British antiquities revived, or, A friendly contest touching the soveraignty of the three princes of VVales in ancient times managed with certain arguments whereunto answers are applyed by Robert Vaughan, Esq. ; to which is added the pedigree of the Right Honourable the Earl of Carbery, Lord President of Wales ; with a short account of the five royall tribes of Cambria, by the same author.
         Vaughan, Robert, 1592-1667.
      
       
         
           1662
        
      
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             British antiquities revived, or, A friendly contest touching the soveraignty of the three princes of VVales in ancient times managed with certain arguments whereunto answers are applyed by Robert Vaughan, Esq. ; to which is added the pedigree of the Right Honourable the Earl of Carbery, Lord President of Wales ; with a short account of the five royall tribes of Cambria, by the same author.
             Vaughan, Robert, 1592-1667.
          
           [5], 44 p.
           
             Printed by Hen. Hall ... for Thomas Robinson,
             Oxford :
             1662.
          
           
             Reproduction of original in British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Carbery, Richard Vaughan, -- Earl of, 1600?-1686.
           Wales -- History.
        
      
    
     
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           BRITISH
           Antiquities
           revived
           :
           OR
           A
           friendly
           Contest
           touching
           the
           soveraignty
           of
           the
           three
           Princes
           of
           VVales
           in
           ancient
           times
           ,
           managed
           with
           certain
           arguments
           ,
           whereunto
           answers
           are
           applyed
           .
        
         
           By
           ROBERT
           VAUGHAN
           
             Esq
          
        
         
           To
           which
           is
           added
           the
           Pedegree
           of
           the
           right
           Honourable
           the
           Earl
           of
           CARBERY
           ,
           Lord
           President
           of
           WALES
           :
           with
           A
           Short
           account
           of
           the
           five
           Royall
           Tribes
           of
           CAMBRIA
           ,
           by
           the
           same
           Author
           .
        
         
           
             Sunt
             duo
             tresve
             qui
             revelvant
             ▪
          
           
             Nostrarum
             tineas
             ineptiarum
             .
             
               Martial
               .
               l.
               11.
               
            
          
        
         
           OXFORD
           ,
           Printed
           by
           HEN
           :
           HALL
           Printer
           to
           the
           University
           ,
           for
           THOMAS
           ROBINSON
           .
           1662.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           To
           the
           right
           worshipfull
           Sr.
           RICHARD
           WYNNE
           of
           GWEDIR
           Baronet
           ,
           and
           Knight
           for
           the
           County
           of
           CARNARVAN
           in
           this
           present
           Parlament
           .
        
         
           
             SIR
             ,
          
        
         
           I
           Had
           designed
           this
           small
           Treatise
           (
           being
           the
           first
           fruits
           of
           my
           study
           in
           Antiquities
           )
           for
           your
           honoured
           Father
           ;
           but
           failing
           of
           my
           purpose
           by
           reason
           of
           his
           death
           (
           which
           was
           untimely
           to
           his
           friends
           ,
           though
           not
           to
           himself
           )
           I
           thought
           I
           might
           not
           (
           without
           being
           highly
           injurious
           )
           present
           a
           thing
           once
           devoted
           to
           him
           to
           any
           else
           besides
           your self
           ,
           who
           as
           his
           heir
           might
           lay
           a
           just
           claime
           to
           it
           ,
           and
           also
           to
           my
           most
           humble
           services
           ;
           I
           promise
           my self
           you
           will
           vouchsafe
           it
           a
           kind
           entertainment
           ,
           since
           (
           I
           know
           )
           both
           your
           goodnesse
           and
           your
           interest
           in
           the
           subject
           ,
           as
           lineally
           descended
           from
           the
           Princes
           of
           Northwales
           (
           whose
           rights
           are
           therein
           maintained
           )
           are
           more
           then
           sufficient
           to
           oblige
           you
           thereto
           .
           The
           writing
           of
           it
           was
           upon
           this
           occasion
           :
           some
           Gentlemen
           of
           Southwales
           being
           dissatisfied
           with
           Caradoc
           of
           Lancarvan's
           History
           of
           Wales
           ,
           published
           by
           
             Dr.
             Powel
          
           ,
           in
           regard
           that
           therein
           the
           Prince
           of
           Northwales
           is
           held
           forth
           to
           be
           Soveraigne
           over
           the
           other
           two
           Princes
           of
           Southwales
           and
           Powis
           ,
           as
           being
           of
           the
           elder
           house
           ,
           thought
           fit
           (
           in
           order
           to
           the
           compiling
           of
           a
           more
           
             exact
             history
          
           )
           to
           draw
           up
           certain
           arguments
           for
           the
           soveraignty
           of
           all
           Wales
           to
           be
           in
           the
           Prince
           of
           Southwales
           ,
           and
           to
           send
           them
           also
           into
           Northwales
           to
           see
           what
           could
           be
           said
           in
           answer
           to
           them
           ,
           before
           any
           further
           use
           should
           be
           made
           of
           them
           .
           They
           were
           delivered
           by
           Sr.
           
             Thomas
             Canon
          
           late
           of
           Pembrokeshire
           Kt.
           to
           Sr.
           
             John
             Lloyd
          
           of
           the
           
             Inner
             Temple
          
           Kt.
           and
           
             Sergeant
             at
             Law
          
           ,
           who
           delivered
           them
           to
           me
           above
           40
           years
           ago
           ,
           desiring
           I
           would
           take
           the
           pains
           to
           peruse
           and
           answer
           them
           as
           well
           as
           I
           was
           able
           .
           At
           his
           intreaty
           I
           undertook
           it
           ,
           and
           ,
           as
           you
           will
           find
           ,
           done
           somewhat
           in
           it
           ,
           though
           in
           a
           rude
           manner
           ,
           which
           I
           hope
           will
           be
           excused
           in
           a
           person
           ,
           whose
           only
           designe
           is
           plainly
           to
           set
           forth
           the
           truth
           ,
           which
           shews
           alwaies
           best
           in
           its
           own
           proper
           colours
           without
           the
           elaborate
           dresse
           and
           varnish
           of
           Rhetorick
           .
           But
           some
           men
           possibly
           may
           object
           against
           this
           undertaking
           of
           mine
           ,
           
           that
           it
           was
           needlesse
           ,
           and
           that
           ,
           if
           it
           had
           been
           to
           any
           end
           ,
           it
           was
           no
           discretion
           to
           revive
           and
           publish
           an
           
             old
             Contest
          
           long
           since
           (
           God
           be
           praised
           )
           happily
           decided
           .
           I
           confesse
           we
           have
           reason
           to
           blesse
           God
           for
           his
           mercy
           to
           us
           in
           our
           happy
           establishment
           under
           
             one
             Monarch
          
           ;
           we
           may
           well
           say
           we
           were
           conquered
           to
           our
           gain
           ,
           and
           undone
           to
           our
           advantage
           ,
           
             periissemus
             nisi
             periissemus
          
           ;
           But
           yet
           it
           must
           be
           granted
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           no
           small
           delight
           that
           redounds
           from
           the
           revolving
           and
           perusall
           of
           
             old
             records
          
           :
           though
           Troy
           hath
           for
           severall
           ages
           layn
           buried
           in
           its
           ashes
           ,
           both
           its
           glory
           and
           government
           being
           quite
           dissolved
           ,
           though
           the
           
             Athenian
             ,
             Spartan
             ,
             Theban
          
           ,
           and
           other
           petit
           Grecian
           Estates
           have
           long
           since
           had
           their
           periods
           ,
           yet
           we
           still
           take
           a
           great
           deale
           of
           satisfaction
           in
           reading
           their
           stories
           ,
           how
           they
           began
           ,
           grew
           up
           ,
           flourished
           ,
           strove
           ,
           &
           decayed
           .
           Besides
           there
           may
           be
           this
           
             good
             use
          
           made
           of
           it
           ,
           viz
           ,
           that
           by
           reflecting
           upon
           our
           former
           miseries
           and
           divisions
           while
           we
           contended
           for
           soveraignty
           ,
           we
           may
           be
           induced
           to
           put
           the
           greater
           value
           upon
           our
           present
           happinesse
           .
           Thus
           having
           given
           you
           an
           account
           of
           the
           worke
           ,
           and
           what
           I
           had
           to
           say
           in
           its
           defence
           ,
           I
           commend
           it
           to
           your
           protection
           :
           and
           with
           my
           prayers
           to
           God
           for
           you
           and
           your
           noble
           family
           remain
           ,
           Sir
           ,
        
         
           
             Your
             faithfull
             Servant
             at
             command
             ROB
             :
             VAUGHAN
          
           
             Hengwrt
             
               May
               the
               9th
               .
               1662.
               
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           The
           state
           of
           the
           Question
           .
        
         
           
             RODERIC
             the
             great
          
           ,
           King
           of
           Wales
           ,
           about
           
             A●
             :
             Dom
          
           :
           876.
           did
           dispose
           the
           three
           Principalities
           thereof
           to
           three
           of
           his
           sons
           ,
           viz.
           Southwales
           to
           Caedelh
           ,
           who
           is
           maintained
           in
           this
           Treatise
           to
           be
           the
           Eldest
           ;
           Northwales
           to
           Anarawd
           ,
           who
           is
           held
           by
           some
           late
           writers
           of
           Northwales
           to
           be
           the
           Eldest
           ;
           and
           Powis
           to
           Mervyn
           ,
           who
           is
           held
           by
           some
           other
           writers
           of
           Northwales
           to
           be
           the
           Eldest
           :
           (
           which
           being
           least
           probable
           ,
           as
           touching
           Mervyn
           )
           the
           Question
           here
           is
           ,
           Whether
           Cadell
           or
           Anarawd
           were
           the
           Eldest
           son
           of
           
             Roderic
             the
             great
          
           ,
           and
           which
           of
           them
           had
           the
           soveraigne
           power
           and
           rule
           over
           all
           Wales
           .
        
      
       
         
           Arguments
           proving
           Cadelh
           Prince
           of
           Southwales
           to
           be
           the
           Eldest
           Son
           of
           Roderic
           the
           great
           ,
           (
           King
           of
           Wales
           ,
           )
           and
           that
           he
           ,
           and
           his
           issue
           after
           him
           had
           a
           superiority
           over
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Princes
           ,
           over
           his
           two
           Brethren
           ,
           and
           the
           Descendants
           from
           them
           .
        
         
           
             The
             first
             Argument
             .
          
           
             THE
             principalitie
             of
             Powys
             after
             the
             death
             of
             Mervyn
             ,
             the
             youngest
             Brother
             ,
             (
             who
             died
             without
             issue
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             most
             credible
             writers
             of
             the
             Antiquities
             of
             VVales
             )
             descended
             to
             Cadelh
             ,
             as
             the
             Eldest
             brother
             and
             Heir
             ,
             and
             from
             him
             to
             
               Howel
               Dha
            
             his
             Son
             ,
             and
             so
             
             to
             
               Bledhyn
               ap
               Convyn
            
             by
             due
             course
             of
             inheritance
             from
             Cadelh
             .
             And
             for
             the
             opinion
             that
             Mervyn
             had
             a
             Son
             named
             Lhewelyn
             ,
             (
             whose
             Daughter
             and
             Heir
             was
             married
             to
             
               Mredith
               ap
               Owen
            
             ,
             third
             son
             of
             
               Owen
               ap
               Howel
               Dha
            
             ,
             and
             great
             Grandchild
             to
             Cadelh
             ,
             )
             and
             that
             thereby
             Powys
             came
             to
             the
             line
             of
             Cadelh
             ,
             it
             is
             fit
             the
             authority
             thereof
             do
             appear
             ,
             before
             it
             receive
             credit
             .
             Likewise
             ,
             whereas
             some
             Writers
             for
             Northwales
             do
             alledge
             ,
             that
             Cad●lh
             took
             Powys
             by
             force
             from
             his
             brethren
             after
             the
             death
             of
             his
             brother
             Mervyn
             ,
             it
             is
             therefore
             impliedly
             confessed
             ,
             that
             Mervyn
             had
             no
             children
             :
             and
             it
             is
             not
             unlike
             that
             he
             actually
             entred
             into
             and
             seized
             Powys
             as
             his
             inheritance
             ,
             and
             that
             his
             brethren
             might
             pretend
             to
             have
             portions
             there
             by
             Gavel-kind
             upon
             the
             death
             of
             their
             brother
             Mervyn
             .
             But
             could
             he
             carry
             a
             principality
             from
             all
             the
             race
             of
             Roderic
             (
             who
             had
             diverse
             sons
             ,
             besides
             those
             three
             princes
             )
             by
             strong
             hand
             ,
             and
             without
             right
             or
             opposition
             ?
             whereas
             it
             doth
             not
             appear
             throughout
             the
             whole
             course
             of
             the
             histories
             of
             Wales
             ,
             that
             either
             there
             was
             any
             stirre
             or
             claime
             made
             by
             the
             prince
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             or
             any
             of
             the
             descent
             of
             Roderic
             for
             Powys
             ,
             or
             any
             entries
             made
             by
             them
             into
             that
             country
             ,
             untill
             after
             the
             soveraignty
             thereof
             came
             to
             the
             King
             of
             England
             ,
             by
             the
             conquering
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             ,
             that
             they
             made
             head
             in
             those
             parts
             as
             in
             other
             parts
             of
             Wales
             against
             the
             invasion
             of
             the
             
               Lords
               Marchers
            
             ,
             whereas
             they
             might
             have
             done
             it
             most
             easily
             ,
             seeing
             it
             wholly
             bordereth
             on
             Northwales
             ,
             and
             is
             farthest
             from
             Southwales
             ,
             and
             especially
             being
             incited
             and
             warranted
             thereunto
             for
             recovery
             of
             their
             right
             .
             And
             if
             a
             judgment
             may
             be
             made
             that
             that
             which
             is
             ill
             gotten
             cannot
             long
             endure
             ,
             
               Et
               de
               male
               partis
               tertius
               haeres
               non
               gaudebit
               ,
            
             then
             let
             the
             long
             continued
             descent
             of
             diverse
             parts
             of
             Powys
             in
             the
             heires
             of
             Cadelh
             ,
             plead
             for
             him
             that
             he
             came
             justly
             and
             lawfully
             to
             it
             :
             for
             the
             Lordship
             of
             Mowthwy
             being
             a
             part
             of
             Powys
             is
             enjoyed
             to
             this
             day
             ,
             (
             by
             descent
             from
             Cadelh
             .
             )
             And
             a
             great
             part
             thereof
             was
             held
             (
             untill
             of
             late
             time
             )
             by
             
               Grey
               Lo
               :
               Powys
            
             by
             like
             descent
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             possessions
             continued
             long
             in
             his
             posterity
             and
             line
             ,
             untill
             by
             partition
             they
             were
             branched
             into
             diverse
             families
             ,
             whereof
             a
             great
             p●rt
             is
             now
             in
             the
             Crown
             by
             severall
             meanes
             ;
             howbeit
             the
             soveraignty
             remained
             still
             in
             the
             heires
             of
             Cadelh
             ,
             as
             Prince
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             which
             appeareth
             by
             their
             chastising
             the
             defections
             ,
             and
             taking
             pledges
             for
             the
             obedience
             of
             the
             
               Lords
               of
               Powys
            
             ,
             and
             such
             testimonies
             of
             Soveraignty
             related
             by
             
             the
             writers
             of
             Northwales
             .
             It
             is
             alledged
             also
             by
             some
             of
             them
             ,
             that
             the
             possession
             of
             Powys
             was
             witheld
             by
             the
             heires
             of
             
               Brochwel
               Ysgythroc
            
             ,
             who
             was
             Prince
             thereof
             about
             
               An
               :
               Dom.
            
             617.
             
             If
             that
             were
             true
             ,
             the●
             Cad●lh
             did
             not
             take
             Powys
             by
             force
             from
             his
             brethren
             .
             But
             for
             the
             truth
             hereof
             Roderic
             was
             lineall
             heir
             to
             
               Brochwel
               Ysgy●hroc
            
             ,
             viz.
             son
             of
             
               M●rvyn
               Vrych
            
             ,
             son
             of
             Nest
             ,
             sister
             and
             heir
             of
             Cyngen
             ,
             son
             to
             Cadelh
             son
             to
             
               Brochwel
               Ysgythroc
            
             .
             And
             thereby
             Roderic
             had
             both
             the
             Right
             and
             Possession
             of
             Powys
             .
             And
             therefore
             untill
             another
             Heir
             be
             found
             ,
             or
             other
             desc●nts
             appear
             from
             
               Brochwel
               Ysgythroc
            
             to
             
               Bledhyn
               ap
               Convyn
            
             ,
             then
             by
             the
             line
             of
             Roderic
             the
             great
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             persons
             be
             mentioned
             that
             held
             Powys
             in
             all
             that
             time
             ,
             other
             then
             the
             line
             of
             Roderic
             ;
             the
             beliefe
             of
             this
             allegation
             may
             be
             well
             suspended
             .
             And
             thus
             the
             way
             is
             cleared
             to
             conclude
             upon
             this
             first
             point
             ,
             that
             Cadelh
             was
             the
             Eldest
             and
             soveraigne
             Prince
             of
             Wales
             by
             the
             descending
             of
             Powys
             unto
             him
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           Anarawd
           maintained
           to
           be
           the
           Eldest
           son
           of
           Roderic
           the
           great
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           the
           right
           of
           Soveraignty
           over
           all
           Wales
           ,
           and
           so
           likewise
           his
           successors
           the
           Princes
           of
           Northwales
           .
        
         
           
             The
             Answer
             to
             the
             first
             Argument
             .
          
           
             THE
             later
             Prince
             of
             Powys
             held
             that
             by
             inheritance
             from
             the
             third
             son
             of
             
               Rod●ric
               the
               great
            
             ,
             as
             Mr.
             Camden
             in
             these
             words
             declareth
             ▪
             
               Powissiae
               principes
               à
               tertio
               filio
               Roderici
               magni
               prognati
               hunc
               agrum
               (
               viz
               Mountgomerieshire
               )
               cum
               aliis
               perpetuâ
               serie
               ad
               Ed
               :
               2.
               temporat●nuerunt
            
             Therefore
             Cadelh
             prince
             of
             Southwales
             (
             out
             of
             whose
             loines
             the
             later
             princes
             of
             Powys
             were
             descended
             )
             must
             of
             necessity
             be
             the
             third
             son
             o●
             Roderic
             the
             great
             ,
             which
             degree
             of
             Birth
             the
             
               white
               book
            
             of
             
               Hergest
               ,
               Tho●
               Maylor
               ,
               Jo
               :
               Leland
               ,
               Hum
               :
               Llwyd
               ,
               Myles
               ,
            
             and
             many
             more
             both
             modern
             and
             ancient
             Authors
             do
             attribute
             to
             Cadell
             by
             name
             .
             And
             if
             to
             avoid
             that
             ,
             you
             will
             say
             that
             Camden
             by
             
               tertio
               filio
            
             did
             not
             mean
             Cadelh
             ,
             the●
             must
             Mervyn
             be
             the
             man
             ,
             and
             consequently
             he
             must
             have
             issue
             ,
             else
             the
             later
             princes
             of
             Powys
             could
             not
             derive
             themselves
             from
             Roderic
             ,
             and
             i●
             he
             had
             issue
             ,
             then
             Cadell
             could
             not
             have
             Powys
             by
             inheritance
             ,
             as
             being
             
             the
             Eldest
             of
             the
             3
             Brethren
             ;
             what
             was
             got
             otherwise
             ,
             is
             not
             the
             thing
             in
             question
             .
             And
             truly
             to
             deny
             Mervyn's
             issue
             were
             injury
             in
             the
             highest
             degree
             offered
             to
             diverse
             Gentlemen
             of
             Wales
             descending
             from
             him
             ,
             and
             in
             particular
             to
             the
             reverend
             and
             learned
             Judge
             ,
             Sr.
             
               William
               Jones
            
             of
             Carnarvan
             shire
             Kt.
             and
             lately
             one
             of
             the
             Justices
             of
             the
             
               Kings
               bench
            
             ,
             who
             derives
             his
             pedegree
             lineally
             from
             Triffin
             the
             son
             of
             Mervyn
             :
             and
             if
             you
             doubt
             whether
             Mervyn
             had
             such
             a
             son
             ,
             a
             very
             ancient
             parchment
             MS.
             written
             above
             400
             yeares
             agoe
             will
             resolve
             you
             ,
             
               O
               Driffin
               mab
               Mervyn
               mab
               Rodri
               mawr
               ydd
               benyw
               gwehelyeith
               Riw
               o
               Leyn
               :
            
             that
             is
             ,
             the
             inheritors
             of
             Rhiw
             in
             Llyn
             are
             descended
             of
             Triffin
             the
             son
             of
             Mervyn
             ,
             the
             son
             of
             
               Roderic
               the
               great
            
             .
             Likewise
             in
             a
             Genealogy
             of
             the
             princes
             of
             
               Northwales
               ,
               Southwales
            
             ,
             and
             Powys
             descending
             from
             
               Roderic
               the
               great
            
             ,
             annexed
             to
             a
             Latine
             copy
             of
             the
             Lawes
             of
             
               Howel
               Dha
            
             ,
             we
             find
             that
             
               Idwal
               voel
            
             son
             to
             Anarawd
             King
             of
             Northwales
             did
             marry
             Avandreg
             the
             daughter
             of
             Mervyn
             King
             of
             Powis
             ,
             upon
             whom
             he
             begat
             Meuric
             the
             Ancestor
             of
             
               Lhewelin
               the
               great
            
             ,
             prince
             of
             Northwales
             .
             But
             the
             ancient
             and
             learned
             
               Giraldus
               Cambrensis
            
             in
             the
             relation
             of
             the
             Genealogy
             of
             the
             said
             
               Llewelyn
               the
               great
            
             ,
             hath
             not
             only
             himself
             fallen
             into
             an
             error
             ,
             but
             hath
             drawn
             many
             learned
             and
             grave
             Antiquaries
             that
             followed
             his
             tract
             into
             the
             same
             snare
             ,
             for
             speaking
             of
             this
             Avandreg
             ,
             he
             saith
             she
             was
             the
             Son
             and
             not
             the
             Daughter
             of
             Mervyn
             ,
             (
             the
             which
             Mervyn
             against
             all
             Antiquity
             and
             truth
             he
             calleth
             
               prince
               of
               Northwales
            
             ,
             )
             and
             so
             ascendeth
             to
             
               Roderic
               the
               great
            
             by
             the
             feminine
             line
             ,
             making
             no
             mention
             at
             all
             of
             
               Idwal
               voel
            
             the
             son
             of
             
               Anarawd
               prince
               of
               Northwales
            
             indeed
             ,
             whom
             ancient
             writers
             term
             and
             stile
             by
             the
             name
             of
             
               Ludwallus
               rex
               omnium
               Wall●nsium
            
             ,
             who
             also
             ,
             as
             is
             said
             before
             ,
             upon
             this
             Avandreg
             the
             daughter
             (
             and
             not
             the
             son
             )
             of
             
               Mervyn
               king
               of
               Powis
            
             ,
             begat
             the
             forenamed
             Meurig
             ,
             the
             Ancestor
             of
             
               Leoline
               the
               great
            
             .
             But
             for
             your
             better
             satisfaction
             of
             the
             ground
             whence
             Giraldus
             did
             conceive
             this
             error
             ,
             behold
             these
             Rundlets
             following
             .
          
           
           
             
               
                 Rodric
                 the
                 great
                 .
                 
                   
                     Anarawd
                     K.
                     of
                     North.
                     wales
                     .
                     
                       
                         Idwal
                         Voel
                         K.
                         of
                         N.W.
                         
                      
                    
                  
                   
                     Mervin
                     K.
                     of
                     Powis
                     .
                  
                   
                     Avandrec
                     daughter
                     .
                     
                       
                         Meiric
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             Farther
             more
             ,
             
               Caradoc
               Lancarvanensis
            
             a
             Southwales
             man
             ,
             who
             lived
             about
             500
             yeares
             agoe
             ,
             saith
             ,
             that
             a
             son
             of
             Mervyn
             ,
             named
             Haeardur
             ,
             was
             drowned
             An
             :
             953.
             
             My
             last
             witnesse
             for
             
             Mervyn's
             issue
             will
             be
             
               George
               Owen
               Harry
            
             ,
             another
             Southwales
             man
             ,
             who
             saith
             ,
             that
             Angharad
             daughter
             and
             heir
             of
             Llewelin
             the
             son
             of
             
               Mervyn
               king
               of
               Powis
            
             was
             married
             to
             ▪
             
               Owen
               ap
               Howel
               dha
            
             (
             not
             to
             Mredyth
             the
             said
             Owen's
             son
             ,
             as
             you
             say
             ,
             )
             his
             testimony
             ,
             seeing
             he
             was
             an
             Antiquary
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             and
             a
             strong
             maintainer
             of
             Cadelh's
             Supremacy
             ,
             ought
             to
             move
             you
             to
             believe
             this
             point
             ,
             especially
             seeing
             that
             this
             marriage
             is
             the
             only
             title
             that
             the
             said
             Author
             ascribeth
             to
             the
             posterity
             of
             Cadelh
             over
             Powis
             ,
             which
             whether
             it
             were
             lawfull
             ,
             as
             he
             is
             of
             opinion
             ,
             or
             unlawfull
             ,
             as
             may
             be
             inferred
             out
             of
             the
             words
             of
             
               the
               English
               History
               of
               the
               princes
               of
               Cambria
               ,
            
             I
             leave
             others
             to
             judge
             :
             it
             shall
             suffice
             me
             to
             prove
             that
             the
             
               Prince
               of
               Northwales
            
             ,
             not
             of
             Southwales
             had
             the
             Soveraignty
             of
             Powis
             ,
             as
             doth
             appear
             ,
             when
             Owen
             surnamed
             the
             great
             ,
             prince
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             having
             in
             his
             company
             
               Cadwalader
               ap
               Gr
               :
               ap
               Conan
            
             his
             brother
             ,
             and
             the
             
               Lord
               Rees
               prince
            
             of
             Southwales
             entred
             Powis
             ,
             and
             chasing
             
               Owen
               Cyveiliog
            
             Prince
             thereof
             out
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             seized
             upon
             all
             his
             inheritance
             ,
             and
             gave
             Caerenion
             to
             
               Owen
               Vachan
            
             to
             hold
             of
             the
             
               prince
               of
               Northwales
            
             ;
             the
             rest
             he
             reserved
             to
             himselfe
             ,
             saving
             Dywalwern
             a
             little
             
             piece
             of
             Cyueiliog
             ,
             which
             he
             gave
             the
             
               Lord
               Rees
            
             ,
             because
             (
             according
             to
             the
             
               book
               of
               Conwey
            
             )
             the
             report
             went
             ,
             that
             it
             stood
             within
             the
             confines
             of
             the
             said
             Rees
             his
             dominions
             .
             Hereby
             it
             is
             manifest
             that
             the
             soveraignty
             of
             Powis
             did
             not
             belong
             to
             the
             
               prince
               of
               Southwales
            
             ;
             for
             if
             it
             had
             ,
             questionlesse
             the
             
               Lord
               Rees
            
             then
             present
             would
             have
             chalenged
             the
             same
             as
             his
             right
             by
             inheritance
             :
             and
             that
             it
             did
             of
             right
             appertain
             to
             the
             prince
             of
             Northwales
             may
             farther
             appear
             by
             an
             ancient
             Inquisition
             taken
             at
             Bala
             before
             
               Humphrey
               Duke
               of
               Gl●cester
               ,
               An
               :
               6.
               
               Hen.
            
             6.
             
             
               Totum
               dominium
               de
               Powis
               tenetur
               de
               domino
               Rege
               Angliae
               ,
               ut
               principe
               Walliae
               per
               servitium
               Baronum
               ,
               viz.
               de
               serto
               de
               Aberfro
               :
               &
               est
               in
               dominio
               de
               Powis
               qued
               dam
               alind
               s●rtum
               vocatum
               Mathraval
               ,
               quod
               simul
               cum
               omnibus
               terris
               &
               tenementis
               eidem
               certo
               de
               Mathraval
               junctis
               &
               annexatis
               tenet
               de
               domino
               rege
               ut
               principe
               Walliae
               per
               servitium
               praedictum
               in
               capite
               &
               de
               jure
               teneri
               debet
               ut
               de
               certo
               de
               Aberffro
               praedicto
               .
            
             An
             other
             Inquisition
             found
             likewise
             at
             Ba●a
             in
             the
             48th
             year
             of
             Ed.
             3.
             saith
             that
             ,
             
               Dominium
               de
               Powis
               iutegrè
               ten●batur
               de
               principibus
               Walliae
               in
               capite
               ,
               viz.
               de
               certo
               de
               Aberffraw
               .
               Et
               est
               in
               dominio
               de
               Powis
               quoddam
               alind
               certum
               vocatum
               Mathraval
               ,
               quod
               simul
               cum
               omnibus
               terris
               &
               tenementis
               eidem
               certo
               junctis
               &
               annexatis
               tenebatur
               ,
               &
               adhuc
               de
               jure
               teneri
               deb●ntur
               de
               certo
               de
               Aberffraw
               .
            
             And
             last
             of
             all
             ,
             I
             must
             put
             you
             in
             mind
             ,
             that
             
               Cadell
               king
            
             of
             Powis
             ,
             Father
             of
             Nest
             ,
             Grandmother
             to
             
               Roderic
               the
               great
            
             ,
             was
             the
             son
             of
             Elisseu
             ,
             and
             not
             of
             
               Brochwel
               Ysgithroc
            
             ;
             for
             Brochwel
             ,
             as
             you
             say
             ,
             was
             
               King
               of
               Powis
            
             An.
             617.
             and
             this
             Cadell
             whom
             you
             will
             have
             to
             be
             his
             Son
             ,
             died
             An
             :
             808.
             as
             Caradoc
             of
             Lancarvan
             affirmeth
             ;
             so
             then
             ,
             that
             one
             ,
             or
             yet
             both
             of
             them
             should
             raigne
             very
             neer
             200
             yeeres
             is
             almost
             impossible
             ,
             and
             altogether
             untrue
             :
             for
             according
             to
             the
             
               ancient
               histories
               of
               Wales
               ,
               Cadelh
            
             was
             the
             son
             of
             Elisseu
             ,
             the
             son
             of
             Cynllaw
             ,
             the
             son
             of
             Beli
             ,
             the
             son
             of
             Maelmynan
             ,
             the
             son
             of
             Selyf
             or
             Salomon
             ,
             the
             son
             of
             Cynan
             ,
             the
             son
             of
             
               Brochwel
               Ysgythroc
               :
               King
            
             of
             Powis
             ,
             and
             Earle
             of
             Chester
             .
             Thus
             you
             see
             your
             first
             Argument
             and
             reason
             for
             
             Cadell's
             seniority
             and
             soveraignty
             quite
             overthrown
             ,
             First
             ,
             by
             the
             testimony
             of
             Camden
             ,
             declaring
             that
             the
             latter
             
               princes
               of
               Powis
            
             (
             the
             issue
             of
             Cadell
             )
             were
             descended
             from
             the
             third
             son
             of
             
               Roderic
               the
               great
            
             ,
             which
             degree
             of
             birth
             the
             
               Authors
               above
               mentioned
            
             ascribe
             unto
             Cadell
             by
             name
             :
             Secondly
             by
             an
             undoubted
             proof
             of
             Meruyn's
             issue
             :
             and
             lastly
             ,
             by
             the
             soveraignty
             over
             Powis
             proved
             to
             be
             in
             the
             princes
             of
             Northwales
             ;
             all
             which
             
             infallibly
             conclude
             them
             to
             be
             descended
             from
             the
             eldest
             son
             of
             
               Roderic
               the
               great
            
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             second
             Argument
             :
          
           
             THat
             Southwales
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             portion
             of
             Cadelh
             ,
             was
             far
             larger
             then
             any
             of
             the
             two
             other
             ,
             almost
             double
             in
             quantity
             ,
             containing
             38.
             
             Cantreds
             ,
             and
             80.
             
             Commots
             ,
             whereas
             both
             Northwales
             and
             Powis
             contained
             but
             29.
             
             Cantreds
             and
             78.
             
             Commots
             :
             and
             yet
             the
             Cantred
             of
             Buelht
             ,
             and
             the
             
               forrest
               of
               Dean
            
             are
             admitted
             in
             that
             division
             to
             be
             in
             P●wis
             ,
             which
             were
             part
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             and
             assigned
             to
             
               Cadelh
               .
               Southwales
            
             also
             was
             the
             far
             better
             Soile
             generally
             ,
             and
             most
             replenished
             with
             Noble
             men
             and
             Gentry
             .
             Therefore
             it
             was
             the
             fittest
             portion
             to
             be
             assigned
             to
             the
             Eldest
             and
             Soveraigne
             ,
             and
             unfit
             for
             a
             younger
             brother
             upon
             evident
             ground
             of
             reason
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Answer
             to
             the
             second
             Argument
             .
          
           
             TO
             find
             out
             the
             true
             proportion
             of
             Cadelh's
             inheritance
             ,
             your
             Countryman
             
               Jo
               :
               Asser
               Menevensis
            
             ,
             that
             lived
             in
             Cadelh's
             time
             will
             with
             most
             approved
             Authority
             direct
             us
             :
             
               Illo
               enim
               tempore
               &
               multò
               ante
               omnes
               regiones
               dextralis
               Britanniae
               partis
               ,
               ad
               Elfred
               regem
               pertinebant
               ,
               &
               adhuc
               pertinent
               .
               Hemeid
               soilicet
               ,
               cum
               omnibus
               habitatoribus
               Demeticae
               regionis
               ,
               &
               sex
               filiorum
               R●tri
               vi
               compulsus
               regali
               se
               subdiderat
               imperio
               ,
               Hovil
               quoque
               filius
               Ris
               rex
               Glegnising
               &
               Brochmail
               atque
               Fernail
               filii
               Meuric
               ,
               reges
               Gwent
               vi
               &
               tyra●●ide
               Eadred
               comitis
               &
               Merciorum
               compulsi
               suapte
               eundem
               expetivere
               regem
               ,
               ut
               dominium
               &
               defensionem
               ab
               eo
               pro
               inimicis
               suis
               haberent
               .
               Helised
               queque
               filius
               Teudyr
               ,
               rex
               Brechoniae
               eorundem
               siliorum
               Rotri
               vi
               coactus
               ,
               dominium
               regis
               praefati
               suapte
               requisivit
               .
            
             Hereby
             it
             appeares
             that
             Dyved
             (
             now
             called
             
               Pembrokeshire
               .
               )
               Brechnock
               ,
               Gwent
            
             and
             Glewising
             ,
             had
             their
             severall
             Kings
             in
             Cadell's
             time
             ,
             so
             that
             of
             a
             certainty
             his
             portion
             cannot
             exceed
             the
             two
             counties
             of
             Cardigan
             and
             Carmardhen
             of
             old
             called
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Cardigan
             ,
             which
             countrey
             being
             then
             the
             possession
             and
             Kingdome
             of
             Cadell
             ,
             who
             was
             not
             yet
             in
             league
             with
             King
             
               Alfred
               ,
               Asserius
            
             mentioneth
             not
             .
             And
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             (
             the
             most
             powerfull
             prince
             ,
             as
             you
             say
             ,
             since
             
               Roderic
               the
            
             great
             's
             time
             )
             had
             no
             more
             in
             his
             possession
             then
             those
             two
             counties
             ,
             
             as
             Sr.
             
               Edward
               Stradling
            
             in
             the
             conquest
             of
             Glamorgan
             makes
             good
             ;
             all
             which
             containing
             scarce
             IX
             .
             Cantreds
             may
             seem
             far
             inferior
             in
             quantity
             to
             Northwales
             ,
             which
             in
             the
             daies
             of
             
               Howell
               Dda
            
             contained
             18.
             
             Cantreds
             ,
             as
             
               Morgeneû
               y
               nad
            
             and
             Kysnerth
             his
             son
             do
             averre
             in
             their
             
               book
               of
               Brittish
               lawes
            
             .
             Neither
             will
             it
             availe
             you
             though
             you
             proved
             that
             Cad●lh's
             soveraignty
             as
             chief
             prince
             of
             Southwales
             did
             extend
             to
             all
             the
             inferior
             princes
             within
             Southwales
             ;
             for
             so
             likewise
             did
             the
             soveraignty
             of
             ●narawd
             conclude
             Cadelh
             and
             all
             Wales
             in
             generall
             ,
             as
             owing
             homage
             to
             him
             the
             first
             of
             their
             line
             ,
             by
             the
             ordiuance
             of
             
               Roderic
               the
               great
            
             mentioned
             in
             the
             
               Description
               of
               Cambria
            
             ,
             by
             
               Sr.
               Jo
               :
               Price
            
             ,
             and
             confirmed
             also
             by
             the
             
               lawes
               of
               Howel
               Dda
            
             .
             Farther
             ,
             I
             stand
             not
             so
             much
             upon
             the
             Fertility
             of
             Northwales
             as
             upon
             the
             Situation
             and
             naturall
             strength
             thereof
             against
             all
             invasions
             ,
             being
             therefore
             most
             fit
             and
             requisite
             for
             a
             soveraign
             prince
             in
             a
             troubled
             time
             ,
             though
             well
             I
             might
             call
             the
             
               Inland
               country
               of
               Northwales
            
             wherein
             the
             vallie
             of
             Clwyd
             stretcheth
             it self
             18.
             miles
             in
             length
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             4.
             5.
             6.
             and
             7.
             in
             breadth
             ,
             to
             witnesse
             against
             you
             .
             
               Vallis
               haec
            
             (
             saith
             Mr.
             
               Camden
               )
               à
               salubritate
               ,
               fertilitate
               ,
               &
               amoenitate
               verè
               foelix
               ;
               incolarum
               color
               est
               sanus
               ,
               capitis
               firma
               sinceritas
               ,
               inoffensum
               oculorum
               lumen
               ,
               &
               annosa
               admodum
               senectus
               .
               Ipsa
               verò
               virentibus
               pratis
               ,
               flaventibus
               arvis
               ,
               creberrimis
               villis
               ,
               &
               templis
               spectantium
               oculis
               mirum
               in
               modum
               arridet
               ,
            
             And
             also
             the
             
               I
               le
               of
               Anglesea
            
             and
             the
             vast
             
               Snowdon
               hills
            
             (
             that
             send
             so
             many
             thousands
             of
             Cattell
             yearly
             to
             England
             ,
             and
             no
             small
             number
             to
             Westwales
             )
             lest
             affection
             might
             over-rule
             me
             Giraldus
             your
             countryman
             ,
             whose
             testimony
             you
             cannot
             except
             against
             ,
             shall
             speak
             for
             me
             :
             
               Est
               autem
               haec
               insula
               prae
               cunctis
               Cambriae
               finibus
               triticeo
               germine
               incomparabiliter
               foecunda
               ,
               adeò
               ut
               proverbialiter
               dici
               soleat
               linguâ
               Britannicâ
            
             Môn
             Mam
             Gymry
             ,
             
               quod
               latinè
               sonat
               ,
               Mona
               mater
               Cambriae
               ,
               quoniam
               aliis
               undique
               terris
               deficientibus
               ,
               haec
               sola
               gleba
               praepingui
               uberique
               frugum
               proventu
               Cambriam
               totam
               sustentare
               consuevit
               .
            
             And
             in
             another
             place
             ,
             
               Tantae●tiam
               &
               tam
               immensae
               quantitatis
               esse
               perhibentur
               montes
               Eryri
            
             (
             that
             is
             
               Snowdon
               hills
               )
               ut
               antiquo
               proverbio
               dici
               sol●at
               sicut
               Monam
               insulam
               h●minibus
               in
               annona
               ,
               sic
               Eryri
               in
               pascuis
               coactis
               in
               unum
               armentis
               omnibus
               totius
               Walliae
               sufficere
               posse
               .
            
             Then
             if
             you
             look
             to
             the
             situation
             thereof
             ,
             which
             you
             should
             have
             done
             ,
             together
             with
             these
             comparisons
             you
             shall
             find
             it
             to
             be
             farthest
             from
             the
             English
             ,
             a
             matter
             of
             great
             consequence
             in
             those
             
             daies
             ,
             and
             which
             is
             more
             ,
             it
             was
             and
             yet
             is
             the
             strongest
             countrey
             absolutely
             within
             the
             
               Is●
               of
               Britaine
            
             :
             contrarily
             ,
             Southwales
             is
             very
             weak
             in
             situation
             ,
             and
             therefore
             open
             for
             the
             invasion
             of
             all
             Strangers
             ;
             but
             more
             especially
             of
             the
             Saxons
             ,
             that
             bordered
             even
             on
             the
             neck
             thereof
             .
             And
             yet
             it
             had
             another
             inconvenience
             worse
             then
             all
             the
             rest
             ,
             by
             reason
             whereof
             it
             was
             reputed
             even
             in
             those
             dayes
             to
             be
             far
             worse
             then
             Northwales
             ,
             though
             it
             were
             greater
             in
             quantity
             ,
             and
             that
             is
             this
             :
             Southwallia
             (
             saith
             
               Giraldus
               )
               quanquam
               quantitate
               longè
               major
               ,
               propter
               nobiles
               tamen
               qui
               vchelwyr
               quasi
               superiores
               viri
               vocantur
               ,
               quibus
               abundabat
               ,
               qui
               &
               dominis
               rebelles
               esse
               solebant
               ,
               d
               minumque
               ferro
               detrectabant
               ,
               deterior
               esse
               videbatur
               .
            
             Is
             it
             likely
             then
             that
             
               Roderic
               the
               great
            
             would
             prefer
             his
             
               Eldest
               son
               and
               soveraigne
               prince
               of
               the
               Britaine
               's
            
             to
             a
             Kingdome
             that
             did
             not
             only
             want
             naturall
             fortification
             ,
             but
             had
             also
             the
             unhappinesse
             of
             having
             inhabitants
             ,
             whose
             condition
             and
             priviledges
             disposed
             them
             to
             Rebellion
             .
             But
             if
             our
             opinions
             in
             this
             case
             be
             conceived
             not
             authentick
             ,
             as
             proceeding
             from
             prejudice
             ,
             Mr.
             Camden
             an
             indifferent
             person
             may
             be
             thought
             fit
             to
             decide
             the
             controversie
             .
             And
             to
             say
             no
             more
             to
             this
             Argument
             ,
             let
             your
             own
             Countryman
             Giraldus
             his
             forementioned
             Incomparabiliter
             prevaile
             upon
             you
             to
             be
             of
             another
             judgment
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             third
             Argument
             .
          
           
             THat
             
               Howel
               Dha
            
             the
             eldest
             son
             of
             Cadelh
             ,
             and
             succeeding
             him
             prince
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             did
             command
             the
             
               Archbishop
               of
               St.
               Davids
            
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             
               Bishops
               of
               Wales
            
             ,
             and
             chiefest
             of
             the
             Clergy
             to
             the
             number
             of
             140.
             and
             all
             the
             Barons
             and
             
               Nobility
               of
               Wales
            
             ,
             and
             six
             of
             the
             most
             wise
             and
             best
             esteemed
             in
             every
             
               Commot
               of
               Wales
            
             for
             the
             Commonalty
             ,
             to
             assemble
             at
             his
             pallace
             called
             
               Y
               tu
               gwyn
               ar
               Tas
            
             in
             Dyved
             in
             Southwales
             ,
             where
             with
             great
             solemnity
             he
             did
             ordain
             the
             Lawes
             whereby
             Northwales
             and
             Powis
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             people
             throughout
             the
             whole
             dominion
             of
             Wales
             were
             governed
             and
             ordered
             ,
             untill
             after
             the
             conquering
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             ,
             that
             King
             
               Henry
               the
               first
            
             did
             plant
             the
             
               common
               law
            
             of
             England
             ,
             first
             in
             the
             counties
             of
             Glamorgan
             ,
             and
             Pembrock
             ,
             (
             which
             were
             conquered
             and
             made
             Counties
             from
             that
             time
             ,
             )
             and
             that
             the
             
               Lords
               Marchers
            
             as
             they
             won
             into
             Wales
             did
             settle
             a
             forme
             of
             Justice
             mixt
             of
             the
             
               common
               law
            
             and
             of
             the
             
               lawes
               of
               Howel
               Dha
            
             ,
             yet
             so
             distempered
             (
             as
             
             justly
             may
             be
             said
             )
             with
             regal
             jurisdiction
             permitted
             for
             the
             time
             by
             the
             
               King
               of
               England
            
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             end
             it
             became
             as
             intolerable
             to
             the
             Crown
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             people
             ,
             which
             
               lawes
               of
               Howel
               Dha
            
             were
             neverthelesse
             entirely
             executed
             within
             so
             much
             of
             the
             principality
             of
             Northwales
             as
             continued
             in
             the
             four
             ancient
             counties
             there
             ,
             viz.
             
               Anglesey
               ,
               Carnarvan
               ,
               Merioneth
            
             ,
             and
             Flint
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             counties
             of
             Carmarthen
             and
             Cardigan
             in
             Southwales
             ,
             untill
             the
             subduing
             of
             
               Llewelyn
               ap
               Griffith
            
             the
             last
             
               prince
               of
               Northwales
            
             ,
             that
             King
             
               Edward
               the
               first
            
             ordained
             the
             statute
             of
             Ruthlan
             for
             justice
             to
             be
             done
             in
             these
             six
             last
             recited
             counties
             (
             wherein
             all
             the
             principality
             of
             Wales
             then
             remained
             ,
             )
             howbeit
             many
             of
             the
             lawes
             of
             
               Howel
               Dha
            
             continued
             in
             force
             as
             well
             in
             those
             counties
             ,
             as
             in
             the
             
               Lordships
               march
               ▪
               rs
            
             untill
             the
             
               Statute
               of
               Wales
               in
               27.
               
               H.
            
             8.
             even
             as
             some
             few
             do
             continue
             to
             this
             day
             under
             the
             title
             of
             Customes
             .
             Upon
             all
             which
             it
             is
             also
             concluded
             ,
             that
             to
             give
             or
             ordain
             lawes
             ,
             and
             with
             these
             muniments
             of
             Authority
             ,
             proveth
             without
             question
             a
             Soveraignty
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Answer
             .
          
           
             
               HOwel
               Dha
            
             prince
             of
             Southwales
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             incapacity
             (
             as
             you
             say
             in
             your
             5th
             .
             Argument
             )
             of
             the
             Heir
             apparent
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             took
             upon
             him
             the
             rule
             and
             government
             of
             all
             Wales
             .
             Which
             being
             true
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             to
             be
             marvelled
             at
             ,
             if
             he
             commanded
             the
             clergy
             and
             nobility
             of
             all
             Wales
             to
             assemble
             before
             him
             ,
             that
             by
             their
             counsell
             and
             advice
             he
             might
             reforme
             the
             ancient
             lawes
             of
             the
             Brittaines
             :
             nor
             yet
             if
             the
             succeeding
             princes
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             finding
             those
             lawes
             good
             ,
             wholsome
             ,
             and
             confirmed
             by
             the
             Sea
             Apostolick
             ,
             and
             also
             such
             as
             did
             not
             abrogate
             but
             confirme
             their
             Soveraignty
             over
             all
             Wales
             ,
             embraced
             them
             ,
             and
             commanded
             their
             subjects
             to
             obey
             them
             duly
             ,
             considering
             that
             his
             said
             Authority
             was
             grounded
             upon
             his
             regency
             over
             Northwales
             ,
             and
             the
             Heir
             thereof
             ,
             as
             manifestly
             appeares
             when
             
               Howel
               Dha
            
             in
             his
             said
             lawes
             saith
             ,
             that
             
               verbum
               regis
               Aberfraw
               est
               verbum
               super
               omnes
               reges
               Walliae
               ,
               &
               nullius
               verbum
               est
               super
               ipsum
               .
            
             So
             that
             whereas
             you
             would
             derive
             a
             soveraignty
             to
             
               Howel
               Dha
            
             from
             his
             power
             in
             making
             lawes
             ,
             you
             should
             first
             have
             suppressed
             or
             burnt
             all
             the
             Copies
             of
             the
             lawes
             of
             
               How
               :
               Dha
            
             ,
             which
             give
             to
             the
             King
             of
             Northwales
             an
             absolute
             soveraignty
             over
             all
             Wales
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             fourth
             Argument
             .
          
           
             THat
             the
             Bishops
             of
             Northwales
             were
             created
             and
             consecrated
             in
             Southwales
             by
             the
             Archbishop
             of
             
               St.
               Davids
            
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             his
             Suffragans
             ,
             and
             subject
             to
             his
             Sea.
             And
             therefore
             Roderic
             in
             the
             division
             ,
             did
             aptly
             dispose
             the
             soveraign
             jurisdiction
             temporall
             in
             the
             territory
             where
             the
             soveraign
             jurisdiction
             spirituall
             was
             seated
             ,
             which
             otherwise
             had
             been
             absurd
             ,
             and
             would
             undoubtedly
             have
             bred
             great
             troubles
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Answer
             .
          
           
             IN
             regard
             the
             Soveraignty
             of
             the
             Eldest
             son
             of
             Roderic
             extended
             over
             all
             Wales
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             materiall
             in
             what
             part
             thereof
             the
             Ecclesiasticall
             supremacy
             be
             seated
             :
             for
             be
             it
             in
             the
             territory
             of
             the
             third
             or
             second
             brother
             ,
             it
             cannot
             prejudice
             the
             Eldest
             that
             is
             Soveraign
             over
             all
             .
             Your
             Argument
             ,
             did
             I
             hold
             it
             firme
             ,
             would
             perswade
             with
             me
             to
             make
             Edlstan
             the
             youngest
             son
             of
             Eghert
             to
             have
             a
             soveraignty
             over
             his
             eldest
             brother
             Ethelwolph
             ,
             as
             being
             King
             of
             Kent
             ,
             wherein
             is
             seated
             Canterbury
             ,
             the
             chiefest
             Sea
             for
             spirituall
             jurisdiction
             :
             or
             well
             might
             I
             gather
             that
             the
             king
             of
             Dyved
             ,
             in
             whose
             Kingdome
             
               St.
               Davids
            
             lay
             ,
             was
             superior
             to
             Cadelh
             and
             his
             successors
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             good
             neighbourhood
             with
             the
             Archbishop
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             fifth
             Argument
             .
          
           
             THat
             the
             prince
             of
             Southwales
             did
             seize
             the
             principality
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             and
             removed
             the
             princes
             thereof
             upon
             occasiou
             ,
             or
             offence
             committed
             ,
             as
             the
             said
             
               Howel
               Dha
            
             did
             seize
             the
             same
             ,
             partly
             by
             the
             incapacity
             of
             Meuric
             son
             of
             
               Edwal
               voel
            
             ,
             to
             govern
             and
             to
             stay
             the
             usurpation
             of
             others
             (
             upon
             that
             pretence
             )
             whereby
             to
             preserve
             the
             general
             peace
             of
             Wales
             :
             and
             partly
             by
             forseiture
             ,
             for
             spoile
             that
             had
             been
             done
             by
             the
             prince
             of
             Northwales
             upon
             his
             countries
             of
             Cardigan
             and
             Ystradgwy
             .
             This
             
               prince
               Howel
            
             ,
             as
             the
             writers
             of
             Northwales
             do
             record
             ,
             was
             of
             a
             goodly
             behaviour
             ,
             just
             and
             discreet
             in
             his
             government
             ,
             and
             beloved
             of
             men
             ;
             wherefore
             he
             obtained
             the
             attribute
             of
             Dha
             ,
             which
             is
             
             in
             English
             (
             the
             good
             ,
             )
             whereby
             it
             is
             to
             be
             concluded
             probably
             ,
             that
             his
             coming
             to
             the
             principality
             of
             Wales
             was
             upon
             just
             and
             lawfull
             grounds
             .
             Likewise
             
               Owen
               ap
               Howel
               Dha
            
             his
             son
             
               prince
               of
               Southwales
               ▪
            
             did
             seize
             Northwales
             out
             of
             the
             hands
             of
             
               Cadwalhon
               ap
               Jeuaf
            
             for
             usurpation
             and
             tyranny
             ,
             and
             made
             Mredith
             his
             third
             son
             Prince
             there
             ,
             which
             ,
             if
             it
             had
             been
             the
             soveraign
             seat
             ,
             he
             would
             not
             have
             permitted
             his
             younger
             son
             to
             enjoy
             it
             ,
             and
             to
             become
             thereby
             his
             superiour
             .
             And
             in
             this
             point
             the
             writers
             of
             Northwales
             do
             obscure
             the
             truth
             with
             some
             art
             by
             concealing
             this
             to
             be
             done
             by
             the
             power
             of
             the
             father
             (
             
               prince
               of
               Southwales
            
             ,
             )
             and
             attributing
             the
             same
             wholly
             to
             the
             power
             of
             a
             third
             son
             ,
             whereas
             it
             is
             evident
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             neither
             force
             nor
             authority
             to
             perform
             it
             ,
             but
             as
             his
             fathers
             minister
             and
             subject
             ,
             whom
             his
             father
             thought
             good
             to
             honour
             with
             the
             fruit
             of
             his
             valour
             and
             victory
             ,
             being
             atchieved
             
               propriâ
               manu
            
             not
             
               proprio
               marte
            
             ,
             more
             then
             the
             conquests
             of
             the
             famous
             prince
             Edward
             ,
             called
             the
             
               black
               prince
            
             ,
             whose
             everlasting
             honours
             they
             are
             ,
             but
             the
             possessory
             right
             of
             them
             was
             to
             his
             fathers
             crown
             .
             And
             it
             is
             to
             be
             observed
             ,
             that
             as
             the
             division
             of
             Wales
             by
             
               Roderic
               the
               great
            
             did
             give
             the
             ground
             of
             the
             subduing
             thereof
             to
             the
             crown
             of
             England
             ,
             so
             it
             bred
             these
             preparatives
             thereunto
             ;
             first
             the
             continuall
             usurpation
             of
             the
             Descendants
             of
             Anarawd
             upon
             his
             lawfull
             heirs
             ,
             Insomuch
             as
             for
             200
             yeares
             after
             the
             division
             ,
             five
             of
             that
             line
             did
             intermissively
             usurp
             the
             government
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             and
             only
             
               two
               lawfull
               princes
            
             ruled
             there
             ,
             and
             those
             not
             past
             12
             yeares
             ,
             if
             they
             be
             allowed
             to
             be
             the
             issue
             of
             Anarawd
             ,
             which
             some
             writers
             of
             Northwales
             do
             gainsay
             :
             in
             which
             licentious
             times
             one
             
               Aedan
               ap
               Blegored
            
             ,
             a
             meer
             private
             man
             ,
             neither
             of
             the
             bloud
             of
             the
             Prince
             ,
             nor
             of
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             that
             any
             antiquity
             doth
             record
             ,
             intruded
             into
             the
             government
             ,
             and
             held
             it
             12.
             yeares
             ,
             untill
             he
             was
             expelled
             by
             the
             
               prince
               of
               Southwales
            
             .
             Secondly
             it
             gave
             the
             Danes
             and
             English
             opportunity
             to
             invade
             and
             weaken
             all
             the
             parts
             of
             Wales
             ,
             (
             who
             were
             often
             called
             in
             by
             the
             usurpers
             of
             Northwales
             to
             joyn
             with
             them
             against
             the
             
               prince
               of
               Southwales
            
             .
             )
             By
             those
             occasions
             the
             
               princes
               of
               Southwales
            
             as
             supreme
             
               lords
               of
               Wales
            
             ,
             &
             for
             the
             generall
             quiet
             &
             preservation
             thereof
             ,
             did
             seize
             &
             assume
             into
             their
             hands
             the
             government
             of
             Northasales
             ,
             wherein
             six
             of
             them
             ruled
             the
             said
             200.
             yeares
             ,
             which
             had
             not
             they
             done
             ,
             the
             government
             in
             all
             likelihood
             had
             been
             in
             that
             time
             translated
             from
             the
             race
             of
             
             
               Roderic
               the
               great
            
             .
             But
             in
             the
             end
             of
             those
             200
             yeares
             ,
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             prince
             of
             Southwales
             with
             great
             valour
             and
             wisdome
             did
             overcome
             all
             these
             long
             grown
             evills
             ,
             and
             being
             the
             
               most
               powerfull
            
             prince
             that
             was
             since
             
               Roderic
               the
               great
            
             ,
             and
             
               lineal
               heir
               to
               Cadelh
            
             ,
             expelled
             
               Trahern
               ap
               Caradoc
            
             the
             last
             usurper
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             and
             placed
             
               Griffith
               ap
               Conan
            
             (
             who
             was
             held
             to
             be
             the
             lawfull
             prince
             of
             the
             house
             of
             Anarawd
             )
             in
             the
             quiet
             and
             settled
             possession
             thereof
             :
             which
             honourable
             dealing
             was
             very
             ill
             requited
             by
             
               Griffith
               ap
               Conan
            
             towards
             the
             son
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             in
             his
             distresse
             ,
             as
             shall
             be
             after
             declared
             .
             By
             all
             which
             may
             appear
             the
             generall
             care
             of
             the
             
               princes
               of
               Southwales
            
             over
             the
             whole
             dominion
             of
             Wales
             derived
             from
             their
             supreme
             power
             ,
             authority
             ,
             and
             jurisdiction
             .
             For
             confirmation
             hereof
             ,
             it
             is
             further
             to
             be
             observed
             ,
             that
             sithence
             the
             said
             division
             ,
             no
             
               prince
               of
               Northwales
            
             did
             ever
             rule
             in
             Southwales
             ,
             or
             by
             any
             occasion
             did
             make
             claime
             to
             the
             principality
             thereof
             :
             and
             therefore
             upon
             this
             disposing
             of
             the
             principality
             of
             Northwales
             by
             the
             
               princes
               of
               Southwales
            
             ,
             it
             is
             further
             concluded
             ,
             that
             the
             
               princes
               of
               Southwales
            
             were
             the
             soveraign
             princes
             of
             Wales
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Answer
             .
          
           
             IT
             is
             recorded
             by
             Caradocus
             ,
             that
             Anarawd
             King
             of
             Northwales
             made
             a
             road
             into
             the
             country
             of
             Cardigan
             &
             Ystradtywi
             ,
             the
             possession
             of
             his
             brother
             Cadelh
             ,
             but
             being
             that
             the
             Author
             alleageth
             not
             the
             cause
             thereof
             ,
             as
             whether
             it
             were
             lawfull
             or
             unlawfull
             ,
             it
             might
             with
             better
             reason
             be
             said
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             made
             for
             the
             defect
             of
             Payment
             of
             the
             Tribute
             due
             to
             the
             
               crown
               of
               Abersraw
            
             from
             Southwales
             ,
             then
             such
             a
             Rebellion
             ,
             as
             thereby
             forfeiture
             of
             Royalty
             should
             ensue
             :
             and
             considering
             also
             that
             no
             chastisement
             was
             executed
             by
             Cadelh
             or
             
               Howel
               Dha
            
             his
             son
             upō
             Anarawd
             ,
             who
             lived
             long
             after
             ,
             it
             may
             seem
             great
             rigor
             and
             tyranny
             in
             him
             ,
             and
             much
             to
             derogate
             from
             his
             title
             of
             Dha
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             
               the
               good
            
             ,
             if
             he
             did
             deprive
             Idwal's
             son
             of
             his
             inheritance
             ,
             for
             the
             offence
             of
             Anarawd
             his
             grandfather
             ,
             committed
             many
             yeares
             before
             his
             birth
             ,
             not
             upon
             the
             countries
             of
             Howel
             ,
             as
             you
             say
             ,
             but
             of
             Cadelh
             his
             father
             .
             Therefore
             if
             you
             hold
             his
             coming
             to
             Northwales
             to
             be
             upon
             good
             and
             lawfull
             grounds
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             your
             best
             course
             (
             rejecting
             offences
             and
             forfeitures
             )
             wholly
             to
             stick
             to
             the
             incapacity
             of
             the
             
               heir
               of
               Northwales
            
             ,
             by
             reason
             
             whereof
             
             Howel's
             coming
             to
             Northwales
             ,
             whether
             it
             were
             as
             being
             next
             of
             blood
             ,
             able
             ,
             and
             worthy
             to
             undertake
             such
             a
             charge
             ,
             or
             by
             the
             appointment
             of
             his
             cousen
             Idwal
             ,
             foreseeing
             perhaps
             the
             weaknesse
             of
             his
             son
             ,
             or
             else
             by
             the
             election
             of
             the
             people
             ,
             was
             good
             ,
             just
             ,
             and
             lawfull
             .
             And
             in
             regard
             of
             his
             said
             regency
             over
             the
             house
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             and
             the
             right
             thereunto
             belonging
             ,
             I
             do
             confesse
             that
             he
             was
             the
             soveraign
             prince
             of
             all
             Wales
             .
             But
             considering
             ,
             that
             after
             his
             death
             the
             other
             sons
             of
             
               Idwal
               Voel
            
             ,
             and
             their
             successors
             the
             
               princes
               of
               Northwales
            
             recovered
             and
             held
             (
             as
             I
             said
             before
             )
             as
             well
             the
             soveraignty
             of
             
               all
               Wales
            
             ,
             as
             the
             rule
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             it
             plainly
             appears
             that
             the
             right
             of
             soveraignty
             belonged
             not
             to
             Southwales
             .
             Moreover
             Owen
             the
             son
             of
             
               Howel
               Dha
            
             was
             never
             ruler
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             nor
             had
             any
             action
             against
             
               Cadwalhon
               ap
               Jeuaf
            
             ,
             whereby
             to
             deprive
             him
             of
             his
             Crown
             and
             Kingdome
             ,
             as
             you
             say
             ;
             neither
             is
             it
             likely
             ,
             if
             he
             had
             so
             conquered
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             preferre
             his
             yonngest
             son
             to
             the
             Government
             of
             that
             Kingdome
             ,
             lest
             by
             exalting
             the
             younger
             brother
             to
             honours
             and
             dignities
             above
             the
             elder
             ,
             discord
             and
             sedition
             might
             breed
             between
             them
             :
             and
             in
             a
             word
             ,
             your
             own
             countryman
             Caradocus
             ,
             that
             lived
             about
             250
             years
             after
             this
             time
             ,
             attributeth
             the
             overthrow
             of
             
               Cadwalhon
               ap
               Jevaf
            
             and
             conquest
             of
             Northwales
             to
             the
             only
             power
             of
             
               Mredith
               ap
               Owen
            
             (
             who
             then
             in
             his
             Mothers
             right
             did
             rule
             all
             Powis
             land
             ,
             whereby
             his
             power
             to
             undertake
             that
             voyage
             may
             plainly
             appear
             )
             in
             these
             words
             .
             
               Mredyth
               ap
               Owein
               a
               lathawdh
               Cadwallawn
               ap
               Jevaf
               drwy
               fuddugoliaeth
               a
               chaffael
               meddiant
               oi
               gyuoeth
               ,
               sef
               gwyneth
               a
               Mon
               a
               ddarystngawdh
               iddaw
               :
            
             that
             is
             ,
             
               Mredith
               ap
               Owen
            
             slew
             
               Cad
               :
               ap
               Jeuaf
            
             in
             battell
             ,
             and
             seised
             on
             his
             dominions
             ,
             for
             Northwales
             and
             the
             isle
             of
             Anglesey
             submitted
             to
             him
             .
             Here
             is
             no
             mention
             had
             of
             Owen
             or
             his
             power
             ,
             and
             therefore
             our
             writers
             of
             Northwales
             being
             only
             Interpreters
             of
             your
             Caradocus
             ,
             are
             free
             from
             that
             scandalous
             imputation
             that
             you
             charge
             them
             with
             .
             And
             
               Lhewelyn
               ap
               Seissyllt
            
             prince
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             who
             overcame
             
               Aedan
               ap
               Blegowryd
            
             did
             not
             challenge
             the
             regency
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             (
             for
             Jago
             the
             son
             of
             Idwal
             the
             lawfull
             heir
             ,
             as
             is
             thought
             ,
             was
             not
             as
             yet
             in
             full
             age
             )
             as
             appertaining
             any
             way
             to
             the
             crown
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             as
             you
             could
             wish
             it
             ,
             but
             as
             he
             was
             next
             heir
             of
             blood
             unto
             the
             said
             Jago
             ;
             for
             as
             Caradocus
             saith
             ,
             he
             was
             descended
             from
             the
             
               kings
               of
               Wales
            
             by
             the
             mother
             side
             ,
             whose
             name
             was
             Trawst
             ,
             the
             daughter
             and
             heir
             of
             Elissau
             ,
             the
             second
             son
             of
             Anarawd
             
             the
             eldest
             son
             of
             
               Roderic
               the
               great
            
             ,
             and
             by
             that
             meanes
             according
             to
             the
             same
             Author
             he
             claimed
             and
             enjoyed
             the
             right
             of
             Northwales
             ;
             therefore
             his
             coming
             to
             the
             rule
             of
             that
             Kindome
             doth
             not
             at
             all
             favour
             or
             confirme
             your
             Argument
             .
             And
             here
             I
             do
             greatly
             marvel
             who
             those
             six
             Kings
             of
             Southwales
             were
             ,
             that
             (
             as
             you
             say
             )
             assumed
             to
             their
             hands
             the
             government
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             for
             
               Mredyth
               ap
               Owen
            
             was
             neither
             king
             nor
             heir
             apparent
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             when
             he
             conquered
             Northwales
             :
             and
             
               Howel
               ap
               Edwyn
            
             was
             King
             of
             Southwales
             when
             
               Griffith
               ap
               Lhewelyn
            
             undertook
             the
             rule
             of
             Northwales
             ;
             and
             in
             like
             manner
             
               Mredyth
               ap
               Owen
               ap
               Edwym
            
             governed
             Southwales
             ,
             when
             
               Biedhyn
               ap
               Cynfyn
            
             received
             the
             principality
             of
             Northwales
             at
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             king
             of
             England
             ,
             doing
             homage
             for
             the
             same
             ,
             whereby
             it
             is
             evident
             that
             these
             three
             princes
             were
             not
             of
             the
             six
             that
             you
             mention
             ,
             and
             
               Howel
               Dha
            
             with
             
               Lhewelyn
               ap
               Seissyllt
            
             though
             they
             were
             most
             worthy
             and
             noble
             princes
             ,
             yet
             cannot
             exceed
             the
             number
             of
             two
             ,
             therefore
             the
             number
             of
             six
             must
             needs
             be
             a
             mistake
             .
             It
             is
             also
             to
             be
             observed
             that
             these
             princes
             
               Mredyth
               ,
               Griff
               :
               Bledhyn
            
             ,
             and
             
               Trahayarn
               ap
               Caradoc
            
             ,
             after
             they
             had
             settled
             themselves
             in
             the
             sure
             and
             quiet
             possession
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             seised
             to
             their
             hands
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             and
             held
             the
             same
             either
             by
             strong
             hand
             and
             usurpation
             ,
             or
             by
             state
             of
             inheritance
             ,
             or
             else
             in
             the
             right
             of
             Soveraignty
             over
             all
             Wales
             that
             belonged
             to
             the
             crown
             of
             N●rthwales
             .
             Usurpers
             they
             were
             not
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             true
             ,
             that
             as
             you
             say
             (
             in
             the
             end
             of
             your
             Treatise
             )
             Southwales
             did
             never
             faile
             of
             a
             lawfull
             Prince
             to
             govern
             it
             ,
             till
             the
             period
             thereof
             by
             the
             fatall
             overthrow
             of
             prince
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             :
             lawfull
             heires
             also
             to
             Cadelh
             they
             cannot
             be
             ,
             for
             the
             posterity
             of
             En●on
             the
             son
             of
             Owen
             king
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             and
             eldest
             brother
             to
             the
             said
             Mredyth
             were
             living
             ,
             and
             therefore
             they
             could
             not
             challenge
             Southwales
             by
             inheritance
             ;
             it
             remaines
             then
             of
             necessity
             that
             their
             title
             to
             Southwales
             was
             grounded
             on
             the
             soveraignty
             that
             belonged
             to
             the
             king
             of
             Northwales
             whereof
             they
             were
             princes
             .
             But
             howsoever
             the
             matter
             went
             ,
             it
             is
             certaine
             that
             they
             were
             kings
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             and
             being
             so
             ,
             they
             took
             into
             their
             hands
             the
             regiment
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             whereby
             I
             do
             conclude
             it
             was
             a
             grosse
             error
             in
             you
             ,
             when
             you
             say
             ,
             that
             no
             prince
             of
             Northwales
             did
             ever
             rule
             in
             Southwales
             ,
             or
             by
             any
             occasion
             did
             claime
             the
             principality
             thereof
             :
             seeing
             the
             examples
             of
             four
             princes
             must
             cause
             you
             to
             confesse
             either
             ,
             your
             ignorance
             or
             partiall
             censure
             .
             Lastly
             ,
             you
             say
             that
             
               Rees
               ▪
               ap
               
               Theodor
            
             prince
             of
             Southwales
             with
             great
             valor
             and
             wisdome
             did
             expell
             
               Trahern
               ap
               Caradoc
            
             the
             last
             usurper
             of
             Nerthwales
             ,
             and
             placed
             
               Griff
               :
               ap
               Conan
            
             in
             the
             quiet
             possession
             thereof
             :
             but
             antiquity
             &
             the
             truth
             will
             informe
             us
             otherwise
             ;
             for
             in
             the
             
               life
               of
               Griff.
               ap
               Conan
            
             we
             may
             read
             ,
             that
             when
             the
             said
             Griffith
             with
             his
             navy
             landed
             at
             Portcleis
             neer
             St.
             Davids
             ,
             your
             powerfull
             prince
             Rees
             had
             been
             a
             little
             before
             deprived
             of
             his
             Kingdome
             by
             Trahayarn
             king
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             and
             others
             ,
             and
             for
             safegard
             of
             his
             life
             had
             covertly
             taken
             Sanctuary
             at
             St.
             Davids
             :
             but
             hearing
             of
             
             Griffith's
             approach
             ,
             he
             came
             with
             the
             Bishop
             and
             all
             the
             clergy
             of
             that
             house
             to
             meet
             him
             ,
             where
             Rees
             fell
             upon
             his
             knees
             before
             Griffith
             ,
             and
             acquainting
             him
             with
             his
             ill
             fortunes
             ,
             desired
             his
             help
             and
             aid
             to
             fight
             with
             those
             his
             adversaries
             ,
             promising
             to
             do
             him
             homage
             ,
             and
             to
             reward
             him
             with
             the
             moity
             of
             his
             Revenues
             :
             and
             Griff
             :
             pittying
             his
             estate
             yeelded
             to
             his
             request
             ,
             and
             having
             overthrown
             in
             battell
             his
             enemies
             ,
             he
             installed
             Rees
             in
             the
             quiet
             possession
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             entred
             and
             destroyed
             Powis
             with
             fire
             and
             sword
             ,
             and
             recovered
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Northwales
             his
             due
             inheritance
             :
             here
             withall
             I
             find
             an
             entry
             made
             to
             Powys
             by
             a
             prince
             of
             Northwales
             before
             the
             fatall
             overthrow
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               The●dor
            
             ,
             which
             you
             deny
             in
             your
             first
             Argument
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             sixth
             Argument
             .
          
           
             THat
             the
             kings
             of
             England
             did
             ground
             their
             title
             to
             the
             principality
             and
             soveraignty
             of
             Wales
             upon
             the
             conquering
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             prince
             of
             Wales
             in
             the
             raign
             of
             Rufus
             ,
             and
             not
             upon
             the
             subduing
             of
             
               Lhewelyn
               ap
               Griffiu
            
             in
             the
             raign
             of
             
               Edward
               the
               first
            
             ,
             as
             the
             writers
             of
             Northwales
             do
             alledge
             :
             for
             from
             the
             conquering
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             all
             the
             withstanding
             of
             the
             power
             of
             the
             kings
             of
             England
             in
             Wales
             was
             termed
             by
             them
             Rebellion
             and
             Treason
             ,
             which
             before
             alwaies
             had
             the
             name
             of
             War.
             And
             thenceforth
             the
             Kings
             of
             England
             did
             give
             Seigniories
             and
             possessions
             in
             Wales
             to
             their
             English
             subjects
             ,
             and
             so
             the
             
               Lords
               Marchers
            
             began
             :
             and
             thenceforth
             were
             the
             strong
             Castles
             ,
             and
             Forts
             erected
             ,
             and
             Garrisons
             planted
             in
             all
             parts
             of
             Wales
             ,
             wherein
             either
             the
             Kings
             of
             England
             ,
             or
             the
             
               Lords
               Marchers
            
             did
             set
             footing
             ,
             which
             grounded
             in
             the
             Kings
             of
             England
             a
             resolution
             to
             prosecute
             and
             accomplish
             the
             absolute
             conquest
             of
             Wales
             .
             And
             thereby
             the
             bishoprick
             of
             St.
             Davids
             ,
             
             and
             by
             that
             sea
             all
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Bishopricks
             of
             Wales
             were
             brought
             under
             the
             jurisdiction
             of
             Canterbury
             .
             And
             thereupon
             
               Griff.
               ap
               Conan
            
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             princes
             of
             Northwales
             succeeding
             ,
             yeilded
             to
             the
             kings
             of
             England
             submission
             for
             that
             principality
             ,
             and
             to
             hold
             the
             same
             of
             the
             crown
             of
             England
             ,
             and
             gave
             them
             pledges
             to
             abide
             in
             their
             peace
             .
             And
             the
             kings
             of
             England
             were
             stayed
             from
             the
             absolute
             conquest
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             chiefly
             by
             their
             unsettled
             state
             in
             England
             ,
             being
             full
             of
             troubles
             ,
             especially
             by
             the
             French
             and
             Barons
             wars
             ,
             which
             were
             no
             sooner
             ended
             ,
             but
             that
             King
             Henry
             the
             third
             ,
             and
             his
             son
             Edward
             .
             1.
             took
             Northwales
             from
             Lhewelyn
             the
             last
             ,
             yet
             adding
             thereby
             no
             more
             to
             his
             former
             possession
             of
             the
             principality
             of
             Wales
             (
             as
             the
             
               statute
               of
               Ruthlan
            
             doth
             shew
             )
             but
             terram
             de
             Snowdon
             ,
             and
             accounting
             Lhewelyn
             not
             an
             Enemie
             ,
             but
             a
             Rebell
             ,
             as
             appeared
             by
             fixing
             his
             head
             on
             the
             highest
             turret
             of
             the
             Tower
             of
             London
             ,
             and
             executing
             his
             brother
             David
             for
             Treason
             ,
             whereas
             the
             English
             did
             deliver
             the
             slain
             body
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             to
             a
             decent
             and
             honourable
             buriall
             in
             the
             Abbey
             of
             Ystradflwr
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Answer
             .
          
           
             ALthough
             the
             Kings
             of
             England
             after
             the
             overthrow
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             did
             terme
             the
             withstanding
             of
             their
             power
             in
             Wales
             rebellion
             and
             Treason
             ,
             it
             cannot
             be
             conceived
             that
             should
             be
             a
             sufficient
             ground
             for
             their
             title
             to
             the
             principality
             of
             Wales
             :
             for
             what
             are
             those
             termes
             ,
             but
             the
             hard
             censure
             of
             their
             utter
             and
             alwaies
             professed
             enemies
             in
             their
             greatest
             anger
             and
             indignation
             ,
             peradventure
             after
             some
             shamefull
             overthrow
             and
             losse
             received
             ,
             and
             therefore
             not
             much
             to
             be
             regarded
             .
             But
             it
             cannot
             be
             granted
             they
             gave
             such
             names
             to
             those
             wars
             ;
             for
             the
             wars
             between
             King
             John
             (
             with
             his
             Successors
             the
             
               Kings
               of
               England
            
             )
             and
             
               Lhewelyn
               the
               great
               ,
               David
            
             his
             son
             ,
             
               Owen
               Goch
            
             and
             
               Lhewelyn
               ap
               Griffith
            
             ,
             Princes
             of
             Wales
             ,
             are
             alwaies
             termed
             Guerrae
             ,
             as
             it
             appears
             in
             the
             submissions
             of
             
               David
               ap
               Lhewelyn
               ,
               An
               :
               1240.
               
               &
            
             1241.
             of
             
               Owen
               Goch
            
             and
             
               Lhewelyn
               ,
               An
            
             :
             the
             adward
             of
             Ottobonus
             the
             
             Pope's
             Legate
             ,
             An
             :
             1268.
             and
             the
             agreement
             between
             Edward
             the
             first
             ,
             and
             the
             said
             Lhewelyn
             prince
             of
             
               Wales
               ,
               An
            
             :
             1277.
             do
             likewise
             call
             those
             wars
             Guerrae
             ,
             which
             doth
             not
             in
             any
             Author
             signifie
             Rebellion
             ,
             as
             must
             needs
             be
             acknowledged
             .
             Now
             that
             the
             kings
             of
             England
             thenceforth
             
             did
             give
             Seigniories
             and
             possessions
             in
             Wales
             to
             their
             Subjects
             ,
             who
             did
             erect
             strong
             Forts
             ,
             and
             Castles
             therein
             ,
             it
             is
             confessed
             ,
             as
             touching
             some
             part
             of
             the
             inheritance
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             ;
             and
             it
             is
             also
             true
             ,
             that
             before
             and
             after
             the
             death
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             ,
             the
             Kings
             of
             England
             did
             vex
             and
             molest
             
               Griff
               :
               ap
               Conan
            
             (
             as
             the
             Author
             of
             his
             Life
             averreth
             )
             and
             his
             successors
             the
             princes
             of
             Wales
             ,
             sometimes
             by
             craft
             and
             deceit
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             with
             unjust
             wars
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             to
             purchase
             their
             peace
             and
             quietnesse
             ,
             and
             not
             otherwise
             ,
             the
             princes
             were
             often
             content
             to
             yield
             up
             unto
             the
             Kings
             of
             England
             four
             Cantreds
             .
             This
             with
             other
             hard
             dealings
             hath
             been
             noted
             by
             diverse
             writers
             ,
             and
             Henry
             the
             second
             did
             not
             stick
             to
             confesse
             the
             same
             ,
             when
             he
             said
             ,
             as
             Giraldus
             affirmeth
             ,
             
               Per
               vires
               nostras
               magnas
               injuriam
               &
               violentiam
               irrogemus
               Cambris
               ,
            
             to
             which
             force
             and
             violence
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             any
             new
             soveraignty
             gotten
             by
             the
             overthrow
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             must
             be
             attributed
             what
             submission
             or
             acknowledgment
             of
             soveraignty
             ,
             that
             
               Griff.
               ap
               Conan
            
             and
             his
             successors
             the
             princes
             of
             Wales
             ,
             did
             to
             the
             
               kings
               of
               England
            
             ,
             if
             any
             was
             demanded
             or
             performed
             over
             and
             above
             the
             wonted
             and
             usuall
             .
             It
             is
             also
             manifest
             ,
             that
             the
             
               Archbishop
               of
               Canterbury
            
             did
             obtein
             a
             supremacy
             over
             the
             
               Bishops
               of
               Wales
            
             shortly
             after
             the
             overthrow
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             ,
             yet
             not
             by
             reason
             of
             this
             said
             overthrow
             ,
             but
             of
             the
             suggestion
             of
             false
             witnesses
             before
             Pope
             Eugenius
             in
             the
             
               Remensian
               Councell
            
             ,
             whose
             
               Apostolicall
               decrees
            
             all
             the
             churches
             in
             Europe
             obey'd
             in
             those
             dayes
             .
             Moreover
             you
             urge
             out
             of
             the
             statute
             of
             Ruthlan
             that
             
               king
               Edward
            
             1.
             added
             no
             more
             to
             his
             former
             possessions
             of
             the
             principality
             of
             Wales
             by
             the
             conquest
             of
             Leoline
             ,
             but
             only
             
               Terram
               de
               Snowdon
            
             ,
             whereas
             it
             doth
             not
             so
             appear
             in
             any
             copy
             of
             the
             said
             statute
             that
             ever
             I
             could
             find
             ,
             and
             yet
             I
             have
             seen
             diverse
             in
             Wales
             anciently
             written
             on
             parchment
             ,
             both
             in
             the
             Latine
             and
             British
             tongues
             .
             As
             concerning
             the
             dishonour
             done
             to
             the
             prince
             after
             his
             death
             ,
             by
             fixing
             his
             head
             on
             the
             highest
             turret
             of
             the
             Tower
             of
             Lond●n
             ,
             Examples
             of
             this
             kind
             of
             dealing
             with
             Princes
             we
             have
             frequent
             in
             histories
             :
             Tigranes
             King
             of
             the
             Armenians
             ,
             who
             lived
             under
             
               Tiberius
               Caesar
            
             ,
             could
             not
             with
             all
             his
             kingly
             titles
             ,
             as
             Tacitus
             sayth
             ,
             escape
             the
             common
             death
             of
             a
             Romane
             .
             Tacitus
             speaks
             also
             in
             the
             2d
             .
             book
             of
             his
             Annals
             ,
             of
             Artavasdes
             King
             of
             Armenia
             ,
             whom
             Antonius
             having
             by
             treachery
             got
             into
             his
             power
             ,
             loaded
             with
             chaines
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             put
             to
             death
             .
             Cyrus
             that
             great
             monarcò
             of
             the
             Persians
             
             who
             being
             overthrown
             and
             slain
             by
             Tomyris
             queen
             of
             the
             Scythians
             ,
             had
             his
             head
             cut
             off
             ,
             and
             in
             great
             contempt
             and
             de●ision
             flung
             into
             a
             vessell
             full
             of
             of
             man's
             blood
             .
             
               Ptolomy
               Ceraunus
            
             King
             of
             Macedon
             was
             in
             battell
             vanquished
             and
             slaine
             by
             Belius
             (
             a
             Brittain
             as
             some
             are
             of
             opinion
             )
             who
             caused
             his
             head
             to
             be
             cut
             off
             ,
             and
             carried
             before
             him
             on
             the
             point
             of
             a
             spear
             round
             about
             the
             field
             in
             token
             of
             victory
             and
             triumph
             .
             There
             be
             many
             the
             like
             examples
             in
             histories
             of
             Kings
             and
             Emperors
             ,
             whose
             bodies
             have
             been
             coursely
             handled
             by
             their
             enemies
             ,
             who
             
               de
               facto
            
             use
             them
             so
             ,
             as
             being
             in
             their
             power
             ,
             though
             
               de
               jure
            
             they
             ought
             not
             to
             deale
             so
             with
             lawfull
             princes
             .
             And
             here
             I
             may
             not
             passe
             over
             how
             that
             the
             Abby
             of
             Ystratflur
             ,
             wh●re
             you
             say
             that
             the
             body
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             was
             decently
             buried
             ,
             was
             not
             founded
             before
             the
             dayes
             of
             the
             
               Lo
               :
               Rees
               ap
               Griff.
               ap
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             Prince
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             as
             appeares
             by
             his
             Charter
             made
             presently
             after
             the
             foundation
             .
             
               Ego
               Rhesus
               Southwalliae
               proprietarius
               princeps
               venerabile
               M●nasterium
               vocabulo
               Stradflur
               aedificare
               coepi
               ,
               &
               aedificatum
               dilexi
               &
               feci
               ,
               res
               ejus
               auxi
               ,
               &
               possessiones
               in
               quantum
               suffragante
               Deo
               volui
               ,
               amplam
               &
               omnem
               donationem
               quam
               eidem
               monasterio
               antea
               contuli
               ,
               Anno
               iterum
               ab
               Incarnatione
               Domini
               ,
               1184.
               scilicet
               praesentis
               scripti
               memoriâ
               stabilivi
               ,
               tres
               etiam
               sel●i
               scilicet
               Gruff
               .
               Rhesus
               ,
               &
               Mredith
               candem
               donationem
               eodem
               tempore
               &
               loco
               in
               manu
               Abbatis
               de
               Straflur
               obtulerunt
               .
            
             And
             in
             the
             year
             of
             our
             Lord
             1164.
             (
             just
             20.
             yeares
             before
             the
             date
             of
             the
             former
             charter
             ,
             )
             as
             witnesseth
             the
             book
             of
             Conwey
             ,
             it
             was
             first
             
               covented
               :
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             was
             slain
             Anno
             1091.
             whereby
             it
             appeares
             that
             your
             Abby
             was
             not
             founded
             73
             yeares
             after
             his
             death
             .
             It
             remaines
             now
             that
             I
             speak
             somewhat
             of
             the
             true
             and
             undoubted
             conquest
             of
             Wales
             atchieved
             by
             Ed.
             1.
             as
             it
             appeares
             by
             the
             power
             that
             he
             assumed
             over
             all
             the
             inhabitants
             of
             Wales
             ,
             after
             the
             fatall
             overthrow
             of
             Leoline
             the
             
               last
               prince
            
             of
             the
             British
             bloud
             ;
             for
             of
             all
             the
             Kings
             of
             England
             he
             was
             the
             first
             that
             altered
             the
             forme
             of
             Government
             in
             Wales
             ,
             he
             was
             the
             first
             that
             made
             the
             statute
             of
             Ruthlan
             as
             a
             Law
             to
             govern
             the
             people
             of
             that
             countrey
             by
             ;
             he
             also
             created
             Edw
             :
             of
             Carnarvan
             his
             eldest
             son
             
               prince
               of
               Wales
            
             ,
             who
             according
             to
             
               Mr.
               Camden
            
             ,
             and
             diverse
             more
             ancient
             writers
             ,
             
               erat
               primus
               ex
               Anglico
               sanguine
               Walliae
               princeps
               .
            
             Hereby
             it
             appears
             that
             
               W.
               Rufus
            
             was
             not
             the
             conqueror
             of
             Wales
             ,
             nor
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             the
             soveraigne
             prince
             of
             Wales
             ;
             for
             if
             Rees
             had
             been
             the
             superior
             Prince
             ,
             King
             
               W.
               Rufus
            
             ,
             
             having
             learned
             of
             his
             Father
             the
             lesson
             of
             a
             Conqueror
             ,
             would
             in
             no
             case
             have
             omitted
             to
             accomplish
             those
             rites
             of
             a
             Conqueror
             .
             Neither
             did
             the
             kings
             of
             England
             challenge
             the
             principality
             of
             Wales
             by
             the
             conquest
             of
             
               W.
               Rufus
            
             ,
             but
             by
             the
             atchievement
             of
             Ed.
             1.
             as
             it
             appears
             first
             of
             all
             by
             the
             words
             of
             the
             statute
             of
             
               Ruthlan
               :
               Divina
               providentia
            
             (
             saith
             Ed.
             1
             )
             
               quae
               in
               sui
               dispositione
               non
               fallitur
               ,
               inter
               alia
               suae
               dispensationis
               munera
               ,
               quibus
               nos
               &
               regnum
               nostrum
               Angliae
               decorari
               dignata
               est
               ,
               terram
               Walliae
               cum
               incolis
               suis
               prius
               nobis
               jure
               feodoli
               subjectam
               jam
               sui
               gratiâ
               in
               proprietatis
               nostrae
               domini●m
               obstaculis
               quibuscunque
               cessantibus
               totaliter
               &
               cum
               integritate
               convertit
               ,
               &
               corenae
               regni
               praedicti
               tanquam
               partem
               corporis
               ejusdem
               anne●●
               it
               &
               univit
               .
               Henry
            
             the
             fourth
             gives
             the
             title
             of
             Conqueror
             of
             Wales
             to
             Ed.
             1.
             in
             his
             lawes
             against
             the
             Welshmen
             ,
             made
             
               An
               :
               2.
               
               H.
            
             4.
             thus
             ,
             
               Nulle-Gall●is
               ait
               chastel
               ,
               fortresse
               ne
               maison
               defensive
               de
               son
               propre
               ,
               ne
               de
               autre
               agardere
               ,
               autrement
               que
               n●scoit
               us●z
               en
               temps
               le
               Roy
               Ed
               :
               conquerer
               de
               Galez
               :
            
             that
             is
             ,
             No
             Welchman
             shall
             have
             castle
             ,
             fortresse
             ,
             nor
             house
             defensive
             of
             his
             own
             ,
             nor
             of
             other
             to
             keep
             ,
             otherwise
             then
             was
             used
             in
             the
             time
             of
             
               king
               Edward
            
             Conqueror
             of
             Wales
             .
             The
             title
             of
             those
             Petitions
             made
             at
             Kenynten
             do
             averre
             the
             same
             :
             
               Peticones
               de
               Kenynton
               factae
               apud
               Kenynton
               per
               homines
               Northwalliae
               tam
               pro
               communitatibus
               comitatuum
               quam
               pro
               singularibus
               personis
               exhibitae
               domino
               principi
               filio
               regis
               Ed
               :
               conquestoris
               Walliae
               ,
               Auno
               regni
               praedic
               :
               Ed.
            
             33.
             
             And
             
               John
               de
               Delves
            
             in
             the
             8.
             year
             of
             Ed
             :
             3.
             layes
             open
             the
             King's
             title
             to
             the
             principality
             of
             Wales
             in
             these
             words
             :
             
               Terra
               Walliae
               est
               terra
               conquesta
               &
               conquisita
               fuit
               per
               dominum
               Edwardum
               nuper
               regem
               Angliae
               proavum
               demini
               principis
               nunc
               per
               quem
               conquestum
               tota
               terra
               tam
               de
               dominio
               quam
               in
               servitiis
               injuncta
               fuit
               &
               annexa
               coronae
               Angliae
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             The
             seventh
             Argument
             .
          
           
             AFter
             this
             conquest
             of
             Wales
             by
             the
             overthrow
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             ,
             and
             the
             expulsion
             of
             his
             son
             
               Griff
               :
               ap
               Rees
            
             ,
             who
             was
             forced
             to
             fly
             to
             
               Ireland
               ,
               Griff
               :
               ap
               Conan
            
             being
             then
             prince
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             and
             of
             greatest
             power
             of
             any
             prince
             there
             ,
             sithence
             the
             said
             division
             ,
             never
             stirred
             for
             the
             principality
             of
             Southwales
             ;
             which
             ,
             if
             he
             had
             been
             the
             supreme
             Prince
             of
             Wales
             ,
             by
             this
             occasion
             he
             should
             most
             properly
             and
             
             justly
             have
             done
             ;
             neither
             did
             any
             of
             the
             Princes
             of
             Northwales
             succeeding
             him
             to
             the
             last
             prince
             
               Lhewelyn
               ap
               Griffith
            
             make
             claime
             thereunto
             :
             Albeit
             they
             were
             all
             of
             them
             ,
             one
             after
             the
             other
             ,
             the
             most
             powerfull
             ,
             worthy
             ,
             &
             fortunate
             Princes
             that
             had
             ruled
             in
             Northwales
             since
             the
             division
             ,
             as
             
               Owē
               Gwyn●th
               ,
               David
               ap
               Owen
               ,
               Lhewelyn
               ap
               Jorwerth
               ,
               David
               ap
               Lhewelyn
               ,
            
             and
             that
             they
             had
             the
             advantage
             in
             their
             times
             of
             the
             alteration
             of
             seven
             Kings
             of
             England
             ,
             &
             a
             troubled
             state
             there
             to
             have
             attempted
             it
             .
             But
             
               Griff
               :
               ap
               Rees
            
             returning
             from
             Ireland
             (
             to
             recover
             his
             patrimony
             )
             in
             the
             weaknesse
             of
             his
             fortunes
             retired
             to
             
               Griff.
               ap
               Conan
            
             then
             prince
             of
             
               North
               wales
            
             ,
             whose
             daughter
             he
             had
             married
             ,
             &
             had
             by
             her
             worthy
             sons
             .
             Of
             whose
             return
             &
             purpose
             Henry
             the
             first
             King
             then
             of
             England
             understanding
             ,
             knowing
             him
             to
             be
             the
             undoubted
             heir
             of
             Wales
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             would
             be
             received
             by
             the
             people
             ,
             sent
             for
             the
             prince
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             and
             drew
             him
             in
             ,
             to
             yield
             to
             the
             delivery
             of
             
               Griff
               :
               ap
               Rees
            
             into
             his
             hands
             ,
             which
             the
             Prince
             attempted
             ,
             and
             had
             effected
             accordingly
             ,
             but
             that
             
               Griff
               :
               ap
               Rees
            
             (
             upon
             some
             notice
             thereof
             )
             hardly
             escaped
             into
             the
             Sanctuary
             of
             Aberdaron
             ,
             whence
             the
             prince
             would
             have
             forced
             him
             ,
             but
             that
             he
             was
             rescued
             by
             the
             whole
             clergy
             of
             the
             countrey
             ,
             and
             thence
             conveyed
             to
             Southwales
             ,
             whereupon
             it
             is
             evident
             ,
             that
             if
             
               Griff.
               ap
               Conan
            
             had
             been
             soveraign
             prince
             of
             
               Wales
               (
               de
               jure
            
             )
             first
             no
             necessity
             compelling
             him
             ,
             he
             would
             not
             have
             been
             so
             undiscreet
             as
             to
             have
             put
             himselfe
             into
             the
             King
             of
             
             England's
             hands
             (
             who
             claimed
             the
             soveraignty
             thereof
             ,
             )
             neither
             would
             the
             king
             have
             suffered
             him
             to
             depart
             ,
             seeing
             by
             detaining
             him
             he
             might
             more
             easily
             have
             compassed
             his
             end
             .
             Secondly
             ,
             the
             Prince
             of
             Northwales
             would
             not
             have
             been
             so
             injurious
             to
             himself
             ,
             as
             to
             have
             delivered
             
               Griffith
               ap
               Rees
            
             (
             if
             he
             had
             been
             his
             homager
             of
             Southwales
             )
             whereby
             to
             divest
             himself
             of
             his
             right
             thereunto
             by
             his
             own
             act
             .
             But
             it
             is
             plaine
             that
             the
             prince
             of
             Northwales
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             conquering
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             ,
             having
             submitted
             himself
             to
             the
             King
             of
             England
             (
             as
             his
             homager
             ,
             )
             and
             to
             his
             peace
             ,
             came
             to
             the
             king
             at
             his
             sending
             for
             him
             ,
             knowing
             well
             that
             the
             King
             was
             carelesse
             of
             him
             as
             touching
             the
             right
             of
             Soveraignty
             of
             Wales
             .
             And
             so
             he
             yeilded
             (
             to
             make
             his
             peace
             the
             firmer
             with
             the
             King
             )
             to
             the
             betraying
             of
             his
             Superior
             ,
             of
             his
             guest
             and
             son
             in
             law
             ,
             and
             the
             son
             of
             him
             who
             got
             him
             the
             possession
             of
             the
             principality
             of
             Northwales
             .
             Hereupon
             
               Griff
               ▪
               ap
               Rees
            
             put
             himselfe
             in
             armes
             ,
             and
             so
             held
             himself
             during
             King
             Henries
             
             time
             ,
             and
             a
             part
             of
             King
             Stephens
             ,
             recovering
             a
             great
             part
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             and
             died
             ,
             leaving
             his
             troubles
             and
             possessions
             to
             his
             son
             ,
             called
             the
             
               Lord
               Rees
            
             ,
             who
             in
             the
             end
             made
             peace
             with
             king
             Henry
             the
             second
             ,
             and
             surrendred
             to
             him
             his
             title
             to
             the
             principality
             of
             Wales
             ,
             bringing
             the
             chiesest
             of
             the
             Nobility
             and
             Gentry
             of
             Southwales
             to
             Glocester
             ,
             where
             they
             submitted
             themselves
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             and
             received
             their
             lands
             and
             possessions
             by
             the
             Kings
             grant
             ,
             to
             hold
             of
             him
             .
             And
             the
             
               Lord
               Rees
            
             accepted
             of
             the
             King
             to
             be
             his
             Justice
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             which
             office
             continued
             untill
             27.
             of
             King
             Henry
             the
             8.
             and
             ended
             in
             the
             Lord
             Ferrers
             of
             Chartley
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Answer
             .
          
           
             FOr
             Answer
             hereunto
             ,
             you
             must
             first
             conceive
             that
             
               Griffith
               ap
               Conan
            
             at
             the
             time
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor's
            
             death
             ,
             was
             not
             so
             powerfull
             as
             you
             make
             him
             to
             be
             :
             for
             as
             we
             read
             in
             the
             Author
             of
             his
             life
             ,
             he
             was
             then
             but
             newly
             escaped
             out
             of
             the
             Earl
             of
             
             Chester's
             prison
             ,
             where
             he
             had
             remained
             12.
             years
             .
             Secondly
             ,
             that
             notwithstanding
             his
             unsettled
             state
             in
             Northwales
             (
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             said
             imprisonment
             ,
             )
             and
             the
             King
             of
             Englands
             displeasure
             conceived
             against
             him
             ,
             he
             joyned
             forces
             with
             
               Cadwgan
               ap
               Bledhyn
            
             his
             son
             in
             law
             ,
             and
             entring
             Southwales
             ,
             after
             they
             had
             slaine
             in
             battell
             a
             great
             number
             of
             Normans
             ,
             a
             great
             part
             thereof
             though
             not
             all
             became
             subject
             to
             Cadwgan
             ,
             as
             the
             British
             history
             of
             the
             Princes
             relateth
             ;
             wherein
             also
             we
             find
             ,
             that
             afterwards
             
               Griff
               :
               ap
               Conan
            
             sent
             his
             sons
             Owen
             and
             Cadwalladr
             twice
             to
             Southwales
             ,
             being
             one
             time
             accompanied
             with
             6000
             Footmen
             ,
             and
             2000
             Horsemen
             ,
             they
             took
             the
             Castles
             of
             
               Walter
               Espec
            
             ,
             and
             
               Richard
               de
               la
               Mare
            
             ,
             and
             also
             the
             Castles
             of
             
               Aberystwyth
               ,
               Dinerth
            
             ,
             and
             Caerwedros
             ,
             subduing
             the
             whole
             countrey
             to
             the
             town
             of
             Cardigan
             ;
             and
             after
             the
             slaughter
             of
             3000
             Normans
             in
             the
             field
             ,
             they
             chased
             the
             rest
             out
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             restoring
             
               Griffith
               ap
               Rees
            
             to
             his
             father's
             inheritance
             ,
             and
             the
             ancient
             inhabitants
             to
             their
             former
             dwellings
             .
             Which
             is
             sufficient
             evidence
             that
             they
             made
             claime
             to
             Southwales
             as
             soveraign
             Princes
             .
             And
             
               Griffith
               ap
               Conan
            
             cannot
             be
             imagined
             to
             interest
             himselfe
             in
             the
             cause
             ,
             (
             especially
             in
             his
             weaknesse
             )
             by
             sending
             his
             subjects
             to
             the
             field
             ,
             but
             that
             he
             challenged
             the
             soveraignty
             thereof
             as
             due
             by
             inheritance
             ,
             and
             his
             son
             
               Owen
               Gwynedd
            
             prince
             of
             Northwales
             would
             not
             have
             entred
             Southwales
             ,
             in
             the
             first
             year
             of
             
             his
             reign
             ,
             as
             the
             Chronicle
             witnesseth
             ,
             overthrowing
             the
             Castles
             of
             
               Ystratmeuric
               ,
               Stephens
            
             ,
             and
             Hwmphreys
             ,
             and
             burning
             the
             town
             of
             Carmarthen
             ,
             and
             compelling
             part
             of
             Dyved
             to
             pay
             tribute
             unto
             him
             ,
             (
             as
             
               Gwalchmai
               ap
               Meilir
            
             that
             lived
             in
             that
             age
             hath
             recorded
             )
             retaining
             most
             of
             Cardigan
             in
             his
             own
             hands
             ,
             without
             claime
             or
             pretence
             of
             title
             .
             Likewise
             when
             Henry
             2.
             
             King
             of
             England
             made
             his
             third
             Expedition
             against
             Wales
             ,
             the
             
               Lord
               Rees
            
             and
             the
             power
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             other
             Lords
             of
             Wales
             with
             their
             forces
             marched
             against
             the
             King
             under
             the
             conduct
             of
             the
             Prince
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             which
             directly
             proveth
             his
             soveraignty
             over
             all
             Wales
             .
             After
             these
             tumults
             and
             turmoils
             ,
             
               Lhewelyn
               ap
               Jorwerth
            
             Prince
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             to
             prevent
             all
             doubt
             that
             might
             arise
             concerning
             his
             right
             ,
             made
             all
             Southwales
             and
             Powis
             swear
             fealty
             unto
             him
             ,
             as
             the
             book
             of
             Conwey
             makes
             good
             ,
             wherein
             we
             read
             that
             they
             acknowledged
             the
             like
             fealty
             to
             David
             his
             son
             ,
             and
             Lhewelyn
             the
             last
             Prince
             .
             But
             as
             concerning
             the
             unkind
             dealing
             of
             
               Griff
               :
               ap
               Conan
            
             with
             
               Gr
               :
               ap
               Rees
            
             ,
             and
             
               Gr
               :
               ap
               Conan's
            
             going
             to
             the
             King
             of
             England
             ,
             I
             cannot
             see
             how
             that
             deserves
             an
             answer
             as
             an
             Argument
             for
             the
             soveraignty
             in
             the
             Princes
             of
             Southwales
             .
             Lastly
             you
             affirme
             that
             the
             
               Lord
               Rees
            
             surrendred
             his
             title
             to
             the
             principality
             of
             Wales
             to
             the
             King
             of
             England
             :
             which
             seems
             unto
             me
             most
             improbable
             ,
             considering
             he
             would
             not
             voluntarily
             depose
             himself
             of
             such
             royall
             preheminence
             and
             soveraignty
             ,
             without
             he
             were
             brought
             to
             such
             extremity
             that
             there
             were
             no
             other
             remedy
             ;
             whereas
             it
             is
             evident
             that
             the
             
               Lord
               Rees
            
             was
             in
             great
             favour
             with
             King
             Henry
             the
             second
             at
             the
             time
             you
             mention
             ,
             and
             had
             been
             for
             many
             years
             before
             ;
             witnesse
             the
             Office
             of
             being
             Justice
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             which
             the
             King
             had
             given
             him
             three
             years
             before
             that
             peace
             at
             Glocester
             ,
             as
             the
             book
             of
             Conwey
             mentioneth
             :
             then
             also
             that
             he
             brought
             to
             the
             King's
             peace
             at
             Glecester
             no
             lords
             of
             Northwales
             or
             Powis
             ,
             but
             few
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             such
             as
             had
             formerly
             offended
             the
             King
             ;
             whereby
             it
             appears
             that
             his
             said
             resignation
             ,
             if
             there
             were
             any
             such
             ,
             extended
             no
             farther
             then
             his
             title
             of
             Southwales
             only
             ,
             and
             yet
             in
             regard
             that
             all
             the
             
               English
               writers
            
             do
             terme
             and
             stile
             the
             said
             
               Lord
               Rees
            
             King
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             even
             to
             the
             last
             period
             of
             his
             life
             ,
             I
             cannot
             readily
             believe
             that
             there
             was
             any
             such
             surrender
             made
             ,
             untill
             the
             same
             do
             appear
             by
             some
             Authentick
             record
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             eighth
             Argument
             .
          
           
             THat
             the
             Princes
             of
             Northwales
             (
             though
             some
             late
             writers
             of
             those
             parts
             call
             them
             Princes
             and
             Kings
             of
             Wales
             )
             did
             not
             write
             themselues
             so
             ,
             nor
             were
             taken
             to
             be
             so
             in
             their
             time
             ,
             when
             there
             was
             fit
             occasion
             to
             set
             forth
             their
             title
             .
             But
             ever
             since
             the
             conquering
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             they
             did
             acknowledge
             this
             title
             from
             the
             Kings
             of
             England
             ,
             as
             may
             appear
             by
             the
             said
             submissions
             and
             transactions
             between
             the
             kings
             of
             England
             and
             the
             Princes
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             from
             the
             death
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             to
             the
             death
             of
             Lhewelyn
             the
             last
             prince
             ,
             even
             as
             they
             are
             related
             by
             the
             writers
             of
             Northwales
             .
             And
             which
             maketh
             it
             more
             evident
             ,
             when
             the
             Pope
             did
             absolve
             
               Lhewelyn
               ap
               Jorwerth
            
             from
             his
             oath
             of
             obedience
             made
             to
             King
             John
             ,
             and
             
               David
               ap
               Lhewelyn
            
             from
             his
             oath
             of
             obedience
             made
             to
             King
             Henry
             the
             third
             ,
             he
             gave
             them
             the
             title
             of
             Princes
             of
             Northwales
             only
             ,
             whereas
             both
             the
             Princes
             would
             have
             sought
             ,
             and
             the
             Pope
             would
             have
             yeilded
             them
             the
             title
             of
             Princes
             of
             Wales
             ,
             (
             in
             that
             case
             especially
             for
             the
             larger
             extent
             of
             their
             absolutions
             )
             if
             there
             had
             been
             ground
             for
             it
             .
             Likewise
             it
             appeareth
             by
             the
             excommunication
             of
             
               Lhewelyn
               ap
               Iorweth
            
             ,
             when
             as
             he
             persisted
             in
             action
             against
             King
             Iohn
             ,
             after
             the
             Pope
             had
             made
             his
             end
             with
             the
             King
             ,
             that
             the
             Pope
             stiled
             him
             Prince
             of
             Northwales
             only
             :
             and
             the
             colour
             that
             those
             writers
             do
             take
             to
             terme
             them
             of
             Northwales
             Princes
             of
             Wales
             was
             ,
             for
             that
             after
             the
             subduing
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             ,
             the
             people
             of
             Wales
             had
             no
             other
             in
             their
             distresses
             to
             resort
             unto
             for
             protection
             but
             the
             Princes
             of
             Northwales
             .
             And
             in
             that
             respect
             ,
             and
             not
             otherwise
             ,
             there
             being
             then
             no
             Princes
             of
             
               Southwales
               ,
               Lhewelyn
               ap
               Iorwerth
            
             Prince
             of
             Northwales
             being
             incited
             by
             the
             Pope
             and
             Barons
             against
             King
             Iohn
             ,
             did
             assume
             a
             command
             in
             most
             parts
             of
             Wales
             :
             but
             it
             ceased
             in
             short
             time
             ,
             and
             he
             submitted
             himselfe
             and
             his
             country
             to
             King
             Henry
             the
             third
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Answer
             .
          
           
             IT
             it
             is
             certain
             ,
             that
             the
             Princes
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             howsoever
             they
             did
             lay
             down
             their
             titles
             ,
             were
             alwaies
             reputed
             and
             taken
             to
             be
             the
             soveraign
             Kings
             of
             Britaine
             ,
             &
             Princes
             of
             Wales
             ,
             for
             
               Caradoc
               Lancarvan
            
             
             in
             Glamorganshire
             speaking
             of
             Anarawd
             prince
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             gives
             him
             the
             title
             and
             honour
             of
             King
             of
             the
             Britaines
             ,
             and
             chief
             King
             of
             Wales
             ,
             as
             is
             manifest
             in
             the
             ancient
             copies
             of
             his
             History
             ,
             
               Idwall
               oel
            
             his
             son
             is
             called
             by
             
               William
               Malmesbury
            
             and
             others
             ,
             
               Rex
               omnium
               Wallensium
            
             .
             The
             same
             stile
             ,
             or
             the
             like
             in
             effect
             ,
             Caradocus
             attributeth
             unto
             the
             sons
             of
             
               Idwal
               ,
               Howel
               ap
               Jevaf
               ,
               Meredith
               ap
               Owen
               ,
            
             and
             
               Bleddyn
               ap
               Cynvyn
            
             ,
             Princes
             of
             
               Northwales
               .
               Trhayarn
               ap
               Caradoc
            
             is
             called
             King
             of
             Wales
             by
             
               George
               Owen
               Harry
            
             ,
             a
             Gentleman
             of
             
               Southwales
               .
               Griff
               :
               ap
               Conan
               ,
            
             whom
             Mr.
             Camden
             calleth
             
               princeps
               Walliae
            
             ,
             was
             acknowledged
             by
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             himself
             to
             be
             
               Brenhin
               Brenhincedh
               Cymru
            
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             
               King
               of
               the
               Kings
               of
               Wales
               ,
            
             as
             the
             Author
             of
             Griffiths
             life
             averreth
             ;
             whereby
             it
             clearly
             appears
             ,
             that
             the
             said
             Rees
             prince
             of
             Southwales
             pretended
             no
             right
             to
             the
             Soveraignty
             of
             Wales
             .
             And
             Caradocus
             also
             saith
             that
             
               Griff
               :
               ap
               Conan
            
             prince
             of
             Northwales
             was
             
               p●nna
               brenhin
               ac
               amdhiffynnwr
               a
               thangnefedhwr
               Crmruoll
               :
            
             that
             is
             ,
             the
             
               chiefest
               King
            
             ,
             defender
             ,
             and
             peace-maker
             of
             all
             
               Wales
               .
               Leoline
            
             the
             great
             also
             is
             by
             
               Mathew
               Paris
               ,
               Mat
               :
               Westminster
               ,
               Polidor
               ,
            
             and
             all
             our
             
               British
               Antiquities
            
             termed
             prince
             of
             Wales
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             king
             of
             Wales
             ,
             as
             in
             an
             old
             
               British
               Ode
            
             dedicated
             to
             Lhewelyn
             ,
             by
             one
             
               Encon
               wan
            
             ,
             a
             Bard
             of
             that
             age
             ,
             is
             extant
             ,
             wherein
             he
             is
             called
             
               Gwir
               frenhin
               Cymru
            
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             the
             true
             or
             naturall
             king
             of
             Wales
             .
             And
             
               David
               Benvras
            
             a
             Bard
             of
             great
             estimation
             in
             his
             time
             ,
             in
             the
             funerall
             Elegy
             of
             David
             Lhewelyn's
             son
             ,
             calleth
             him
             
               mab
               brenhin
               Cymru
            
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             the
             son
             of
             the
             king
             of
             Wales
             .
             In
             like
             manner
             Prince
             David
             ,
             and
             Leotine
             the
             last
             ,
             are
             termed
             most
             commonly
             Princes
             of
             Wales
             by
             all
             Authors
             .
             And
             here
             I
             may
             not
             passe
             how
             that
             our
             great
             Antiquary
             Mr.
             Selden
             in
             his
             notes
             upon
             
               Mi
               :
               Draiton
            
             his
             Polilbion
             ,
             gives
             our
             Princes
             from
             Anarawd
             to
             the
             
               last
               prince
            
             the
             name
             and
             title
             of
             princes
             of
             Wales
             :
             adding
             withall
             ,
             that
             after
             the
             division
             among
             Roderic
             Mawr's
             sons
             ,
             the
             principality
             was
             chiefly
             in
             Northwales
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             as
             tributaries
             to
             the
             Prince
             of
             that
             part
             .
             Seeing
             therefore
             that
             the
             princes
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             even
             from
             
             Roderic's
             time
             to
             
               Lhewelyn
               ap
               Griffith
            
             ,
             were
             reputed
             and
             taken
             to
             be
             the
             undoubted
             Princes
             and
             Kings
             of
             Wales
             ,
             I
             cannot
             be
             induced
             to
             change
             my
             opinion
             upon
             bare
             pretences
             ,
             be
             they
             never
             so
             specious
             .
             Furthermore
             it
             is
             confessed
             ,
             that
             the
             Princes
             of
             Northwales
             did
             acknowledg
             as
             well
             the
             principality
             of
             Wales
             ,
             as
             the
             title
             thereof
             to
             the
             
             kings
             of
             England
             ,
             yet
             not
             only
             after
             the
             death
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             ,
             but
             many
             hundred
             years
             before
             ,
             as
             it
             appears
             by
             tribute
             paid
             by
             our
             Princes
             unto
             the
             kings
             of
             England
             in
             acknowledgment
             thereof
             :
             for
             in
             the
             dayes
             of
             the
             
               old
               Britains
               ,
               Tair
               talaith
            
             (
             as
             we
             find
             in
             an
             old
             British
             Manuscript
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             
               British
               Triades
               )
               a
               dheleid
               y
               dala
               wrth
               goron
               Lundain
               ,
               un
               ym-Henrhyn
               Rhionydhyny
               Gogledh
               ,
               ar
               ail
               daleith
               yn
               Aberfraw
               ,
               ar
               drydedh
               yn
               Gerniw
               :
            
             that
             is
             ,
             
               three
               Coronets
            
             ought
             to
             be
             held
             of
             the
             Crown
             of
             London
             ,
             the
             one
             was
             the
             Crown
             or
             Coronet
             of
             Penrhynrhionydd
             in
             the
             North
             ,
             the
             second
             was
             of
             Aberfraw
             ,
             and
             the
             third
             that
             of
             Corawall
             .
             And
             touching
             the
             
             Pope's
             absolution
             of
             
               Lhewelyn
               ap
               Jorwerth
            
             from
             an
             oath
             of
             obedience
             to
             the
             king
             of
             England
             ,
             by
             stiling
             him
             Prince
             of
             Northwales
             ;
             whence
             you
             infer
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             not
             Soveraign
             of
             any
             other
             part
             ,
             else
             the
             Pope
             would
             have
             given
             it
             him
             in
             his
             stile
             ,
             it
             concerns
             you
             ,
             before
             you
             make
             good
             your
             conceit
             herein
             ,
             to
             propose
             unto
             us
             the
             
             Pope's
             
               own
               words
               in
               the
               Originall
            
             ,
             and
             then
             to
             shew
             your self
             to
             be
             of
             his
             Counsell
             ,
             that
             when
             he
             named
             Northwales
             the
             chiefest
             seat
             ,
             you
             might
             be
             sure
             he
             did
             thereby
             intend
             to
             take
             away
             the
             Soveraignty
             over
             the
             rest
             of
             Wales
             .
             And
             that
             Northwales
             exceeded
             Southwales
             in
             respect
             of
             supremacy
             ,
             you
             may
             be
             easily
             convinced
             ,
             if
             you
             look
             back
             into
             those
             times
             when
             the
             Britains
             lost
             the
             crown
             and
             scepter
             of
             London
             ,
             (
             as
             we
             find
             in
             
               Prawf
               Ynad
            
             ,
             being
             an
             ancient
             MS
             :
             containing
             the
             
               old
               laws
            
             of
             the
             Britains
             ;
             )
             Then
             by
             a
             generall
             assembly
             of
             the
             men
             of
             
               Gwynedh
               ,
               Powys
               ,
               Deheubarth
               ,
               Evas
               ,
               Morganw●
               ,
            
             and
             Sersyllwe
             ,
             it
             was
             ordained
             ,
             that
             Aberfraw
             in
             Northwales
             should
             be
             the
             chiefest
             seat
             ,
             and
             the
             king
             thereof
             the
             
               soveraign
               King
            
             of
             all
             the
             
               British
               Princes
            
             .
             And
             King
             
               Howel
               Dha
            
             in
             his
             Laws
             mentioneth
             a
             
               tribute
               due
            
             to
             the
             king
             of
             Northwales
             from
             the
             kings
             of
             Southwales
             and
             
               Powis
               ▪
            
             whereby
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             inquisition
             before
             specified
             ,
             it
             is
             apparent
             ,
             that
             the
             title
             of
             Aberffraw
             or
             Northwales
             in
             effect
             is
             as
             
               large
               ,
               ample
            
             ,
             and
             honourable
             as
             the
             title
             of
             
               all
               Wales
            
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             ninth
             Argument
             .
          
           
             IF
             King
             Edward
             the
             first
             of
             England
             had
             not
             accounted
             Wales
             to
             be
             his
             by
             the
             conquest
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             ,
             he
             might
             have
             assumed
             against
             
               Lhewelyn
               ap
               Griff.
            
             the
             title
             of
             M●rtimer
             his
             subject
             in
             the
             right
             
             of
             Gwladice
             his
             wife
             ,
             sole
             sister
             and
             heir
             of
             
               David
               ap
               Lhewelyn
            
             ,
             the
             last
             lawfull
             prince
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             (
             for
             
               Griffith
               ap
               Lhewelyn
            
             his
             eldest
             Brother
             ,
             father
             to
             Lhewelyn
             the
             
               ●●st
               Prince
            
             ,
             was
             base
             born
             :
             )
             But
             neither
             did
             the
             King
             think
             good
             to
             borrow
             that
             title
             ;
             nor
             did
             the
             Mortimers
             (
             albeit
             they
             were
             raised
             to
             be
             Ear●s
             of
             March
             ,
             and
             becoming
             the
             strongest
             subjects
             in
             alliances
             and
             kindreds
             ,
             augmented
             the
             same
             by
             marrying
             the
             sole
             daughter
             and
             heir
             of
             the
             Duke
             of
             Clar●nce
             ,
             whereby
             they
             had
             after
             the
             crown
             of
             England
             )
             ever
             claime
             the
             principality
             of
             Wales
             ;
             yea
             though
             they
             were
             in
             disgrace
             with
             the
             state
             of
             England
             ,
             and
             were
             in
             action
             against
             Henry
             the
             fourth
             ,
             which
             such
             mighty
             persons
             would
             hardly
             have
             omitted
             ,
             if
             the
             house
             of
             Northwales
             had
             had
             good
             right
             to
             the
             principality
             of
             Wales
             .
             Neither
             would
             the
             policy
             of
             the
             State
             of
             England
             have
             suffered
             the
             rising
             of
             that
             house
             ,
             which
             by
             an
             undoubted
             right
             to
             Wales
             ,
             might
             have
             bereaved
             them
             thereof
             ;
             yet
             such
             right
             as
             they
             had
             is
             now
             lawfully
             vested
             in
             the
             crown
             by
             
               king
               Edward
            
             the
             fourth
             ,
             as
             heir
             to
             Mortimer
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Answer
             .
          
           
             IT
             appeareth
             in
             the
             statute
             of
             Ruthlan
             ,
             that
             Edward
             1.
             did
             not
             claime
             or
             account
             the
             principality
             of
             Wales
             to
             be
             his
             by
             the
             overthrow
             of
             
               Rees
               ap
               Theodor
            
             ,
             for
             the
             assumes
             the
             glory
             of
             the
             conquest
             of
             Wales
             to
             himself
             ,
             as
             is
             manifest
             before
             in
             my
             answer
             to
             the
             6.
             
             Argument
             ,
             whereunto
             for
             your
             better
             satisfaction
             in
             this
             point
             I
             remit
             you
             .
             And
             the
             reason
             that
             he
             borrowed
             not
             the
             title
             of
             Mortimer
             his
             subject
             ,
             (
             although
             it
             be
             a
             thing
             seldome
             or
             never
             heard
             of
             ,
             that
             the
             titles
             of
             Kingdomes
             should
             be
             borrowed
             or
             lent
             ,
             )
             and
             that
             his
             said
             subject
             himself
             did
             not
             seize
             upon
             the
             said
             principality
             from
             Leoline
             the
             last
             ,
             as
             his
             right
             by
             inheritance
             ,
             was
             ,
             because
             that
             Mortimer
             had
             no
             right
             thereunto
             :
             for
             Gwlades
             his
             wife
             was
             the
             sole
             sister
             of
             Griffith
             ,
             the
             eldest
             son
             of
             Lhewelyn
             the
             great
             ,
             who
             left
             behind
             him
             diverse
             children
             ,
             and
             not
             of
             David
             ,
             according
             to
             your
             allegation
             ,
             as
             by
             most
             strong
             arguments
             and
             ancient
             authority
             shall
             appear
             ,
             I
             doubt
             not
             ,
             but
             to
             your
             full
             satisfaction
             .
             And
             first
             of
             all
             
               Ralph
               Lord
               Mortimer
            
             of
             Wigm●re
             the
             husband
             of
             
               Gwlades
               dhu
            
             did
             procure
             with
             all
             his
             might
             the
             deliverance
             of
             Griffith
             out
             of
             his
             Brother
             
             Davia's
             prison
             ,
             and
             also
             labour
             for
             
             his
             installment
             in
             the
             principality
             of
             Wales
             ,
             as
             is
             apparent
             in
             
               Mathew
               Paris
            
             ,
             which
             he
             would
             never
             have
             done
             ,
             it
             his
             wi●e
             had
             been
             the
             sole
             sister
             and
             heir
             of
             David
             ;
             for
             by
             the
             raising
             of
             Griffith
             to
             the
             throne
             of
             Wales
             ,
             he
             should
             not
             only
             depose
             David
             ,
             but
             also
             most
             indiscreetly
             exclude
             himselfe
             from
             being
             heir
             apparent
             to
             the
             principality
             of
             Wales
             ,
             and
             next
             to
             rule
             after
             David
             ,
             who
             had
             no
             issue
             .
             Secondly
             ,
             the
             
               Lord
               Mortimer
            
             ,
             after
             the
             death
             of
             
               prince
               David
            
             ,
             made
             no
             claime
             to
             the
             principality
             ,
             which
             in
             no
             w●se
             he
             would
             have
             omitted
             ,
             if
             he
             had
             been
             his
             heir
             apparent
             ,
             and
             the
             king
             of
             Englands
             nephew
             ,
             as
             you
             pretend
             ,
             who
             for
             the
             recovery
             of
             his
             right
             would
             minister
             unto
             him
             sufficient
             aid
             both
             in
             men
             and
             money
             .
             But
             this
             neglect
             infallibly
             denoteth
             ,
             that
             Gwlades
             with
             her
             posterity
             was
             not
             the
             heir
             of
             David
             ,
             seeing
             that
             Leoline
             held
             that
             peaceably
             with
             the
             consent
             of
             the
             King.
             And
             in
             an
             
               old
               book
            
             written
             above
             200
             years
             ago
             ,
             I
             found
             the
             pedegree
             of
             
               Richard
               Duke
            
             of
             York
             ,
             father
             of
             
               king
               Edward
            
             the
             4.
             wherein
             the
             Dukes
             descent
             is
             first
             brought
             to
             the
             Mortimers
             by
             Anne
             his
             Mother
             ,
             and
             from
             the
             Mortimers
             to
             the
             
               Princes
               of
               Wales
            
             by
             the
             said
             Gwlades
             ,
             as
             being
             sister
             and
             heir
             of
             Griffith
             and
             not
             of
             David
             ,
             even
             thus
             :
             
               Leolinus
               fuit
               princeps
               Walliae
               ,
               &
               pater
               Gladys
               ddu
               ,
               haeres
               suus
               fuit
               Griffinus
               princeps
               Walliae
               ,
               qui
               habuit
               quatuor
               filios
               ,
               Lew●linum
               (
               ille
               fuit
               ultimus
               princeps
               Walliae
               ,
               )
               Owinnm
               ,
               David
               ,
               &
               Rodri
               ,
               qui
               decesserunt
               sine
               haered
               bus
               :
               ideo
               revertamur
               ad
               Gladys
               Dhu
               ,
               quam
               Radulphus
               Mortimer
               duxit
               in
               uxorem
               .
               Lewelyn
            
             was
             Prince
             of
             Wales
             ,
             and
             the
             father
             of
             
               Glaays
               ddû
            
             ,
             his
             heir
             was
             Griffith
             Prince
             of
             Wales
             ,
             who
             had
             4.
             sons
             ,
             viz.
             Lewelyn
             the
             last
             Prince
             of
             
               Wales
               ,
               Owen
               ,
               David
            
             ,
             and
             Rodri
             ,
             who
             dyed
             without
             heirs
             ;
             therefore
             let
             us
             come
             back
             again
             to
             
               Gladys
               ddu
            
             ,
             whom
             
               Ralph
               Mortimer
            
             married
             .
             Hereby
             it
             appeareth
             that
             Griffith
             was
             
               L●welyn
               ap
               Jorwerth's
            
             son
             &
             heir
             ,
             &
             therefore
             born
             in
             Wedlock
             ,
             &
             that
             his
             four
             sons
             leaving
             no
             Heirs
             (
             as
             that
             Author
             saith
             ,
             )
             the
             right
             of
             the
             principality
             descended
             to
             the
             posterity
             of
             Gwladus
             ,
             which
             directly
             proveth
             she
             was
             sister
             of
             the
             whole
             bloud
             to
             Griffith
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             David
             ,
             of
             whom
             the
             Author
             maketh
             no
             mention
             at
             all
             ;
             accounting
             him
             and
             his
             sisters
             (
             some
             of
             whose
             posterity
             live
             at
             this
             day
             )
             no
             better
             then
             Bastards
             .
             Thirdly
             our
             ancient
             books
             of
             pedegrees
             do
             with
             one
             consent
             affirme
             that
             the
             children
             of
             
               Leoline
               ap
               Jor
            
             :
             were
             Griffith
             and
             
               Gwlades
               dhu
            
             ,
             whose
             mother
             was
             Tanglwyst
             the
             daughter
             of
             
               Lhowarch
               goch
            
             of
             
               Ros
               :
               David
            
             Prince
             of
             
             
               Wales
               ,
               Gwenlliant
               ,
               Angharad
            
             ,
             and
             Marvred
             ,
             whose
             Mother
             was
             Joan
             ,
             the
             Daughter
             of
             King
             John.
             The
             
               white
               book
               of
               Hergest
            
             ,
             a
             very
             fair
             and
             ancient
             parchment
             Manuscript
             ,
             saith
             ,
             that
             
               prince
               Lhewelyn
            
             wedded
             one
             Tanglwyst
             the
             daughter
             of
             Llowarch
             Lord
             of
             Anglesey
             ,
             and
             begat
             by
             her
             Griff.
             and
             
               Gwladys
               dee
               .
               Gwilym
               Tew
            
             that
             flourished
             in
             the
             daies
             of
             Henry
             6.
             hath
             written
             that
             
               Leolin
               ap
               Jorwerth
            
             begat
             
               Gwladus
               ddu
            
             upon
             the
             daughter
             of
             
               Llowarch
               goch
            
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             mother
             of
             Griffith
             .
             And
             last
             of
             all
             I
             find
             it
             noted
             in
             an
             
               old
               manuscript
            
             thus
             ▪
             
               Lewelinus
               Gervasii
               filius
               princeps
               Walliae
               ,
               primo
               desponsavit
               Tanglwyst
               filiam
               Lhowarch
               Vychan
               ,
               de
               qua
               genuit
               Griffith
               &
               Gwlades
               ddu
               quondam
               uxorem
               Radulphi
               de
               Mortuomari
               ,
               post
               mortem
               dictae
               Tanglwyst
               idem
               L●welynus
               desponsavit
               Joannam
               filiam
               Johannis
               regis
               Angliae
               ,
               de
               qua
               genuit
               David
               principem
               ,
               &
               Gwenlliant
               uxorem
               Jo
               :
               Lacie
               comitis
               Lincolnia
               ,
               &
               Angharad
               primo
               desponsata
               Johanni
               ,
               de
               Brewys
               domino
               de
               Brechon
               ,
               post
               cujus
               decessum
               desponsata
               fuit
               Malgoni
               Vachan
               ap
               Maelgon
               ap
               Rees
               ,
               &
               ex
               eadem
               uxore
               genuit
               filiam
               quae
               maritata
               est
               Johanni
               Scotico
               comiti
               Cestriae
               qui
               fuit
               nepos
               Ranulphi
               comitis
               Cestriae
               ex
               parte
               sororis
               sui
               .
            
             Here
             is
             (
             you
             see
             )
             most
             infallible
             proof
             ,
             that
             Gwlades
             was
             not
             the
             sole
             sister
             and
             heir
             of
             David
             ,
             but
             the
             only
             sister
             of
             
               Griffith
               (
               Lh●welyn
            
             the
             great
             his
             
               eldest
               son
            
             )
             who
             by
             equity
             should
             have
             succeeded
             his
             father
             in
             the
             principality
             of
             Wales
             ;
             although
             you
             and
             others
             do
             averre
             that
             he
             was
             a
             Bastard
             ,
             but
             how
             truly
             ,
             I
             appeale
             to
             the
             judgment
             of
             impartiall
             Antiquaries
             :
             for
             do
             but
             equally
             consider
             whether
             a
             Bastard
             would
             offer
             to
             disquiet
             his
             father
             and
             Prince
             ,
             because
             he
             intended
             that
             his
             lawfull
             heir
             should
             succeed
             him
             in
             his
             dominions
             ;
             or
             presume
             to
             bandy
             with
             the
             legitimate
             heir
             for
             his
             due
             inheritance
             ;
             or
             whether
             the
             King
             of
             England
             would
             maintaine
             such
             an
             execrable
             quarrell
             against
             his
             (
             naturall
             )
             nephew
             ,
             or
             the
             Lords
             of
             VVales
             against
             their
             true
             &
             legitimate
             prince
             in
             a
             Bastard's
             behalf
             .
             These
             circumstances
             might
             satisfy
             ,
             that
             Griffith
             was
             not
             only
             born
             in
             wedlock
             ,
             but
             also
             the
             right
             &
             proper
             prince
             of
             Wales
             by
             inheritance
             .
             Consider
             likewise
             how
             Lhewelyn
             called
             all
             the
             Lords
             and
             Barons
             of
             Wales
             before
             him
             to
             Ystratflur
             ,
             and
             caused
             them
             to
             swear
             to
             be
             faithfull
             subjects
             ,
             and
             to
             do
             homage
             to
             David
             his
             son
             ,
             and
             that
             long
             before
             his
             death
             ;
             which
             had
             been
             needlesse
             and
             frivolous
             ,
             if
             David
             had
             been
             his
             heir
             ,
             and
             Griff
             :
             his
             bastard
             :
             consider
             I
             say
             ,
             how
             that
             Henry
             the
             third
             immediately
             after
             the
             death
             of
             Griffith
             ,
             assuming
             ▪
             
             the
             title
             of
             his
             said
             prisoner
             into
             his
             own
             hands
             ,
             intituled
             his
             eldest
             son
             Edw
             :
             to
             the
             principality
             of
             Wales
             ,
             accounting
             David
             no
             lawfull
             prince
             ,
             as
             it
             appears
             thereby
             :
             yea
             and
             how
             ,
             that
             neither
             the
             Bruses
             Lords
             of
             
               Brechnock
               .
               Lacies
            
             Earls
             of
             Lincoln
             ,
             nor
             any
             other
             that
             married
             Prince
             Davids
             sisters
             of
             the
             whole
             blood
             ,
             pretended
             any
             right
             to
             the
             principality
             of
             Wales
             after
             his
             death
             ,
             though
             he
             left
             no
             issue
             or
             his
             body
             to
             survive
             him
             ,
             which
             such
             mighty
             persons
             would
             hardly
             have
             omitted
             ,
             if
             David
             had
             been
             the
             true
             heir
             of
             Leoline
             the
             great
             ,
             and
             lawfull
             prince
             of
             Wales
             ,
             ●urthermore
             
               David
               Benvras
            
             in
             a
             funerall
             Elegy
             to
             Lhewelyn
             and
             his
             two
             sons
             ,
             gives
             them
             in
             generall
             the
             name
             of
             Princes
             ,
             and
             prefers
             Griff
             :
             before
             David
             .
             Whereupon
             I
             do
             conclude
             ,
             that
             if
             Griff
             :
             had
             been
             a
             bastard
             ,
             in
             all
             likelihood
             the
             Bard
             would
             not
             presume
             to
             prefer
             him
             before
             David
             ,
             being
             legitimate
             ;
             neither
             have
             given
             him
             the
             title
             of
             Prince
             ,
             but
             that
             it
             was
             his
             Birth-right
             .
             Again
             
               Polydor
               Virgil
            
             in
             the
             16.
             book
             of
             his
             
               History
               of
               England
            
             ,
             denoteth
             that
             Griff
             :
             was
             his
             fathers
             lawfull
             heir
             ,
             and
             that
             David
             was
             an
             usurper
             of
             the
             principality
             upheld
             by
             the
             King
             of
             
             Englana's
             favour
             in
             these
             words
             .
             
               Id
               temporis
               Lewelinus
               Walliae
               princeps
               è
               vita
               migravit
               ,
               deinde
               inter
               Gruffinum
               &
               David
               filios
               ejus
               de
               principatu
               disceptatum
               est
               ;
               quem
               ad
               ultimum
               David
               ,
               etsi
               minor
               natu
               ,
               favente
               Henrico
               ,
               assecutus
               est
               :
            
             and
             a
             little
             after
             :
             
               multos
               Wallorum
               miserebat
               casus
               Griffini
               ,
               qui
               per
               proditionem
               avito
               principatu
               fraudatus
               in
               carcere
               esset
               ,
               insidebatque
               in
               illorum
               animis
               tanti
               facinoris
               memoria
               .
            
             Adde
             hereunto
             how
             
               Leolinus
               Gerva●ii
               filius
               desponsavit
               Tanglwist
               ,
               de
               qua
               genuit
               Griffith
               ,
            
             as
             I
             said
             before
             :
             adde
             I
             say
             the
             testimony
             of
             the
             book
             of
             Hergest
             before
             mentioned
             ,
             with
             the
             which
             agrees
             
               John
               Griff
               :
               Eyton
            
             ,
             an
             Author
             of
             above
             an
             hundred
             and
             
               fifty
               years
            
             antiquity
             .
             Here
             I
             might
             cite
             the
             opinion
             of
             
               Guttun
               Owen
            
             and
             the
             Bards
             ,
             who
             with
             one
             consent
             do
             testify
             ,
             that
             Gr
             :
             was
             his
             fathers
             eldest
             son
             and
             heir
             apparent
             ,
             whose
             testimonies
             ,
             seeing
             their
             function
             was
             nothing
             else
             but
             truly
             to
             decant
             the
             famous
             deeds
             and
             true
             pedegrees
             of
             the
             Princes
             and
             Nobility
             of
             Wales
             ,
             I
             hold
             it
             good
             reason
             that
             we
             follow
             and
             preferre
             before
             the
             traditions
             of
             Strangers
             ,
             who
             most
             commonly
             being
             enemies
             to
             the
             Welchmen
             were
             carelesse
             of
             their
             affaires
             ,
             and
             therefore
             apt
             to
             erre
             in
             relating
             their
             histories
             ,
             especially
             since
             they
             looked
             upon
             it
             as
             their
             interest
             to
             conceale
             or
             extenuate
             ,
             rather
             then
             declare
             their
             glory
             .
             And
             the
             Translators
             of
             the
             Chr●nicle
             of
             VVales
             ,
             tracing
             their
             
             steps
             ,
             and
             forgetting
             the
             fidelity
             of
             Translation
             ,
             added
             at
             their
             pleasure
             ▪
             that
             Griffith
             was
             a
             Bastard
             ,
             and
             that
             Gwlades
             was
             the
             sister
             of
             David
             going
             besides
             the
             
               old
               text
            
             wherein
             you
             shall
             find
             no
             such
             matter
             .
             Also
             Bastards
             by
             the
             lawes
             of
             
               Howel
               Dha
            
             were
             excluded
             from
             any
             share
             of
             inheritance
             with
             their
             Brethren
             legitimate
             ,
             but
             Gruff
             :
             as
             Dr.
             Powell
             out
             of
             
               Math
               :
               Paris
            
             relateth
             ,
             
               claimed
               a
               portion
               of
               his
               fathers
               inheritance
               according
               to
               the
               customes
               of
               VVales
               ,
               even
               so
               much
               as
               of
               right
               ought
               to
               appertain
               unto
               him
               .
            
             VVhich
             words
             do
             insinuate
             that
             he
             was
             ready
             to
             prove
             his
             Father
             and
             Mothers
             marriage
             lawfully
             consummated
             .
             And
             David
             confesseth
             a
             portion
             due
             to
             his
             Brother
             ,
             when
             in
             the
             
               third
               article
            
             of
             his
             submission
             to
             H.
             3.
             he
             saith
             ,
             Item
             
               I
               ,
               and
               the
               said
               Griffith
               ,
               and
               either
               of
               us
               ,
               shall
               hold
               our
               portions
               of
               land
               of
               our
               said
               soveraign
               Lord
               the
            
             King
             
               in
               capite
            
             .
             Lastly
             ,
             the
             Bastards
             of
             the
             Princes
             of
             VVales
             were
             not
             tolerated
             to
             bear
             their
             fathers
             Arms
             ;
             and
             if
             permitted
             ,
             yet
             not
             without
             difference
             ,
             as
             may
             be
             observed
             in
             the
             Coats
             of
             Madoc
             the
             son
             of
             Gwenwynwyn
             Lord
             of
             
               Powis
               ,
               David
               goch
            
             the
             son
             of
             David
             Lord
             of
             Denbigh
             and
             
               Fradhsham
               ;
               Eneon
            
             and
             Cynwric
             twinnes
             ,
             the
             sons
             of
             
               Mad
               :
               ap
               Mred
            
             :
             Prince
             of
             Powis
             ;
             and
             
               Tegwared
               y
               bais
               wen
            
             being
             the
             Bastard
             of
             Prince
             
               Lhewelyn
               ap
               Jorwerth
            
             had
             therefore
             a
             peculiar
             
               Coat
               of
               Arms
            
             given
             him
             and
             his
             posterity
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             
               Ar.
               a
               cheveron
               S.
               charged
               with
               3.
               
               Mullets
               pierced
               :
            
             But
             Griffith
             father
             of
             Llywelyn
             the
             last
             Prince
             ,
             gave
             his
             fathers
             Coat
             without
             any
             change
             or
             difference
             at
             all
             ,
             and
             so
             did
             his
             progeny
             after
             him
             ,
             which
             proveth
             that
             he
             was
             lawfully
             born
             .
             These
             reasons
             and
             testimonies
             do
             perswade
             me
             to
             think
             that
             Griffith
             was
             unworthily
             defamed
             of
             Bastardy
             ,
             and
             de●eated
             of
             his
             Birthright
             under
             that
             pretence
             .
             But
             in
             regard
             herein
             I
             thwart
             the
             judgment
             of
             good
             Antiquaries
             both
             ancient
             and
             modern
             ,
             I
             leave
             the
             matter
             to
             a
             farther
             debate
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             tenth
             Argument
             .
          
           
             THE
             late
             writers
             of
             Northwales
             cannot
             agree
             whether
             Mervyn
             or
             Anarawd
             were
             elder
             .
             Mr.
             
               Humphry
               Lloyd
            
             following
             Giraldus
             ,
             preferreth
             Mervyn
             ;
             Doctor
             
               Powel
               ,
               Anarawd
            
             .
             How
             can
             they
             then
             fitly
             decide
             this
             point
             ,
             or
             conclude
             against
             Cadelh
             to
             be
             the
             eldest
             ?
             It
             is
             probable
             that
             Giraldus
             living
             in
             Henry
             2ds
             .
             time
             ,
             being
             a
             native
             of
             
             VVales
             ,
             and
             best
             seen
             of
             any
             (
             as
             his
             works
             do
             shew
             )
             in
             the
             antiquities
             thereof
             ,
             and
             living
             in
             a
             time
             when
             there
             were
             more
             store
             of
             them
             then
             now
             are
             ,
             or
             have
             been
             in
             this
             last
             age
             ,
             and
             otherwise
             a
             great
             learned
             man
             and
             Bishop
             of
             St.
             Davids
             ,
             had
             as
             good
             grounds
             and
             helps
             to
             prove
             for
             Mervyn
             ,
             as
             any
             later
             writer
             for
             Anarawd
             .
             Therefore
             upon
             this
             doubt
             and
             uncertainty
             ,
             which
             of
             these
             two
             were
             elder
             ,
             it
             is
             safest
             for
             the
             truth
             to
             agree
             upon
             so
             good
             authorities
             and
             grounds
             of
             reasons
             for
             Cadelh
             to
             be
             the
             eldest
             ,
             which
             is
             confirmed
             also
             by
             the
             authentick
             Authority
             of
             a
             countrey
             man
             of
             
               Northwales
               ,
               David
               Nantmor
            
             ,
             the
             famous
             Bard
             ,
             who
             was
             and
             still
             is
             of
             such
             estimation
             in
             Northwales
             ,
             as
             none
             will
             contradict
             any
             thing
             written
             by
             him
             .
             Neither
             would
             he
             have
             declared
             the
             truth
             so
             plainly
             ,
             if
             there
             had
             been
             any
             doubt
             in
             the
             matter
             .
             And
             thus
             he
             writeth
             :
          
           
             
               
                 Tri
                 meib
                 i
                 Rodri
                 meun
                 tremyn
                 i
                 keid
              
               
                 Cadelh
                 ,
                 Nerawd
                 ,
                 Mervyn
                 .
              
               
                 Rhannodh
                 ef
                 yr
                 hwn
                 oedh
                 vn
              
               
                 Rhodhiad
                 holl
                 Kymry
                 rhydhyn
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Rhannodh
                 a
                 gadodh
                 er
                 gwelh
                 ,
                 dawn
                 ,
                 yfydh
              
               
                 Dinefwr
                 i
                 Gadelh
              
               
                 Ymab
                 hynaf
                 oi
                 stafelh
              
               
                 Pennaf
                 o
                 wyr
                 pwyvn
                 welh
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Nerawd
                 wr
                 gwastawd
                 dan
                 go
                 ,
                 yn
                 gyfan
              
               
                 A
                 gafas
                 Aberffro
              
               
                 May
                 dayoni
                 Duw
                 yno
              
               
                 Fe
                 biau
                 i
                 bryniaw
                 ay
                 bro.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Gwir
                 gwir
                 a
                 dhoydyr
                 i
                 dhyn
                 ,
                 paen
                 ifank
                 ,
              
               
                 Powys
                 cafas
                 Mervyn
              
               
                 Lhymar
                 modh
                 yr
                 adrodhyn
              
               
                 Ytreir
                 rhwyng
                 y
                 trywyr
                 hyn
                 .
              
            
          
           
             In
             English
             thus
             .
          
           
             
               
                 Three
                 sons
                 we
                 find
                 were
                 unto
                 Roderi
                 ,
              
               
                 VVhom
                 
                   Cadelh
                   ,
                   Nerawd
                   ,
                   Mervyn
                
                 men
                 do
                 call
                 ,
              
               
               
                 Divide
                 he
                 did
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 a
                 Monarchy
              
               
                 Of
                 Cambria
                 a
                 guift
                 between
                 them
                 all
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Divide
                 and
                 leave
                 for
                 best
                 (
                 O
                 justly
                 done
                 !
                 )
              
               
                 Dinevowr
                 unto
                 Cadelh
                 did
                 he
                 then
              
               
                 Within
                 his
                 bower
                 the
                 first
                 begotten
                 son
                 ,
              
               
                 (
                 And
                 who
                 so
                 good
                 )
                 the
                 chiefest
                 of
                 the
                 men
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 And
                 courteous
                 Anarawd
                 did
                 possesse
              
               
                 Aberffro
                 for
                 his
                 portion
                 ,
                 mark
                 you
                 this
                 ,
              
               
                 Whom
                 God
                 I
                 pray
                 with
                 goodnesse
                 all
                 to
                 blesse
                 ,
              
               
                 Both
                 hills
                 and
                 dales
                 the
                 same
                 his
                 own
                 it
                 is
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 tale
                 is
                 true
                 ,
                 yea
                 ,
                 true
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 passe
                 ,
              
               
                 That
                 Powis
                 should
                 young
                 
                 Mervyn's
                 portion
                 be
                 ,
              
               
                 And
                 thus
                 for
                 truth
                 the
                 very
                 manner
                 was
                 ,
              
               
                 How
                 all
                 divided
                 stood
                 between
                 them
                 three
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             The
             Answer
             .
          
           
             I
             cannot
             think
             it
             reason
             from
             the
             doubt
             of
             Northwales
             writers
             whether
             Anarawd
             or
             Mervyn
             were
             the
             eldest
             son
             of
             Roderic
             the
             great
             ,
             to
             conclude
             Cadelh
             to
             be
             the
             eldest
             ;
             especially
             seeing
             neither
             our
             writers
             nor
             any
             else
             do
             make
             any
             thing
             for
             
               Cadelh
               ▪
            
             and
             also
             that
             all
             in
             generall
             do
             agree
             ,
             that
             the
             King
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             howsoever
             he
             were
             called
             ,
             was
             the
             eldest
             of
             the
             Brethren
             .
             Not
             only
             Dr.
             Powel
             ,
             but
             a
             multitude
             of
             most
             
               ancient
               writers
            
             do
             prefer
             Anarawd
             to
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             as
             our
             ancient
             Bards
             and
             writers
             of
             
               Genealogies
               ;
               Illorum
               enim
            
             (
             saith
             Dr.
             
               Powel
               )
               constans
               assertio
               est
               Anaratum
               primogenitum
               principem
               fuisse
               Venedotiae
               .
            
             The
             ancient
             Author
             of
             
               Griffith
               ap
            
             Conan's
             life
             ,
             brings
             the
             pedegree
             of
             the
             said
             Griffith
             lineally
             to
             
               Anarawd
               .
               Meilir
               Brydydh
            
             (
             that
             flourished
             in
             William
             the
             Conqueror's
             time
             )
             averres
             the
             said
             Griffith
             to
             be
             descended
             of
             
               Anarawd
               .
               Caradocus
               Lancarvanensis
            
             affirmes
             that
             Anarawd
             the
             eldest
             son
             of
             Roderic
             the
             great
             was
             King
             of
             
               Northwal
               s.
            
             And
             last
             of
             all
             Ni●nius
             the
             
               old
               British
            
             writer
             and
             Disciple
             of
             
               Elv
               dugus
            
             ,
             who
             lived
             in
             the
             daies
             of
             Roderic
             and
             his
             children
             ,
             saith
             thus
             :
             
               Anaraught
               rex
               Moniae
            
             (
             i.e.
             )
             
               Môn
               ,
               qui
               regit
               modo
               regnum
               
               Wencdociae
               regionis
            
             (
             i.
             )
             Gweinedh
             .
             Therefore
             
               Giraldus
               Cambrensis
            
             with
             his
             followers
             Leyland
             and
             Lhwyd
             ,
             must
             needs
             be
             in
             an
             error
             ,
             when
             he
             gives
             his
             voice
             for
             Mervyn
             .
             And
             truly
             
               Giraldus
               Cambrensis
            
             ,
             though
             in
             antiquity
             he
             were
             most
             expert
             and
             skilfull
             ,
             yet
             seems
             not
             a
             little
             to
             be
             ignorant
             of
             the
             true
             history
             of
             Roderic
             the
             great
             and
             his
             children
             :
             for
             besides
             the
             former
             error
             in
             the
             2d
             chapter
             of
             his
             book
             ,
             intituled
             ,
             
               Descriptio
               Cambriae
            
             ,
             he
             avers
             that
             the
             said
             Roderic
             was
             the
             cause
             of
             the
             division
             of
             Wales
             into
             the
             
               three
               kingdomes
            
             of
             
               Northwales
               ,
               Southwales
            
             ,
             and
             Powis
             ,
             whereas
             it
             is
             apparent
             ,
             that
             the
             said
             
               three
               kingdomes
            
             had
             their
             severall
             Kings
             many
             years
             before
             his
             birth
             ,
             as
             Dr.
             Pow●l
             most
             truly
             proveth
             in
             his
             notes
             upon
             the
             said
             chapter
             :
             then
             also
             he
             saith
             ,
             that
             Cadelh
             ,
             to
             whom
             Roderic
             had
             given
             Southwales
             for
             his
             portion
             ,
             survived
             Anarawd
             and
             Mervyn
             ,
             whereby
             he
             got
             the
             monarchy
             of
             all
             
               Wales
               .
               Cadelh
            
             (
             saith
             he
             )
             
               praemortuis
               frat●ibus
               totius
               Walli●
               monarchiam
               obtinait
               ,
            
             And
             Carad●cus
             a
             more
             
               ancient
               writer
            
             testifieth
             ,
             that
             Cadelh
             died
             6.
             years
             before
             Anarawd
             ,
             with
             whom
             agreeth
             your
             countreyman
             
               George
               Owen
               Harry
            
             ,
             and
             another
             most
             
               ancient
               British
               Chronologer
            
             which
             beginneth
             thus
             ,
             
               Oes
               Gwrtheyrn
               Gortheneu
            
             &c.
             mentioned
             by
             Sr.
             
               John
               Prise
               ,
               p.
               121.
               defensionis
               Britannicae
               historiae
               .
            
             Lastly
             ,
             he
             faith
             that
             Cad●lh's
             successors
             even
             to
             Theodor
             enjoyed
             the
             said
             m●narchy
             ,
             whereas
             it
             is
             clear
             that
             diverse
             of
             the
             line
             of
             Anarawd
             ruled
             the
             Kingdome
             of
             Northwales
             during
             that
             time
             :
             so
             that
             we
             cannot
             but
             conclude
             Giraldus
             to
             be
             in
             a
             grosse
             error
             .
             And
             as
             to
             the
             testimony
             of
             
               David
               Nanmor
            
             ,
             on
             whom
             relies
             your
             whole
             hope
             for
             Cadelh's
             soveraignty
             ,
             it
             is
             answered
             ,
             that
             his
             Authority
             (
             had
             it
             been
             as
             you
             make
             it
             to
             be
             ,
             which
             shall
             appear
             to
             be
             far
             otherwise
             ,
             especially
             in
             so
             ancient
             a
             matter
             as
             we
             now
             handle
             ,
             being
             favoured
             or
             strengthned
             by
             no
             antiquity
             ,
             and
             himselfe
             not
             flourishing
             before
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             raign
             of
             Henry
             the
             sixth
             ,
             would
             have
             been
             too
             weak
             to
             encounter
             not
             only
             Dr.
             Powel
             ,
             but
             a
             multitude
             of
             
               most
               ancient
               Anthors
            
             ,
             well
             seen
             in
             antiquity
             ,
             that
             maintain
             the
             contrary
             :
             I
             cannot
             be
             perswaded
             that
             he
             was
             ever
             of
             that
             opinion
             ,
             nor
             that
             those
             verses
             you
             are
             pleased
             to
             lay
             to
             him
             are
             his
             .
             They
             do
             not
             savor
             of
             the
             skill
             of
             the
             meanest
             Bard
             ,
             much
             lesse
             of
             Nanmor
             ,
             that
             sometimes
             contended
             with
             
               David
               ap
               Edmond
            
             for
             the
             chair
             at
             the
             Eistedhfa
             in
             Caermarthen
             ,
             and
             by
             his
             
               Compod
               manuel
            
             ,
             his
             
               Gorchestion
               ,
               Cywydhau
               ,
               Odes
            
             and
             Epigramms
             ,
             is
             well
             known
             
             to
             surpasse
             most
             men
             of
             his
             time
             in
             Poeticall
             science
             .
             They
             have
             faults
             as
             to
             the
             measures
             in
             4.
             seve●all
             places
             ,
             such
             as
             our
             Bards
             terme
             
               Twyll
               gynghanedh
            
             and
             
               Twyll
               odl
            
             ,
             which
             by
             the
             teachers
             of
             the
             faculty
             ,
             to
             wit
             Dr.
             
               David
               du
            
             of
             
               Hiradhic
               ,
               Edyrn
               dafod
               Aur
               ,
               Eneon
               yff●irad
               ,
            
             and
             divers
             others
             have
             been
             damned
             for
             schismes
             and
             solaecismes
             ,
             in
             the
             art
             ,
             and
             so
             forbid
             to
             be
             used
             .
             It
             being
             so
             as
             to
             the
             Poetry
             ,
             the
             History
             may
             justly
             be
             suspected
             of
             mistakes
             ,
             if
             not
             of
             forgery
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             the
             promoting
             of
             a
             small
             designe
             .
             And
             there
             are
             mistakes
             in
             the
             history
             :
             for
             Rod●ric
             was
             not
             the
             divider
             of
             Wales
             ;
             and
             Cadelh
             is
             denyed
             by
             all
             writers
             to
             be
             the
             eldest
             of
             the
             3.
             
             Brethren
             ;
             nor
             was
             the
             K.
             of
             Aberffraws
             name
             Nerawd
             ,
             but
             Anarawd
             .
             And
             in
             the
             5th
             .
             and
             last
             Stanza
             ,
             which
             you
             forbear
             the
             mention
             of
             ,
             there
             is
             a
             manifest
             error
             ;
             for
             therein
             it
             is
             said
             ,
             that
             Roderic
             made
             his
             division
             betwen
             his
             3.
             sons
             A.D.
             
             811.
             long
             before
             his
             reign
             ,
             and
             probably
             before
             he
             was
             born
             ;
             for
             Caradocus
             saith
             he
             began
             his
             reign
             A.
             843.
             and
             his
             father
             
               Mervyn
               frych
            
             but
             in
             the
             year
             817.
             at
             which
             time
             Prince
             
               Conan
               Tindaethwy
            
             dyed
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             eleventh
             Argument
             .
          
           
             THese
             authorities
             and
             reasons
             are
             delivered
             simply
             to
             beat
             out
             the
             the
             truth
             of
             this
             point
             in
             question
             ,
             and
             chiefly
             out
             of
             a
             desire
             to
             clear
             the
             way
             for
             a
             
               perfect
               History
               of
               Wales
            
             ,
             if
             any
             shall
             undertake
             it
             ;
             which
             otherwise
             cannot
             be
             :
             for
             besides
             this
             evidence
             of
             the
             soveraignty
             of
             the
             Prince
             of
             Southwales
             (
             where
             there
             never
             failed
             a
             lawfull
             prince
             to
             govern
             untill
             the
             period
             thereof
             ,
             by
             the
             fatall
             overthrow
             of
             the
             last
             and
             worthy
             prince
             ,
             Prince
             
               Rees
               ap
               Th●odor
            
             )
             it
             seems
             not
             fit
             to
             register
             the
             acts
             of
             Wales
             for
             a
             great
             part
             of
             200.
             years
             under
             Usurpers
             .
             And
             therefore
             it
             is
             desired
             that
             if
             any
             shall
             be
             disposed
             to
             answer
             hereunto
             ,
             or
             to
             give
             reasons
             for
             maintaining
             their
             allegation
             ,
             it
             be
             done
             without
             prejudice
             or
             partiality
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             range
             not
             out
             of
             the
             limits
             of
             the
             question
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Answer
             .
          
           
             WHereas
             you
             alledge
             that
             your
             authorities
             and
             reasons
             are
             delivered
             simply
             to
             beat
             out
             the
             truth
             of
             the
             point
             in
             question
             ,
             I
             cannot
             conceive
             so
             ,
             in
             regard
             you
             have
             not
             been
             pleased
             to
             be
             so
             
             particular
             in
             your
             quotation
             of
             Authors
             ,
             as
             could
             be
             desired
             .
             And
             whereas
             you
             think
             it
             not
             fit
             to
             register
             the
             acts
             of
             Wales
             under
             Usurpers
             ,
             it
             seems
             you
             would
             deprive
             your
             reader
             of
             a
             perfect
             history
             ,
             and
             conceale
             such
             passages
             which
             are
             a
             requisite
             to
             be
             known
             ,
             as
             the
             lawfullest
             proceedings
             ;
             in
             that
             a
             history
             (
             how
             rugged
             soever
             ,
             the
             passages
             thereof
             may
             be
             )
             ought
             to
             testify
             the
             truth
             by
             the
             consent
             of
             times
             ,
             and
             immediate
             succession
             of
             Princes
             ;
             otherwise
             that
             will
             appear
             like
             a
             broken
             chaine
             ,
             wanting
             some
             necessary
             lincks
             to
             unite
             the
             whole
             ;
             neither
             will
             man's
             desire
             be
             sat●sfied
             ,
             untill
             it
             receive
             instruction
             ,
             who
             were
             ,
             and
             who
             were
             not
             Usurpers
             ,
             and
             how
             their
             government
             differed
             ,
             or
             whether
             Usurpers
             being
             really
             possessed
             of
             the
             Crown
             ,
             did
             not
             use
             the
             same
             jurisdiction
             which
             belonged
             unto
             the
             right
             heir
             :
             and
             withall
             t
             is
             far
             more
             fit
             &
             decent
             that
             the
             acts
             of
             Wales
             should
             be
             registred
             under
             the
             name
             of
             those
             Vsurpers
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             in
             regard
             that
             all
             Wales
             was
             subject
             to
             the
             crown
             thereof
             ,
             then
             under
             the
             princes
             of
             Southwales
             ,
             (
             who
             were
             ,
             as
             I
             said
             ,
             their
             subjects
             &
             tributaries
             ,
             )
             though
             the
             lawfull
             heirs
             of
             Cadelh
             .
             And
             in
             my
             judgment
             you
             cannot
             so
             confidently
             excuse
             your
             Southwales
             government
             from
             usurpation
             for
             that
             time
             ,
             seeing
             
               Rotherchap
               Jestin
            
             ,
             and
             others
             ,
             are
             acknowledged
             to
             be
             Vsurpers
             within
             the
             compasse
             of
             the
             time
             limited
             .
             You
             may
             be
             further
             convinced
             touching
             the
             truth
             of
             our
             allegation
             ,
             if
             you
             do
             but
             indifferently
             weigh
             the
             evident
             proofs
             that
             follow
             upon
             these
             grounds
             .
             First
             how
             the
             soveraignty
             continued
             in
             Northwales
             before
             the
             daies
             of
             Roderic
             the
             
               great
               .
               Secondly
            
             ,
             how
             Anarawd
             Prince
             of
             Northwales
             was
             
             Roderic's
             eldest
             son
             .
             And
             lastly
             how
             the
             Princes
             of
             Southwales
             and
             Powis
             paid
             tribute
             to
             the
             Prince
             of
             Northwales
             .
             To
             the
             first
             ,
             if
             you
             look
             back
             into
             the
             times
             before
             
             Roderic's
             raigne
             ,
             you
             must
             confesse
             
               Cadwalhon
               lhawhir
            
             King
             of
             Northwales
             was
             chiefest
             of
             the
             four
             that
             bare
             swords
             before
             Arthur
             at
             the
             triumphant
             feast
             of
             Caerlheon
             (
             of
             which
             number
             ,
             as
             
               Galfridus
               Monemutensis
            
             affirmes
             ,
             the
             King
             of
             Southwales
             was
             one
             :
             )
             or
             you
             must
             deny
             the
             testimony
             of
             your
             
               George
               Owen
               Harry
               ,
               pag.
            
             26.
             
             Then
             afterwards
             when
             the
             Britains
             wanted
             a
             supreme
             governour
             ,
             there
             was
             a
             generall
             meeting
             had
             for
             the
             election
             of
             a
             King
             ,
             and
             a
             continuall
             supply
             was
             had
             from
             the
             Princes
             of
             Northwales
             ;
             as
             first
             it
             may
             appear
             ,
             when
             (
             after
             the
             death
             of
             Vortiporius
             ,
             whom
             we
             call
             Gwerthevyr
             )
             the
             Britains
             met
             at
             
               Traeth
               Maelgwn
            
             ,
             as
             may
             be
             seen
             
             in
             those
             
               ancient
               British
               laws
            
             ,
             intituled
             
               Prawf
               ynad
               ,
               Lhe
               y
               caffas
               Maelgwn
               vot
               yn
               pennaf
               brenhin
               ,
               ac
               Aberffraw
               yn
               pen
               lhyssoedh
               ,
               a
               Jarlh
               Mathyraval
               ,
               a
               jarlh
               Dinevwr
               ,
               a
               iarlh
               Caerlh
               .
               on
               y
               danaw
               ynteu
               :
            
             whic●
             may
             be
             thus
             Englished
             .
             Where
             it
             was
             ordained
             ,
             that
             Malgwn
             (
             Prince
             of
             Northwales
             )
             should
             be
             the
             chiefest
             or
             soveraign
             King
             ,
             and
             Aberffraw
             in
             Northwales
             the
             soveraign
             seat
             of
             the
             Britains
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Earls
             of
             
               Powis
               ,
               Southwales
            
             ,
             and
             Caerlheon
             should
             be
             under
             him
             and
             obey
             him
             .
             And
             after
             that
             ,
             when
             the
             Princes
             of
             
               Southwales
               ,
               Powis
            
             ,
             and
             Cornwall
             after
             the
             battell
             of
             Bangor
             ,
             met
             at
             Chester
             ,
             where
             with
             the
             consent
             of
             all
             those
             Princes
             ,
             Cadvan
             Prince
             of
             Northwales
             was
             made
             King
             of
             Britaine
             ;
             after
             him
             succeeded
             in
             their
             own
             right
             Cadwalhon
             his
             son
             ,
             and
             Cadwalader
             his
             grandchild
             :
             at
             which
             time
             the
             Britains
             lost
             the
             soveraignty
             of
             the
             whole
             Isle
             ,
             as
             Galfridus
             saith
             .
             And
             yet
             
               R●deris
               Molwynoc
            
             Prince
             of
             Northwales
             ,
             the
             Grandchild
             of
             Cadwalader
             was
             obeyed
             by
             all
             the
             British
             Princes
             as
             their
             supreme
             and
             soveraign●
             Prince
             ,
             and
             called
             also
             King
             of
             the
             Britains
             according
             to
             all
             Authors
             :
             and
             so
             was
             his
             son
             
               Conan
               Tindaethwy
            
             ;
             and
             after
             him
             
               Mervyn
               Vrych
            
             King
             of
             Man
             ,
             who
             in
             the
             right
             of
             his
             wife
             Essyllt
             ,
             Conan's
             daughter
             ,
             was
             sole
             Prince
             of
             all
             Wales
             ,
             as
             your
             own
             
               George
               Oweu
               Harry
            
             and
             all
             other
             writers
             testify
             ;
             and
             after
             them
             succeeded
             Roderic
             the
             great
             their
             son
             ,
             who
             ,
             as
             Giraldus
             saith
             ,
             
               toti
               Walliae
               praesidebat
            
             .
             So
             then
             hitherto
             ,
             that
             is
             300
             years
             before
             
             Anarawd's
             raign
             ,
             it
             was
             not
             controverted
             who
             had
             the
             soveraignty
             ;
             for
             it
             being
             most
             manifest
             ,
             that
             the
             soveraignty
             of
             Wales
             remained
             in
             Northwales
             ,
             it
             may
             perswade
             an
             indifferent
             Reader
             that
             Roderic
             would
             not
             alter
             the
             course
             of
             the
             Soveraignty
             ,
             being
             a
             matter
             of
             that
             ancient
             continuance
             ,
             especially
             when
             it
             must
             be
             confessed
             ,
             that
             the
             Prince
             of
             Northwales
             was
             eldest
             son
             and
             heir
             apparent
             to
             his
             father
             
               Rod
               ric
            
             ,
             as
             both
             old
             and
             late
             writers
             do
             with
             one
             consent
             confesse
             :
             of
             which
             (
             for
             brevities
             sake
             )
             I
             will
             make
             choice
             but
             of
             few
             ,
             but
             such
             as
             are
             reputed
             to
             be
             of
             best
             credit
             and
             insight
             in
             Antiquity
             ,
             to
             assist
             me
             with
             their
             testimonies
             .
             And
             first
             of
             all
             Dr.
             Powel
             in
             his
             notes
             upon
             Giraldus
             ,
             and
             additions
             to
             Caradocus
             ,
             proveth
             that
             Anarawd
             was
             the
             eldest
             son
             of
             Roderic
             the
             great
             ,
             and
             sayth
             farther
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             the
             right
             heir
             of
             Cadwalader
             ,
             as
             is
             evident
             by
             all
             histories
             .
             Sr.
             
               John
               Prise
            
             ,
             a
             Scuthwales
             Gentleman
             ,
             in
             his
             description
             of
             Cambria
             ,
             saith
             that
             
               Rodericus
               magnus
            
             King
             of
             Wales
             gave
             Northwales
             
             as
             the
             chiefest
             part
             to
             his
             eldest
             son
             
               Humphry
               Llwyd
            
             in
             his
             Breviary
             of
             Britain
             ,
             and
             
               Jo.
               Leyland
            
             in
             his
             notes
             upon
             his
             book
             intituled
             
               Genethliacon
               Edvardi
               principis
            
             ,
             and
             the
             
               book
               of
               Hergest
            
             written
             in
             the
             dayes
             of
             Ed.
             4.
             averre
             ,
             that
             Roderic
             gave
             Northwales
             to
             his
             eldest
             son
             ,
             adding
             withall
             ,
             that
             Cadelh
             (
             who
             had
             Southwales
             )
             was
             the
             third
             son
             .
             
               Cyndhelw
               brydydd
               mawr
            
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             
               Cyndhelw
               the
               great
               p●et
            
             ,
             who
             flourished
             in
             the
             daies
             of
             Henry
             the
             second
             King
             of
             England
             ,
             writeth
             thus
             :
             
               
                 I
                 Rodri
                 mawr
                 vawr
                 vilwriaeth
                 Gymro
              
               
                 I
                 rai
                 Gymru
                 h●laeth
              
               
                 A
                 Gwynedh
                 nwn
                 gynnydh
                 a●th
              
               
                 I
                 vab
                 hynaf
                 y
                 pennaeth
                 .
              
            
             
               Caradocus
               Lancarvanensis
            
             forementioned
             ,
             who
             wrot
             in
             the
             dayes
             of
             Henry
             the
             first
             testifies
             in
             some
             copies
             of
             his
             Annals
             ,
             that
             Roderic
             had
             by
             his
             wife
             Angharad
             diverse
             sons
             ,
             as
             Anarawd
             his
             eldest
             son
             ,
             to
             whom
             he
             gave
             Aberffraw
             with
             Northwales
             .
             Our
             
               old
               books
               of
               pedigrees
            
             written
             on
             parchment
             above
             400
             years
             ago
             ,
             do
             attribute
             the
             seniority
             of
             birth
             to
             Anarawd
             the
             son
             of
             Roderic
             the
             great
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             Cadelh
             .
             To
             conclude
             ,
             
               Asser
               Menevensis
            
             ,
             Bishop
             of
             St.
             Davids
             ,
             who
             flourished
             even
             in
             the
             dayes
             of
             the
             sons
             of
             Roderic
             ,
             saith
             in
             the
             acts
             of
             King
             Alfred
             ,
             that
             
               Anaraut
               filius
               Rotri
               cum
               suis
               fratribus
               ad
               postremum
               amicitiam
               Northanhymbrorum
               d●serens
               ,
               de
               qua
               nullum
               bonum
               nisi
               damnum
               habuerat
               ,
               amicitiam
               Alfredi
               regis
               studiose
               requirens
               ,
               ad
               praesentiam
               illius
               aavenit
               ,
               cumque
               à
               rege
               houorificè
               receptus
               esset
               ,
               &
               ad
               manum
               Episcopi
               in
               filium
               consirmati●nis
               acceptus
               maximisque
               donis
               ditatus
               ,
               regis
               dominio
               cum
               omnibus
               suis
               cadem
               conditione
               subdidit
               ,
               ut
               in
               omnibus
               regiae
               voluntati
               sic
               obediens
               esset
               ,
               sicut
               Ethered
               cum
               Mercis
               .
            
             Here
             your
             countryman
             gives
             our
             Anarawd
             a
             superiority
             over
             his
             brethren
             ,
             esteeming
             them
             no
             otherwise
             then
             his
             inferiors
             and
             subjects
             ,
             as
             plainly
             it
             appears
             ,
             when
             he
             saith
             ,
             that
             King
             Alfred
             (
             of
             all
             the
             brethren
             )
             honoured
             ,
             enriched
             with
             great
             gifts
             ,
             and
             entred
             into
             league
             with
             Anarawd
             only
             .
             This
             testimony
             with
             the
             rest
             is
             sufficient
             to
             prove
             ,
             that
             Anarawd
             Prince
             of
             Northwales
             was
             the
             eldest
             son
             of
             Roderic
             the
             great
             ,
             and
             therefore
             soveraign
             King
             of
             the
             Britains
             ,
             which
             
               Merdhin
               Silvester
            
             300
             years
             before
             Anarawds
             birth
             foretold
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             that
             he
             should
             be
             
               supreme
               prince
            
             of
             the
             Britains
             after
             his
             father
             Roderic
             .
             Now
             time
             calleth
             me
             to
             come
             to
             my
             last
             argument
             ,
             
             which
             is
             ,
             that
             the
             Princes
             of
             Southwales
             and
             Powis
             payed
             a
             tribute
             to
             the
             Prince
             of
             Northwales
             .
             Wherein
             (
             to
             deale
             briefly
             )
             I
             will
             not
             trouble
             you
             here
             with
             the
             testimony
             of
             our
             great
             Antiquary
             Mr.
             Selden
             before
             mentioned
             in
             my
             Answer
             to
             your
             8.
             
             Argument
             ;
             nor
             with
             the
             authorities
             of
             our
             other
             late
             writers
             ,
             but
             will
             content
             my selfe
             with
             the
             
               ancient
               laws
            
             of
             our
             British
             Princes
             ,
             where
             thus
             we
             read
             :
             
               Try
               mychdeyrn
               dyledoc
               a
               dhylu
               gwladychu
               Cymruoll
               danei
               thervyneu
               ,
               brenin
               Aberffraw
               ,
               arglwydh
               Dinefwr
               ,
               a
               hwn
               Mathraval
               ,
               Tri
               phrif
               lys
               arbenic
               sydh
               ir
               tri
               theyrn
               hyn
               yn
               essyddyneu
               breiniawl
               ydhynt
               .
               Vn
               yw
               Aberffraw
               yngwynedh
               ,
               Dynevwr
               yny
               Deheu
               ,
               a
               Mathraval
               wynva
               ym
               Powys
               :
               a
               llyma
               mal
               y
               dosparthwyd
               eu
               teyrnasau
               hwynt
               yn
               dair
               rhan
               ,
               vn
               bie
               vchafiaeth
               ar
               y
               dhwy
               ,
               nit
               amgen
               noc
               Aberffraw
               pie
               y
               bendevigaeth
               .
               Teir
               mychdeyrn
               dhylyet
               adhylyir
               o
               Gymru
               olh
               ,
               Aberffraw
               gan
               y
               dhwylys
               hynny
               adhylu
               ,
               vn
               o
               Dhinefwr
               ,
               sef
               yw
               honno
               melget
               ,
               pedeir
               tunelh
               o
               vel
               a
               gassei
               pedeir
               mu
               ymhob
               tunelh
               ,
               dwy
               grenneit
               ymhob
               mu
               ,
               lhwyth
               deuwr
               ar
               drossol
               ym
               hob
               gren
               :
               Peillget
               o
               Wynva
               a
               ymodh
               hunw
               hefyd
               .
            
             Thus
             
               Englished
               .
               Three
            
             lawfull
             Kings
             ought
             to
             rule
             all
             Wales
             under
             its
             bounds
             ,
             the
             King
             of
             Aberffraw
             in
             Northwales
             ,
             the
             Lord
             of
             Dinefwr
             ,
             and
             this
             of
             Mathraval
             :
             these
             three
             Princes
             have
             three
             principall
             courts
             for
             their
             Princely
             dwellings
             ,
             Aberffraw
             in
             
               Northwales
               ,
               Dinefwr
            
             in
             Southwales
             ,
             and
             
               Mathraval
               wynfa
            
             in
             Powis
             .
             Thus
             their
             Dominions
             were
             divided
             into
             three
             parts
             ,
             one
             hath
             a
             soveraignty
             over
             the
             other
             two
             ,
             viz.
             Aberffraw
             hath
             the
             
               Primacy
               .
               Three
            
             princely
             Tributs
             are
             due
             out
             of
             all
             Wales
             ,
             whereof
             Aberffraw
             ought
             to
             have
             from
             those
             two
             seats
             ,
             one
             from
             Dinefwr
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             tribute
             of
             honey
             ,
             viz.
             4.
             tuns
             of
             Honey
             ,
             every
             tun
             containing
             4.
             mu
             ,
             every
             
               mu
               4.
               grens
            
             ,
             every
             gren
             as
             much
             as
             two
             men
             could
             carry
             between
             them
             on
             a
             leaver
             :
             the
             other
             is
             the
             like
             quantity
             of
             flower
             ,
             of
             
               Mathraval
               wynva
            
             .
             This
             I
             hold
             sufficient
             proof
             that
             that
             Southwales
             and
             Powis
             were
             tributaries
             to
             Northwales
             :
             and
             this
             should
             suffice
             me
             for
             this
             time
             ,
             had
             not
             
               Howel
               Dha
            
             a
             prince
             of
             Southwales
             and
             the
             son
             of
             Cadelh
             decreed
             in
             his
             Laws
             ,
             that
             as
             the
             King
             of
             Northwales
             was
             to
             pay
             a
             tribute
             to
             the
             King
             of
             London
             ,
             so
             should
             all
             the
             Kings
             of
             Wales
             pay
             tribute
             to
             the
             King
             of
             Northwales
             .
             LXIII
             
               libras
               est
               mychdeyrn
               dyled
               quod
               rex
               Aberfrau
               reddere
               debet
               regi
               Londoniae
               semel
               cùm
               acceperit
               terram
               suam
               ab
               eo
               ;
               p●stea
               verò
               omnes
               reges
               Walliae
               debent
               terram
               suam
               ab
               eoaccipere
               ,
               i.
               e.
               à
               rege
               Aberffraw
               ,
               &
               illi
               reddere
               meicheerd
               deleet
               &
               abediw
               p●st
               eorum
               mortem
               ,
               
               &
               verbum
               illius
               ,
               verbum
               est
               super
               omnes
               reges
               ,
               &
               nullius
               verbum
               est
               super
               ipsum
               :
            
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             
               sixty
               three
            
             pounds
             is
             the
             Monarchicall
             tribute
             ,
             which
             the
             King
             of
             Aberfraw
             ought
             to
             the
             King
             of
             London
             when
             once
             he
             hath
             received
             his
             lands
             of
             him
             :
             afterwards
             all
             the
             Kings
             of
             Wales
             ought
             to
             take
             their
             lands
             of
             him
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             of
             the
             King
             of
             Aberfraw
             ,
             and
             to
             pay
             him
             a
             reliefe
             after
             their
             death
             .
             And
             
               his
               law
            
             is
             a
             law
             over
             the
             Kings
             ,
             and
             no
             mans
             law
             is
             over
             him
             .
             So
             saith
             
               Howel
               Dha
            
             .
          
           
             The
             weight
             of
             these
             reasons
             makes
             me
             omit
             diverse
             others
             ,
             and
             many
             conjectures
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             vulgar
             opinion
             ;
             for
             seeing
             before
             
             Roderic's
             time
             the
             case
             is
             made
             out
             by
             good
             proofs
             ,
             and
             that
             in
             Roderic
             and
             his
             sons
             times
             ,
             and
             their
             posterity
             ,
             it
             is
             still
             strengthned
             with
             the
             authorities
             of
             both
             Southwales
             and
             Northwales
             new
             and
             old
             writers
             ,
             I
             see
             no
             reason
             why
             you
             should
             not
             conclude
             with
             me
             ,
             That
             the
             Princes
             of
             Northwales
             had
             the
             soveraignty
             over
             all
             Wales
             .
          
        
         
           THE
           END
           .
        
      
       
         
           A
           Mistake
           touching
           the
           Pedegree
           of
           the
           Earl
           of
           CARBERY
           corrected
           .
        
         
           FInding
           a
           mistake
           in
           a
           book
           lately
           printed
           ,
           called
           
             Cambria
             triumphans
          
           ,
           touching
           the
           Pedegree
           of
           the
           right
           honourable
           the
           Earl
           of
           Carbery
           ,
           the
           Author
           making
           him
           to
           be
           descended
           from
           Gwaethvoed
           of
           Cardigan
           ,
           whereas
           indeed
           Gwaethvoed
           of
           Powis
           was
           his
           Ancestor
           ,
           I
           thought
           I
           should
           be
           wanting
           to
           my
           duty
           to
           that
           Noble
           person
           and
           the
           truth
           ,
           if
           I
           did
           not
           ,
           when
           I
           had
           an
           opportunity
           ,
           endeavour
           (
           what
           lay
           in
           me
           )
           the
           rectifying
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           The
           Gentleman
           the
           Author
           I
           do
           very
           much
           respect
           and
           honour
           for
           his
           love
           expressed
           to
           our
           Country
           in
           his
           worthy
           pains
           to
           maintain
           the
           honour
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           do
           not
           so
           much
           impute
           the
           mistake
           to
           him
           ,
           being
           a
           stranger
           ,
           as
           to
           our
           late
           unskilfull
           Recorders
           of
           Genealogies
           ,
           who
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           not
           examining
           things
           throughly
           ,
           and
           not
           studying
           Chronology
           
           better
           ,
           have
           been
           the
           occasion
           of
           his
           Error
           .
        
         
           In
           their
           writings
           they
           deliver
           to
           posterity
           ,
           that
           Gwaethvoed
           of
           Cardigan
           was
           the
           Father
           of
           Gweristan
           ,
           the
           Grandfather
           of
           
             Blethyn
             ap
             Cynvyn
          
           King
           of
           Wales
           ,
           the
           
           Earl's
           Ancestor
           ;
           but
           without
           any
           grounds
           for
           it
           ,
           as
           I
           shall
           make
           it
           to
           appear
           ,
           by
           shewing
           1.
           
           That
           there
           were
           two
           Gwaethvoeds
           .
           2ly
           ,
           that
           Gwaethvoed
           of
           Cardigan
           could
           not
           be
           the
           great
           Grandfather
           of
           
             Blethyn
             ap
             Cynvyn
          
           ,
           and
           so
           not
           the
           Earl
           of
           Carbery's
           Ancestor
           .
        
         
           That
           there
           were
           two
           Gwaethvoeds
           our
           bo●ks
           of
           Ped●grees
           assure
           us
           ,
           which
           make
           often
           mention
           both
           of
           
             Gwaethvoed
             vawr
          
           of
           Powis
           ,
           and
           of
           Gwaethveed
           of
           Cardigan
           .
           They
           are
           recorded
           as
           distinct
           persons
           ,
           the
           one
           being
           stiled
           of
           Powis
           ,
           the
           other
           of
           Cardigan
           ,
           for
           distinction's
           sake
           .
           And
           they
           appear
           further
           to
           be
           distinct
           by
           their
           distinct
           Coates
           of
           Arms
           ,
           and
           distinct
           Pedegrees
           :
           he
           of
           Powis
           beareth
           
             vert
             a
             Lyon
             rampant
             A.
             imbrued
             head
             ,
             feet
             and
             tayle
          
           ;
           the
           other
           ,
           
             Or
             a
             Lyon
             rampant
             regardant
             S.
             langued
             and
             armed
             G.
          
           And
           for
           their
           Pedegrees
           ,
           books
           written
           about
           400
           years
           ago
           ,
           say
           that
           Gwaethvoed
           of
           Powis
           was
           the
           son
           of
           
             Gwrhydr
             ap
             Caradawc
             ap
             Lles
             Llawddeawc
          
           &c.
           to
           
             Beli
             Mawr
             (
             Belinus
             magnus
          
           )
           Monarch
           of
           Britaine
           ,
           the
           father
           of
           King
           Lud
           ,
           and
           of
           Cassib●lan
           ,
           who
           was
           King
           when
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           first
           entred
           Britaine
           .
           And
           there
           are
           other
           books
           that
           derive
           the
           Pedegree
           of
           Gwaethvoed
           of
           Cardigan
           to
           
             Gwythno
             Garanir
          
           Lord
           of
           
             Cantre
             Gwaelod
          
           ,
           (
           to
           wit
           ,
           that
           large
           Plaine
           extending
           it self
           between
           the
           Countyes
           of
           
             Carnarvan
             ,
             Cardigan
          
           ,
           and
           Pembroke
           ,
           long
           since
           swallowed
           up
           by
           the
           Sea
           )
           thus
           ,
           
             Gwaethvoed
             ap
             Eunydd
          
           ,
           as
           
             Lewis
             Morgannwc
          
           saith
           ;
           but
           others
           leaving
           out
           Eunydd
           say
           ,
           he
           was
           the
           son
           of
           
             Cadivor
             ap
             Peredur
             peiswydh
             ap
             Eneon
             ap
             Eunydd
             ,
          
           and
           so
           to
           the
           said
           
             Gwythno
             Garanir
          
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           direct
           line
           from
           him
           to
           
             Cunedha
             wledig
          
           King
           of
           the
           North
           and
           Cambria
           .
        
         
           That
           Gwaethvoed
           of
           Cardigan
           could
           not
           be
           the
           great
           Grandfather
           of
           
             Blethyn
             ap
             Cynvyn
          
           &c.
           ]
           for
           Blethyn
           was
           neer
           of
           this
           Gwaethvoed's
           age
           .
           Caradoc
           of
           Lancarvan
           in
           his
           history
           of
           Wales
           tells
           us
           ;
           that
           Blethyn
           was
           slaine
           
             A.
             D.
          
           1073.
           being
           born
           ,
           as
           may
           be
           conjectured
           ,
           about
           1023.
           supposing
           Angharad
           (
           Prince
           
             Llewelyn
             ap
             Sitsyllt's
          
           widow
           ,
           who
           was
           slaine
           
             A.
             D.
          
           1021.
           )
           to
           marry
           Convyn
           Blethyn's
           father
           1022.
           
           Now
           Gwaethvoed
           of
           Cardigan
           could
           not
           be
           ancienter
           then
           Blethyn
           ,
           if
           so
           ancient
           ,
           will
           appear
           ,
           if
           we
           examine
           the
           2d
           .
           book
           .
           and
           4th
           ch
           .
           of
           
             Giraldus
             
             Cambr●nsis
          
           his
           
             Itinerarium
             Cambriae
          
           ;
           there
           we
           may
           find
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           year
           1188
           ,
           when
           Baldwin
           Arch-Bishop
           of
           Canterbury
           visited
           Wales
           ,
           with
           Giraldus
           in
           his
           company
           ,
           to
           perswade
           the
           Welsh
           to
           list
           themselves
           for
           the
           
             holy
             war
          
           against
           the
           Saracens
           ,
           that
           there
           was
           a
           son
           of
           this
           
           Gwaethvoed's
           (
           an
           aged
           man
           )
           then
           living
           ,
           called
           Ednowen
           ,
           a
           
             Lay
             Abbot
          
           of
           
             Lanbadern
             vawr
          
           in
           Cardiganshire
           ,
           being
           a
           115
           years
           just
           after
           the
           death
           of
           
             Blethyn
             ap
             Cynvyn
          
           ;
           therefore
           we
           must
           needs
           conclude
           this
           Gwaethvoed
           could
           not
           live
           long
           before
           Blethyn
           ,
           and
           if
           he
           did
           live
           before
           him
           any
           time
           ,
           he
           could
           not
           so
           long
           before
           him
           ,
           as
           to
           be
           his
           Grandfather
           .
        
         
           Besides
           ,
           that
           Gwaethvoed
           ,
           the
           Earl
           of
           
           Carbery's
           Ancestor
           ,
           was
           a
           distinct
           person
           from
           Gwaethvoed
           of
           Cardigan
           ,
           and
           far
           ancienter
           ,
           may
           from
           hence
           further
           be
           gathered
           ,
           viz.
           that
           the
           generations
           from
           him
           to
           our
           time
           are
           more
           in
           number
           then
           the
           generations
           from
           Gwaethvoed
           of
           Cardigan
           ,
           as
           appears
           by
           this
           instance
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           my
           Lord
           Vaughan
           the
           
           Earl●s
           son
           is
           the
           21th
           .
           generation
           from
           Gwaethvoed
           his
           Ancestour
           ;
           whereas
           Sr.
           
             Richard
             Price
          
           of
           Gogerddan
           Baronet
           ,
           descended
           from
           Gwaethvo●d
           of
           Cardigan
           my
           Lord
           's
           equall
           in
           age
           is
           but
           the
           17th
           .
           in
           descent
           from
           that
           Gwa●thvoed
           .
           Also
           we
           read
           in
           our
           books
           of
           one
           Morvydh
           daughter
           to
           
             Yayr
             ddu
          
           King
           of
           Gwent
           (
           now
           Monmouthshire
           ,
           )
           who
           lived
           in
           King
           
           Ath●lstan's
           time
           ,
           
             A.
             D.
          
           921.
           as
           
             Rog
             :
             Hovenden
          
           hath
           it
           recorded
           ,
           that
           married
           one
           Gwaethvoed
           ,
           which
           could
           not
           be
           that
           of
           Cardigan
           ,
           who
           ,
           as
           is
           said
           ,
           having
           a
           son
           living
           1188.
           cannot
           rationally
           be
           supposed
           to
           be
           born
           before
           the
           year
           1000
           ,
           or
           thereabouts
           ,
           but
           may
           very
           well
           be
           that
           Gwaethvoed
           of
           Powis
           ,
           the
           Ancestour
           of
           Blethyn
           ;
           this
           Gwaethvoed
           might
           very
           well
           be
           
           Blethyn's
           great
           grandfather
           ,
           there
           being
           a
           100
           years
           difference
           of
           time
           and
           above
           ,
           between
           them
           .
        
      
       
         
           The
           Pedegree
           of
           the
           right
           honourable
           Sr.
           RICHARD
           VAUGHAN
           Earl
           of
           Carbery
           ,
           Lord
           Viscount
           Molingar
           ,
           Baron
           of
           Emlyn
           ,
           and
           Lord
           President
           of
           the
           Marches
           of
           WALES
           .
        
         
           
             
               
                 Gwaithvoed
                 vawr
                 
                   Lord
                   of
                
                 Powis
                 .
              
               
                 Morvydd
                 
                   da
                   :
                   &
                   coheir
                   of
                
                 Yayr
                 ddu
                 
                   king
                   of
                
                 Gwent
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Gwerystan
                 
                   Lord
                   of
                
                 Powis
                 .
              
               
                 Nest
                 
                   danghter
                   of
                
                 Cadell
                 ap
                 Brochw
                 .
                 l.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Convyn
                 
                   Lord
                   of
                
                 Powis
                 .
              
               
                 Aagharad
                 
                   Queen
                   of
                
                 Wales
                 ,
                 
                   da
                   :
                   &
                   heir
                   of
                
                 Mredith
                 ap
                 Owen
                 
                   king
                   of
                
                 Wales
                 :
                 
                   the
                   relict
                   of
                
                 Llywelyn
                 ap
              
            
             
               
                 Bledhyn
                 ap
                 Cy●vyn
                 
                   King
                   of
                
                 Wales
                 .
              
               
                 Haer
                 
                   da
                   :
                   &
                   coheir
                   of
                
                 Cilli●●
                 Blaidd
                 rudd
                 of
                 (
                 Seissylt
                 .
                 Gest
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Meredith
                 ap
                 Bleddyn
                 
                   Prince
                   of
                
                 Powis
                 .
              
               
                 Hunyth
                 
                   da
                   :
                   of
                
                 Eynydd
                 .
              
            
             
             
               
                 Madoc
                 ap
                 Meredith
                 
                   Prince
                   of
                
                 Powis
                 .
              
               
                 Eva
                 
                   da
                   :
                   of
                
                 Madoc
                 ap
                 Urien
                 ap
                 Egmir
                 ap
                 Lles
                 ap
                 Idaerth
                 Benvras
                 of
                 Maesbroke
                 .
                 
                   ER.
                   Gh.
                
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Enion
                 Evell
                 .
              
               
                 Arddyn
                 
                   da.
                   of
                
                 Madoc
                 Van
                 ap
                 Madoc
                 ap
                 Enion
                 hael
                 ap
                 Urien
                 of
                 Main
                 Gwinedd
                 .
                 
                   R.
                   C.
                
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Run
                 ap
                 Enion
                 .
              
               
                 Elizabeth
                 
                   da
                   :
                   to
                
                 Jo.
                 Lord
                 Strange
                 of
                 Cno●kin
                 
                   Gh.
                   ER.
                
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Cyhely●
                 ap
                 Rh●●
                 .
              
               
                 Eva
                 
                   da.
                   and
                   heir
                   of
                
                 Grono
                 ap
                 Cadwgan
                 Saethydd
                 
                   Lord
                   of
                
                 Henvache
                 
                   Gh.
                   ER.
                
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Ivaf
                 ap
                 Cyhelyn
                 .
              
               
                 Eva
                 
                   da
                   :
                   to
                
                 Adda
                 ap
                 Awr
                 of
                 Trevor
                 .
                 
                   Gh.
                   ER.
                
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Madoc
                 Coch.
                 
              
               
                 Lleuki
                 
                   da
                   :
                   of
                
                 Howel
                 goch
                 ap
                 Mared
                 Van
                 
                   &c.
                   to
                
                 Bleddyn
                 ap
                 Cynvyn
                 .
                 
                   Gh.
                   ER.
                
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Madoc
                 Kyffin
                 .
              
               
                 —
                 
                   the
                   da
                   :
                   of
                
                 Griffith
                 ap
                 Rees
                 ap
                 Madoc
                 ap
                 Ririd
                 Ulaidd
                 .
                 Gh.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 David
                 ap
                 Mad.
                 Kyffin
                 .
              
               
                 Catharin
                 
                   da
                   :
                   of
                
                 Morgan
                 ap
                 Davydd
                 ap
                 Madoc
                 ap
                 David
                 Van
                 ap
                 David
                 up
                 Griff.
                 ap
                 Jorwerth
                 ap
                 Howel
                 ap
                 Moriddig
                 ap
                 Sandde
                 ,
                 
                   Gh.
                   RC.
                
                 
              
            
             
               
                 David
                 Va.
                 of
                 Gartheryr
                 .
              
               
                 Gwervyl
                 
                   da
                   :
                   to
                
                 Griffith
                 ap
                 Rees
                 ap
                 Griffith
                 ap
                 Madoc
                 ap
                 Jorwerth
                 ap
                 Madoc
                 ap
                 Ririd
                 ulaidd
                 .
                 Gh.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Griffith
                 Vaugh.
                 
              
               
                 Tibod
                 
                   da
                   :
                   to
                
                 Meredith
                 ap
                 Tudur
                 ap
                 Gronw
                 ap
                 Howel
                 y
                 gadair
                 .
                 Gh.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Hugh
                 Vaughan
                 Esq
                 .
              
               
                 Jane
                 
                   da
                   :
                   of
                
                 Moris
                 ap
                 Owen
                 ap
                 Griff.
                 ap
                 Nicôlas
                 .
                 Gh.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 John
                 Vaugh.
                 Esq
                 .
              
               
                 Catherin
                 
                   da.
                   of
                
                 Harry
                 ap
                 Trahayarn
                 of
                 Bodlysgwm
                 .
                 Gh
                 :
              
            
             
               
                 Walter
                 Vaugh.
                 
                   of
                   Golden
                   Grove
                
                 .
              
               
                 Mary
                 
                   da.
                   of
                
                 Griffith
                 Rees
                 of
                 Tresnewyth
                 in
                 Carmartbin
                 shire
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 John
                 
                   Earl
                   of
                
                 Carbury
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Margaret
                 
                   da.
                   of
                
                 Sr.
                 Gely
                 Meuric
                 .
                 Kt.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Richard
                 
                   Earl
                   of
                
                 Carbury
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Alice
                 
                   da.
                   of
                
                 John
                 
                   Earl
                   of
                
                 Bridgewater
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             He
             beareth
             Or.
          
           a
           lyoa
           rampant
           
             G.
             the
             coat
             of
          
           Blethyn
           ap
           Kynvyn
           ,
           
             not
             the
             Coat
             of
             Prince
          
           Madoc
           ap
           Meredith
           ,
           
             being
             A.
          
           a
           lyon
           rampant
           S.
           armed
           and
           langued
           G.
           
        
      
       
         
           The
           5.
           
           Royall
           Tribes
           of
           Cambria
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           
             GRiffith
             ap
             Conan
          
           King
           of
           Northwales
           is
           the
           first
           registred
           in
           our
           books
           ;
           he
           was
           the
           Grandchild
           of
           Prince
           
             Jago
             ap
             Edwal
          
           ,
           whose
           son
           Conan
           was
           forced
           to
           fly
           into
           Ireland
           for
           safety
           ,
           where
           he
           married
           Ranullt
           daughter
           of
           Auloedd
           King
           of
           
             Dublin
             ,
             Man
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Isles
           ,
           and
           the
           reli●●
           of
           Mathganyn
           King
           of
           Vlster
           ,
           and
           had
           issue
           by
           her
           this
           Griffith
           .
           He
           beareth
           G.
           3
           
             lioncels
             passant
             in
             pale
             barry
          
           A.
           
             armed
             Az.
          
           
        
         
         
           2.
           
           
             Rees
             ap
             Tewdwr
             mawr
          
           ,
           the
           second
           Royall
           Tribe
           ,
           who
           took
           upon
           him
           the
           government
           of
           Southwales
           A.
           D.
           1077.
           
           G.
           
             a
             Lyon
             rampant
          
           Or.
           
             within
             a
             bordure
             indented
          
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           
             Blethyn
             ap
             .
             Cynvyn
          
           (
           the
           third
           royall
           Tribe
           )
           was
           King
           of
           Northwales
           and
           Prince
           of
           Powis
           ,
           and
           after
           the
           death
           of
           his
           grandfather
           
             Meredith
             ap
             Owen
          
           (
           Prince
           of
           Southwales
           )
           he
           became
           King
           of
           all
           Wales
           ,
           Or
           
             a
             Lyon
             rampant
          
           G.
           
             armed
             and
             langued
          
           Or.
           
        
         
           4.
           
           The
           fourth
           Royall
           
             tribe
             Elystan
             .
             Glodrydd
          
           Prince
           of
           the
           country
           between
           Wy
           and
           Severne
           .
           He
           was
           the
           son
           of
           
             Cyhelyn
             ap
             Jv●r
          
           by
           Rhi●ingar
           the
           daughter
           and
           heir
           of
           
             Gr●nw
             ap
             Tuder
             Trevor
          
           ,
           from
           whom
           he
           had
           derived
           to
           him
           the
           title
           of
           the
           Earldome
           of
           
             Hereford
             .
             Athelstan
          
           King
           of
           England
           was
           his
           Godfather
           .
           Elystan's
           two
           Coates
           quartered
           .
           A.
           3
           
             boars
             heads
             cobazed
          
           S.
           langued
           G.
           tusked
           Or.
           His
           Mothers
           Coa●
           .
           
             Parted
             per
             Bend
             sinister
          
           Ermine
           and
           ermines
           ,
           over
           all
           ,
           
             a
             lyon
             rampant
          
           Or.
           
        
         
           5.
           
           
             Jestyn
             ap
             Gurgant
          
           ,
           the
           fifth
           Royall
           Tribe
           ,
           was
           Prince
           or
           Lord
           of
           Glamorgan
           ,
           he
           descended
           from
           Iewdric
           King
           of
           Gwent
           in
           King
           
           Arthur's
           time
           .
           He
           lost
           his
           Country
           to
           
             Robert
             Fitz
             hamon
          
           the
           Norman
           ,
           and
           his
           12
           knights
           ,
           whom
           by
           the
           procurement
           of
           
             Eneon
             ap
             Cadivor
             ap
             Colwy●
          
           he
           had
           hired
           to
           come
           with
           an
           army
           to
           assist
           him
           against
           
             Rees
             ap
             Tewdwr
          
           Prince
           of
           Southwales
           ,
           &
           
             Blethyn
             ap
             Maenyrch
          
           Lord
           of
           
             Breeknock
             ▪
          
           a
           just
           judgment
           upon
           him
           for
           his
           disloyalty
           to
           the
           said
           Rees
           his
           Lord
           &
           Prince
           !
           God
           being
           pleased
           suddenly
           to
           permit
           treachery
           to
           be
           punishedwith
           treachery
           .
           Rees
           and
           Blethyn
           after
           a
           very
           bloudy
           fight
           (
           not
           far
           from
           Brecknock
           were
           both
           slaine
           in
           the
           field
           .
           G.
           3
           
             che●onels
             in
             pale
          
           A.
           
        
         
           Prince
           
             Griffith
             ap
             Conan
             ,
             Rees
             ap
             Tewawr
             ,
          
           and
           
             Blethyn
             ap
             Cynvyn
          
           made
           diligent
           search
           after
           the
           Armes
           ,
           Ensignes
           ,
           and
           Pedegrees
           of
           their
           Ancestours
           ,
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Kings
           of
           the
           Britains
           ;
           what
           they
           discovered
           by
           their
           pains
           in
           any
           papers
           and
           records
           was
           afterwards
           by
           the
           Bards
           digested
           and
           put
           into
           books
           .
           And
           they
           ordained
           5.
           
             royall
             Tribes
          
           (
           there
           being
           only
           3
           before
           )
           to
           whom
           their
           pollerity
           to
           this
           day
           can
           derive
           themselves
           :
           and
           also
           15
           
             speciall
             Tribes
          
           ,
           of
           whom
           the
           Gentry
           ,
           especially
           of
           Northwales
           ,
           are
           for
           the
           most
           part
           descended
           .
           And
           in
           our
           books
           we
           have
           mention
           of
           the
           Tribe
           of
           the
           Marc●●
           &c.
           besides
           other
           Tribes
           called
           Gwe●●lyth
           and
           Gwehelaethan
           .
        
         
           THE
           END
           .