Piazza's
                 ,
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 6000
                 men
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 Battel-array
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 in
                 it
                 likewise
                 four
                 Wells
                 or
                 Fountains
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 never
                 empty
                 ;
                 one
                 Mill
                 ,
                 above
                 200
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Cannon
                 mounted
                 upon
                 the
                 Bastions
                 ,
                 not
                 counting
                 in
                 those
                 which
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 Arsenal
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Arms.
                 In
                 one
                 Hall
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Cannon
                 that
                 kill'd
                 Marshal
                 Crequi
                 when
                 he
                 besieg'd
                 Breme
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 laid
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 it
                 may
                 never
                 be
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 again
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 Church
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Domo
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 largest
                 and
                 most
                 superb
                 in
                 all
                 Italy
                 ,
                 except
                 St.
                 
                 Peter's
                 in
                 Rome
                 ;
                 being
                 lin'd
                 with
                 Marble
                 within
                 and
                 without
                 ,
                 sustain'd
                 with
                 60
                 Columns
                 of
                 white
                 Marble
                 ,
                 which
                 three
                 men
                 can
                 hardly
                 fathom
                 ,
                 the
                 least
                 of
                 which
                 cost
                 1000
                 Crowns
                 ;
                 those
                 of
                 Adam
                 and
                 St.
                 Bartholomew
                 are
                 the
                 best
                 esteem'd
                 :
                 The
                 whole
                 Church
                 is
                 about
                 250
                 Paces
                 long
                 .
                 In
                 St.
                 
                 Anthony's
                 Church
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 Brazen
                 Serpent
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 would
                 make
                 you
                 believe
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 same
                 that
                 Moses
                 lifted
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Desert
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Theodosius
                 brought
                 it
                 to
                 Milan
                 .
              
               
                 Strangers
                 go
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Great
                 Hospital
                 at
                 Milan
                 ,
                 considerable
                 for
                 the
                 largeness
                 and
                 magnificence
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 conveniency
                 of
                 the
                 Building
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 good
                 order
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 endow'd
                 with
                 a
                 Revenue
                 for
                 the
                 maintenance
                 of
                 above
                 4000
                 Persons
                 .
                 The
                 Chambers
                 of
                 the
                 Sick
                 are
                 built
                 in
                 form
                 of
                 a
                 Cross
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Altar
                 open
                 on
                 four
                 sides
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 sick
                 People
                 go
                 to
                 say
                 Mass
                 at
                 their
                 going
                 to
                 bed
                 .
                 Besides
                 this
                 Hospital
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 another
                 upon
                 the
                 Moat
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 wherein
                 there
                 are
                 as
                 many
                 Chambers
                 as
                 there
                 are
                 Days
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 at
                 Milan
                 the
                 Ruins
                 of
                 Triumphal
                 Arches
                 ,
                 Baths
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Roman
                 Edifices
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 St.
                 Lanrence
                 ,
                 built
                 after
                 the
                 Model
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Roman
                   Pantheon
                
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 Temple
                 dedicated
                 to
                 Hercules
                 .
                 In
                 former
                 times
                 the
                 Emperors
                 were
                 crown'd
                 at
                 Milan
                 with
                 an
                 Iron
                 Crown
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 Alexandria
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Province
                 with
                 a
                 Crown
                 of
                 Straw
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 other
                 Cities
                 belonging
                 to
                 this
                 Duchy
                 are
                 
                   Coma
                   ,
                   Cremona
                   ,
                   Tortona
                   ,
                   Lodi
                   ,
                   Novara
                   ,
                   Valencia
                   ,
                   Pavia
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 which
                 are
                 all
                 considerable
                 in
                 some
                 respect
                 or
                 other
                 ;
                 but
                 my
                 purpose
                 is
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 Milan
                 and
                 Pavia
                 only
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 principal
                 .
              
               
                 Pavia
                 ,
                 regularle
                 fortified
                 ,
                 is
                 seated
                 in
                 a
                 Plain
                 upon
                 the
                 River
                 Tecino
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Cathedral
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 small
                 Mast
                 of
                 a
                 Ship
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 People
                 believe
                 to
                 be
                 
                 Rowland's
                 Lance
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 Nephew
                 to
                 Charlemain
                 .
                 St
                 ,
                 
                 Austin's
                 is
                 remarkable
                 for
                 the
                 Tomb
                 where
                 that
                 Saint
                 lies
                 Enterr'd
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Grand
                 Piazza
                 stands
                 a
                 Statue
                 of
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Constantine
                 ,
                 though
                 some
                 will
                 rather
                 have
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Antoninus
                 .
                 It
                 stood
                 formerly
                 at
                 Ravenna
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 was
                 remov'd
                 to
                 Pavia
                 .
                 And
                 History
                 observes
                 upon
                 this
                 Subject
                 ,
                 that
                 Laurec
                 the
                 French
                 General
                 having
                 taken
                 that
                 City
                 by
                 storm
                 in
                 1527
                 ,
                 a
                 Soldier
                 of
                 Ravenna
                 ,
                 who
                 enter'd
                 first
                 ,
                 desir'd
                 of
                 his
                 General
                 that
                 Statue
                 for
                 his
                 Reward
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 he
                 might
                 send
                 it
                 back
                 to
                 Ravenna
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 being
                 more
                 afflicted
                 with
                 that
                 loss
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 their
                 Estates
                 which
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 just
                 going
                 to
                 plunder
                 from
                 'em
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Lives
                 of
                 their
                 Country-men
                 ,
                 made
                 such
                 lamentable
                 Outcries
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 mov'd
                 the
                 Victor
                 to
                 let
                 'em
                 have
                 their
                 Statue
                 for
                 a
                 Crown
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 engag'd
                 'em
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 Soldier
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Pavia
                 is
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 a
                 University
                 ,
                 founded
                 by
                 Charlemain
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 in
                 734
                 ,
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 Didier
                 ,
                 the
                 last
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Lombards
                 ,
                 Prisoner
                 .
                 In
                 1525
                 ,
                 Francis
                 the
                 First
                 having
                 laid
                 Siege
                 to
                 Pavia
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 
                   Naples
                   ,
                   Charles
                
                 
                 the
                 Fifth
                 taking
                 advantage
                 of
                 that
                 Diversion
                 ,
                 gave
                 him
                 Battel
                 ,
                 which
                 prov'd
                 so
                 fatal
                 to
                 France
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 taken
                 Prisoner
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 into
                 Spain
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 happen'd
                 upon
                 St.
                 
                 Matthias's
                 day
                 ,
                 a
                 day
                 always
                 fortunate
                 to
                 that
                 Emperor
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 born
                 upon
                 that
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Imperial
                 Crown
                 upon
                 that
                 day
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 Of
                 the
                 Republic
                 of
                 Genoa
                 .
              
               
                 THE
                 State
                 of
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 Fief
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 which
                 possesses
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Mediterranean
                 Coast
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 call
                 
                   La
                   Riviera
                   di
                   Genoa
                
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 was
                 heretofore
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Ligurians
                 .
                 This
                 Republic
                 carries
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 
                   The
                   Capital
                   City
                
                 ,
                 which
                 some
                 will
                 have
                 to
                 derive
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 it
                 from
                 Janus
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 day
                 it
                 is
                 divided
                 into
                 the
                 Western
                 and
                 the
                 Eastern
                 Riviera
                 ;
                 being
                 bounded
                 by
                 the
                 River
                 Magro
                 to
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Principality
                 of
                 Monaco
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 ,
                 the
                 Mountains
                 of
                 Piemont
                 and
                 Milanois
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Ligustic
                 Sea
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Maritime
                 Force
                 of
                 this
                 Commonwealth
                 consists
                 in
                 Armed
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 carrying
                 between
                 60
                 and
                 70
                 Guns
                 apiece
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 security
                 of
                 Trade
                 .
                 Upon
                 a
                 case
                 of
                 Extremity
                 they
                 can
                 bring
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 30000
                 Foot.
                 There
                 are
                 about
                 69000
                 Souls
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 80000
                 in
                 the
                 Eastern
                 Riviera
                 ,
                 and
                 about
                 113000
                 in
                 the
                 Western
                 Riviera
                 .
                 The
                 Revenues
                 of
                 this
                 
                 Republic
                 amount
                 to
                 1200000
                 Crowns
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 engag'd
                 for
                 the
                 Debts
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 there
                 remains
                 not
                 above
                 150000
                 Livres
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 learnt
                 from
                 the
                 most
                 exact
                 Memoirs
                 drawn
                 up
                 by
                 a
                 Person
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 Employment
                 was
                 perfectly
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Finances
                 of
                 the
                 Republic
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Money
                 stamp'd
                 with
                 the
                 Arms
                 of
                 Spain
                 goes
                 currant
                 in
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 Weight
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 the
                 Republic
                 coins
                 
                   Pistolets
                   ,
                   Genoeses
                   ,
                   Piasters
                   ,
                   Reals
                   ,
                
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 small
                 Money
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Spanish
                   Pistole
                
                 is
                 worth
                 17
                 Livres
                 16
                 Sols
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 3
                 Piasters
                 ;
                 one
                 Genoese
                 goes
                 for
                 3
                 Piasters
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 .
                 The
                 Piaster
                 of
                 Perou
                 ,
                 which
                 weighs
                 a
                 French
                 Crown
                 ,
                 is
                 worth
                 4
                 Livres
                 16
                 Sols
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 a
                 French
                 Livre
                 amounts
                 to
                 32
                 Sols
                 of
                 Genoa
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Genoeses
                 are
                 very
                 expert
                 in
                 Sea-Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 contributed
                 very
                 much
                 toward
                 all
                 the
                 Enterprizes
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 undertaken
                 for
                 the
                 Conquest
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Holy
                   Land.
                
                 In
                 former
                 times
                 they
                 won
                 from
                 the
                 Infidels
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 of
                 
                   Corfu
                   ,
                   Sardinia
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Cyprus
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 the
                 Islands
                 of
                 Metelite
                 and
                 Chio
                 ;
                 and
                 have
                 been
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Coffa
                 and
                 Pera.
                 'T
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 present
                 they
                 are
                 despoil'd
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 Countries
                 except
                 Corse
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 they
                 have
                 no
                 other
                 advantage
                 but
                 that
                 of
                 a
                 Royal
                 Crown
                 affixed
                 over
                 the
                 Arms
                 of
                 the
                 Republic
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 
                   Most
                   Serene
                
                 .
                 The
                 Genoeses
                 are
                 proud
                 and
                 inconstant
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 sundry
                 sorts
                 of
                 Government
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 admitted
                 within
                 these
                 few
                 years
                 are
                 an
                 uncontroulable
                 Proof
                 .
                 At
                 present
                 they
                 keep
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 humour
                 of
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 ,
                 even
                 to
                 an
                 
                 Affection
                 of
                 their
                 Habit.
                 Nor
                 are
                 they
                 belov'd
                 by
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 among
                 whom
                 these
                 Characters
                 of
                 the
                 Genoeses
                 are
                 very
                 common
                 .
                 
                   Gente
                   senza
                   Fide
                   ,
                   Mare
                   senza
                   Pesce
                   ,
                   Monte
                   senza
                   Legno
                   ,
                   &
                   Donna
                   senza
                   Veregogna
                   .
                   A
                   people
                   without
                   Faith
                   ,
                   a
                   Sea
                   without
                   Fish
                   ,
                   Mountains
                   without
                   Wood
                   ,
                   and
                   Women
                   without
                   Modesty
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 Genoeses
                 differ
                 from
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 much
                 addicted
                 to
                 Trade
                 and
                 Labour
                 .
                 The
                 Gentlemen
                 drive
                 a
                 Trade
                 in
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Stuffs
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 sell
                 by
                 Wholesale
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 permitted
                 to
                 sell
                 by
                 Retail
                 ,
                 nor
                 to
                 keep
                 Shops
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 a
                 custom
                 in
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Parties
                 never
                 sign
                 the
                 Acts
                 which
                 are
                 pass'd
                 before
                 the
                 Public
                 Notary
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 are
                 the
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 Estates
                 and
                 Tranquility
                 of
                 Families
                 .
                 Nor
                 do
                 the
                 Witnesses
                 sign
                 their
                 Depositions
                 ,
                 neither
                 are
                 they
                 brought
                 Face
                 to
                 Face
                 with
                 the
                 Parties
                 accus'd
                 .
                 The
                 Nobility
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 have
                 either
                 directly
                 or
                 indirectly
                 any
                 private
                 Communication
                 with
                 any
                 Foreign
                 Ministers
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 a
                 Stranger
                 arrives
                 at
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 give
                 in
                 his
                 Name
                 to
                 the
                 Commissioners
                 appointed
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 they
                 have
                 leave
                 to
                 remain
                 four
                 days
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 without
                 which
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 admitted
                 into
                 any
                 Inn.
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 observable
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 a
                 Man
                 be
                 not
                 very
                 careful
                 to
                 carry
                 this
                 Permission
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 renew
                 it
                 in
                 case
                 he
                 intends
                 to
                 stay
                 any
                 longer
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 in
                 danger
                 to
                 be
                 seiz'd
                 by
                 the
                 Sbirri
                 ,
                 and
                 condemn'd
                 to
                 a
                 Forfeiture
                 of
                 5
                 Pistoles
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 they
                 proceed
                 to
                 the
                 Election
                 of
                 Senators
                 ,
                 several
                 persons
                 put
                 Money
                 into
                 that
                 which
                 
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Seminary
                 ,
                 as
                 into
                 a
                 Lottery
                 :
                 And
                 they
                 who
                 have
                 the
                 good
                 fortune
                 to
                 divine
                 who
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 five
                 Senators
                 ,
                 whose
                 Names
                 are
                 first
                 drawn
                 ,
                 among
                 a
                 hundred
                 and
                 twenty
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 small
                 Box
                 by
                 a
                 little
                 Boy
                 ,
                 such
                 is
                 the
                 multiplication
                 of
                 the
                 Money
                 at
                 that
                 sort
                 of
                 Play
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Man
                 who
                 has
                 ventur'd
                 10
                 Pistoles
                 ,
                 may
                 win
                 between
                 7
                 and
                 800.
                 
                 Which
                 thô
                 it
                 rarely
                 falls
                 out
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Accident
                 is
                 not
                 without
                 Example
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Genoeses
                 wear
                 Fardingales
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 they
                 frequently
                 embarrass
                 one
                 another
                 when
                 they
                 meet
                 in
                 the
                 Streets
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 very
                 narrow
                 .
                 One
                 day
                 ,
                 a
                 Lady
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 her
                 Fardingale
                 to
                 get
                 her
                 Son
                 out
                 of
                 Prison
                 :
                 He
                 was
                 about
                 18
                 years
                 of
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 condemn'd
                 to
                 die
                 .
                 His
                 Mother
                 having
                 leave
                 to
                 visit
                 him
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 her
                 last
                 Leave
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 put
                 him
                 under
                 her
                 Petticoat
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 born
                 up
                 by
                 a
                 circle
                 of
                 Steel
                 in
                 stead
                 of
                 Whalebone
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 Women
                 leading
                 her
                 as
                 she
                 went
                 along
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 custom
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 she
                 got
                 home
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 deliver'd
                 without
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 a
                 Midwife
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 day
                 sent
                 away
                 her
                 Child
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 Marseilles
                 to
                 Nurse
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 in
                 Genoa
                 are
                 built
                 with
                 Terrasses
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Women
                 go
                 to
                 dry
                 their
                 Hair
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 wash'd
                 'em
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 'em
                 look
                 yellow
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 State
                 in
                 Europe
                 that
                 has
                 submitted
                 to
                 so
                 many
                 sorts
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 Genoa
                 .
                 Not
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 exact
                 Enumeration
                 of
                 'em
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 acquaint
                 ye
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 were
                 first
                 subjected
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 to
                 the
                 Lombards
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 to
                 the
                 Emperors
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 from
                 the
                 year
                 1454
                 ,
                 to
                 1528
                 ,
                 Genoa
                 has
                 been
                 under
                 twelve
                 sorts
                 of
                 Government
                 .
                 She
                 has
                 been
                 rul'd
                 by
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 Podesta's
                 ,
                 Captains
                 ,
                 Governors
                 ,
                 Lieutenants
                 ,
                 Rectors
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 Abbots
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 Reformers
                 ,
                 Dukes
                 both
                 Noble
                 and
                 Popular
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Kings
                 of
                 France
                 have
                 been
                 in
                 possession
                 of
                 Genoa
                 at
                 several
                 different
                 times
                 .
                 In
                 1396
                 ,
                 this
                 City
                 was
                 surrender'd
                 to
                 Charles
                 VI.
                 and
                 in
                 1409
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 massacred
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 themselves
                 under
                 the
                 Marquiss
                 of
                 Montferrat
                 .
                 Four
                 years
                 after
                 they
                 chose
                 Dukes
                 .
                 In
                 1421
                 ,
                 they
                 submitted
                 to
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Milan
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 1436
                 ,
                 being
                 weary
                 of
                 that
                 Government
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 Dukes
                 again
                 ,
                 who
                 govern'd
                 'em
                 till
                 1458
                 ,
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 they
                 gave
                 themselves
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 Charles
                 VII
                 .
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 .
                 In
                 1461
                 ,
                 the
                 French
                 were
                 expell'd
                 to
                 make
                 way
                 for
                 the
                 Popular
                 Dukes
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 there
                 were
                 five
                 sorts
                 in
                 three
                 years
                 .
                 After
                 which
                 the
                 City
                 surrender'd
                 it self
                 to
                 
                   Francis
                   Forza
                
                 Duke
                 of
                 Milan
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 expell'd
                 in
                 1478
                 ,
                 after
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 Dukes
                 till
                 1488
                 ▪
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Milan
                 took
                 possession
                 of
                 it
                 again
                 .
              
               
                 History
                 informs
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Genoeses
                 having
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Lewis
                 XI
                 .
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 with
                 Offers
                 to
                 surrender
                 themselves
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 ;
                 that
                 Monarch
                 ,
                 who
                 foresaw
                 how
                 little
                 reason
                 they
                 had
                 to
                 rely
                 upon
                 the
                 Faith
                 of
                 a
                 People
                 so
                 inconstant
                 and
                 subject
                 to
                 rebel
                 ,
                 return'd
                 'em
                 for
                 Answer
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   if
                   they
                   gave
                   their
                   City
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   he
                   would
                   give
                   it
                   to
                   the
                   Devil
                   .
                
                 However
                 it
                 were
                 in
                 1499
                 ,
                 Lewis
                 XII
                 .
                 took
                 Genoa
                 by
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 ruin
                 it
                 by
                 Fire
                 
                 and
                 Sword.
                 But
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 having
                 laid
                 about
                 four
                 thousand
                 small
                 Children
                 in
                 the
                 Grand
                 Piazza
                 that
                 cry'd
                 out
                 for
                 Mercy
                 ,
                 The
                 King
                 touch'd
                 with
                 compassion
                 ,
                 pardon'd
                 the
                 Parents
                 in
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 innocent
                 Children
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 People
                 growing
                 never
                 the
                 better
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 revolted
                 in
                 1506
                 ;
                 the
                 French
                 retook
                 it
                 in
                 1507
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 expell'd
                 again
                 in
                 1512.
                 
                 The
                 next
                 year
                 they
                 got
                 possession
                 of
                 it
                 once
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 remain'd
                 Masters
                 of
                 it
                 till
                 1522
                 ,
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 taken
                 and
                 pillag'd
                 by
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 Charles
                 V.
                 Francis
                 I.
                 reconquer'd
                 it
                 in
                 1527
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 next
                 year
                 
                   Andrew
                   Doria
                
                 ,
                 a
                 Genoese
                 ,
                 who
                 commanded
                 the
                 French
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 revolted
                 ,
                 and
                 betraying
                 his
                 King
                 and
                 his
                 own
                 Honour
                 ,
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 Crown
                 to
                 deliver
                 Genoa
                 from
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 France
                 ;
                 and
                 since
                 that
                 time
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 govern'd
                 by
                 a
                 Senate
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 chief
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 is
                 chang'd
                 every
                 two
                 years
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 new
                 Government
                 is
                 Aristocratical
                 :
                 The
                 Duke
                 is
                 assisted
                 with
                 eight
                 Senator-Governors
                 ,
                 and
                 four
                 Procurators
                 ;
                 two
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 turns
                 ,
                 lodge
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Ducal
                 Palace
                 four
                 months
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 :
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Basis
                 and
                 Foundation
                 of
                 the
                 Republic
                 resides
                 in
                 the
                 Grand
                 Council
                 ,
                 compos'd
                 out
                 of
                 400
                 Gentlemen
                 chosen
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 and
                 new
                 Nobility
                 .
                 This
                 Council
                 deliberates
                 joyntly
                 with
                 the
                 Duke
                 and
                 the
                 Senators
                 of
                 whatever
                 concerns
                 Peace
                 or
                 War.
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 two
                 sorts
                 of
                 Noble
                 Families
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 dist●nguish'd
                 by
                 Antiquity
                 and
                 new
                 Creation
                 ;
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 is
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 28
                 ,
                 the
                 
                 others
                 are
                 in
                 all
                 437
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Duke
                 and
                 the
                 Senators
                 are
                 chosen
                 alternatively
                 out
                 of
                 these
                 two
                 sorts
                 of
                 Nobility
                 .
              
               
                 Philip
                 II.
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Successors
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Prospect
                 purely
                 politic
                 ,
                 have
                 insensibly
                 fasten'd
                 the
                 Genoeses
                 to
                 their
                 Interests
                 ,
                 by
                 borrowing
                 vast
                 Sums
                 of
                 Money
                 .
                 Philip
                 II.
                 borrow'd
                 two
                 Millions
                 of
                 this
                 Republic
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 never
                 repay'd
                 :
                 Quite
                 the
                 contrary
                 this
                 Sum
                 has
                 been
                 so
                 multiply'd
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 by
                 new
                 Loans
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 the
                 Interests
                 added
                 to
                 the
                 Principal
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 has
                 occasion'd
                 a
                 common
                 Saying
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   the
                   King
                   of
                
                 Spain
                 
                   holds
                   the
                
                 Genoeses
                 
                   faster
                   chain'd
                   to
                   his
                   Yoak
                   ,
                   then
                   if
                   he
                   were
                   in
                   possession
                   of
                   the
                   City
                
                 ;
                 In
                 regard
                 these
                 Republicans
                 must
                 be
                 either
                 Slaves
                 to
                 his
                 Catholic
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 or
                 lose
                 their
                 Debt
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Duke
                 must
                 be
                 at
                 least
                 50
                 years
                 of
                 Age
                 before
                 he
                 can
                 be
                 Elected
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 his
                 two
                 years
                 Regency
                 ,
                 he
                 cannot
                 obtain
                 the
                 same
                 Employment
                 till
                 after
                 the
                 expiration
                 of
                 12
                 years
                 .
                 He
                 can
                 admit
                 no
                 Visits
                 ,
                 give
                 no
                 Audiences
                 ,
                 open
                 no
                 Letters
                 that
                 are
                 directed
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 presence
                 of
                 the
                 Senators
                 that
                 are
                 lodg'd
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Palace
                 .
                 His
                 Robe
                 of
                 Ceremony
                 is
                 of
                 Red
                 Velvet
                 or
                 Damask
                 ,
                 made
                 after
                 the
                 old
                 fashion
                 ,
                 ruffled
                 below
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 pointed
                 Cap
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Stuff
                 with
                 the
                 Robe
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 term
                 of
                 his
                 Regency
                 is
                 expir'd
                 ,
                 which
                 falls
                 out
                 to
                 be
                 upon
                 the
                 13th
                 of
                 August
                 ,
                 at
                 14
                 a
                 Clock
                 and
                 half
                 an
                 hour
                 after
                 ,
                 he
                 repairs
                 to
                 the
                 Assembly
                 of
                 the
                 Colledges
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Secretary
                 of
                 the
                 Assembly
                 returns
                 him
                 Thanks
                 in
                 these
                 terms
                 :
                 
                   Vostra
                   Serenita
                   ha
                   fornito
                   il
                   suo
                   tempo
                   ,
                   vostra
                   Eccellenza
                   sene
                   vadi
                   a
                   casa
                   .
                   Your
                   Serenity
                   has
                   compleated
                   your
                   Time
                   ,
                   
                   you
                   may
                   return
                   home
                   again
                   .
                
                 Which
                 he
                 does
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 come
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 door
                 ,
                 he
                 returns
                 Thanks
                 to
                 the
                 Senators
                 and
                 Gentlemen
                 that
                 attended
                 him
                 ;
                 which
                 done
                 ,
                 he
                 puts
                 off
                 his
                 Red
                 Robe
                 ,
                 and
                 puts
                 on
                 his
                 Senators
                 Gown
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 wears
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 .
              
               
                 Three
                 Days
                 after
                 ,
                 they
                 proceed
                 to
                 the
                 Election
                 of
                 a
                 new
                 Duke
                 ,
                 the
                 Dean
                 of
                 the
                 Senators
                 performing
                 the
                 Function
                 .
                 Presently
                 the
                 Grand
                 Council
                 is
                 call'd
                 together
                 ,
                 which
                 names
                 Fifteen
                 Persons
                 proper
                 for
                 that
                 Dignity
                 :
                 out
                 of
                 these
                 Fifteen
                 the
                 Little
                 Council
                 chuses
                 Six
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 communicated
                 back
                 to
                 the
                 Grand
                 Council
                 ,
                 they
                 chuse
                 One
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 nevertheless
                 is
                 not
                 Crown'd
                 till
                 Three
                 Months
                 after
                 ,
                 thô
                 some
                 have
                 been
                 Crown'd
                 sooner
                 ;
                 and
                 among
                 others
                 ,
                 
                   Francesco
                   Maria
                   Sercaro
                
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 Elected
                 ,
                 and
                 Crown'd
                 the
                 same
                 day
                 .
                 The
                 Ceremony
                 is
                 perform'd
                 by
                 the
                 Arch-Bishop
                 of
                 Genoa
                 in
                 the
                 Cathedral
                 Church
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 the
                 Duke
                 and
                 the
                 Senators
                 are
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 Communion
                 twice
                 a
                 year
                 ,
                 at
                 Christmas
                 and
                 Easter
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lesser
                 Council
                 is
                 compos'd
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 the
                 Senators
                 ,
                 the
                 Colledges
                 ,
                 and
                 200
                 Gentlemen
                 ,
                 none
                 under
                 Seven
                 and
                 twenty
                 years
                 of
                 Age.
                 This
                 Council
                 is
                 Summon'd
                 together
                 by
                 the
                 sound
                 of
                 a
                 Bell
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 every
                 Gentleman
                 enters
                 into
                 the
                 Chamber
                 ,
                 an
                 Usher
                 in
                 a
                 long
                 Red
                 Robe
                 presents
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 wooden
                 Ball
                 Silver'd
                 over
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 throws
                 into
                 a
                 Bason
                 over
                 against
                 the
                 Duke
                 .
                 When
                 all
                 the
                 Noblemen
                 are
                 enter'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Door
                 is
                 shut
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Chancellor
                 counts
                 the
                 Balls
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 may
                 know
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 compose
                 the
                 Assembly
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 the
                 Duke
                 
                 has
                 made
                 known
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 their
                 Assembling
                 ,
                 the
                 Suffrages
                 are
                 gather'd
                 after
                 this
                 manner
                 :
                 A
                 Sub-Chancellor
                 distributes
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 a
                 white
                 Woollen
                 or
                 Linen
                 Ball
                 ;
                 and
                 another
                 Sub-Chancellor
                 gives
                 about
                 a
                 Black
                 Ball
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 Third
                 presents
                 'em
                 with
                 an
                 Urn
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 a
                 Pix
                 ,
                 where
                 are
                 Two
                 Pipes
                 the
                 One
                 for
                 the
                 Negative
                 ,
                 the
                 Other
                 for
                 the
                 Affirmative
                 ,
                 which
                 close
                 together
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 hand
                 of
                 him
                 that
                 throws
                 in
                 the
                 Ball
                 ,
                 covering
                 all
                 the
                 entrance
                 ,
                 it
                 cannot
                 be
                 discern'd
                 into
                 which
                 Pipe
                 he
                 puts
                 in
                 the
                 Black
                 or
                 the
                 White
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Decrees
                 of
                 this
                 Council
                 must
                 be
                 render'd
                 Authentick
                 by
                 a
                 Hunderd
                 thirty
                 four
                 Voices
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 Two
                 Thirds
                 of
                 the
                 Two
                 hundred
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Grand
                 Council
                 is
                 compos'd
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Colledges
                 ,
                 the
                 lesser
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 summon'd
                 together
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 the
                 Lesser
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Duke
                 also
                 Declares
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 their
                 coming
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 then
                 chiefly
                 call'd
                 together
                 when
                 any
                 Law
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 abolish'd
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 new
                 ones
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 ;
                 or
                 when
                 Plebean
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 admitted
                 into
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ;
                 or
                 for
                 the
                 laying
                 new
                 Taxes
                 or
                 Impositions
                 .
                 In
                 short
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 Assembly
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 resides
                 .
                 But
                 these
                 Matters
                 are
                 all
                 prepar'd
                 in
                 the
                 Lesser
                 Council
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 are
                 propos'd
                 in
                 the
                 Grand
                 ones
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 an
                 Arch-Bishoprick
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ;
                 Surnam'd
                 the
                 Superb
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Humor
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Magnificence
                 of
                 the
                 Buildings
                 ;
                 being
                 seated
                 by
                 the
                 Sea
                 side
                 upon
                 
                 the
                 Ascent
                 of
                 a
                 Hill
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Form
                 of
                 an
                 Amphi-Theater
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 surrounded
                 with
                 good
                 Walls
                 on
                 that
                 side
                 next
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 fortify'd
                 in
                 all
                 parts
                 where
                 it
                 lies
                 liable
                 to
                 be
                 attackt
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 about
                 Six
                 Italian
                 Miles
                 in
                 Circuit
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Streets
                 are
                 very
                 narrow
                 and
                 dark
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 .
                 Four
                 Gates
                 belong
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Magnificent
                 Palaces
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 good
                 Harbor
                 ,
                 tho'
                 the
                 entrance
                 into
                 it
                 be
                 somewhat
                 difficult
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 several
                 Rocks
                 that
                 lye
                 round
                 about
                 it
                 under
                 water
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 defended
                 by
                 a
                 Mole
                 which
                 the
                 Genoeses
                 built
                 since
                 they
                 revolted
                 from
                 France
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Mole
                 stands
                 a
                 Phanal
                 ,
                 fot
                 the
                 direction
                 of
                 Ships
                 that
                 Sail
                 along
                 the
                 Coast
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 time
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 situation
                 of
                 the
                 Lanthorn
                 ,
                 they
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 understand
                 what
                 Course
                 the
                 Vessels
                 steer
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 perceive
                 .
                 This
                 Phanal
                 is
                 built
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 where
                 Lewis
                 XII
                 K.
                 of
                 France
                 built
                 a
                 Fort
                 to
                 bridle
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 Genoa
                 an
                 Aquaeduct
                 ,
                 which
                 carries
                 the
                 Water
                 from
                 one
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 supplies
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Fountains
                 ;
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 furnish
                 the
                 Vessels
                 before
                 they
                 put
                 to
                 Sea
                 ,
                 with
                 fresh
                 Water
                 .
                 If
                 they
                 who
                 Sail
                 from
                 Genoa
                 to
                 Legorne
                 should
                 happen
                 to
                 want
                 Water
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 meet
                 with
                 a
                 Spring
                 of
                 fresh
                 Water
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Golph
                 
                   de
                   l'Esprece
                
                 ,
                 that
                 bubbles
                 up
                 through
                 the
                 Salt
                 Water
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 surface
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 still
                 preserves
                 its
                 sweetness
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Domo
                 (
                 for
                 so
                 are
                 all
                 the
                 Cathedrals
                 call'd
                 in
                 Italy
                 )
                 is
                 consecrated
                 to
                 
                   St.
                   Laurence
                
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 all
                 lin'd
                 without
                 side
                 with
                 Black
                 and
                 White
                 
                 Marble
                 ,
                 having
                 Three
                 Doors
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 ,
                 sustain'd
                 with
                 fair
                 Columns
                 of
                 Marble
                 .
                 The
                 Riches
                 within-side
                 also
                 ,
                 is
                 exactly
                 correspondent
                 to
                 the
                 out-side
                 Imbellishments
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 who
                 are
                 desirous
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Reliques
                 ,
                 are
                 oblig'd
                 under
                 a
                 forfeiture
                 ,
                 to
                 leave
                 their
                 Weapons
                 at
                 the
                 Door
                 .
                 An
                 Iron
                 Gate
                 with
                 Four
                 Locks
                 opens
                 into
                 the
                 Treasury
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Senators
                 keep
                 the
                 Keys
                 .
                 Among
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 they
                 shew
                 ye
                 a
                 Dish
                 all
                 of
                 one
                 Emrauld
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 would
                 make
                 ye
                 believe
                 was
                 presented
                 to
                 Solomon
                 by
                 the
                 Queen
                 of
                 Sheba
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Christ
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 at
                 his
                 last
                 Supper
                 with
                 his
                 Disciples
                 ;
                 adding
                 withal
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 Antioch
                 was
                 taken
                 ,
                 the
                 Genoeses
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 it
                 for
                 their
                 share
                 of
                 the
                 Booty
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 some
                 Authors
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 Christ
                 Eat
                 the
                 Paschal
                 Lamb
                 in
                 a
                 Silver
                 Dish
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Richard
                   Lassels
                
                 the
                 Famous
                 English
                 Traveller
                 has
                 observ'd
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 have
                 the
                 Ashes
                 of
                 John
                 the
                 Baptist
                 to
                 be
                 preserv'd
                 in
                 this
                 Cathedral
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 other
                 very
                 fair
                 Churches
                 in
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 I
                 forbear
                 to
                 say
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 Prolixity
                 ;
                 I
                 shall
                 also
                 say
                 nothing
                 of
                 the
                 Palaces
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 almost
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 there
                 are
                 Houses
                 .
                 Which
                 Magnificence
                 has
                 occasion'd
                 this
                 Remark
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Genoeses
                 are
                 the
                 Richest
                 Private
                 Persons
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 poorest
                 State
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 took
                 as
                 much
                 care
                 of
                 their
                 Private
                 Estates
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Venetians
                 of
                 their
                 Republick
                 .
                 But
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Palaces
                 ,
                 Prince
                 
                 Doria's
                 is
                 ,
                 without
                 all
                 contradiction
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 Superb
                 .
                 For
                 among
                 other
                 Rooms
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 in
                 it
                 a
                 long
                 Gallery
                 pav'd
                 with
                 Black
                 and
                 White
                 Marble
                 ,
                 Sixscore
                 Paces
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 Six
                 and
                 Twenty
                 
                 Broad
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 you
                 may
                 behold
                 all
                 the
                 Vessels
                 and
                 Ships
                 that
                 enter
                 the
                 Port
                 of
                 Genoa
                 .
                 The
                 Apartments
                 are
                 so
                 richly
                 furnish'd
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Governor
                 of
                 Milan
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 believe
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 all
                 belong
                 to
                 Doria
                 ,
                 told
                 the
                 Queen
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 to
                 take
                 Shipping
                 at
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 that
                 She
                 should
                 Lodge
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Noble
                 Palaces
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 sumptuous
                 Furniture
                 ,
                 was
                 borrow'd
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 most
                 wealthy
                 Houses
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 Doria
                 being
                 told
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 Queens
                 arrival
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 to
                 be
                 Engrav'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Gate
                 of
                 his
                 Palace
                 ,
                 
                   By
                   the
                   Grace
                   of
                   God
                   and
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   the
                   Whole
                   belongs
                   to
                   the
                   Master
                   of
                   the
                   House
                   .
                
                 In
                 his
                 Garden
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 large
                 Statue
                 of
                 a
                 Giant
                 ,
                 under
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 read
                 the
                 Epitaph
                 of
                 a
                 Dog
                 ,
                 that
                 while
                 he
                 liv'd
                 ,
                 had
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Crowns
                 a
                 year
                 allow'd
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 Maintenance
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 few
                 States
                 of
                 Europe
                 where
                 the
                 Civil
                 Policy
                 is
                 better
                 establish'd
                 then
                 at
                 Genoa
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 certain
                 Magistrates
                 who
                 are
                 call'd
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 
                   of
                   Abundance
                
                 ,
                 whose
                 Care
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 see
                 that
                 the
                 City
                 be
                 provided
                 with
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Meal
                 ,
                 Wine
                 and
                 Oil
                 for
                 a
                 whole
                 Year
                 (
                 how
                 Dear
                 soever
                 it
                 be
                 )
                 besides
                 what
                 comes
                 daily
                 to
                 the
                 Market
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 regulate
                 and
                 set
                 the
                 price
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Fertility
                 or
                 Scarcity
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 prevent
                 mis-management
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Quarters
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 more
                 especially
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 Courts
                 of
                 Judicature
                 ,
                 certain
                 Holes
                 in
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 all
                 People
                 have
                 the
                 liberty
                 to
                 throw
                 in
                 Accusations
                 against
                 those
                 whom
                 they
                 suspect
                 to
                 have
                 mis-manag'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 their
                 Imployments
                 or
                 Commissions
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 sometimes
                 without
                 any
                 other
                 Conviction
                 it
                 happens
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 misfortune
                 of
                 an
                 innocent
                 Person
                 to
                 be
                 punish'd
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 must
                 not
                 conclude
                 this
                 Chapter
                 ,
                 without
                 speaking
                 a
                 word
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 gave
                 the
                 occasion
                 to
                 the
                 Bombing
                 of
                 Genoa
                 in
                 1684.
                 by
                 the
                 French
                 Fleet.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 King
                 having
                 make
                 several
                 complaints
                 to
                 this
                 Republick
                 ,
                 by
                 Mr.
                 
                   S.
                   Olon
                
                 ,
                 his
                 Envoy
                 Extraordinary
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 proceeding
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 in
                 opposition
                 to
                 the
                 Interests
                 of
                 that
                 Crown
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 injuries
                 done
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 that
                 Minister
                 could
                 obtain
                 no
                 reasonable
                 satisfaction
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Second
                 place
                 ,
                 his
                 Majesty
                 demanded
                 of
                 the
                 Republick
                 ,
                 free
                 passage
                 by
                 Land
                 through
                 their
                 Territories
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 Salt
                 to
                 Cazal
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 erect
                 a
                 Magazine
                 at
                 Savona
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 of
                 Genoa
                 had
                 one
                 Key
                 ,
                 to
                 secure
                 'em
                 from
                 any
                 suspition
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 vended
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Savona
                 ;
                 which
                 the
                 Republick
                 refused
                 ;
                 and
                 not
                 so
                 contented
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 private
                 Treaty
                 with
                 Spain
                 against
                 France
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Republick
                 oblig'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 maintain
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 rais'd
                 in
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 the
                 Count
                 
                   de
                   Melgar
                
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 charges
                 of
                 the
                 Republick
                 ;
                 As
                 also
                 to
                 add
                 Six
                 more
                 Gallies
                 to
                 the
                 Six
                 already
                 prepar'd
                 ,
                 to
                 joyn
                 with
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Fleet.
                 The
                 most
                 Christian
                 King
                 therefore
                 ,
                 inform'd
                 of
                 their
                 Design
                 ,
                 commanded
                 his
                 Minister
                 to
                 know
                 their
                 Reason
                 ,
                 and
                 offer'd
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 his
                 Mediation
                 ,
                 or
                 his
                 Forces
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 occasion
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 the
                 Genoeses
                 were
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 accepting
                 the
                 King's
                 Proposals
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 return'd
                 haughty
                 and
                 ambiguous
                 Answers
                 ,
                 which
                 enforc'd
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 send
                 a
                 Fleet
                 thither
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 appearance
                 of
                 it
                 might
                 scare
                 'em
                 into
                 their
                 Duty
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 purpose
                 M.
                 
                   de
                   Signeley
                
                 ,
                 Minister
                 and
                 Secretary
                 of
                 State
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 aboard
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 being
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 the
                 Port
                 of
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 sent
                 for
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Senators
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 he
                 made
                 known
                 the
                 Causes
                 of
                 Resentment
                 which
                 the
                 Republick
                 had
                 given
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 come
                 to
                 demand
                 Satisfaction
                 :
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 they
                 might
                 prevent
                 the
                 mischief
                 that
                 threaten'd
                 'em
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 unrigg'd
                 the
                 four
                 new
                 Gallies
                 that
                 were
                 already
                 fitted
                 for
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 to
                 Paris
                 four
                 Senators
                 to
                 excuse
                 their
                 Miscarriages
                 to
                 his
                 Majesty
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 refused
                 to
                 accept
                 of
                 this
                 Expedient
                 ;
                 and
                 were
                 so
                 bold
                 as
                 to
                 let
                 fly
                 first
                 of
                 all
                 upon
                 the
                 King's
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 not
                 as
                 yet
                 committed
                 any
                 Act
                 of
                 Hostility
                 ;
                 which
                 drew
                 upon
                 'em
                 a
                 shower
                 of
                 Bombs
                 for
                 some
                 days
                 ,
                 that
                 ruin'd
                 a
                 good
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Palaces
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 some
                 reason
                 to
                 believe
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 stopp'd
                 there
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 the
                 Genoeses
                 besought
                 Pope
                 Innocent
                 XI
                 .
                 to
                 intercede
                 with
                 his
                 Majesty
                 in
                 their
                 behalf
                 ,
                 offering
                 to
                 give
                 his
                 Majesty
                 such
                 satisfaction
                 as
                 he
                 should
                 desire
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 therefore
                 ,
                 consented
                 to
                 an
                 Accommodation
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 Mediated
                 by
                 Ranuccio
                 ,
                 Bishop
                 of
                 Fano
                 ,
                 his
                 Holiness's
                 Nuncio
                 ,
                 with
                 M.
                 Colbert
                 ,
                 Minister
                 and
                 Secretary
                 of
                 State
                 ,
                 whom
                 his
                 Majesty
                 had
                 appointed
                 his
                 Plenipotentiary
                 〈◊〉
                 the
                 Marquis
                 
                   de
                   Marini
                
                 ,
                 Envoy
                 Extraordin●●●
                 from
                 the
                 Republick
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Treaty
                 was
                 Sign'd
                 at
                 Versailles
                 the
                 12th
                 of
                 
                   February
                   ,
                   1685.
                
                 
                 Ratifi'd
                 by
                 the
                 Republick
                 the
                 25th
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Month
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 Majesty
                 the
                 3d.
                 of
                 March
                 following
                 ,
                 the
                 substance
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 ,
              
               
                 
                   I.
                   That
                   the
                   Duke
                   then
                   Governing
                   ,
                   and
                   Four
                   of
                   the
                   Senators
                   should
                   repair
                   to
                   the
                   King
                   in
                   their
                   Ceremonial
                   Habit
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Duke
                   ,
                   speaking
                   in
                   behalf
                   of
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   should
                   in
                   the
                   name
                   of
                   the
                   Republick
                   ,
                   acknowledge
                   their
                   extream
                   Sorrow
                   for
                   having
                   displeas'd
                   his
                   Majesty
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   he
                   should
                   in
                   his
                   Speech
                   ,
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   most
                   submissive
                   and
                   respectful
                   Expressions
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   as
                   should
                   manifest
                   the
                   sincere
                   desire
                   they
                   had
                   to
                   merit
                   his
                   Majesties
                   Good
                   Will
                   for
                   the
                   future
                   ,
                   and
                   carefully
                   to
                   study
                   the
                   preservation
                   of
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   II.
                   That
                   the
                   Duke
                   and
                   the
                   Four
                   Senators
                   ,
                   at
                   their
                   return
                   to
                   Genoa
                   ,
                   should
                   exercise
                   their
                   Employments
                   ,
                   and
                   retain
                   their
                   Dignities
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   no
                   others
                   should
                   be
                   chosen
                   into
                   their
                   Places
                   during
                   their
                   absence
                   .
                
                 
                   III.
                   That
                   the
                   Republick
                   of
                   Genoa
                   ,
                   within
                   a
                   Months
                   time
                   ,
                   should
                   dismiss
                   all
                   the
                   Spanish
                   Forces
                   ▪
                   that
                   had
                   been
                   admitted
                   into
                   the
                   strong
                   Holds
                   and
                   Countrey
                   belonging
                   to
                   the
                   State
                   ,
                   and
                   should
                   renounce
                   from
                   henceforth
                   ,
                   by
                   virtue
                   of
                   this
                   Treaty
                   ,
                   all
                   other
                   Leagues
                   and
                   Associations
                   by
                   them
                   enter'd
                   into
                   ,
                   since
                   the
                   First
                   of
                   
                     January
                     1683.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   IV.
                   That
                   the
                   Genoeses
                   might
                   refit
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   ,
                   the
                   same
                   number
                   of
                   Gallies
                   which
                   they
                   had
                   three
                   years
                   agoe
                   ,
                   and
                   should
                   lay
                   up
                   those
                   that
                   they
                   had
                   since
                   Equipp'd
                   .
                
                 
                   V.
                   That
                   the
                   Republick
                   should
                   restore
                   to
                   the
                   French
                   all
                   that
                   they
                   could
                   recover
                   of
                   the
                   Effects
                   that
                   had
                   
                   been
                   taken
                   from
                   'em
                   in
                   the
                   City
                   and
                   Territories
                   of
                   Genoa
                   ,
                   the
                   King
                   consenting
                   ,
                   out
                   of
                   his
                   Royal
                   Compassion
                   ,
                   that
                   instead
                   of
                   Reparation
                   of
                   Damages
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   his
                   Subjects
                   might
                   pretend
                   ,
                   for
                   such
                   of
                   their
                   Effects
                   as
                   could
                   not
                   be
                   found
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Republick
                   should
                   engage
                   themselves
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   did
                   by
                   this
                   Article
                   ,
                   to
                   contribute
                   toward
                   the
                   Repair
                   of
                   the
                   Churches
                   and
                   Sacred
                   Places
                   endamag'd
                   by
                   the
                   Bombs
                   ;
                   the
                   King
                   referring
                   it
                   to
                   the
                   Pope
                   to
                   settle
                   the
                   Sum
                   that
                   should
                   be
                   thought
                   convenient
                   for
                   that
                   purpose
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   limit
                   the
                   time
                   for
                   bringing
                   those
                   Repairs
                   to
                   perfection
                   .
                
                 
                   VI.
                   That
                   the
                   Republick
                   should
                   pay
                   a
                   Hundred
                   thousand
                   Crowns
                   to
                   the
                   Count
                   
                     de
                     Fiesque
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   deduction
                   of
                   his
                   ancient
                   Pretensions
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   sole
                   consideration
                   that
                   the
                   said
                   Count
                   is
                   under
                   the
                   King's
                   Protection
                   ;
                   and
                   upon
                   condition
                   that
                   the
                   payment
                   of
                   this
                   Money
                   should
                   no
                   way
                   prejudice
                   the
                   Reasons
                   which
                   the
                   Republick
                   has
                   to
                   alledge
                   against
                   the
                   said
                   Pretensions
                   .
                
                 
                   VII
                   .
                   That
                   the
                   King
                   being
                   content
                   with
                   the
                   satisfactions
                   above-nam●d
                   ,
                   will
                   vouchsafe
                   the
                   Honour
                   of
                   his
                   Favours
                   to
                   the
                   Republick
                   of
                   Genoa
                   .
                
                 
                   VIII
                   .
                   That
                   all
                   Acts
                   of
                   Hostility
                   shall
                   cease
                   by
                   Land
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   day
                   of
                   this
                   Treaty
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   Sea
                   within
                   a
                   Month
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Pris'ners
                   on
                   both
                   sides
                   to
                   be
                   set
                   at
                   liberty
                   .
                
                 
                   IX
                   .
                   That
                   this
                   Treaty
                   shall
                   be
                   Ratify'd
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Ratifications
                   exchang'd
                   ,
                   at
                   farthest
                   within
                   Three
                   weeks
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 By
                 vertue
                 of
                 this
                 Treaty
                 ,
                 the
                 Republick
                 sent
                 the
                 Duke
                 
                   Francis-Maria-Imperiale
                   Lercaro
                
                 ,
                 then
                 ruling
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 four
                 Senators
                 ,
                 
                   Marcellino
                   Durazzo
                   ,
                   Paris
                   Maria
                   Salvago
                   ,
                   Giovanni
                   Garibaldo
                   ,
                
                 
                 and
                 
                   Agostino
                   Lomellino
                
                 ;
                 who
                 departed
                 from
                 Genoa
                 the
                 29th
                 of
                 
                   March
                   ,
                   1685.
                
                 attended
                 by
                 six
                 young
                 Gentlemen
                 appointed
                 by
                 the
                 Republick
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 arriv'd
                 the
                 10th
                 of
                 April
                 at
                 Lions
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 18th
                 at
                 Paris
                 ;
                 where
                 the
                 Duke
                 spent
                 about
                 five
                 and
                 twenty
                 days
                 in
                 preparing
                 his
                 Equipage
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 4th
                 of
                 May
                 had
                 his
                 Audience
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 at
                 Versailles
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 conducted
                 by
                 
                   M.
                   Bonnueil
                
                 Introductor
                 of
                 Embassadors
                 .
                 Some
                 days
                 before
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Nails
                 that
                 fasten'd
                 the
                 Cloath
                 of
                 State
                 of
                 his
                 Coach
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 away
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 a
                 distinction
                 that
                 belongs
                 to
                 none
                 but
                 Royal
                 Persons
                 ,
                 and
                 Sovereign
                 Princes
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 was
                 seated
                 upon
                 a
                 Throne
                 rais'd
                 ten
                 or
                 twelve
                 steps
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Great
                 Gallery
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 had
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 Dauphin
                 ,
                 Monsieur
                 the
                 King's
                 Brother
                 ,
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Bourbon
                 ,
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Main
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Count
                 of
                 Tholouze
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 
                 Genoa's
                 approach
                 he
                 rose
                 up
                 and
                 put
                 off
                 his
                 Hat
                 :
                 Then
                 he
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Duke
                 to
                 be
                 cover'd
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 four
                 Senators
                 remain'd
                 uncover'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Duke
                 made
                 an
                 elegant
                 Harangue
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 insert
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Chapter
                 .
                 Which
                 done
                 ,
                 the
                 Senators
                 also
                 made
                 their
                 Compliments
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 was
                 observ'd
                 that
                 the
                 Duke
                 was
                 uncover'd
                 all
                 the
                 while
                 the
                 Senators
                 spoke
                 .
                 The
                 Audience
                 being
                 over
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 Treated
                 at
                 Dinner
                 by
                 the
                 King's
                 Order
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Profusion
                 and
                 Magnificence
                 imaginable
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 Dinner
                 resuming
                 their
                 Ceremonial
                 Habits
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 put
                 off
                 before
                 they
                 sate
                 down
                 to
                 Dinner
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 conducted
                 to
                 wait
                 upon
                 Monseigneur
                 ,
                 the
                 Dauphiness
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Burgundy
                 and
                 
                   Anjou
                   ,
                   Monsieur
                   ,
                   Madame
                
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Princes
                 and
                 Princesses
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Family
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 was
                 observable
                 that
                 the
                 Senators
                 did
                 not
                 cover
                 till
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 
                 Chartres's
                 Apartment
                 .
                 They
                 returned
                 that
                 Evening
                 to
                 Paris
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 18th
                 and
                 23d
                 they
                 went
                 back
                 to
                 Versailles
                 in
                 the
                 Habit
                 of
                 Gentlemen
                 to
                 view
                 the
                 Apartments
                 ,
                 the
                 Water-works
                 ,
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 the
                 great
                 Horses
                 are
                 manag'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Castles
                 of
                 Trianon
                 and
                 Marli
                 .
                 The
                 26th
                 the
                 Duke
                 and
                 three
                 Senators
                 ,
                 Salvago
                 being
                 sick
                 ,
                 had
                 their
                 Audience
                 of
                 leave
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 departed
                 within
                 a
                 few
                 days
                 for
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 continu'd
                 in
                 their
                 Employments
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 usual
                 time
                 of
                 a
                 new
                 choice
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         The
                         Duke
                         of
                         Genoa's
                         Speech
                         to
                         the
                         King
                         at
                         Versailles
                         ,
                         May
                         14th
                         .
                         1685.
                         
                      
                       
                         
                           SIR
                           ,
                        
                      
                       
                         MY
                         Republick
                         has
                         always
                         held
                         it
                         for
                         one
                         of
                         the
                         fundamental
                         Maxims
                         of
                         their
                         Government
                         ,
                         to
                         signalize
                         themselves
                         by
                         a
                         profound
                         Veneration
                         for
                         this
                         great
                         Crown
                         ,
                         which
                         being
                         transmitted
                         to
                         your
                         Majesty
                         by
                         your
                         August
                         Progenitors
                         ,
                         you
                         have
                         exalted
                         to
                         so
                         high
                         a
                         degree
                         of
                         Power
                         and
                         Glory
                         ,
                         by
                         such
                         prodigious
                         and
                         unheard
                         of
                         Atchievements
                         ,
                         that
                         Fame
                         ,
                         upon
                         other
                         occasions
                         accustom'd
                         to
                         multiply
                         ,
                         proves
                         deficient
                         in
                         this
                         ,
                         not
                         being
                         able
                         should
                         she
                         lessen
                         'em
                         ,
                         to
                         render
                         your
                         Great
                         Actions
                         credible
                         to
                         Posterity
                         .
                      
                       
                       
                         Prerogatives
                         so
                         sublime
                         ,
                         that
                         they
                         enforce
                         all
                         States
                         to
                         look
                         upon
                         'em
                         with
                         a
                         most
                         profound
                         Obsequiousness
                         ,
                         and
                         have
                         particularly
                         induc'd
                         my
                         Republick
                         to
                         distinguish
                         her self
                         above
                         all
                         others
                         ,
                         to
                         manifest
                         it
                         in
                         such
                         a
                         manner
                         ,
                         that
                         all
                         the
                         World
                         may
                         be
                         apparently
                         convinc'd
                         of
                         it
                         :
                         And
                         the
                         most
                         terrible
                         and
                         fatal
                         Accident
                         that
                         ever
                         befel
                         her
                         is
                         this
                         of
                         incurring
                         your
                         Majesties
                         high
                         displeasure
                         .
                         I
                         cannot
                         therefore
                         proportionably
                         display
                         her
                         extream
                         Sorrow
                         to
                         have
                         offended
                         your
                         Majesty
                         ;
                         though
                         she
                         is
                         apt
                         to
                         flatter
                         her self
                         that
                         this
                         is
                         befallen
                         through
                         an
                         effect
                         of
                         pure
                         Misfortune
                         ,
                         nevertheless
                         she
                         is
                         desirous
                         that
                         whatever
                         may
                         have
                         dissatisfy'd
                         your
                         Majesty
                         ,
                         may
                         be
                         cancell'd
                         at
                         any
                         rate
                         ,
                         not
                         only
                         from
                         your
                         Memory
                         ,
                         but
                         from
                         the
                         Remembrance
                         of
                         all
                         Men
                         ;
                         she
                         not
                         knowing
                         any
                         way
                         to
                         alleviate
                         her
                         Afflictions
                         till
                         she
                         beholds
                         her self
                         restor'd
                         to
                         your
                         Majesties
                         inestimable
                         Favour
                         .
                      
                       
                         Therefore
                         ,
                         that
                         she
                         may
                         become
                         worthy
                         of
                         obtaining
                         it
                         ,
                         she
                         assures
                         your
                         Majesty
                         ,
                         that
                         all
                         her
                         most
                         intent
                         Applications
                         ,
                         and
                         most
                         sollicitous
                         Cares
                         shall
                         be
                         imploy'd
                         to
                         procure
                         not
                         only
                         the
                         preservation
                         of
                         it
                         ,
                         but
                         also
                         to
                         habituate
                         her self
                         to
                         increase
                         it
                         .
                         In
                         order
                         to
                         which
                         ,
                         not
                         content
                         with
                         expressions
                         the
                         most
                         proper
                         and
                         most
                         obsequious
                         ,
                         she
                         resolv'd
                         to
                         make
                         use
                         of
                         unusual
                         and
                         singular
                         forms
                         ,
                         sending
                         her
                         Duke
                         and
                         four
                         Senators
                         ,
                         in
                         hopes
                         that
                         by
                         such
                         special
                         Demonstrations
                         your
                         Majesty
                         will
                         be
                         fully
                         convinc'd
                         of
                         the
                         most
                         high
                         esteem
                         which
                         my
                         Republick
                         has
                         of
                         your
                         Favour
                         and
                         Good
                         Will.
                         
                      
                       
                       
                         As
                         for
                         my
                         own
                         part
                         ,
                         Sir
                         ,
                         I
                         acknowledge
                         it
                         for
                         my
                         greatest
                         good
                         fortune
                         ,
                         to
                         have
                         the
                         Honour
                         of
                         declaring
                         these
                         my
                         most
                         sincere
                         and
                         most
                         respectful
                         Sentiments
                         ,
                         and
                         prize
                         above
                         all
                         things
                         this
                         Opportunity
                         of
                         appearing
                         in
                         the
                         presence
                         of
                         so
                         great
                         a
                         Monarch
                         ,
                         who
                         invincible
                         for
                         his
                         Valour
                         ,
                         and
                         reverenc'd
                         for
                         his
                         unparallel'd
                         Magnanimity
                         and
                         Grandeur
                         ,
                         as
                         you
                         have
                         surmounted
                         all
                         others
                         in
                         Ages
                         Past
                         ,
                         so
                         you
                         secure
                         the
                         same
                         Prosperity
                         to
                         your
                         Progeny
                         .
                         From
                         so
                         happy
                         an
                         Augury
                         ,
                         I
                         assume
                         the
                         Confidence
                         ,
                         that
                         your
                         Majesty
                         ,
                         to
                         make
                         known
                         to
                         the
                         Universe
                         the
                         singularity
                         of
                         your
                         most
                         Generous
                         Soul
                         ,
                         will
                         incline
                         your
                         Heart
                         to
                         look
                         upon
                         these
                         Remonstrances
                         no
                         less
                         just
                         then
                         sincere
                         ,
                         as
                         Testimonies
                         not
                         only
                         of
                         the
                         Integrity
                         of
                         my
                         Heart
                         ,
                         as
                         of
                         the
                         Minds
                         of
                         these
                         Illustrious
                         Senators
                         ,
                         and
                         Citizens
                         of
                         my
                         Country
                         ,
                         who
                         with
                         Impatience
                         attend
                         the
                         reciprocal
                         Marks
                         that
                         your
                         Majesty
                         will
                         vouchsafe
                         to
                         grant
                         'em
                         of
                         your
                         Benignity
                         and
                         Kindness
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 V.
                 Of
                 the
                 States
                 of
                 the
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Parma
                 and
                 Modena
                 .
              
               
                 THE
                 Duke
                 of
                 Parma
                 is
                 a
                 Vassal
                 to
                 the
                 Holy
                 See
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 he
                 pays
                 a
                 Tribute
                 of
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 Crowns
                 for
                 his
                 Dutchies
                 of
                 Parma
                 and
                 
                 Piacenza
                 .
                 This
                 State
                 has
                 undergone
                 several
                 Revolutions
                 since
                 the
                 Decay
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Church
                 being
                 in
                 peaceable
                 Possession
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 
                   Alexander
                   Farneze
                
                 being
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 the
                 Pontificate
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 Paul
                 III.
                 erected
                 Parma
                 into
                 a
                 Dukedom
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 it
                 his
                 Son
                 
                   Peter
                   Farneze
                
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1545.
                 
                 But
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Charles
                 V.
                 disputed
                 the
                 Possession
                 of
                 it
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Duke
                 ,
                 who
                 died
                 Two
                 years
                 after
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 
                   Octavio
                   Farneze
                
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 being
                 powerfully
                 protected
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 secur'd
                 that
                 State
                 to
                 his
                 Successors
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Marriage
                 of
                 Margaret
                 of
                 Austria
                 ,
                 natural
                 Daughter
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Emperor
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Country
                 adjoyning
                 is
                 very
                 Ferril
                 in
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Wine
                 ,
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 but
                 more
                 especially
                 in
                 Cheese
                 ,
                 the
                 excellency
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 sufficiently
                 known
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 sufficient
                 to
                 say
                 that
                 they
                 make
                 some
                 of
                 these
                 Cheeses
                 that
                 weigh
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 pound
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 esteem'd
                 for
                 so
                 great
                 Delicacies
                 among
                 the
                 Turks
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 usually
                 serv'd
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Great
                 Turk
                 and
                 his
                 Visiers
                 at
                 their
                 Banquets
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 likewise
                 several
                 Wells
                 of
                 Salt
                 Water
                 in
                 the
                 adjacent
                 parts
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 draw
                 White
                 Salt
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 Iron
                 and
                 Copper
                 Mines
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Revenue
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Parma
                 amounts
                 to
                 Five
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Roman
                 Crowns
                 a
                 year
                 ,
                 which
                 make
                 Seventeen
                 hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 Livres
                 of
                 France
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 a
                 pinch
                 of
                 necessity
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 bring
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 Eighteen
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Subjects
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Parma
                 ,
                 Capital
                 of
                 the
                 Dntchy
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 the
                 Duke
                 keeps
                 his
                 Court
                 ,
                 is
                 divided
                 into
                 three
                 Parts
                 by
                 the
                 River
                 Parma
                 ,
                 over
                 which
                 are
                 built
                 Three
                 Bridges
                 that
                 joyn
                 the
                 whole
                 together
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 a
                 Bishoprick
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Arch-Bishop
                 of
                 Bologna
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Famous
                 University
                 ,
                 Founded
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1599
                 ,
                 by
                 
                   Ranuccio
                   Farneze
                
                 .
                 The
                 Citadel
                 consisting
                 of
                 Five
                 Bastions
                 ,
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 strongest
                 and
                 best
                 fortifi'd
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
                 Foreigners
                 always
                 visit
                 the
                 Dukes
                 Palace
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 most
                 Magnificent
                 Structure
                 ,
                 wherein
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 spare
                 made
                 of
                 Marble
                 ,
                 Jasper
                 or
                 Porphyrie
                 .
                 The
                 Gardens
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Palace
                 and
                 the
                 Cathedral
                 Church
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 Rarities
                 which
                 next
                 the
                 Palace
                 are
                 worthy
                 Observation
                 .
              
               
                 Piacenza
                 is
                 the
                 Second
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 
                 Parma's
                 Territories
                 ;
                 bearing
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 a
                 a
                 Dutchy
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Bishoprick
                 Suffragan
                 to
                 Bologna
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 thought
                 that
                 it
                 deriv'd
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 Situation
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 a
                 Plain
                 extreamly
                 Fertile
                 .
                 It
                 stands
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 River
                 Po
                 ,
                 being
                 about
                 Five
                 Miles
                 in
                 circuit
                 .
                 Near
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 ,
                 they
                 shew
                 ye
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 
                   St.
                   Anthony
                
                 call'd
                 down
                 Fire
                 from
                 Heaven
                 upon
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 derided
                 his
                 Name
                 .
                 Thô
                 what
                 is
                 more
                 considerable
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Fountain
                 in
                 the
                 great
                 Piazza
                 of
                 Piacenza
                 ,
                 which
                 Augustus
                 caus'd
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 
                   Alexander
                   Farneze
                
                 the
                 First
                 ,
                 a
                 Horseback
                 ,
                 in
                 Brass
                 .
              
               
               
                 MOdenois
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Medena
                 ,
                 lies
                 to
                 the
                 East
                 of
                 Parma
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 erected
                 into
                 a
                 Dukedom
                 by
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Frederick
                 III.
                 in
                 1452.
                 in
                 favour
                 of
                 
                   Borso
                   d'Este
                
                 .
                 The
                 Country
                 abounds
                 with
                 Plenty
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Dutchy
                 it self
                 ,
                 it
                 holds
                 of
                 the
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Modena
                 pays
                 a
                 yearly
                 Tribute
                 of
                 4000
                 Crowns
                 .
                 The
                 Revenue
                 of
                 it
                 amounts
                 to
                 about
                 a
                 Million
                 of
                 Italian
                 Livres
                 ,
                 which
                 make
                 Seven
                 hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 thousand
                 Livres
                 of
                 France
                 :
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 time
                 of
                 Need
                 ,
                 the
                 Duke
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 Arm
                 Five
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 Modena
                 the
                 Capital
                 of
                 the
                 Dutchy
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 usual
                 Residence
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 seated
                 between
                 the
                 Rivers
                 of
                 Sechia
                 and
                 Panaro
                 ;
                 and
                 altho
                 the
                 Streets
                 are
                 somewhat
                 narrow
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 pleasant
                 Habitation
                 .
                 Foreigners
                 go
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Duke's
                 and
                 the
                 Bishop's
                 Palaces
                 ,
                 the
                 Cathedral
                 and
                 the
                 Citadel
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 ,
                 however
                 very
                 remarkable
                 .
                 History
                 informs
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 Modena
                 was
                 formerly
                 a
                 Roman
                 Colony
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 after
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 
                   Julius
                   Caesar
                   ,
                   Brutus
                
                 was
                 there
                 in
                 vain
                 Besieg'd
                 by
                 
                   Marc
                   Antonie
                
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 of
                 
                   Rome
                   710.
                
                 
                 That
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 afterwards
                 ruin'd
                 by
                 the
                 Goths
                 and
                 Lombards
                 ,
                 and
                 rebuilt
                 under
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 the
                 Sons
                 Charlemain
                 :
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 near
                 Modena
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 of
                 
                   Rome
                   711
                   ,
                   Hirtius
                
                 and
                 Pansa
                 were
                 defeated
                 by
                 
                   Marc
                   Antonie
                
                 .
                 The
                 Steeple
                 of
                 Modena
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Highest
                 Towers
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 VI.
                 Of
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Mantua
                 .
              
               
                 THE
                 Duke
                 of
                 Mantua
                 holds
                 the
                 Fee
                 of
                 his
                 Territories
                 from
                 the
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 he
                 is
                 invested
                 .
                 Mantua
                 was
                 formerly
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 a
                 Marquisate
                 ,
                 till
                 by
                 Charles
                 V.
                 erected
                 into
                 a
                 Dukedom
                 in
                 1530.
                 
                 The
                 Duke
                 in
                 present
                 Possession
                 ,
                 is
                 of
                 the
                 Illustrious
                 House
                 of
                 Gonzaga
                 ,
                 He
                 assumes
                 the
                 Titles
                 of
                 Duke
                 of
                 
                   Mantua
                   ,
                   Montferrat
                
                 and
                 Guastalla
                 ,
                 Perpetual
                 Vicar
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 The
                 Country
                 is
                 seated
                 between
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 the
                 States
                 of
                 
                   Modena
                   ,
                   Venice
                
                 and
                 Milancis
                 ,
                 in
                 length
                 about
                 Fifty
                 Miles
                 ,
                 and
                 Forty
                 broad
                 .
                 The
                 Po
                 that
                 runs
                 through
                 it
                 ,
                 makes
                 it
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 fertile
                 Countries
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 Corn
                 ;
                 seeing
                 that
                 one
                 good
                 Harvest
                 is
                 sufficient
                 to
                 supply
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 for
                 Five
                 Years
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Inundations
                 of
                 the
                 Po
                 ,
                 the
                 Wine
                 's
                 a
                 little
                 Green
                 and
                 Sowre
                 .
              
               
                 His
                 Highness
                 may
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 bring
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Twelve
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Revenue
                 amounts
                 to
                 300000
                 Crowns
                 a
                 Year
                 ,
                 the
                 chiefest
                 part
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 raised
                 either
                 by
                 his
                 Mills
                 ,
                 or
                 upon
                 the
                 Jews
                 ,
                 who
                 give
                 considerable
                 Sums
                 for
                 liberty
                 of
                 Free
                 Trade
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 are
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 wear
                 Yellow
                 Ribonds
                 in
                 their
                 Hats
                 ,
                 to
                 distinguish
                 'em
                 from
                 the
                 Christians
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Mantua
                 is
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 the
                 Dutchy
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 seated
                 in
                 a
                 Lake
                 Twenty
                 Miles
                 in
                 compass
                 ,
                 that
                 fills
                 the
                 River
                 Mincius
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 way
                 to
                 approach
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 over
                 two
                 Causeys
                 ,
                 with
                 two
                 Draw-Bridges
                 at
                 the
                 ends
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 Lake
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 a
                 prodigious
                 quantity
                 of
                 Mills
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 remarkable
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 Three
                 in
                 one
                 House
                 that
                 serve
                 to
                 Spin
                 ,
                 Wind
                 ,
                 Double
                 and
                 Twist
                 Silk
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 manag'd
                 by
                 one
                 single
                 Man.
                 
              
               
                 This
                 City
                 is
                 very
                 Ancient
                 :
                 The
                 Poets
                 Virgil
                 and
                 Fass
                 were
                 both
                 born
                 in
                 Mantua
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 it
                 less
                 remarkable
                 for
                 the
                 Manufacture
                 of
                 Tabbies
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 rich
                 Silks
                 .
                 The
                 Streets
                 are
                 broad
                 ,
                 Straight
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 neat
                 .
                 It
                 contains
                 about
                 Four
                 miles
                 in
                 compass
                 ,
                 having
                 Eight
                 Gates
                 ,
                 Eighteen
                 Parishes
                 ,
                 Forty
                 Convents
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 particular
                 Quarter
                 for
                 the
                 Jews
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 Custom
                 observ'd
                 here
                 as
                 in
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Cities
                 of
                 Italy
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 your
                 entrance
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 you
                 are
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 leave
                 your
                 Fire
                 Arms
                 at
                 the
                 Gate
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 return'd
                 to
                 you
                 again
                 upon
                 your
                 departure
                 at
                 the
                 Gate
                 ,
                 which
                 you
                 go
                 forth
                 at
                 .
                 But
                 you
                 must
                 be
                 careful
                 to
                 mark
                 'em
                 that
                 you
                 may
                 know
                 'em
                 again
                 .
              
               
                 Travellers
                 take
                 great
                 delight
                 to
                 visit
                 the
                 Manufactures
                 ,
                 the
                 Town-house
                 ,
                 the
                 Cathedral
                 ,
                 the
                 Roof
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 all
                 over
                 Gold
                 and
                 Azure
                 ,
                 but
                 more
                 especially
                 the
                 Duke's
                 Palace
                 ,
                 which
                 without
                 Question
                 is
                 the
                 fairest
                 Ornament
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 without
                 good
                 reason
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Palace
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 lodge
                 five
                 Kings
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Retinue
                 ;
                 there
                 being
                 no
                 less
                 then
                 five
                 hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 Chambers
                 in
                 it
                 richly
                 furnish'd
                 
                 every
                 one
                 (
                 though
                 formerly
                 there
                 were
                 seven
                 hundred
                 .
                 The
                 Apartments
                 design'd
                 for
                 the
                 Lodging
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 Embassadors
                 ,
                 and
                 Cardinals
                 ,
                 are
                 proportionable
                 in
                 Magnificence
                 to
                 the
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 the
                 Person
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 entertain'd
                 in
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 Beds
                 embroider'd
                 with
                 Gold
                 and
                 Pearls
                 ,
                 Silk
                 Tapestries
                 emboss'd
                 with
                 Gold.
                 Six
                 Tables
                 about
                 three
                 foot
                 long
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 one
                 is
                 all
                 compos'd
                 of
                 Emraulds
                 so
                 well
                 joyn'd
                 together
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 would
                 swear
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 all
                 one
                 stone
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 one
                 compos'd
                 of
                 Turquoises
                 ,
                 a
                 third
                 of
                 Violet
                 Saphirs
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 Amber
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 of
                 Jasper
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 Noble
                 Organ
                 of
                 Alabaster
                 ;
                 After
                 which
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 needless
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 description
                 of
                 the
                 Gold
                 ,
                 Silver
                 and
                 pretious
                 Stones
                 that
                 glister
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Cabinets
                 ,
                 nor
                 of
                 the
                 Silver
                 ,
                 Brass
                 ,
                 and
                 Marble
                 Statues
                 that
                 adorn
                 the
                 Chambers
                 and
                 the
                 Galleries
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 question
                 but
                 that
                 every
                 thing
                 else
                 is
                 correspondent
                 to
                 the
                 Magnificence
                 of
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 who
                 is
                 the
                 Lord
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 Give
                 me
                 leave
                 to
                 say
                 this
                 by
                 the
                 by
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 Harnesses
                 for
                 Horses
                 all
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Pearls
                 and
                 Diamonds
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Arms
                 enrich'd
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 :
                 Chalices
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 Crosses
                 Basons
                 and
                 other
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 the
                 Chappels
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Cardinals
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 House
                 ,
                 all
                 enrich'd
                 with
                 Pearls
                 ,
                 Rubies
                 ,
                 Emraulds
                 and
                 other
                 pretious
                 Stones
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 add
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 this
                 Wealth
                 was
                 much
                 more
                 considerable
                 before
                 the
                 Palace
                 was
                 pillag'd
                 by
                 the
                 Emperour
                 
                   Ferdinand
                   the
                
                 Second's
                 Forces
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Conduct
                 of
                 Colalto
                 ;
                 who
                 made
                 himself
                 Master
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 1630.
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 the
                 Barbarism
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 satiated
                 with
                 the
                 Plunder
                 ,
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 broke
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Statues
                 ,
                 and
                 rare
                 pieces
                 of
                 Workmanship
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VII
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 State
                 and
                 Republick
                 of
                 Venice
                 .
              
               
                 WE
                 call
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Venice
                 the
                 whole
                 Extent
                 of
                 Territory
                 that
                 the
                 Republick
                 possesses
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 lower
                 
                   Lombardy
                   .
                   Venice
                
                 is
                 likewise
                 Mistress
                 of
                 
                   Istria
                   ,
                   Dalmatia
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Morea
                 ,
                 and
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Islands
                 of
                 the
                 Archipelago
                 .
                 This
                 Republick
                 is
                 the
                 only
                 Sovereign
                 State
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 being
                 Feudataries
                 either
                 to
                 the
                 Church
                 or
                 to
                 the
                 Empire
                 .
                 The
                 Air
                 of
                 Venice
                 is
                 not
                 wholsome
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 annoy'd
                 byt
                 he
                 stench
                 of
                 the
                 Canalls
                 ,
                 which
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 little
                 Society
                 that
                 Strangers
                 find
                 there
                 for
                 the
                 reasons
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 hereafter
                 mention
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 occasion
                 that
                 Travellers
                 care
                 not
                 to
                 reside
                 long
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 once
                 seen
                 the
                 Curiosities
                 that
                 beautifie
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Republick
                 is
                 addrest
                 to
                 by
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 
                   most
                   Serene
                
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 the
                 most
                 Potent
                 State
                 of
                 Italy
                 .
                 The
                 Revenue
                 of
                 it
                 amounts
                 to
                 about
                 Fifteen
                 Millions
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Venice
                 alone
                 pays
                 about
                 Two
                 Millions
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Thousand
                 Ducats
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 it
                 less
                 true
                 that
                 she
                 alone
                 contributes
                 
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 all
                 the
                 demeans
                 which
                 she
                 possesses
                 upon
                 the
                 firm
                 Land.
                 She
                 is
                 very
                 sparing
                 ,
                 and
                 lays
                 up
                 vastly
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 her
                 famous
                 Treasury
                 of
                 
                   St.
                   Mark
                
                 is
                 an
                 undeniable
                 Proof
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 a
                 time
                 of
                 need
                 ,
                 she
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 set
                 out
                 to
                 Sea
                 Two
                 hundred
                 sail
                 of
                 Ships
                 and
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Arm
                 400000
                 of
                 her
                 own
                 Subjects
                 .
                 In
                 times
                 of
                 Peace
                 she
                 always
                 keeps
                 Forty
                 Gallies
                 in
                 pay
                 ,
                 to
                 clear
                 the
                 Golph
                 of
                 the
                 Pyrates
                 of
                 Barbary
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Republick
                 is
                 at
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Turk
                 ,
                 she
                 always
                 makes
                 use
                 of
                 Foreign
                 Forces
                 ,
                 which
                 she
                 hires
                 out
                 of
                 Germany
                 and
                 other
                 places
                 ;
                 reserving
                 her
                 own
                 Subjects
                 to
                 People
                 her
                 Cities
                 and
                 her
                 Conquests
                 ;
                 which
                 nevertheless
                 does
                 no
                 way
                 diminish
                 her
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Money
                 which
                 she
                 lays
                 out
                 ,
                 is
                 all
                 spent
                 again
                 in
                 her
                 own
                 Territories
                 .
              
               
                 Almost
                 all
                 the
                 Money
                 currant
                 in
                 Italy
                 goes
                 at
                 Venice
                 ,
                 proportionably
                 to
                 their
                 weight
                 and
                 Alloy
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 the
                 Republick
                 Coins
                 Pistols
                 ,
                 Sequins
                 ,
                 Ducats
                 ,
                 Crowns
                 ,
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Twenty
                 four
                 Sols
                 ,
                 Twenty
                 Sols
                 ,
                 and
                 Gazettes
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 The
                 Sequin
                 is
                 worth
                 Seventeen
                 Livres
                 or
                 Two
                 Ducats
                 ;
                 the
                 Pistole
                 Eight
                 and
                 twenty
                 Livres
                 ;
                 the
                 Ducatoon
                 Six
                 Livres
                 Four
                 Sols
                 ;
                 the
                 Crown
                 Nine
                 Livres
                 ,
                 Twelve
                 Sols
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Gazette
                 ,
                 Two
                 Sols
                 .
                 The
                 Ducatoon
                 is
                 not
                 worth
                 above
                 Fifty
                 French
                 Sols
                 ;
                 and
                 between
                 Forty
                 Eight
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Sols
                 of
                 Venice
                 ,
                 make
                 a
                 Livre
                 of
                 France
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 not
                 without
                 reason
                 that
                 Venice
                 is
                 counted
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 richest
                 Cities
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 it
                 was
                 never
                 yet
                 taken
                 or
                 plunder'd
                 by
                 her
                 Enemies
                 ;
                 which
                 makes
                 it
                 a
                 common
                 Saying
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   
                   't
                   is
                   as
                   impossible
                   that
                   Money
                   should
                   be
                   wanting
                   in
                   the
                   Treasury
                   of
                
                 St.
                 Mark
                 ,
                 
                   as
                   Soldiers
                   in
                
                 France
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Venice
                 is
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 State
                 :
                 and
                 I
                 have
                 already
                 said
                 that
                 she
                 is
                 very
                 potent
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 may
                 add
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 she
                 had
                 but
                 plenty
                 of
                 Fresh
                 Water
                 ,
                 she
                 would
                 want
                 nothing
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 defect
                 proceeds
                 from
                 her
                 being
                 built
                 upon
                 Seventy
                 two
                 Fenny
                 Islands
                 .
                 Most
                 Authors
                 agree
                 ,
                 that
                 Venice
                 was
                 Founded
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 421.
                 of
                 Christ
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 others
                 more
                 precisely
                 add
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Building
                 was
                 begun
                 upon
                 the
                 25th
                 of
                 March
                 ;
                 which
                 day
                 is
                 principally
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 day
                 when
                 the
                 World
                 was
                 Created
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Incarnation
                 of
                 Christ
                 .
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Padua
                 were
                 they
                 who
                 Founded
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 Attila
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Hunns
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 laid
                 Aquileia
                 in
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 undertook
                 to
                 subdue
                 and
                 ruine
                 all
                 Italy
                 .
                 His
                 Cruelties
                 enforc'd
                 the
                 Paduans
                 and
                 other
                 People
                 that
                 inhabited
                 between
                 the
                 Alps
                 and
                 the
                 Golph
                 ,
                 now
                 call'd
                 
                   The
                   Golph
                   of
                   Venice
                
                 ,
                 to
                 shelter
                 themselves
                 in
                 certain
                 unwholsome
                 Fenns
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 421.
                 they
                 began
                 to
                 build
                 some
                 Houses
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 Rialto
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 proclaim'd
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Place
                 of
                 Sancturay
                 and
                 Refuge
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 in
                 process
                 of
                 time
                 those
                 Buildings
                 multiply'd
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 that
                 Venice
                 now
                 takes
                 in
                 Seventy
                 two
                 Islands
                 ,
                 joyn'd
                 together
                 with
                 450
                 Bridges
                 :
                 and
                 because
                 the
                 Soil
                 would
                 not
                 admit
                 of
                 any
                 solid
                 Foundations
                 ,
                 they
                 built
                 upon
                 Piles
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 do
                 at
                 Amsterdam
                 in
                 Holland
                 .
                 The
                 Bridge
                 of
                 Rialto
                 ,
                 over
                 the
                 Great
                 Canal
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 beautiful
                 in
                 Venice
                 ,
                 and
                 indeed
                 in
                 all
                 Europe
                 .
                 It
                 has
                 but
                 one
                 Arch
                 ,
                 all
                 of
                 Marble
                 ,
                 built
                 upon
                 6328
                 Piles
                 ,
                 and
                 border'd
                 
                 with
                 two
                 rows
                 of
                 Shops
                 .
                 The
                 situation
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 use
                 of
                 Coaches
                 in
                 Venice
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 goe
                 from
                 one
                 place
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 they
                 take
                 Water
                 in
                 Shallops
                 or
                 Boats
                 call'd
                 
                 Gondola's
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 the
                 Canals
                 are
                 cover'd
                 .
                 The
                 Canals
                 and
                 the
                 Bridges
                 are
                 Lin'd
                 with
                 a
                 White
                 shining
                 Stone
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Women
                 are
                 handsome
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Gown-men
                 very
                 severe
                 ,
                 this
                 has
                 occasion'd
                 a
                 Proverb
                 ,
                 which
                 admonishes
                 
                   Travellers
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   care
                   of
                   the
                   Women
                   ,
                   the
                   White
                   Stones
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Men
                   of
                   the
                   long
                   Robe
                   .
                
              
               
                 At
                 first
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Venice
                 was
                 Democratical
                 ,
                 under
                 Consuls
                 and
                 Tribunes
                 .
                 Every
                 Island
                 had
                 their
                 particular
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 that
                 assum'd
                 to
                 themselves
                 a
                 Petty
                 Sovereignty
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Jealousies
                 that
                 arose
                 among
                 'em
                 ,
                 were
                 the
                 occasion
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 709.
                 the
                 Tribunes
                 of
                 the
                 Twelve
                 Principal
                 Islands
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 Republick
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 elect
                 a
                 Chieftain
                 to
                 Command
                 'em
                 ;
                 and
                 first
                 of
                 all
                 they
                 cast
                 their
                 Eyes
                 upon
                 
                   Paolo
                   Lucio
                   Anafesto
                
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 they
                 gave
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Duke
                 or
                 Doge
                 .
                 This
                 First
                 Duke
                 and
                 his
                 Successors
                 Rul'd
                 with
                 Absolute
                 Authority
                 till
                 the
                 year
                 1172.
                 because
                 that
                 in
                 their
                 Life
                 time
                 they
                 caus'd
                 their
                 Sons
                 or
                 their
                 Brothers
                 to
                 be
                 chosen
                 to
                 succeed
                 'em
                 ;
                 and
                 went
                 about
                 in
                 that
                 manner
                 to
                 perpetuate
                 the
                 Ducal
                 Dignity
                 in
                 their
                 Families
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Principal
                 Citizens
                 abolish'd
                 the
                 Election
                 which
                 was
                 made
                 till
                 then
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 up
                 an
                 Independent
                 and
                 Sovereign
                 Council
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 elected
                 their
                 Duke
                 .
                 This
                 Tribunal
                 was
                 compos'd
                 of
                 240
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 indifferently
                 chosen
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 the
                 
                 Burgesses
                 and
                 Artificers
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 they
                 created
                 Twelve
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 to
                 oppose
                 the
                 Decrees
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 appear'd
                 to
                 be
                 unjust
                 .
                 This
                 Form
                 of
                 Government
                 lasted
                 till
                 the
                 year
                 1289.
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 Duke
                 
                   Peter
                   Gradenigo
                
                 chang'd
                 it
                 into
                 a
                 Real
                 Aristocracy
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 ;
                 all
                 the
                 Authority
                 being
                 devolv'd
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 a
                 certain
                 number
                 of
                 Families
                 ,
                 writ
                 down
                 in
                 a
                 Golden
                 Book
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Register
                 of
                 the
                 Venetian
                 Nobility
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 four
                 different
                 Councils
                 in
                 Venice
                 ;
                 the
                 first
                 which
                 is
                 called
                 the
                 Grand
                 Council
                 ,
                 compos'd
                 of
                 2000
                 Noblemen
                 ;
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 choose
                 all
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 Podesta's
                 ,
                 Generals
                 of
                 their
                 Armies
                 ,
                 Proveditors
                 ,
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 &c.
                 and
                 they
                 make
                 all
                 the
                 Laws
                 which
                 are
                 deem'd
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Welfare
                 of
                 the
                 State.
                 The
                 second
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregati
                 ,
                 which
                 determines
                 all
                 things
                 that
                 relate
                 to
                 Peace
                 or
                 War
                 ,
                 Alliances
                 or
                 Leagues
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 we
                 call
                 the
                 Senate
                 of
                 Venice
                 .
                 The
                 third
                 is
                 the
                 Council
                 call'd
                 the
                 Colledge
                 ,
                 compos'd
                 of
                 26
                 Noblemen
                 ,
                 that
                 gives
                 Audience
                 to
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 and
                 carries
                 their
                 Demands
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
                 The
                 fourth
                 is
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Ten
                 ,
                 which
                 judges
                 all
                 Crimes
                 against
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 redoubted
                 Council
                 in
                 Europe
                 .
                 This
                 Council
                 is
                 renew'd
                 every
                 Year
                 .
                 This
                 Council
                 every
                 Month
                 chooses
                 three
                 Inquisitors
                 of
                 State
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 always
                 taken
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ten
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 every
                 one
                 may
                 serve
                 in
                 his
                 Turn
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 this
                 Triumvirate
                 is
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 as
                 much
                 Power
                 over
                 the
                 Duke's
                 Life
                 ,
                 as
                 over
                 the
                 Life
                 of
                 the
                 meanest
                 Subject
                 ,
                 without
                 acquainting
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
                 
                 This
                 Council
                 has
                 cavs'd
                 several
                 Heads
                 of
                 Marble
                 to
                 be
                 plac'd
                 against
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 Palace
                 with
                 gaping
                 Mouths
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 these
                 words
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 read
                 ,
                 
                   Secret
                   Denunciations
                
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 they
                 who
                 have
                 any
                 accusation
                 against
                 any
                 Magistrate
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 person
                 holding
                 Criminal
                 Correspondence
                 ,
                 throw
                 in
                 little
                 Notes
                 .
                 And
                 upon
                 these
                 Accusations
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 upon
                 the
                 least
                 suspicion
                 that
                 they
                 put
                 People
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 sometimes
                 guilty
                 of
                 no
                 other
                 Crime
                 then
                 not
                 to
                 please
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 For
                 such
                 is
                 the
                 Policy
                 of
                 Venice
                 rather
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 the
                 Lives
                 of
                 the
                 Innocent
                 ,
                 then
                 to
                 let
                 the
                 Guilty
                 go
                 unpunish'd
                 .
                 We
                 must
                 not
                 forget
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 betake
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 are
                 excluded
                 from
                 all
                 their
                 Councils
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 all
                 Employments
                 in
                 the
                 State
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 Court
                 of
                 Rome
                 from
                 having
                 any
                 knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Secrets
                 of
                 the
                 State.
                 
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 Spirituals
                 ,
                 Venice
                 is
                 govern'd
                 by
                 a
                 Patriarch
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 a
                 particular
                 Rubrick
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 his
                 Commands
                 and
                 Orders
                 never
                 sets
                 any
                 other
                 Titles
                 ,
                 than
                 N.
                 
                   divina
                   misericordia
                   Venetiarum
                   Patriarcha
                
                 ,
                 without
                 ever
                 adding
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 Prelates
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Church
                 ,
                 
                   Et
                   Sanctae
                   sedis
                   Apostolicae
                   gratia
                
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 no
                 Member
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 He
                 is
                 Primate
                 of
                 Dalmatia
                 ,
                 and
                 Metropolitan
                 of
                 the
                 Archbishopricks
                 of
                 Candy
                 and
                 
                   Corfu
                   .
                   Venice
                
                 has
                 also
                 another
                 Patriarch
                 within
                 her
                 Territories
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 Patriarch
                 of
                 Aquileia
                 ,
                 who
                 resides
                 at
                 Vdena
                 in
                 Friuli
                 ,
                 And
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Aquileia
                 now
                 belongs
                 to
                 the
                 Emperour
                 ,
                 he
                 pretends
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 Right
                 to
                 appoint
                 the
                 Patriarch
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Venetians
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 the
                 Patriarchate
                 may
                 
                 never
                 become
                 vacant
                 ,
                 have
                 empowr'd
                 the
                 Patriarch
                 to
                 nominate
                 a
                 Coadjutor
                 and
                 Successor
                 ,
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 is
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 that
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Senate
                 presently
                 confirms
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 deem
                 him
                 worthy
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Employment
                 of
                 Duke
                 of
                 Venice
                 is
                 for
                 life
                 ,
                 and
                 generally
                 they
                 choose
                 to
                 that
                 Dignity
                 an
                 Old
                 Man
                 ,
                 who
                 has
                 been
                 Ambassador
                 in
                 the
                 principal
                 Courts
                 of
                 Europe
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 is
                 perfectly
                 acquainted
                 with
                 Forreign
                 Countries
                 .
                 He
                 cannot
                 stir
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Laguna
                 without
                 leave
                 ,
                 and
                 can
                 do
                 nothing
                 without
                 the
                 Advice
                 of
                 his
                 Counsellors
                 which
                 are
                 allotted
                 him
                 ,
                 chosen
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 Gentlemen
                 of
                 the
                 Republick
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Duke
                 gives
                 his
                 Opinion
                 in
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 he
                 has
                 but
                 one
                 Voice
                 ;
                 but
                 his
                 suffrage
                 goes
                 for
                 two
                 in
                 the
                 Grand
                 Council
                 .
                 The
                 Duke
                 is
                 clad
                 in
                 a
                 Purple
                 Robe
                 with
                 hanging
                 Sleeves
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 parades
                 upon
                 any
                 publick
                 Ceremony
                 ,
                 he
                 walks
                 under
                 a
                 Canopy
                 of
                 Cloth
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 eight
                 Silver
                 Trumpets
                 marching
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Youth
                 carrying
                 a
                 Torch
                 of
                 white
                 Wax
                 ;
                 a
                 Sword
                 is
                 also
                 carried
                 before
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 mark
                 of
                 his
                 dependency
                 .
                 All
                 Declarations
                 and
                 Letters
                 of
                 State
                 are
                 written
                 in
                 his
                 Name
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Money
                 is
                 also
                 stamp'd
                 with
                 his
                 Portraiture
                 ,
                 though
                 there
                 is
                 always
                 on
                 the
                 Reverse
                 a
                 Lyon
                 and
                 the
                 Image
                 of
                 St.
                 Mark
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Duke
                 kneeling
                 before
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Duke
                 is
                 Elected
                 after
                 the
                 following
                 manner
                 :
                 The
                 Grand
                 Council
                 being
                 assembl'd
                 at
                 the
                 hour
                 prefix'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Door
                 is
                 shut
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 counted
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 those
                 in
                 the
                 Hall
                 ,
                 they
                 throw
                 into
                 a
                 Bason
                 an
                 equal
                 number
                 of
                 little
                 Balls
                 ,
                 among
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 thirty
                 guilt
                 ;
                 and
                 
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 well
                 jumbl'd
                 and
                 mix'd
                 ,
                 every
                 Gentleman
                 goes
                 and
                 takes
                 one
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 Thirty
                 that
                 have
                 the
                 Golden
                 Balls
                 ,
                 assemble
                 together
                 in
                 another
                 Room
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 are
                 ready
                 prepar'd
                 as
                 many
                 little
                 Balls
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 but
                 Nine
                 guilt
                 .
                 These
                 Nine
                 Gentlemen
                 whose
                 chance
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 light
                 upon
                 the
                 Nine
                 guilt
                 Balls
                 ,
                 choose
                 out
                 forty
                 Gentlemen
                 of
                 the
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 which
                 forty
                 are
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 Twelve
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 the
                 guilt
                 Balls
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 Twelve
                 elect
                 Five
                 and
                 twenty
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 Nine
                 .
                 Those
                 Nine
                 choose
                 out
                 Forty
                 five
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 reduced
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 Eleven
                 ,
                 who
                 choose
                 out
                 One
                 and
                 forty
                 Gentlemen
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 Elect
                 the
                 Duke
                 .
                 This
                 Tedious
                 Ballating
                 prevents
                 the
                 Effects
                 of
                 Canvossing
                 .
                 Now
                 when
                 these
                 Electors
                 are
                 approv'd
                 by
                 the
                 Grand
                 Council
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 shut
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Palace
                 of
                 St
                 ,
                 Mark
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 never
                 stir
                 till
                 they
                 have
                 Elected
                 the
                 Duke
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 the
                 Election
                 be
                 authentick
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 corroborated
                 by
                 Five
                 and
                 twenty
                 Suffrages
                 ;
                 and
                 while
                 the
                 Electors
                 are
                 thus
                 shut
                 up
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 carefully
                 guarded
                 ,
                 and
                 diligently
                 lookt
                 after
                 ,
                 almost
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 the
                 Cardinals
                 in
                 the
                 Conclave
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Venetian
                 Nobility
                 is
                 distinguish'd
                 into
                 four
                 Classes
                 :
                 The
                 first
                 comprehends
                 the
                 Families
                 descended
                 from
                 the
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 709.
                 were
                 the
                 Electors
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 Duke
                 of
                 Venice
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 have
                 continu'd
                 by
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Miracle
                 to
                 this
                 present
                 time
                 .
                 Those
                 Twelve
                 Electoral
                 Families
                 are
                 the
                 Contarini
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Morosini
                   ,
                   Badouari
                   ,
                   Ziopoli
                   ,
                   Micheli
                   ,
                   Sanudi
                   ,
                   Gradenighi
                   ,
                   Meonni
                   ,
                   Falieri
                   ,
                   Dandoli
                   ,
                   Polani
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Barozzi
                 .
                 
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 other
                 four
                 Noble
                 Families
                 that
                 have
                 continu'd
                 in
                 a
                 Lineal
                 Succession
                 ever
                 since
                 the
                 Year
                 800
                 ,
                 viz.
                 The
                 
                   Justiniani
                   ,
                   Cornari
                   ,
                   Bragadini
                
                 and
                 Bembi
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 reason
                 the
                 first
                 are
                 vulgarly
                 call'd
                 the
                 Twelve
                 Apostles
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 latter
                 the
                 four
                 Evangelists
                 .
                 The
                 second
                 Classis
                 of
                 Noblemen
                 ,
                 are
                 they
                 that
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 enregister'd
                 in
                 the
                 Golden
                 Book
                 ▪
                 when
                 Gradenigo
                 the
                 Duke
                 settled
                 the
                 Aristocracy
                 in
                 1289.
                 
                 The
                 third
                 comprehends
                 about
                 fourscore
                 and
                 ten
                 or
                 a
                 hundred
                 Families
                 ,
                 who
                 purchas'd
                 their
                 Nobility
                 for
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Ducats
                 apiece
                 .
                 These
                 Noblemen
                 are
                 never
                 employ'd
                 in
                 the
                 high
                 Preferments
                 of
                 the
                 Republick
                 .
                 The
                 fourth
                 Order
                 of
                 Nobility
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 the
                 Republick
                 confers
                 upon
                 Forreign
                 Princes
                 and
                 other
                 Illustrious
                 Personages
                 .
                 Thus
                 Hen.
                 III.
                 and
                 Hen.
                 IV.
                 of
                 France
                 were
                 admitted
                 into
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 Venice
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Noble
                 Venetians
                 walk
                 the
                 Streets
                 in
                 a
                 long
                 Black
                 Robe
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Bonnet
                 of
                 black
                 Tissue
                 ,
                 border'd
                 with
                 a
                 Fringe
                 that
                 hangs
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 and
                 falls
                 down
                 over
                 their
                 Hair
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 suffer'd
                 to
                 wear
                 Perriwigs
                 ;
                 their
                 Gowns
                 are
                 open
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 discover
                 a
                 rich
                 Cassock
                 ;
                 their
                 Shooes
                 are
                 all
                 of
                 black
                 Spanish
                 Leather
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 their
                 Gate
                 and
                 Aire
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 very
                 Grave
                 and
                 Majestick
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 Nobility
                 of
                 theirs
                 deprives
                 'em
                 of
                 the
                 freedom
                 of
                 conversing
                 with
                 Forreigners
                 :
                 Nor
                 will
                 their
                 Jealousie
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 permit
                 'em
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 to
                 give
                 Strangers
                 a
                 Visit
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 pay
                 the
                 least
                 Civility
                 to
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 their
                 Wives
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 other
                 person
                 belonging
                 to
                 their
                 Retinue
                 ,
                 without
                 express
                 leave
                 from
                 the
                 
                 Senate
                 .
                 Nor
                 dare
                 they
                 speak
                 to
                 a
                 Venetian
                 Merchant
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 be
                 known
                 to
                 frequent
                 a
                 Forreign
                 Minister's
                 House
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 thus
                 discours'd
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 both
                 Politick
                 and
                 Ecclesiastick
                 of
                 Venice
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 speak
                 one
                 word
                 of
                 what
                 is
                 most
                 worthy
                 the
                 Curious
                 Observation
                 of
                 Travellers
                 .
                 If
                 they
                 happen
                 to
                 be
                 there
                 at
                 the
                 Festival
                 of
                 the
                 Ascension
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 see
                 the
                 Ceremony
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 annually
                 perform'd
                 upon
                 that
                 Day
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Duke's
                 Espousing
                 the
                 Sea.
                 At
                 what
                 time
                 the
                 Duke
                 and
                 the
                 Senators
                 in
                 their
                 Purple
                 Robes
                 ,
                 accompanied
                 by
                 the
                 Patriarch
                 ,
                 the
                 Pope's
                 Nuncio
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 go
                 aboard
                 the
                 Bucentaure
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Galley
                 with
                 several
                 Decks
                 ,
                 guilded
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Crimson
                 Velvet
                 with
                 broad
                 Gold
                 Fringes
                 ;
                 and
                 attended
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Nobility
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 in
                 four
                 or
                 five
                 Thousand
                 Gondola's
                 and
                 other
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 rows
                 forward
                 within
                 a
                 Mile
                 of
                 the
                 Main
                 Sea.
                 And
                 then
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 Duke
                 Espouses
                 the
                 Golf
                 of
                 the
                 Adriatick
                 Sea
                 ,
                 in
                 Testimony
                 that
                 the
                 Republick
                 is
                 the
                 Mistress
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Ceremony
                 of
                 this
                 Espousal
                 is
                 perform'd
                 by
                 casting
                 a
                 Gold
                 Ring
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 saying
                 these
                 words
                 ,
                 
                   We
                   Espouse
                   Thee
                   our
                   Sea
                   ,
                   as
                   a
                   Mark
                   of
                   real
                   and
                   perpetual
                   Superiority
                   .
                
                 After
                 which
                 the
                 Patriarch
                 gives
                 his
                 Benediction
                 ,
                 accompanied
                 with
                 the
                 roaring
                 of
                 the
                 Canon
                 .
                 Thence
                 they
                 go
                 to
                 hear
                 Mass
                 upon
                 the
                 Lido
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Duke
                 treats
                 all
                 the
                 Senators
                 and
                 Great
                 Lords
                 .
                 Alexander
                 III.
                 instituted
                 this
                 Ceremony
                 as
                 a
                 Mark
                 of
                 Gratitude
                 to
                 the
                 Republick
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 so
                 strenuously
                 upheld
                 him
                 against
                 the
                 Prosecutions
                 ,
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Emperour
                 
                   Frederick
                   Barbarossa
                
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 is
                 an
                 Errour
                 to
                 believe
                 upon
                 the
                 Credit
                 of
                 some
                 Historians
                 ,
                 ill
                 inform'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Republick
                 of
                 Venice
                 held
                 the
                 Soveraignty
                 of
                 the
                 Adriatick
                 ,
                 by
                 Donation
                 from
                 that
                 Pope
                 ;
                 for
                 besides
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 never
                 disputed
                 with
                 the
                 Venetians
                 ,
                 the
                 Holy
                 See
                 never
                 had
                 ,
                 nor
                 ever
                 pretended
                 to
                 any
                 Right
                 over
                 the
                 Adriatick
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 that
                 same
                 Pontiff
                 could
                 never
                 bestow
                 upon
                 the
                 Republick
                 a
                 thing
                 that
                 never
                 was
                 in
                 his
                 power
                 to
                 give
                 .
                 And
                 there
                 needs
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 to
                 read
                 the
                 Pope's
                 own
                 words
                 to
                 the
                 Duke
                 Ziani
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 acknowledg'd
                 the
                 Republick's
                 Right
                 ,
                 and
                 instituted
                 the
                 Ceremony
                 of
                 Espousing
                 the
                 Sea.
                 Receive
                 (
                 said
                 he
                 )
                 
                   this
                   Ring
                   ,
                   to
                   give
                   it
                   every
                   Year
                   upon
                   the
                   same
                   Day
                   to
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   your
                   lawful
                   Spouse
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   your
                   Posterity
                   may
                   know
                   that
                   the
                   Sea
                   belongs
                   to
                   You
                   by
                   Right
                   of
                   Arms.
                   
                
              
               
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 Church
                 was
                 formerly
                 dedicated
                 to
                 St.
                 Theodore
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 St.
                 Mark
                 was
                 brought
                 thither
                 from
                 Alexandria
                 ,
                 the
                 City
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 that
                 Saint
                 for
                 her
                 Patron
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Church
                 is
                 Consecrated
                 under
                 his
                 Name
                 ;
                 being
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Beautiful
                 Edifices
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 and
                 what
                 is
                 more
                 surprizing
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 such
                 a
                 weighty
                 Bulk
                 should
                 have
                 no
                 other
                 Foundation
                 then
                 Piles
                 .
                 The
                 Tower
                 which
                 serves
                 for
                 a
                 Steeple
                 ,
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 highest
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
                 The
                 Church
                 is
                 built
                 of
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 Marble
                 of
                 all
                 Colours
                 ,
                 the
                 finest
                 in
                 all
                 Italy
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Floor
                 is
                 pav'd
                 with
                 Jasper
                 and
                 Porphyrie
                 wrought
                 in
                 Mosaick
                 work
                 .
                 The
                 chief
                 Altar
                 is
                 sustain'd
                 by
                 four
                 large
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 in
                 Releif
                 you
                 see
                 engrav'd
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 Old
                 and
                 New
                 Testament
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 over
                 it
                 stands
                 a
                 Globe
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 enrich'd
                 with
                 Pearles
                 and
                 Diamonds
                 .
                 The
                 Chappel
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 Sacrament
                 is
                 supported
                 by
                 four
                 Columns
                 of
                 Alablaster
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 had
                 been
                 Pillars
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Solomon
                 .
                 The
                 Church
                 divided
                 into
                 five
                 Domes
                 ,
                 is
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 four
                 Brass
                 Gates
                 ;
                 over
                 the
                 Principal
                 of
                 which
                 stand
                 four
                 Horses
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Mettal
                 guilt
                 ,
                 made
                 formerly
                 on
                 purpose
                 for
                 the
                 Triumphal
                 Arch
                 erected
                 at
                 Rome
                 in
                 Honour
                 of
                 Nero
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 vanquish'd
                 the
                 Parthians
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 carry'd
                 to
                 Constantinople
                 ,
                 to
                 adorn
                 
                 Constantine's
                 Triumphal
                 Arch
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 brought
                 away
                 by
                 the
                 Venetians
                 when
                 they
                 sack'd
                 that
                 great
                 City
                 .
                 This
                 wonderful
                 Structure
                 is
                 supported
                 by
                 thirty
                 six
                 Columns
                 of
                 Marble
                 two
                 foot
                 in
                 Diameter
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 ascent
                 to
                 the
                 Steeple
                 which
                 is
                 246
                 Foot
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 40
                 broad
                 ,
                 is
                 so
                 made
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 easie
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 Stairs
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Treasury
                 of
                 this
                 Church
                 encloses
                 a
                 vast
                 heap
                 of
                 immense
                 Riches
                 .
                 Among
                 other
                 things
                 Twelve
                 Regal
                 Crowns
                 ,
                 and
                 Twelve
                 Corslets
                 of
                 Massie
                 Gold
                 ,
                 enrich'd
                 with
                 Pearls
                 and
                 Diamonds
                 .
                 Ten
                 Rubies
                 of
                 eight
                 Ounces
                 each
                 .
                 One
                 Saphir
                 of
                 ten
                 Ounces
                 :
                 A
                 Vessel
                 all
                 of
                 one
                 single
                 Emrauld
                 :
                 A
                 Dish
                 of
                 one
                 single
                 Turquoise
                 :
                 A
                 Pail
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 water
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 but
                 one
                 Granate
                 :
                 The
                 Duke's
                 horned
                 Bonnet
                 set
                 with
                 large
                 Diamonds
                 and
                 Oriental
                 Pearls
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 other
                 costly
                 Rarities
                 :
                 not
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 the
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Pixe
                 ,
                 Candlesticks
                 ,
                 Silver
                 and
                 Chrystal
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Relicks
                 ,
                 among
                 
                 which
                 the
                 chiefest
                 are
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 St.
                 Mark
                 and
                 his
                 Gospel
                 ,
                 written
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 hand
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 who
                 have
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 visit
                 St.
                 
                 Luke's
                 Church
                 ,
                 may
                 there
                 see
                 
                   Peter
                   Aretimes
                
                 Tomb
                 ,
                 who
                 liv'd
                 in
                 the
                 Fifteenth
                 Age
                 ,
                 famous
                 for
                 his
                 Satyrical
                 Writings
                 ,
                 which
                 acquir'd
                 him
                 Presents
                 and
                 Pensions
                 from
                 several
                 great
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 among
                 others
                 from
                 Charles
                 V.
                 and
                 Francis
                 I.
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ;
                 whither
                 they
                 fear'd
                 his
                 Satyrs
                 ,
                 or
                 lik'd
                 his
                 manner
                 of
                 Writing
                 ;
                 which
                 occasion'd
                 the
                 following
                 Epitaph
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 upon
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Qui
                   giace
                   L'Aretin
                   ,
                   Poeta
                   Tosco
                   ,
                
                 
                   Chi
                   d'ognun
                   disse
                   mal
                   ,
                   che
                   di
                   dio
                   ,
                
                 
                   Scusandosi
                   col
                   dir
                   ,
                   Jo
                   no'l
                   conosco
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Here
                   Aretin
                   lies
                   ,
                   reduc'd
                   to
                   Earthy
                   Clod
                   ,
                
                 
                   Who
                   wrote
                   in
                   Tuscan
                   Language
                   many
                   a
                   Poem
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   rail'd
                   at
                   all
                   Mankind
                   ,
                   yet
                   spar'd
                   his
                   God
                   ;
                
                 
                   But
                   his
                   Excuse
                   was
                   this
                   ,
                   He
                   did
                   not
                   know
                   Him.
                   
                
              
               
                 The
                 Palace
                 of
                 St.
                 
                 Mark
                 's
                 is
                 admir'd
                 by
                 all
                 Forreigners
                 .
                 It
                 has
                 two
                 Fronts
                 ,
                 lin'd
                 with
                 red
                 and
                 white
                 Marble
                 ,
                 and
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Plates
                 of
                 Brass
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 Conflagration
                 in
                 1514.
                 which
                 melted
                 down
                 the
                 Lead
                 with
                 which
                 it
                 was
                 overlaid
                 before
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 Gold
                 and
                 Azure
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Apartments
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 very
                 fair
                 Statues
                 ,
                 all
                 curious
                 pieces
                 of
                 Workmanship
                 .
                 The
                 Grand
                 Council-Chamber
                 is
                 150
                 Foot
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 73
                 broad
                 ,
                 surrounded
                 with
                 other
                 Chambers
                 full
                 of
                 Fire
                 Arms
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 are
                 always
                 charg'd
                 .
                 Among
                 others
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Arms
                 which
                 
                 Henry
                 IV.
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 to
                 reduce
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 he
                 presented
                 to
                 the
                 Republick
                 .
                 One
                 Piece
                 of
                 Canon
                 and
                 the
                 Carriage
                 all
                 of
                 Massie
                 Silver
                 :
                 A
                 Coffer
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 opening
                 of
                 which
                 four
                 Pistols
                 discharge
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 kill
                 the
                 Person
                 that
                 opens
                 it
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 charg'd
                 :
                 A
                 large
                 Canon
                 that
                 discharges
                 thrice
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 small
                 Piece
                 that
                 discharges
                 seven
                 times
                 at
                 once
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Armory
                 there
                 are
                 Muskets
                 ,
                 Pikes
                 and
                 Swords
                 to
                 arm
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 in
                 an
                 Instant
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 security
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 :
                 And
                 all
                 things
                 are
                 dispos'd
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 pulling
                 a
                 Cord
                 at
                 one
                 end
                 ,
                 the
                 Arms
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 have
                 occasion
                 for
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 The
                 Muskets
                 are
                 always
                 charg'd
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 who
                 are
                 possessed
                 of
                 'em
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 go
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Armory
                 ,
                 will
                 find
                 a
                 large
                 Globe
                 boar'd
                 thorough
                 with
                 as
                 many
                 holes
                 as
                 there
                 are
                 Muskets
                 ,
                 in
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 sticks
                 a
                 Match
                 ready
                 to
                 be
                 drawn
                 out
                 lighted
                 ;
                 in
                 regard
                 that
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 an
                 Engin
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Powder
                 which
                 is
                 scatter'd
                 in
                 those
                 Concavities
                 ,
                 they
                 can
                 set
                 fire
                 to
                 all
                 those
                 Matches
                 in
                 a
                 Moment
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Piazza
                 of
                 St.
                 Mark
                 is
                 environ'd
                 with
                 beautiful
                 Houses
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Symmetry
                 is
                 very
                 gracefully
                 order'd
                 .
                 The
                 Mint
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 fairest
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 built
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 danger
                 of
                 Fire
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Gates
                 and
                 Windows
                 are
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Wood
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 Structure
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Piazza
                 ,
                 three
                 large
                 Masts
                 of
                 a
                 Ship
                 are
                 fix'd
                 upright
                 in
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Republick's
                 Standards
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silk
                 are
                 hung
                 out
                 upon
                 solemn
                 days
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 toward
                 the
                 
                 Sea
                 side
                 ,
                 stand
                 two
                 Marble
                 Pillars
                 all
                 of
                 one
                 piece
                 about
                 sixty
                 fathom
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 eight
                 in
                 compass
                 ;
                 upon
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 erected
                 St.
                 
                 Mark
                 's
                 winged
                 Lyon
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 other
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 St.
                 Theodore
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Arsenal
                 of
                 Venice
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 beautiful
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 supply'd
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Arms
                 of
                 any
                 in
                 Europe
                 .
                 There
                 they
                 shew
                 to
                 the
                 Curious
                 the
                 Arms
                 of
                 
                   Bajamonte
                   Theopoli
                
                 ,
                 who
                 at
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 Eight
                 Ragamuffins
                 had
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 murder
                 the
                 Senate
                 in
                 the
                 Council
                 Chamber
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 have
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Soveraignty
                 .
                 They
                 carry'd
                 all
                 their
                 Weapons
                 conceal'd
                 under
                 their
                 Cloaths
                 :
                 But
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 hastning
                 to
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 a
                 Flower-pot
                 fell
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Window
                 upon
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 their
                 Captain
                 ,
                 and
                 beat
                 out
                 his
                 Brains
                 ;
                 which
                 so
                 dismay'd
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Accomplices
                 ,
                 that
                 believing
                 their
                 design
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 dispers'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Senate
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 escap'd
                 .
                 They
                 also
                 shew
                 ye
                 the
                 Sword
                 of
                 Scanderbeg
                 ,
                 Prince
                 of
                 Albania
                 ,
                 who
                 won
                 no
                 less
                 then
                 seven
                 Battels
                 from
                 the
                 Turks
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 he
                 cleft
                 a
                 Man
                 quite
                 through
                 at
                 one
                 blow
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 other
                 Arms
                 and
                 Weapons
                 very
                 curious
                 ,
                 and
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 a
                 Coffer
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 the
                 
                   Devils
                   Organs
                
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 if
                 you
                 open
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 discharges
                 several
                 Pistols
                 ,
                 that
                 scattering
                 their
                 Shot
                 about
                 the
                 Room
                 ,
                 make
                 a
                 great
                 havock
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 you
                 have
                 seen
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Venice
                 ,
                 Travellers
                 always
                 visit
                 the
                 Glass-house
                 at
                 Mirano
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 make
                 admirable
                 pieces
                 of
                 Workmanship
                 of
                 that
                 brittle
                 Mettal
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 transported
                 over
                 all
                 Europe
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 in
                 regard
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 undertake
                 to
                 write
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 Venice
                 ,
                 I
                 forbear
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Places
                 which
                 that
                 Republick
                 possesses
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 therefore
                 only
                 say
                 something
                 of
                 Padua
                 which
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Ancientest
                 Cities
                 in
                 the
                 Venetian
                 Territories
                 ,
                 being
                 about
                 2300
                 Paces
                 in
                 Circuit
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 Antenor
                 was
                 the
                 Founder
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 much
                 more
                 ancient
                 then
                 either
                 Rome
                 or
                 Venice
                 .
                 The
                 Church
                 of
                 St.
                 Anthony
                 of
                 Lisbonne
                 is
                 famous
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 St.
                 Anthony
                 ,
                 now
                 call'd
                 St.
                 Anthony
                 of
                 Padua
                 ,
                 lies
                 there
                 interr'd
                 :
                 And
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Stone
                 that
                 covers
                 his
                 Tomb
                 ,
                 smells
                 of
                 Musk
                 :
                 However
                 certain
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 beautiful
                 Church
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Palace
                 where
                 Justice
                 is
                 administer'd
                 ,
                 is
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 is
                 an
                 Ascent
                 of
                 four
                 large
                 Marble
                 Steps
                 up
                 to
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Great
                 Hall
                 is
                 256
                 Foot
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 86
                 broad
                 ,
                 where
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Twelve
                 Celestial
                 Signs
                 and
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 other
                 very
                 Beautiful
                 Paintings
                 .
                 Every
                 Night
                 at
                 a
                 certain
                 hour
                 they
                 make
                 the
                 Great
                 Clock
                 strike
                 32
                 times
                 ,
                 in
                 memory
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Traytors
                 who
                 would
                 have
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 the
                 City
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 hands
                 .
                 Padua
                 still
                 retains
                 several
                 Footsteps
                 of
                 Antiquity
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Remains
                 of
                 an
                 Amphitheater
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 Arenae
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 Austin
                 Fryars
                 Church
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 the
                 Ruines
                 of
                 such
                 another
                 are
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 at
                 Veronas
                 another
                 City
                 under
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Venetians
                 ;
                 but
                 there
                 is
                 much
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 Structure
                 standing
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 erected
                 by
                 order
                 of
                 the
                 Consul
                 Flaminius
                 ,
                 380
                 Foot
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 200
                 broad
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 Circus
                 where
                 above
                 Fourscore
                 Thousand
                 People
                 may
                 sit
                 upon
                 Seats
                 of
                 Marble
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 VIII
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Republicks
                 of
                 Luca
                 and
                 St.
                 Marino
                 .
              
               
                 LVCA
                 is
                 a
                 small
                 Republican
                 State
                 almost
                 enclos'd
                 within
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 Tuscany
                 ,
                 having
                 preserv'd
                 its
                 Freedom
                 ever
                 since
                 the
                 Year
                 1430
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Protection
                 of
                 the
                 Emperour
                 .
                 This
                 Republick
                 is
                 govern'd
                 by
                 a
                 Gonfaloniere
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 Elected
                 every
                 two
                 Months
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 for
                 his
                 Assistants
                 nine
                 Ancients
                 ,
                 who
                 bear
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Excellentissimo's
                 .
                 However
                 they
                 can
                 determine
                 nothing
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 approv'd
                 in
                 the
                 Grand
                 Conncil
                 ,
                 compos'd
                 of
                 120
                 Burgesses
                 .
                 Though
                 the
                 Extent
                 of
                 the
                 Territories
                 belonging
                 to
                 this
                 Republick
                 be
                 very
                 small
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 are
                 very
                 well
                 Peopl'd
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 can
                 easily
                 bring
                 20000
                 Men
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 to
                 defend
                 themselves
                 ,
                 besides
                 that
                 their
                 Revenue
                 amounts
                 to
                 above
                 500000
                 Livres
                 a
                 Year
                 .
                 Their
                 Arsenals
                 are
                 always
                 provided
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 to
                 hold
                 out
                 a
                 long
                 Siege
                 .
                 The
                 Gonfaloniere
                 ,
                 who
                 during
                 his
                 Regency
                 lodges
                 in
                 the
                 Palace
                 of
                 the
                 Signiory
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 a
                 hundred
                 Soldiers
                 for
                 his
                 Guard
                 ,
                 is
                 clad
                 in
                 a
                 Robe
                 of
                 Crimson
                 Velvet
                 or
                 Damask
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Bonnet
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Stuff
                 .
                 Nor
                 are
                 there
                 but
                 few
                 States
                 wherein
                 the
                 Civil
                 Government
                 is
                 better
                 Regulated
                 then
                 in
                 this
                 Republick
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Luca
                 ,
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 the
                 Territory
                 is
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 River
                 Serchio
                 ,
                 defended
                 by
                 eleven
                 Bastions
                 lin'd
                 with
                 Brick
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 regular
                 as
                 can
                 be
                 imagin'd
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 less
                 considerable
                 for
                 the
                 Antiquity
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 Fortifications
                 that
                 secure
                 it
                 ,
                 Several
                 Silk
                 Stuffs
                 are
                 made
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 drive
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Trade
                 ,
                 which
                 has
                 acquir'd
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 the
                 Epithite
                 of
                 
                   Luca
                   the
                   Industrious
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Churches
                 are
                 very
                 beautiful
                 ,
                 especially
                 the
                 Cathedral
                 Consecrated
                 to
                 St.
                 Martin
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 shew
                 a
                 Picture
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 they
                 would
                 make
                 ye
                 believe
                 that
                 the
                 Angels
                 painted
                 our
                 Saviour's
                 Face
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 Crown'd
                 with
                 a
                 Crown
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 having
                 over
                 it
                 the
                 two
                 Letters
                 Alpha
                 and
                 Omega
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 Beginning
                 and
                 the
                 End
                 ;
                 or
                 he
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 was
                 and
                 shall
                 be
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 
                 Austin-Fryars
                 Church
                 they
                 shew
                 ye
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 an
                 Abyss
                 ,
                 which
                 as
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 open'd
                 to
                 swallow
                 up
                 a
                 Gamester
                 that
                 Blasphem'd
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 his
                 Creator
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 Republick
                 of
                 St.
                 Marino
                 are
                 of
                 a
                 smaller
                 extent
                 then
                 those
                 belonging
                 to
                 Luca
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 include
                 only
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 
                   Sancto
                   Marino
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 few
                 Castles
                 that
                 serve
                 to
                 defend
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 containing
                 not
                 above
                 six
                 Thousand
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 It
                 settl'd
                 it self
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 of
                 Christ
                 600
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 all
                 along
                 supported
                 it self
                 under
                 the
                 Protection
                 of
                 the
                 Pope
                 ,
                 being
                 almost
                 enclos'd
                 within
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 govern'd
                 by
                 two
                 Captains
                 that
                 are
                 new
                 chosen
                 every
                 year
                 .
                 She
                 still
                 preserves
                 her
                 Gravity
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 other
                 Republicks
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 
                 when
                 she
                 writes
                 to
                 the
                 Republick
                 of
                 Venice
                 ,
                 she
                 calls
                 her
                 
                   Dear
                   Sister
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 
                   Sancto
                   Marino
                
                 is
                 very
                 strong
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 situation
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 upon
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 a
                 Mountain
                 in
                 the
                 Dutchy
                 of
                 Vrbin
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 Fortifications
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 very
                 regular
                 ,
                 and
                 certain
                 Castles
                 that
                 defend
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Name
                 of
                 it
                 was
                 deriv'd
                 from
                 one
                 
                   Sancto
                   Marino
                
                 ,
                 a
                 Stone-Cutter
                 ,
                 born
                 in
                 Dalmatia
                 ;
                 who
                 coming
                 into
                 Italy
                 in
                 the
                 Third
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 addicted
                 to
                 Piety
                 ,
                 preach'd
                 the
                 Gospel
                 to
                 the
                 Pagans
                 ,
                 and
                 Converted
                 several
                 to
                 the
                 Faith.
                 He
                 Dy'd
                 in
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Hermitage
                 where
                 he
                 had
                 his
                 Oratory
                 upon
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 where
                 now
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 
                   Sancto
                   Marino
                
                 stands
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 IX
                 .
                 Of
                 TUSCANY
                 .
              
               
                 THE
                 State
                 of
                 Tuscany
                 Is
                 purely
                 Monarchical
                 and
                 Despotick
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 compos'd
                 of
                 three
                 Estates
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 formerly
                 as
                 many
                 Republicks
                 ;
                 the
                 
                   Florentin
                   ,
                   Pisan
                
                 and
                 Sienese
                 ,
                 which
                 derive
                 their
                 Names
                 from
                 their
                 Capital
                 City
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Grand
                 Duke
                 has
                 built
                 good
                 Citadels
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 States
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 wants
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 which
                 a
                 Pope
                 of
                 that
                 Family
                 had
                 a
                 design
                 once
                 to
                 have
                 conferr'd
                 upon
                 it
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Italian
                 Proverb
                 ,
                 the
                 Grand
                 Duke
                 wants
                 nothing
                 but
                 Luca
                 and
                 Sarzana
                 to
                 be
                 King
                 of
                 Tuscany
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Prince
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Richest
                 in
                 Italy
                 :
                 his
                 ordinary
                 Revenue
                 amounts
                 to
                 two
                 Millions
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 Crowns
                 ,
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 said
                 that
                 he
                 has
                 above
                 Five
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Millions
                 of
                 Gold
                 in
                 his
                 Treasury
                 ,
                 besides
                 his
                 Moveables
                 and
                 Jewels
                 which
                 are
                 of
                 an
                 Inestimable
                 value
                 .
                 He
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 bring
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 30000
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 3000
                 Horse
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 to
                 his
                 strength
                 by
                 Sea
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 case
                 of
                 necessity
                 he
                 can
                 set
                 out
                 Twenty
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 a
                 Dozen
                 Galleys
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 Galeasses
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Money
                 ,
                 Spanish
                 Pistoles
                 ,
                 Piasters
                 and
                 Reals
                 of
                 Peru
                 go
                 currant
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 Dukedom
                 ,
                 provided
                 they
                 be
                 weight
                 .
                 The
                 Money
                 which
                 the
                 Grand
                 Duke
                 Coyns
                 are
                 Pistoles
                 ,
                 Ducatoons
                 ,
                 Julio's
                 and
                 Gratie
                 .
                 The
                 Pistole
                 of
                 Spain
                 goes
                 for
                 Forty
                 two
                 Livres
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Tuscan
                 Pistole
                 goes
                 but
                 for
                 Forty
                 .
                 A
                 Ducatoon
                 is
                 worth
                 seven
                 Livres
                 .
                 A
                 Julio
                 is
                 worth
                 eight
                 Gratie
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 small
                 piece
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 part
                 Copper
                 ,
                 part
                 Silver
                 .
                 A
                 Livre
                 is
                 worth
                 a
                 Julio
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 Gratia
                 is
                 worth
                 Eleven
                 Deneers
                 of
                 France
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Tuscan
                 Livre
                 is
                 not
                 worth
                 above
                 Eleven
                 French
                 Sols
                 .
              
               
                 Florence
                 is
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 the
                 Dukedom
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Archbishobprick
                 Erected
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1421.
                 by
                 Pope
                 Martin
                 V.
                 Surnam'd
                 
                   the
                   Fair
                
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 without
                 all
                 contradiction
                 it
                 surpasses
                 in
                 Beauty
                 and
                 Magnificence
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 round
                 about
                 it
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 the
                 situation
                 of
                 it
                 contributes
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 ,
                 being
                 built
                 upon
                 the
                 River
                 Arno
                 ,
                 which
                 divides
                 it
                 into
                 two
                 unequal
                 parts
                 ,
                 
                 joyn'd
                 together
                 by
                 Four
                 Stone
                 Bridges
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 about
                 Six
                 Miles
                 in
                 circuit
                 ,
                 with
                 very
                 neat
                 Streets
                 and
                 well
                 kept
                 .
                 Some
                 Authors
                 will
                 have
                 
                 Sylla's
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Founders
                 of
                 Florence
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 he
                 gave
                 the
                 Land
                 as
                 a
                 Reward
                 of
                 their
                 Services
                 :
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 at
                 first
                 call'd
                 Fluentia
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Confluence
                 of
                 the
                 Rivers
                 Arno
                 and
                 the
                 Main
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 Fertility
                 of
                 the
                 Soil
                 gave
                 it
                 afterwards
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Florentia
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 ordinary
                 Residence
                 of
                 the
                 Grand
                 Signior's
                 Court
                 contributes
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 to
                 the
                 Magnificence
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 assuredly
                 the
                 Grand
                 Duke's
                 Palace
                 deserves
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Mansion
                 of
                 an
                 Emperour
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 Statues
                 of
                 Marble
                 and
                 Brass
                 much
                 more
                 noble
                 then
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 place
                 .
                 The
                 Painting
                 ,
                 Sculpture
                 and
                 Guilding
                 appear
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Effects
                 of
                 Profusion
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 not
                 to
                 engage
                 in
                 an
                 exact
                 description
                 of
                 this
                 Palace
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 some
                 Pieces
                 the
                 most
                 Magnificent
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 Candlestick
                 or
                 Luster
                 all
                 of
                 Amber
                 ;
                 a
                 Domo
                 of
                 Mother
                 of
                 Pearl
                 ,
                 and
                 Gold
                 Enamell'd
                 with
                 red
                 ;
                 a
                 Table
                 where
                 you
                 see
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 Harbour
                 of
                 Leghorn
                 ,
                 represented
                 by
                 several
                 Stones
                 of
                 Jasper
                 ,
                 Marble
                 ,
                 Lapis
                 Lazuli
                 ,
                 Topazes
                 and
                 Emraulds
                 most
                 artificially
                 enchas'd
                 ;
                 another
                 Table
                 of
                 Calcedon
                 Enamell'd
                 with
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 Empal'd
                 with
                 Agates
                 ,
                 Lapis
                 Lazuli
                 ,
                 and
                 Emraulds
                 ,
                 supported
                 with
                 Enamel'd
                 Pillars
                 :
                 a
                 Cabinet
                 of
                 Jet
                 Inlay'd
                 with
                 several
                 Gold
                 Plates
                 ,
                 with
                 Seven
                 Doors
                 where
                 as
                 many
                 Organs
                 play
                 ;
                 and
                 withinside
                 the
                 Passion
                 of
                 our
                 Saviour
                 figur'd
                 in
                 Marble
                 :
                 A
                 Loadstone
                 that
                 sustains
                 about
                 Sixty
                 pound
                 weight
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 but
                 
                 it
                 has
                 lost
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 Vertue
                 of
                 it
                 since
                 the
                 last
                 Fire
                 that
                 happen'd
                 in
                 the
                 Palace
                 .
                 A
                 Nail
                 half
                 Iron
                 half
                 Gold
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 thought
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 effect
                 of
                 Chimical
                 Operation
                 ,
                 but
                 some
                 years
                 since
                 it
                 was
                 found
                 out
                 that
                 the
                 two
                 Metals
                 were
                 only
                 soder'd
                 together
                 ,
                 but
                 so
                 imperceptibly
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 possible
                 to
                 be
                 discern'd
                 :
                 An
                 Agate
                 Table
                 ,
                 a
                 Statue
                 of
                 Lewis
                 XIII
                 .
                 on
                 Horseback
                 of
                 Massie
                 Gold
                 ;
                 an
                 entire
                 Service
                 of
                 Massie
                 Gold
                 Plate
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 prodigious
                 quantity
                 of
                 Silver
                 Enamel'd
                 Plate
                 .
                 In
                 short
                 all
                 the
                 Apartments
                 of
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Equipage
                 of
                 the
                 Grand
                 Duke
                 are
                 proportionable
                 to
                 this
                 Immense
                 Treasure
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 are
                 these
                 the
                 only
                 Rarities
                 which
                 this
                 Palace
                 encloses
                 ,
                 the
                 only
                 Objects
                 worthy
                 a
                 Travellers
                 Curiosity
                 .
                 The
                 Gallery
                 wherein
                 are
                 the
                 Portraitures
                 of
                 the
                 Family
                 of
                 the
                 Medicis
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Famous
                 Men
                 of
                 this
                 Age
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 Learning
                 as
                 for
                 Arms
                 ,
                 delightfully
                 allures
                 a
                 Travellers
                 Eye
                 for
                 some
                 Hours
                 ,
                 The
                 Great
                 Captains
                 are
                 plac'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Right
                 Hand
                 ,
                 among
                 whom
                 is
                 Hannibal
                 the
                 Terrour
                 of
                 
                   Rome
                   ;
                   Scipio
                
                 who
                 took
                 Carthage
                 and
                 vanquish'd
                 
                   Hannibal
                   :
                   Pyrrhus
                
                 who
                 rejoyc'd
                 Rome
                 by
                 declaring
                 War
                 against
                 it
                 :
                 Scanderbeg
                 the
                 Scourge
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Turks
                   .
                   Alexander
                   Farneze
                
                 ,
                 who
                 never
                 lost
                 a
                 Battel
                 .
                 Cortesius
                 ,
                 who
                 discover'd
                 the
                 Streight
                 of
                 
                   Magellan
                   .
                   Andrew
                   Doria
                
                 ,
                 who
                 recover'd
                 Genoa
                 from
                 the
                 
                   French.
                   Gaston
                   de
                   Foix
                
                 ,
                 whose
                 Memory
                 is
                 still
                 Terrible
                 to
                 the
                 Spaniard
                 .
                 Duke
                 
                   d'
                   Alva
                
                 ,
                 who
                 though
                 Bloody
                 and
                 Cruel
                 perform'd
                 many
                 great
                 Exploits
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 lamented
                 at
                 his
                 Death
                 not
                 the
                 Mischiefs
                 he
                 had
                 committed
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 never
                 fought
                 against
                 the
                 
                   Turks
                   .
                   Custruccio
                
                 ,
                 of
                 
                 whom
                 no
                 Body
                 ever
                 spoke
                 ill
                 .
                 Eccellino
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 no
                 body
                 ever
                 spoke
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 good
                 ;
                 and
                 
                   Madam
                   de
                   Momorancy
                
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 well
                 contented
                 to
                 die
                 in
                 a
                 Battel
                 against
                 the
                 Religionaries
                 of
                 France
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 an
                 Armory
                 adjoyning
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 several
                 curious
                 Arms
                 :
                 A
                 Harquebuse
                 ,
                 the
                 Barrel
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 carries
                 much
                 farther
                 then
                 a
                 Barrel
                 of
                 Iron
                 :
                 A
                 Pistol
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Good
                   Night
                
                 ,
                 that
                 discharges
                 five
                 times
                 with
                 once
                 pulling
                 the
                 Trigger
                 .
                 Also
                 another
                 with
                 Ten
                 Barrels
                 ,
                 that
                 discharges
                 as
                 many
                 times
                 at
                 once
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Cabinets
                 stands
                 a
                 Mirrour
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 if
                 a
                 Man
                 looks
                 ,
                 he
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Woman
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 a
                 Woman
                 looks
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 she
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Man.
                 I
                 forgot
                 to
                 tell
                 ye
                 ,
                 that
                 among
                 the
                 Grand
                 Duke's
                 Jewels
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Diamond
                 as
                 thick
                 as
                 a
                 Man's
                 Finger
                 ,
                 that
                 weighs
                 a
                 Hundred
                 thirty
                 eight
                 Carrats
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 lookt
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 fairest
                 in
                 Europe
                 ,
                 being
                 valued
                 at
                 150000
                 Crowns
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Church
                 of
                 St.
                 Mary
                 of
                 the
                 Flowre
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Cathedral
                 of
                 Florence
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 lin'd
                 without-side
                 with
                 great
                 square
                 Panes
                 of
                 Marble
                 ,
                 White
                 ,
                 Red
                 and
                 Black
                 intermix'd
                 .
                 The
                 Inside
                 is
                 answerable
                 to
                 the
                 Outside
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Steeple
                 is
                 of
                 Marble
                 though
                 of
                 a
                 prodigious
                 heigth
                 .
              
               
                 St.
                 
                 Laurence's
                 also
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 Beautiful
                 Church
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 which
                 renders
                 it
                 more
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Chappel
                 wherein
                 the
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Florence
                 lie
                 Buried
                 .
                 This
                 Chappel
                 is
                 built
                 all
                 of
                 Marble
                 ,
                 lin'd
                 with
                 Jasper
                 ,
                 Alablaster
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 rare
                 Stones
                 ,
                 so
                 well
                 polish'd
                 and
                 wrought
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Workmanship
                 
                 is
                 more
                 esteem'd
                 then
                 the
                 Materials
                 .
                 The
                 Vault
                 is
                 lin'd
                 with
                 Lapis
                 Lazuli
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 Pretious
                 Stone
                 of
                 a
                 Blue
                 Colour
                 interlac'd
                 with
                 Veins
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 perfectly
                 resembles
                 the
                 Colour
                 of
                 the
                 Skie
                 in
                 a
                 clear
                 and
                 serene
                 Season
                 .
                 Round
                 about
                 this
                 Chappel
                 are
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Statues
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Florence
                 ,
                 all
                 of
                 Copper
                 guilded
                 in
                 their
                 Ducal
                 Habits
                 ;
                 and
                 between
                 two
                 Tombs
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Florence
                 ,
                 which
                 takes
                 up
                 the
                 whole
                 void
                 space
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 the
                 Magnificence
                 of
                 that
                 Mausoleum
                 is
                 so
                 great
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 enough
                 to
                 make
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 wrapt
                 up
                 with
                 the
                 Pride
                 and
                 Vanity
                 of
                 this
                 World
                 wish
                 for
                 Death
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 assur'd
                 of
                 such
                 Glorious
                 Monuments
                 after
                 their
                 Decease
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 thus
                 view'd
                 the
                 Magnificence
                 of
                 the
                 Palace
                 and
                 Mausoleums
                 of
                 the
                 Great
                 Duke
                 ,
                 we
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Curiosities
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 where
                 there
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 upon
                 the
                 Bridge
                 that
                 leads
                 to
                 the
                 Grand
                 Piazza
                 ,
                 four
                 Statues
                 of
                 White
                 Marble
                 representing
                 the
                 four
                 Seasons
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Piazza
                 stands
                 a
                 Brass
                 Statue
                 upon
                 a
                 Pedestal
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Metal
                 ,
                 representing
                 
                   Como
                   de
                   Medicis
                
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 Duke
                 of
                 Florence
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 his
                 most
                 remarkable
                 Exploits
                 ,
                 in
                 Relief
                 .
                 This
                 Piazza
                 lies
                 before
                 the
                 old
                 Palace
                 ,
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 of
                 which
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Statues
                 of
                 David
                 and
                 Hercules
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 Palace
                 belongs
                 a
                 Tower
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Fathom
                 high
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 other
                 Foundations
                 then
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Palace
                 it self
                 ,
                 which
                 gave
                 an
                 occasion
                 to
                 the
                 saying
                 of
                 the
                 Florentines
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 one
                 Tower
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 another
                 in
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 meaning
                 the
                 Pharo
                 of
                 Livorn
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 
                 Steeple
                 of
                 Florence
                 .
                 Near
                 the
                 River
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 large
                 Column
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 is
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 Justice
                 in
                 Porphyrie
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Criticks
                 have
                 made
                 two
                 Burlesque
                 Remarks
                 ;
                 the
                 one
                 is
                 that
                 Justice
                 is
                 plac'd
                 so
                 high
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 poor
                 cannot
                 reach
                 it
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 turns
                 her
                 Back
                 to
                 those
                 places
                 where
                 Justice
                 is
                 usually
                 administer'd
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 great
                 oversight
                 not
                 to
                 visit
                 the
                 Houses
                 of
                 pleasure
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Grand
                 Duke
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 are
                 
                   Poggio
                   Imperiale
                   ,
                   Pratolino
                
                 ,
                 aad
                 Lampeggio
                 ;
                 where
                 the
                 Arbours
                 ,
                 the
                 Alleys
                 ,
                 the
                 Labyrinths
                 ,
                 Grotto's
                 ,
                 Waterworks
                 ,
                 and
                 whatever
                 can
                 make
                 any
                 place
                 delightful
                 ,
                 are
                 in
                 their
                 highest
                 perfection
                 .
                 Strangers
                 are
                 often
                 trickt
                 near
                 
                 Cupid's
                 Grotto
                 in
                 the
                 Garden
                 of
                 Pratolino
                 .
                 For
                 before
                 they
                 come
                 at
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 led
                 a
                 great
                 way
                 about
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 Seats
                 that
                 are
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 willing
                 to
                 sit
                 down
                 and
                 rest
                 themselves
                 :
                 But
                 no
                 sooner
                 are
                 they
                 sate
                 down
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 pillars
                 of
                 the
                 Seat
                 giving
                 way
                 to
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 out
                 flies
                 the
                 Water
                 all
                 of
                 a
                 sndden
                 ,
                 and
                 washes
                 'em
                 from
                 Head
                 to
                 Foot.
                 
              
               
                 Siena
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Archbishoprick
                 and
                 a
                 University
                 ,
                 was
                 formerly
                 much
                 more
                 considerable
                 then
                 now
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 once
                 contain'd
                 above
                 seventy
                 five
                 thousand
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 whereas
                 now
                 there
                 are
                 not
                 above
                 Four
                 and
                 twenty
                 Thousand
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Streets
                 are
                 broad
                 and
                 all
                 pav'd
                 with
                 Brick
                 .
                 Formerly
                 the
                 Sienois
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 Children
                 were
                 exempted
                 from
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Impositions
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 had
                 supply'd
                 the
                 Republick
                 with
                 several
                 Members
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 
                 who
                 had
                 no
                 Children
                 bare
                 the
                 Burthen
                 of
                 the
                 Taxes
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 is
                 pav'd
                 with
                 spotted
                 Marble
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 is
                 engrav'd
                 the
                 Sacrifice
                 of
                 Abraham
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 other
                 Histories
                 of
                 the
                 Old
                 Testament
                 .
                 The
                 Roof
                 is
                 all
                 of
                 Azure
                 ,
                 spangl'd
                 with
                 Stars
                 of
                 Gold
                 :
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Marble
                 Statues
                 of
                 several
                 Popes
                 and
                 Emperors
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Twelve
                 Angels
                 of
                 Brass
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 holding
                 a
                 Wax
                 Taper
                 in
                 their
                 hands
                 .
                 The
                 Piazza
                 of
                 Siena
                 is
                 round
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Houses
                 built
                 exactly
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Rules
                 of
                 Symmetry
                 ,
                 supported
                 by
                 Arches
                 like
                 those
                 in
                 the
                 Royal
                 Piazza
                 in
                 Paris
                 ,
                 where
                 you
                 may
                 walk
                 Winter
                 and
                 Summer
                 without
                 being
                 annoy'd
                 either
                 by
                 Rain
                 ,
                 or
                 Sunshine
                 .
                 The
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Piazza
                 is
                 hollowed
                 like
                 a
                 Scallop
                 Shell
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 be
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Water
                 from
                 a
                 Fountain
                 adjoyning
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Lanching
                 of
                 several
                 Shallops
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 to
                 imitate
                 a
                 Naval
                 Engagement
                 .
                 And
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Roman
                 Gate
                 ,
                 upon
                 two
                 high
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 stands
                 a
                 Wolf
                 giving
                 suck
                 to
                 Rhemus
                 and
                 Romulus
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 is
                 Siena
                 has
                 lost
                 her
                 ancient
                 Splendour
                 ,
                 
                   Pisa
                   ▪
                
                 is
                 no
                 less
                 unfortunate
                 .
                 For
                 she
                 was
                 once
                 the
                 most
                 potent
                 City
                 of
                 all
                 Tuscany
                 ;
                 as
                 having
                 been
                 Mistress
                 of
                 the
                 Islands
                 of
                 Corse
                 and
                 Sardigna
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 above
                 50
                 Gallies
                 might
                 have
                 been
                 seen
                 in
                 her
                 Harbour
                 all
                 belonging
                 to
                 her
                 ;
                 but
                 now
                 she
                 is
                 no
                 longer
                 remarkable
                 for
                 any
                 thing
                 else
                 but
                 her
                 Archbishopprick
                 ,
                 her
                 University
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 the
                 Knights
                 of
                 St.
                 Stephen
                 ;
                 where
                 several
                 who
                 prefer
                 Celibacy
                 before
                 a
                 Marry'd
                 Life
                 ,
                 are
                 maintain'd
                 at
                 the
                 Charges
                 of
                 the
                 Order
                 .
                 They
                 
                 wear
                 a
                 Cross
                 of
                 Red
                 Sattin
                 upon
                 their
                 Habits
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 St.
                 
                 Stephen's
                 Church
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 several
                 Flags
                 ,
                 Ship-Lanthorns
                 and
                 Colours
                 taken
                 from
                 the
                 Turks
                 by
                 those
                 Knights
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Steeple
                 of
                 the
                 Domo
                 is
                 admir'd
                 for
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 seems
                 to
                 lean
                 on
                 one
                 side
                 ,
                 though
                 in
                 the
                 judgment
                 of
                 skilful
                 Workmen
                 ,
                 it
                 stands
                 as
                 upright
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 possible
                 .
                 This
                 Church
                 is
                 supported
                 by
                 Seventy
                 six
                 Columns
                 of
                 Marble
                 of
                 all
                 Colours
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 three
                 Gates
                 of
                 Brass
                 ▪
                 which
                 they
                 say
                 belong'd
                 to
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Salomon
                 .
                 The
                 Great
                 Piazza
                 is
                 call'd
                 
                   Campo
                   Santo
                
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 it
                 was
                 fill'd
                 up
                 with
                 a
                 vast
                 quantity
                 of
                 earth
                 which
                 the
                 Galleys
                 brought
                 from
                 Jerusalem
                 ,
                 in
                 1224.
                 
              
               
                 Livorno
                 or
                 Ligorno
                 .
                 is
                 a
                 Sea-port
                 Town
                 within
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 Tuscany
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Haven
                 is
                 accounted
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 safest
                 and
                 most
                 convenient
                 on
                 that
                 side
                 ,
                 Now
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 City
                 is
                 but
                 new
                 built
                 ,
                 the
                 Streets
                 are
                 large
                 and
                 streight
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Houses
                 very
                 convenient
                 ,
                 Here
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 Duke's
                 Galleys
                 and
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 lie
                 .
                 The
                 Pharos
                 ,
                 or
                 Tower
                 of
                 Livorn
                 is
                 lookt
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 beautiful
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 necessary
                 in
                 all
                 Italy
                 .
                 One
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Remarkable
                 .
                 Things
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 is
                 the
                 Marble
                 Statue
                 of
                 Ferdinand
                 .
                 I.
                 having
                 under
                 his
                 Feet
                 four
                 Slaves
                 of
                 Brass
                 ,
                 in
                 allusion
                 to
                 the
                 four
                 Turkish
                 Slaves
                 who
                 seiz'd
                 one
                 Night
                 upon
                 a
                 Galley
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 have
                 made
                 their
                 Escapes
                 into
                 Barbary
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 Act.
                 Some
                 say
                 't
                 was
                 the
                 Father
                 and
                 his
                 Three
                 Sons
                 who
                 came
                 on
                 purpose
                 from
                 Turkey
                 by
                 the
                 
                 Sultan's
                 Order
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 Massaker'd
                 the
                 Grand
                 Duke
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 their
                 Design
                 being
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 
                 they
                 were
                 taken
                 and
                 punish'd
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Deserts
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 X.
                 Of
                 the
                 Ecclesiastical
                 State.
                 
              
               
                 THIS
                 State
                 is
                 called
                 the
                 Ecclesiastical
                 State
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Pope
                 is
                 both
                 the
                 Spiritual
                 and
                 Temporal
                 Sovereign
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 compos'd
                 of
                 Twelve
                 Provinces
                 ;
                 
                   La
                   Campagna
                   di
                   Roma
                
                 ,
                 St.
                 
                 Peter's
                 
                   Patrimony
                   ,
                   La
                   Terra
                   Sabina
                   ,
                   Ombria
                   ,
                
                 or
                 the
                 Dutchy
                 of
                 
                   Spoleto
                   ,
                   Orvietano
                   ,
                   Perugia
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Earldom
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 
                   Castello
                   ,
                   La
                   Marca
                   d'
                   Ancona
                   ,
                
                 the
                 Dukedom
                 of
                 
                   Vrbin
                   ,
                   La
                   Romagna
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 Bologna
                 and
                 Ferrara
                 .
                 This
                 State
                 is
                 bounded
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 by
                 the
                 Republick
                 of
                 Venice
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 by
                 the
                 Dukedomes
                 of
                 Mantua
                 and
                 Modena
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 by
                 the
                 Grand
                 Dukedome
                 of
                 Tuscany
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 East
                 by
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Naples
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Pope
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 bring
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 50000
                 Foot
                 and
                 10000
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 Twelve
                 Galleys
                 for
                 the
                 security
                 of
                 his
                 Coasts
                 .
                 The
                 Revenues
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 See
                 ,
                 amount
                 to
                 about
                 Two
                 Millions
                 of
                 God.
                 But
                 the
                 Popes
                 have
                 a
                 blessed
                 and
                 easie
                 way
                 to
                 augment
                 it
                 when
                 they
                 please
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 Sixtus
                 IV.
                 had
                 good
                 reason
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 never
                 want
                 Money
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 Hand
                 and
                 a
                 
                 Pen.
                 This
                 easie
                 way
                 of
                 filling
                 the
                 Apostolick
                 Treasuries
                 with
                 Money
                 ,
                 has
                 been
                 the
                 cause
                 several
                 Popes
                 not
                 having
                 Children
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 to
                 enrich
                 ,
                 as
                 Paul
                 III.
                 had
                 ,
                 have
                 solely
                 apply'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 raise
                 the
                 Fortunes
                 of
                 their
                 Nephews
                 .
                 Paul
                 V.
                 left
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 Salmone
                 ,
                 his
                 Nephew
                 ,
                 a
                 Revenue
                 of
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Crowns
                 a
                 Day
                 .
                 And
                 others
                 have
                 done
                 well
                 for
                 Theirs
                 ,
                 proportionably
                 to
                 the
                 Times
                 that
                 they
                 enjoy'd
                 the
                 Papal
                 Chair
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 it
                 was
                 that
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Petty
                 Princes
                 multiply'd
                 so
                 greatly
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
              
               
                 Besides
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Pistoles
                 ,
                 Piasters
                 ,
                 Sequins
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Foreign
                 Pieces
                 that
                 are
                 currant
                 in
                 the
                 Ecclesiastical
                 State
                 ,
                 the
                 Pope
                 Coyns
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 viz.
                 Pistoles
                 ,
                 Piasters
                 ,
                 Testons
                 ,
                 Giulios
                 ,
                 Gros
                 ,
                 half
                 Baioques
                 ,
                 and
                 Quatrini
                 .
                 The
                 Popes
                 Pistole
                 goes
                 at
                 30
                 Giulio's
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Spanish
                 at
                 31
                 :
                 Three
                 Giulio's
                 make
                 a
                 Teston
                 ;
                 the
                 Giulio
                 is
                 worth
                 5
                 Baioques
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 Baioque
                 worth
                 5
                 Quatrini
                 .
                 One
                 Baioque
                 is
                 worth
                 8
                 Deneers
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 the
                 Giulio
                 3
                 Sols
                 4
                 Deneers
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 that
                 accompt
                 the
                 Ecclesiastical
                 Pistole
                 is
                 not
                 worth
                 above
                 100
                 Sols
                 ,
                 Money
                 of
                 France
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 in
                 regard
                 I
                 intend
                 a
                 particular
                 Chapter
                 for
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 in
                 this
                 Chapter
                 mention
                 only
                 the
                 other
                 principal
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Ecclesiastical
                 State
                 ,
                 and
                 begin
                 with
                 Bologna
                 ,
                 call'd
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Fat
                
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 Excellency
                 and
                 Fertility
                 of
                 the
                 Soil
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 so
                 delightfully
                 built
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Streets
                 you
                 walk
                 under
                 Portico's
                 secur'd
                 from
                 Rain
                 and
                 Sun
                 :
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 above
                 5
                 Miles
                 in
                 Circuit
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 the
                 Air
                 were
                 not
                 so
                 unwholsome
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 pleasant
                 Abodes
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
                 Though
                 it
                 be
                 under
                 
                 the
                 Jurisdiction
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 See
                 ,
                 yet
                 is
                 it
                 lookt
                 upon
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 rather
                 as
                 a
                 Sister
                 then
                 a
                 Subject
                 ;
                 in
                 regard
                 that
                 by
                 voluntarily
                 surrendring
                 her self
                 to
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 she
                 has
                 preserv'd
                 to
                 her self
                 the
                 freedom
                 of
                 sending
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Rome
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 she
                 has
                 Coadjurors
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Bridle
                 to
                 curb
                 the
                 Power
                 and
                 Pride
                 of
                 the
                 Legates
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                 Bolognese's
                 also
                 have
                 this
                 farther
                 considerable
                 Priviledge
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 one
                 Citizen
                 kills
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 can
                 make
                 his
                 Escape
                 ,
                 his
                 Goods
                 cannot
                 be
                 Confiscated
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 Tower
                 at
                 Bologna
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 seems
                 to
                 lean
                 on
                 one
                 side
                 ,
                 like
                 that
                 of
                 Pisa
                 ;
                 which
                 some
                 assert
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 effect
                 of
                 Art
                 ;
                 others
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 occasion'd
                 by
                 an
                 Earthquake
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Treasury
                 of
                 the
                 Dominicans
                 Church
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 Manuscript
                 Bible
                 in
                 Parchment
                 ,
                 which
                 as
                 they
                 say
                 was
                 written
                 by
                 Esdras
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Hand
                 .
                 They
                 who
                 have
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 visit
                 the
                 Churches
                 of
                 Bologna
                 ,
                 will
                 see
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 
                   Katherine
                   de
                   Vigri
                
                 ,
                 a
                 Nun
                 of
                 the
                 Order
                 of
                 
                   Santa
                   Clara
                
                 ,
                 who
                 though
                 she
                 Dy'd
                 in
                 1463
                 ,
                 looks
                 still
                 as
                 fresh
                 as
                 if
                 she
                 were
                 but
                 newly
                 Dead
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 more
                 wonderful
                 is
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 every
                 Month
                 they
                 pair
                 her
                 Nails
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 her
                 Hair
                 once
                 a
                 Year
                 before
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Credible
                 Persons
                 ;
                 nevertheless
                 both
                 the
                 Hair
                 and
                 the
                 Nails
                 still
                 grow
                 as
                 if
                 she
                 were
                 Alive
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Country
                 Seats
                 in
                 the
                 parts
                 adjacent
                 to
                 Bologna
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Senator
                 Volta
                 surpasses
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 in
                 Magnificence
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 an
                 Inscription
                 there
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 which
                 has
                 puzzl'd
                 the
                 most
                 Learned
                 Wits
                 of
                 several
                 
                 Nations
                 ,
                 For
                 my
                 part
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 aspire
                 to
                 that
                 Excellency
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 mention
                 here
                 the
                 Interpretations
                 of
                 others
                 .
                 This
                 Enigmatick
                 Inscription
                 is
                 in
                 Latin
                 ,
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 made
                 by
                 a
                 person
                 that
                 was
                 neither
                 Man
                 nor
                 Woman
                 ,
                 nor
                 Hermaphrodite
                 ;
                 that
                 she
                 Dy'd
                 neither
                 of
                 Hunger
                 ,
                 nor
                 Thirst
                 ,
                 nor
                 by
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 nor
                 by
                 Poyson
                 ,
                 yet
                 by
                 all
                 together
                 ;
                 That
                 she
                 was
                 neither
                 in
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 nor
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 nor
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 all
                 at
                 once
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 this
                 Inscription
                 was
                 made
                 by
                 
                   Lycus
                   Agatho
                   Priscus
                
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 neither
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 nor
                 her
                 Gallant
                 ,
                 nor
                 her
                 Kinsman
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 three
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 .
                 Many
                 People
                 have
                 thought
                 they
                 could
                 expound
                 this
                 Riddle
                 ;
                 Some
                 saying
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 Rain
                 Water
                 ;
                 Another
                 
                   Materia
                   Prima
                
                 ;
                 Another
                 Chymical
                 Mercury
                 ;
                 And
                 a
                 Fourth
                 ascrib'd
                 it
                 to
                 Love.
                 
              
               
                 Since
                 my
                 Remarques
                 have
                 not
                 led
                 me
                 out
                 of
                 Bologna
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 leave
                 it
                 without
                 observing
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 frequently
                 seen
                 in
                 the
                 Parts
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 a
                 certain
                 Meteor
                 ,
                 toward
                 the
                 Appennine
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 weather
                 is
                 obscure
                 and
                 dark
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 Light
                 almost
                 as
                 round
                 as
                 a
                 Globe
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Country
                 People
                 ,
                 call'd
                 
                   Bocca
                   d'Inferno
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Mouth
                   of
                   Hell
                
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 has
                 so
                 fall'n
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 Traveliers
                 ,
                 having
                 lost
                 their
                 way
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 following
                 this
                 Light
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 ,
                 have
                 been
                 led
                 into
                 Precipices
                 .
              
               
                 Ancona
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 
                   Marca
                   d'Ancona
                
                 ,
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 strongest
                 places
                 in
                 the
                 Ecclesiastical
                 State
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Magazines
                 are
                 always
                 abundantly
                 Stor'd
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Harbor
                 was
                 formerly
                 in
                 
                 great
                 request
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 Proverb
                 ,
                 
                   Porto
                   d'Ancona
                   ,
                   Torre
                   di
                   Cremona
                   ,
                   e
                   Petro
                   di
                   Roma
                
                 ;
                 The
                 Port
                 of
                 Ancona
                 ;
                 The
                 Tower
                 of
                 Cremona
                 ;
                 And
                 Peter
                 of
                 Rome
                 .
                 The
                 Port
                 was
                 formerly
                 lin'd
                 with
                 Marble
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Ships
                 were
                 Moor'd
                 to
                 Pillars
                 of
                 Marble
                 ,
                 set
                 up
                 all
                 along
                 the
                 Haven
                 at
                 a
                 certain
                 distance
                 one
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 But
                 Time
                 and
                 the
                 Wars
                 have
                 ruin'd
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Trade
                 is
                 gone
                 off
                 to
                 other
                 places
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 it
                 still
                 preserves
                 a
                 very
                 fair
                 Triumphal
                 Arch
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Romans
                 erected
                 in
                 Honor
                 of
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Trajan
                 .
              
               
                 Loretto
                 is
                 another
                 City
                 of
                 
                   Marca
                   d'Ancona
                
                 ,
                 Built
                 upon
                 a
                 Hill
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 Fortify'd
                 .
                 This
                 City
                 has
                 been
                 Famous
                 for
                 some
                 Ages
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 the
                 Repository
                 of
                 the
                 Chamber
                 where
                 the
                 Holy
                 Virgin
                 conceiv'd
                 the
                 Divine
                 Word
                 .
                 This
                 Chamber
                 is
                 about
                 Four
                 Fathom
                 long
                 ,
                 Two
                 Broad
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 in
                 heighth
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 built
                 of
                 a
                 Stone
                 inclining
                 to
                 a
                 Red
                 colour
                 ,
                 resembling
                 Brick
                 ,
                 but
                 much
                 bigger
                 and
                 harder
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 little
                 Chimney
                 against
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 on
                 the
                 Right
                 side
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 old
                 Cupboard
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 still
                 preserve
                 some
                 Earthen
                 Platters
                 and
                 Dishes
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 found
                 there
                 when
                 the
                 Building
                 was
                 remov'd
                 ,
                 make
                 People
                 believe
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 Plate
                 wherein
                 the
                 
                   Holy
                   Virgin
                
                 was
                 serv'd
                 .
                 Some
                 years
                 since
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 Silver
                 Door
                 to
                 the
                 Cupboard
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Chamber
                 is
                 a
                 Window
                 ,
                 through
                 whch
                 the
                 Angel
                 enter'd
                 when
                 he
                 brought
                 her
                 the
                 Mysterious
                 Tidings
                 of
                 the
                 Incarnation
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 the
                 Portraicture
                 of
                 our
                 Saviour
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Happy
                 Virgin
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 would
                 have
                 the
                 World
                 believe
                 was
                 Drawn
                 by
                 
                   St.
                   Luke
                
                 .
              
               
               
                 This
                 Chamber
                 is
                 now
                 inclos'd
                 within
                 a
                 Chappel
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 Loretio
                 ,
                 consecrated
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Holy
                   Virgin
                
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 a
                 Candle
                 you
                 may
                 perceive
                 that
                 this
                 Chamber
                 stands
                 upon
                 no
                 Foundation
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 World
                 of
                 Riches
                 in
                 that
                 Church
                 ,
                 which
                 has
                 often
                 tempted
                 the
                 Pyrates
                 of
                 Barbary
                 to
                 try
                 whither
                 they
                 could
                 be
                 so
                 fortunate
                 as
                 carry
                 it
                 away
                 ,
                 but
                 without
                 any
                 success
                 .
                 Among
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 too
                 tedious
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 Inventory
                 of
                 it
                 all
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 two
                 Crowns
                 and
                 a
                 Dolphin
                 of
                 Massy
                 Gold
                 ,
                 which
                 Ann
                 of
                 Austria
                 Queen
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 gave
                 that
                 Church
                 upon
                 the
                 Birth
                 of
                 Lewis
                 XIV
                 .
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Crowns
                 ,
                 Lamps
                 ,
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 Candlesticks
                 set
                 with
                 precious
                 Stones
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Treasury
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 several
                 sumptuous
                 Altar-Services
                 ;
                 and
                 among
                 others
                 ,
                 one
                 made
                 of
                 Chrystal
                 ;
                 Candlesticks
                 ,
                 Crevets
                 ,
                 a
                 Bason
                 and
                 Eure
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 a
                 Chalice
                 ,
                 all
                 of
                 Amber
                 .
                 Another
                 Service
                 of
                 Agate
                 ,
                 another
                 of
                 Chrystal
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 ;
                 another
                 of
                 Engrav'd
                 or
                 Carv'd
                 Silver
                 .
                 I
                 forbear
                 to
                 mention
                 any
                 more
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 may
                 have
                 room
                 to
                 say
                 something
                 of
                 the
                 miraculous
                 removal
                 of
                 this
                 Chamber
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Story
                 is
                 Engrav'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Pillars
                 of
                 the
                 Great
                 Church
                 in
                 Thirteen
                 sorts
                 of
                 Languages
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Information
                 of
                 Pilgrims
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 given
                 to
                 understand
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Turks
                 having
                 begun
                 to
                 invade
                 the
                 
                   Holy
                   Land
                
                 ,
                 GOD
                 ,
                 unwilling
                 that
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 his
                 Son
                 receiv'd
                 his
                 Incarnation
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 polluted
                 by
                 the
                 Infidels
                 ,
                 ordered
                 the
                 Angels
                 to
                 take
                 this
                 poor
                 Domicil
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 it
                 the
                 9th
                 of
                 
                   May
                   1291.
                
                 from
                 Nazareth
                 
                 in
                 Galilee
                 ,
                 where
                 then
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 into
                 Dalmatia
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 others
                 say
                 ,
                 into
                 Slavonia
                 :
                 That
                 Three
                 or
                 Four
                 years
                 after
                 it
                 was
                 remov'd
                 by
                 those
                 Blessed
                 Spirits
                 into
                 the
                 Diocess
                 of
                 Reconati
                 in
                 
                   Marca
                   d'Ancona
                
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Lands
                 belonging
                 to
                 a
                 Pious
                 Lady
                 ,
                 whose
                 Name
                 was
                 Loretta
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 little
                 House
                 being
                 seated
                 in
                 a
                 Wood
                 ,
                 where
                 often
                 Robbers
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Pilgrims
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 afterwards
                 remov'd
                 halfe
                 a
                 League
                 from
                 thence
                 upon
                 a
                 Hill
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 a
                 little
                 further
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 this
                 Magnificent
                 and
                 Wealthy
                 Church
                 stands
                 ,
                 and
                 wherein
                 this
                 Chamber
                 is
                 now
                 inclos'd
                 ,
                 Before
                 the
                 Great
                 Church
                 stands
                 a
                 very
                 fair
                 Brass
                 Statue
                 of
                 Sixtus
                 V.
                 one
                 of
                 its
                 Benefactors
                 .
                 Several
                 Strangers
                 visit
                 the
                 Apartments
                 of
                 the
                 Chapter-House
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 very
                 Superb
                 ,
                 and
                 sufficient
                 to
                 Lodge
                 the
                 Courts
                 of
                 several
                 Princes
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 .
                 The
                 Cellars
                 are
                 always
                 replenished
                 with
                 excellent
                 Wine
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 the
                 Provision
                 of
                 the
                 Governor
                 ,
                 the
                 Canons
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Ecclesiasticks
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 for
                 the
                 Entertainment
                 of
                 the
                 Princes
                 ,
                 Cardinals
                 ,
                 Bishops
                 ,
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 and
                 generally
                 all
                 the
                 Pilgrims
                 that
                 resort
                 thither
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 .
                 The
                 Storehouse
                 for
                 Drugs
                 and
                 Medicines
                 where
                 the
                 Pilgrims
                 are
                 supply'd
                 with
                 Physick
                 gratis
                 ,
                 is
                 worth
                 a
                 Travsller's
                 Observation
                 .
                 Among
                 other
                 things
                 there
                 are
                 in
                 that
                 Infirmatory
                 ,
                 Four
                 Earthen
                 Pots
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 
                   Raphael
                   Vrbin
                
                 Painted
                 the
                 Four
                 Evangelists
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 
                 France's
                 Ambassador
                 offer'd
                 in
                 exchange
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Master's
                 Name
                 ,
                 Four
                 Vessels
                 of
                 Gold
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 bigness
                 and
                 thickness
                 ,
                 but
                 could
                 not
                 obtain
                 his
                 Request
                 ,
                 which
                 caus'd
                 a
                 Saying
                 ,
                 That
                 
                 Raphael
                 '
                 
                   s
                   Fingers
                   had
                   a
                   greater
                   Virtue
                   in
                   'em
                   than
                
                 Midas
                 '
                 s
                 ,
                 to
                 change
                 all
                 things
                 into
                 Gold
                 which
                 they
                 touch'd
                 .
              
               
                 Ferrara
                 ,
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 that
                 Province
                 ,
                 seated
                 upon
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Arms
                 of
                 the
                 Po
                 ,
                 has
                 appertain'd
                 to
                 the
                 Holy
                 See
                 ,
                 ever
                 since
                 the
                 year
                 1597.
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 Alphonso
                 II.
                 Duke
                 of
                 Ferrara
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 
                   D'
                   Este
                
                 ,
                 dying
                 without
                 Issue
                 ,
                 the
                 Apostolick
                 Chamber
                 seiz'd
                 it
                 into
                 her
                 hands
                 ,
                 pretending
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 devolv'd
                 to
                 her
                 ;
                 which
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 done
                 without
                 Revolutions
                 ,
                 that
                 did
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 contribute
                 to
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 This
                 City
                 bears
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 a
                 Dutchy
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 Adorn'd
                 with
                 a
                 Bishoprick
                 :
                 the
                 Streets
                 are
                 also
                 Fair
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Palaces
                 Magnificent
                 .
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 Ancient
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
                 Pope
                 Clement
                 VIII
                 .
                 caus'd
                 a
                 Citadel
                 to
                 be
                 built
                 ,
                 consisting
                 of
                 Six
                 Bastions
                 ,
                 which
                 cost
                 him
                 above
                 Two
                 Millions
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 up
                 his
                 Statue
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Piazza
                 .
                 Near
                 the
                 Gate
                 of
                 the
                 new
                 Piazza
                 stand
                 Two
                 Brass
                 Statues
                 of
                 the
                 Two
                 Princes
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 d'Este
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 a
                 Horseback
                 the
                 other
                 Sitting
                 .
                 Strangers
                 must
                 take
                 notice
                 ,
                 that
                 before
                 they
                 can
                 Lodge
                 in
                 the
                 Inns
                 of
                 Ferrara
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 have
                 a
                 Ticket
                 from
                 the
                 Town-House
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Civita
                   Vecchia
                
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Sea-Port
                 Towns
                 in
                 the
                 Ecclesiastical
                 State
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Pope's
                 Gallies
                 generally
                 ride
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 now
                 begins
                 to
                 grow
                 more
                 considerable
                 then
                 ever
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 present
                 Pope
                 has
                 Declar'd
                 it
                 a
                 Free
                 Port
                 ,
                 and
                 Granted
                 Franchises
                 and
                 Priviledges
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 Christians
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 to
                 the
                 Jews
                 that
                 will
                 settle
                 there
                 .
              
               
               
                 In
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Vmbria
                 ,
                 near
                 a
                 place
                 call'd
                 Terni
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 wonderful
                 sort
                 of
                 Earth
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 a
                 time
                 of
                 Drowth
                 ,
                 turns
                 into
                 Mudd
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Rainy
                 weather
                 turns
                 into
                 Dust
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 same
                 Province
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Lake
                 call'd
                 
                   Pie
                   di
                   Luco
                
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 petrifies
                 pieces
                 of
                 Wood
                 that
                 are
                 thrown
                 into
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Lake
                 of
                 Norcia
                 ,
                 of
                 Norcera
                 is
                 no
                 less
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 vulgar
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 who
                 believe
                 that
                 the
                 Devil
                 walks
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Magicians
                 and
                 Witches
                 keep
                 their
                 Rendezvous
                 upon
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 less
                 certain
                 that
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Villages
                 are
                 often
                 upon
                 their
                 Guards
                 to
                 interrupt
                 those
                 sorts
                 of
                 Meeting
                 .
                 The
                 Sybils
                 Cave
                 is
                 in
                 that
                 Quarter
                 ,
                 the
                 Subterraneal
                 Concavity
                 of
                 which
                 leads
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 report
                 ,
                 into
                 a
                 very
                 far
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Men
                 and
                 Women
                 sport
                 all
                 Day
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 turn'd
                 into
                 Serpents
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 .
              
               
                 Visiting
                 the
                 parts
                 about
                 Rome
                 ,
                 you
                 come
                 to
                 see
                 Nariri
                 an
                 Episcopal
                 City
                 ,
                 anciently
                 call'd
                 
                   The
                   Wicked
                   City
                
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 finding
                 themselves
                 constrain'd
                 to
                 Surrender
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 rather
                 all
                 of
                 'em
                 to
                 Die
                 ,
                 and
                 kill
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 then
                 to
                 be
                 Spectators
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Victory
                 .
                 They
                 began
                 with
                 cutting
                 their
                 Children's
                 ,
                 their
                 Sister's
                 and
                 their
                 Mother's
                 Throats
                 ,
                 soon
                 after
                 they
                 did
                 the
                 same
                 to
                 their
                 Wives
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 setting
                 Fire
                 to
                 the
                 Four
                 corners
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 fell
                 a
                 Massakring
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 till
                 not
                 one
                 was
                 left
                 alive
                 .
              
               
                 Before
                 I
                 conclude
                 this
                 Chapter
                 ,
                 I
                 must
                 inform
                 the
                 Reader
                 ,
                 that
                 near
                 Tivoli
                 ,
                 an
                 Episcopal
                 City
                 of
                 
                   La
                   Campagna
                   di
                   Roma
                
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 deep
                 
                 Lake
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 several
                 floating
                 Islands
                 ,
                 which
                 when
                 the
                 Wind
                 blows
                 ,
                 are
                 driven
                 to
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Lake
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 .
                 This
                 Lake
                 is
                 about
                 500
                 paces
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Water
                 is
                 very
                 Sulphury
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 thought
                 that
                 the
                 boiling
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 forces
                 up
                 the
                 Mudd
                 to
                 the
                 surface
                 of
                 the
                 Lake
                 ,
                 which
                 sticking
                 to
                 the
                 Reeds
                 and
                 other
                 Herbage
                 ,
                 forms
                 those
                 Islands
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 time
                 grow
                 bigger
                 and
                 bigger
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XII
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Curiosities
                 therein
                 contain'd
                 .
              
               
                 ROME
                 ,
                 formerly
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 a
                 Famous
                 Empire
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 the
                 Chief
                 City
                 of
                 Christendom
                 ,
                 is-without
                 contradiction
                 the
                 most
                 Famous
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Vniverse
                 .
                 Her
                 Fame
                 is
                 spread
                 abroad
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 most
                 distant
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 where
                 she
                 has
                 manifestly
                 made
                 appear
                 the
                 puissance
                 of
                 her
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Prowess
                 of
                 her
                 Governors
                 .
                 Men
                 may
                 easily
                 judge
                 of
                 the
                 Strength
                 and
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Romans
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 find
                 that
                 their
                 Armies
                 consisted
                 of
                 between
                 Two
                 hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 and
                 Three
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ;
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 about
                 1500
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 other
                 Vessels
                 :
                 And
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 bounds
                 of
                 their
                 Empire
                 were
                 
                   Euphrates
                   ,
                   Mount
                   Taurus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Armenia
                 Eastward
                 ;
                 Aethiopia
                 Southward
                 ;
                 the
                 Danaw
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Ocean
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 .
                 She
                 
                 has
                 now
                 acquir'd
                 the
                 Epithite
                 of
                 Holy
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 because
                 she
                 has
                 been
                 Dy'd
                 with
                 the
                 Blood
                 of
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Martyrs
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 She
                 is
                 now
                 the
                 usual
                 Residence
                 of
                 the
                 Popes
                 ,
                 accounted
                 the
                 visible
                 Heads
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Apostolical
                 Church
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Famous
                 City
                 was
                 Founded
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 3301.
                 by
                 Remus
                 and
                 Romulus
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 the
                 Grand-children
                 by
                 
                   Rhea
                   Sylvia
                
                 their
                 Mother
                 (
                 for
                 their
                 Father
                 is
                 not
                 known
                 )
                 of
                 Numitor
                 King
                 of
                 Albania
                 :
                 which
                 has
                 giv'n
                 an
                 occasion
                 to
                 the
                 Historians
                 ,
                 to
                 publish
                 'em
                 to
                 posterity
                 for
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Mars
                 ,
                 because
                 their
                 Mother
                 was
                 found
                 to
                 be
                 big
                 with
                 Child
                 ,
                 thô
                 She
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Vestal
                   Virgins
                
                 .
                 These
                 Two
                 Founders
                 could
                 not
                 agree
                 about
                 the
                 Name
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 should
                 give
                 their
                 City
                 :
                 For
                 some
                 Authors
                 will
                 have
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 first
                 it
                 was
                 call'd
                 Valencia
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Disputes
                 between
                 the
                 Two
                 Brothers
                 being
                 reconcil'd
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 determin'd
                 in
                 favour
                 of
                 Romulus
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 it
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 First
                 of
                 the
                 Seven
                 Kings
                 that
                 Govern'd
                 it
                 .
                 After
                 which
                 ,
                 she
                 had
                 Consuls
                 till
                 
                   Julius
                   Caesar
                
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 First
                 Emperor
                 of
                 Rome
                 .
              
               
                 Thô
                 this
                 City
                 has
                 been
                 Sackt
                 and
                 Burnt
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 times
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 by
                 Foreigners
                 as
                 by
                 her
                 own
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 yet
                 has
                 she
                 been
                 so
                 fortunate
                 ,
                 as
                 still
                 to
                 preserve
                 some
                 Lovely
                 Remains
                 of
                 her
                 Antiquity
                 and
                 Magnificence
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 She
                 is
                 neither
                 so
                 potent
                 ,
                 nor
                 so
                 spacious
                 as
                 formerly
                 She
                 was
                 ;
                 since
                 History
                 assutes
                 us
                 ,
                 That
                 once
                 She
                 was
                 above
                 Thirty
                 Miles
                 in
                 compass
                 ,
                 whereas
                 now
                 She
                 incloses
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 23050
                 
                 common
                 Paces
                 ,
                 and
                 360
                 Towres
                 within
                 the
                 Circuit
                 of
                 her
                 Walls
                 and
                 Suburbs
                 .
                 She
                 had
                 formerly
                 thirty
                 Gates
                 ,
                 which
                 occasion'd
                 as
                 many
                 High
                 Roads
                 that
                 lead
                 to
                 'em
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 still
                 pav'd
                 with
                 great
                 Stones
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 many
                 places
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 Marble
                 Pillars
                 set
                 up
                 at
                 every
                 Miles
                 end
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 was
                 in
                 those
                 High-ways
                 ,
                 all
                 along
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 Enterr'd
                 their
                 Dead
                 ;
                 there
                 being
                 a
                 Law
                 which
                 forbids
                 Burials
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Now
                 there
                 are
                 not
                 above
                 Nineteen
                 Gates
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 shall
                 give
                 you
                 both
                 the
                 Ancient
                 and
                 Modern
                 Names
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 La
                 Porta
                 del
                 Popolo
                 ,
                 formerly
                 Flaminia
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Sancta
                 Merodia
                 '
                 
                   s
                   Gate
                   ,
                   formerly
                
                 Gabiosa
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 La
                 Porta
                 Piciana
                 ,
                 formerly
                 Colatina
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 The
                 Latin
                 Gate
                 ,
                 formerly
                 Terentia
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 La
                 Porta
                 Agonia
                 ,
                 formerly
                 Quirinalis
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 St.
                 
                 Sebastian's
                 Gate
                 ,
                 formerly
                 Capena
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 St.
                 
                 Agnes's
                 Gate
                 formerly
                 Viminalis
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 St.
                 
                 Paul's
                 ,
                 or
                 
                 Ostia-Gate
                 ,
                 formerly
                 Trigemina
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 La
                 Porta
                 Ripa
                 ,
                 formerly
                 Portuensis
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 St.
                 
                 Laurence's
                 Gate
                 ,
                 formerly
                 Esquilina
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 St.
                 
                 Pancrace's
                 Gate
                 ,
                 formerly
                 Aurelia
                 and
                 Septima
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 The
                 Porta
                 Maggiore
                 ,
                 formerly
                 Nevia
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 La
                 Porta
                 Septimiana
                 ,
                 formerly
                 Fontinalis
                 .
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 St.
                 
                 John's
                 Gate
                 ,
                 or
                 Coeliomontana
                 .
              
               
                 15.
                 
                 The
                 Vatican
                 Gate
                 near
                 Tiber.
                 
              
               
                 16.
                 
                 La
                 Porta
                 Fabricia
                 .
              
               
                 17.
                 
                 La
                 Porta
                 Pertusa
                 .
              
               
                 18.
                 
                 La
                 Porta
                 Angelica
                 .
              
               
                 19.
                 
                 The
                 Castle
                 Gate
                 .
              
               
               
                 Rome
                 is
                 Peopl'd
                 with
                 about
                 300000
                 Christians
                 ,
                 and
                 about
                 8
                 or
                 10000
                 Jews
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 obliged
                 every
                 Saturday
                 to
                 hear
                 a
                 Fryar
                 Preach
                 upon
                 their
                 Incredulity
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 Circuit
                 of
                 Rome
                 encloses
                 seven
                 Hills
                 ;
                 but
                 generally
                 they
                 never
                 reckon
                 above
                 seven
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 biggest
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 
                   Monte
                   Capitolino
                
                 ,
                 where
                 formerly
                 stood
                 the
                 Temples
                 of
                 above
                 Sixty
                 Deities
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 
                   Monte
                   Palatino
                
                 ,
                 formerly
                 the
                 Mansion
                 of
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Kings
                 ,
                 where
                 still
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Subterraneal
                 Vaults
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Garden
                 Farnaise
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Lovely
                 Gardens
                 for
                 Pleasure
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 
                   Monte
                   Aventino
                
                 ,
                 where
                 now
                 stands
                 
                   Santa
                   Sabina
                
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Monte
                   Celio
                
                 ,
                 which
                 extends
                 from
                 St.
                 Gregories
                 to
                 St.
                 
                   John
                   de
                   Laterano
                
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 
                   Monte
                   Esquelino
                
                 ,
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 the
                 Watch
                 that
                 stood
                 there
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 
                   Monte
                   Vioninale
                
                 ,
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 the
                 Oziers
                 with
                 which
                 it
                 was
                 formerly
                 overgrown
                 .
                 And
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 
                   Monte
                   Quirinale
                
                 ,
                 now
                 
                   Monte
                   Cavallo
                
                 ,
                 ever
                 since
                 the
                 setting
                 up
                 in
                 that
                 place
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 Marble
                 
                 Bucephalus's
                 which
                 Tiridates
                 King
                 of
                 Armenia
                 presented
                 to
                 Nero.
                 The
                 Popes
                 also
                 have
                 built
                 upon
                 it
                 a
                 Magnificent
                 Palace
                 for
                 their
                 Summer
                 Habitation
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 reck'n
                 fourscore
                 Parishes
                 in
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Churches
                 :
                 Of
                 which
                 the
                 Seven
                 principal
                 ,
                 whither
                 the
                 People
                 repair
                 to
                 obtain
                 Indulgences
                 ,
                 are
                 St.
                 
                 Peter's
                 in
                 Vaticano
                 ,
                 St.
                 
                 Paul's
                 without
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 St.
                 
                   Maria
                   Maggiore
                
                 ,
                 St.
                 Sebastians
                 ,
                 St.
                 
                   John
                   di
                   Laterano
                
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 Cross
                 of
                 Jerusalem
                 ,
                 and
                 St.
                 Laurences
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 
                 extream
                 hot
                 Weather
                 they
                 go
                 to
                 
                   Sancta
                   Maria
                   del
                   Popola
                
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 St.
                 Sebastians
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 two
                 sorts
                 of
                 Government
                 in
                 Rome
                 ;
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ;
                 and
                 both
                 the
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 some
                 Ecclesiastick
                 upon
                 whom
                 the
                 Pope
                 confers
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 has
                 under
                 him
                 a
                 Captain
                 of
                 a
                 Hunderd
                 Men
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 ready
                 upon
                 all
                 occasions
                 to
                 execute
                 the
                 Orders
                 of
                 the
                 Civil
                 Government
                 .
                 This
                 Captain
                 is
                 call'd
                 Bargello
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 Sbirri
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 wherein
                 the
                 Civil
                 Government
                 is
                 better
                 settl'd
                 then
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 All
                 sorts
                 of
                 Provisions
                 are
                 rated
                 in
                 the
                 Markets
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Shops
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Inns
                 ,
                 where
                 no
                 body
                 can
                 sell
                 any
                 thing
                 but
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Rate
                 set
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 Bills
                 set
                 up
                 in
                 all
                 Inns
                 containing
                 the
                 Price
                 of
                 Bread
                 ,
                 Wine
                 and
                 Meat
                 ,
                 &c.
                 and-for
                 the
                 Information
                 of
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 the
                 Inn-keepers
                 may
                 not
                 deceive
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 ignorant
                 of
                 the
                 Language
                 ,
                 or
                 who
                 cannot
                 read
                 ,
                 the
                 Sbirri
                 many
                 times
                 stop
                 Strangers
                 in
                 the
                 Streets
                 ,
                 to
                 know
                 of
                 'em
                 where
                 they
                 Lodge
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 they
                 pay
                 a
                 Meal
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 offend
                 against
                 the
                 Orders
                 of
                 the
                 Civil
                 Government
                 may
                 be
                 soundly
                 fin'd
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 Inn-keepers
                 napping
                 ,
                 many
                 times
                 the
                 Sbirri
                 go
                 and
                 Lodge
                 in
                 the
                 Inns
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Disguise
                 of
                 Forreigners
                 ,
                 especially
                 where
                 they
                 have
                 any
                 suspicion
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Ecclesiastical
                 Government
                 ,
                 it
                 resides
                 in
                 the
                 Person
                 of
                 the
                 Pope
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Cardinal
                 Patron
                 under
                 the
                 Character
                 of
                 his
                 Vicar
                 General
                 .
                 When
                 there
                 is
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 be
                 regulated
                 ,
                 the
                 Pope
                 calls
                 a
                 Congregation
                 ,
                 where
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 
                 Cardinals
                 are
                 present
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Bishops
                 and
                 Doctors
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 Important
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 are
                 in
                 Agitation
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 propos'd
                 in
                 a
                 Consistory
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Pope
                 usually
                 holds
                 every
                 15
                 Days
                 ,
                 where
                 all
                 the
                 Cardinals
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 Rome
                 must
                 be
                 present
                 .
              
               
                 None
                 but
                 the
                 Cardinals
                 ,
                 whose
                 Assembly
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Colledge
                 ,
                 have
                 any
                 Right
                 in
                 the
                 Election
                 of
                 the
                 New
                 Pope
                 .
                 This
                 Name
                 of
                 Cardinal
                 was
                 formerly
                 given
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Curates
                 of
                 Parishes
                 in
                 Rome
                 .
                 Nor
                 was
                 it
                 till
                 after
                 the
                 Famous
                 Council
                 held
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Pontificare
                 of
                 Nicholas
                 II.
                 in
                 1053.
                 that
                 the
                 Cardinals
                 assum'd
                 to
                 themselves
                 the
                 only
                 Right
                 of
                 choosing
                 the
                 Soveraign
                 Pontiff
                 .
                 Their
                 number
                 is
                 fix'd
                 to
                 Seventy
                 ,
                 viz.
                 Fifty
                 Priest
                 Cardinals
                 ,
                 Fourteen
                 Deacon
                 Cardinals
                 ,
                 and
                 Six
                 Bishop
                 Cardinals
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 Bishops
                 of
                 
                   Porto
                   ,
                   Ostia
                   ,
                   Sabina
                   ,
                   Palestrina
                   ,
                   Frescari
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Albano
                 .
                 For
                 these
                 Bishopprick
                 Suffragans
                 to
                 the
                 Pope
                 ,
                 as
                 their
                 Metropolitain
                 are
                 always
                 enjoy'd
                 by
                 a
                 Cardinal
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Lion
                 held
                 in
                 1243.
                 
                 Pope
                 Innocent
                 IV.
                 gave
                 the
                 Red
                 Cap
                 to
                 the
                 Cardinals
                 .
                 Paul
                 II.
                 in
                 1464.
                 allow'd
                 'em
                 Red
                 Habits
                 ;
                 Gregory
                 XIV
                 .
                 gave
                 a
                 Red
                 Bonnet
                 to
                 the
                 Regular
                 Cardinals
                 ,
                 who
                 before
                 that
                 time
                 wore
                 only
                 a
                 Hat
                 ,
                 and
                 Vrban
                 VIII
                 .
                 allow'd
                 'em
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Eminency
                 ,
                 till
                 then
                 addrest
                 to
                 by
                 no
                 other
                 Title
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 Illustrissimo
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 the
                 Time
                 of
                 the
                 Promotion
                 of
                 Cardinals
                 ,
                 the
                 Pope
                 being
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 Consistory
                 ,
                 tells
                 the
                 Cardinals
                 that
                 are
                 present
                 ,
                 
                   You
                   have
                   for
                   your
                   Brethren
                
                 ,
                 N.
                 N.
                 and
                 then
                 he
                 causes
                 the
                 List
                 of
                 their
                 Names
                 and
                 Qualities
                 to
                 be
                 read
                 .
                 Which
                 done
                 
                 the
                 Cardinal
                 Patron
                 sends
                 for
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 carries
                 'em
                 to
                 the
                 Pope
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 Red
                 Bonnet
                 at
                 his
                 Hands
                 I
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 first
                 Consistory
                 ,
                 His
                 Holiness
                 gives
                 'em
                 the
                 Hat
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 Ceremony
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Opening
                 and
                 Shuting
                 the
                 Mouths
                 of
                 the
                 New
                 Cardinals
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 absent
                 ,
                 the
                 Pope
                 dispatches
                 away
                 an
                 Express
                 to
                 carry
                 'em
                 the
                 Bonnet
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 are
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 go
                 to
                 Rome
                 ,
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 Hat
                 from
                 His
                 Holinesses
                 Hands
                 .
                 The
                 Cardinals
                 Habits
                 ,
                 are
                 a
                 Cassock
                 ,
                 a
                 Rochet
                 ,
                 a
                 Mantelet
                 ,
                 the
                 Mozette
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Papal
                 Cope
                 upon
                 Solemn
                 Days
                 .
                 The
                 Colour
                 of
                 their
                 Habit
                 varies
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Season
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 Light
                 Crimson
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 Violet
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 Murrey
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 very
                 dark
                 Crimson
                 ,
                 The
                 Cardinals
                 are
                 in
                 great
                 Reputation
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 great
                 Priviledges
                 :
                 Among
                 which
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 a
                 Cardinal
                 chances
                 to
                 pass
                 through
                 any
                 place
                 where
                 any
                 Criminal
                 is
                 led
                 to
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 the
                 Cardinals
                 presence
                 gives
                 a
                 full
                 Pardon
                 for
                 his
                 Crime
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 place
                 where
                 the
                 Cardinals
                 meet
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 Election
                 of
                 a
                 new
                 Pope
                 when
                 the
                 See
                 is
                 vacant
                 ,
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Conclave
                 .
                 This
                 Conclave
                 is
                 not
                 fix'd
                 to
                 any
                 place
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Cardinals
                 to
                 make
                 choice
                 of
                 any
                 place
                 which
                 they
                 shall
                 deem
                 convenient
                 .
                 However
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Vatican
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 commodious
                 for
                 many
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 this
                 Assembly
                 has
                 been
                 held
                 there
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Deliberation
                 of
                 the
                 Cardinals
                 about
                 the
                 Choice
                 of
                 a
                 place
                 for
                 the
                 Conclave
                 is
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 a
                 bare
                 Formality
                 .
              
               
               
                 There
                 are
                 so
                 many
                 Cells
                 as
                 there
                 are
                 Cardinals
                 ,
                 erected
                 in
                 a
                 spacious
                 Apartment
                 of
                 the
                 Palace
                 ;
                 which
                 Cells
                 are
                 made
                 of
                 Deal-Boards
                 ,
                 every
                 Cardinals
                 Conclavist
                 having
                 his
                 Partition
                 also
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 a
                 Person
                 shut
                 up
                 with
                 the
                 Cardinal
                 to
                 wait
                 upon
                 him
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Cells
                 are
                 ready
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 drawn
                 by
                 Lot
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 Cardinal
                 furnishes
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 sets
                 up
                 his
                 Arms
                 over
                 the
                 Door
                 .
                 The
                 Cells
                 are
                 finish'd
                 in
                 Nine
                 Days
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 time
                 the
                 Pope's
                 Funeral
                 Obsequies
                 being
                 over
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Tenth
                 ,
                 the
                 Cardinals
                 that
                 are
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 enter
                 the
                 Conclave
                 ;
                 and
                 without
                 staying
                 for
                 the
                 Arriual
                 of
                 the
                 Absent
                 Cardinals
                 ,
                 labour
                 Morning
                 and
                 Evening
                 in
                 the
                 Election
                 of
                 the
                 Pope
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 absent
                 Cardinals
                 arrive
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 they
                 spend
                 some
                 Days
                 in
                 Visits
                 ,
                 and
                 reposing
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 they
                 enter
                 the
                 Conclave
                 also
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Pope
                 is
                 Dead
                 ,
                 the
                 Publick
                 is
                 inform'd
                 of
                 it
                 by
                 the
                 ringing
                 of
                 a
                 Bell
                 that
                 hangs
                 in
                 the
                 Capitol
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 is
                 never
                 towl'd
                 upon
                 any
                 other
                 occasion
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Courriers
                 are
                 dispatch'd
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Princes
                 of
                 Europe
                 that
                 profess
                 the
                 
                   Roman
                   Catholick
                   Religion
                
                 ,
                 to
                 inform
                 'em
                 of
                 the
                 Pope's
                 Death
                 ,
                 The
                 Cardinal
                 Chamberlain
                 removes
                 to
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 and
                 takes
                 possession
                 of
                 the
                 Fishermans
                 Ring
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 Deceased
                 Pope's
                 Signet
                 ,
                 and
                 breaks
                 it
                 to
                 pieces
                 ,
                 because
                 all
                 Dispatches
                 of
                 Bulls
                 cease
                 during
                 the
                 Vacancy
                 of
                 the
                 See.
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 gives
                 out
                 all
                 necessary
                 Orders
                 for
                 the
                 Pope's
                 Funeral
                 ,
                 whose
                 Body
                 is
                 Embaulm'd
                 and
                 carry'd
                 into
                 a
                 Chappel
                 of
                 St.
                 
                 Peter's
                 Church
                 ,
                 and
                 expos'd
                 upon
                 a
                 Bed
                 of
                 State
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 come
                 and
                 kiss
                 his
                 Feet
                 through
                 a
                 Grate
                 .
                 The
                 Funeral
                 
                 Obsequies
                 last
                 Nine
                 Days
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Ceremony
                 is
                 perform'd
                 by
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Colledge
                 .
                 During
                 the
                 Vacancies
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 See
                 ,
                 the
                 Three
                 Chiefs
                 of
                 the
                 Orders
                 of
                 the
                 Colledge
                 ,
                 viz.
                 the
                 Dean
                 of
                 the
                 Cardinal
                 Bishops
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 Cardinal
                 Priest
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 first
                 Cardinal
                 Deacon
                 ,
                 have
                 in
                 their
                 hands
                 the
                 whole
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 Ecclesiastical
                 State
                 ,
                 and
                 before
                 they
                 shut
                 themselves
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Conclave
                 ,
                 they
                 issue
                 forth
                 all
                 necessary
                 Orders
                 for
                 the
                 Publick
                 Security
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 Rome
                 as
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 State.
                 
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 enter
                 into
                 a
                 particular
                 description
                 of
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 Electing
                 Popes
                 since
                 
                 Linus's
                 time
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 succeeded
                 St.
                 Peter
                 till
                 this
                 present
                 time
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 would
                 carry
                 me
                 too
                 far
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Ecclesiastical
                 History
                 has
                 amply
                 satisfy'd
                 that
                 piece
                 of
                 Curiosity
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 observable
                 in
                 that
                 History
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 and
                 the
                 Clergy
                 joyntly
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 the
                 Clergy
                 alone
                 proceeded
                 to
                 this
                 Election
                 ;
                 that
                 at
                 other
                 times
                 the
                 Princes
                 and
                 Emperors
                 have
                 assum'd
                 to
                 themselves
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 appointing
                 whom
                 they
                 pleased
                 to
                 be
                 Popes
                 ,
                 and
                 reserv'd
                 the
                 Confirmation
                 also
                 to
                 themselves
                 :
                 That
                 
                   Lewis
                   the
                   Debonaire
                
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Successors
                 Lotharre
                 I.
                 and
                 Lewis
                 II.
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Liberty
                 of
                 Election
                 to
                 the
                 Church
                 in
                 the
                 Ninth
                 Age
                 :
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 again
                 taken
                 from
                 her
                 in
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Otho
                 I.
                 and
                 not
                 restor'd
                 to
                 her
                 again
                 till
                 in
                 the
                 Twelfth
                 Age.
                 But
                 now
                 briefly
                 to
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 Election
                 in
                 use
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Cardinals
                 that
                 compose
                 the
                 Conclave
                 repair
                 Morning
                 and
                 Evening
                 to
                 the
                 Chappel
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Scrutiny
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 purpose
                 they
                 carry
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 'em
                 a
                 little
                 Ticket
                 ,
                 wherein
                 is
                 
                 written
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 Cardinal
                 for
                 whom
                 they
                 give
                 their
                 Suffrage
                 for
                 the
                 Pontificate
                 :
                 This
                 Billet
                 also
                 contains
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 Cardinal
                 Elector
                 ,
                 which
                 nevertheless
                 is
                 inclos'd
                 in
                 a
                 Cover
                 and
                 seal'd
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 instead
                 of
                 a
                 Superscription
                 such
                 a
                 Motto
                 or
                 short
                 saying
                 as
                 the
                 Person
                 thinks
                 of
                 ;
                 as
                 for
                 example
                 ,
                 
                   God
                   is
                   my
                   Help
                   .
                   —
                   The
                   Holy
                   Ghost
                   be
                   my
                   Guide
                   .
                
                 Every
                 Cardinal
                 throws
                 his
                 Billet
                 into
                 a
                 Chalice
                 that
                 stands
                 upon
                 the
                 Altar
                 of
                 the
                 Chappel
                 of
                 the
                 Conclave
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 all
                 the
                 Tickets
                 are
                 in
                 ,
                 two
                 Cardinals
                 are
                 appointed
                 to
                 open
                 the
                 first
                 Fould
                 of
                 the
                 Ticket
                 ,
                 and
                 read
                 aloud
                 the
                 Persons
                 Nam'd
                 to
                 the
                 Pontificate
                 which
                 are
                 writ
                 down
                 in
                 a
                 Register
                 ,
                 yet
                 not
                 breaking
                 open
                 the
                 Seal
                 that
                 encloses
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 him
                 that
                 gives
                 his
                 Suffrage
                 ,
                 unless
                 it
                 be
                 found
                 that
                 two
                 Thirds
                 of
                 the
                 Suffrages
                 are
                 for
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Person
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 number
                 requisite
                 to
                 render
                 the
                 Election
                 Authentick
                 ;
                 but
                 then
                 the
                 Seals
                 are
                 broke
                 open
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 New
                 Pope
                 has
                 the
                 satisfaction
                 to
                 know
                 who
                 were
                 the
                 Persons
                 that
                 contributed
                 to
                 his
                 Election
                 .
                 This
                 Scrutiny
                 also
                 continues
                 till
                 two
                 Thirds
                 of
                 the
                 Voices
                 meet
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 reading
                 of
                 the
                 Scrutiny
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 two
                 Thirds
                 of
                 the
                 Suffrages
                 do
                 not
                 agree
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 Person
                 ,
                 then
                 they
                 have
                 recourse
                 to
                 that
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 Anough
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 every
                 one
                 is
                 at
                 Liberty
                 to
                 give
                 his
                 Voice
                 for
                 him
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 most
                 by
                 the
                 Scrutiny
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 Reservation
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Person
                 is
                 not
                 permitted
                 to
                 give
                 his
                 Voice
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Anough
                 ,
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 whom
                 they
                 had
                 given
                 it
                 by
                 the
                 Scrutiny
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 at
                 length
                 ,
                 neither
                 the
                 Scrutiny
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Anough
                 determine
                 the
                 Election
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Tickets
                 are
                 burnt
                 ,
                 to
                 
                 the
                 end
                 the
                 Names
                 of
                 the
                 Electors
                 may
                 be
                 kept
                 secret
                 .
                 Sometimes
                 the
                 Election
                 is
                 carry'd
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Inspiration
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 call
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 an
                 open
                 Declaration
                 ,
                 several
                 Cardinals
                 crying
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 such
                 a
                 one
                 Pope
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 is
                 never
                 us'd
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 They
                 who
                 make
                 that
                 Exclamation
                 are
                 assur'd
                 that
                 they
                 shall
                 be
                 upheld
                 by
                 the
                 Suffrages
                 of
                 two
                 Thirds
                 of
                 the
                 Assembly
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 any
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Cardinals
                 is
                 Elected
                 .
                 Pope
                 ,
                 the
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 Ceremonies
                 repairs
                 to
                 his
                 Cell
                 ,
                 to
                 carry
                 him
                 the
                 Tidings
                 of
                 his
                 Exaltatation
                 ;
                 after
                 which
                 he
                 is
                 conducted
                 to
                 the
                 Chappel
                 ,
                 and
                 Rob'd
                 with
                 the
                 Pontifical
                 Habit
                 :
                 Which
                 done
                 he
                 receives
                 the
                 Adoration
                 of
                 the
                 Cardinals
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 Respects
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 accustom'd
                 to
                 pay
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Pontiff
                 .
                 That
                 done
                 ,
                 they
                 seat
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Pontifical
                 Chair
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 him
                 upon
                 the
                 Altar
                 of
                 the
                 Apostles
                 in
                 St.
                 
                 Peter's
                 Church
                 ▪
                 where
                 the
                 Cardinals
                 perform
                 the
                 Ceremony
                 of
                 Adoration
                 a
                 second
                 time
                 .
                 From
                 thence
                 his
                 Holiness
                 is
                 reconducted
                 to
                 his
                 Apartment
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 Days
                 after
                 they
                 proceed
                 to
                 the
                 Ceremony
                 of
                 his
                 Coronation
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 a
                 Temporal
                 Prince
                 .
                 And
                 here
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 observ'd
                 the
                 two
                 Qualifications
                 of
                 a
                 Pope
                 ;
                 the
                 one
                 is
                 as
                 he
                 is
                 the
                 Soveraign
                 Pontiff
                 and
                 Head
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 is
                 a
                 Temporal
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 Sovereign
                 of
                 a
                 considerable
                 State.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Ceremony
                 of
                 the
                 Coronation
                 is
                 perform'd
                 in
                 St.
                 
                 Peter's
                 Church
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Throne
                 erected
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 the
                 new
                 Pope
                 ascends
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 seated
                 ▪
                 his
                 Miter
                 is
                 taken
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Crown
                 set
                 upon
                 his
                 Head
                 before
                 all
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 
                 And
                 then
                 begins
                 the
                 Cavalcade
                 from
                 St.
                 Peters
                 to
                 St.
                 
                   John
                   di
                   Laterano
                
                 ,
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 all
                 the
                 Cardinals
                 ,
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 Ambassadors
                 accompany
                 him
                 on
                 Horseback
                 .
                 Being
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 St.
                 
                   John
                   di
                   Laterano
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Archbishop
                 of
                 that
                 Church
                 presents
                 the
                 Pope
                 with
                 two
                 Keys
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 of
                 Silver
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 has
                 given
                 the
                 Canons
                 leave
                 to
                 kiss
                 his
                 Feet
                 ,
                 his
                 Holiness
                 is
                 attended
                 back
                 to
                 his
                 Palace
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Ceremony
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Account
                 which
                 I
                 am
                 going
                 to
                 give
                 of
                 the
                 Curiosities
                 in
                 Rome
                 most
                 worthy
                 the
                 observation
                 of
                 a
                 Traveller
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 endeavour
                 to
                 omit
                 nothing
                 considerable
                 of
                 what
                 came
                 to
                 my
                 knowledge
                 ,
                 and
                 begin
                 with
                 a
                 Description
                 of
                 the
                 Churches
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 fairest
                 and
                 best
                 adorn'd
                 of
                 any
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Church
                 of
                 St.
                 Peter
                 is
                 deservedly
                 lookt
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 beautiful
                 ,
                 the
                 largest
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 Superb
                 in
                 Europe
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 built
                 in
                 the
                 Form
                 of
                 a
                 Cross
                 ,
                 840
                 Geometrical
                 Paces
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 725
                 in
                 breadth
                 ,
                 300
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 1465
                 in
                 Circuit
                 .
                 The
                 Roof
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 guilt
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Lead
                 and
                 Copper
                 guilt
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 Structure
                 is
                 lin'd
                 with
                 Marble
                 within
                 and
                 without
                 side
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 pav'd
                 with
                 square
                 panes
                 of
                 Marble
                 :
                 Above
                 one
                 hundred
                 Pillars
                 support
                 the
                 Roof
                 .
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 ancient
                 Emperors
                 despoyl'd
                 Asia
                 :
                 Among
                 the
                 rest
                 there
                 are
                 Twelve
                 that
                 Vespatian
                 brought
                 away
                 from
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Solomon
                 .
                 I
                 say
                 nothing
                 of
                 the
                 Riches
                 that
                 glister
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Chappels
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 nor
                 of
                 the
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Relicks
                 which
                 are
                 there
                 preserv'd
                 .
                 Those
                 for
                 which
                 the
                 People
                 have
                 the
                 
                 greatest
                 Veneration
                 are
                 the
                 Vail
                 of
                 St.
                 Veronica
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Picture
                 of
                 our
                 Saviour's
                 Face
                 ;
                 the
                 Lance
                 that
                 was
                 run
                 into
                 his
                 Body
                 ;
                 St.
                 
                 Peter's
                 Wooden
                 Pulpit
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 several
                 Saints
                 .
                 The
                 Portico
                 of
                 this
                 Church
                 is
                 289
                 Foot
                 long
                 ,
                 40
                 broad
                 ,
                 and
                 133
                 in
                 height
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 has
                 five
                 Doors
                 that
                 answer
                 to
                 the
                 five
                 Doors
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 one
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Holy
                 Door
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 never
                 open'd
                 but
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 Jubilee
                 .
              
               
                 Over
                 the
                 Domo
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 stands
                 a
                 Cupola
                 ,
                 or
                 Globe
                 of
                 Copper
                 guilt
                 ,
                 which
                 below
                 seems
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Foot
                 in
                 Diameter
                 ,
                 nevertheless
                 it
                 will
                 hold
                 above
                 Twenty
                 Men.
                 After
                 you
                 have
                 ascended
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Steps
                 ,
                 you
                 come
                 to
                 a
                 Ladder
                 of
                 Eighteen
                 Rounds
                 which
                 joyns
                 to
                 the
                 Foot
                 that
                 sustains
                 the
                 Globe
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 you
                 must
                 get
                 up
                 with
                 great
                 trouble
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 a
                 Rope
                 that
                 is
                 fasten'd
                 above
                 ,
                 and
                 hangs
                 down
                 by
                 the
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Ladder
                 .
                 This
                 Globe
                 is
                 about
                 a
                 Fingers
                 breadth
                 in
                 thickness
                 ,
                 having
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 four
                 small
                 Clefts
                 ,
                 two
                 Inches
                 broad
                 ,
                 and
                 six
                 high
                 to
                 let
                 in
                 the
                 Light
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 Iron
                 Bars
                 run
                 a-cross
                 it
                 for
                 People
                 to
                 sit
                 upon
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 observable
                 that
                 no
                 Body
                 is
                 permitted
                 to
                 go
                 into
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 Summer
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 being
                 stifl'd
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 said
                 that
                 St.
                 
                 Peter's
                 Church
                 cost
                 Forty
                 Three
                 Millions
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 Work
                 of
                 Twenty
                 three
                 Popes
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Church
                 of
                 
                   St.
                   John
                   ,
                   di
                   Laterano
                
                 ,
                 is
                 very
                 considerable
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 the
                 Antiquity
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 Episcopal
                 Church
                 of
                 Rome
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 there
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Pope
                 takes
                 Possession
                 of
                 his
                 Dignity
                 .
                 There
                 it
                 was
                 also
                 where
                 the
                 Emperors
                 receiv'd
                 a
                 Crown
                 of
                 Gold
                 :
                 It
                 is
                 all
                 
                 Pav'd
                 with
                 Marble
                 ,
                 and
                 supported
                 with
                 Four
                 rows
                 of
                 Guilded
                 Pillars
                 .
                 Before
                 the
                 Church
                 stands
                 an
                 Obelisk
                 ,
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fifteen
                 Foot
                 high
                 ,
                 erected
                 by
                 Sixtus
                 V.
                 This
                 Church
                 was
                 built
                 by
                 Constantine
                 the
                 Great
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 Conversion
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 318.
                 and
                 enrich'd
                 with
                 several
                 Crowns
                 of
                 Massie
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 .
                 The
                 Kings
                 of
                 France
                 have
                 a
                 Right
                 to
                 present
                 Two
                 Canons
                 of
                 this
                 Church
                 to
                 his
                 Holiness
                 ,
                 in
                 consideration
                 of
                 the
                 Great
                 Benefits
                 this
                 Church
                 has
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 
                   His
                   Most
                   Christian
                   Majesty
                
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Solemn
                 Service
                 said
                 in
                 it
                 every
                 year
                 in
                 Memory
                 of
                 Henry
                 IV.
                 of
                 France
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 enchac'd
                 in
                 the
                 Great
                 Altar
                 ,
                 another
                 little
                 Altar
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   St.
                   Peter
                
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Successors
                 said
                 Mass
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 could
                 be
                 admitted
                 the
                 Publick
                 exercise
                 of
                 Divine
                 Worship
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 no
                 body
                 must
                 say
                 Mass
                 upon
                 this
                 Altar
                 but
                 the
                 Pope
                 himself
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 Cardinal
                 that
                 represents
                 his
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 must
                 have
                 an
                 Apostolick
                 Brief
                 for
                 that
                 too
                 .
                 A
                 Chair
                 of
                 Porphyrie
                 is
                 also
                 shown
                 to
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 Pope
                 Seats
                 himself
                 at
                 the
                 Door
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 takes
                 Possession
                 of
                 the
                 Papacy
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 a
                 World
                 of
                 Relicks
                 in
                 this
                 Church
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Ark
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Old
                   Testament
                
                 ,
                 Moses's
                 Rod
                 ,
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 
                   St.
                   Peter
                   ,
                   St.
                   Paul
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   St.
                   Zacharie
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 too
                 tedious
                 to
                 be
                 here
                 repeated
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 one
                 side
                 you
                 ascend
                 to
                 
                   St.
                   John
                   de
                   Laterano
                
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Scala
                   Santa
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Holy
                   Ladder
                
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 Twelve
                 Steps
                 of
                 White
                 Marble
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 by
                 which
                 Christ
                 ascended
                 into
                 Pilates
                 Palace
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 Helena
                 sent
                 from
                 Jerusalem
                 to
                 her
                 Son
                 
                 Constantine
                 ,
                 then
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 People
                 creep
                 up
                 these
                 Stairs
                 upon
                 their
                 Knees
                 out
                 of
                 Devotion
                 .
              
               
                 St.
                 Anastasius's
                 Church
                 was
                 formerly
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Neptune
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Church
                 of
                 
                   St.
                   Theodore
                
                 was
                 formerly
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Romulus
                 and
                 Remus
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 built
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 place
                 where
                 the
                 Two
                 Founders
                 of
                 Rome
                 were
                 Suckl'd
                 by
                 the
                 Wolfe
                 .
                 The
                 Hospital
                 of
                 
                   Nostra
                   Madonna
                
                 of
                 Consolation
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Vesta
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 
                   Vestal
                   Virgins
                
                 kept
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Fire
                 .
              
               
                 St.
                 Agnes's
                 Church
                 was
                 formerly
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 ;
                 That
                 of
                 
                   St.
                   Alexis
                
                 upon
                 Mount
                 Aventine
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Hercules
                 .
                 Upon
                 
                   St.
                   Anthony
                
                 of
                 
                 Padua's
                 Day
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 bring
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Beasts
                 to
                 his
                 Church
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Martian
                   Valley
                
                 ,
                 in
                 hopes
                 that
                 Saint
                 will
                 preserve
                 'em
                 from
                 all
                 Sickness
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 devouring
                 Jaws
                 of
                 the
                 Wolfe
                 .
                 Sta.
                 Barba's
                 in
                 the
                 Quarter
                 of
                 Pigna
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   Venus
                   .
                   St.
                   Bartholomews
                
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 and
                 
                   Escubapius
                   .
                   St.
                
                 Blase's
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 of
                 Mars
                 ,
                 was
                 another
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   Neptune
                   .
                   St.
                   Cosmo
                
                 and
                 
                   St.
                   Damian
                
                 was
                 another
                 Temple
                 ,
                 formerly
                 Dedicated
                 to
                 Romulus
                 and
                 
                   Remus
                   .
                   St.
                   Laurences
                
                 by
                 Janicola
                 was
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   Juno-Lucina
                   .
                   St.
                   Lucius
                
                 near
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   Apollo
                   .
                   St.
                   Maries
                
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   Capitoline
                   Hill
                
                 was
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Feretrius
                   .
                   St.
                
                 Nerea's
                 was
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   Isis
                   .
                   Sta.
                   Sabina
                
                 up
                 the
                 
                   Aventine
                   Mount
                
                 was
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Diana
                 .
              
               
                 St.
                 Martin's
                 Church
                 in
                 the
                 Mount
                 ,
                 is
                 remarkable
                 for
                 the
                 Vault
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 Place
                 wherein
                 the
                 Christian
                 Religion
                 was
                 First
                 
                 exercised
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 
                   St.
                   Sylvester
                
                 held
                 Two
                 Councils
                 ,
                 during
                 the
                 persecution
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 .
                 The
                 Church
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Holy
                   Cross
                
                 in
                 Jerusalem
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Seven
                 Consecrated
                 to
                 the
                 Cross
                 ,
                 was
                 built
                 by
                 Constantine
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 ruins
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Venus
                 and
                 Jupiter
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 the
                 Infidels
                 had
                 erected
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 Venus
                 upon
                 
                   Mount
                   Calvarie
                
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 given
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 that
                 Goddess
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Mount.
                   Sta.
                   Helena
                
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Superficies
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 to
                 be
                 par'd
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 the
                 Earth
                 to
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Constantine
                 her
                 Son
                 ,
                 who
                 put
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 Chappel
                 of
                 that
                 Church
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 kept
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Reliques
                 .
              
               
                 
                   St.
                   Pauls
                
                 Church
                 ,
                 a
                 Mile
                 without
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 was
                 also
                 founded
                 by
                 Constantine
                 ,
                 in
                 Honour
                 of
                 that
                 Apostle
                 ,
                 who
                 lies
                 there
                 Enterr'd
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 477
                 Foot
                 Long
                 ,
                 258
                 Broad
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 supported
                 by
                 100
                 Pillars
                 of
                 White
                 Marble
                 ,
                 in
                 Four
                 Rows
                 .
                 The
                 Church
                 of
                 
                   St.
                   Maries
                   de
                   la
                   Rotonda
                
                 ,
                 formerly
                 the
                 Pantheon
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 considerable
                 Structure
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 that
                 Agrippa
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 Founder
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 set
                 up
                 the
                 Statues
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Deities
                 therein
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 order
                 of
                 Dignity
                 which
                 the
                 Heathens
                 ascrib'd
                 to
                 'em
                 ;
                 as
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Model
                 of
                 several
                 new
                 Churches
                 has
                 been
                 taken
                 from
                 the
                 round
                 Form
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 This
                 same
                 Structure
                 is
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 forty
                 Foot
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 Broad
                 ,
                 without
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 having
                 no
                 other
                 support
                 then
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 which
                 makes
                 it
                 lookt
                 upon
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 boldest
                 pieces
                 of
                 Architecture
                 that
                 is
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Light
                 but
                 what
                 comes
                 in
                 at
                 the
                 Door
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 an
                 Overture
                 ,
                 about
                 Eight
                 Fathom
                 in
                 circumference
                 ,
                 it
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 .
                 This
                 Building
                 was
                 formerly
                 cover'd
                 
                 with
                 Plates
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 of
                 Copper
                 ,
                 and
                 since
                 that
                 with
                 Lead
                 ;
                 but
                 now
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 with
                 Large
                 Stones
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 Hospitals
                 in
                 Rome
                 ,
                 every
                 Nation
                 having
                 one
                 particularly
                 belonging
                 to
                 it
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Hospital
                 of
                 the
                 Trinity
                 ,
                 erected
                 by
                 Clement
                 VIII
                 .
                 actually
                 maintains
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Persons
                 ;
                 not
                 to
                 mention
                 such
                 as
                 come
                 by
                 chance
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Apostles
                 Church
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 every
                 year
                 an
                 Election
                 of
                 Twelve
                 Gentlemen
                 and
                 one
                 Prelate
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 distribution
                 of
                 Alms
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 asham'd
                 to
                 make
                 known
                 their
                 Necessities
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 discovered
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 several
                 Boxes
                 Lock'd
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 up
                 in
                 Publick
                 Places
                 ,
                 having
                 little
                 Grates
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 who
                 are
                 in
                 want
                 ,
                 may
                 put
                 in
                 little
                 Notes
                 containing
                 the
                 Places
                 of
                 their
                 Abode
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 Houses
                 for
                 young
                 Girls
                 of
                 Ten
                 or
                 Twelve
                 years
                 of
                 Age
                 ,
                 when
                 their
                 Parents
                 are
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 provide
                 for
                 'em
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 lest
                 Poverty
                 should
                 tempt
                 'em
                 to
                 prostitute
                 themselves
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 another
                 House
                 ,
                 over
                 the
                 Gate
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 read
                 this
                 Inscription
                 ,
                 
                   Per
                   le
                   Donne
                   mal
                   maritate
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   Women
                   ill
                   Married
                
                 ;
                 Where
                 they
                 put
                 such
                 Women
                 as
                 are
                 unfortunately
                 Married
                 ,
                 or
                 cannot
                 agree
                 with
                 their
                 Husbands
                 :
                 and
                 where
                 they
                 stay
                 till
                 their
                 differences
                 are
                 reconcil'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 one
                 or
                 the
                 other
                 testifies
                 a
                 desire
                 to
                 live
                 peaceably
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 sorts
                 of
                 lewd
                 Strumpets
                 that
                 signifie
                 a
                 desire
                 to
                 Repent
                 and
                 Reform
                 their
                 Lives
                 ,
                 are
                 admitted
                 into
                 St.
                 
                   Mary
                   Magdalains
                
                 in
                 Corse
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 there
                 maintain'd
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 :
                 Nor
                 
                 are
                 they
                 Lock'd
                 up
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 Spinning-House
                 ,
                 in
                 Amsterdam
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 must
                 see
                 no
                 Men
                 ,
                 unless
                 it
                 be
                 their
                 Confessor
                 and
                 their
                 Physitian
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 who
                 report
                 that
                 Brothel-houses
                 are
                 permitted
                 in
                 Rome
                 ,
                 say
                 true
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 when
                 they
                 add
                 that
                 the
                 Pope
                 approves
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 receives
                 a
                 Tribute
                 from
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 difference
                 between
                 approving
                 and
                 conniving
                 .
                 Judaism
                 is
                 no
                 more
                 approved
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 then
                 in
                 England
                 and
                 Holland
                 ,
                 thô
                 the
                 Jews
                 are
                 suffer'd
                 in
                 all
                 these
                 places
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 their
                 Publick
                 Synagogues
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Popes
                 are
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 laying
                 any
                 Tribute
                 upon
                 the
                 infamous
                 Traffick
                 of
                 the
                 Daughters
                 of
                 Joy
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 the
                 Founders
                 of
                 several
                 Hospitals
                 for
                 the
                 maintenance
                 of
                 young
                 Girls
                 ,
                 whose
                 Fathers
                 and
                 Mothers
                 are
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 keep
                 'em
                 ,
                 lest
                 Poverty
                 should
                 tempt
                 them
                 to
                 Libertinism
                 :
                 and
                 they
                 are
                 maintain'd
                 in
                 those
                 Houses
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 are
                 of
                 an
                 Age
                 to
                 Marry
                 ,
                 or
                 enter
                 into
                 a
                 Religious
                 House
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 that
                 are
                 dispos'd
                 to
                 Marry
                 ,
                 have
                 a
                 reasonable
                 Portion
                 allow'd
                 'em
                 ,
                 proportionable
                 to
                 the
                 Match
                 that
                 offers
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 Annunciation
                 Day
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 considerable
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 distributed
                 in
                 the
                 Dominicans
                 Church
                 to
                 300
                 young
                 Virgins
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 those
                 Hospitals
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Laws
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 common
                 Prostitutes
                 are
                 very
                 rigorous
                 :
                 they
                 are
                 forbid
                 to
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 Assemblies
                 of
                 Honest
                 Women
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 frequent
                 the
                 places
                 where
                 they
                 walk
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 Air
                 :
                 they
                 must
                 not
                 go
                 in
                 a
                 Coach
                 in
                 the
                 Day
                 time
                 ;
                 nor
                 stirr
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Houses
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ;
                 nor
                 may
                 they
                 converse
                 together
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 they
                 may
                 have
                 no
                 opportunity
                 to
                 encourage
                 one
                 another
                 to
                 debaucherie
                 .
                 
                 They
                 are
                 forbid
                 upon
                 pain
                 of
                 exemplary
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 to
                 admit
                 any
                 company
                 into
                 their
                 Houses
                 during
                 Lent
                 ,
                 nor
                 during
                 the
                 Advent
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 bound
                 to
                 Register
                 their
                 Names
                 in
                 the
                 Publick
                 Registers
                 ,
                 kept
                 on
                 purpose
                 for
                 the
                 Curtisans
                 ;
                 who
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 are
                 lookt
                 upon
                 as
                 infamous
                 for
                 ever
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 not
                 admitted
                 to
                 the
                 Holy
                 Communion
                 ,
                 nor
                 Buried
                 in
                 Holy
                 Ground
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 nasty
                 places
                 along
                 by
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 they
                 cannot
                 make
                 a
                 Will
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 leave
                 any
                 Estate
                 behind
                 'em
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 rarely
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 all
                 confiscated
                 for
                 the
                 Benefit
                 of
                 the
                 Hospitals
                 for
                 young
                 Virgins
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 Places
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 Catacombs
                 ,
                 are
                 certain
                 Subterraneal
                 Walks
                 ,
                 or
                 Caverns
                 .
                 where
                 the
                 
                   Primitive
                   Christians
                
                 performed
                 the
                 Exercises
                 of
                 their
                 Religion
                 ,
                 during
                 the
                 Persecutions
                 of
                 the
                 Pagan
                 Emperors
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 they
                 privately
                 also
                 held
                 some
                 Councils
                 .
                 The
                 Catacombs
                 ,
                 most
                 known
                 in
                 Rome
                 ,
                 are
                 those
                 that
                 open
                 into
                 the
                 Churches
                 
                   St.
                   Pancras
                   ,
                   St.
                   Sebastian
                   ,
                   St.
                   Agnes
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   St.
                   Laurence
                
                 .
                 They
                 who
                 have
                 gone
                 through
                 'em
                 report
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 run
                 almost
                 quite
                 under
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 even
                 under
                 the
                 River
                 Tiber.
                 These
                 Vaults
                 are
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 about
                 Five
                 Foot
                 High
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 in
                 Breadth
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 which
                 lie
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 several
                 Saints
                 and
                 Martyrs
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 the
                 Pope
                 causes
                 the
                 Holy
                 Bodies
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 Presents
                 'em
                 to
                 Princes
                 and
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 by
                 such
                 Names
                 as
                 his
                 Holiness
                 thinks
                 proper
                 to
                 give
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 Places
                 in
                 these
                 Catacombs
                 ,
                 where
                 People
                 are
                 forc'd
                 to
                 crawl
                 along
                 upon
                 their
                 Bellies
                 ,
                 for
                 Twenty
                 or
                 Thirty
                 Paces
                 :
                 and
                 several
                 Persons
                 
                 that
                 have
                 gone
                 thither
                 to
                 visit
                 the
                 Tombs
                 of
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Christians
                 have
                 laid
                 their
                 own
                 Bones
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 engag'd
                 too
                 far
                 without
                 good
                 Guides
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 lost
                 themselves
                 ;
                 either
                 their
                 light
                 failing
                 'em
                 before
                 they
                 can
                 find
                 the
                 way
                 out
                 again
                 .
                 or
                 else
                 being
                 stifl'd
                 with
                 the
                 smoak
                 of
                 the
                 Torches
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Palace
                 of
                 St.
                 
                 Peter's
                 of
                 the
                 Vatican
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Popes
                 usually
                 reside
                 in
                 Winter
                 ,
                 is
                 seated
                 in
                 the
                 Burrough
                 ,
                 the
                 best
                 fortify'd
                 place
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 This
                 Palace
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 vast
                 extent
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 it
                 côntains
                 above
                 5000
                 Rooms
                 and
                 Chambers
                 .
                 It
                 has
                 three
                 rows
                 of
                 Galleries
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 Pictures
                 ,
                 representing
                 the
                 Principal
                 Histories
                 of
                 the
                 Old
                 and
                 New
                 Testament
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Chambers
                 also
                 are
                 an
                 infinite
                 Number
                 of
                 Marble
                 and
                 Alablaster
                 Statues
                 ;
                 more
                 especially
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Stone
                 to
                 be
                 admir'd
                 in
                 the
                 Imperial
                 Chamber
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 Nature
                 has
                 form'd
                 the
                 Image
                 of
                 Pius
                 V.
                 more
                 exactly
                 then
                 any
                 Pencil
                 could
                 have
                 drawn
                 it
                 upon
                 Cloth.
                 This
                 Palace
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 Hill
                 upon
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 seated
                 ,
                 was
                 begun
                 in
                 the
                 Pontificate
                 of
                 Nicholas
                 V.
                 and
                 finish'd
                 under
                 Leo
                 V.
                 but
                 was
                 embellish'd
                 with
                 Painting
                 and
                 Statues
                 by
                 Sixtus
                 V.
                 Clement
                 VIII
                 .
                 Vrban
                 VIII
                 .
                 and
                 their
                 Successors
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 made
                 it
                 a
                 Palace
                 fit
                 for
                 the
                 Residence
                 of
                 the
                 Severeign
                 Pontiffs
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Gallery
                 that
                 leads
                 to
                 Belvedere
                 ,
                 stands
                 the
                 Vatican
                 Library
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 lookt
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 fairest
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 for
                 Number
                 and
                 Curiosity
                 of
                 Books
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 There
                 are
                 an
                 infinite
                 Variety
                 of
                 Manuscripts
                 in
                 
                   Hebrew
                   ,
                   Greek
                   ,
                   Latin
                   ,
                   Arabick
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
                 Writings
                 upon
                 Leaves
                 of
                 Wood
                 ,
                 and
                 Tablets
                 of
                 
                 Wax
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 made
                 use
                 before
                 the
                 invention
                 of
                 Paper
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 large
                 Manuscript
                 Hebrew
                 Bible
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 Hebrew
                 Bible
                 written
                 upon
                 pieces
                 of
                 Parchment
                 roll'd
                 up
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 the
                 Latin
                 word
                 Volumen
                 ,
                 with
                 another
                 Manuscript
                 written
                 upon
                 the
                 Leaves
                 of
                 a
                 Tree
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Custome
                 was
                 in
                 those
                 days
                 ,
                 whence
                 the
                 Latin
                 word
                 Folium
                 for
                 the
                 Leaf
                 of
                 a
                 Book
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 Greek
                 Bible
                 ,
                 which
                 as
                 they
                 assure
                 us
                 ,
                 was
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Seventy
                 Copies
                 of
                 the
                 Seventy
                 Interpreters
                 who
                 Translated
                 the
                 Old
                 Testament
                 by
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 
                   Ptolomy
                   Philadelphus
                
                 ,
                 being
                 shut
                 up
                 every
                 one
                 apart
                 by
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 Before
                 they
                 leave
                 the
                 Vatican
                 ,
                 Travellers
                 go
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Garden
                 of
                 Belvedere
                 ,
                 so
                 call'd
                 because
                 from
                 that
                 place
                 you
                 have
                 a
                 prospect
                 over
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 observ'd
                 that
                 what
                 we
                 call
                 a
                 Garden
                 of
                 Pleasure
                 ,
                 in
                 Italy
                 they
                 call
                 a
                 Vinyard
                 .
                 This
                 Vinyard
                 of
                 Belvedcre
                 is
                 remarkable
                 for
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Marble
                 .
                 Brass
                 ,
                 and
                 Alablaster
                 Statues
                 ;
                 among
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Tiber
                 ,
                 resting
                 upon
                 a
                 Wolf
                 that
                 gives
                 suck
                 to
                 Romulus
                 and
                 Rhemus
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 Nilus
                 with
                 Seventeen
                 Children
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 about
                 a
                 fathom
                 in
                 height
                 ,
                 denoting
                 the
                 Seventeen
                 various
                 measures
                 to
                 which
                 the
                 Waters
                 of
                 that
                 River
                 encrease
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 Cleopatra
                 expiring
                 after
                 her
                 being
                 bitten
                 by
                 a
                 Serpent
                 twisted
                 about
                 her
                 Arm
                 ;
                 a
                 
                   Venus
                   Ericina
                
                 coming
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Bath
                 ;
                 the
                 Statues
                 of
                 
                   Bacchus
                   ,
                   Mercury
                   ,
                   Apollo
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Laocoon
                 and
                 his
                 Children
                 folded
                 about
                 with
                 two
                 Surpents
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Piazza
                 of
                 the
                 Vatican
                 ,
                 commonly
                 call'd
                 St.
                 
                 Peter's
                 Piazza
                 ,
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 fairest
                 in
                 Rome
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 a
                 Fountain
                 that
                 spouts
                 up
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 as
                 big
                 about
                 as
                 a
                 Man
                 's
                 Middle
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 high
                 as
                 a
                 Half-Pike
                 ;
                 and
                 an
                 Obelisk
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Needle
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 shape
                 and
                 height
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 Stone
                 that
                 was
                 brought
                 from
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Caligula
                 ,
                 at
                 an
                 incredible
                 charge
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 set
                 up
                 in
                 
                 Nero's
                 Circus
                 ;
                 but
                 Sixtus
                 V.
                 caus'd
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 remov'd
                 into
                 the
                 Vatioan
                 Piazza
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 217
                 Foot
                 high
                 ,
                 comprehending
                 the
                 Basis
                 about
                 12
                 Foot
                 in
                 circumference
                 below
                 ,
                 and
                 8
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 supported
                 by
                 four
                 Lions
                 of
                 Brass
                 guilt
                 ,
                 that
                 stand
                 upon
                 a
                 large
                 Pedestal
                 of
                 Marble
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Castle
                 of
                 St.
                 Angelo
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Fortresses
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 been
                 the
                 Sanctuary
                 of
                 several
                 Popes
                 in
                 the
                 Troubles
                 of
                 
                   Italy
                   .
                   Alexander
                
                 VI.
                 built
                 a
                 private
                 Coridor
                 ,
                 or
                 Gallery
                 ,
                 which
                 leads
                 from
                 the
                 Palace
                 of
                 St.
                 Peter
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 the
                 Popes
                 might
                 retire
                 in
                 a
                 Time
                 of
                 necessity
                 without
                 being
                 seen
                 .
                 Prisoners
                 of
                 State
                 are
                 committed
                 thither
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Treasure
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 the
                 Records
                 and
                 Rolls
                 ,
                 the
                 Triple
                 Crown
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 five
                 Millions
                 which
                 Sixtus
                 V.
                 laid
                 up
                 there
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 prohibition
                 upon
                 pain
                 of
                 Excommunication
                 to
                 all
                 his
                 Successors
                 ,
                 forbiding
                 'em
                 to
                 touch
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 upon
                 a
                 most
                 urgent
                 necessity
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 end
                 that
                 Sum
                 was
                 only
                 design'd
                 .
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 so
                 call'd
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 an
                 Angel
                 that
                 stands
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Frontispiece
                 with
                 a
                 Sword
                 in
                 his
                 Hand
                 ,
                 in
                 memory
                 of
                 St.
                 Gregories
                 Vision
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 an
                 Angel
                 
                 appear'd
                 to
                 him
                 sheathing
                 his
                 Sword
                 ,
                 to
                 let
                 him
                 understand
                 that
                 the
                 Wrath
                 of
                 God
                 was
                 appeasd
                 toward
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 very
                 much
                 afflicted
                 with
                 War
                 ,
                 Pestilence
                 and
                 Famine
                 .
              
               
                 Near
                 the
                 Castle
                 is
                 a
                 Bridge
                 over
                 the
                 Tiber
                 ,
                 call'd
                 St.
                 
                 Angelo's
                 Bridge
                 ,
                 built
                 almost
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 where
                 formerly
                 stood
                 the
                 Triumphal
                 Bridge
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Triumphs
                 that
                 were
                 decreed
                 in
                 Rome
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 that
                 way
                 .
                 But
                 now
                 we
                 see
                 no
                 more
                 remaining
                 but
                 only
                 the
                 sad
                 Ruines
                 of
                 that
                 Pompous
                 Vanity
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 the
                 Will
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 that
                 that
                 piece
                 of
                 solemn
                 Luxury
                 should
                 be
                 quite
                 extinct
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 the
                 Excess
                 of
                 those
                 Triumphs
                 was
                 grown
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 of
                 Exorbitancy
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 'em
                 continu'd
                 ,
                 Men
                 would
                 have
                 been
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 instead
                 of
                 Beasts
                 to
                 draw
                 the
                 Victors
                 Chariot
                 .
                 
                 Camillus's
                 was
                 drawn
                 by
                 four
                 White
                 Horses
                 ;
                 
                 Pompey's
                 by
                 four
                 Elephants
                 ;
                 
                 Mark-Antony's
                 by
                 four
                 Lyons
                 ;
                 and
                 
                 Nero's
                 by
                 four
                 Hermophradites
                 ;
                 
                 Aurelian's
                 by
                 six
                 Harts
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 Firmius's
                 by
                 six
                 Ostriches
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Capitol
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 ancient
                 Buildings
                 in
                 Rome
                 ,
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 a
                 Man
                 that
                 was
                 found
                 when
                 the
                 Foundations
                 of
                 it
                 were
                 laid
                 by
                 the
                 Orders
                 of
                 
                   Tarquin
                   the
                   Proud.
                
                 The
                 Structure
                 was
                 finish'd
                 and
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Brass
                 guilt
                 in
                 the
                 Consulship
                 of
                 
                   Pulvillus
                   .
                   Catulus
                
                 consecrated
                 it
                 to
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Capitolinus
                
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 was
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Statues
                 of
                 Massie
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 which
                 represented
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Roman
                 Magistrates
                 and
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 had
                 3000
                 Brass
                 Tables
                 when
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 was
                 consum'd
                 by
                 Fire
                 .
                 Nor
                 was
                 that
                 the
                 only
                 Fire
                 which
                 defac'd
                 this
                 Building
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 was
                 again
                 burnt
                 down
                 
                 in
                 
                 Sylla's
                 time
                 :
                 A
                 third
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Domitian
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 fourth
                 under
                 Commodus
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 it
                 wants
                 that
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Magnificence
                 which
                 formerly
                 render'd
                 it
                 so
                 famous
                 .
                 An
                 Ascent
                 of
                 128
                 Steps
                 led
                 up
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 are
                 still
                 remarkable
                 in
                 it
                 for
                 curious
                 pieces
                 of
                 Workmanship
                 two
                 Statues
                 of
                 Constantine
                 upon
                 two
                 Horses
                 of
                 Marble
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Grand
                 piazza
                 stands
                 a
                 Brass
                 Statue
                 of
                 
                   Marcus
                   Aurelius
                   Antoninus
                
                 on
                 Horse-back
                 .
                 The
                 Palace
                 of
                 the
                 Conservators
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Capitol
                 ,
                 is
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 very
                 curious
                 Statues
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 the
                 Quirinal
                 Hill
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Ruines
                 of
                 
                 Constantine's
                 Bathing
                 Places
                 .
                 These
                 sorts
                 of
                 Buildings
                 were
                 very
                 large
                 and
                 sumptuous
                 in
                 every
                 respect
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 are
                 also
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 at
                 Rome
                 some
                 Ruines
                 of
                 the
                 Emperors
                 
                   Alexander
                   ,
                   Severus
                   ,
                   Nero
                   ,
                   Titus
                   ,
                   Trajan
                   ,
                   Philippus
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                 Caracalla's
                 Baths
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 that
                 are
                 very
                 curious
                 are
                 easily
                 led
                 to
                 see
                 upon
                 the
                 Palatin
                 Hill
                 ,
                 the
                 Lake
                 or
                 Gulf
                 of
                 Curtius
                 ,
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 an
                 Abyss
                 whence
                 formerly
                 issued
                 forth
                 a
                 Stench
                 that
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Pestilence
                 in
                 Rome
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Oracle
                 being
                 consulted
                 ,
                 return'd
                 for
                 Answer
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Contagion
                 should
                 not
                 cease
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 had
                 thrown
                 into
                 the
                 Gulph
                 whatever
                 Rome
                 had
                 of
                 most
                 precious
                 .
                 Presently
                 the
                 Roman
                 Ladies
                 threw
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 Jewels
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 not
                 availing
                 Curtius
                 ,
                 a
                 Roman
                 Knight
                 ,
                 imagining
                 there
                 was
                 nothing
                 more
                 pretious
                 than
                 a
                 Brave
                 and
                 a
                 Valiant
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 willing
                 to
                 signalize
                 his
                 Presumption
                 and
                 his
                 Zeal
                 for
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 threw
                 himself
                 headlong
                 Horse
                 and
                 Man
                 into
                 the
                 Abyss
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 Plague
                 ceas'd
                 .
              
               
               
                 In
                 that
                 Quarter
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Field
                 of
                 Mars
                 ,
                 stands
                 
                 Antoninus's
                 Pillar
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 are
                 represented
                 in
                 half
                 Relief
                 the
                 Glorious
                 Actions
                 of
                 that
                 Emperor
                 against
                 the
                 Armenians
                 ,
                 the
                 Parthians
                 ,
                 the
                 Germans
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Two
                 hunder'd
                 and
                 seven
                 Marble
                 Steps
                 lead
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 Light
                 coming
                 in
                 at
                 six
                 little
                 Windows
                 .
                 It
                 consists
                 of
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 Eight
                 and
                 twenty
                 Marble
                 Stones
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 joyn'd
                 together
                 ,
                 make
                 a
                 Hundred
                 seventy
                 five
                 Foot
                 in
                 heighth
                 .
                 Of
                 late
                 they
                 have
                 plac'd
                 upon
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 it
                 a
                 Statue
                 of
                 St.
                 Paul
                 of
                 guilt
                 Brass
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Trajan's
                 Column
                 in
                 the
                 Piazza
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Name
                 consists
                 of
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 four
                 Stones
                 that
                 rise
                 to
                 140
                 Foot
                 in
                 heighth
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 is
                 an
                 Ascent
                 of
                 185
                 Steps
                 ,
                 enlighten'd
                 by
                 44
                 Windows
                 .
                 Formerly
                 they
                 had
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 this
                 Column
                 an
                 Urn
                 with
                 
                 Trajan's
                 Ashes
                 in
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 is
                 since
                 taken
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 St.
                 Peter
                 in
                 Brass
                 erected
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 must
                 I
                 bury
                 in
                 silence
                 the
                 Statues
                 of
                 Pasquin
                 and
                 Manforio
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 that
                 talk
                 so
                 often
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 themselves
                 forgotten
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 Pasquin
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Satyrs
                 which
                 are
                 made
                 in
                 Rome
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Pasquinades
                 are
                 always
                 fix'd
                 upon
                 it
                 .
                 Some
                 say
                 this
                 Statue
                 was
                 erected
                 in
                 Honour
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Soldiers
                 who
                 had
                 done
                 him
                 many
                 signal
                 Services
                 .
                 Others
                 reject
                 this
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 and
                 tell
                 us
                 that
                 the
                 Word
                 Pasquin
                 is
                 deriv'd
                 from
                 a
                 Taylor
                 who
                 made
                 Cloaths
                 for
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 in
                 Rome
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 regard
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Droll
                 ,
                 he
                 observ'd
                 their
                 blind
                 sides
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 Lampoons
                 upon
                 'em
                 
                 in
                 his
                 Shop
                 ,
                 which
                 always
                 gain'd
                 him
                 good
                 Company
                 .
                 They
                 add
                 that
                 sometime
                 after
                 his
                 Decease
                 the
                 Paviers
                 digging
                 before
                 his
                 Door
                 found
                 a
                 Statue
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 they
                 presently
                 gave
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Pasquin
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 it
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 Quarter
                 to
                 his
                 House
                 .
                 However
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 propos'd
                 to
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Popes
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 thrown
                 into
                 Tiber
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 all
                 Opportunities
                 of
                 Libelling
                 and
                 Lampoons
                 that
                 were
                 fix'd
                 upon
                 it
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Holy
                 Father
                 made
                 answer
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 afraid
                 it
                 would
                 turn
                 to
                 a
                 Frog
                 that
                 would
                 be
                 croaking
                 Day
                 and
                 Night
                 :
                 intimating
                 thereby
                 ,
                 that
                 instead
                 of
                 stopping
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 Satyrs
                 ,
                 the
                 Lampooners
                 would
                 fix
                 'em
                 upon
                 all
                 the
                 Statues
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 Not
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 Capitol
                 stands
                 another
                 Statue
                 call'd
                 Manforio
                 ,
                 where
                 generally
                 are
                 hung
                 up
                 the
                 Answers
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 Lampoons
                 which
                 are
                 fix'd
                 upon
                 Pasquin
                 .
                 Some
                 say
                 this
                 Statue
                 was
                 erected
                 in
                 honour
                 or
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Panarius
                
                 ;
                 others
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 Statue
                 of
                 the
                 Rhine
                 .
                 because
                 that
                 formerly
                 the
                 Emperot
                 
                 Domitian's
                 Brazen
                 Horse
                 set
                 his
                 Foot
                 upon
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 wherein
                 there
                 are
                 more
                 Magnificent
                 Palaces
                 .
                 The
                 Learned
                 Mr.
                 Spon
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Travels
                 into
                 the
                 East
                 has
                 given
                 us
                 a
                 Catalogue
                 of
                 'em
                 ,
                 which
                 has
                 sav'd
                 me
                 the
                 trouble
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Palace
                 of
                 the
                 Farnezi
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 sumptuous
                 .
                 It
                 has
                 four
                 Fronts
                 with
                 a
                 large
                 Gate
                 belonging
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 that
                 leads
                 into
                 the
                 Court
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 surrounded
                 with
                 Pillars
                 forming
                 Portico's
                 that
                 support
                 an
                 open
                 Gallery
                 that
                 leads
                 to
                 every
                 Apartment
                 ,
                 In
                 this
                 Court
                 stand
                 two
                 Statues
                 of
                 Hercules
                 leaning
                 
                 upon
                 his
                 Club
                 ;
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 found
                 in
                 
                 Caracalla's
                 Baths
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 is
                 an
                 Imitation
                 of
                 That
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Palace
                 Hall
                 stands
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 
                   Alexander
                   Farneze
                
                 ,
                 Duke
                 of
                 Parma
                 ,
                 who
                 tramples
                 under
                 foot
                 two
                 Statues
                 representing
                 Heresie
                 and
                 Rebellion
                 ,
                 while
                 Fame
                 sets
                 a
                 Crown
                 upon
                 his
                 Head.
                 This
                 Piece
                 is
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 more
                 esteem'd
                 ,
                 because
                 all
                 the
                 four
                 Peices
                 are
                 all
                 of
                 one
                 single
                 Stone
                 of
                 White
                 Marble
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 other
                 Lovely
                 Statues
                 and
                 Pictures
                 in
                 the
                 Apartments
                 belonging
                 to
                 this
                 Palace
                 :
                 More
                 particularly
                 there
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 a
                 Marble
                 Statue
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 Back-Court
                 ,
                 representing
                 the
                 Figure
                 of
                 a
                 Bull
                 ,
                 all
                 of
                 one
                 Stone
                 ,
                 having
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Horns
                 ty'd
                 with
                 a
                 Woman's
                 Hair
                 ,
                 while
                 two
                 Men
                 endeavour
                 to
                 throw
                 'em
                 into
                 the
                 Sea.
                 'T
                 is
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 Amphion
                 and
                 Zethes
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 revenge
                 of
                 the
                 injury
                 done
                 their
                 Mother
                 ,
                 whom
                 Lycus
                 King
                 of
                 Thebes
                 had
                 repudiated
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Importunity
                 of
                 Dirce
                 ,
                 ty'd
                 Dirce
                 to
                 the
                 Horns
                 of
                 a
                 Bull
                 ,
                 and
                 cast
                 'em
                 both
                 Headlong
                 into
                 the
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 One
                 of
                 the
                 Curiosities
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 which
                 Strangers
                 always
                 visit
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 Prince
                 
                 Ludovisio's
                 Palace
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 a
                 Man
                 petrefy'd
                 and
                 laid
                 in
                 a
                 Velvet
                 Box
                 ,
                 with
                 one
                 Leg
                 broken
                 ,
                 to
                 convince
                 the
                 Incredulity
                 of
                 the
                 Curious
                 ,
                 who
                 will
                 not
                 believe
                 that
                 the
                 Skeleton
                 was
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Stone
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 say
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 Garment
                 made
                 on
                 purpose
                 .
                 This
                 justifies
                 what
                 Ortelius
                 affirms
                 ,
                 That
                 upon
                 certain
                 Mountains
                 of
                 Tartary
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 Men
                 ,
                 Camels
                 ,
                 Sheep
                 ,
                 
                   &
                   e.
                
                 chang'd
                 into
                 Stones
                 for
                 above
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Years
                 past
                 :
                 And
                 ▪
                 
                 Aristotle
                 reports
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Cave
                 near
                 Bergamo
                 ,
                 where
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Petrify'd
                 Bodys
                 of
                 several
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 When
                 I
                 enumerated
                 the
                 Churches
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 I
                 forgot
                 to
                 tell
                 ye
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Church
                 call'd
                 
                   La
                   Bocca
                   di
                   Verita
                
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Marble
                 representing
                 a
                 Head
                 with
                 the
                 Mouth
                 open
                 ;
                 And
                 the
                 Good
                 Women
                 do
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 a
                 Woman
                 Unfaithful
                 to
                 her
                 Husband's
                 Bed
                 ,
                 lays
                 her
                 Hand
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 Mouth
                 will
                 shut
                 .
                 The
                 Roman
                 Women
                 who
                 have
                 Jealous
                 and
                 Credulous
                 Husbands
                 ,
                 frequently
                 justifie
                 their
                 Chastity
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 run
                 far
                 less
                 hazard
                 then
                 they
                 who
                 formerly
                 were
                 constrain'd
                 to
                 walk
                 bare-foot
                 over
                 red
                 hot
                 Coals
                 ,
                 and
                 Plough-shares
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 what
                 I
                 purpos'd
                 to
                 say
                 of
                 the
                 Famous
                 City
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 wherein
                 though
                 I
                 have
                 omitted
                 many
                 things
                 ,
                 yet
                 there
                 is
                 sufficient
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 Advantageous
                 Idea
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 never
                 seen
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 breed
                 in
                 others
                 a
                 desire
                 of
                 seeing
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XII
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Naples
                 .
              
               
                 THERE
                 is
                 not
                 any
                 State
                 in
                 Italy
                 of
                 that
                 vast
                 Extent
                 as
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Naples
                 .
                 Some
                 Italian
                 Authors
                 have
                 call'd
                 it
                 Sicily
                 on
                 this
                 side
                 the
                 Pharos
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Spain
                 have
                 assum'd
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Kings
                 of
                 both
                 Sicilies
                 .
                 Generally
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 is
                 divided
                 into
                 Twelve
                 Provinces
                 ;
                 viz.
                 
                   La
                   Terra
                   di
                   Lavore
                   ,
                   Principato
                   Giteriore
                   ,
                   Principato
                   Vlteriore
                   ,
                   Calabria
                   Vlteriore
                   ,
                   La
                   Terra
                   d'
                   Otranto
                   ,
                   La
                   Terra
                   di
                   Bari
                   ,
                   La
                   Capitanata
                   ,
                
                 the
                 County
                 of
                 Molisso
                 ,
                 the
                 hithermost
                 Abruzzo
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 furthermost
                 Abruzzo
                 :
                 It
                 is
                 reckon'd
                 to
                 contain
                 24
                 Archbishopricks
                 ,
                 60
                 Principalities
                 ,
                 100
                 Dukedoms
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 Marquisates
                 ,
                 66
                 Earldoms
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 1000
                 Baronies
                 .
                 Which
                 shews
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Nobility
                 multiplies
                 in
                 that
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 more
                 then
                 any
                 where
                 else
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 Naples
                 is
                 call'd
                 
                   Naples
                   the
                   Noble
                
                 .
                 The
                 Air
                 is
                 very
                 wholsome
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Country
                 very
                 fruitful
                 in
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 This
                 Kingdom
                 has
                 not
                 been
                 free
                 from
                 Revolutions
                 that
                 have
                 turmoyl'd
                 the
                 Repose
                 of
                 Italy
                 upon
                 several
                 Occasions
                 .
                 It
                 has
                 been
                 in
                 the
                 Possession
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   ,
                   Goths
                   ,
                   Lombards
                   ,
                   Normans
                   ,
                   Suabians
                   ,
                   French
                
                 and
                 Spaniards
                 .
                 Which
                 latter
                 Usurp'd
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 French
                 who
                 have
                 an
                 undoubted
                 claim
                 
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 by
                 the
                 Investiture
                 given
                 by
                 Clement
                 IV.
                 both
                 of
                 that
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 to
                 Charles
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 Duke
                 of
                 Anjou
                 and
                 Provence
                 ,
                 Brother
                 of
                 St.
                 Lewis
                 in
                 1265.
                 as
                 for
                 that
                 Queen
                 Joan
                 I.
                 by
                 her
                 last
                 Will
                 and
                 Testament
                 ,
                 dated
                 
                   June
                   29
                   ,
                   1480.
                
                 adopted
                 Lewis
                 of
                 France
                 I.
                 of
                 that
                 Name
                 :
                 Jane
                 II.
                 who
                 possessed
                 the
                 Throne
                 from
                 the
                 Year
                 1414.
                 till
                 the
                 Year
                 1434.
                 adopted
                 Rene
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 Sirnam'd
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Good
                
                 ;
                 which
                 acquir'd
                 him
                 a
                 double
                 Right
                 .
                 But
                 Ferdinand
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 Treaty
                 made
                 with
                 Lewis
                 XII
                 .
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 sent
                 a
                 Puissant
                 Army
                 into
                 Italy
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 leading
                 of
                 the
                 Famous
                 Gonsalvo
                 ,
                 who
                 drove
                 the
                 French
                 out
                 of
                 Naples
                 and
                 Sicily
                 ;
                 since
                 which
                 time
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 have
                 been
                 in
                 possession
                 of
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 a
                 Viceroy
                 there
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 chang'd
                 every
                 three
                 Years
                 .
                 The
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Naples
                 holds
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 See
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 pays
                 every
                 year
                 to
                 the
                 Pope
                 upon
                 St.
                 
                 Peter's
                 Day
                 a
                 Tribute
                 of
                 a
                 White
                 Nag
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Purse
                 of
                 7000
                 Ducats
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Neapolitans
                 do
                 not
                 willingly
                 brook
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Yoak
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 they
                 have
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 cast
                 it
                 off
                 several
                 Times
                 :
                 But
                 their
                 last
                 Insurrection
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 years
                 1646.
                 and
                 1647.
                 tho
                 they
                 fail'd
                 in
                 the
                 success
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Design
                 was
                 ill
                 laid
                 ,
                 and
                 '
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Male-Contents
                 had
                 no
                 body
                 to
                 head
                 em
                 but
                 a
                 sorry
                 Fisherman
                 ,
                 vulgarly
                 known
                 by
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Masaniello
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 above
                 15
                 Days
                 Commanded
                 above
                 200000
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 paid
                 him
                 a
                 blind
                 Obedience
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Kidgdom
                 that
                 stretches
                 it self
                 forth
                 in
                 Form
                 of
                 a
                 Peninsula
                 ,
                 is
                 bounded
                 to
                 the
                 East
                 by
                 the
                 Ionian
                 Sea
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 by
                 the
                 Gulph
                 of
                 
                 Venice
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Tuscan
                 Sea
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Ecclesiastical
                 Territories
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 about
                 500
                 Miles
                 Broad
                 ,
                 and
                 1500
                 in
                 Circuit
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 the
                 Metropolitan
                 of
                 this
                 flourishing
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 is
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-Shore
                 ;
                 formerly
                 call'd
                 Parthenopea
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 defended
                 by
                 three
                 Citadels
                 provided
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Neapolitans
                 under
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Yoke
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 one
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Norman
                 Castle
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 founded
                 by
                 William
                 III.
                 Duke
                 of
                 Normandy
                 and
                 King
                 of
                 Naples
                 :
                 The
                 Second
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   New
                   Castle
                
                 ,
                 was
                 built
                 by
                 Charles
                 I.
                 Brothrr
                 to
                 St.
                 Lewis
                 ;
                 but
                 Ferdinand
                 King
                 of
                 Arragon
                 ,
                 who
                 understood
                 the
                 importance
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 fortify'd
                 after
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 manner
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 has
                 always
                 a
                 Garrison
                 in
                 it
                 of
                 500
                 Natural
                 Spaniards
                 .
                 The
                 Castle
                 of
                 St.
                 Elmo
                 which
                 cemmands
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 was
                 built
                 by
                 Robert
                 I.
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Charles
                 II.
                 and
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Charles
                 V.
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 caus'd
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 well
                 fortify'd
                 ,
                 call'd
                 it
                 the
                 Bridle
                 of
                 Naples
                 .
                 Besides
                 these
                 Castles
                 there
                 are
                 also
                 some
                 Towres
                 and
                 other
                 Buildings
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 call'd
                 by
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Fortresses
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Capuan
                 Castle
                 ,
                 which
                 however
                 are
                 of
                 no
                 other
                 use
                 then
                 for
                 the
                 Councils
                 of
                 Justice
                 and
                 the
                 Civil
                 Government
                 to
                 Assemble
                 in
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Viceroy's
                 Palace
                 is
                 very
                 spacious
                 ,
                 richly
                 Furnish'd
                 ,
                 and
                 incloses
                 several
                 Curiosities
                 ,
                 among
                 others
                 ,
                 a
                 Plant
                 about
                 Two
                 Fingers
                 in
                 breadth
                 ,
                 and
                 about
                 a
                 Foot
                 and
                 a
                 halfe
                 long
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Ancients
                 wrote
                 before
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Paper
                 was
                 invented
                 .
                 A
                 Stone
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 scrap'd
                 ,
                 yields
                 a
                 
                 kind
                 of
                 Cotton
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Pagans
                 made
                 a
                 certain
                 sort
                 of
                 Cloth
                 to
                 wrap
                 the
                 Dead
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 burnt
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 this
                 Cloth
                 being
                 incombustible
                 ,
                 preserv'd
                 the
                 Ashes
                 of
                 the
                 Corps
                 entire
                 ,
                 This
                 sort
                 of
                 Cloth
                 is
                 in
                 use
                 among
                 some
                 People
                 in
                 India
                 ;
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 it
                 being
                 such
                 ,
                 thar
                 when
                 't
                 is
                 Foul
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 but
                 throwing
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 becomes
                 as
                 white
                 as
                 Snow
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Port
                 of
                 Naples
                 would
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Ports
                 in
                 
                   Italy
                   ▪
                
                 were
                 it
                 but
                 shelter'd
                 from
                 the
                 South-East
                 Wind.
                 The
                 City
                 is
                 very
                 neatly
                 Built
                 ;
                 The
                 Streets
                 are
                 Broad
                 ,
                 Long
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 Streight
                 as
                 a
                 Line
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 order'd
                 ▪
                 that
                 there
                 runs
                 a
                 Canal
                 through
                 every
                 Street
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Holland
                 ,
                 which
                 receive
                 the
                 Filth
                 and
                 Nastiness
                 through
                 Iron
                 Grates
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Streets
                 are
                 always
                 clean
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 about
                 Six
                 Miles
                 in
                 compass
                 ,
                 comprehending
                 the
                 Seven
                 Suburbs
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 all
                 along
                 the
                 Residence
                 of
                 Illustrious
                 Men
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 mild
                 and
                 temperate
                 Air
                 which
                 it
                 enjoys
                 ;
                 in
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 may
                 reckon
                 
                   Virgil
                   ,
                   Livie
                   ,
                   Horace
                   ,
                   Seneca
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Cathedral
                 Church
                 is
                 Dedicated
                 to
                 
                   St.
                   Januarius
                
                 formerly
                 Bishop
                 of
                 Beneventum
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 the
                 Fourteenth
                 Patron
                 that
                 the
                 Neapolitans
                 have
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 :
                 and
                 they
                 keep
                 the
                 Blood
                 of
                 this
                 Saint
                 as
                 a
                 Sacred
                 Relique
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 congeal'd
                 in
                 Vessels
                 :
                 but
                 if
                 they
                 lay
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Saints
                 Head
                 ,
                 such
                 is
                 the
                 Story
                 which
                 they
                 tell
                 ,
                 it
                 presently
                 turns
                 Liquid
                 ,
                 and
                 rowls
                 up
                 into
                 little
                 Bubbles
                 .
              
               
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Neapolitan
                 Money
                 ,
                 they
                 reckon
                 all
                 by
                 
                 Carolino's
                 ;
                 every
                 Carolino
                 being
                 worth
                 about
                 Ten
                 Sols
                 of
                 France
                 :
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Pistol
                 goes
                 for
                 Three
                 and
                 thirty
                 
                 Carolino's
                 ;
                 a
                 Sequin
                 for
                 Twenty
                 
                 Carolino's
                 ;
                 a
                 Piaster
                 weighs
                 Nine
                 
                 Carolino's
                 ;
                 besides
                 which
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 some
                 small
                 Copper-Money
                 ,
                 that
                 goes
                 in
                 the
                 Markets
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 that
                 Strangers
                 have
                 seen
                 the
                 Curiosities
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 rhey
                 visit
                 the
                 Wonders
                 in
                 the
                 parts
                 adjoyning
                 :
                 for
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 surprizing
                 Things
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 met
                 with
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 may
                 well
                 be
                 call'd
                 by
                 that
                 Name
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Mountain
                 Vesuvius
                 may
                 well
                 deserve
                 to
                 be
                 plac'd
                 in
                 the
                 First
                 rank
                 of
                 these
                 Wonders
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 so
                 frequently
                 all
                 in
                 a
                 Flame
                 .
                 Not
                 to
                 mention
                 that
                 Inundation
                 of
                 Fire
                 which
                 hap'ned
                 in
                 
                 Titus's
                 Reign
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Plinie
                 was
                 a
                 little
                 too
                 far
                 engag'd
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 Curiosity
                 ;
                 nor
                 of
                 several
                 others
                 ;
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 above
                 Seven
                 Leagues
                 from
                 Naples
                 ,
                 continually
                 vomits
                 forth
                 Fire
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 more
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 less
                 violently
                 ;
                 which
                 has
                 many
                 times
                 laid
                 wast
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 much
                 annoy'd
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Naples
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 formerly
                 upon
                 this
                 Hill
                 ,
                 the
                 Loveliest
                 Vineyards
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 very
                 beautiful
                 Village
                 ,
                 containing
                 above
                 2500
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1631.
                 this
                 Infernal
                 Chimney
                 ,
                 as
                 Tertullian
                 calls
                 it
                 ,
                 vomited
                 forth
                 such
                 a
                 Deluge
                 of
                 Flames
                 ,
                 accompanied
                 with
                 a
                 Torrent
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Shower
                 of
                 Stones
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 poor
                 People
                 were
                 either
                 burnt
                 of
                 stifl'd
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Town
                 was
                 buried
                 in
                 the
                 Cinders
                 ,
                 that
                 lay
                 more
                 then
                 Ten
                 Foot
                 thick
                 above
                 the
                 Steeple
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 .
                 Stones
                 
                 are
                 also
                 there
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 prodigious
                 igness
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 are
                 People
                 still
                 living
                 ,
                 that
                 beheld
                 a
                 Torrent
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 Alome
                 and
                 Salt-Peter
                 fall
                 from
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 .
                 Some
                 time
                 before
                 this
                 dismal
                 Ravage
                 ,
                 the
                 Smoak
                 ,
                 that
                 issu'd
                 continually
                 forth
                 ,
                 increas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 intermix'd
                 with
                 Flames
                 and
                 Ashes
                 ;
                 soon
                 after
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 accompany'd
                 with
                 a
                 noise
                 so
                 dreadful
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 would
                 have
                 thought
                 that
                 nature
                 was
                 about
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 swallow'd
                 up
                 :
                 this
                 noise
                 was
                 attended
                 with
                 an
                 Earthquake
                 that
                 swell'd
                 up
                 the
                 Sea
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Mountain
                 bursting
                 ,
                 pieces
                 of
                 Rock
                 ,
                 all
                 of
                 a
                 light
                 Fire
                 ,
                 flew
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 that
                 ran
                 down
                 ,
                 floated
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 no
                 less
                 then
                 Three
                 Miles
                 from
                 the
                 Shore
                 ;
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 thought
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 Wind
                 had
                 not
                 prov'd
                 favourable
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 buried
                 in
                 the
                 Cinders
                 that
                 flew
                 from
                 the
                 Mountain
                 .
                 This
                 terrible
                 accident
                 is
                 engrav'd
                 upon
                 a
                 Marble
                 Stone
                 ,
                 that
                 stands
                 in
                 the
                 High
                 way
                 which
                 leads
                 from
                 Naples
                 to
                 Vesuvius
                 ,
                 Several
                 People
                 out
                 of
                 Curiosity
                 ,
                 have
                 gone
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 way
                 cut
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ashes
                 for
                 above
                 Two
                 Miles
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 found
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 a
                 wide
                 Abyss
                 ,
                 about
                 Two
                 Miles
                 in
                 circumference
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 deep
                 ;
                 wherein
                 there
                 appear'd
                 another
                 ,
                 no
                 less
                 wide
                 then
                 the
                 First
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 issu'd
                 out
                 a
                 thick
                 Smoak
                 that
                 smelt
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Mountain
                 Pausilipus
                 is
                 remarkable
                 for
                 the
                 Subterraneal
                 way
                 cut
                 through
                 the
                 Mountain
                 for
                 above
                 a
                 Mile
                 together
                 ,
                 thô
                 it
                 be
                 all
                 of
                 Free
                 Stone
                 ;
                 This
                 Cavern
                 is
                 call'd
                 The
                 Grotto
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 made
                 to
                 shorten
                 the
                 Passage
                 from
                 
                 Naples
                 to
                 Puzzuolo
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 regard
                 that
                 Mountain
                 stretches
                 out
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 like
                 a
                 Promontory
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 passage
                 left
                 upon
                 the
                 Shore
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 before
                 that
                 Way
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 the
                 Ascent
                 and
                 Descent
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 was
                 very
                 painful
                 and
                 laborious
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 who
                 averr
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Work
                 of
                 Lucullus
                 ;
                 others
                 ascribe
                 it
                 to
                 
                   Cocceius
                   Nerva
                
                 :
                 But
                 however
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 the
                 way
                 is
                 about
                 a
                 Mile
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 between
                 Twelve
                 and
                 Thirteen
                 Foot
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 broad
                 that
                 Two
                 Coaches
                 may
                 goe
                 a
                 Breast
                 ,
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Light
                 comes
                 into
                 it
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 two
                 Entrances
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 two
                 small
                 Overtures
                 ,
                 which
                 Alphonso
                 VII
                 .
                 King
                 of
                 Naples
                 caus'd
                 to
                 be
                 boar'd
                 through
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Grotto
                 ,
                 much
                 about
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Lamp
                 continually
                 burning
                 before
                 the
                 Image
                 of
                 the
                 Virgin
                 ;
                 but
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 Darkness
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 you
                 are
                 never
                 pester'd
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 come
                 from
                 Naples
                 ,
                 always
                 keep
                 the
                 Right
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 who
                 Travel
                 thither
                 take
                 the
                 Left.
                 
              
               
                 
                 Virgil's
                 Tomb
                 stands
                 in
                 the
                 Garden
                 of
                 Severino
                 ,
                 shaded
                 with
                 Laurels
                 ,
                 almost
                 at
                 the
                 entrance
                 into
                 the
                 Grotto
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 you
                 must
                 see
                 the
                 Lake
                 Avernus
                 ,
                 which
                 Virgil
                 calls
                 
                   The
                   Lake
                   of
                   Hell
                
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Birds
                 that
                 fly
                 over
                 it
                 ,
                 are
                 poison'd
                 with
                 the
                 stench
                 that
                 exhales
                 from
                 the
                 Water
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 above
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Paces
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 half
                 as
                 broad
                 .
                 The
                 Ancients
                 faign'd
                 that
                 Charon
                 ply'd
                 there
                 with
                 his
                 Boat
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 River
                 Acheron
                 forms
                 this
                 Lake
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 which
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Ruines
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Apollo
                 .
              
               
               
                 Nor
                 is
                 the
                 Lake
                 d'Agnano
                 far
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 environn'd
                 with
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 thought
                 to
                 be
                 bottomless
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 .
                 Thô
                 the
                 Water
                 be
                 full
                 of
                 Serpents
                 ,
                 yet
                 has
                 it
                 the
                 good
                 Quality
                 to
                 Cure
                 such
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 as
                 entring
                 into
                 such
                 a
                 venemous
                 Grotto
                 adjoyning
                 ,
                 call'd
                 
                   The
                   Dogs
                
                 Grotto
                 ,
                 are
                 dragg'd
                 ,
                 halfe
                 stifl'd
                 with
                 the
                 Sulphurie
                 Steam
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 an
                 hours
                 time
                 would
                 kill
                 'em
                 quite
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lake
                 Lucrinus
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 abounding
                 in
                 Fish
                 of
                 any
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 formerly
                 intermix'd
                 with
                 Avernus
                 ,
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 a
                 Canal
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 1538.
                 or
                 as
                 others
                 say
                 ,
                 upon
                 Michaelmas
                 Night
                 in
                 1636.
                 an
                 Earthquake
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 fill'd
                 up
                 the
                 Canal
                 ,
                 but
                 sett
                 a
                 Mountain
                 above
                 Four
                 Miles
                 in
                 compass
                 ,
                 between
                 the
                 Two
                 Lakes
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Alome
                 Mountain
                 yields
                 a
                 great
                 Revenue
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 .
                 The
                 Ancients
                 made
                 an
                 Infernal
                 Mansion
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 
                 Vulcan's
                 Work-house
                 there
                 ;
                 because
                 they
                 saw
                 nothing
                 but
                 Flames
                 all
                 Night
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 Smoak
                 all
                 Day
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Sulphurie
                 Vapour
                 infected
                 the
                 Air
                 for
                 above
                 a
                 League
                 round
                 ;
                 The
                 Trench
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 this
                 Smoak
                 arises
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 wide
                 ,
                 and
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 in
                 length
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 Land
                 about
                 Puzzuolo
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 Sulphurie
                 Earth
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 you
                 shall
                 see
                 the
                 Smoak
                 rise
                 under
                 your
                 Feet
                 through
                 the
                 Clefts
                 in
                 the
                 High
                 way
                 ,
                 occasion'd
                 by
                 the
                 Drowth
                 of
                 the
                 Weather
                 .
              
               
                 Not
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 Mountain
                 of
                 Brimstone
                 ,
                 lies
                 the
                 
                   Vsurers
                   Lake
                
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 never
                 restores
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 is
                 plung'd
                 into
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 black
                 ,
                 thick
                 ,
                 and
                 bolls
                 all
                 day
                 long
                 .
                 If
                 you
                 throw
                 Meat
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 comes
                 out
                 halfe
                 boil'd
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 the
                 one
                 halfe
                 of
                 it
                 consum'd
                 :
                 And
                 if
                 you
                 put
                 into
                 it
                 Three
                 Eggs
                 in
                 a
                 close
                 Basket
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 be
                 as
                 cautious
                 as
                 you
                 can
                 ,
                 you
                 shall
                 pull
                 out
                 but
                 Two
                 ,
                 the
                 Lake
                 taking
                 the
                 Third
                 as
                 due
                 for
                 Tribute
                 .
              
               
                 Near
                 Puzzuolo
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 
                   Subterraneal
                   Labyrinth
                
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 you
                 must
                 not
                 enter
                 without
                 lighted
                 Torches
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Skein
                 of
                 Thread
                 ,
                 which
                 you
                 must
                 be
                 very
                 careful
                 to
                 preserve
                 from
                 breaking
                 ,
                 unless
                 you
                 will
                 run
                 the
                 hazard
                 of
                 losing
                 your
                 way
                 .
                 This
                 Labyrinth
                 is
                 compos'd
                 of
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Rooms
                 ,
                 one
                 within
                 another
                 :
                 And
                 there
                 are
                 likewise
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 ,
                 some
                 Ruins
                 of
                 the
                 Temples
                 of
                 Diana
                 and
                 Neptune
                 :
                 Nero's
                 Stoves
                 ,
                 that
                 yield
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Heat
                 ;
                 Four
                 Chambers
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Stone
                 Beds
                 ,
                 and
                 Boulsters
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Materials
                 ,
                 would
                 entice
                 a
                 Man
                 to
                 take
                 his
                 Rest
                 there
                 ,
                 were
                 they
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 the
                 hardest
                 :
                 
                 Cicero's
                 Baths
                 are
                 in
                 a
                 large
                 Room
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Letters
                 are
                 scrap'd
                 out
                 that
                 were
                 written
                 upon
                 the
                 Roof
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 Sick
                 People
                 were
                 so
                 vain
                 as
                 to
                 believe
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 Cur'd
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 had
                 read
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 Others
                 affirm
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Inscriptions
                 were
                 only
                 the
                 Names
                 of
                 such
                 sick
                 People
                 as
                 those
                 Baths
                 had
                 Cur'd
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 Physitians
                 caus'd
                 'em
                 to
                 be
                 raz'd
                 out
                 ,
                 under
                 pretence
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 Magical
                 Characters
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Baths
                 of
                 Tirtola
                 lie
                 not
                 far
                 distant
                 ;
                 being
                 a
                 very
                 long
                 Grotto
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 you
                 are
                 no
                 sooner
                 enter'd
                 but
                 you
                 begin
                 to
                 sweat
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 you
                 are
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Grotto
                 ,
                 you
                 feel
                 less
                 heat
                 :
                 And
                 if
                 you
                 feel
                 it
                 too
                 hot
                 ,
                 you
                 need
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 stoop
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 comes
                 up
                 
                 a
                 coolness
                 very
                 refreshing
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 said
                 that
                 at
                 the
                 farther
                 end
                 of
                 this
                 Grotto
                 there
                 are
                 Baths
                 that
                 are
                 qualify'd
                 with
                 excellent
                 Vertues
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 but
                 very
                 little
                 frequented
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 the
                 Access
                 to
                 'em
                 is
                 so
                 frightful
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 a
                 100
                 Paces
                 from
                 the
                 Lake
                 Lucrinus
                 ,
                 you
                 meet
                 with
                 other
                 Baths
                 ,
                 some
                 cold
                 ,
                 others
                 hot
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 Caverns
                 in
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 have
                 cut
                 out
                 certain
                 Receptacles
                 to
                 Bath
                 in
                 .
                 When
                 you
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 cold
                 Baths
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 several
                 Chambers
                 hew'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 are
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 those
                 Receptacles
                 ,
                 some
                 full
                 ,
                 others
                 empty
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 said
                 that
                 every
                 Receptacle
                 had
                 a
                 peculiar
                 vertue
                 to
                 cure
                 several
                 Distempers
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 know
                 'em
                 by
                 the
                 Statues
                 erected
                 near
                 the
                 Receptacles
                 ,
                 laying
                 a
                 hand
                 upon
                 the
                 part
                 affected
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 you
                 leave
                 these
                 Baths
                 ,
                 you
                 ascend
                 some
                 Steps
                 that
                 are
                 cut
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 which
                 lead
                 to
                 the
                 hot
                 Baths
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 you
                 have
                 gone
                 forward
                 about
                 20
                 or
                 30
                 Paces
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 deep
                 place
                 full
                 of
                 Water
                 almost
                 boyling
                 hot
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 side
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Grotto
                 .
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Descent
                 into
                 it
                 is
                 so
                 hot
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 fetches
                 out
                 the
                 Sweat
                 by
                 very
                 great
                 drops
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Vapours
                 and
                 Exhalations
                 are
                 so
                 violent
                 .
              
               
                 Near
                 to
                 Cumae
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 lookt
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Grotto
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Cumaean
                   Sybil
                
                 ,
                 which
                 though
                 a
                 Pagan
                 ,
                 foretold
                 the
                 Birth
                 of
                 Christ
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Mysteries
                 of
                 the
                 Incarnation
                 .
                 You
                 enter
                 into
                 it
                 through
                 a
                 long
                 and
                 wide
                 Walk
                 cut
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 which
                 formerly
                 led
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Cumae
                 .
                 After
                 you
                 have
                 gone
                 450
                 Paces
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 right
                 hand
                 you
                 meet
                 
                 with
                 a
                 very
                 low
                 Door
                 ,
                 which
                 leads
                 into
                 a
                 Chamber
                 14
                 Foot
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 8
                 wide
                 ,
                 the
                 Roof
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 painted
                 with
                 Gold
                 and
                 Azure
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Walls
                 inlay'd
                 with
                 Coral
                 ,
                 and
                 Mother
                 of
                 Pearl
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 left
                 hand
                 of
                 that
                 Chamber
                 ,
                 is
                 another
                 Door
                 which
                 leads
                 into
                 a
                 Walk
                 cut
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 also
                 ,
                 4
                 Foot
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 40
                 long
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 Chamber
                 that
                 leads
                 into
                 two
                 other
                 Chambers
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 a
                 small
                 Lake
                 :
                 Now
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Room
                 is
                 very
                 hot
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 you
                 cannot
                 tarry
                 long
                 in
                 it
                 without
                 Sweating
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 conjectur'd
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 Sybil's
                 Bath
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 that
                 all
                 these
                 Apartments
                 are
                 under
                 ground
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 no
                 Light
                 comes
                 into
                 'em
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 take
                 care
                 to
                 be
                 well
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Flambeaus
                 ,
                 or
                 Wax-Candles
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 no
                 less
                 cautious
                 that
                 they
                 do
                 not
                 go
                 out
                 .
                 Now
                 because
                 all
                 the
                 Rocks
                 in
                 this
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Naples
                 are
                 full
                 of
                 these
                 Grotto's
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 thought
                 that
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Inhabitants
                 liv'd
                 under
                 ground
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 you
                 have
                 taken
                 a
                 view
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Rarities
                 about
                 Puzzuolo
                 ,
                 you
                 take
                 Boat
                 and
                 slip
                 over
                 to
                 Baiae
                 ,
                 which
                 lies
                 not
                 above
                 4
                 Miles
                 distant
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 there
                 are
                 also
                 several
                 Remarkable
                 Curiosities
                 .
                 More
                 especially
                 some
                 Ruins
                 of
                 
                 Caligula's
                 famous
                 Bridge
                 ,
                 who
                 to
                 fulfil
                 the
                 Prophesie
                 of
                 an
                 Astrologer
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Tiberius
                 foretold
                 that
                 Caligula
                 should
                 be
                 Emperor
                 when
                 he
                 should
                 ride
                 on
                 Horseback
                 over
                 the
                 Golph
                 between
                 Puzzuolo
                 and
                 Baiae
                 ,
                 joyn'd
                 to
                 the
                 Bridge
                 which
                 the
                 Romans
                 had
                 then
                 already
                 begun
                 ,
                 two
                 rows
                 of
                 Ships
                 stay'd
                 by
                 huge
                 Anchors
                 ,
                 over
                 which
                 he
                 laid
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Planks
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 rode
                 over
                 both
                 on
                 Horseback
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 his
                 Chariot
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 
                 some
                 who
                 believe
                 that
                 Caligula
                 did
                 not
                 only
                 design
                 the
                 fulfilling
                 of
                 that
                 Prophesie
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 at
                 that
                 vast
                 expence
                 ,
                 to
                 imitate
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 terrisie
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Europe
                 that
                 were
                 unsubdu'd
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
                 The
                 Sand
                 all
                 along
                 that
                 Coast
                 has
                 two
                 peculiar
                 Qualities
                 ;
                 that
                 although
                 the
                 Water
                 be
                 cold
                 ,
                 the
                 Sand
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 is
                 so
                 hot
                 that
                 you
                 can
                 scarce
                 endure
                 to
                 touch
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 it
                 comes
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 it
                 becomes
                 as
                 hard
                 as
                 Marble
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 was
                 at
                 Baiae
                 where
                 Agrippina
                 was
                 stabb'd
                 by
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Nero
                 her
                 Son
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 so
                 cruel
                 as
                 to
                 rip
                 open
                 her
                 Body
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 inspect
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 he
                 had
                 lain
                 Nine
                 Months
                 .
                 This
                 Misfortune
                 was
                 foretold
                 that
                 Princess
                 long
                 before
                 .
                 For
                 having
                 consulted
                 the
                 Oracle
                 concerning
                 the
                 Destiny
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 which
                 she
                 bare
                 in
                 her
                 Womb
                 ;
                 answer
                 was
                 return'd
                 her
                 ,
                 
                   Thou
                   shalt
                   bring
                   forth
                   a
                   Son
                   who
                   shall
                   be
                   Emperor
                   ,
                   but
                   he
                   shall
                   put
                   Thee
                   to
                   Death
                   .
                
                 To
                 which
                 she
                 reply'd
                 .
                 
                   Let
                   him
                   put
                   me
                   to
                   Death
                   ,
                   provided
                   that
                   he
                   Reign
                   .
                
                 Her
                 Tomb
                 is
                 in
                 a
                 Grotto
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Cave
                 cut
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 some
                 Sculptures
                 which
                 represent
                 the
                 Empress
                 surrounded
                 with
                 some
                 Birds
                 of
                 Prey
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 certain
                 Subterraneal
                 Structure
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 at
                 Baiae
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 
                   Piscina
                   Mirabile
                
                 ,
                 or
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Wonderful
                   Fish-Pond
                
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 supported
                 with
                 about
                 45
                 or
                 50
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 and
                 lin'd
                 with
                 Ciment
                 ;
                 which
                 makes
                 People
                 believe
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 Cistern
                 wherein
                 the
                 Ancients
                 preserv'd
                 Rain-water
                 for
                 their
                 Drink
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Water
                 thereabout
                 tastes
                 strong
                 of
                 the
                 Minerals
                 .
              
               
               
                 There
                 is
                 another
                 Subterraneal
                 Structure
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 hundred
                 
                   Little
                   Chambers
                
                 ,
                 all
                 built
                 of
                 Brick
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 formerly
                 put
                 their
                 Slaves
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Galleys
                 that
                 always
                 Winter'd
                 at
                 Baiae
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Curiosities
                 more
                 in
                 the
                 parts
                 about
                 Puzzuolo
                 and
                 Baiae
                 :
                 and
                 without
                 question
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 part
                 of
                 Europe
                 where
                 there
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Ruines
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Pagan
                 Temples
                 ,
                 Tombs
                 ,
                 Amphitheaters
                 ,
                 Aqueducts
                 ,
                 Grotto's
                 ,
                 Palaces
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 So
                 that
                 in
                 regard
                 it
                 would
                 take
                 up
                 above
                 six
                 Months
                 for
                 a
                 Traveller
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 an
                 exact
                 view
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 Rarities
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 require
                 a
                 Volume
                 in
                 Folio
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 faithful
                 Enumeration
                 and
                 Description
                 of
                 '
                 em
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 though
                 I
                 am
                 leaving
                 the
                 Parts
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 Puzzuolo
                 ,
                 yet
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 quitting
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 before
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 some
                 other
                 Remarks
                 worthy
                 the
                 Reader
                 's
                 Curiosity
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Tarentum
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Lizards
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 if
                 a
                 Man
                 be
                 bitten
                 ,
                 he
                 cannot
                 be
                 cur'd
                 but
                 by
                 Dancing
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 sound
                 of
                 Instruments
                 .
                 They
                 add
                 further
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 Animals
                 never
                 bite
                 any
                 but
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 Punishment
                 which
                 befel
                 'em
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 being
                 Dancing
                 one
                 Day
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 quit
                 their
                 Jollity
                 but
                 for
                 so
                 long
                 time
                 till
                 the
                 Host
                 past
                 by
                 '
                 em
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Territory
                 of
                 Otranto
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Peninsula
                 ,
                 environ'd
                 with
                 the
                 Adriatick
                 and
                 Ionick
                 Seas
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 infested
                 with
                 Locusts
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 pursu'd
                 and
                 hunted
                 after
                 by
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Birds
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 other
                 Parts
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Otranto
                 ,
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 is
                 considerable
                 for
                 being
                 an
                 Archbishoprick
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 Haven
                 from
                 
                 whence
                 they
                 generally
                 take
                 Shipping
                 for
                 Greece
                 .
                 In
                 former
                 time
                 Pyrrhus
                 had
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 have
                 joyn'd
                 Greece
                 to
                 Italy
                 with
                 a
                 Bridge
                 of
                 Ships
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 where
                 Otranto
                 stands
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 two
                 Coasts
                 are
                 above
                 60
                 Miles
                 ,
                 or
                 25
                 French
                 Leagues
                 asunder
                 .
                 Otranto
                 had
                 the
                 Misfortune
                 to
                 be
                 plunder'd
                 by
                 the
                 Turks
                 in
                 1481.
                 but
                 it
                 was
                 nothing
                 near
                 so
                 strong
                 then
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 now
                 .
              
               
                 Brindisi
                 ,
                 or
                 Brundusium
                 :
                 another
                 Archbishopprick
                 and
                 Haven
                 ,
                 famous
                 for
                 the
                 Passage
                 of
                 
                   Julius
                   Caesar
                
                 into
                 Greece
                 ,
                 in
                 pursuit
                 of
                 Pompey
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 Besieg'd
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 to
                 retire
                 into
                 Epirus
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Extrrordinary
                 Devotion
                 that
                 oblig'd
                 several
                 Emperors
                 and
                 Kings
                 to
                 visit
                 Mount
                 St.
                 Angelo
                 ,
                 especially
                 the
                 Emperor
                 Otho
                 ,
                 who
                 Travell'd
                 Bare-foot
                 to
                 Rome
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Court
                 ,
                 engages
                 me
                 to
                 say
                 something
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 reported
                 that
                 St
                 ,
                 Michael
                 having
                 had
                 a
                 Vision
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 .
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 Place
                 of
                 his
                 Abode
                 ,
                 and
                 digg'd
                 a
                 Grotto
                 in
                 the
                 Rock
                 .
                 A
                 Marble
                 Portal
                 leads
                 into
                 this
                 Subterraneal
                 Cavern
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 go
                 down
                 a
                 descent
                 of
                 55
                 Marble
                 Steps
                 into
                 it
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 little
                 Altar
                 consecrated
                 by
                 St.
                 Michael
                 himself
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 several
                 other
                 Chappels
                 under
                 Ground
                 :
                 Besides
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Fountain
                 of
                 Water
                 of
                 Sovereign
                 Vertue
                 for
                 the
                 Cure
                 of
                 several
                 Distempers
                 .
                 The
                 Devotion
                 paid
                 to
                 this
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Resort
                 of
                 People
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 has
                 occasion'd
                 the
                 building
                 of
                 a
                 City
                 and
                 several
                 Churches
                 .
              
               
                 Rossano
                 is
                 another
                 Archiepiscopal
                 City
                 of
                 Calabria
                 ,
                 for
                 nothing
                 considerable
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 St.
                 Maries
                 .
                 into
                 which
                 the
                 Women
                 are
                 not
                 
                 admitted
                 to
                 enter
                 :
                 For
                 which
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 give
                 this
                 Reason
                 .
                 The
                 Holy
                 Virgin
                 ,
                 say
                 they
                 ,
                 having
                 shew'd
                 St.
                 Bartholomew
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 he
                 should
                 build
                 that
                 Church
                 ,
                 she
                 still
                 appear'd
                 to
                 him
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 from
                 the
                 Enclosure
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 Church
                 was
                 building
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 that
                 Saint
                 not
                 to
                 let
                 any
                 Woman
                 enter
                 into
                 it
                 but
                 to
                 order
                 'em
                 to
                 stand
                 without
                 and
                 hear
                 Mass
                 .
                 They
                 further
                 add
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 Women
                 happening
                 to
                 go
                 in
                 ,
                 either
                 out
                 of
                 Curiosity
                 ,
                 or
                 Devotion
                 ,
                 there
                 arose
                 such
                 a
                 violent
                 Storm
                 of
                 Rain
                 ,
                 Hail
                 and
                 Thunder
                 ,
                 that
                 never
                 ceas'd
                 till
                 the
                 Women
                 were
                 gone
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 given
                 Testimonies
                 of
                 their
                 Repentance
                 for
                 their
                 Rashness
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 pretend
                 that
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 have
                 seen
                 several
                 Tryals
                 in
                 Confirmation
                 of
                 the
                 Truth
                 of
                 this
                 Story
                 .
              
               
                 Salerno
                 ,
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 the
                 hithermost
                 Principato
                 ,
                 derives
                 its
                 Name
                 from
                 the
                 little
                 Rivers
                 of
                 Salo
                 and
                 Erno
                 ,
                 that
                 water
                 the
                 Territory
                 belonging
                 to
                 it
                 .
                 When
                 Naples
                 was
                 Govern'd
                 by
                 particular
                 Kings
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 their
                 eldest
                 Sons
                 bore
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 Princes
                 of
                 Salerno
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Convent
                 of
                 Jacobins
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Bell
                 that
                 sometimes
                 Towls
                 alone
                 of
                 it self
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 pretend
                 that
                 such
                 a
                 spontaneous
                 Towling
                 ,
                 presages
                 the
                 approaching
                 death
                 of
                 some
                 Fryer
                 in
                 the
                 Convent
                 .
              
               
                 Amalfi
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Province
                 is
                 famous
                 for
                 the
                 invention
                 of
                 the
                 Needle
                 and
                 Compass
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 being
                 the
                 First
                 place
                 that
                 contributed
                 to
                 the
                 Order
                 of
                 the
                 Knights
                 of
                 
                   St.
                   John
                   of
                   Jerusalem
                
                 .
              
               
                 Capoua
                 .
                 An
                 Archiepiscopal
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Terra
                   di
                   Lavoro
                
                 ,
                 was
                 formerly
                 accounted
                 the
                 third
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 Rome
                 and
                 Carthage
                 being
                 the
                 other
                 
                 two
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 now
                 seated
                 about
                 two
                 Miles
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 where
                 ancient
                 Capua
                 stood
                 :
                 nor
                 is
                 considerable
                 for
                 any
                 thing
                 but
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 deplorable
                 Ruins
                 of
                 her
                 Ancient
                 Theaters
                 ,
                 Aqueducts
                 ,
                 Portico's
                 ,
                 Temples
                 and
                 Subterraneal
                 Vaults
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 formerly
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Mansion
                   of
                   Pride
                   and
                   Pleasure
                
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Magnificence
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 as
                 for
                 that
                 Hannibal
                 in
                 one
                 Winter
                 Quarter
                 of
                 a
                 year
                 ,
                 was
                 so
                 soften'd
                 and
                 effeminated
                 with
                 the
                 Pleasures
                 and
                 Delights
                 of
                 that
                 City
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 no
                 longer
                 able
                 to
                 withstand
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 so
                 often
                 defeated
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 Gaeta
                 is
                 another
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Province
                 ,
                 built
                 by
                 
                 Aeneas's
                 Nurse
                 in
                 honor
                 of
                 his
                 Nurse
                 Caieta
                 The
                 Castle
                 belonging
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 is
                 considerable
                 for
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 well
                 provided
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Statue
                 of
                 Charles
                 of
                 Bourbon
                 ,
                 Constable
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 is
                 also
                 there
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 in
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 Charles
                 V.
                 was
                 slain
                 at
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 lies
                 buried
                 at
                 Caieta
                 .
                 Upon
                 his
                 Tomb
                 are
                 written
                 the
                 four
                 following
                 Verses
                 in
                 Spanish
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Francia
                   me
                   clio
                   la
                   leche
                   ,
                
                 
                   Espagna
                   suerte
                   y
                   ventura
                   .
                
                 
                   Roma
                   me
                   clio
                   la
                   muerte
                
                 
                   Y
                   Caieta
                   la
                   Sepultura
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   My
                   Infant
                   Milk
                   I
                   Suckt
                   in
                   France
                   ,
                
                 
                   Spain
                   did
                   my
                   Lot
                   and
                   Fame
                   advance
                   ;
                
                 
                   Death
                   snatcht
                   me
                   from
                   the
                   Walls
                   of
                   Rome
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   now
                   Caieta
                   has
                   my
                   Tomb.
                   
                
              
               
               
                 The
                 Dolphins
                 that
                 appear
                 upon
                 this
                 Coast
                 are
                 very
                 large
                 ,
                 which
                 gives
                 an
                 occasion
                 to
                 conclude
                 this
                 Chapter
                 with
                 a
                 report
                 of
                 an
                 accident
                 that
                 befell
                 a
                 Seaman
                 of
                 Caieta
                 .
                 That
                 a
                 Sea-man
                 having
                 caught
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 Fish
                 ,
                 preserv'd
                 it
                 alive
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 Pond
                 ,
                 and
                 tam'd
                 him
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 often
                 get
                 upon
                 his
                 Back
                 ,
                 and
                 managing
                 him
                 with
                 his
                 Voice
                 only
                 ,
                 accustom'd
                 the
                 willing
                 fish
                 ,
                 proud
                 of
                 his
                 burden
                 ,
                 to
                 carry
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 Pleasure
                 to
                 and
                 fro
                 upon
                 the
                 wide
                 Sea.
                 Some
                 time
                 after
                 it
                 happen'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sea-man
                 embarking
                 for
                 Spain
                 ,
                 the
                 Fish
                 made
                 his
                 escape
                 to
                 follow
                 the
                 Vessel
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 heard
                 his
                 Masters
                 Voice
                 :
                 and
                 it
                 so
                 fell
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Ship
                 being
                 cast
                 away
                 ,
                 the
                 faithful
                 Fish
                 distinguish'd
                 his
                 Master
                 from
                 among
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 that
                 cry'd
                 out
                 for
                 Help
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 taken
                 him
                 upon
                 his
                 Back
                 ,
                 return'd
                 with
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 Port
                 from
                 whence
                 he
                 set
                 out
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIII
                 .
                 Os
                 the
                 Islands
                 and
                 Kingdoms
                 of
                 Sicily
                 and
                 Sardigna
                 .
              
               
                 SOme
                 Authors
                 have
                 written
                 ,
                 that
                 Sicily
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 biggest
                 Island
                 in
                 the
                 Mediterranean
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 was
                 formerly
                 joyn'd
                 to
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 a
                 storm
                 of
                 Wind
                 occasion'd
                 the
                 separation
                 ;
                 others
                 assert
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 divided
                 from
                 it
                 by
                 an
                 Earthquake
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 first
                 
                 inhabited
                 by
                 Giants
                 ,
                 by
                 Listrigons
                 and
                 Cyclops
                 ;
                 it
                 was
                 likewise
                 call'd
                 
                   The
                   Island
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Trinacrea
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Three
                 Promontories
                 of
                 
                   Faro
                   ,
                   Passaro
                
                 and
                 Boco
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 so
                 plac'd
                 .
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 resembles
                 a
                 Greek
                 Delta
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 seated
                 between
                 36
                 and
                 40
                 Degree
                 of
                 Longitude
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Latiude
                 extends
                 from
                 the
                 35
                 to
                 88
                 Degree
                 .
                 The
                 circuit
                 of
                 the
                 Sea-coast
                 takes
                 up
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Fourscore
                 and
                 Ten
                 Leagues
                 ;
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 longest
                 ;
                 Sixty
                 Leagues
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 Fifty
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 broadest
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 but
                 Seven
                 Miles
                 from
                 
                   Cape
                   Faro
                
                 to
                 Seiglio
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 of
                 Naples
                 .
                 Some
                 will
                 have
                 this
                 Island
                 to
                 hang
                 in
                 the
                 Seas
                 ,
                 being
                 supported
                 only
                 by
                 Three
                 Pillars
                 that
                 are
                 under
                 the
                 Three
                 Promontories
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 justifie
                 their
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 assert
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 River
                 Salso
                 ,
                 that
                 rises
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Hole
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 comes
                 from
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 the
                 Water
                 is
                 Salt.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Air
                 is
                 very
                 wholesome
                 ,
                 thô
                 somewhat
                 of
                 the
                 hottest
                 for
                 Strangers
                 .
                 The
                 Soil
                 is
                 so
                 fertile
                 in
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 that
                 Sicily
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 Granary
                 of
                 Italy
                 .
                 The
                 Honey
                 ,
                 Oil
                 ,
                 Wax
                 ,
                 Sugar
                 ,
                 Saffron
                 ,
                 &c.
                 which
                 are
                 all
                 the
                 Products
                 of
                 that
                 Island
                 ,
                 draw
                 a
                 great
                 Trade
                 to
                 it
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 found
                 in
                 this
                 Island
                 ,
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 Agates
                 ,
                 Emraulds
                 ,
                 Jasper
                 ,
                 Porphyrie
                 ,
                 Salt
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 Mineral
                 Mines
                 :
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Sea-coasts
                 abound
                 in
                 Fish
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Roman
                 Empire
                 fell
                 to
                 decay
                 ,
                 Sicily
                 was
                 plunder'd
                 and
                 Usurp'd
                 by
                 the
                 Vandals
                 .
                 After
                 that
                 the
                 Saracins
                 settl'd
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 were
                 expell'd
                 by
                 the
                 Normans
                 in
                 1070.
                 
                 Charles
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 Duke
                 of
                 Anjou
                 ,
                 Count
                 of
                 Provence
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 Brother
                 of
                 St.
                 Lewis
                 .
                 was
                 invested
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 of
                 Naples
                 and
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 French
                 remain'd
                 Masters
                 of
                 it
                 till
                 the
                 year
                 1282
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 others
                 say
                 ,
                 1283.
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 ,
                 upon
                 an
                 Easter
                 day
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Hour
                 of
                 Vespers
                 ,
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 sollicited
                 by
                 the
                 Arragonians
                 ,
                 Massacred
                 all
                 the
                 French
                 in
                 the
                 Churches
                 ,
                 little
                 dreaming
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 fatal
                 surprize
                 :
                 and
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 Massacre
                 which
                 still
                 carries
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Sicilian
                   Vespers
                
                 .
                 Since
                 that
                 ,
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 setl'd
                 themselves
                 there
                 .
                 and
                 are
                 still
                 in
                 possession
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 sending
                 a
                 Viceroy
                 thither
                 to
                 Govern
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Spanish
                 Pistoles
                 ,
                 Piasters
                 and
                 Reals
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 Sequins
                 of
                 Venice
                 goe
                 currant
                 in
                 Sicilie
                 ,
                 provided
                 the
                 Pieces
                 be
                 weight
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 Coin
                 no
                 other
                 Money
                 but
                 Tarins
                 .
                 A
                 Spanish
                 Pistole
                 is
                 worth
                 Forty
                 Tarins
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Venetian
                 Sequin
                 ,
                 Twenty
                 four
                 :
                 Every
                 Tarin
                 is
                 worth
                 about
                 Five
                 Sols
                 of
                 France
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 make
                 any
                 Payment
                 ,
                 they
                 reckon
                 all
                 by
                 Ounces
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 an
                 Ounce
                 they
                 mean
                 30
                 Tarins
                 ,
                 which
                 make
                 Seven
                 Livres
                 ,
                 Ten
                 Sols
                 of
                 France
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 of
                 the
                 Customs
                 observ'd
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 appears
                 very
                 ridiculous
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 neither
                 Women
                 nor
                 Men
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 have
                 no
                 Beards
                 upon
                 their
                 Chins
                 ,
                 can
                 Lodge
                 in
                 the
                 Inns
                 ,
                 unless
                 they
                 be
                 particularly
                 acquainted
                 with
                 some
                 Person
                 of
                 Worth
                 in
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 or
                 without
                 very
                 sufficient
                 and
                 Authentick
                 Certificates
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 Guards
                 appointed
                 to
                 visit
                 the
                 Inns
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 look
                 into
                 the
                 Beds
                 ,
                 and
                 see
                 whether
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 Chins
                 without
                 Beards
                 .
                 They
                 likewise
                 seize
                 upon
                 all
                 that
                 are
                 abroad
                 in
                 the
                 Streets
                 Two
                 Hours
                 after
                 Night
                 is
                 shut
                 in
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 they
                 who
                 are
                 so
                 apprehended
                 ,
                 are
                 Fin'd
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 their
                 being
                 late
                 out
                 be
                 not
                 sufficient
                 to
                 excuse
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 This
                 Island
                 is
                 infested
                 with
                 so
                 many
                 Robbers
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 difficult
                 thing
                 for
                 a
                 Man
                 to
                 stir
                 halfe
                 a
                 League
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 without
                 losing
                 his
                 Cloak-bag
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 scape
                 with
                 his
                 Throat
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 never
                 Travel
                 by
                 Land
                 but
                 in
                 Caravans
                 ,
                 or
                 without
                 good
                 Convoys
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 must
                 take
                 a
                 great
                 care
                 too
                 ,
                 lest
                 the
                 Convoys
                 allow'd
                 ye
                 be
                 not
                 Thieves
                 themselves
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 nothing
                 expos'd
                 to
                 Sale
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 the
                 Shops
                 or
                 in
                 the
                 Markets
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Commissaries
                 of
                 the
                 Civil
                 Government
                 have
                 set
                 the
                 price
                 :
                 and
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 an
                 unpardonable
                 Crime
                 for
                 any
                 Merchant
                 or
                 Countryman
                 to
                 sell
                 his
                 Wares
                 or
                 Provision
                 dearer
                 then
                 the
                 sett
                 Rate
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Sicilians
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 that
                 inhabit
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Calabria
                 ,
                 wear
                 a
                 Bonnet
                 of
                 Goats-Skin
                 undrest
                 ,
                 their
                 Hair
                 being
                 matted
                 or
                 plaited
                 flat
                 behind
                 ;
                 A
                 Doublet
                 with
                 great
                 Skirts
                 ,
                 neither
                 Band
                 nor
                 Cravatt
                 ,
                 their
                 Breeches
                 very
                 strait
                 ,
                 a
                 Cloak
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Stuff
                 which
                 the
                 Chimney-Sweepers
                 in
                 Savoy
                 wear
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 fling
                 under
                 their
                 Left
                 Arm
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Sword
                 and
                 Pistol
                 by
                 their
                 sides
                 .
                 Their
                 Shooes
                 are
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 Rind
                 of
                 Bacon
                 well
                 Curry'd
                 ,
                 which
                 lasts
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Poor
                 have
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 a
                 bare
                 Sole
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 Bark
                 of
                 a
                 Tree
                 ,
                 ty'd
                 about
                 their
                 Feet
                 with
                 Packthread
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 People
                 of
                 Quality
                 ,
                 they
                 wear
                 Pumps
                 after
                 the
                 Spanish
                 fashion
                 .
              
               
                 Palermo
                 is
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 an
                 Archiepiscopal
                 See
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Residence
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Viceroy
                 ,
                 whose
                 Train
                 is
                 more
                 splendid
                 then
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 
                 Spain's
                 .
                 The
                 Air
                 is
                 temperate
                 ,
                 the
                 Haven
                 ,
                 the
                 Fountains
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Magnificence
                 of
                 the
                 Buildings
                 ,
                 contribute
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 to
                 render
                 Palermo
                 a
                 pleasant
                 Habitation
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Chiefest
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 reside
                 there
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Great
                 Piazza
                 that
                 faces
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 stands
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 Philip
                 IV.
                 upon
                 a
                 Pedestal
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 are
                 represented
                 the
                 Victories
                 of
                 that
                 Monarch
                 ,
                 supported
                 by
                 Four
                 Figures
                 representing
                 the
                 Four
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 of
                 White
                 Marble
                 .
                 In
                 another
                 Piazza
                 stands
                 a
                 Brass
                 Statue
                 of
                 Charles
                 V.
                 upon
                 a
                 Pedestal
                 of
                 Marble
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 meeting
                 of
                 the
                 new
                 Street
                 and
                 Cassaron
                 street
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 fairest
                 Streets
                 in
                 Palermo
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 a
                 noble
                 Fountain
                 ;
                 and
                 Four
                 Statues
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 of
                 
                   Spain
                   ,
                   Charles
                
                 V.
                 Philip
                 II.
                 III.
                 IV.
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 beautiful
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Piazza
                 right
                 against
                 the
                 Palace
                 of
                 Justice
                 stands
                 a
                 Fountain
                 ,
                 which
                 deservedly
                 is
                 lookt
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 beautiful
                 in
                 Europe
                 .
                 It
                 consists
                 of
                 several
                 hollow
                 Receptacles
                 ,
                 one
                 above
                 another
                 ,
                 separated
                 by
                 Galeries
                 ,
                 whither
                 you
                 ascend
                 to
                 admire
                 the
                 variety
                 of
                 large
                 Animals
                 that
                 spout
                 forth
                 Water
                 after
                 different
                 manners
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 is
                 of
                 Marble
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Figures
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Stone
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 that
                 you
                 have
                 seen
                 all
                 that
                 is
                 curious
                 in
                 Palermo
                 ,
                 Travellers
                 go
                 to
                 visit
                 Mount
                 Peregrin
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 after
                 an
                 ascent
                 of
                 Three
                 Miles
                 ,
                 you
                 meet
                 with
                 a
                 Cave
                 ,
                 almost
                 like
                 that
                 of
                 St.
                 Beaume
                 in
                 Provence
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 retirement
                 of
                 
                   Sta
                   Rasalia
                
                 ,
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 reported
                 that
                 
                 the
                 Fountain
                 within
                 that
                 Grotto
                 has
                 a
                 peculiar
                 Quality
                 to
                 Heal
                 several
                 Distempers
                 .
              
               
                 Thô
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 
                   Mont
                   Real
                
                 be
                 not
                 above
                 Four
                 Miles
                 distant
                 from
                 Palermo
                 ,
                 however
                 it
                 is
                 an
                 Archiepiscopal
                 See.
                 From
                 thence
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Prospect
                 of
                 Nine
                 Islands
                 ,
                 call'd
                 by
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Lipari
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 among
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 Of
                 which
                 two
                 ,
                 Vulcano
                 and
                 Stromboli
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 inhabited
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 their
                 continual
                 vomiting
                 forth
                 Flames
                 and
                 Smoak
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 they
                 are
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Burning
                   Islands
                   of
                   Sicily
                
                 .
              
               
                 However
                 ,
                 these
                 Islands
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 confusedly
                 for
                 Mount
                 Aetna
                 ,
                 commonly
                 call'd
                 Mount
                 Gibello
                 ,
                 the
                 highest
                 Mountain
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ;
                 which
                 thô
                 almost
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Snow
                 ,
                 yet
                 continually
                 vomits
                 forth
                 flames
                 of
                 Fire
                 ,
                 like
                 a
                 Glass-house
                 Furnace
                 ;
                 and
                 spreads
                 the
                 Ashes
                 of
                 the
                 consum'd
                 Materials
                 with
                 that
                 impetuosity
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Country
                 is
                 frequently
                 much
                 endamaged
                 thereby
                 :
                 thô
                 if
                 the
                 same
                 Ashes
                 are
                 but
                 moderately
                 scatter'd
                 over
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 they
                 enfertilize
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Catanea
                 ,
                 lying
                 under
                 this
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 has
                 suffer'd
                 many
                 Conflagrations
                 ,
                 occasion'd
                 by
                 the
                 sparkles
                 of
                 this
                 Infernal
                 Gulph
                 .
                 Several
                 Persons
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 so
                 curious
                 as
                 to
                 climb
                 to
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 Mount
                 Gibello
                 ,
                 have
                 been
                 either
                 lost
                 in
                 the
                 Snow
                 ,
                 or
                 buried
                 in
                 the
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 times
                 the
                 Flames
                 enforce
                 their
                 way
                 through
                 Chawns
                 and
                 Rifts
                 ne'r
                 known
                 before
                 ,
                 with
                 such
                 an
                 amazing
                 noise
                 ,
                 as
                 alarms
                 all
                 the
                 Island
                 .
                 Not
                 far
                 from
                 Mount
                 Gibello
                 is
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 some
                 will
                 have
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 Ceres
                 first
                 began
                 to
                 sow
                 Wheat
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 will
                 undertake
                 
                 to
                 shew
                 ye
                 the
                 Meadows
                 where
                 Hercules
                 fed
                 his
                 Oxen.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Lake
                 Naphtica
                 is
                 noted
                 for
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 stench
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 is
                 so
                 noisom
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 poisons
                 the
                 adjacent
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 much
                 impairs
                 the
                 Health
                 of
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Inhabitants
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 another
                 Lake
                 near
                 
                   Castro
                   Giovanni
                
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 no
                 bottom
                 ;
                 'T
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Lake
                 of
                 Proserpina
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 suspition
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 Proserpina
                 was
                 Ravish'd
                 ,
                 and
                 carried
                 to
                 the
                 Infernal
                 Regions
                 by
                 her
                 Ravisher
                 .
              
               
                 Messina
                 is
                 an
                 Archiepiscopal
                 City
                 ,
                 famous
                 for
                 the
                 Haven
                 that
                 belongs
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 near
                 
                   Cape
                   Faro
                
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 it
                 a
                 Town
                 of
                 Great
                 Trade
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 frequented
                 by
                 Foreigners
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Grand
                 Piazza
                 stands
                 a
                 Brass
                 Statue
                 of
                 Philip
                 IV.
                 upon
                 a
                 Horse
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Metal
                 ;
                 the
                 whole
                 Adorn'd
                 with
                 Base-Reliefs
                 ,
                 representing
                 his
                 most
                 famous
                 Actions
                 .
                 Over
                 the
                 Door
                 of
                 a
                 Tower
                 near
                 the
                 Metropolitan
                 Church
                 ,
                 stands
                 a
                 French
                 Inscription
                 .
                 
                   Grand-merci
                   a
                   Messina
                
                 ,
                 in
                 remembrance
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 French
                 began
                 with
                 Messina
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 made
                 themselves
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 several
                 other
                 Whirlpools
                 ,
                 or
                 Abysses
                 of
                 Water
                 in
                 the
                 Sea
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 Messina
                 ,
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 Charybdis
                 ,
                 Famous
                 among
                 the
                 Latin
                 Poets
                 .
                 This
                 Whirlpool
                 is
                 about
                 Thirty
                 Paces
                 in
                 Diameter
                 ;
                 which
                 compass
                 of
                 the
                 Surface
                 is
                 usually
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Froth
                 ,
                 Bulrushes
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 foul
                 excrescencies
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 which
                 throw
                 themselves
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 swallow'd
                 up
                 by
                 it
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 the
                 Mariners
                 of
                 Messina
                 ,
                 Sail
                 over
                 
                 in
                 flat
                 bottom'd
                 Barks
                 ,
                 where
                 after
                 several
                 times
                 being
                 whirl'd
                 and
                 turn'd
                 about
                 ,
                 they
                 row
                 themselves
                 back
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Tides
                 of
                 Ebb
                 and
                 Flood
                 are
                 so
                 rapid
                 in
                 the
                 Channel
                 that
                 separates
                 Sicily
                 from
                 Italy
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 many
                 times
                 force
                 the
                 Vessels
                 riding
                 there
                 ,
                 from
                 their
                 Anchors
                 ,
                 let
                 'em
                 be
                 never
                 so
                 strong
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 many
                 a
                 Ship.
                 
              
               
                 Saragossa
                 or
                 Syracuse
                 was
                 formerly
                 lookt
                 upon
                 as
                 the
                 largest
                 and
                 most
                 Magnificent
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 Universe
                 .
                 Athens
                 beheld
                 her self
                 abandon'd
                 by
                 the
                 Greatest
                 part
                 of
                 her
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 who
                 betook
                 themselves
                 to
                 settle
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 most
                 sumptuous
                 Edifices
                 in
                 Rome
                 ,
                 derive
                 their
                 chiefest
                 Ornaments
                 from
                 the
                 Spoils
                 of
                 her
                 Structures
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 beautiful
                 Ruin
                 of
                 her
                 Antiquity
                 remaining
                 is
                 the
                 Aqueduct
                 ,
                 cut
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Rock
                 ,
                 that
                 carries
                 the
                 Water
                 over
                 the
                 Haven
                 ,
                 about
                 Ten
                 Miles
                 in
                 length
                 .
                 Without
                 the
                 City
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 
                 Arethusa's
                 Fountain
                 that
                 rises
                 in
                 great
                 abundance
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Rock
                 by
                 the
                 Sea-side
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 report
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Water
                 comes
                 from
                 the
                 
                   Holy
                   Land
                
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 conveyance
                 that
                 runs
                 under
                 the
                 Abysses
                 of
                 the
                 Sea.
                 But
                 the
                 greatest
                 Evidence
                 that
                 they
                 alleadge
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 this
                 ,
                 That
                 a
                 Pilgrim
                 one
                 day
                 taking
                 up
                 Water
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Alpheus
                 ,
                 by
                 chance
                 let
                 his
                 Dish
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 and
                 lost
                 it
                 to
                 his
                 incredible
                 Grief
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 hid
                 within
                 it
                 Seven
                 Pistoles
                 for
                 unforeseen
                 occasions
                 .
                 That
                 embarking
                 to
                 return
                 for
                 Europe
                 ,
                 he
                 landed
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 going
                 to
                 the
                 Fountain
                 Arethusa
                 to
                 Drink
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 his
                 Dish
                 floating
                 upon
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 knew
                 again
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 the
                 Seven
                 Pistoles
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 several
                 other
                 marks
                 .
              
               
               
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 Grotto
                 ,
                 lies
                 not
                 far
                 distant
                 from
                 Saragossa
                 ,
                 much
                 more
                 considerable
                 than
                 any
                 of
                 those
                 about
                 Puzzuolo
                 ,
                 For
                 there
                 you
                 may
                 see
                 a
                 whole
                 City
                 cut
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Rock
                 ,
                 with
                 subterraneal
                 Streets
                 ,
                 Palaces
                 ,
                 Piazza's
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 admirable
                 Structures
                 .
                 But
                 you
                 must
                 have
                 some
                 notable
                 Antiquarie
                 for
                 your
                 guide
                 ,
                 that
                 knows
                 all
                 the
                 Turnings
                 and
                 Windings
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 well
                 provided
                 with
                 Matches
                 and
                 Torches
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 several
                 other
                 Islands
                 between
                 Sicily
                 and
                 Barbary
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Maltha
                   ,
                   Gozes
                   ,
                   Limosa
                   ,
                   Lampadousa
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 but
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 rather
                 belong
                 to
                 Africa
                 then
                 Europe
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 say
                 nothing
                 of
                 'em
                 here
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 forbear
                 observing
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Chappel
                 ,
                 where
                 you
                 shall
                 meet
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Refreshments
                 for
                 Sea
                 faring
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 that
                 is
                 necessary
                 for
                 Navigation
                 ,
                 as
                 Biscuit
                 ,
                 Cordage
                 ,
                 Anchors
                 ,
                 Sails
                 ,
                 Oil
                 ,
                 Wood
                 ,
                 Fish
                 ,
                 Stuffs
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 And
                 all
                 that
                 Sail
                 near
                 that
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 occasion
                 for
                 any
                 of
                 those
                 things
                 ,
                 goe
                 and
                 fetch
                 'em
                 from
                 that
                 Chappel
                 ,
                 leaving
                 the
                 value
                 in
                 other
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 their
                 Vessel
                 is
                 best
                 provided
                 .
                 All
                 Nations
                 ,
                 even
                 the
                 Turks
                 themselves
                 ,
                 goe
                 thither
                 for
                 what
                 they
                 want
                 ;
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 fail
                 to
                 leave
                 a
                 Compensation
                 ,
                 their
                 Ships
                 can
                 stir
                 no
                 farther
                 ,
                 let
                 the
                 Wind
                 be
                 never
                 so
                 favourable
                 .
                 We
                 are
                 assur'd
                 ,
                 that
                 several
                 have
                 known
                 this
                 to
                 be
                 true
                 by
                 many
                 Tryals
                 .
                 However
                 it
                 be
                 ,
                 that
                 Chappel
                 is
                 hewen
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Rock
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 Paces
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Spring
                 of
                 excellent
                 fresh
                 Water
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 keep
                 sweet
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 at
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
               
                 As
                 for
                 Sardigna
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 many
                 Remarks
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 upon
                 that
                 Island
                 .
                 All
                 that
                 I
                 can
                 say
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 an
                 Island
                 in
                 the
                 Mediterranean
                 Sea
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 who
                 Governs
                 it
                 by
                 a
                 Viceroy
                 .
                 The
                 Air
                 is
                 so
                 thick
                 ,
                 that
                 formerly
                 such
                 persons
                 were
                 banish'd
                 thither
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 State
                 had
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 be
                 rid
                 of
                 ;
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Breed
                 of
                 Great
                 Dogs
                 there
                 ,
                 bigger
                 then
                 the
                 Dogs
                 in
                 England
                 ;
                 and
                 such
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Rats
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 has
                 enjoyn'd
                 all
                 the
                 Owners
                 of
                 Houses
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 as
                 many
                 Cats
                 as
                 they
                 have
                 Rooms
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Ancient
                 Sardignians
                 had
                 a
                 Law
                 ,
                 which
                 ordain'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sons
                 should
                 knock
                 out
                 their
                 Parents
                 Brains
                 ,
                 when
                 once
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 Superannuated
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 the
                 Infirmity
                 of
                 their
                 Minds
                 should
                 incline
                 'em
                 to
                 commit
                 Faults
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 their
                 Families
                 or
                 the
                 Government
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIV
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 Corse
                 .
              
               
                 THis
                 Island
                 is
                 seated
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 of
                 Sardigna
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 is
                 separated
                 by
                 a
                 Channel
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 Sail'd
                 over
                 in
                 an
                 hour
                 ,
                 and
                 lies
                 between
                 the
                 40
                 and
                 42
                 Degree
                 of
                 Latitude
                 ,
                 and
                 between
                 the
                 31
                 and
                 32
                 of
                 Longitude
                 .
                 The
                 largest
                 extent
                 of
                 it
                 from
                 South
                 to
                 North
                 ,
                 is
                 about
                 
                 40
                 Leagues
                 ,
                 20
                 Broad
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Circuit
                 about
                 Fourscore
                 and
                 Ten.
                 It
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 a
                 Woman
                 of
                 Liguria
                 ,
                 whose
                 Name
                 was
                 
                   Corsa
                   Bubulca
                
                 ,
                 who
                 carried
                 thither
                 a
                 Colonie
                 out
                 of
                 her
                 own
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Island
                 of
                 Corse
                 has
                 belong'd
                 to
                 the
                 Genoeses
                 ever
                 since
                 the
                 year
                 1559.
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 Henry
                 II.
                 Granted
                 it
                 to
                 'em
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 request
                 of
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 St.
                 Quintin
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 are
                 not
                 pleas'd
                 with
                 their
                 Government
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Genoeses
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 afraid
                 of
                 their
                 Revolting
                 ,
                 or
                 lest
                 some
                 Foreign
                 Power
                 should
                 make
                 themselves
                 Masters
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 do
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 in
                 them
                 lies
                 to
                 lay
                 it
                 waste
                 ;
                 and
                 give
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Air
                 is
                 too
                 unwholsome
                 for
                 People
                 that
                 are
                 not
                 bred
                 there
                 ;
                 Besides
                 that
                 ,
                 the
                 Soil
                 is
                 so
                 ungrateful
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 will
                 hardly
                 return
                 the
                 Seed
                 that
                 is
                 sown
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 certain
                 that
                 this
                 is
                 spoken
                 ,
                 either
                 out
                 of
                 Malice
                 or
                 Sloth
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 brings
                 forth
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 more
                 then
                 sufficient
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 that
                 it
                 produces
                 good
                 Horses
                 ,
                 and
                 Timber
                 for
                 Shipping
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 in
                 it
                 several
                 Mines
                 of
                 Copper
                 ,
                 Lead
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Baths
                 and
                 Mineral
                 Fountains
                 ;
                 among
                 which
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 Povera
                 in
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Ampugnano
                 ,
                 cures
                 the
                 Dropsie
                 ;
                 Besides
                 that
                 ,
                 they
                 fish
                 for
                 Coral
                 upon
                 the
                 Coasts
                 .
              
               
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 this
                 Island
                 might
                 be
                 made
                 a
                 place
                 of
                 great
                 Trade
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 want
                 of
                 good
                 and
                 convenient
                 Havens
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 chiefest
                 are
                 
                   San
                   Fiorenzo
                   ,
                   Ajacho
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Porto
                   Vecchio
                
                 ,
                 big
                 enough
                 to
                 contain
                 whole
                 Fleets
                 .
                 The
                 First
                 was
                 formerly
                 Fortifi'd
                 by
                 the
                 French
                 ;
                 but
                 
                 the
                 Genoeses
                 have
                 demolish'd
                 the
                 best
                 Works
                 ,
                 having
                 left
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 Foundations
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 of
                 Free-stone
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Corses
                 are
                 good
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 very
                 strong
                 ,
                 but
                 very
                 slothful
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 less
                 revengeful
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 upon
                 their
                 Death-beds
                 they
                 recommend
                 the
                 revenge
                 of
                 Injuries
                 done
                 'em
                 to
                 their
                 Kindred
                 .
                 Thô
                 there
                 be
                 Five
                 Bishopricks
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 yet
                 there
                 is
                 but
                 one
                 considerable
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 Bastia
                 ,
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 and
                 Residence
                 of
                 the
                 Governor
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 but
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 Pay
                 of
                 the
                 Republick
                 for
                 security
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 an
                 easie
                 thing
                 to
                 surprize
                 it
                 ,
                 especially
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 stronger
                 at
                 Sea
                 then
                 the
                 Genoeses
                 are
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 END
                 .